INTRODUCTION 1. The world economy went into a steep recession in the last three months of 2008 with global real GDP dropping at a 6 percent annual rate[2]. This was clearly the worst decline in world output and also in world industrial production and world trade of the post World War II era, with virtually […]
Modern Finance and the Transformation of Financial Systems: Key Considerations for Egypt In Light of the Global Crisis ABSTRACT This paper considers the impact of ‘modern’ financial mechanisms on the transformation of financial systems from the viewpoint of political economy of finance in light of the global crisis. Over the last three decades, many financing […]
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Get startedIntroduction On July 18th, 2007, while referring to adjustable rate mortgages (ARM) (also known as subprime mortgages) bonds, an executive of the Fitch’s residential mortgage group said “We continue to be confident that “AAA” ratings reflect the high credit quality of those bonds”. Since then, between 2008 and 2009, 140 US banks declared bankruptcy while […]
Introduction However, due to the US housing credit crunch and turbulence in financial markets all over the world immediately took into effect and global economic growth slowed towards the end of the year (O’Brien et al., 2007). Given this basic premise of the current financial crisis, this literature review will be guided by exploring studies […]
Chapter 1 : Introduction A Swap is a derivative in which two counterparties agree to exchange one stream of cash flow against another stream. Swaps can be used to create unfunded exposures to an underlying asset, since counterparties can earn the profit or loss from movements in price without having to post the notional amount […]
Credit risk management in the UK banking sector Background 3 Literature Review 7 Ascertaining why and how banking credit risk exposure is evolving recently 8 Seeing how banks use credit risk evaluation and assessment tools to mitigate their credit risk exposure 11 The steps and methodologies used by banks to identify, plan, map out, define […]
The entire world is now in the grip of financial crisis which is most severe since the Great Depression 1930s. It has taken about $3 trillion of bailout and liquidity injecting by number of countries to lessen the intensity of the crisis. Hence, there is a need to restructure the financial world that would help […]
Introduction Overview: In this dissertation report, I discuss the current situation of the major UK banking institutions in face of the credit crunch and the recessionary economic conditions. It represents an analysis of the main trends in the performance of five major UK banks: the Royal Bank of Scotland, Northern Rock, Barclays, Lloyds Banking Group […]
The Intermediation Process and the Allocation of Resources The importance of the financial system in facilitating economic development cannot be overstated. Banks and other financial institutions have a key role in the efficient allocation of resources and as such, sound financial systems are systemically important to the economic viability of a country. The Asian Financial […]
LITERATURE REVIEW The first study on momentum based investment strategy was documented way back in 1967. Levi (1967) claims the success of trading strategy based on buying stock with current price significantly higher than the average of last 27 weeks generate significant positive abnormal returns. However Jensen & Bennington (1970) argues that the trading rule […]
1. Introduction "Beware of little expenses. A small leak can sink a great ship,” some may evoke as being the famous words of Benjamin Franklin. (Hodges 2008) These judicious words very nearly summarize what has been witnessed in the financial markets since the summer of 2007. The exposure of a number of global finance institutions […]
Executive Summary: Businesses facing decisions about risk every day. From equipment purchases to new hires to acquisitions and closures, each business decisions are relevant with risk. The key aspect of making the right business decisions comes from determining the balance between risk and reward. Companies that expose themselves to high risks with minimal rewards can […]
In its 2007, August 13 issue Business Week magazine called it the “Bonfire of the Builders”. Signalling what was already becoming the cause of a major financial crisis in the global markets. After the dot com bubble burst in the 2001 the U.S. was seen by many analysts as going through one of its worst […]
Let us recap the previous chapters, we had cheap global debt searching for high returns and this search was channeled into a deregulated market by the innovation of complex financial instruments based on the elements of uncertainty, compounding interest and speculation. Subprime mortgage crisis was the result of a market that was too prone to […]
Commercial property is one of the major sources of business in this competitive world. If we own or rent office space, property costs will be the largest business overhead expenses along with the unknown price movements of these properties due to some micro and macro economic factors such as inflation, GDP, interest rates etc. For […]
Most of the tools and methods which are required to be used in this research thesis are detailed in several papers of ACCA curriculum. However, after learning those tools, I did little to practice and apply them in real world scenarios. This research report provides me with an opportunity to apply those tools and methods […]
A financial crisis is a disruption to financial markets in which adverse selection and moral hazard problems become much worse, so that financial markets are unable to efficiently channel funds to those who have the most productive investment opportunities (Mishkin, 1992,p. 115). The term "financial crisis" describes the several situations where financial institutions lose their […]
Factors that led the US Economy to the Financial Crisis of 2007 and the Mechanisms of Transmission to a Worldwide Crisis During these last few years the most important economic event has affected the worldwide economy has been the financial crisis. There is no precise definition of financial crisis, but a common view is that […]
Recent Global Financial Crisis had a devastating affect on the entire Global Business. This Global Crisis crashes the key businesses, turn down the consumer wealth in the billions of Dollars, and a significant decline in economic movement. Experts have been pointed on so many reasons and they have been proposed so many causes. There are […]
From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve made the interest rate target to 1%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and of the 911 terrorist attacks. On the other hand, Globalization and trade imbalances made up the large inflows of money into the U.S. from high savings […]
It is said that when the U.S. sneezes everyone catches a cold. This motto has never been truer than nowadays when the world economy is struggling with one of the biggest financial crises ever. Such a crisis happened after risky loans granted in the U.S. reached alarming proportions. The US financial sector entered a grave […]
The U.S public policy which encouraged home ownership related the financial crisis. This led to the extension of mortgage lending which term sub-prime mortgages to unqualified credit requirement people. A dramatic rise in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the United States triggered the ongoing financial crisis (Causes of Financial Crisis 2007-2010). Complex financial securities, less […]
The financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 in the U.S.A and U.K. has quickly expanded to the developed world and become a global financial crisis which led economies into recession. Financial crisis create weaknesses to different bank models. Banks went to bankruptcy and disappeared from banking scene or rescued by governments. By […]
Introduction Lehman Brothers, the America’s fourth-largest investment bank, declared the largest bankruptcy in the United States history on 15 September 2008. The fall of Lehman Brothers rattled the global market and led to a great drop in the United States stock market the day after the announcement and ultimately, the financial tsunami. Lehman Brothers had […]
Subprime crisis, the turmoil on mortgage markets has claimed several causalities. Banks have transferred risks to special entities SIVs and SPVs. This practice has given the impression that the credit risk has been transferred from banks to investors. In traditional banking loans were kept in on bank´s balance sheets. Now the complete process of originates […]
The stock price plunge and the severe credit crunch we are watching today in the global financial markets are byproducts of the developments in the US six years ago. In late 2001, fears of global terror attacks after 9/11 shook an already struggling US economy, one that was just beginning to come out of the […]
On 7th December 2006, Own It Mortgage Solution Inc., the 100 percent institution that give loan to customer and owned by Merrill Lynch & Co., had decided to close down and told 800 workers not to come to work by next day (Keoun, 2006). At the end of February 2007, HSBC Finance, one of the […]
Throughout the history of financial crises, prudential regulators and central banks have been considerably involved in developing a wide spectrum of regulatory tools to ensure the smooth functioning of the banking sector and maintain financial stability. Deposit insurance, Lender of Last Resort (LLR), prudential regulation and supervision have been extensively discussed in academic and literature […]
The world economy has been challenged by different financial and economic crisis over the last two decades. All over, we witnessed a fall in the stock markets, huge financial institutions fell or were bought out and even the wealthiest of governments had to come up with rescue packages to get these financial systems out of […]
In 2006, a boom in U.S. housing prices abruptly reverses course; between the fourth quarter of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006, median U.S. housing prices fall 3.3 percent. These declines accelerate in 2007. The downturn prompts a collapse of the U.S. subprime mortgage industry, which offered loans to individuals with poor credit or […]
