Cognizable offences have been defined under Section 2 (c) of the Criminal Procedure Code as follows; ” ‘cognizable offence’ means an offence for which, and ‘cognizable case’ means a case in which, a police officer may, in accordance with the First Schedule or under any other law for the time being in force, arrest without […]
Competition means that businesses are under constant pressure to be better than their competitors, in order to win customers. Competition acts as a driver for innovation and technological progress, and this improves consumer welfare. Therefore, the interests of consumers are at the heart of competition policy. In a competitive market, each firm tries to be […]
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Get help with your assignmentQUESTION What distinguishes a commercial contract from other agreements, be they family arrangements or gentlemen’s agreements? Illustrate your answer with cases. Answer: Agreements: Agreements are not legally enforceable. This consists of an offer and acceptance to that offer without intention to make the agreement legally binding. Agreement = Offer + Acceptance Contract: A contract on […]
Chapter 8: Question No. 2: The Counterfeit Access Device and Computer Fraud and abuse Act or CADCFA Act has categorically placed the provision of the law against authorised access and use of federal and private computers. The penalties under CADCFA Act are of 5 to 21 years of imprisonment. Mr. Wang used his computer to […]
Gentlemen, on 15 April 1989, there was a terrible disaster at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield football. The pressure of the masses trying to land 95 people crushed on the terraces are killed and many injured. On that day the plaintiffs (respondents to this appeal) members of the South Yorkshire Police Force were on duty at […]
Report to D’Ausecours Board 31st May 2006 Re: Acquisition of Security Control – Issues and Recommendations 1) Confidential Information Given the that the greatest value of SC lies in the ability of its employees to innovate and the quality and commercial potential of the resultant product, it is disturbing to learn that none of the […]
COMMUNITY-ORIENTED POLICING AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Introduction A myriad of creative approaches in the criminal justice systems of the world have been established over the last two decades in an attempt to lessen or curb the domestic violence incidences in us and across the world. Different law urgencies have now put in place policies that authorize […]
The Theft Act 1968 [1] was legislated as a result of complicated, confusing and highly technical prior statutes and case law. Antiquated terminology like larceny, embezzlement and false pretences were to be replaced by a simple and short Act that was aiming towards codification of the criminal law. The Criminal Law Revision Committee advised on the recommendation, […]
109528 Formerly known as a Community Service Order introduced by the Criminal Justice Act 1972, a community punishment order [1] is now regulated by the Powers of Criminal Courts Act of 2000. The aims of a community punishment order is solely to reform the offender whilst he/she remains in the community, allow an opportunity to […]
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS The Preamble to the Indian Constitution invokese`justice — Social, economic and political)) as a core principle. Victimes of crime being components of criminal justice are, therefore, also entitled to share the promises of social justice contained in the Constitution. Novel concept of victomology is a step in the direction of fulfilling the […]
Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities Law is absolutely essential for a civilized society to prosper and thrive. Therefore, we have got Laws pertaining to all walks of life ranging from Human Rights to Criminal Laws, from Laws of Inheritance to Family Laws; similarly there is also a need for the Law which would […]
Cedric entered into a contract with the Distinguished Hotel for the wedding reception of his daughter Ali and groom Benno s big day. In the contract Cedric made with the hotel he was assured that all 300 of his guests would be seated in the chosen function room with a view of the top table, […]
Title of the Article-“Company Law, 2013: Demystifying NCLT and One Person Company” Abstract The Companies Act 2013 has been a mixed bag of affairs. It has come up with new rules regarding various institutions that were not there till now like the NCLT and the NCLAT and the provisions of one person company. These new […]
“The jury system is often described as “the jewel in the Crown” or “the corner-stone” of the British criminal justice system. It is a hallowed institution which, because of its ancient origin and involvement of 12 randomly selected lay people in the criminal process, commands much public confidence.” – Lord Justice Auld (1999) Review of […]
Introduction As the day company is formed, it can be said that the company is “incorporated”. As the company uniqueness is that it provides for effective separation of resources and managements of its resources and it is further compounded on the fact that the owner of the capital can limit his or her liability to […]
>Explain requirements of memorandum of association A memorandum is a simple document which states that the subscribers wish to form a company and become members of it. The memorandum of association was an extremely important document containing information concerning the relationship between the company before the Companies Act 2006 and the outside world (e.g: its […]
Chapter 2 2.0 Decision making organs A company has 2 primary organs, the members in general meeting and the directorate. A company is not considered to be sovereign but has a limited competence only. Within these limits, the Supreme rule is making authority rests with a general meeting of the members1 and the constitution may […]
Question Recently gautam limited liability convened an annual general meeting in which five directors were elected. The board of directors had several meetings and they decided, interalia, to purchase 150 acres of land by using the company money. The directors thereinafter sold the land at high price and kept 10% of profit for themselves. Dom, […]
Relevant law: Section 198 (C) and 201 J of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) provides that out of several directors in a company, the company is empowered to appoint any director as the managing director of the company along with conferring any such powers to him, which a director can exercise. Moreover, the courts have […]
ADVANTAGES OF S. 176, WHO BENEFITS AND CASELAWS. INTRODUCTION As a general outline, S. 176 of Companies Act 1965[1] deals with schemes of arrangement of companies facing financial difficulties or in the case of companies at the brink of winding-up. What is, “Schemes of Arrangement”, and how do these schemes assist or facilitate the companies […]
“Compare and Contrast the Common Law tradition of Criminal Justice with the Civil Law tradition using actual examples where possible” There is a general agreement that there are three major legal systems in the world; “English Common Law, Continental Civil Law, and Religious Law” (S M Shahidullah, 2012:13). Each legal system carries their own individual […]
Introduction This question is about the comparison between the partnerships and company. The question require us to determine whether which type of business structure is suitable for Mr. Azwan and Mr. Zuhri and advise them. In the end, we will be able to know about what the differences between partnerships and company are and why […]
Abstract This report concentrates on tow of those frameworks, the English legitimate framework and the Malasysian lawful framework However, distinguishing that this frameworks of equity can’t be completely seen in separation, we start with a short remark on the UK’ and MY are sacred plans to show how this frameworks will be essential result of […]
Introduction: The conclusion in Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher & Ors[1] indicates a subtle, albeit potentially significant shift in the approach when deciding Employment Status and Sham Agreements.[2] Prior to this case, the written terms of a contract prevailed as long as it is not a “sham”. However the Supreme Court, in this case, has deemed […]
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Suggestions Before theBommai[i]decision was delivered, the Constitution of India excluded the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court when the President declared emergency. However, things are now clear that the Court can now scrutinize whether the power provided by Article 356 has been misused or used arbitrarily or that there is no relevant […]
The fact of the Atlas Maritime Co SA v Avalon Maritime Ltd [1]is that Mr Richard Morrison is the director of Stewart Marine, a company which run ship brokers. He wants to buy a vessel which had some broken and the company appointed a technical consultant, Mr Melville Price which from Drake Maritime SA. Drake […]
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Assessment CLR&I CASE NOTE Valilas v Januzaj [2014] EWCA Civ 436 Lady Justice Arden Lord Justice Underhill & Lord Justice Floyd In the Court of Appeal (Civil Division) On the Appeal from Worcester County Court His Honour Judge Hooper QC IUC69309 Between: IOANNIS VALILAS & VALDET JANUZAJ SRN=140326561 Introduction Ioannis Valilas v Valdet Januzaj[1] dealt […]
Case Notes Nicholas Sheridan – Ref NS1 Background I had a meeting today with Nicolas Sheridan Tuesday the 5th of October 2013. Nicholas is in full time permanent employment with Home Securities. He made an appointment today in relation to concerns he has about his job security with his employer “Home Securities”. Nicolas talked […]
Running Head: Case Opinion Analysis: Mccullen V. Coakley McCULLEN V. Coakley Case Opinion Analysis For the purpose of this paper I choose to place an opinion applet to the case of Supreme Court of the United States no. 12–1168. Eleanor McCULLEN, et al., petitioners v. Martha Coakley, attorney general of Massachusetts, et al .on writ […]
