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Introduction of Banking Sector

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SECTOR The Indian economy is emerging as one of the strongest economy of the world with the GDP growth of more than 8% every year. This has given a great support for the development of banking industry in the country. Due to globalization, competition among the banks has drastically been increased. As India has a substantial upper and middle class income hence the banks have immense opportunities to increase their market shares. The consumer being on […]

Hershey Foods Vs. Tootsie Rolls

Investment: Heshery Foods versus Tootsie Rolls Financial Comparison A comparison of 2004 Hershey’s and Tootsie Roll, questions needed to determine which company is better off: Are the company’s operations profitable? To consider this I will be looking at the Income Statement. If the company’s revenue exceeds its expenses it will report net income or will report a net loss. This will report on the success or failure of the company’s operation by reporting its revenue and expenses. Hershey Foods reports […]

Hero Honda Financial Analysis

Investment Decisions Analysis Company: Hero Honda Motors Ltd. Balance sheet | | | | | | | | |YEAR |Mar’ 10 |Mar’ 09 |Mar’ 08 |Mar’ 07 |Mar’ 06 | | | |Fixed assets | |Gross block |2,750. 98 |2,516. 27 |1,938. 78 |1,800. 63 |1,471. 97 | |Less : revaluation reserve |- |- |- |- |- | |Less : accumulated depreciation |1,092. 20 |942. 56 |782. 52 |635. 10 |522. 60 | |Net block |1,658. 78 |1,573. 71 |1,156. […]

Stability of Dividends in India

NSE Research Initiative, Project Report no. 229 / 2009 Determinants and the Stability of Dividends in India: Application of Dynamic Partial Adjustment Equation using Extended Instrumental Variable Approach Dr. Manoj Subhash Kamat Dr. Manasvi Manoj Kamat Summary This paper improves on earlier research on stability and determinants of dividend policies by using a more advanced estimation methodology, a larger and more representative sample of panel data (PD), and different proxies for a longer time window 1971-2007. It is aimed to […]

Concept of Consumption and Saving

THE CONCEPT OF CONSUMPTION AND SAVING. Consumption and savings are opposite by nature. The term consumption denotes expenditure and by savings we understand the act of preserving money for the future needs. Most of us are in the habit of meeting the present needs from our income. After that, if there remains anything, then only savings can be done. But in the long run, it is the savings that matters most. CONCEPT OF SAVING The concept of saving is important in […]

Factors Affecting the Exchange Rate of Aud/Usa

Analysis about factors affecting Australian Dollar US Dollar exchange rate (2006- Q1 2010) Project Report Final Project in Banking and Finance (FP 238) Raffles College of Higher Education I. Introduction 2. 1. Background Most of the country in the world will have export and import and they will use money to pay for it. Each country will have their different unit of money, which is called as currency. Currency is a medium that is used in the world to be […]

Raising Capital Theory and Evidence

Introduction New information announcements about security offerings by publicly listed firms can cause one of three reactions in the financial markets: (i) positive, (ii) negative, or (iii) indifferent reactions. These responses are measured in the average two-day common stock price reactions adjusted for general market price changes (abnormal returns) to announcements of public issues of common stock, preferred stock, convertible preferred stock, straight debt and convertible debt. Stock markets react to such news by adjusting the market value of the […]

The Fundamentals of Working Capital Management

The Fundamentals of Working Capital Management Working Capital refers to the company’s current or short-lived assets. This includes cash, marketable securities, notes receivable, account receivable, inventories and other current assets. Non-current assets are referred to as capital assets. These are long-term assets and are mostly depreciable in nature. In evaluating an investment in capital assets, the future cash flows, the risk of those cash flows as well as the opportunity cost of the funds invested must be taken into consideration. […]

Walt Disney Yen Financing

1. Should Disney hedge its yen royalty cash flow? Why or why not? If so, how much should be hedged and over what time period? Yes, Walt Disney Company should hedge its royalty cash flow to protect against currency fluctuations. The company has revenues in Yen and does not have expenses in Yen. Thus it would be converting the Yen to Dollar and so is exposed to foreign exchange risk. The value of Yen has declined recently and it is […]

Cumberland Entertainment

Cumberland Entertainment Summary of the case: Cumberland Entertainment is a Canadian-based company that had done very well for itself by finding and exploiting a niche market in North American music distribution. But major US clients had started producing their own titles, and were now direct competitors. What was worse, distributors had also started focusing on lower-end products from other suppliers and Cumberland’s modus operandi became unsustainable. CEO Tom Smith felt the only sensible course of action was for Cumberland to […]

Management of Banks and Financial Institutions

Management of Banks and Financial Institutions CIA-2 Asset Liability Management Management of Assets and Liabilities by Banks [pic] Submitted By: Paul George 0921420 Caroline 0921440 Poornima 0921449 Sonal 0921454 Anvin 0921459 Meaning of ALM ALM is an attempt to match Assets and Liabilities, in terms of Maturities and Interest Rate Sensitivities, to minimize Interest Rate Risk and Liquidity Risk. • ALM can be termed as a risk management technique designed to earn an adequate return while maintaining a comfortable surplus […]

Internship Report on Krachi Stock Exchange

Internship Report on Islamabad Stock Exchange By M Idrees Raja, MPA-IV. Department of Administrative Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad. ? ? Acknowledgement I am thankful to almighty Allah who gives me courage to complete my internship in Islamabad Stock Exchange and completions of report this report for such purpose. I would like to appreciate my supervisor Prof. Mr. Ajmal Waheed Khan for his proper guidance and transferring knowledge to me. I am also thankful to Prof. Ghulam Shabair Khan Niazi who […]

Small Business in Sub-Saharan Africa: Major Constraints in [Nigeria]

Small Business in Sub-Saharan Africa: Major Constraints in [Nigeria] Introduction The Federal Republic of Nigeria has an area of 923,768. 00 sq kilometres and completely within the tropical zone (About. com 2005). Nigeria has a population which is estimated over 154 million. It is a 12th largest petroleum product producer in the world. Due to the surge in international oil prices during 2007-08, Nigeria administrated an annual GDP of US$352. 3 billion and has the largest GDP compare to all […]

How do Multi-national Corporations Raise Funds?

Sources of Finance Multinational corporations have an array of methods they can utilise to raise capital as a means to fund different operational needs. This essay will critically analyse varied sources of finance, looking at their respective advantages and disadvantages. One of the most common methods entails borrowing funds from a bank (Taylor and Thrift, 2012). Whilst this is one source, it consists of three forms, short, medium or long term lending (Gurkaynak et al, 2005). These different forms serve […]

What is Meant by Market Effciency?

Market efficiency has been a topic of interest and debate central amongst financial economists for more than five decades. Indeed, two of the recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2013, Eugene Fama and Robert Shiller, have debated about the efficiency of markets since the 1980s. Concerns about market efficiency were catapulted to prominence most recently by the financial crisis of 2007-8. Efficient capital markets are foundational to economic theories that posit the allocative efficiency of free […]

Principals of Corporate Finance – Motorway Access Ltd

Introduction The question of whether or not to proceed with a project requiring significant capital expenditure is one which involves considerations running the gamut of issues facing the firm. Taking a purely financial perspective the firm is required by Fischer’s Separation Theorem to return the maximum amount of wealth to shareholders (Fischer, Reprinted 1977). In the modern firm ownership is separated from control in the form of the capital of the company being held, traditionally at least by shareholders who have […]

To what Extent are the Stock Markets Overvalued?

Introduction Stock markets are considered to be among the most preferred investment platforms by investors, as they generate a high return on investment (Fong, 2014). There are many underlying reasons for this high return, one of which may be the valuation of the financial commodities traded in the stock market (Chang, 2005). Some financial analysts believe that the stock markets are extremely overvalued (Phoenix, 2014), while there are others who consider them as being slightly overvalued (Rosenberg, 2010). Another school […]

Using Ratios to Analyse a Companies Profitability

# 1. Analyse the performance and financial position of the company and comment on any features you consider significant by calculating the ratios that will help in assessing the profitability, liquidity, efficiency and investment ratios of Haflan Ltd.? Definition Profitability Ratio : MeasuresA that indicate how well aA firmA is performing in termsA of itsA abilityA to generateA profit. 1. Gross Profit on Net Sales = Net Sales – Cost of Goods Sales ———————————— Net Sales = 3900 – 2430 ————— 3900 = 1470 ——- 3900 Gross […]

Valuation of GlaxoSmithKline Plc

As of our monthly review, we enclosed in our report based on our analysis of last report of 2009 with more details about our last valuation of our company GSK for making decision for investor purposes. In order to make a clear decision about what stocks to buy or to sell, investors need to know the value of those shares to make sure of the real value of it. In fact, there are many methods which we can use to […]

The World Financial Industry

1.0 Introduction The number of bank mergers in 1990s has increased 215%. (Becher, D.A., 1999) From 1987 to 1997, the value of mergers and acquisitions in the world financial industry has reached nearly 1.4 trillions of US dollars. (Cybo-Ottone, MurgiaSince, 2000) Since bank mergers become popular, there has a controversy about whether bank acquisitions create value for target and bidder shareholders. This paper gives a literature review about this paradox and it is divided by four parts. First part is […]

Today’s Financial Environment

INTRODUCTION Today’s financial environment is highly risk prone. The volatility of economic variables such as interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices etc has increased because of the increased internationalization of businesses. In order to have a stable business a firm must identify and manage its risk carefully. Risk is defined as the doubtfulness of returns. Any firm faces two types of risks. Business risk Financial risk A business risk includes the risk of competition, risk of a new technology hampering […]

To what Extent does Financial Engineering have an Important Role

As we are in modern world today, everything around us has been changing continuously. The world that we see today is different from the world in 40 years ago. Technologies are one example, which has been improving dramatically. Letter had been a popular way to communicate and then land line telephone came to help communication more easily and the following is mobile phones, which have more and more convenient until today. The most important technologies are computer and internet. These […]

Use of Basel III in Banking Laws and Regulations

Basel Accords which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision consists of Basel I, Basel II and Basel III. Basel I was adopted in 1988 and was enforced internationally in 1992. While Basel I is now outdated, Basel II was formed and implemented by a lot of countries. Soon after that Basel III came into place when the world was faced with Global Financial Crisis. Basel I primarily focused on credit risk. […]

The too Big to Fail Problem

“Too big to fail” was a very regular term we all heard during the Great Recession of 2008, but did we truly understand the term? To understand this overused term, we must first define what it means to be a firm that is “Too Big to Fail”. According to Stern and Fieldman, ” ‘too big to fail'(TBTF), a term describes the receipt of discretionary government support by a bank’s uninsured creditors who are not automatically entitled to government support.” (8). […]

The Variable Choices in Sensitivity Analysis

We will examine as variable X the real equity premium. It is used to measure the return if in the market exists a risk-free return. We choose real equity premium because it plays a very important role to measure the cost of capital and to evaluate the cash flows of a company. The price of risk is the equity risk premium (ERP, where we treat equities as the same thing as the total market) and the quantity of risk is […]

The Vast Branch of Corporate Finance Available to a Business

Corporate Finance is a vast branch business management, which deals with the management of funds and capital arrangement. Corporative Finance as an immensely lucrative aspect that deals with helping business organizations manage money for various ventures, managing their assets, acquire other firms and make a robust financial planning for the future (Beaney, S., 2005.). It may have varied aspects though in course of business, depending upon place to place as per the finance faculty of the economy. For instance, Shaun […]

The Risk of Hedging in the Banking World

Hedging is a risk management tool to offsetting the risk inherent of price in any cash market position by taking an equal but opposite position in the futures market. Hedging activities protect futures contract holder from fluctuations in the underlying asset’s price. Investors are benefit if the price of underlying asset moves in the same direction as what investors’ expected (“Hedge Fund”, 2009). Short hedge is a short selling by borrowing underlying asset such as commodity, security or financial instruments […]

The Sources of Finance Available to an Organization

Sources of Finance Finance is essential for a business’s operation, development and expansion. Finance is the core limiting factor for most businesses and therefore it is crucial for businesses to manage their financial resources properly. Finance is available to a business from a variety of sources both internal and external. Internal sources of finance Funds which are available within the organisation and consist of: Personal savings Business borrows personal money of a shareholder, partner or owner for a business’s financial […]

The Role that Company Regulators Play

Since the 2008 global financial crisis, there is a great impact and effects on both developed and developing countries by the financial crisis. Australia Governments have taken active measures to tackle the financial crisis. In developed countries, Australia was the first to recover in short time from the global economic recession. In 2009, the economy in Australian would rebound quickly, as the world’s fastest growing economies in the developed countries. First, the Australia government take timely, accurate and effective measures […]

The Pros and Cons of Hedging in Finance

This paper compares a number of strategies for managing foreign exchange exposures. Never hedging, hedging every exposure in our strategies is using a forward exchange contract and hedging on alternative occasions using a forward exchange contract. According to the selective hedging, whether to hedge or not is a very important decision which depends on the future spot exchange rate, which is determined by a number of forecasting techniques. The techniques include the random walk, the large premia model and a […]

Investment Essays