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Machiavelli Thucydides Comparison

Many are familiar with gripping and entertaining series such as the political drama House of Cards, or films such as Hunger Games, or literary works such as Game of Thrones. Few are able to see the parallels presented before them in every day sports, news media, politics, and entertainment. Real life dramas are being played out on the world stage, and no media business model (liberal or conservative) is missing out on the ability to shape and direct the public […]

The American and French Revolution: which is more Revolutionary

Revolutions have changed the world as we know it today. In order for a revolution to occur, you need to unite a group of people around a common purpose for which you are trying to achieve. Seeing as a revolution is defined as a period or instance of significant change or radical alteration and revolutionary being defined as involving or constituting radical change according to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th. Ed.), this leads us to ask, what so called […]

The Constitution of India is a Role Model for the World

The ancient India burden has a republic system here the Republic of Malva and Lichivi existed. At that time the councils and committees were working with local citizens like today’s local governments. It is our reputation for bringing our loose India into communal form and making it again a secular republic state. The leaders and the constitution are credited to the creators. The concepts of the republic are democratic values and it is the source of the Constitution to make […]

Justification of the American Revolution

Justification of the American Revolution In the mid-1700s, the thirteen American colonies launched an uprising which was aimed at gaining independence from Britain. The Americans were questioning Britain’s authority and this had begun as early as the French and Indian war . The Americans were in every right, aspect as well as mind to take action against the British. The choice of rebelling against the British through launching a war against them was the only choice they had. The diplomatic […]

Citizen Organizing

When you live in a city, you are recognized as a citizen. From Ancient Greece, Aristotle, the father of political science, considered you a citizen if you had an active part in the states’ government. From the textbook, We The People, by Thomas E. Patterson, introduces the responsibilities of becoming a citizen at the beginning of the book. From this book, a couple of tips that may help enhance your feelings of citizenship and activate your engagement in the community […]

Citizenship: a Comparative Study of India and Nepal

Introduction During the last century, the concept of citizenship has witnessed a growing interest after it almost went out of vogue. A plethora of literature during this period has been written during this period which has led to it becoming a ‘cluster concept’ by interaction of other similar concepts. This body of literature runs on the same undercurrent of redefining citizenship owing to the changed circumstances of its return. Earlier, the concept of citizenship was state-centric. Previously states attempted to […]

Free World against Communist Block

The topic that I chose to write about is the Cold War. This war was between the USA “Free World” and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) “communist Block” lasted from 1947 to 1991. Basically, there were tensions between the two nations because they were both feeling threatened by each other’s advances in nuclear weapons. For all of the years that we were in the cold war, it was just a big competition between the two. Both made propaganda […]

The Failures of Communism

Communism is a terrible ideology that prevents the deserved freedoms of those living under that country’s rule, leaving behind distressed civilians and a corrupt sovereignty. The word is originated from comun in the French language, meaning common, or community. Communism comes in different forms, whether it is just a mere social label or a pure following of certain degrees; however any form is mutually unhealthy. The leading source of distress within a communistic state or nation is due to the […]

Taming Democracy

The American Revolution, how did it effect America? How did it evolve if it did? Before we answer any of those questions we must first answer the question of what the American revolution really was. The American revolution was something that some believed was inevitable due to the fact that the British government tried to rule over the American colonies from a distance and not really trying to hear what the colonist had to say about the way they wanted […]

Media in Democracy

We probably all agree that we are going through an unprecedented period in the history of our country. There is a lot of talk about the democratization of the United States, about the role of information in the formation of public opinion, of the electoral campaigns, about the campaign strategies in the presidential elections, and even the role played is praised by the media in relation to having propitiated our definitive entrance to democracy. Do not forget that, although this […]

Democracy VS Communism

Governance refers to the rules, norms, as well as values used by political leaders in managing public affairs. However, while some leaders argue that a democratic government is the best, others feel that a communism administration is the most suitable form of governance. Through democracy, citizens enjoy numerous benefits such as transparency, inclusivity, and greater freedom that make it the best type of governance. One of the advantages of a country governed under the principles of democracy is that it […]

The Weakness of Liberal Democracy

As the title suggests, liberal democracy has weakness in its system that destroys itself. Brazil’s election came in favor of Mr. Bolsonaro, a right-wing advocate who supports violence, abuse of women, and ignorance of the minority. Within that same time frame, Angela Merkel who practically represents peace and stability in Germany has announced that she will not run again. A pattern starts to emerge. Right winged politicians start to gain popularity and fame when there is a time of crisis […]

The Theories of Democracy

July 4, 1776 was the date that the United States of America gained its freedom from the monarchy of Great Britain. The U.S. citizens could not take anymore of King George III’s rule and fought for a different government system, one where they could have a voice and independence. The U.S. was founded based upon these desires and therefore they formed a democracy. The question however, is which kind of democracy did the U.S. become? There are three theories of […]

The Founding Fathers Democratic Reformers

Based on the views of the two it is clear that they provide it based on whether or not the founding father were democratic reformers at all. Between this two arguments, the young case gives out a more convincing evidence based on the same matter. John p. Roche on the other side opposes that the founding fathers were unconditionally and full self-governing reformers and that their starting point created a constitution which was used to subsidy the nation but at […]

Does Machiavelli Reduce Politics to Force?

In this essay, I assess whether Machiavelli reduces politics to force.A To construct a response to this, it is necessary to explore what “force” means, since “force” is a philosophically weak concept.A In order to understand “force” as a philosophical concept, we need to separate the concepts of authority and power.A With a clear concept of what we mean by power and how it differs from authority, it becomes possible to discuss whether Machiavelli reduces politics to force.A Once the […]

The Main Differences between Classical Realism and Neo-Realism

Introduction Realism has become a foremost theory within international relations over six decades. Its contemporary construction is attributed to Hans Morgenthau and his work in the late 1940s. Morgenthau utilised previous works from scholars and strategists, which include, Ancient Greek scholar Thucydides, Machiavelli, Hobbes and his notions of the anarchic state, and the 1939 work of E.H Carr. Realism became the primary theory as the discipline of International Relations blossomed, forming political hypothesis based on its philosophies, such as Real […]

The Evolution and Analysis of the Principle of Legitimate Expectation

I. Introduction “A man should keep his words. All the more so when promise is not a bare promise but is made with the intention that the other party should act upon it”[1] A law cannot be found upon mere trust and expectations, no matter how reasonable it may sound. For the individuals to act on the law, the law has to be concrete and defined. Therefore, laws are codified and precedents are established, to bring about the union of […]

The Doctrine of the Immunity of the Crown in the UK and India

INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES PROJECT ABSTRACT Statutes Affecting the Crown/State The general English rule is that the “king is above the law” and all statutes are meant for the subjects only and the crown is not bound by them. The rule of Common Law ‘Roy n’est lie per ascun statute, si il ne soit expressment nosme’ meaning the statutes neither control the crown nor the rights or properties of the crown, unless expressly or by necessity or by implication is named […]

The Capacity of the European Arrest Warrant

Critically discuss the capacity of the European Arrest Warrant to diminish traditional values of legitimacy and due process in criminal justice Judicial cooperation is regarded as one of the main focus of the European Union (EU) integration in criminal matters. In the past decade we have seen revolutionary introductions of new mechanisms in the field that have reformed EU criminal cooperation and have favourably developed the EU into an area of security, freedom and justice. The pioneer initiative in this […]

Separation of Powers in Australia

1. Explain the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers and how it operates in Australia. The doctrine of the separation of powers is a political system used in Australia, where the institutions of government are divided into three main branches. These include the executive, legislative, and judicial (Greenfeld, 2012). The legislature includes the parliament that is responsible of making the laws of the country. The executive includes the ministries that are responsible of putting the laws made by the legislature […]

Should Economic Efficiency be the Primary Consideration for Competition Law?

It is widely accepted that economic efficiency is the primary consideration and legitimate doctrine when contemplating the goal of competition law. This is agreed upon by both legal and economist scholars. [1] Economic efficiency brings about monumental benefits; it stimulates the economy, reduces the prices of products, and improves development innovation and creativity, creating new sources of capital.[2] Schweitzer has argued that competition law can never stand alone with just economic efficiency in a democratic society. The inclusion of public […]

Parliament as a Check on Government

Scrutinising the executive is one of the imperative duties of the UK Parliament. It ‘seeks to limit and control the exercise of power by making those who hold the power- the executive- directly and constitutionally responsible to the legislature’. [1] Thus, it monitors power balance by implementing adequate checks and balances of the activities undertaken by the executive. Such measures subjecting the government to different, critical types of scrutiny are necessary to form a coherent, effective and stable authority in […]

Power Must Never be Trusted Without a Check

“Power must never be trusted without a check”-John Adams. When a government is to be formed, one of the major concerns of the forefathers of a nation is that there is enough liberty given to each organ of the state so as to ensure their proper functioning and liberty, the government is supposed to be divided into three separate organs (the legislature, the executive and the judiciary )with a special system of ‘checks and balances’. This was the system proposed […]

Law and Morality

“The ultimate basis for adhering to the positive thesis of the conceptual differentiation of law and morals is itself a moral reason. The point is to make sure that it is always open to the theorist and the ordinary person to retain a critical moral stance in face of the law which is.” (MacCormick). Introduction This discussion focuses on the relationship between law and morality and the conceptual differentiation of the two paradigms. It is appropriate to begin with a […]

Introduction to Law

Law of Constitutional Constitutions may be ‘written’ or ‘unwritten’, and unlike the majority of states, the British constitution is largely unwritten and uncondified. Allied to their written or unwritten character, constitutions may also be classified as rigid or flexible. A rigid constitution is one in which amendment is very difficult, requiring special procedures to be employed before any changes can be made. By contrast, the British constitution is essentially flexible. Parliament – the supreme law-making body within the United Kingdom […]

Introduction to Legal Theory

Legal theory is a primary subject which could serve as the basis for law and due to its vast theorists and their ideas such as natural law, legal positivism, utilitarianism and feminism, this essay will explain legal theory, legal research and the importance of legal theory and how it is linked to legal research, it will also discuss various theorists and the essay will go further to show the relationship between legal theory and law. Firstly, legal theory can be […]

Is it Necessary for a Country to be Governed by a Constitution?

Introduction Black’s Law dictionary defines the constitution as “the fundamental and organic law of a nation or state that establishes the institutions and apparatus of government, defines the scope of governmental sovereign powers, and guarantees individual civil rights and civil liberties.”[1] Constitutions are classified as written or unwritten, flexible or rigid. Although ancient laws have always been there, the oldest known constitution which best exemplify the modern constitution is the Code of Hammurabi which was first discovered in 1902 but […]

Human Rights as an Imperial Corporate Responsibility

Human Rights as an Imperial Corporate Responsibility It has been argued, time and again, that human rights have the potential to function as the new tool of civilization – that they are motivated by international political and economic aims. I attempt to synthesize and visualize these critiques in the context of the human rights industry – an institutionalized market that seeks to capitalize on the plight of the suffering. The rhetoric of corporate social responsibility campaigns bears a striking resemblance, […]

How do we Safeguard Human Rights?

‘Safeguarding Human Rights lies less in new laws, than in new interpretations’. Discuss with reference to the United States and the United Kingdom Introduction Both sides of the proposition posed in the title question are fraught with difficulty. Human history, particularly as it unfolded in the twentieth century, confirmed that national and supranational treaties and legislation, no matter how compellingly drafted or extensively ratified, was a thin safeguard against human rights abuses. Versailles, the Yalta Conference, the United Nations Declaration […]

Legistlative Provisions and UK Courts

Abstract: UK as a Western Liberal state could be rightly described as pro human rights actor in terms of its membership with the UNO and EU. Both the UN and UNO have enshrined Human Rights in its Charter and Convention respectively. However, until 1998 the UK did not have a separate legislation for Human Rights and one known reason for its long delay was found in its parliamentary supremacy concept which stresses that the Parliament is not bound by any […]

Political Science Essays