A major sector in finance is the optimization of portfolio. The target is to maximize the excepted return and minimize the risk. In 1952 Harry Markowitz with his theory about portfolio selection made two observations. The first one was that the combinations of two risky assets provide non-cumulative standard deviations since the two assets are […]
As of our monthly review, we enclosed in our report based on our analysis of last report of 2009 with more details about our last valuation of our company GSK for making decision for investor purposes. In order to make a clear decision about what stocks to buy or to sell, investors need to know […]
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Get help with your assignmentWhat is valuation? From the first days on this planet humanity evaluates. Ancient people thought about: how many fruits and vegetables they should take in exchange for a meat and not take too few. With currency system development, everything has been evaluated in money. But the same problem stayed: how to find fair value and […]
Hewlett-Packard’s Vancouver division is facing a challenge with their inventory management. The sales of the Deskjet printers have grown steadily and so has the inventory level. The Vancouver division is the centralized manufacturing division that also takes care of the localization of the products and ships off the final products to three of distribution centres […]
1.1. Executive Summary Veling Institute of Management London is a reputed and popular management institute, which offers courses in retailing management. The school also owns retail outlets that give the students hands on experience to the students. Having seen the acceptance, it decided to open retail malls in Senegal which is basically a third world […]
In wake of the financial meltdown that started in 2008, financial institutions were the worst beneficiaries of the global crises. Pakistan also was not spared and economically suffered a supply shock in the form of all time high oil prices which took the inflation to its all-time height to 22%. To manage these shocks Pakistan […]
3.0 Ways to Achieve Financial Goals 3.0.1 Part-Time Job Since we are having negative value for net worth, we can do some part time job while we are still studying in Utar. There are a number of restaurants, Cafe, and some other shops around Kampar area are recruiting part-time workers. That is a good opportunity […]
The main objective of the dissertation is to develop an optimal trading strategy also considering the execution cost of each trading step, using stochastic dynamic programming. More explicitly, the following problem is proposed and solved: Given a fixed block of shares to be executed within a fixed finite number of periods, and given price dynamics […]
To begin with, earnings figure is revenues minus cost of sales, operating expenses, and taxes, over a given period of time. Earnings are the reason corporations exist, and are often the single most important determinant of a stock’s price. Earnings are important to investors because they give an indication of the company’s past and expected future dividends and its potential for growth and capital appreciation. However, depending only on the earnings figure to estimate and predict the company’s future is problematic. […]
Financial derivatives are instruments whose value is derived from one or more underlying financial asset. The underlying instrument could be a financial security, a securities index, or some combination of securities, indexes, and commodities. It is a financial contract with a value linked to the expected future price movements of the asset it is linked […]
Introduction: This essay discusses whether and to what extent large asset purchases by a central bank may affect financial markets in theory and practice. This essay begins with an explanation of why central banks are engaging in unconventional policies, then, it explains the importance of the zero lower bound on interest rates with its past […]
Corporate governance in itself is the aggregate of two distinct disciplines of corporation and governance. Corporations that were once viewed as the sole property of its owners refers to the group of individuals intentionally working together to achieve certain goal or the set of goals organized in a specific legal framework. These corporations presently require […]
Treasury Bills, are a variety of money market instruments available in both US and India. These are the zero coupon bond and doesn’t pay any coupon. That’s why these are generally issued at discount and on maturity redeemed at the face value. In India, also called as Government Instruments (G-secs), it is issued by RBI […]
In this report we will analyze two Types of Ratio Comparisons first ratio Trend or time-series analysis and second Cross-sectional analysis for Etisalat. We will find liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, market ratios and the DuPont system for Etisalat. Etisalat Overview Etisalat; UAE’s first telecommunication company laid its foundation in 1976, with a paid up […]
There are many causes of liquidity risk liquidity risk actually arises when the one party wants to trading an asset cannot do it because in the market no one wants to trade that asset .The persons who are about to hold or currently hold the asset and want to trade that asset then liquidity risk […]
OTC derivatives are contracts which are privately negotiated and traded directly between two parties. Trade takes place excluding exchange and other intermediaries. Being largely unregulated when it comes to disclosure of information, the OTC derivatives market is the largest market for derivatives. Products such as swaps and forward rate agreements are examples. Given that trades […]
The infamous Jamie Dimon joined the darling financial institution in 2005 as CEO and also joined the New York Federal Reserve bank board in 2008. 4 Notorious for his squeaky clean reputation relative to many of his contemporaries, his myriad successes in the big banking world landed him four times on Time magazine’s 100 Most […]
The word investment banking draws idea of investment into our minds or thoughts. Actually that idea is quite closer to the basic interpretations of a layman but in realty word “Investment Banking” holds quite a lot and it is much bigger than basic ideas. Main core sense of Investment banking is developing and executing decisions […]
As we are aware, finance is the lifeblood of business or it can be said as the most important part of all the business enterprises. To understand finance, you need to know the entire business indeed. Finance can be used for various reasons like expanding the business, investing and purchasing fixed assets like land and […]
The Planning era began since 1951 and DFIs were increasingly encouraged to finance the project funding needs of the Indian corporate sector. The Government of India and RBI facilitated the concessional rates for corporate sector by giving the following to the DFIs: Access to low cost funds Permission to issue bonds with government guarantee Allocations […]
The Governments general index of Retail Price, which has been existence since 1914, measures the change in the price of the goods and services brought by the average family from one month to the next. The actual method of calculation of the Retail Price Index is closely related the base weighted system. The information of […]
1.0 Introduction The number of bank mergers in 1990s has increased 215%. (Becher, D.A., 1999) From 1987 to 1997, the value of mergers and acquisitions in the world financial industry has reached nearly 1.4 trillions of US dollars. (Cybo-Ottone, MurgiaSince, 2000) Since bank mergers become popular, there has a controversy about whether bank acquisitions create […]
The impact of globalization has caused the transfers of funds and investment activities to be no longer limited in one country only. Those activities are now expanded to all over the world. Based on the stock valuation model, macroeconomic forces may have systematic influences on stock prices via their influences on expected discounted future cash […]
Arbitrage opportunity arises if an investor can construct a zero investment portfolio with a zero profit, in other words, ability to make profit without any risk. Arbitrage Pricing Theory based on three main propositions. First, Security returns can be described by a factor model. Second, idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away. Third, Arbitrage opportunities are […]
Prior to Poor’s publishing of assets, liabilities, and earnings information in the American Railroad Journals of 1849, credit-worthiness was assessed using qualitative data. Poor’s publications were the first instances of quantitative data being used to assess the risk of commercial lending. This continued until the early 1930’s when the first academic studies were carried out […]
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] Today online banking in the UK allows individuals to access manage and transact on all […]
Basel Accords which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision consists of Basel I, Basel II and Basel III. Basel I was adopted in 1988 and was enforced internationally in 1992. While Basel I is now outdated, Basel II was formed and implemented by a lot of […]
INTRODUCTION Today’s financial environment is highly risk prone. The volatility of economic variables such as interest rates, exchange rates, commodity prices etc has increased because of the increased internationalization of businesses. In order to have a stable business a firm must identify and manage its risk carefully. Risk is defined as the doubtfulness of returns. […]
Introduction In order to understand the usefulness of VaR and other risk metrics for the setting of capital adequacy requirements it is useful to compare various measures used by financial institutions and legislative statutes of the Basel Frameworks. Traditional approaches to banking regulation emphasises the understanding that the existence of capital adequacy plays a central […]
As we are in modern world today, everything around us has been changing continuously. The world that we see today is different from the world in 40 years ago. Technologies are one example, which has been improving dramatically. Letter had been a popular way to communicate and then land line telephone came to help communication […]
