Intro: Throughout many years, there has been a lot of revolutions that have helped out countries or has been a big effect on the country. For example, if we look at the French Revolutionary War, it was mainly caused by a King named Louis XVI. During this era or time, there was a monarchy. Monarchy is when the king only has the supreme power over the whole country and no else can take over it. Louis XVI decided to help […]
Moderate Stage 1788 – Louis XVI called for the Estates General. By 1788 the Kingdom of France was utterly broke. Conflicts like the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War had been more than France could afford while the tax system was heavily outdated where the French nobility and the Catholic Church (who control most of the land and wealth despite being a tiny percentage of the population) paid virtually no taxes. The king’s summoning of the Estates General […]
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I believe that the French revolution was worth the coast, this revolution needed to happen no matter the cost things needed to change. There wasn’t one event or condition that led to the French Revolution, but, rather, a number of factors came together to cause a perfect storm leading to the revolt of the people against the king.1 It led to the end of the monarchy (a monarchy is a form of government with a monarch at the top) and […]
Introduction: The Revolution started is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government. Many important parts of the revolution is what added up to end it. For example, Meeting of the Estates General, The Tennis Court Oath, Storming of Bastille, March on Versailles, The Reign of Terror, and The Rise of Napoleon. Meeting of the Estates-General: During the Meeting of the Estates-General King Louis XVI wanted to […]
Introduction The start of the French Revolution was regarded by many as a new beginning and full of hope. People felt that it represented an age of equality and freedom. However, this event was actually marked by violent events and injustice. Rise of a new dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte Those who took part this event only expected a moderate change Their attempts actually lead to a severe and dramatic conclusion with the king’s execution and France’s formation of a republic. Changes […]
The revolution, enduring from 1789 to 1799, also had far-reaching effects on the rest of Europe. Inspired by liberal and radical thoughts, the Revolution significantly changed the course of current history, setting off the worldwide decrease of total governments while replacing them with republics and liberal majority rule systems. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it released a flood of worldwide clashes that stretched out from the Caribbean to the Center East. Under Louis XIV, who ruled from 1638 to 1715, many […]
Introduction People believed that the French Revolution will start an age of freedom and equality. In the end, it only caused death and the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte They ended up killing the king and making a republic. The influence of the nobility died out, the middle class became wealthy. and influential, the peasants became more civilized, and also during that time, the Roman Catholic Church most lost its religious monopoly. There are 3 sections in the French Revolution. First: […]
The French Revolution and American Revolution do share some similarities, yet there are a number of differences between the two revolutions. One of the main differences was the overall context of the revolutions. There is even some debate about whether or not the American Revolution was a revolution at all, as Palmer describes it as only a war of independence against Great Britain. Despite the controversy, both were caused by similar reasons yet were carried out by differing people within […]
The French Revolution was a period of political upheaval that occurred in France during the latter half of the 18th century. This revolution marked an end to the system of feudalism and absolute monarchy in France and a rise to democracy and new Enlightenment ideas. By 1789, when the revolution began, France was in a deep financial crisis due to the debt they had obtained over many years of reckless spending and France was nearly bankrupt. These financial issues fell […]
During the time of the French Revolution women played a large part that lead to the start of the French revolution. They were involved and participated in many uprisings before, during and after that helped contribute to the Revolution. This involved the groups Bourgeoisie, Peasantry and the Sans-Culottes. The Revolution began in 1789, which lasted about 10 years because the people of France took over the government. It was the declaration of man signing which lead to the March to […]
The French Revolution was one of the most significant, radical revolutions of all time. Before the revolution, France was broken up into three social classes. The First estate was the clergy, the Second Estate was the nobility, and the Third Estate was everyone else(Bourgeoise, peasants, small business owners, doctors, lawyers, and more). The First and Second Estates combined made up roughly three percent of France’s population, but paid little to no taxes. The Third Estate made up the remaining ninety-seven […]
Revolutions have changed the world as we know it today. In order for a revolution to occur, you need to unite a group of people around a common purpose for which you are trying to achieve. Seeing as a revolution is defined as a period or instance of significant change or radical alteration and revolutionary being defined as involving or constituting radical change according to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th. Ed.), this leads us to ask, what so called […]
Louis XVI was one of the rulers during the French Revolution. He was not an impactful leader for the people. He wanted to run from issues instead of facing them head on and he made some promises that could not be kept and had poor decisions. In time of crisis he could not take charge. The rebellion of the Third Estate showed that they felt unrepresented and did not have equal rights as the other estates did, and Louis XVI […]
France, one of the greatest powers of the world, terrified other countries with its reign, but still was unable to control its own people. The citizens of France started to get tired of the mistreatment brought about by their government. The monarchy had been adding significant taxes to the people, overspending and broadening the debt of the country, and making the lives of the French miserable and poverty-stricken. This caused economic and political turmoil throughout the nation and made the […]
Throughout time women have had a profound impact on most movements. In the French Revolution women’s roles have been very undermined, almost to the point where people don’t know the impact they had. Women in France at the time of the revolution were vital in some of the transpired events such The Women’s March on Versailles and The Bread Riots. Without the part that they played, the revolution’s results would have turned out much differently, which in turn, would impact […]
According to an history editor in 1789 the French revolution started as a watershed modern European history when the French revolution ended in the 1790s the Napoleon Bonaparte. The citizen of the country destroy their own country’s political landscape, removing long age institutions like absolute monarchy and feudal system. This disaster was ignited by an extensive act of discontent with the French monarchy and also with the bad and poor policies made by Louis XVI in his economy sector, though […]
The French Revolution lasted 10 years (1789-1799). It began July 14,1789, when revolutionaries stormed a prison called Bastille. It all started because the King of France, Louis XVI, ran out of money. This happened mostly because due to France fighting two wars. The king couldn’t raise money himself for the wars , and he didnt get money from the upper class of France because they were against paying for anything, so he began to tax the middle and lower class […]
The French Revolution of 1789 had some long-range causes. Political, social, and monetary conditions in France distraught many French individuals malcontented. Most offended were vendors, craftsmans, laborers, and workers. The thoughts of the Enlightenment scholars brought new perspectives on government and society. The American Revolution additionally affected the happening to The French Revolution. Along these lines, The French Revolution of 1789 had a few causes due to political, yet additionally because of social and financial issues and issues also that […]
The French Revolution was an inevitable uprising in France. Between 1789 and 1799 the common people revolted against the government and their ruling power, eventually resulting in France becoming a republic. Such a drastic change was at the expense of years of oppressive ruling styles enforced by the monarchy. The French Revolution was driven by a need for change within the french society, after years of the ruling power ignoring the prominent need for reformation. Prior to 1789 French society […]
A Tale of Two Cities is a novel by Charles Dickens that takes place during the French Revolution. It shows some of the events that led up to the Revolution and a few of the people leading it. The French Revolution changed the country and influenced other countries all over the world. A Tale of Two Cities shows how easy it is for people with a good cause to turn into the very thing they want to change. Dickens shows […]
On the last Sunday of January 1790, a boat debarked at Port-Louis harbor from France, soaring a current emblem, the ‘Tricolor’ that conveyed the announcement about the revolution in France. Then the residers of Isle de France came to know about the French revolution. The inhabitants of Port Louis were delighted about all the advancements and progression which had taken place in France. Mahe de Labourdonnais was a great French governor. He changed Port Louis from a small village to […]
Was Napoleon An Heir to the French Revolution? Of all the Events of European history, the French Revolution of 1789 is without doubt one of the most important and controversial. Similarly Napoleon Bonaparte has to be amongst the most written on and opinion dividing individuals world history has ever seen. Therefore the question as to weather Napoleon was an heir to the revolution, its saviour, hijacker, or simply consolidator is probably the most frequently asked question regarding the revolution and […]
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military leader and emperor who conquered a large portion of Europe in the early 19th century. While French Revolution, beginning in 1789 and ending in 1799, was a time of chaos for France. Napoleon was only able to gain power during the end of the revolution, around the late 1790’s and early 1800’s. He very quickly ascended the military ranks during the French Revolution. In no time he was crowned emperor and he successfully conducted […]
By the late 18th century, the French presence in India was on the decline. Once the only serious challenger to British dominance on the subcontinent, by the 1780s l’Inde Fran?§aise had been reduced to a series of demilitarized and economically neutered stations on the subcontinent’s east coast. Though all of these territories had experienced substantial decline since their mid-18th-century peak, none had fallen so far as Pondicherry. What had once been a thriving and cosmopolitan city had declined to a […]
Brought about by the reforms in the taxation system, the agrarian crisis during the years 1788-1789 became the cause of disorder due to the resulting food shortages. Due to the food shortage, there was an increase in demand for food, which, in turn, resulted with a increase of prices. Because of the reformed tax system, the poor were unable to afford food, thus causing a mass hunger within their social class. As a result, the ones in poverty began forming […]
At the end of the 18th century, France was in ruins. The treasury was empty. The commoners were starving. The King, Louis XVI, the Queen, Marie Antoinette, and many high-ranking nobles lived a lavish lifestyle in a palace called Versailles. Versailles was set apart from the rest of France and because of this, the King and his nobles were out of touch with the common people. The result of this was a growing resentment in the common people for the […]
The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain between the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Its characterized by the transition from an old to new process of manufacturing. It was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to this revolution, manufacturing was often done in peoples homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. (Heller 176) Although prior revolutions […]
The Second World War involved many people all over the world of varying backgrounds. Everyone was watching or fighting this war. In Europe for people who lived in the front lines of this war had limited options on what to do. Mainly these people, especially in France, either conceded to the Germans and tried to survive, or they fought however they could. This varied for everyone, depending on their backgrounds, location, resources, etc. Some were able to physically fight and […]
Was the Reign of Terror legitimized or not? It was important for the transformation. Despite the fact that the Reign of Terror didn’t ensure the privileges of man like the starters of the French Revolution needed, it permitted the military to get triumphs for the French against outer foes, the counterrevolution was quieted ( which was begun in France because of honorability and church), and the incredible discourses of political pioneers, like Robespierre, persuaded the everyday citizens to join the […]
Eleanor Roosevelt was the First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945 and also an active political activist and accomplished a lot of tasks as a Human Rights ambassador. Roosevelt shared her dislike and disappointment about dictatorships with her speech, “The Struggle for Human Rights”. She spoke and made a statement on behalf of the members of United Nations in France to help eliminate the dictatorship and the issues about freedom and tyranny. Roosevelt’s exceptional credentials, strategically planned […]
In 1789 the French Revolution began, which would continue till the late 1790s. The aim of the revolution was to overthrow the monarchy and uproot the system of feudalism, and replace it with ideas of equality, liberty, and fraternity. The French Revolution occurred for various reasons, including poor economic policies, poor leadership, and exploitative political- and social structures.
The political causes of the French Revolution included the autocratic monarchy, bankruptcy, and extravagant spending of royals. An autocratic monarchy means that French society was governed by an all-powerful king or queen, believed to have been given divine right to rule by God. These monarchs were hereditary rulers, which meant that the son or daughter of the monarch would be the next ruler.
As many believed the monarchs to be “representatives of God,” they did not question the orders of their rulers. But this unlimited power of the monarchs soon led to abuse. Under King Louis XIV’s reign, all monarchs could have anyone arrested and imprisoned by the Letter de Cachet. The monarchs did not care for their subjects, as even the innocent could be arrested and imprisoned at any time. This caused anxiety, panic, and fear in France. King Louis XIV was king from 1643 to 1713. After his death, his great-grandson, King Louis XV, became king at the age of five. Both his parents and brother had passed away in 1712. Philippe II was appointed who would govern till he came of age.
When King Louis XV finally took the throne, he was a lazy leader who lacked self-confidence and spent more time with his mistresses than with the affairs of the state. His national policies never had a firm direction. He became known as the “butterfly monarch.”His involvement in the Seven Years’ War (1756 – 1763) drained France’s treasury. While the country was bankrupt and many citizens were impoverished, taxes were generated to sustain a large army. King Louis XV contributed to France’s bankruptcy due to overspending on his luxurious lifestyle and wars. The next leader, Louis XVI (1774 – 1793) reign also set the stage for a revolution.
King Louis XVI is remembered as a simple man, but his wife, Marie Antoinette, lived in the lap of luxury. Louis XVI inherited the kingdom and all the debt of France when he became king. He failed to fix the financial situation. The expensive upkeep of his palace and the unnecessary spending of Marie Antoinette angered the French population. Especially as the tax system excluded nobility from paying tax while the poor paid for the royals’ luxurious lifestyle. King Louis XVI did not want to tax nobility; King Louis was unable to fix France’s financial situation, and his wife continued with her extravagant lifestyle.
While many were starving, the monarchy turned a blind eye. The defective administration of generations of monarchs set the stage for a French Revolution. The poor were no longer willing to pay for the monarchy’s extravagant lifestyles and unwise foreign policies. People were starting to revolt against the idea of “divine rule” and started to question the authority and wisdom of their monarchs.
The second cause of the French Revolution was based on the social structure of France. French society was based on the relics of feudalism, which divided the French population into three classes based on the Estate System. According to the Estate System, people’s status and rights were determined by the estate they owned. The three estates included the clergy, the nobility, and the peasants.The first estate consisted of the clergy, which was subdivided into two groups, the upper and lower clergy. The higher clergy were at the top of the hierarchy in French society, while the lower clergy were impoverished. The higher clergy lived extravagantly, exploiting people and exempt from paying taxes. The lower clergy was also employed as workers of the church, monasteries, and educational institutions, but not in high positions such as the higher clergy. The second estate consisted of the nobility, which included two groups, namely the court nobles and the provincial nobles. They were also exempt from paying taxes.
However, the provincial nobles actually cared for the people, while the court nobles only focused on leading scandalously wealthy lives. The third estate consisted of the peasants, which included the sweepers, farmers, and cobblers. They were the lowest classes in French society, who were forced to pay taxes to sustain the luxurious living of the first and second estates.But besides the unequal taxing given to the third estate, they were also unequally represented in court. The third estate represented 98% of the French population, yet they were outvoted by the first two estates. The third estate fought against this unequal representation. To fight against the current voting system, the Third Estate met on 17 June 1789 alone to change the title of the National Assembly.
Three days later, they met at an indoor tennis court and undertook the Tennis Court Oath, declaring that they would not end their fight until they achieved judicial, fiscal, and governmental reform. On 27 June, after 47 liberal nobles joined the Third Estate’s cause, Louis XVI accepted all three orders into a new assembly. The rise of the third estate against the Estate System and unequal representation due to the class structure also gave rise to the French Revolution. The poor were angered to pay for the luxurious lifestyles of the first and second estates. They were also tired of having 2% of the population veto all their rights and having unequal representation in court even though they made up 98% of French society.
Another cause of the French Revolution was the economic conditions of France. King Louis XIV “Seven Years’ War” left France bankrupt. His foreign policies led to expensive foreign wars, which emptied the coffers of the royal treasury. After his death, he was succeeded by Louis XVI. Firstly, when Louis XVI took the throne, Turgot was appointed Minister of Finance in 1774. Turgot’s first duty was to rid France of its debt. He came up with a solution to appease the peasants and fix France’s financial situation by minimizing the spending of the royal court and imposing taxes on all three estates.
However, Turgot’s solution was dismissed after Marie Antoinette intervened. Turgot was fired, and Necker was appointed as the new Finance Minister in 1776. In 1783, he was also fired. Finally, Calonne was appointed Minister of Finance in 1783. Calonne advised the king to improve France’s financial situation by approaching European banks for a loan. The European banks were not keen to lend money to France, but Calonne was able to obtain a loan. Calonne’s solution proved problematic. When France finally did receive a loan, their debt doubled within three years from 300,000,000 to 600,000,000.
Calonne realized that his solution was not feasible and urged the king to impose taxes on all three classes. Finally, Calonne was also dismissed. King Louis XVI’s economic decisions finally set the stage for the revolution. The monarchy refused to impose taxes on all three estates, while the royals continued living in the lap of luxury. These decisions created economic instability in France. The peasants were angered, as while they were starving, they had to maintain the standard of living for the rich. The economic conditions in France were one of the main reasons for the revolution. Ultimately, there were three main reasons for the French Revolution. The Estate System, economic policies, and autocratic monarchy.
