Domestic violence is very real and common in the UK, and indeed internationally In the UK domestic violence accounts for a quarter of all crime, despite these figures it is recorded that only 5 per cent of recorded cases of domestic violence end in conviction, less than 20 per cent of rapes and sexual assaults are reported to the police, and less than 6 per cent of rapes result in conviction. Wells points out as a comparison, the number of […]
What is law? Law, in its widest sense, means and involves a uniformity of behavior, a constancy of happenings or a cause of events, rules of action, whether in the phenomena of nature or in the ways rational human beings. In its general sense law means an order of the universe, of events, of things or actions. In simple words, Law may be referred to as a body of rules that are determined and enforced by the state and that […]
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Get help with your assignmentI truly believe that our modern society needs Law. Laws are guidelines that set out appropriate behaviour, so we are required to follow this system of rules, in order to keep everything balanced and stabilized. Without the fulfillment of these desired tasks, man simply will become equal to animals – or worse still, allow their darker sides to emerge and control their lives. Legal Systems of the World For this purpose every country has a certain system that the all […]
INTRODUCTION Children are our future. Every child has the right to a safe, happy and content childhood notwithstanding of their social origin, sex, religion, where and to whom they were born. This is the core principle enshrined in The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), the most widely adopted international human rights treaty of the time.[1] [2] Malaysia too, is committed to provide the best protection and care for the Children, who forms 35% of the […]
The reasons to select the article and found legal issue The article reported Brief content of the article The 26-year-old accused went to Sydney last August with a student visa in order to develop his further study at the University of Newcastle. During that period, he met a 12-year-old girl at a local mosque, however, he did not concern that she was merely 12-years-old. Then, the accused and the girl got married in an Islamic wedding ceremony. After celebrating the […]
In this essay I will be discussing and also identifying the extent to which the coroners and justice act 2009 [1]reformed the law of voluntary manslaughter and the extent to which it succeeded in its aims. Voluntary manslaughter is less serious than murder, voluntary manslaughter is when the defendant has killed the victim with malice aforethought, malice aforethought defined by Coke [1612] is when one compassth to kill, wound or beat another and doth it fedato animo. The defendant has […]
‘The Fraud Act 2006 has as a central requirement the concept of Dishonesty. This simple legal concept has made the law clear.’ Critically Discuss. The Fraud Act 2006 was brought in to replace the Theft Act 1978, as offences created under the act after caused difficulty proving in court. In 2002, the Law Commission produced a report on fraud, which led to the creation of the new act, which has been simplified, which allows the defendant to understand the offences […]
In the aftermath of the Second World War the international community came to a general consensus that the matters of peace and human dignity were to be protected, and that those who were to contravene these protections would be held accountable no matter their position or title[1]. Throughout the years the concept of International Criminal Law developed and subsequently led to the creation of the first, permanent, treaty established, international criminal court. The International Criminal Court (ICC) came into existence […]
Introduction On 16th November 1994 the convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) came into force, it was establish in 1982. The purpose of this convention is to provide nations with four methods to resolve maritime disputes, two of these methods were (1) submit the dispute to the international Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and (2) the adjudication of the dispute by the international court of justice, (ICJ). ITLOS Description The International Tribunal for the Law […]
The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the powers of the police in England and Wales to stop and search citizens under s1 of the police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. There are some issues still remaining that needs to be changed or altered in order to make this section of the law more compliable with the ECHR. I will also discuss these. The duty of the police is to tell the person they are searching, what they […]
Running Head: TERRORISM: SURVEILLANCE 1 Are You Being Watched? Valuable Information TERRORISM: SURVEILLANCE 2 Abstract My Reaction Paper in Module 5 discusses the many different methods of conducting surveillance. It will also introduce the three (3) different types moving surveillance, fixed (also known as stationary and picket) and combination surveillance. What’s more, surveillance is in some ways it is an expression of power. It is like being watch in all aspects of life. Having a stranger watching can make a […]
Running Head: TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Why is Terrorism so hard to define? Violence Undefined TERRORISM: NO EASY DEFINITION Abstract My first Reaction Paper in Module 2 discusses why terrorism is so hard to define. This paper will address the many uses of extreme force and violence that is meant to make the government or population alter its direction. Dyson states, “it can take a variety of forms, including left wing, right wing, special interest, single issue, religious, ethnic, and […]
Critically discuss the capacity of the European Arrest Warrant to diminish traditional values of legitimacy and due process in criminal justice Judicial cooperation is regarded as one of the main focus of the European Union (EU) integration in criminal matters. In the past decade we have seen revolutionary introductions of new mechanisms in the field that have reformed EU criminal cooperation and have favourably developed the EU into an area of security, freedom and justice. The pioneer initiative in this […]
Analyse how the House of Lords interpreted the word “use” in 5(2)(b) of the Data Interpretation Act 1984 in the case of R v Brown (1996) 1 ALL ER 545 Introduction The case of R v Brown, 1996, concerned two uses of a police force Computer by an officer, for the purpose of obtaining registration numbers of cars owned by the debtors of a collection company that was run by a friend of the officer. The police officer was a […]
SEXUAL HARASSMENT IN MALAYSIA Sexual harassment is a serious offense, such offense often happen to woman especially in a workplace where majority employees are male or often the employer to the female worker is a man. In Malaysia, sexual harassment victims are usually the female workers. Sexual harassment could be anything from a verbal harassment, making inappropriate remarks, suggestion inappropriate stuff towards a female employee. Sexual harassment could also be persistent flirting and making distasteful inappropriate body contact like light […]
India In India, when the case comes close to deal with the issue of sexual harassment in a workplace, we may first refer to a case law, Vishaka and Ors v State of Rajasthan and Ors. In this case, the Supreme Court of India has laid down the guidelines against sexual harassment in the workplaces. First, the case provides us the duty of the employer or other responsible persons in work places and other institutions. It stated that, the employer […]
Prevention is an important facet of criminalization, but one that must be subject to principled constraint, lest it result in an overextension of criminal law. There also exists an idea of criminalization as last resort, ultima ratio regis. This is not a constitutional principle and the ambit of this principle should be fairly limited in order to avoid losing the purposiveness of criminal law. Criminalisation, which is connected to the legitimisation of the state, is an act by which the […]
1. Introduction The beginning of the 21st Century has seen a major overhaul of the sexual offences legislation in England and Wales. Prior to this reform the law on sexual offences was based on legislation implemented in 1956[2], with some parts dating as far back as the 19th Century. It goes without saying that this legislation was grossly dated and unsuitable for the 21st Century. A number of important amendments had been made since the 1956 legislation, including the inclusion […]
Introduction A string of media investigations during the 1980s uncovered police corruption in Queensland. Persistent media attention and national interest soon led the Acting Premier of Queensland to commission an inquiry into illegal behaviour and related police misconduct. The subsequent inquiry substantiated reports that corruption did exist and that, worryingly, the corruption was wide-spread and high-level. As a consequence of exposing police corruption, society is often left with questions regarding the degree of trust they have with the police, the […]
The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter IPC), drafted by T. B. McCauley and his colleague law commissioners, reflected the then prevailing sexual norms in India, criminalized ‘rape’ – a coercive non-consensual (as well as consensual in a set of specified circumstances) sexual intercourse with a woman. S.375 [1] of the Indian Penal Code describes six circumstances in which the offence of rape is said to be committed. In these, the first and the second clauses are representative of the elements required to […]
(i) In the rules of criminal procedure, a suspected person has no obligation to answer any questions because the burden of proof of a criminal case is at the prosecution side. Therefore Herman can exercise his right of silence which is protected under the Article 11(2)(g) of the Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance (Cap. 383) and refuse to answer any question raised by any police officer. However, if it is the truth that Herman was in Macau from 9th […]
Part A Explain what is illegally depositing money in a company ( illegal deposits ) or commonly called as money laundering. Explain using an actual example of a Malaysian company found to have conducted illegal money depositing. What sanctions were imposed on those who were caught to have involved in such activities. (20 marks) Money laundering refers to the illegal proceed of drug crime syndicates, terrorist crimes, smuggling or other crimes and the income generated through a variety of means […]
Critically examine the statement above with reference to cases and articles that support your arguments. Theoretically consent is available to murder and all non-fatal offences against the person. However in actuality, consent could not be used for anything more than assault and battery. Essential questions of morality and ethics are raised by the degree to which the state be supposed to employ criminal sanctions to restrict a sane adult in his/her consent to the infliction of harm on his/her person. […]
Critically evaluate whether the law in respect of omissions liability is in need of reform. Given that one may be liable for an offence as serious as murder by omission it is paramount that that liability is clearly defined. Introduction to Omission Offences capable of being committed by omission Introduction to Murder Introduction Traditionally criminal responsibility is based on what the defendant has done and also on state of mind when he did; this approach is summed up by Latin […]
Life of a Prosecutor A prosecutor is a type of lawyer that could be federal, state, or just local. They represent the government in all types of court cases. The main job of a prosecutor is to be able to provide research, and have investigative skills to bring to the court room. A prosecutor must be able to handle a very large amount of stress and possibly some emotional difficulties. This job may also come with tiring nights and a […]
Evidentiary privileges, almost of all kinds, are mixed blessings. Privileges are created to protect “interests and relationships” deemed “of sufficient social importance.” and they permit the exclusion, or “sacrifice,” of potentially relevant, reliable, and credible evidence, often the kind of evidence that many would not call “incidental.” Eminent evidence scholars including Jeremy Bentham, John Henry Wigmore, Charles Alan, Wright and Kenneth W. Graham, Jr., and Edward J. Imwinkelried have explored the rationales for evidentiary privileges, but they have done so […]
Chapter 3 Comparative Analysis of the laws in other countries vis-a-vis India Legislation w.r.t Criminal Law including investigation and Punishment Provisions w.r.t Victim Compensation and Treatment Steps taken w.r.t sale and Regulation of corrosive acids Steps taken to ensure Implementation of the laws at the ground level Legislation w.r.t Criminal Law including Investigation and Punishment When it comes to Legislation Bangladesh has the most stringent laws w.r.t. acid violence. The maximum punishment of death[1] is inflicted on the accused if […]
The American judicial system has always insisted on the jury system despite the changes taking place in the developed world. 90% of the jury trials take place in the United States and most European countries do not understand why the American public is fascinated by jury trials. “Does the U.S. system carry the seeds of its own demise, as in other nations that once used juries widely and gradually replaced them with decisions by judges” (Vago, 2008, p 48)? The […]
Drug Courts Introduction Drug courts merge treatment with sanctions and incentives. Sanctions comprise compulsory, in addition to, random testing of drug of the offender. Drug courts are an established instrument for improving public health in addition to safety of public. They offer a pioneering means for association amid the prosecutors, judiciary, law enforcement and additional agencies of community corrections, providers of drug treatment and support groups of community. The efficiency of these courts is fine documented ever since they initially […]
Brief 211982 In order to answer this question, one must assess and consider the law relating to ethics within the health professions for nurses and midwives. This will require a particular emphasis on the ideas and structures of the legal responsibilities that a midwife or nurse have to face on a daily basis through their response to a patient reporting alleged abuse whilst at work. This will require a conceptual analysis of the ethical ideas of non- maleficence[1], beneficence[2], autonomy[3], […]
