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Introduction of Financial Management

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Introduction The literature review is to provide the relevant information regarding the topic through observing, identifying, and gathering from journals which revised from past researchers. In this section, the variables including financial planning budgeting, savings, investment, gaining financial knowledge, changing overspending habits, debt management, effective personal financial management, and quality of lifestyles. 2.2 Introduction of Financial Management Financial management is the process of managing the financial resources, including budgeting costing, accounting and financial reporting […]

History and Growth of Sainsburys Plc

J Sainsbury plc is a UK based food retailer with business interest in financial services. The Company’s principal activities are grocery, related retailing and financial services. Its businesses are organized into three operating segments: Retailing (Supermarkets and Convenience); Financial services (Sainsbury’s Bank joint venture), and Property investment (British Land joint venture and Land Securities joint venture). It operates a total of 872 stores comprising 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience stores which consists of Sainsbury’s Supermarkets, Sainsbury’s Local, Bells Stores, Jacksons […]

How Important is Finance to a Company

Finance is important to any company, because enough capital ensure the smooth operation of company. Faced many kinds of way to finance, company must choose a reasonable method. Debt can cut down the cost of capital but increase the risk as well. Equity has low risk but high cost. So by analyzing the capital gearing is important. Beside, the WACC also can assess the financial condition. As an international mining company, Xstrata pay great attention to the strategy of finance. […]

Global Financial Crisis-causes and Remedies

Introduction After the collapse of the twin towers and the tech bubble the American economy was in dire need of a stimulus. The Fed under Alan Greenspan reacted to this crisis by pumping liquidity into the system. This response would have worked well under normal circumstances, since it helps in the growth of the economy, however since due to previous overinvestments in the economy the extra money was not put to productive use. The central role that finance plays in […]

Financial Markets and the Economy

In Greece the government dept and the money owed to pension funds, summing up to 1,2 trillion was becoming a huge burden . All the national services were running on a deficit and they were showing great inefficiency. In addition to this, corruption was obvious in every sector and tax evasion was more than a common practice. Generally Greek banks followed a very conservative strategy and did not invested in high yield assets nor did they get involved in the […]

Financial Performance and Analysis of Sainsbury Plc

Supermarket cell J Sainsbury Plc was established in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury in the UK. The business was started in weak circumstances but it took a short period to be known as qualitative food market providing affordable prices. From 1882 the company started to sell products under its label. Since, there has been a considerable increase in the number of shops. At present Sainsbury’s owns 872 selling objects in progressive sites, which are selling around 30,000 […]

Financial Analysis of Ryanair and British Airways

3. Financial analysis The purpose of financial analysis is to determine the financial health of a business. Generally, this analysis is performed by the professionals who prepare reports using the ratios taken from various financial reports. The financial ratios calculated are also helpful to compare with different business. The following analysis studies the four major financial positions of BA and Ryan air; Profitability, Efficiency, Liquidity and Financial gearing. 3.1 Profitability: It is the primary goal for any business, without this […]

Financial Analysis of the Worldwide Performance of Starbucks

The aim of this financial analysis of Starbucks is to obtain a deep knowledge of annual financial reports and other corporate information, which can provide us measurable conclusions about the company. It is essential to understand the nature of company’s business, by analyzing its economic and financial environment and strategy choices made in the past. This report will begin with industry and company description, followed by financial performance overview and projection of company development over the next two years. Conclusions […]

Financial Analysis on Severn Trent PLC, being Compared with United Utilities

Trend Analysis The annual reports indicate that Severn Trent has experienced a steady rise in revenue over the period, with the exception of 2006 to 2007, when revenue fell by a third. This fall in revenue was due to the demerger of Biffa Plc, the waste collection and management company; as well as the sale of Severn Trent Property and US Laboratories. In addition, over the period from 2004 to 2007, the company’s total equity fell by around 50% as […]

Finance Analysis of United Utilities and Bristol Water

Title: A comparative financial analysis of United Utilities and Bristol Water to determine who is in the financially healthier position – focusing on the interpretation of the figures (what they mean now and in the future) and interpretation (what they mean now and for the future) of key ratios applied. Financial Health A company’s financial health is defined as the state of its finances at a particular time. It is measured by taking a snapshot of its assets and liabilities […]

Factoring Accounts Receivables into Business Finance

In short term financing, factoring forms an important part. Factoring is a financial transaction whereby a business sells most of its accounts receivable to a third party who is called a factor at a discount in exchange for immediate money with which to finance continued business. In pledging accounts receivables, the firm retains title to the receivables whereas in factoring of account receivables are transferred titles by selling them. Factoring differs from a bank loan in 2 main ways. First, […]

Factors in Capital Structuring

1. Introduction The structuring of corporate finance is an issue of vital importance for all companies engaged in business. These companies require capital to start and run their businesses and while they are primarily guided in their decisions by financial and profit objectives, they also remain constrained by the uncertain risks which arise from remaining in the marketplace. Companies are financed by three avenues, equity funds provided by shareholders, internal profit generation and debt funds provided by outside lenders. Funding […]

The Danger of Giving your Personal Guarantee

In order to support a borrowing request, the directors of a limited company may offer to provide personal guarantees. What issues should you be aware of when taking these guarantees and how would you address any concerns? The support for guarantees provided by directors has changed a lot since the early days of banking. Whilst it used to be acceptable for a level of trust and a personal relationship to be enough for security for a bank, these days the […]

Different Types of Corporate Governance Structures in Market

Corporate governance structures today in most market based economies apply the separation of ownership from control model in large corporations and firms. This can be said to occur where ownership has been progressively diluted from complete ownership to minority control (Clarke, 2007). Much of this concept, particularly with regard to large corporations, directly results in an agency relationship between the owners (shareholders) and the controllers (managers) and it is from this concept that the agency theory in corporate governance arises. […]

Discuss Future for the Securitization of Commercial Property

Commercial property is one of the major sources of business in this competitive world. If we own or rent office space, property costs will be the largest business overhead expenses along with the unknown price movements of these properties due to some micro and macro economic factors such as inflation, GDP, interest rates etc. For these reasons securitization of these assets are given more importance. Commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS) The CMBS are debt securities that use commercial assets as […]

DATA and MEASUREMENT of VARIABLES WITHIN the ECONOMY

We form our variables using data derived from the financial statements contained in the Stock Exchange and company’s websites. Our sample consists of all Oil and Gas Marketing companies listed with Stock Exchange. Following Table will make you understand about the Variables, Determinants, Measures and their references using the same measure. Determinants Measures used Some refrence using the same measures LEV(Leverage) Total Liability – Equity ÷ Total Assets Waliullah&Muhammad Nishat (2008), NikolaosEriotisDimitriosVasiliou and Zoe Ventoura-Neokosmidi(2007,Rajan and Zingales(1995), Shah and Hijaz(2004), […]

Contemporary Trends in Corporate Finance

Brief: 194364 Title: Contemporary trends in corporate finance This report looks at the contemporary trends in corporate finance in the UK. The major trends and their implications are analysed below. Major trends in corporate finance Growth in private equity Private equity has grown rapidly over the last decade. Private equity has grown both in number of deals it is involved in and also the size of companies being taken private. In UK, a consortium led by CVC is bidding for […]

Cost of Capital and Equity Example for Free

A firm or a business can source its capital either by raising debt or through equity. The composition in which the firm finances its assets through debt or equity forms the Capital Structure of a firm. Therefore , when we talk about a company’s capital structure we are basically talking about how a company has set up its financing. This can be seen at the right side of the balance sheet of a company. A company can finance itself by […]

Risks Profile and Hedging Example for Free

F J Benjamin Holdings Ltd listed on the Singapore Exchange on 14 November 1996, founded in 1959 headquarters in Singapore and it has offices in nine cities with more than 2000 employees. This Company is one of the leaders in building and management, and development system of retail and distribution networks for international luxury and lifestyle brands across Asia. The company participates in importing, exporting, licensing, distribution and retailing of consumer fashion wear and accessories household furnishing, timepieces, eyewear and […]

Evaluating the Financial Results Example for Free

Over the past year, both the retail investment and occupational environment have been more challenging by the twin impacts of austerity at home and the debt crisis in Europe (British Land, 2012). General retailers, who sell a wide variety of goods to the public, are now facing a historically difficult situation due to the retail market in the UK continues to undergo significant change. Based on their 2011 and 2012 annual reports, five British companies operating worldwide will be analysed […]

The Toys and Games Industry in the UK Example for Free

Games Workshop PLC (GAW) and Hornby PLC (HRN) are UK based companies operating in the Toys and Games Industry under the leisure market. HRN is a UK brand leader in the model railway hobby. Frank Hornby, the company’s founder, established ‘Meccano Ltd’ in 1907 which become the classic toys of all time. In 1920 it introduced the toy trains and thereafter, the innovations followed. In 1986 it became a public company and now it is just called ‘Hornby’ and rightly […]

Gamuda Berhad and Wct Berhad Example for Free

Accounting Ratios are the ratios show the relationship between accounting data in a balance sheet, profit and loss account in a particular organization. The accounting ratios are used to measure the performance in an organization. There are five different categories for calculating five different aspects of the business performance, it is profitability of company, liquidity of company, asset management of company, debts management and capital gearing of company, and market value of investment to ordinary shareholders/common stockholders. First, profitability of […]

Financial Performance of Marks and Spencers Example for Free

CURRENT RATIO The current ratio tells us about the liquidity of the company. It is the ratio which tells us the company’s ability to pay off its liabilities using the current assets in case the company is liquidated. Higher the current ratio, the better it is. Marks and Spencer’s current ratio is on the lower side year by year from the year 2010-2009 in comparison with rivals such as Tesco Plc and this ratio indicates a higher margin of safety […]

Business Valuation Example for Free

Formerly called Trinity Labs, Torrent pharmaceuticals is one of India’s leading pharmaceutical companies with an annual turnover of about 930 crores worldwide. It is now a fast-growing company after shaking off the sluggishness of past few years. It has recently established a new manufacturing facility in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh both as a means of expanding production and to take advantage of its low-cost production environment by shifting existing production capacity. Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is one of the most renowned companies […]

Capital Structure is Irrelevant for Studying Corporate Finance Example for Free

What is capital structure? Capital structure is the mixture of sources of funds in cluding long-term debt, specific short-term debt, common equity and preferred equity but excluding all short term credit.. Leverage firm means that firm uses to finance its assets. A firm with a lot of debt in its capital structure is said to be highly levered. A firm with no debt, it is called unleveraged. Difference industies have difference capital structure. Optimal capital structure is how to balance […]

Bamburi Cement Company Example for Free

Bamburi Cement Ltd. (Bamburi Cement) is a Kenya based cement production company. Bamburi Cement, through its subsidiaries is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of cement and cement related products, which include the Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement and Portland limestone cement. The companyA´s products are marketed under various brand names which include Power Plus Cement, Nguvu Cement, Supaset, Multi Purpose and Plasta Plus. Bamburi Cement also owns and manages a world class nature and environmental park that was […]

Background on Islamic Banking Example for Free

Since the 1970s, Islamic banking has emerged as a new reality in the international financial scene. Its philosophies and principles are however, not new, having been outlined in the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) more than 1,400 years ago. The emergence of Islamic banking is often related to the revival of Islam and the desire of Muslim to live all aspects of their live in accordance with the teachings of Islam. The Islamic Banking System (IBS) […]

Bankruptcy Card Debts Young Executives Example for Free

Background of the study The raise of credit card ownership and usage has been devastating around the globe. A credit card is a system of payment named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system and is different from a debit card in that it does not remove money from the user’s account after every transaction. The increasing of the credit card due to many reasons which one of it stated by Watkins (2000), which is credit […]

Financial Decisions Example for Free

The concept of cost of capital has been used in capital budgeting as the discounted rate or the minimum required rate of return. The cost of capital is the minimum required rate of return; a project must earn in order to cover the cost of raising funds being used by the firm in financing of the proposal. This can be substantiated as These funds can be procured from different types of investors i.e. equity share e funds investors depends upon […]

Free Transactions how would Work Example for Free

Nowadays, interest -free banking transaction is started getting popular and popular among many countries. The concept of interest free banking is first derived from Islamic banking. People might think that how can a bank to be survive if it does not charge any interest on the loan? But yet, there are evidences show that bank still can operate successfully based on interest free transaction for example Islamic bank. At basic, “Muslims” in Islamic banking are omitted from receiving or paying […]

Debt Essays