Difference between Leadership and Management

Leadership belongs to a particular classification and it covers obligatory tasks and functions that business entities must fulfill in order to live, develop and be efficient. The essential difference between leaders and managers is that leaders have individuals follow them while managers have individuals who work for them. A strong business owner should be both a strong leader and manager to get their team on board to follow them towards their vision of accomplishment (Liphadzi, 2017). Leadership is about getting individuals to comprehend and believe in your vision and to work with you to accomplish your objectives while overseeing is dynamically about managing and guaranteeing the everyday things are going on as they ought to. (V.Sambamurthy, 1999)

Usually many of the leaders tend to have different sets of approaches, style of handling a project or a team and, they have a tendency to follow some theories which they obey and abide. (S. Pretorius, 2018) describes few of these in his paper. Some of the approaches can be described as trait approach, skills approach, behavioral approach and situational approach. As described above that individuals are influenced by the leader to believe their leaders vision, here are some of the leadership theories which a potential strong leader practice.

Path goal theory - in this theory a potential leader makes their individual subordinates to reach to their roadmap goals in an effective manner. This theory mainly revolves around the change in the perspective of the individual towards the work and creating a healthy work environment within the team and within the organization.

Leader-subordinates exchange theory- This theory explains on the relationship of the management level i.e., project managers, directors with their individuals. They try to create an off-work relationship and inspire individuals to work towards the managements vision.

There are also different leaderships categorized based on the personality traits of the person who is at the management tier. Some of them can be described as transactional, authentic, servant and charismatic leadership. A transactional leadership can be defined as an interaction between the leadership and management and their interactions with the subordinates or individuals whereas Transformational leadership is defined as the behavior of the leader who intends to transform and inspire his followers to perform beyond their expectations. As per (Sebahattin Y?ld?za, 2014) this type of leadership includes four methodologies of influencing, inspirational motivation, intellectual motivation and gaining subordinates attention.

Sebahattin Y?ld?az gives us insights on the influence of the leadership and their path to innovativeness on the Business delivery of the product. As we have discussed earlier about the leadership styles on transactional and transformational styles along with innovativeness has shown results very positive impact and a desired outcome on the business performance. It is believed that many variables such as entrepreneurial orientation, information technology have a linear impact on the business performance, also due to the competitive environment in every industry over the world pressure among the organizations has created a demand for the innovativeness and invention of the new products into the market which there by creating a question over the quality and performance about the quality. A continuous change in customers’ needs has led to this competition. According to the study a strong innovativeness indirectly impacts firm value through its effects on market situations and financial adversities.

There is a relationship between the variables and the leadership styles (transactional and transformational) which we have discussed earlier it is found out that transactional leadership has a meaningful and positive impact on the business performance in terms of the small-scale enterprises. It is also observed that Charismatic leadership and bureaucratic leadership had a negative and a narrow impact over the business performances.

As studied that leadership impacts business performance. Leadership often makes different sets of coaching and analysis during transitions of different phases of a leadership roles. Individuals in an organization are often trained at different stages it is believed that according to a CIPD (Chartered institute of personal development) has revealed that about 54% of the middle level leaders have given a feedback that support for new leader was ineffectively managed and about 33% of the first level leaders felt that a better self-consciousness could have helped them achieve success paths. This indeed raised concerns on having a leadership coaching which could contribute in a numerous number of ways such as helping the leadership to use the conceptual theories to be used in the real time scenarios, benefitting to enhance their skills, developing increased self-awareness, giving motivation to the manager and assisting them to gain greater self-confidence.

As per (Naughton, 2011) leadership coaching can be attained by adapting to a SWOT(Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats) approach. Integration also known as orientation or induction, transition coaching, leadership transition and onboarding coaching are all associated with the coaching in an organization. A leadership transition is said to be smooth when a new leader is aware of the needs and the deliverables of the organizations and failure to deliver those are often resulted in the organization suffering from the recruitment cost, loss of productivity and disturbance in the organization. A proper planning by the SWOT analysis can minimize a lot of the effects which can ultimately assist in reducing the chaotic situations occurring during the product deliver to the customer. (Mohamad Azizal Abd Aziz, 2015)

A suggested transition planning tool can assist in achieving the organization goals, timing and content plays vital role in leadership appointments. Key elements of the transition planning tool can be described as Role design as in understanding by assessment of competence and potential, transition coaching involving the discussed coaching types earlier, measures of effectiveness, relationships and networks, strategic connections, performance goals, accountabilities and a 4-way contract. (Naughton, 2011)

Assessment of leadership usually evaluates the technical, business and people management to match these to the desired leadership profiles. Transition coaching includes peer coaching feedback and mentoring. A four-way contract is usually an interaction with coach, trainer, mentor and a sponsor, accountability of the leaders to the stakeholders setting an expectation beforehand, performance assessment and planning for the milestones, roadblocks and deadlines. Communications of the leadership with management also impacts the over all project delivery, it is required that leader should learn to make quick connections and also able to use for the future long-term plans. Social connections can also be leveraged by having informal lunches, dinner and other out of work activities.

Along with the different leadership types, impacts and leadership training it is necessary to know the relationship between IT service management and IT service governance. IT Governance is tied with planning of the system for IT system frameworks to enable a viable, productive and reliable structure in accordance with organizations policies. IT management is the daily activites or the operations implementing these defined organization policies to assist in the smooth and efficient running of IT systems adhering to the organization policies. Below diagram describes about the relationship and hierarchy between the IT management and IT governance. (Hotti, 2015)

An IT service provider organization requires both IT service management and IT service governance. An IT service management consist of service managers, customer service managers, process managers, team managers, service desk specialists, configuration analysts, devOps under ICT Operations whereas projects has project manager and project team members. An IT service Governance has service management, service directors, service owners, process owners, project owners who direct, evaluate and monitor the governance project. They indeed report to the portfolio managers who are usually CIO and CSI managers. (Hotti, 2015)

This level of hierarchy along with the elements which discussed creates a work in enterprise architecture for the successful and productive delivery of the projects to the customers.

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