Background of the study The raise of credit card ownership and usage has been devastating around the globe. A credit card is a system of payment named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system and is different from a debit card in that it does not remove money from the user’s […]
It is a system of accounting which is based on the principle that assets should be valued at historical cost or historical cost is the original monetary value of an economic item. Historical cost is based on the stable measuring unit assumption. In some circumstances, assets and liabilities may be shown at their historical cost, […]
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Get help with your assignmentThe concept of cost of capital has been used in capital budgeting as the discounted rate or the minimum required rate of return. The cost of capital is the minimum required rate of return; a project must earn in order to cover the cost of raising funds being used by the firm in financing of […]
Academic finance has transformed significantly from the days where most academics and practitioners believed that markets were efficient. Traditionalists argue that the market prices assets at their fair value, assuming that all relevant information pertinent and relevant to an asset is known by all market participants-in reality however there is an information asymmetry. In addition […]
1 Introduction The post earnings announcement drift (henceforth PEAD) has been the most resilient and widely researched phenomenon since it was first noted over four decades ago by Ball and Brown (1968). This delay in prices assimilating earnings information poses a challenge to the semi-strong form of market efficiency which assumes efficient incorporation of new […]
Behavioural Finance does not negate the arbitrage mechanism per se and its price correcting ability. However, it argues that not every deviation from fundamental value created by actions of irrational traders will be an attractive investment opportunity for rational arbitrageurs (Szyszka, ). Even when an asset is highly mispriced, many arbitrage strategies which are designed […]
I often hear finance managers say an investment related proverb that goes like this; “be risk diverse, not risk adverse”. An inquisitive, or even not so inquisitive mind may wonder “what does this concept really mean?” and “why is it so important when investing?” This paper seeks to provide answers to the querying mind and […]
Since the 1970s, Islamic banking has emerged as a new reality in the international financial scene. Its philosophies and principles are however, not new, having been outlined in the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) more than 1,400 years ago. The emergence of Islamic banking is often related to the revival of […]
BP is undertaking a conservative financial framework which they think flexible to execute strategy and programs while remaining resilient to the inherent risk of the business. The conservative capital structure is demonstrated in the table shows that in approximately 68% of the source of funds come from internal capital injected by the shareholders in 2010. […]
A commercial bank is a type of financial intermediary and a type of bank. After the Great Depression, the U.S. Congress required banks only engage in banking activities, whereas investment banks were limited to capital market activities. Since the two no longer have to be under separate ownership, some use the term “commercial bank” to […]
British Petroleum is one of the five major energy companies in the world engaged in the business of oil and natural gas exploration and marketing as well as development of renewable energy devices across 80 countries of the world. The company with around 80300 staff members on its payroll in 2009 made an annual turn […]
Nowadays, interest -free banking transaction is started getting popular and popular among many countries. The concept of interest free banking is first derived from Islamic banking. People might think that how can a bank to be survive if it does not charge any interest on the loan? But yet, there are evidences show that bank […]
Budgeting, if not used effectively, can result in underperformance, corruption and even the failure of the organisation. Budgeting has been used as a method of coordination and control but when left unregulated it can result in the very worst kind of opportunistic behaviour. As a result there have been a number of developments in budgeting, […]
This chapter included several part of study. The first part of study is research background and this part is discussed overall environment and trends of internet banking in banking industry. The second part is problem statement, it is explained the important and the foundation of study. Next, there are five specific objectives of this study […]
The Chicago Federal Reserve Bank is established as a Reserves Banks out of 12 Federal Reserve Banks in United State. Chicago Fed is established to serve a specific region of United State, to build up a sound banking system and a health economy of the country. It is being established to serve the Seventh Federal […]
The Government of India has taken a number of measures to encourage foreign investment into India, generally, with a particular focus on the export of goods and services out of India. These measures include the introduction in 2005 of a SEZ regime under which specified land is deemed to be “foreign territory” for the purposes […]
The concept of a metro rail for Delhi first emerged in 1969-70 but DMRC was formed in May 1995 with equity participation by the GOI GNCTD in the ratio of 50:50, i.e., equal participation. The national and Delhi state governments aimed to develop a rail-based transport system that would alleviate Delhi’s ever growing transport congestion […]
This essay discusses the developments in banking regulation that are currently being discussed and put in place on account of the global financial and economic crises. With banks, primarily in the United States but also in other developed nations, being the epicentre of the global banking crisis, recent years have been marked by extreme concern […]
The business has been significantly evolved over the years. A business has different option to grow either it grow nationally or globally. There was a time when businesses were run domestically, entrepreneurs mostly concentrates on handling day to day business. Then owners find the need of expansion and start looking into different ways of business […]
INTRODUCTION The issue of the profitability of banks in the UK market has been the subject of controversy for sometime now. For the past twenty years there has been a substantial increase in the number of financial firms entering the banking sector in the UK. This has mainly been due to the fact that the […]
An effort to introduce changes in the financial sector in India was initiated way back in the 1970s. But it was only in 1991 after the report of the Narsimhan Committee on the Financial System was tabled, that the Government and the Reserve Bank of India introduced measures to develop a strong and efficient financial […]
Definition:” Credit Risk is the risk of loss arising from some credit event with counterparty”. Who can be the possible counterparty? Counterpart can be Individuals, companies or the government of a country itself. In layman’s terms credit risk is the risk that you won’t be paid back your money or the the person whom you […]
A Private Equity (‘PE’) fund is a fund which invests its money in private equity, usually to gain control over companies in order to re-structure the company. When the fund takes control of a company, it normally takes the company off the market (that is if the company is not private already), restructures the company, […]
Bond markets are one of the important sources of financing an enterprise, corporate and a business entity. Bond market is also called as debt,A credit, orA fixed income market. Bond market is a financial market with different participants buying and selling debt securities which are in the form of bonds. The size of the worldwide bond market […]
Kennedy and Muller, has explained that The analysis and interpretation of financial statements are an attempt to determine the significance and meaning of financial statements data so that the forecast may be made of the prospects for future earnings, ability to pay interest and debt maturines (both current and long term) and profitability and sound […]
The story of textiles in the subcontinent is the story of Gul Ahmed. The group began trading in textiles in the early 1900’s. With all it’s know-how and experience, the group decided to enter the field of manufacturing and Gul Ahmed Textile Mills Ltd. was incorporated as a private limited company, in the year 1953. […]
The purpose of this research is to examine the potential business opportunities in Oman, especially in exporting telecommunication equipment into this country. Therefore, Oman’s macro-environmental factors such as Cultural Environment, Political and Legal Environment and Economic Environment will be discussed in term of international trade. Moreover, the research will summary the country’s current international trade […]
Capital budgeting is the process of planning and evaluating investments in assets that have cash flows of periods greater than one year. These projects are classified as replacement decisions which are meant to maintain the profitability of a business and reduce costs. Capital budgeting is core to an organisation since the projects are always long-term. […]
This chapter provides a brief background of Islamic banking in the World as well as in the UK about its system and practice. The Islamic financial law has long history but Islamic banking and finance industry came into existence with Profit and Loss Sharing investment by Egypt’s Mit Ghamr Saving Banks in 1963. After official […]
Mergers & acquisitions (M&A) are brought about to increase the wealth of the shareholder mainly for three reasons – to increase tax value, to gain synergy, to take advantage of the market bargains. Synergy examples include economies of scope, economies of scale, research and development, technology and eliminating the duplicate efforts put in management. Decrease […]
