To what extent is the EMU hampered by inflexible SGP rules 1.0 Introduction: The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) The Stability and Growth Pact is designed to ensure sound public finances and acts as a pre-requisite in achieving long term economic growth. This economic growth can only be achieved through sound monetary and fiscal policies. […]
Ireland’s Economic Boom 1 Comparison of Ireland’s (1987-2007) Economic Growth to that of Luxembourg (1985-2001). CHAPTER 1 1.1 Abstract Ireland’s economic transformation from a mere third world agricultural economy to a world-class hi-tech economy remains an issue worth analyzing. As compared to the economic growth of its counterparts in the European Union -for instance Luxembourg […]
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Get help with your assigmentINTRODUCTION Fiscal policy refers the setting of the level of government spending and taxation by the government policy makers. It is the combination of taxes and public expenditure to help dampen the swing of the business cycle and contribute to the maintenance of a growing high-employment economy free from high or volatile inflation. In the […]
Introduction However, due to the US housing credit crunch and turbulence in financial markets all over the world immediately took into effect and global economic growth slowed towards the end of the year (O’Brien et al., 2007). Given this basic premise of the current financial crisis, this literature review will be guided by exploring studies […]
Abstract This paper endeavors the relationship and the positive effect between exchange rates and interest rates in Pakistan by utilizing the foreign exchange market and current scenario of increasing interest rates because of increasing exchange rates to represent the economic position of Pakistan. The data by the researcher is all on daily basis for the […]
Financial crisis swept over the world rapidly last three years. The globalisation and the developed of the derivatives have dramatically changed the whole financial market. The rate of global economic growth was continuing decrease. The economy, particularly financial services sectors suffered a critical strike, which a few investment bank, such as Lehman Brothers Holdings went […]
Revisiting The Fisher Hypothesis: The Case Of India CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 CONTEXT OF THE STUDY In 1930 Irving Fisher investigated the relationship between the nominal interest rate, the real interest rate and expected rates of inflation. He discovered that a long-run equilibrium relationship existed between the nominal rate of inflation and expected rate […]
Is low inflation desirable and sustainable? Introduction In business, financial and political circles, inflation is one of the most commonly discussed economic subjects, with arguments regarding the optimum levels appropriate for national and international economies. From the research available, it would appear that the majority of experts, including banking executives, agree that low inflation provides […]
The project involves understanding of Foreign Exchange and Currency Hedging related to Indian Economy. This basically will deal into studying various factors leading to currency movements both domestic as well as international. To understand the importance of Currency Hedging to corporates and business houses, advantages and various shortcomings that they face. The project aims to […]
The financial crisis which broke in August 2007 hit the world’s economy significantly, leading to a widespread and continued recession. Specifically in the UK, the GDP growth rate experienced a drastic decrease from 2.4% in the third quarter of 2007 to the bottom of -5.9% in the second quarter of 2009. The consumer price index […]
This book analyses the Indonesian economy and financial sector since 1968, with special emphasis on the 1971-79 period. The study covers macro-economic developments, financial structures and monetary policies. After thoroughly analyzing the Indonesian formal financial institutions and monetary instruments to control money supply and credit, and interest rate policies, the book develops a short-run monetary […]
Banks are of central importance for economic growth, credit allocation, financial stability, and the competitiveness and development manufacturing and service firms. The structural features of Sweden banking systems have changed significantly over the past 20 years. The increased availability of credit has been the corollary of the dismantling of barriers of trade in Sweden financial […]
Exchange rate is the rate of one currency into another. In other words, it has the value of the currency of another country than their own. If you are traveling to another country, you need to “buy”local currency. Like any asset prices, the exchange rate is the price, you can buy that currency. If you […]
Capital Markets play a vital role in the financial sector of each economy. The primary role of the capital market is to raise long-term funds for governments, banks, and corporations while providing a platform for the trading of securities. An efficient capital market can promote economic growth by attracting domestic and foreign capital. 1.1.2 Karachi […]
Bank for International Settlements is an international organization which fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks. The BIS is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland and its representative offices are in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and in Mexico City. The BIS’s capital is […]
The bank of Italy was formed in 1983 as part of a reorganization of Italy’s banks of issue. In 1926 the essentially public position of the bank was accorded significant recognition, as it became the sole institution authorized to issue banknotes. It was given power of banking supervision that would be strengthened by the 1936 […]
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the main central bank for the 15 countries that are part of the European System of Central Bank (ESCB) or the Eurosystem. The ESCB or Eurosystem consist of the ECB and all the central banks of the member states (national central banks). It has the following basic responsibilities, "to […]
The main purpose of the study is to understand the problems faced by bank in Bahrain as a result of the financial crisis. After a lasting time of instability, the global economy finally started to stabilize in 2009 with the assistance of a considerable amount of intervention from the public which resulted in a mount […]
Use of more than one independent variable in the analysis may cause of multicollinearity problem. The multicollinearity is measured by tolerance and variance of inflation factor (VIF). Tolerance is the proportion of variation in the dependent variable not explained by the model. The tolerance and VIF value showed that there is not much multicollinearity problem […]
On July 24, 2009, Federal Reserve unleashed its recent quantitative easing (QE) campaign. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke declared that the Fed had an "exit strategy." Interestingly, sixteen months later, Bernanke announced the second phase of QE generally known as QE2.A However, this time insteadA ofA pretending an exit strategy, he designed a plan to expand the program in […]
The Bangladeshi stock markets are impulsive for nurture original investment in stock market. Wholly, usual in DSE, there is no theory which we can apply efficiently to prove truthiness. Actually The market which is absolutely not really well-organized in terms of comparative information, and so that is one of the reason government control is no […]
According to the voice of banking and financial services (2013), the UK banking sector is unique due to its remarkable size, efficiency, breadth, dynamism and diversity. In fact, UK banking industry ranks as the third largest, following the USA and Japan. The domestic markets mainly focus on personal and corporate lending, while the international markets […]
Organization:- An organization is a person or group of people intentionally organized to accomplish a common goal or set of goals. Faysal Bank Limited:- Introduction of Faysal Bank Limited:- Faysal Bank Limited was incorporated in Pakistan on October 3, 1994, as a public limited company under the Companies Ordinance, 1984. On January 1, 2002, Al […]
Stock market plays a significant role in the economic growth of a country. Stock exchange performance has an important role in global economics, because of their impact on economic activity. For example stock exchanges allow firms to acquire capital quickly, due to the effortlessness source of traded. Stock exchange activity, therefore, plays a significant role […]
Thailand was regarded as Asia’s Tiger in 1990’s, where the economic situation is thriving. Thailand had a strong growth in Gross Domestic Capital of 11.5% from year 1987-1996. However, Thailand was seriously affected by the Asian Financial turmoil. It is suggested that the great fall during Asian Financial turmoil is mainly caused by the poor […]
Overall objective of public debt management is to reduce the country’s fiscal vulnerability by stabilizing the debt ratio dynamics at some desirable level (Melecky 2007). The traditional approach to public debt management analyzes debt sustainability in the absence of risk. The risk management approach, in contrast, shows that risk is minimized if a debt instrument […]
When interest rates rise, bond prices fall; conversely, rates decline, bond prices rise. The longer the time to a bond’s maturity, the greater its interest rate risks. This risk can be reduced by diversifying the durations of the fixed-income investments that are held at a given time. Interest rate risk affects the value ofA bondsA more directly […]
Abstract Credit works as blood life of any banking institute. This research is based mainly at investigating the impact of credit risk on banking stability, in banking sector lending behavior in Pakistan using data on commercial banks and macroeconomic instability from last decade. Our results under the Co-integration of variables and Correction Modeling framework show […]
There were two group of markets can be found in financial market. They were the capital market and the money market. Although they both come from financial market but they consist of differences. In capital market, we will found the stocks and bond market but in general it is the market for securities where long […]
Over the past few decades, the connection between macroeconomic variables and the movement of stock prices has been a subject of interest among academics and researchers. It is often argued that stock prices are determined by some fundamental macroeconomic variables such as interest rate (Base Lending Rate, BRL), exchange rate, inflation (Consumer Price Index, CPI), […]
