Cyber Bullying Analysis

The title of this article is brief and clear for readers. the problem was well defined, population was identified but there is variations in age in the details of the article.

The abstract is in the beginning of the study, it is include clear objective, “ To describe the changes in a national sample of bullying, among school-age children and to examine whether sociodemographic characteristics are related to bullying” , the authors described the study and mentioned the method and design of the research, and in short summary of the research findings, with overview of the important parts of the study .

Well defined by authors: “To describe the changes in a national sample of bullying, among school-age children and to examine whether sociodemographic characteristics are related to bullying”

- The authors choose this list of variables: Gender , age, Family structure (living with both parents, living with parent and step-parent, living with a single parent, or another arrangement), Country of birth, Language spoken at home

Cross sectional study

- well defined the researchers identified the definition of the problem, and the determinants of health that affected by the problem, the significance of the study, as it was quantitative approach most suitable for describing some issues.

- They mentioned some facts about bullying, That 11% of children aged 11-15 are exposed at least 2-3 times a month to bullying, and bullying is linked to disastrous thoughts, and feelings of migraines and back pain, and often those who practice bullying are used to have drugs and tobacco illegally, and that victims of bullying are vulnerable For anxiety and weight gain.

- The authors mentioned the role of teachers in the classroom, as they can provide a safe environment for students from avoiding bullying, through their knowledge of the manifestations, and methods of avoiding .

- The hypotheses were not formulated clearly, but we could be drawn from the objective of the study, when they mentioned 'whether sociodemographic characteristics are related to bullying'

- The authors based on plentiful of literature review guiding , but authors mention that there is different trends in bullying results,.

- The literature review gave many evidences of research problems, but not with other literature findings with same target groups, .

- This study will give solid material in its findings, and will reflect the study purpose.

- As mentioned in the result of the study: It was conducted on 161 students in Iceland's schools for ages 11, 13 and 15, respectively, for a total of 11,018 with a response rate of 84%. (Choose not to answer question = 628), male 50% of the respondents. 32.1% were (11 years old), 34.9% (13 years) and 33.0% were (15 years). The survey was conducted between November 2013 and January 2014. Duration of the survey (45 minutes).

- Descriptive and analytic was performed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to describe the various manifestations of bullying.

- The level of significance was set at 5%. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21

The survey used: Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC), it was used for health behaviors and the determinants of health, in addition, 12 questions about bullying.

- The authors choose all students in Iceland in grades 6, 8 and 10 attending school,

- The responding sample for this study included 10,390 students

- The data was collected and performed from the population completed the details, the result shown: Bullying is common with youngest age group, victimized at least 2–3 times per month, was 7.2% among 11-year-olds 5.6% (13 years) and 3.6% (15 year olds).

- “Being lied to, left out and called names were the most frequent manifestations of bullying (7.8–9.3%)” (Garmy, Vilhjálmsson & Kristjánsdóttir, 2018).

- Being teased as a result of body growth was reported for 13 years old was (6.1%) , (11yr olds) was (4.8%), and 15 years old was (3.5%).

- Being beaten at least 2–3 times in month, was obvious at age 11 (6.3%) , in age 13 (4.2%) and was (1.9%) in age 15.

- Cyber bullying by text & pictures messages common in the 13-year-old, and (2.9–3.3%) among 11- or 15-year-olds (1.9–2.3%).

- Bullied because of disability or illness was shown 2.0% of students

- Bullied as a result of religious beliefs 1.9% of students, and sexual harassment was reported 1.7% of students.

scales were previously validated in a university based sample. “This study uses an

Icelandic dataset from the WHO international research network HBSC”

- The national representative was great

- The response rate for questionnaire was high

- Use of a standardized questionnaire

- Social desirability response is decrease as a result of anonymous questionnaire

- Some non- response caused bias as a result of sensitive items.

- The conclusions causality not mentioned, as it used cross sectional study, Longitudinal studies needed to establish the actual causal between socio-demographic risk factors and bullying.

- There should be studies explaining the links between the student's social and

demographic background, and its relationship to bullying and abuse behavior.

- Increased understanding of bullying processes through effective programs, to prevent bullying behavior and abuse treatment, of such behaviors in the early stage, are considered benefit to students' health and well-being

- The authors emphasized the role of school and pediatric nurse, especially if victims of bullying ask for help, like somatic complaints without an obvious cause, and also screening for bullying risk factors such as sudden changes in behavior (depressive , suicidal ideation) and chronic.

- The power of sympathetic the good listening to children should not be underestimated

- The authors concluded that, victimized by bullying are too common among Icelandic school-age children. In spite of the efforts to minimize bullying in school, according to the study, the role policymaker and school health administrators, should consider socio-demographic factors when planning for interventions, to eliminate bullying in school.

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