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The Use of Financial Statements

The use of financial statements to show the states of affairs of an undertaking is crucial in the quest of satisfying many a stakeholder. The government expects tax payments whose calculation depends on an accurate statement, while shareholders await for dividends declared on the basis of the results of the financial statements and potential investors also view this as a document that provides guidance as to when, how and where to invest their money. The accuracy of the statement is […]

The Sampling and Data Collection Procedures Used in Market Research

This study is based on 60 monthly observations from April 2005 to March 2010 inclusive. The period was chosen to provide enough observations to obtain reliable parameter estimates. The totality of the data was obtained from Yahoo Finance, Bank of England, and Office for National Statistics. Despite that historical Stock data is available on daily, weekly and monthly basis; monthly data was obtained because historical data for some other independent variables like inflation and money supply were only available monthly. […]

The Sources of Finance Available to an Organization

Sources of Finance Finance is essential for a business’s operation, development and expansion. Finance is the core limiting factor for most businesses and therefore it is crucial for businesses to manage their financial resources properly. Finance is available to a business from a variety of sources both internal and external. Internal sources of finance Funds which are available within the organisation and consist of: Personal savings Business borrows personal money of a shareholder, partner or owner for a business’s financial […]

The Monetary Policy

Monetary Policy is the best available tool for the countries to averse the effect of any thing worse happen like financial crisis. Mr. Ben Bernanke, who is the President of the United States Federal Reserves, also announced a monetary policy to stabilize the biggest economy of the world. In order to write about the applicability of monetary policy in US, we must have a very good idea regarding the imposition of such policy. Obviously the current financial constrain is the […]

The Issues of Managing Financial Resources and Decisions

Before studding and researching any business organisation or company first we have to know nature, purpose and role of accounting of the business. We know, there are various types of business in the word such as Sole trader, Partnership, Private limited company and so on. The Trevor Plc. is well known famous wholesale distributors and Private Limited Company. Although it is not too large organisation but now it recently gains rapid economics prospect due to its successful management process and […]

The Management of Fianancial Resources and Decisions

Sources of Finance Js and Co. must be very aware of the importance to use the appropriate sources of financing meeting the needs of your company. Sources of finance to business There are different sources of finance,namely : Short term finance- Trade credit Commercial banks -overdraft Fixed deposits for a period of 1 year or less Advances received from customers Various short-term provisions Operating lease. Medium term finance- Debentures/bonds Public deposits/fixed deposits for duration of three years Commercial banks – […]

The Effect on Global Financial Markets

Introduction The effect on global financial markets erupted in the beginning of 2008 and it still prevails round the globe. When I was in India during 2008, I still remember the stock market shooting up by 4000pts in a single day and fell by 3000 pts a week later. I want to give an example, For the entire week Mr. Mukesh Ambani was the richest man in the world. This was caused due to the increase in supply of money. […]

‘The Effects of Credit Card Limit Practices of Banks on their Financial Performance and Consumer Brand Preference’: a Study of Banks in Karachi

RESEARCH TITLE: ‘The effects of Credit Card limit practices of banks on their financial performance and consumer brand preference’: A Study of Banks in Karachi INTRODUCTION: Many researchers have aimed to find the different levels of customer preferences regarding financial services (Schmidt, Bergsiek & Kolesnikova, 2007), (Tarawneh, 2006). Schmidt, Bergsiek and Kolesnikova (2007) have also observed that today’s dynamic economy is exposing financial institutions to the increasing competitive forces and performance-oriented pressures. In addition, innovative business ideas and increasing competition […]

THE CRITICAL FAILINGS in BANKING REGULATION

Throughout the history of financial crises, prudential regulators and central banks have been considerably involved in developing a wide spectrum of regulatory tools to ensure the smooth functioning of the banking sector and maintain financial stability. Deposit insurance, Lender of Last Resort (LLR), prudential regulation and supervision have been extensively discussed in academic and literature as the three major components of government financial safety net. In the midst of these regulatory tools, the regulation of bank capital stands out as […]

Assessing the Current State of the Worlds Financial System

The world financial system, has suffered a severe and virtually unprecedented blow leading to the failure of a number of major institutions and forcing government intervention on a massive scale in a number of countries. Adrian Turner, chairman of the FSA in the UK attributes the current financial crisis to: ..an interplay between macroeconomic imbalances which have become particularly prevalent over the last 10-15 years, and financial market developments which have been going on for 30 years but which accelerated […]

The Definitions of Financial Intermediaries in the Economy

Definitions of financial intermediary is financial institutions accept money from the depositor or investor funds and borrowers, and the relationship between the income for those seeking in their capital and those seeking credit. Financial intermediaries including savings and credit unions, architecture and loan association, savings Banks, commercial Banks, life insurance company’s credit departments and investment companies. Besides that financial intermediaries are the institutions which are intermediaries between savers and investors, moving funds between the two. Examples include banks, insurance companies, […]

The Background and Principles Related to Islamic Banking

Islamic principles have stated clearly that all business transactions have to follow the fairness behavior stated in Islamic law where no party should gain any sort of unequal treatment thus when an investment occurs between two parties both the parties should divide the profit or loss according to the business status (Schon; 2009). Islamic principles related to monetary transactions have stated clearly that no harm or use of harmful products is allowed to be conducted under the Islamic business (Schon; […]

The Capital and Money Markets in the Economy

There were two group of markets can be found in financial market. They were the capital market and the money market. Although they both come from financial market but they consist of differences. In capital market, we will found the stocks and bond market but in general it is the market for securities where long term funds can be raised by companies or government. To raise the funds, a person needs to purchase a price-set bond in order to borrow […]

Short Term and Long Term Debt Financing

The aim of this paper is to propose two sources of short term and long term debt for Ditchling Ltd. The paper will seek to identify the reasons of finance in the company and suggest the most appropriate sources based on those reasons. 2.0 BUSINESS BACKGROUND Ditchling Ltd is a Residential Care Service which is registered and regulated by the Care Quality Commission. It delivers professional high quality support services to adults with learning disabilities and associated challenging behaviour in […]

Sources of Finance for Industry in Italy

The Industries in Italy are very much developed and modernized. These are also one of the main sources for the GDP of Italy. Also they provide the highest employment opportunities. The main sources of finance for the industry are the subsidized loans, medium term loans. These loans are provided by the govt. as well as the different banks at variable and fixed rates. Evolution of Banking in Italy The firstA banksA were probably the religiousA templesA of the ancient world, and were probably established […]

Financial Institutions in India

Financial sector plays an indispensable role in the overall development of a country. The most important constituent of this sector is the financial institutions, which act as a conduit for the transfer of resources from net savers to net borrowers, that is, from those who spend less than their earnings to those who spend more than their earnings. Ok, now before continuing to explain the role of financial institutions in the development of industries, let’s take a little bit brief […]

Introduction to Underwriting

INTRODUCTION TO UNDERWRITING Underwriting is an agreement, entered into by a company with a financial agency, in order to ensure that the public will subscribe for the entire issue of shares or debentures made by the company. The financial agency is known as the underwriter and it agrees to buy that part of the company issues which are not subscribed to by the public in consideration of a specified underwriting commission. The underwriting agreement, among others, must provide for the […]

Research Intro Pricing Strategies and Key Variables Loans

As technology has advanced, retailers were able to improve their profit margins despite the prevailing competitive environment. They are well aware of their customers’ buying patterns and behavior. They know how to satisfy the needs and wants of their customers while saving a sufficient amount of profit margin for themselves. The reason why product based industry is so very well able to understand the psyche of their customers and use it as their own advantage is the availability of sufficient […]

Relationship between Assets and Liabilities on Balance Sheet

Cement industry indeed a very important part of industrial sector that plays a essential role in the economic development. Though the cement industry in Pakistan observed its lows and highs in recent past it improved during the last couple of years and floated once again. A basic economic decision deal with a financial intermediary is the mixture of assets to buy and liabilities to sell, a decision that reflects a complex set of economic and institutional considerations. When viewed as […]

Professional Ethics and Regulation

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Professional ethics is concerned with the personal and corporate standards of behaviour expected of individuals working in acknowledged professions. These ethical behaviours are of great importance when a business provides service to the public especially when their actions or inactions have consequences on the stakeholders. As a bank, GHF is a business which must be built on a foundation of trust in order to ensure its continued survival. Its customers and other stakeholders at large must believe that […]

Progress Interest-free Banks in Pakistan

Introduction: This chapter high light the concept, principle and future of the Interest-free banking around the world particularly and importantly in Pakistan, which is officially; “The Islamic Republic of Pakistan” (www.pakistan.gov.pk). World is experiencing a large-level of growth in Interest-free banking and finance not only in Muslim countries but also in economically big Non Muslim countries like UK , USA and AUSTRALIA where Muslims are in minorities. The attraction which interest-free banking has, encouraging the world. It’s unique concept of […]

Public Financial Management

Introduction The world economic crisis resulted from the financial crisis in the US real-estate market and spread to the entire world. This economic crisis is considered a major economic crisis which will last for more years with heavy impacts on the world economy. The UN predicted that world economic growth will not exceed 1 % in 2009 (Kochhar 2008). This critical situation presents real challenges to all world economies including Egypt. Egypt should review its financial policies including exports, investment, […]

Performance of Goldman Sachs and Financial Ratio Analysis

Conventionally the Bank performance is evaluated by analysis of the financial ratios. However, despite of quite a few number of ratios being calculated, a sculpt that completely convinces the analysis of requirements and bank operations’ efficiency evaluation is yet to be developed. Hence for these reason, the financial ratio analysis is balance with unlike eminence evaluations, with characteristics such as organization quality, equity structure, spirited position and others which are incorporated in the concluding assessment. In this piece of work […]

Monitoring and Credibility of Financial Statement

This chapter reviews previous studies related to the credibility of financial statement, market reaction, corporate governance and other monitoring mechanisms. In other words, it looks at how investors perceive the credibility of financialA statement reportA and market reaction. Financial statement credibility has declined because accounting defects raise questions within the investment community about internal controls, management integrity, audit committee oversight, external auditor quality, etc. In existing academic literature, several determinants explain the investor reaction to financial statement report. This chapter discusses several […]

Need for Islamic Banking

Recent study published in United States stated that the growth rate of world Muslim population is higher than the world non Muslim population and it is believed and projected that it will be the quarter of the world population near 2030. Pakistan, which has seen a rise in radical Islam in current months, will chase Indonesia as the world’s most populous Muslim nation. Majority of the people seeking to invest into the Hala mode of financing and people fad up […]

Norway’s Financial System

INTRODUCTION Purpose of this paper is to discuss the characteristics of Norwegian financial system, including the regulatory environment in which it operates and in particular, the relationship between the financial and corporate sectors of the economy. In order to do this, the first part analyses Norwegian banking system while the second part looks at the financial markets. BANKING SYSTEM Efficiency According to Author (2004), the stable outlook for the Norwegian banking system is based on the banks’ strong domestic franchises, […]

Looking at Development Within the Global Financial Market

Chapter 1 mark the genesis of this dissertation. The journey begins by taken a swift look at recent developments in the global financial market serving as catalyst in highlighting ERM in many organisations. This piece of study will centre on risk management activities in the banking sector and as Lam (2007) rightly said “banks cannot function effectively without sound risk management”. The banking industry now than ever before operate in more volatile financial market making risk management imperative to this […]

Liquidity Risk

What is liquidity risk and how managers deal with it? COMMERCIAL AND INVESTMENT BANKING 1. Introduction Technological progress and internationalization has led to rapid innovations in financial markets and regulations. This changing environment in which banks find themselves presents great opportunities but also a wide range of risks while operating. Such risks are interest rate risk, market risk, credit risk, off-balance-sheet risk, technology and operational risk, foreign exchange risk, country or sovereign risk, liquidity risk and insolvency risk. In this […]

Islamic Accounting

Question – 01 What distinguishes Islamic accounting and conventional accounting? Briefly discuss the additional objectives of Islamic accounting. Answer – 01 It could be stated that both Islamic accounting as well as conventional accounting are both in the business of providing information to end customers. The main differences lie in the following factors: Objective of providing information Islamic accounting enables users to ensure that Islamic organizations abide by the principles of the Shari’ah in all of its dealings and enables […]

INTERNET BANKING ADOPTION STRATEGIES for a DEVELOPING COUNTRY LIKE THAILAND

The article is based on the adoption of internet banking in developing countries like Thailand and also on the plans or policies which maximize the rate of adoption of internet banking. According to authors, as per the results of pervious research, it is clear that the achievement of internet banking is mainly through customer acceptance however, banks and government support also played an important role in it. Earlier the innovation adoption in internet banking was mainly focused in some regions […]

Bank Essays