SECTION I – INTRODUCTION The adoption of international financial reporting standards across the European Union from 1st January 2005 is one of the biggest events in the accounting history. This is especially important after the capital markets were rocked by some big accounting frauds in recent years. In the first phase, 7000-plus listed European companies […]
Abstract The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are reviewing their guidelines on lease accounting this year. This paper provides background information on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), FASB and IASB including what their role is in accounting. It details the history of lease accounting for them, changes that […]
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Get startedIntroduction In the year 2005, European Union made it mandatory for all the companies which were listed have to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) requirements when presenting their financial statements. This marked the beginning when International Accounting standard Board (ISAB) was professed as “legitimate’’. Ever since then IFRS has spread swiftly across the […]
Introduction 1.0 Introduction According to Bank Negara Malaysia, Malaysia banking system is divided into 3 main groups which are; 1) monetary institution comprising the Central Bank (Bank Negara), commercial and Islamic financial institutions; 2) non- monetary institutions namely merchant banks, credit and insurance companies, and development banks; and 3) foreign banks representative offices and offshore […]
Prior evidence and hypotheses Based on the theoretical framework primarily concerning information asymmetry, agency problem, signalling theory and political costs theory, many previous studies have attempted to formulate and test several hypotheses on the influencing factors of the company disclosure level. This section will review the findings of several prior researches as well as establishing hypotheses […]
Auditing has been present for years in different stage of development following the evolution of accounting. Starting since the epoch when the records were approved after a public reading, to the era when government’s officials were measured by their honesty. Followed by the times of the industrial revolution were the ownership of companies started separating […]
Chevron Corporation: An Overview 1. Introduction: Chevron is an energy company involved in chemicals operations, petroleum operations, power generation, mining operations of coal and other minerals, and energy services. Chevron Corporation is having its head quarters at 6001, Bollinger Canyon Road, San Ramon, CA 94583, U.S.A. Chevron Corporation latest fiscal year ended on 31st December, […]
Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction 1.1 Market Trend Before the early twentieth century, upholstered furniture was not common household furniture. In the later twentieth century, the household furniture started making headline. In upholstery, there are different types of fabrics and textiles, and there are varieties of product available. 1.2 The Upholstery Markets across the Globe The […]
Foreword The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance were endorsed by OECD Ministers in 1999 and have since become an international benchmark for policy makers, investors, corporations and other stakeholders worldwide. They have advanced the corporate governance agenda and provided specific guidance for legislative and regulatory initiatives in both OECD and non OECD countries. The Financial […]
2. 0 Literature review 2.1 Introduction Literature abounds in polarising this subject matter ‘the benefits of the international reporting standards’. Looking back at the last quarter of the 20th century it will no longer be seen as an evolutionary period global financial market in a bit to introduce a single set of standards that […]
Good corporate governance is the key for the business organization success. Corporate governance explained the rules of governing: board structure, managers’ and boards’ incentive compensation, decision right by the board and the CEO, succession of the board and CEO, shareholder voting, debt/equity finance, disclosure concerning takeover and etc. Thus, the corporate governance can be defined […]
Literature review on creative accounting: Fair value measurement on property, plant and equipment and investment property 1 – Introduction As Blake and Lunt (2000, p.375) rightly surmise within their work on accounting standards, the term “creative accounting,” was originally coined by the media, and it was particularly prevalent around the time of the Enron financial […]
1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The adoption rate of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) has been on the ascendency since its inception in 1973. The number of countries that have adopted IFRS as a basis for financial reporting are more than hundred with others agreeing to converge or adopt it by 2011 (Deloitte, 2008). The […]
1. Introduction Information functions as the core of capital market in the sense that all sides of market participants make decisions based on their accessible information sets. As one of the major sources of information in public equity market, company financial reporting lies in the center of company performance relevant information set and is the […]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As we know that for reward, effort is necessary and for effort, motivation is necessary, same is with the success of this project. It would not have been possible without motivation and proper guidance. So I take the opportunity to thank all those who have motivated me and guided me throughout the entire project. […]
Before starting Research Methods, it is vitally important to understand the real meaning of Research in general. “Research is a planned and methodical approach of finding answers to the questionsâ€?(R Cottrell & J F McKenzie; 2010) It is an organized set of actions and steps which we will follow to achieve our objectives. There are […]
Critical Research Analysis On The Effectiveness Of IT Auditing For Corporate Governance Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Auditing is one of the essential elements for the successful functioning of the business and helps an organization to face the external world with precise information on its business and issues related to accountability. Also, it is […]
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES IN EMERGING CAPITAL MARKETS: THE CASE OF GHANA CHAPTER 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION Corporate governance has dominated the policy agenda in developed market economies since the mid 1990s. The spate of corporate failures and massive government bailouts that have characterised the current global recession has led to an upsurge in the call for […]
Executive Summary The report discusses the relative importance of the Intellectual Capital in the present economy due to the revolution that fosters the propagation of the value creation. The Intellectual Assets of an organisation play a vital role in improving its value and maintaining the competitive advantage. However, these intellectual assets are not capitalised in […]
CHAPTER ONE BACKGROUND OF STUDY 1.1 Introduction Disclosure of information in corporate annual reports has attracted a number of researchers in both developed and developing countries. The voluntary disclosure information in excess of mandatory disclosure, has been receiving an increasing amount of attention in recent accounting studies. Because of the inadequacy of compulsory information, the […]
Justice and the role of accounting What is Justice? Justice means different things to different people. It is very much a culturally determined concept that requires an innate understanding of a particular person or group of people. For the purpose of this research paper justice is defined as “the judgment and process involved with making […]
Abstract Traditional acting practice treat expenses incurred on procurement, development, and maintenance of human resource as revenue expenditure and debit this to profit and loss account but now it is being increasingly realized that this expenses are incurred to get future benefit and as such should be capitalized and reflected in the balance sheet. This […]
Advanced Finance and Decision Makers Table of Contents Introduction Therelationshipbetweenfinancialanalysisandbusinessriskassessmentindecision-making Thepurposeandstructureoffinancialstatementsinrelationtodecisionâ€Âmaking Sourcesoffinanceforshortandlongtermbusinessdecisions Waysinwhichdifferentownershipstructuresinfluencethemeasurementoffinancial performance Importance of ethical, governance and accounting standards in financial reporting business decision making Case Study – Application Conclusion References Introduction: Finance has become one of the major functional departments in an organization. Every organization, irrespective of its size and industry in […]
Auditor’s report Contents Introduction: Responsibilities of audit committee: Audit report: Internal Vs External audit: Relationship: Reporting: Scope of performance: Objective: Audit committee: parts of an audit report: Report title: Introductory paragraph: Scope paragraph: Executive Summary: Opinion paragraph: Auditor’s name: Auditor’s signature: Audit process: Types of audit reports: Unqualified opinion: Qualified opinion: Adverse opinion: Disclaimer […]
Executive summary The executive summary, or statement of purpose, succinctly encapsulates the business’s reason for writing the business plan. It tells the reader what the business want and why, right up front. The summary or statement should be no more than half a page in length and should touch on the following key elements: Financial […]
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT THROUGH FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT’S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: A CASE FOR ELEVEN BARANGAYS IN ILIGAN CITY ABSTRACT This study was conducted in order to evaluate the financial administration of local governments in Iligan City. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Along with the constant allocation of the government with substantial budget towards its local government units […]
Implementing Sarbanes-Oxley within an Environment: Understanding the controls used to implement Sarbanes-Oxley within an environment Recent high-profile corporate scandals (Enron, WorldCom, Tyco and Arthur Andersen etc.) have shattered the trust, of shareholders, legislators and authorities, in major publicly traded companies and have raised concerns for the state of corporate governance, not only in the United […]
What are the four major types of firm in the U.S, how are they defined, and what are the key differences between them? In sole proprietorships, the business is owned by a single owner. In partnerships, business is owned and run by more than one owner. In a limited liability company, partners own the company […]
1. Introduction Businesses have never been as globalised as they are today. Numerous corporations from developed, newly industrialised and developing countries operate on a global basis and need to create financial statements using the accounting practices of their home country, as well as those existing in their areas of operations. The divergence in accounting practices […]
This report aim to evaluate two food retailers under two different account standar GAAP and IFRS and prepare appropriate recommendations to the an investor wishing to invest for maximum capital growth in the longer term. Background Analysis and ratio analysis are employed. 1.Background Analysis 1.1Tesco 1.1.1 Tesco’s History In 1919 Tesco was established in East […]
