THE ROME II REGULATION 1 The Rome II regulation is an example of a European Union Regulation that concerns itself with the conflicts of law that are applicable to obligations that are not contractual. As from January 11th 2009, the Rome II regulation was able to create a set of rules that are harmonized within the European Union in regard to a law that would govern the commercial and civil matters of the members of the EU. This is in […]
Since the founding of the European Union (EU) one of the main aims has been to create an internal market in order to promote development and economic growth and to offer its citizens an area of freedom, without internal frontiers, in which free movement of persons is ensured[1]. Amongst the basic fundamental freedoms which the TFEU concedes to EU citizens to reach the above mentioned aims is the freedom of establishment. Together with the other freedoms found in the TFEU […]
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Get help with your assignmentExecutive Summary The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact which the different sources of European Union law has had on the law of the United Kingdom. The general conclusion regarding the inculcation of the United Kingdom into the European Union is that it has brought about considerable effects and changes to the legal framework of the country. The sources of the European Union law could be classified as primary law, secondary law and supplementary law. The impact […]
Title: Discuss the effectiveness of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty in preventing distortions to the operation of the single market ANSWER In The Wealth of Nations [1], published in 1776, Adam Smith reasoned that countries should strive towards the economic goal of a perfectly free market. He argued that a market undistorted by impediments and barriers to the free play of trade would allow the most efficient and successful producers to perform at an optimum capacity and […]
(a) The UK Parliament wishes to challenge the draft Directive on the basis that it infringes the principle of subsidiarity. The UK Parliament has a system of scrutiny committees that are responsible to review the proposal established by the EU Commission. In the given scenario, the draft Directive touches on the area of ‘Research, Technological Development and Space’. According to Article 4 of Lisbon Treaty, the EU and Member States have shared competence in this field, but paragraph 3 further […]
The laws enacted to protect people against discrimination in the workplace would protect the position of Mr Gruffin (Mr G) who probably has a valid argument that he has been discriminated against although more detail would be required in relation to establishing exactly why he has been discriminated against. The main spheres of law which protect his rights in these circumstances exist within the field of anti-discrimination legislation (Selwyn, N. (2006) 1-20). Because Mr G has not been employed for […]
Since the establishment of the European Union (hereinafter ‘EU’) with the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, the accession to it, had been perceived as the cornerstone for a state into a new national economic and political development. The crucial premise of the EU is the incorporation of the EU legal order in its entirety into the state national legal system over which the EU has precedence, in other words, limiting its sovereignty in favour of firming up the integration in the […]
Introduction Each of the member states of the European Union have a constitution of some sort; whether it’s written or otherwise. Most of them have a written constitution (with the United Kingdom being one of the few who doesn’t), and this can cause a great many problems when it comes to EU supremacy if it in any way conflicts with their constitution. Although one of the conditions of membership of the European Union is that member states give priority to […]
Why the system of preliminary rulings in Article 267 TFEU is, and continues to be, important for the development of a coherent EU legal system and the liberalization of the procedure. The system of preliminary rulings provides the European Court of Justice (ECJ) an opportunity to assume an advisory role for other member states. The functioning of the ECJ is described under Article 19 of the Treaty of European Union (TEU) which states that the court must ensure correct interpretation […]
In Greece the government dept and the money owed to pension funds, summing up to 1,2 trillion was becoming a huge burden . All the national services were running on a deficit and they were showing great inefficiency. In addition to this, corruption was obvious in every sector and tax evasion was more than a common practice. Generally Greek banks followed a very conservative strategy and did not invested in high yield assets nor did they get involved in the […]
The Football Industry – The Barclays Premier League The aim of this report is to undertake a detailed strategic analysis of the Manchester United F.C. with regard to its resource capability and competitive positioning, the organisations strategic fit with its environment and its management style with an emphasis on the cultural context of its strategy together (stakeholder expectations). To this end the mission, vision, goals and strategies of the Club will be taken into consideration while strategically evaluating and interpreting […]
Evaluation of Market Structures 2.1 Explain how Economic Systems Attempt to Allocate Resources Effectively: Economic system definition: I will define Economic system as, A system in which a nation allocate its recourses and distribute good and services in the national community to satisfy the needs of the society. The element of economic system is people. government, different sector and different markets, this system answer the three basic economic questions. What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? Effect […]
1. The UK’s rebate negotiations in the financial perspective for 2007-2013 1.1. Introduction This dissertation investigates the evolution of the UK’s positions and preferences during the financial perspective negotiations in 2005 when the UK’s position on its rebate changed. Initially, at the Fontainebleau European Council in 1984, Margaret Thatcher argued that the UK’s share of the budget was too high and therefore she ‘wanted her money back’. A rebate was then agreed, and it was retained for about twenty years, […]
4. Energy and Environmental outlook of Turkey Energy is accepted as a most important factor in economic development. On the other hand environmental impacts of industrial and economical development becomes more evident in recent years. In order to mitigate the environmental effects of industrial and economical development is to take long term solutions for sustainable development. Therefore, this chapter explains the main characteristics of Turkey’s general energy outlook and environmental indicators. It starts begin to lay out the diversity of […]
How has European foreign policy been shaped towards Israel since 1967 The major European powers have been closely linked to Israel from its creation for a combination of reasons. For the British, colonial rule in Palestine and its long established presence across the Arab World have helped shape its outlook and left British governments, sometimes reluctantly, with an obligation to maintain some involvement in the region’s politics and conflicts.. Traditional French involvement in the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon and […]
Chapter 1 Executive Summary This research will look at the adoption of generic medicines in specific three countries in Europe (The Netherlands, Poland and Portugal). These three countries have a significant difference in adoption; the reasons for this adoption difference can be explained by several regulations which are implemented by these countries. In previous research it is proven that regulations have a direct effect on the adoption however, this research will have a closer look which regulations in specific are […]
Abstract This paper is focussed on a reform of the legal order, and in partiucular – reform of the judiciary – as an EU pre-accession condition. I would like to explore to which extent the experience of ‘new’ EU member states, in particular those of the CEE, in reforming their court system, should be used to propose possible solutions for new entrants. Using the example of Ukraine, I would like to identify similarities in attitudes of judges and court staff […]
BACKGROUND: Being a developed economy the European Banking sector is undergoing a process of restricting which may be mainly because of ever permanent trends like disintermediation, deregulation and the ever increasing competition and the very obvious proof of this restricting is the increasing number of mergers and acquisitions. I f we look back we will find out that from the year 1995 to the first half of the year 2000, 2153 mergers and acquisitions were recorded in the European Union […]
INTRODUCTION It is difficult to define exactly what a motorcycle is, because in its many forms it has come to represent many things to many people. From mode of transport, to leisure-pursuit enjoyed by many at the weekend, through to work of art, a consequence of designs expressing automotive elegance and beauty deemed by many to be worthy of a place in galleries worldwide. With its beginnings firmly footed in the latter half of the 19th Century, it is estimated […]
Ireland’s Economic Boom 1 Comparison of Ireland’s (1987-2007) Economic Growth to that of Luxembourg (1985-2001). CHAPTER 1 1.1 Abstract Ireland’s economic transformation from a mere third world agricultural economy to a world-class hi-tech economy remains an issue worth analyzing. As compared to the economic growth of its counterparts in the European Union -for instance Luxembourg in this case- there is a need to analyze a number of factors so as to understand their impact as well as how they engineered […]
1. Introduction In January 2011 several European countries, including Latvia, increased their value added tax for products and services. The VAT base rate rose from 21% to 22% and reduced VAT rates from 10% to 12%. Every time when Latvian ministers make some economical decisions, it leads to anger and disappointment of people. In the current economical times it is jet another pressure on the Latvia’s people. With high unemployment rate in the country and other bad factors such as […]
To what extent is the EMU hampered by inflexible SGP rules 1.0 Introduction: The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) The Stability and Growth Pact is designed to ensure sound public finances and acts as a pre-requisite in achieving long term economic growth. This economic growth can only be achieved through sound monetary and fiscal policies. The policies may come in the form of controlled government expenditures, price stability, optimal interest rates, exchange rates determination, manageable inflation rates and sustainable unemployment […]
Food Processing in Agricultural Regions. Agricultural regions in any country, including the United Kingdom, have historically been seen as poorer neighbours to the more industrialised areas of any particular country (Pierpont 1997). This position has been brought about mainly as a result of the fact that pay, employment opportunity and economic output tends to be lower than other areas of industry. The logistical problem in terms of transport and flexibility of workforce is also a contributory factor. Consequently, many agricultural […]
Opportunities and challenges presented by Globalization :IT Service providers in Continental Europe EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Enterprises within Europe are increasingly trying to seek the advantages of global sourcing. Unlike enterprises in U.S. or U.K., continental European countries have historically been reluctant to engage with offshore providers. The reasons were far stretched, ranging from political sensitivity, labor laws, cultural compatibility and language requirements. Globalization, however, is creating new avenues that European companies can not ignore. A recent report by Gartner shows the […]
Summary Following numerous discussions of the risks associated with biological control, (see Howarth, 1991; Simberloff & Stiling 1996; Thomas & Willis 1998) literature was reviewed in order to investigate whether biological control was an environmentally friendly or a risky business. Although a lack of firm evidence suggests that risks may be ‘perceived’ rather than ‘real’, the release of the biological control agent Harmonia axyridis by countries lacking in regulation has severely damaged biological control’s reputation and ecosystems all over Europe. […]
