Month: October 2022
The Uses for Babies in Ireland in a Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift
With a swift skim over Johnathan Swift's A Modest Proposal, one might come to the conclusion that Swift wrote a proposal on other uses for babies in Ireland. However, by digging deeper into knowing Swifts background and further analyzing the proposal, it is understood that Swift was a satiric author. A Modest Proposal is an example of modern day's political cartoon. Since 1177, Ireland was under the British control ("A Modest Proposal," 2016). It is sarcastic response to solve the economic problems in Ireland. Swift successfully and effectively addressed his audience through expressing his disgust at the Irish people, his use of sarcasm and outrageous humor on the issues occurring in Ireland.
Johnathan Swift's purpose for writing this is to call attention to the Irish, his audience, on being abused by the English Protestants. During Swift's time period, Ireland was under the British rule. There were many issues occurring, one example was Ireland being majority Irish Catholic and England being mainly Protestant ("A Modest Proposal," 2016). Due to this issue, England passed many laws that limited the rights of Irish Catholics. While England was in control, the economy fell, there was famine and high taxes on the poor. The Irish were limited in advancement such as holding government office positions and receiving their education. Swift expressed his disgust at the Irish citizens for "putting up” with the way they were being treated by proposing the sacrifice of innocence babies" (P.296). While Swift's proposal sounds ludicrous, he effectively gets his point across by exposing the problems occurring in Ireland. He is essentially saying to Ireland, there are too many people here and not enough resources; how can you put up with this? Swift also points out that most Irishmen worked on the farms owned by Englishmen who increased the rent prices to the point that many were unable to pay them.
This resulted in many families, homeless, begging and living in starvation. There are children starving in rags, women running around selling themselves out for prostitution and mothers "[selling themselves to the Barbadoes" ((Swift 1729, Pg. 295). The cruelty of these issues is enough for the Irish people to do something about their country. Swifts use of sarcasm helped addressed his audience by saying that the economy in Ireland is so bad things could not get worse. This proposal could benefit the society more than any law England will pass as well as anything the Irish people will do to help fix the economy. Swifit's first use of sarcasm is the title, A modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public. This title is anything but modest. In the title, the word modest means "not bold; limited in size, amount, or scope" (Merriam-Webmasters Dictionary 1828). This proposal is outrageous and extreme. Another one of Swift's use of sarcasm, in his proposal, is that "at a year old be offered in sale to the persons of quality, and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table” (Pg. 297). Swift is explaining that if the people plump up their babies, they can sell them for a high cost; the fatter the baby the higher the profit. The government is not going to help out its citizen's, how much worse could the economy get if Ireland sold their babies for money.
Humor in political cartoons are people's way of saying, "This is what's wrong with society, laugh with me, but acknowledge the issues." His tone throughout the entire proposal is comical and serious he takes issues and provides a humorous solution. Even in Swift's opposing views he says it with humor, "I can think of no other objection that will possibly be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the kingdom" ((Swift 1729, Pg. 301). The entire proposal is humorous which makes it enjoyable, understandable and easy to comprehend. His diction is straight to the point and does not beat around the bush.
In conclusion, Swift successfully addressed his audience through his disgust at the Irish people, his use of sarcasm and humor on the issues occurring in Ireland, Swift discusses how disgusted he is with the beggars of Ireland and how no only is the government not helping, but the Irish people are not fighting for the rights they deserve. Swift's use of sarcasm in the title and by selling babies is his way of saying the economy cannot get any worse, this proposal is not any better. Lastly, Swift's use of humor within his proposal helped address his audience. He was able to take a serious topic and make it acknowledgeable to the people of Ireland.
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The Uses for Babies in Ireland in A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
The Major Flaws in the Literature the Old Man and the Sea, a Separate Peace, Romeo and Juliet, and a Modest Proposal to Depict Human Nature
Throughout the many pieces of writing that we have read this year none of the pieces that we read accurately depict human nature. In my opinion all of the pieces of writing that we read in class do not accurately depict human nature.
In our first unit that we read The Old Man and the Sea. This book does not depict human nature accurately. The old man is a fisherman. He has been unsuccessful in catching fish. Since he is old and has been a fisherman for such a long time he must know all of the tricks and would be able to catch fish on a regular basis. Generally when you get that old you do not do the same thing for so long and keep failing at it. This does not depict human nature. When people have failed at the same thing for such a long time they will generally change what they are doing until they find something that works. To conclude, this book does not depict human nature.
In our second unit we read the book A Separate Piece. This book also does not depict human nature. In the book there is one scene in particular that does not depict human nature. Finny decides to try to beat the school record in swimming and he does but the only person there to witness it is Gene. Gene then tells him that he should do it again with enough witnesses there to make it official but Finny does not want to. This does not depict human nature. When people do something the best the want to be not only recognized but know for it. When Finny and his friends were playing games he always made sure that everyone played and never made a point of having everyone know that he is better than everyone else. Therefore, this does not depict human nature accurately. To sum up, A Separate Piece does not depict human nature accurately.
In our third unit we read Romeo and Juliet. This play does not depict human nature do not approve of them getting married. I think that parents truly want what is best for their kids and want them to be happy, therefore this would not make sense for the parents to not want them to live a happy life. Another thing that does not depict human nature is that Romeo and Juliet want to get married the following day after they meet. No one in real life does this. This does not depict human nature because humans are more cautious and do not make big decisions that fast. To Conclude, Romeo and Juliet do not depict human nature accurately.
In our fourth unit we read A Modest Proposal. In this piece of writing the author makes some ridiculous claims. The first thing that stood out to me is that families should not be able to decide if they want to keep their young children. I think that this does not depict human nature accurately. I do not think that families would let that happen to them voluntarily. Another example that does not depict human nature is the solution that the author gives. He suggests does not depict human nature. Human nature does not make people want to kill babies. To conclude, even though this is a satire this does not depict human nature.
All four of these units do not depict human nature accurately. All of the stories have major flaws that make them bad examples of human nature. In addition, most of the stories are not realistic. Most of them are not relatable and therefore don't make good examples for human nature. To sum up, all four of these units are bad examples of human nature.
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The Major Flaws in the Literature The Old Man and the Sea, A Separate Peace, Romeo and Juliet, and A Modest Proposal to Depict Human Nature. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
Social Problems in Suzanne Collins’ the Hunger Games and Jonathan Swift’s a Modest Proposal
Suzanne Collins The Hunger Games and Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal both tell the story of a suffering land, and what characters do or could do to try and survive in the world the they are born into. Katniss and Peeta fight for their lives in the Hunger Games, while Swift solves Ireland's internal problems by proposing that we use one-year-old babies as a food source. Both provide compelling arguments and plots, but what makes their argument so strong is that between different groups in their personalities and situations, and use parallels to the real world as a support. Collins and Swift approach the argument in different ways, but their impact is similar.
Jonathan Swift describes the plight of the Irish people in a way that makes the reader feel sympathy for them. However, Swifts solution to their problems is to sell babies, which has moral repercussions. Swift almost completely ignores any form of moral argument against his idea of selling babies as food. However, he does acknowledge one argument he has, which is that Britain might have an objection. He does not even consider the potential problem that Ireland's population might decrease, and does not consider it a point of the argument.
We can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, and flesh being of too tender a consistence, to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country, which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it. (Swift)
Swift maneuvers the argument so that the only person who matters is England, but his use of satire in this matter highlight the Ireland's plight in the face of England. The only problem England would consider relevant is whether the children from England would be sold too. Almost scornfully, Swift assures the country that the science of food preservation keeps their children safe, so they are allowed to partake in this idea without feeling guilty, portraying England as selfish and unscrupulous, despite their appearances.
Collins also introduces some form of misguided interests in the Hunger Games, especially amongst the people that populate the Capitol. Although the Hunger Games was meant as a tool to squash rebellion in the remaining 12 out of 13 Districts, it also served as a form of entertainment for the citizens of the Capitol, like Venia, Octavia, and Flavius.
...even though they're rattling on about the Games, it's all about where they were or what they were doing or how they felt when a specific event occurred. “I was still in bed!" "I had just had my eyebrows dyed!" "I swear I nearly fainted!" Everything is about them, not the dying boys and girls in the arena. We don't wallow around in the Games this way in District 12. We grit our teeth and watch because we must and try to get back to business as soon as possible when they're over. (Collins)
The people of the districts are forced to watch the spectacle, and must go back to work immediately so that they don't starve, while Katniss's stylists watch it for excitement. While their names beings reminiscent of the Romans, we get the first image of them watching gladiator fights and deriving pleasure from the suffering the contestants felt. However, their dialogue of the Games is similar to how we react to variety shows and reality television in real life. Collins implicates us as Swift implicates England as beings that are so removed from the suffering of less fortunate people, we can watch as atrocious actions are carried out with no moral scruples, as we are separated from the victims by a body of water or land or a television screen.
Besides the moral implications from both works, the authors also use their plots and language to target the disparity between the rich and the poor. Swift targets the prejudices against the poorer fraction of the Irish population that are forced by circumstance to work for the richer part of the population. He speaks of the carcasses of babies as being useful only to those in the society that can afford the luxury of having mostly useless things. The richer women can use the children's baby soft skin for gloves, and the richer family would enjoy the delicacy of baby meat.
I have reckoned upon a medium that a child just born will weigh 12 pounds, and in a solar year, if tolerably nursed, increaseth to 28 pounds. I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. (Swift)
Swift talks of the babies' weights as a convenient way of judging their value to the society as food, as we often talk of fish. A fish of 15 pounds catches a higher price than a fish of 10 pounds. He then furthers the idea of the rich dehumanizing the poor by emphasizing how the parents have already been devoured, in terms of resources, opportunities to create a better life for themselves, and their current states of being. As baby meat may become a delicacy, it makes sense that the landlords would be the main consumer.
The blame that Swift tacks on to the landlords of Ireland are paralleled with the blame that Collins pins on the citizens of the Capitol for how they live as opposed to the squalor of the Districts. When Katniss dines with Cinna during their first meeting, she highlights every aspect of the meal that she is eating, and sees if she can make that same meal for her mother and sister.
I try to imagine assembling this meal myself back home... I can't even guess what's in it Days of hunting and gathering for this one meal ... would be a poor substitution for the Capitol version. What must it be like, I wonder, to live in a world where food appears at the press of a button? How would I spend the hours I commit... to sustenance if it were so easy to come by? What do they do all day, these people in the Capitol, besides decorating their bodies and waiting around for a new shipment of tributes to roll in and die for their entertainment? (Collins)
While the Districts can barely scrape up edible food for themselves, the Capitol never hungers, District people have to. The food the Capitol consumes is processed and packaged to a farther extent that you can press a button to get rid of your hunger. In our case, we can go to a McDonalds or a Restaurant and choose what we want from a menu to have it delivered to our resources to make a meal, let alone one that is cooked to perfection and made savory by oils and spices we import from the developing countries. The United State's wasteful living is almost a replica of the Capital siphoning resources from the rest of Panem for their own entertainment.
Both Swift and Collins place blame on us, the readers, as well as real life groups in better positions then others in general for passively watching the problems of others, and proposing solutions that may seem to help even if they are morally reprehensible in some way, as long as we ourselves are not affected. Swift uses numerous references to figures and statistics to show the effectiveness of a solution and to mask the moral reprehensibility of his suggestions.
His suggestions are outrageous, but he ruthlessly points out that if we were to walk away from this solution, we would get morals mixed up in the matter, and eventually come up with no solution at all, and the problem would continue, and therefore, as the harbinger of this cure-all solution, he should receive a medal for his efforts. Collins doesn't use facts and numbers, but she develops her characters throughout the story, and uses the interactions to show how different people in the Capitol and people in the Districts are, and why they act the way they do. The people of the Capitol don't know any better as they were bred into this life of luxury, to the point where if you were to put them in the Districts, they would die. The rest of Panem lives in fear of dying from living a wasteful life.
From the two authors, we can piece together social problems that plague the real world both today and centuries ago, as we take advantage of other groups and societies for their resources, and even though we are sympathetic to their suffering, we would never once consider giving our own comforts away so that they may have a chance at what we had. We just resign ourselves to watch their fate passively, and continue on with our own lives. Their works bring to light the fact that we push away the true major problems of the world out of selfishness and fear, and offer a chance for self-reflection and possible reformation.
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Social Problems in Suzanne Collins' The Hunger Games and Jonathan Swift's A Modest Proposal. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
The Career Industrial Instrumentation
Through my knowledge of having an interest in the career Industrial Instrumentation, I have understood details of the profession. There are classes and test needed to be taken to endure this career. Mostly the classes are mathematics and science, the classes are usually hands-on learning and lab works. The test on the other hand consist of Pneumatics and Control Theory, Electrical and Electronic Theory, Equipment Knowledge, Test Instruments and Operating Procedures, and Physics. Now through all the classes and test that have been provided and hopefully completed, they will position you at your best strength so they can be assured that the job will be accomplished on time with no excuses. Verification is needed to assure that you have taken the class and have a better understand of different positions and different roles. They main reason why you need verifications is that you have repeatedly and competently performed the tasks described in the Industrial Instrumentation Work Element descriptions.
There are some skills that are really good to posses or want to have creative problem-solving and troubleshooting skills, excellent critical thinking skills and a high level of numeracy, good communication and interpersonal skills, strong team working skills, with an ability to motivate others and to lead or manage teams and projects, flexibility and an ability to compromise, a willingness to accept responsibility and make decisions, a high level of attention to detail, excellent customer care skills and good commercial awareness, an understanding of, and ability to work with, high-level computer technology. For a better understating of the job, industrial instrumentation is to ensure that industrial equipment and machinery work safely and efficiently. Some of the job positions may work in an office, a laboratory, on a factory floor or all three.
Responsibilities typically include: preparing and agreeing project budgets, timescales and specifications with clients and managers. In the work office there is many that need to be complete and be well under maintenance to make sure the company does go bankrupt, or failure of production. It may also consist of preparing and agreeing project budgets, timescales and specifications with clients and managers, undertaking relevant research, producing and implementing designs, creating test procedures, evaluating test results, modifying and calibrating products and instruments, writing reports and documentation, analysing and interpreting data, collaborating with a team of scientists and engineers providing technical support. The laboratories are pretty interesting but is not what I will be majoring in They firm sells a mix of instruments, including balances, pipettes, titrators, and physical and thermal analyzers used for sample preparation, benchtop work, and materials characterization. The firm also offers lab software, process analytical instruments, and automated chemical synthesis systems. The work floor on the other hand is something interesting, there is different position within that position that require different tools for that specific position. The basic tools are: Hand tools (wrenches, screwdrivers, pliers, wire cutters, wire strippers, channel locks, etc.), Flashlight, Clipboard, Safety Equipment (Hard hats, safety glasses, ear protectors, and steel-toe shoes), Calculator, Psychrometric Chart, Multi Tool, and other tools that will be used every day in the workspace.
Average Industrial Engineer Yearly Salary in the United States. Industrial Engineers earn an average yearly salary of $79,592. Salaries typically start from $46,190 and go up to $115,253. An Instrument Technician earns an average wage of $20.23 per hour. All regular employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) Plan after 30 days of employment. If you do not actively enroll within 30 days of hire, you will automatically be enrolled in the Plan at a contribution rate of 3%, which will be deducted from your second paycheck after the 30 day eligibility period ends. You may opt out of the Plan within the 30 day eligibility period and as soon as you receive your first paycheck by calling Fidelity. An employee may contribute 1-50% of earnings on a pretax basis, up to the IRS limit. MKS will match your contributions to the Plan up to 3% of your compensation. To take full advantage of the match you will need to contribute 6% of your compensation and MKS will match 50 cents on each dollar you contribute up to 3%. You are always vested in your own contributions and earnings.
Vesting in the discretionary company match and Profit-Sharing Plan (if any) is after the completion of 1 year of service. They also offer a Roth 401(k). Both the Roth 401(k) and traditional 401(k) are subject to the annual IRS limits. Now from all of the boring information and making this profession seem terrible, here are some benefits about the job. Health and dental coverage is adequate. Yearly bonuses are a pous. Minimal vacation time at the start of your career. If you get hurt while on the job, you may be eligible to receive benefits even if you are a temporary or part-time worker. Workers' compensation as an employee even if you are called an “independent contractor.” Almost all employers have to buy workers' comp insurance. But there is a process that must be taken to get this cover by the company and not through your pocket. You must report every injury or illness and visit the right medical provider. Then tell the doctor that you were hurt while on the job, and to also ask your employer to explain its workers’ comp coverage.
Also remember that if your employer says you’re not covered because your accident was your fault, it might be lying so ask for more information. Stay sober, if covered get better, and then get back to work. Yes there are some accidents that can happen that are terrible, but it's very rare that us occurs more than once or in the same year. Industrial places aren't a bad place to work at, there is just some minor difficulties that happen throughout the year of the company. There was an accident when I was born, it was in January 30, 2000: Baia Mare cyanide spill took place in Baia Mare, Romania. The accident, called the worst environmental disaster in Europe since Chernobyl, was a release of 100,000 tons of cyanide-contaminated water into the rivers Somes, Tisza’ and Danube by an Aurul mining company due to a reservoir breach. Although no human fatalities were reported, the leak killed up to 80 percent of aquatic life in some of the affected rivers. The latest accident happened was in September 10, 2016. A boiler explosion in a packaging industry in the town of Tongi, Gazipur, led to the death of 23 workers.
The explosion was so powerful that it made part of the four story building collapse. The explosion also triggered a fire which spread to surrounding areas. Industrial instrumentation is a hard working job that consists of many risks, but it is worth it. It is laborious work but the pay is really good and worth all the pain and determination. There is this saying, if you find a job you like you'll never work a day in your life. You'll see your effort being put to good use instead of seeing the pain and coming home exhausted and tired. I hope you have a better understanding of my career and pursue it as well.
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The Career Industrial Instrumentation. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
Advantages of Serving Obligatory Community Service by American Students
Forty Hours of Community Service
As a teenager there are many expectations put on us like: getting good grades, helping out at home, and keeping out of trouble. The one thing I don't mind doing is the forty hours of community service. Everyone has heard about the forty hours of community service that must be completed before graduation. Most people dread it but if you put it into perspective it's more than helpful. The forty hours of community service should be enforced for the following reasons: you can help your community, you can learn important work skills, and you will become social through new connections.
Community service is an easy way to get involved and be active in your community. First, students have a great opportunity to contribute to their community and feel proud of about the positive changes. For example, park and neighborhood clean-up projects, church fundraisers, and running children's activities. Doing community hours also helps a student get in touch and get to know their neighbors, especially the elderly who enjoy the company. Getting involved in your community is an easy way to get hours.
During the forty hours of community service students learn many work skills, that will benefit them for future employment. Student's skills are very valuable to employers, they have to work through and learn how to problem solve. There are many skills such as: interacting with people, time management, teamwork, work quality, following directions, and listening to the boss. It is a chance for young people to experience what the work world is like and things they need to know if interested in working in that field. Taking part in the 40 hours of community services, builds confidence and responsibility; these fundamentals will be important in future jobs and careers. As students work in a real life setting, they can use volunteering projects to explore and improve upon existing skills. Students can explore potential careers and find out what they need to develop in order to work in the field.
One of the greatest benefits that students participating in community services achieve are the opportunity to make connections and relationships within the community. You will develop your social skills, because you are meeting people with common interest and goals. Those students who may be more shy will gain the confidence to express their thoughts and talents. Others will be able to practice and show leadership skills to employers. Community service opens students up to networking opportunities, allowing them to build new relationships within their community as they contribute. Students can meet new people, work in new places, and makes ties to the community. Students be able to build their resume and have more people who can write letters of recommendation. Being social is a huge part of the forty hours.
The forty hours of community service are very essential because they support your community, you learn important work skills and create wonderful friendships. Community is where you live and if you can improve it with community service, then it's a winwin. Work skills are huge when you start looking for a job, it's the first thing employers look at. Having the forty hours of community service as part of the requirement for high school, it gives young people a great opportunity to prepare for future jobs while being positive leaders in the community. Becoming social is a great part of community service, because who doesn't love having friends and talking to people. Overall the forty hours of community are more than needed.
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Advantages of Serving Obligatory Community Service by American Students. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
A Personal Account of Performing Community Service Hours Tutoring in High School
The time that I spent tutoring however, was and still is very different from my experience as a temporary ramp-stain applicator. I wasn't even entirely sure that I was going to put down the time I spent with my student until I realized I needed them. I started tutoring the kid on his request and not on my own actually, which I found funny when I heard it was someone that I actually knew. Chris was the name of the kid who requested that I tutor him, and since I knew him I decided it wouldn't be a bad idea. The tutoring sessions happened in the library and didn't much have to do with politics either, unless you take it on an extreme level and involve all of the budget ordeals that have been going on with the school and New York State.
The organization that we are a part of is a High school and anything affiliated with its political standing didn't truly affect our ability to sit in the library and do math problems, so there isn't much to do with politics in this community service activity either. The sessions always went on longer than that of what they were supposed to. The late bus was always supposed to come at 3:45PM but somehow always ends up arriving at around 4:10PM. On the very first day I tutored the kid he wanted to play trash ball and show me how well he could shoot shots from a distance. I thought this was funny and through silly shenanigans such as playing trash ball in the library we became friends instead of just a tutor and a student. The interesting part was that the friendship we developed actually enhanced his desire to learn about the new common core system that's currently be implemented into 7th grade mathematics. I actually got use to tutoring very quickly and rather started to look forward to when I had tutoring sessions, though it is most likely because of whol was tutoring he also picked up rather quickly on the things that I was talking about and made me wonder if he even needed a good bit of the time.
One of the better moments of my high school career was on a day when we didn't have much to do and he for some reason took an interest in my physics lab I had out. He wanted to know about physics so I decided to humor him. I told him how bouncy balls are affected by gravity and why it is that they will never bounce back to their original height after they are dropped from mid-air. It was such a simple concept it amazed me how intently that he listened to what I had to say.
I pointed up at the high lights in the library, and the moment I pointed up he looked up at the lights, his face lit up in a way that is hard for me to describe. I had his full undivided attention in this subject that he wanted to know about and found interesting. I was treated more like an older brother teaching their younger sibling about something awesome. I have never been particularly good with kids and at that have grown to dislike junior high kids especially, but he shined through my petty annoyance and I felt like a real teacher. After that I knew I had to continue doing the tutoring sessions since they seemed to have more value than just teaching a kid how to do math. It was an experience in something that I am rather pessimistic in, rather a life experience that will probably stick with for as long as I retain the ability to hold memories.
All in all, performing my community service hours was not a bad experience, but a rather enjoyable one really. Though the ramp staining that I did with my friends was a fun activity it didn't really serve as much of a purpose as the tutoring did. I actually got a good experience and developed an interesting friendship with Chris from the time I spent and am going to spend tutoring until I graduate this year. There are most likely other community service activities that have values beyond just acquiring community service hours. Every experience gained regardless of how insignificant the experience is an experience that further develops your character, which is far more valuable than just simply fulfilling graduation requirements.
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A Personal Account of Performing Community Service Hours Tutoring in High School. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
A Personal Narrative of doing Community Service Work in San Felix and the Boy Kaleb and his Soccer Ball
"So, what church do you belong to?" Señor Concepcion, a broad-shouldered, elderly man asks me in Spanish. I hesitate, but not because I do not understand him. Do they even know about Jews in rural Panama? I respond meekly in Spanish, "I don't belong to a church." "Ah," he replies with a slight nod of his head and pursed lips, trying to hide his disappointment. We sit in silence on for what seems like minutes. The only noise is a small rotating fan which clacks as it turns, blowing warm air into our faces. The wrinkled woman sitting on the other side of the couch breaks the silence and says to her daughter, Elena, “Kaleb is coming home from school soon." I ask about the family's five year old boy and the grandparents speak adoringly of their grandson. Soon, however, the conversation peters out again and the smile pasted on my face starts to hurt my cheeks.
When our "Global Works" group arrived in the small town of San Felix, Panama, we waited for our host families to pick us up, anxiously chattering. When a family arrived, a pair of teens from the group would roll their suitcases down the dirt road, following their Panamanian families to the houses they would be staying at for the next week. As another pair walked away, one of them looked back at our group as if to say, "If I don't return, tell my Mom I love her."
A short, middle-aged woman walks up with a wide smile and introduces herself as Elena. I am the only one who requested a solo home stay, so as we walk, I have no one with whom to share nervous looks. Elena asks me some questions about my family and tells me a bit about San Felix. I make a conscious effort not to look back at my friends. I try to respond, but I am no conversationalist in English, and having to speak in Spanish adds to the challenge. I end up just smiling back at her and nodding my head while trying to avoid the chickens strutting in front of us.
We arrive at a small house. After walking through an open cement patio, I find myself in a cramped kitchen with a square table and four chairs. The walls are stucco and painted a salmon pink. Elena opens a thin curtain and gestures to a tiny rectangular room. A twin bed takes up about half of the room. I lay my duffle bag in a corner and another fourth of the space is gone. When I walk back through the kitchen and into the living room, Elena's father, Señor Concepcion, and his elderly wife are sitting on either side of a worn red couch, the space in the middle clearly for me.
A small boy dressed in a white t-shirt and khaki shorts runs into the living room and throws his red Superman backpack onto a chair. "Hola Mami!" He says in a high voice. Elena introduces us and Kaleb gives me a shy wave. Hoping to keep the awkward silence at bay for a little longer, I retrieve a large bag from my duffle and hand a present in penguin gift wrapping to each member of the family. Elena and her mother thank me for the soft bath towels, and Señor Concepcion flashes me a smile for his new Red Sox shirt. Kaleb unwraps his gift slowly, but as soon as he catches a glimpse of the Spiderman soccer ball, he tears the gift wrap with reckless abandon. "Do you want to go play soccer?" Kaleb asks me, already dribbling the soccer ball around the room. Seeing the looks of approval on the adults' faces I say, "Por supuesto (of course)" and we run outside.
As we walk to the soccer field, the fresh afternoon air brushes our faces and the moist grass tickles and cools our legs. "You play goalie and I'll shoot,” Kaleb announces. Taking a few steps back, he runs at the ball and kicks it, hitting me square in the stomach. We both laugh. After almost an hour of Spiderman traveling back and forth across the field, I realize that Kaleb is not getting the least bit bored. “Kaleb, you wanna do something else?" I ask hopefully. "Alright," he says, “I'll play goalie and you shoot."
Each day I would leave with the other American teenagers to do community service work. But as soon as I returned to the small house, Kaleb would run to greet me, red soccer ball in hand. No matter how exhausted, I couldn't help but smile and follow him to the field. On our last day in San Felix, I return from work in a torrential downpour. Kaleb is not deterred. He leads me through town to an open concrete floor with a tin roof high overhead.
The sound of the rain is magnified on the roof, rumbling like an earthquake. I try to punt the ball to Kaleb, but instead it flies straight up, wedging itself in between two metal beams in the ceiling. Tears start to fill the little boy's brown eyes as he looks up at his lost ball. I walk over to him and get down on one knee so his small face is close to mine. "Kaleb, I know you're sad, but whenever you see that Spiderman ball up there, remember me, and know I'll be thinking of you."
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A Personal Narrative of Doing Community Service Work in San Felix and the Boy Kaleb and His Soccer Ball. (2022, Oct 05).
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The Benefits of doing Community Service to Students and Young People
You could be doing anything right now. You could be cramming for tomorrow morning's Biology exam. You could be tweaking the conclusion of your English paper. You could be reviewing your manager's quarterly report. Or, you could be comfortably propped up on the living room couch, catching up on Andrew Lincoln's wasting of zombie hordes-blissfully, mindlessly.
But you're not. Instead, contrary to the flow and demands of the day, you find yourself reading “Giving Community Service, Despite a Busy Schedule.” Really? How 'bout “Living LIFE, Despite a Busy Schedule"? I hear you, I understand. Not only are you torn between a test and a paper, a lecture and a TV series, but you're casually confronted with the topic of "community service which, at least initially, has no discernable significance to your immediate life or wellbeing. Let's say, however, that we do muster the motivation to give just a little bit of community service. What benefits would be had from it, despite our busy schedules?
The majority of young adults—and most likely yourself—who object to the prospect of giving community service typically do so on the grounds of being busy. They (and you) might say, "I have things to get done!" or "I'll fall behind in school and work!" And those are perfectly valid sentiments. I, for one, am enrolled in fifteen credits at Brigham Young University. I'm also a writing tutor for the University, typically putting in ten hours a week. I'm also serving as a volunteer "elders quorum president" in my church, wherein I, among many other things, lead and facilitate church services and instruction for about forty men each Sunday. Also, I eat food, I try to get adequate sleep each night, and I attempt to socialize (if you can call it that). Sound familiar? So where—and why-should giving community service fit in with all this?
Well, despite how busy we are, giving community service can actually help us in our busyness; it can help us budget our time more effectively. Recently, a bright team of researchers decided to explore the effects of giving community service on adolescents' development and how post-service reflection aids in that development). In conclusion, they discovered that "[giving, community service ... has positive effects on the way adolescents behave and think about school, themselves, others, and society," including time management (Van Goethem et al. 2128). So if giving community service can lead to, among other things, a better budgeting of time, then perhaps it would be valuable to at least try confirming the research of these experts for ourselves. Just to see.
Now, corresponding with the busyness issue is its converse: the free-time issue. You might say, "Hey, I enjoy what free time I get!" And, as you would presume, so do I. Anything with the word free in it is worthy of laud, but free time is something uniquely cherishable. But what do we really mean by "free time"? Not having things to do not having pressing matters to tend to, sure. But what exactly is enjoyable about the temporary absence of chores? Really it's the peace of mind that we feel in an otherwise crowded, chaotic day; it's the relief that our overworked minds experience from not having to continuously juggle and analyze a myriad of tasks. So when we say we enjoy "free time," really we're saying we enjoy the peace and relief the feelings-associated with free time. Splitting hairs? Let's see.
Having established the semantics, giving community service can indeed help us experience those same pleasant feelings associated with free time (or at least a worthwhile degree of them). As if talking to your friends about their personal experiences with community service wasn't enough, consider the results of some scholarly research. Robert Serow, a professor of pedagogy at North Carolina State University, decided to investigate the motives for people's giving of community service. He discovered that, in doing so, people typically end up obtaining what they're motivated by, such as "friendship, helping other people, ... pleasure/new experience[s], professional satisfaction, religion/spiritual fulfillment, recognition from others, social justice/equality," and "peace," among other things. There it is: peace. If peace and stillness are what you truly seek after during free time, then take heart in the fact that they can also be found by giving community service. Again, see for yourself!
Finally, you might say, "I'll miss out on social opportunities!" I know! Why would you spend a Saturday giving community service when you could be watching a BYU basketball game with friends? (BYU basketball? Fine, different team.) Why would you spend an afternoon picking up trash with others when you could be arduously doing homework in study groups at the library? Why would you associate with other peers familiar and new—while assisting the elderly or improving the community when you could, I don't know, crowd yourself against sixty sweaty strangers at an earsplitting rave in your old roommate's basement?
Ah, there it is... Can giving community service actually provide you with opportunities to socialize with peers, along with (or in replacement of) subpar activities you might otherwise be engaged in? Apparently so. In Serow's previously quoted research, "friendship" is usually one of the assets obtained through giving community service. In addition to that, Darian Smith, founder of the Community Service Division of the National Federation of the Blind, said that "finding an opportunity to (give community service) can build your confidence, connect you with new friends, and open your mind to new possibilities". In the experiences of Smith, as well as the experiences of myself and of my friends, acquaintances are just waiting to be had and solidified for the coming decades, and giving community service is an excellent medium for forging those friendships.
Schedules are tough to balance. After cramming in school, work, relationships, and sleeping, where's room for giving community service, let alone time off? As we've seen though, giving community service can actually help us budget our time more effectively, and it can help us experience a refreshing, uplifting state of mind. It can help us meet new people and bond with familiar friends. So given all these wonderful reasons, why not try lending a hand next Saturday afternoon? Why not get a few friends to help out at the senior center down the street, or pick up some trash at the community park? Doesn't seem so strenuous now, does it, but ultimately, the choice is yours.
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The Benefits of Doing Community Service to Students and Young People. (2022, Oct 05).
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A Discussion on the Importance of Community Service Assignments for Students
Nowadays, many people have to learn as many skills as they can, so that they can get the jobs that they find interesting. The government requires students to perform minimum of 15 hours community service to graduate from high school. This menial amount of hours should be quite easy to accomplish and urges students to get involved. It is only right that high school students go out and benefit society at such a young age to leave impressions and to simply be a good person.
Community service assignments can teach students vital keys to success in the working world for example being on time for a service. Lessons can be taught at community service that carry on with you. You should do the services from your heart and do not give up easily. Besides, although community services are helping people, and gain an understanding about each other and can be thought about issues and situations that are taking place in the real world. On surveys obtained by the "Council for Excellence in Government Youth” ages 15-22 all vote that community service being forced unfavorably. Ironically 23-25 year olds believe that it should be required amongst those students to complete community service hours.
Moreover, Community services can help for a teen future. Some students may even be interested in a career through the opportunities provided for them. In my community service experience I have learned how to help the less fortunate and it has truly changed my life and has lifted me to be a better person. Community service adds experience and demonstrates maturity. It demonstrates excellent organization, communication and good team spirit. People can use previous experiences in the future as they have obtained on the job. In "Volunteering Opens Teens Eyes to Nursing" the fact that this impressionable 13 year old boy realized that helping the elderly would gain him knowledge and grace. He stated "I would spend time with them every day if I could." The most wonderful thing about Community service is the bond that forms between people making it unforgettable.
"Community Service is something that needs to be done. Community Service situates our moral center; it teaches us through experience about the relationship between empathy and responsibility, about what it takes to be part of a community in essence, about being human."
This mission statement of The Dalton School in Manhattan is the perfect definition of why high school Community Service hours should be required. By adapting to this new society we are in, community service and helping one another brings back the bond felt between two strangers. It teaches you so much and nothing is better than the feeling of accomplishment after helping making the world a better place.
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A Discussion on why Students should not be Forced into Participating in Community Service
It has been suggested that students should be required to complete community service hours in order to be accepted into colleges and universities. Although there is valid reasoning behind this it isn't necessary to force everyone into community service. There are several reasons behind this: it's been proven that taking a year off of college can inhibit people ever going and community service isn't in the best interest of every individual.
There is a law circulating around Texas that students should be required to complete community service hours before being allowed to graduate. This forces students into falling behind on academics in order to complete community service on top of students already playing sports, being in clubs, and having jobs. This isn't exactly volunteering, and instead is mandated service hours. This will not make students more well rounded as Trey Martinez, the initiator of this bill, writes; because the students are forced into the service instead of reaching the conclusion that they wanted to do it on their own.
It's a statistical fact that people who take a year off college in order to pursue other alternatives are less likely to ever go to college like they originally planned to do. People will go into the workforce as volunteers and never leave because they'll get sidetracked and never even apply to where they wanted to go as a newly graduate. As a newly graduate all the information you just learned in high school is still fresh on the brain while taking a year off for community service can cause some of that information to diminish and you be left with less than you would have.
Community service is a great idea for some people, but for others not so much. This bill in Texas suggests that military service can be used as community service. That a minimum of four years before finally going off to college. While the military can be a great way to pay for your education, it's definitely not for everyone. And if the number of service workers increase, the number of availabilities will decrease, then some people will be forced into the military to even get to go to college. This can ultimately be very hurtful to the work force and the military, this can cause casualties from people not really wanting to be fighting for their country and less people will be back home doing the jobs that are needed that college applicants are usually doing.
While forced community service can broaden people's minds, increase self awareness, community service equals better person is holding people back from their true potential based on an idea that doing community service automatically makes you a better person. From people not ever going back to college, forced labor, and community service not being in the best interest for everyone it is not a valid option to make this into a law.
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A Personal Experience of doing Community Service
One of the simplest ways that I gain satisfaction from life is by dedicating my time to a cause that I feel passionate about. Community service, in particular, offers numerous opportunities for me to utilize my talents to aid those in need of guidance and extra help. I decided to volunteer for the SPCA and the Ithaca chapter of United Way because of my undying love for animals and because I cherished the tight-knit community of United Way. The people who help with these programs are fellow members of my church congregation, and they are constantly willing to discuss the merits of helping all living creatures. Instead of being a burden, I discovered that serving others is an enjoyable experience if I found programs which catered to my interests. Among my numerous commitments to community service, these programs impacted my character in a positive manner and allowed me to feel proud of my accomplishments.
Throughout my time of service to the community, I had the opportunity to reinforce talents that I already possessed, and I even had the fortune to develop a new set of skills. By assisting abandoned and lonely animals, I became a more empathetic person, which aided in my daily relationships with both my furry friends and my human companions. Additionally, this volunteer opportunity allowed me to destress and momentarily forget all my problems, since spending time with animals miraculously transformed me into a happier and more content individual. However, the whole ordeal became a lesson about responsibility and flexibility for me. This change increased my flexibilty and patience, and it made the experience more unique, allowing me to meet people at various age groups from different schools and areas of town.
Overall, the opportunity granted me a chance to broaden my horizons. Although I have partaken in numerous volunteer activities in previous years, I often found myself dreading service projects this year. Continual pressure and stress concerning my academics, my college applications, and my future heavily burdened me. I still volunteered and aimlessly rushed from activity to activity, but I did not receive the fulfillment that I hoped to find. This was when I decided to make time for one of my biggest passions: animals. Whether I am walking dogs, feeding cats, or entertaining birds, I feel radiant when I am around animals.
Therefore, I decided to volunteer at the SPCA, a place I used to work at and a place that feels like my second home. From addressing hunger and food insecurity to donating 9,600 backpacks of food to children and their families, I enjoyed every moment of volunteering at United Way. The impact that I had on the lives of these young kids and the grateful smiles that their parents flashed towards me when their children received backpacks of food for weekends and the holidays was priceless. Nothing else could match the glorious feeling I got from making a difference in the lives of these children. Furthermore, it was through my work that I reconnected with childhood friends and became inspired by their ideas for impacting the world. For instance, one of my junior high companions biked across the country to raise money to combat poverty and hunger.
The ecstasy of the children I helped along with these amazing stories made my volunteer hours a worthwhile experience. Likewise, helping out at the SPCA also allowed me to transform the lives of other living creatures. For me, this program represents one of my first experiences with volunteering and it is this fact that makes the program so special to me. It excites me to see the happiness of other people who join the program realize that they want to allocate time for more community service projects. I also felt important and satisfied because through my service, I alleviated some of the duress and discomfort of these mistreated animals.
Even though community service is designed to help others, I often felt as if I benefited more than the people that I helped on many different levels; mentally, spiritually, and characteristically. I enjoyed the balance of a diverse, yet tight-knit group that focused on facilitating the lives of others. These experiences also helped to build character and leadership, transforming me into a more patient, responsible, and flexible person. I gained an opportunity to share my talents and positive qualities with a younger generation so that I could spark their interest in becoming an asset to the community, and to me, getting this opportunity is absolutely priceless. By learning to help others, I learned to appreciate myself and my actions at a more profound level.
Although the assignment is completed, my inclination to serve others has not faded. I will still continue to help others in the community regardless of where I go. This experience has helped me to cherish my ability to influence and impact others in a positive way, and it helped me to look at community service as a benefit for myself, instead of just another obligation I have to fit into my schedule. Even though I have participated in many service projects over the last few years, I failed to really immerse myself into the true meaning of helping others.
However, as I continue to do more for my community and discover hidden lessons within community service, I treasure my ability to help others. Community service brings out attributes within me that I never realized existed, challenging me to become more patient and caring, and encouraging me to strive towards being a better person.
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A Personal Experience of Doing Community Service. (2022, Oct 05).
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Twitter as a Tool for Tracking Intersectionality
Chaudhry, I. (2015). pass: #Hashtagging hate: Using Twitter to track racism online. First Monday, 20(2)
This paper considers three distinct ventures that have utilized Twitter to follow supremacist dialect: 1) Racist Tweets, 2) Anti-web-based life, and 3) The Geography of Hate Map. So as to feature the capacity to follow racism internet utilizing Twitter, every one of these undertakings gathered racist dialect on Twitter utilizing altogether different strategies, a discourse of every datum accumulation strategy utilized just as the qualities and difficulties of every technique is given. In a nut shell, this paper features why Twitter is an essential information gathering device for specialist’s on why race and prejudice is shown through social media.
Cooper, D. C., Thayer, J. F., & Waldstein, S. R. (2014). Coping with racism: the impact of prayer on cardiovascular reactivity and post-stress recovery in African American women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 47(2), 218–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-013-9540-4
Little is thought about racism and its effect with cardiovascular function. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyzed how cardiovascular reactivity, post-stretch recuperation, and emotional reactivity in light of racism related stress. African American ladies between the ages 18-40 revealed that the experience in the work place is very stressful on them, and having to deal with discrimination and prejudice remarks against them. Supplication adapting was analyzed for relationship with cardiovascular, healing, and emotional change scores utilizing general direct models with repeated measures.
Keum, B. T., & Miller, M. J. (2018). Racism on the Internet: Conceptualization and recommendations for research. Psychology of Violence, 8(6), 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000201
Prejudice keeps on flourishing usually and viciously on the Internet in the present advanced age. Online explicit factors, for example, expands and gives the right to speak freely. People secretly uninhibitedly unveil their supremacist belief systems for the general population online. However, little consideration has been paid to inspecting prejudice in online encounters. In analyzing this issue in depth, this paper talks about creating a structure in portraying the commonness of prejudice in online settings.
Mio, J. S., & Morris, D. R. (2018). A documentation of the cost of racism. Asian American Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000073
The primary area of this book gives a setting by analyzing the significance of considering prejudice while talking about methodological issues. For example, intersectionality, self-report or abstract encounters of racism, and go between of saw prejudice. The primary area of this book also talks about the introduction of authoritative documentation and the impacts of prejudice.
Romano, M. J. (2018). White Privilege in a White Coat: How Racism Shaped my Medical Education. Annals Of Family Medicine, 16(3), 261–263. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2231
This article elaborates on why racial benefit impacted the experience of a white doctor in preparing. While white Americans frequently consider 'racism' a social develop basically influencing minorities, 'prejudice' is an arrangement of both racial drawbacks just as proportional racial preferred standpoint. Remedial experts are progressively mindful of how social determinants of wellbeing lead to imperative wellbeing differences, anyway white doctors only from time to time ask how their own racial benefit strengthens a racial oppressor culture and what impacts this may have on our patients' wellbeing.
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Twitter as a tool for tracking intersectionality. (2022, Oct 05).
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Intersectionality in Religion, Struggle Black Religious Leaders
Dr. Monquie Moultrie, an Associate Professor at GSU in Religious Studies describes how black religious leaders are incubators for activism, how spirituality animates these leader’s activism, and how the leaders function as models for ethical leadership for future leaders. Moultrie describes how her interviewees, who are Black, specifically lesbian, despite their demographics, did find solace in religion. religious leaders work within their religious spaces and maneuver in such a way to find fulfillment within these spaces and ways to flourish. Dr. Monquie Moultrie shares how her interviewees can use their blackness, sexual identity, and place within their religious institutions to advocate for freedom. She mentions a reverend who wanted to help others find freedom for all, by kept sharing her life of what it was like growing up gay in the church.
Moultrie then cites another leader, Bishop revered Dr. Yvette Flinder, who’s goals for founding her church were to create an environment where people fight for their freedom and others who marginalized whilst uniting the gospel with various social movements. The Bishop also made it her goal to Speak on the intersectional nature of oppressions which she witnessed as her church expanded to different social justice works organically, from HIV to housing, women issues, prison reform, and border work. The speaker also includes Revered Pamela Lightsey, an activist who considers herself the first out black lesbian of the united Methodists church, made it her mission to fight homophobia in the methodist church as well as fight sexism within the Pentecostal church. These leaders, inspired by their identities and personal experiences, helped nurture activism inside and outside of the church communities.
Moultrie introduces How does spirituality animate the activism of her subjects’. Chloe Evans Professor Moore, 12:30 MW She mentions Reverend Katina Washington, whose career began as a chaplain, where she was taught to cultivate deep listening which translated into her activist work. As well as Dr. Yvette Flinder who felt it was her responsibility not only to make heaven but to get heaven to earth. Her spiritual beliefs inspired her to improve the world around her. Flinder also wanted to reclaim Jesus from those who wanted to use Christianity as a weapon against marginalized communities. Psychologist Thema Bryant Davis and Tyonna Adams claim that womanist activism is inherently based on resist oppression, but grounded in spirituality bc inspires them to fight injustice. The spirituality itself leads to a fight against injustice. Dr. Carrey, a spiritual activist claims that spirituality is individual and social. To her, the Lord’s prayer is a cue that she must uplift herself wit others. The spiritual roots of these women manifested into a fight against injustice. They are right because of Womanism discusses the intersectionality in religion, and introduces the idea of bringing identity, whether racial or sexual, or both , into theology.
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Intersectionality in Religion, Struggle Black Religious Leaders. (2022, Oct 05).
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Intersectionality of Class Minorities: Review and Questions
Intersectionality:
A framework sociologist use to examine social identities and how certain groups of people experience oppression and privilege through the interlocking axis of power (i.e., race, gender, socioeconomic class, etc.). Intersectionality is central to our social structures because hierarchies and institutions thrive on social norms, and when those axes intersect life is very different for people. Intersectionality looks at not just one experience but rather how they all interact, looking at things without said lens does not capture sufficiently the way in which people go about experiencing life and through this cumulative lens, we can see that race, gender, sex and other axes of life are complexly tied together.
Sexual essentialism:
The idea that men and women are primarily different for reasons that are unchangeable. Men and women act differently and have different options in life because of fundamental differences between the sexes.
Heteronormativity:
The belief or assumption that all people are heterosexual or that heterosexuality is the default or 'normal' state of human being. Societies that thrive on heteronormativity make assumptions that being heterosexual and performing certain gender feature and characteristics as 'default or normal.”
The charmed circle
Created by Gale Rubin that refers to attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to sex that are considered “normal and good” in the dominant culture. Particular values of good and bad are attached to certain sexual behaviors. An example of good behavior would be monogamy, and bad behavior would be polyamory.
Administrative violence:
The idea that different power structures, like politics and laws, as well as society, enacts violence unto others, specifically transgender people by requiring a person to be one binary gender or another. An example would be how health care benefits are attached to legal marriage, but being that transgender marriage is difficult to obtain, it is limiting.
Lesbaru:
From the podcast we listened to in class, referring to Subaru marketing specifically to lesbians. Subaru was at a slump in sales; thus, they began to target their advertisements to lesbians because they found that lesbians purchase Subaru’s at a higher rate than other consumers. Research showed that the LGBTQ community is full of profit, yet companies would not market to them because of values, beliefs, religion, etc. This shows us the profound power of heteronormativity.
Why do some radical feminists argue that all sex may be considered rape under a social system of patriarchy? How have queer theorists critiqued this conceptualization?
Some radical feminists argue that all sex may be considered rape under a social system of patriarchy because of the power imbalance between men and women. Because women can never be equal to men in patriarchy, they are never able to consent fully. Even if women consent it is internalized oppression, thus agreeing to be lesser. This relates to Catherine Mackinnon- Pleasure under Patriarchy reading which argues that heterosexuality is oppressive to women, that heterosexuality reinforces the gender and sexual hierarchy in our society and specifically for female-identifying persons. The critique is that this idea is very gender binary, doesn’t address transgender people, and only addresses M/F. This implies bodies with penises are men and without are women. Overall it is limiting and doesn’t capture the whole picture/scope of things.
Judith Butler, a queer theorist, has argued that “sex is always already gender” – what does she mean by this? What is an example of empirical evidence for Butler’s argument?
From this, I feel as though Butler means that because gender is a performative act within our culture so is sex. Because people do not distinguish between sex and gender, sex, how it is discussed, thought of and acted out is all gendered. People feel as though they must do certain things do to gender norms. Thus, how we act not only affects how people see and think about us but also how people are placed into different gendered behaviors and thus expected to act in that way. These “actions” are enforced and maintained by heterosexuality and heteronormativity, and thus this hegemony is ever present and powerful.
Why doesn’t Jane Ward conceptualize the men she studied on Craigslist as simply “bisexual”?
Jane Ward does not conceptualize the men she studied on Craigslist as simply “bisexual” because of the way they adamantly deny their “gayness.” These men go great lengths to deny a process in which they continually engage in same-sex sex, even when women are available. These men work to authenticate their identity as heterosexual through continually “enduring, imposing and repudiating” same-sex sex. This reinforces as well as perpetuates heterosexuality, heteronormativity, masculinity, whiteness, and privilege. Understanding own desires for men as being straight, heterosexual culture reinforces this notion.
In this class, we have discussed several ways sociologists, and queer theorists have conceptualized “sexuality.” For each of these conceptualizations of sexuality – 1) name the conceptualization, 2) explain it using at least one example, and 3) discuss its analytic pros and cons.
Throughout the term, we have discussed several ways sociologists, and queer theorists have conceptualized “sexuality.” There are five ways in which sexuality has been conceptualized: drives, identities, practices, organization, and cultures. Each has its positives and negatives. From each of these, we gain a better understanding of what sexuality is and how it moves and works throughout society.
Drives have to do with biology and the “drive” to be attracted to a certain gender. The positive here is that people understand their sexuality as something they were born with. The negative is that this concept does not account for changes/variation over time/life stages. Thus, it may not be all-encompassing. An example of this concept from the term would be the D'Emilio article in which he states, “I want to argue that gay men and lesbians have not always existed. Instead, they are a product of history and have come into existence in a specific historical era” (pg. 468). This exemplifies the negative that this concept of the drive does not account for changes over time.
The second concept is identities. This has to do with choosing an identity and how it creates a focus solely on gender. The negative is that this concept confines a person and is limiting because they do not talk about other things that constitute sexual desire. An example to illustrate this idea is “born this way” narrative for the fight for equality. This shows how this concept is something people can fight for and be proud of. The third concept is practiced. Focusing more on what people are doing, not who they are. This concept allows us to have data of what people do but limits us because that data does not always line up with how people feel about their sexual identities and desires.
The fourth concept, organization, involves how sexuality is as an organizing structure of society. Sexuality structures who gets benefits, healthcare, etc. thus we see it where we may not expect it. This relates to David Spades administrative violence. We see sexuality playing out within our society because only people who conform to the binary benefit. Although seeing it in an unexpected place is nice, the negative is that often there is a heavy focus on thought and discourses, rather than remembering sex is something people are doing with their bodies.
Finally, there are cultures. Cultures play a significant role in societies. They are the groundwork for which people understand things, but of course at different times and places things are conceptualized differently. For example, like Jane Ward demonstrates that fraternity life is a vast culture on its own. Fraternities hazing tactics, like elephant walking, attempt to instill Greek culture onto pledges. This culture ultimately is an attempt to test a person’s manhood but is extremely dangerous at times. Overall each of these concepts is important in understanding sexuality. Drives, identities, practices, organization, and cultures each bring greater knowledge, and each has its benefits, but in general, they aid us in understanding a difficult concept to grasp and ultimately take us one step closer to fully conceptualizing an in-depth concept.
Your Choice Short Essay (15 points total)
Homosexuality is often a debated concept within society. Whether or not being gay is a choice is a familiar debate. Another common debate is whether or not gay people have always existed. Commonly, because people believe being gay is not a choice, the answer is that gay people have always existed. However, from the Somerville article, we get a different answer. Because of things like scientific racism we can argue that gay people have not always existed.
In the 19th century, scientists came up with medical evidence that people are heterosexual and homosexual based on their bodies. They thought as though they were discovering homosexuality through physical differences. For example, that lesbians have big clitorises or that lesbians were male in the brain and thus wanted women. These “abnormalities” reflect eugenic ideas. Thus, it is from the fear of “mixed bodies” that scientists invented homosexuality.
From these differences in physicality, scientists “discovered” homosexuality. It is important to be clear that this idea is not to say that same-sex sex has not always existed but rather it has existed and merely heterosexual, and homosexual (as terms) came about in the 19th century. From this, we can conclude that gay people have not always existed. Rather the terminology was invented in order to relate better and attempt to understand sexuality in society.
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Childhood Asthma: Causes of Occurrence
60%-70% San Diego expanded rapidly after the second world war, spreading people across miles of land that were once nature preserves and farmland. Highways were designed and built to move people to the edge of the sprawl but created a path of destruction that is still being dealt with today. The development of the highways changed the landscape and communities it divided forever. San Diego needs to redevelopment and integrates a new master plan that will bring life to the urban core and start to heal the damages done by the placement of the freeways. Through cultural studies, we will see the damage highways have created with the segregation of neighborhoods, the tearing down of colored neighborhoods and separating them from the development of the cities. Through medicine, we will see the effects of urban sprawl on a community and we will see the health effects of living near freeways compared to open space. This project will begin with an in-depth look into how freeways tore apart neighborhoods and separated cities, urban sprawl, and the health effects of both urban sprawl and freeway pollution on the human body. The outcome of this project is to provide a solution to San Diego on how to improve neighborhoods, communities, and lives.
If San Diego densifies the existing core by taking advantage of available unused space in the city, then the outward spread of people could be slowed, the city would become healthier, and San Diego could bring people back closer to the urban core. America has a long and shameful history of placing ill-conceived freeways through—almost always—low-income neighborhoods populated greatly by people of color. These projects have destroyed and displaced whole communities created “scars” that are filled with traffic and separated neighborhoods from the development of the city. In 1956 the federal government passed the ‘Highway Act’ which would create 41,000 miles of interstate. Between the 1950s and the 1980s, a vast increase in cars began to clog to the new suburbs The federal government poured money into the brand new interstate system, cities undertook highway project that went directly through their downtown area. It presented an opportunity for city planners to clear out “slums” and open land for the highways. In the process, bulldozing thousands of homes and businesses.
Cities saw this process as a success since the neighborhoods being destroyed were in need an urban renewal. The displacement of people from these neighborhoods caused a downward spiral for neighborhoods near the freeways. Streets became less walkable, reduced foot traffic made businesses leave, and overcrowding and crime went up. These factors accelerated the decline of urban neighborhoods and accelerated urban sprawl. The development of the highway created a new probably that affected even more people and continues to affect people today. Traffic poluttion effected every with .2 or .3 miles of a highway. According to the Health Effects Institute who published an review of evidence that was put together by a panel of expert scientist. They concluded that “traffic pollution causes asthma attacks in children, and may cause a wide range of other effects including: the onset of childhood asthma, impaired lung function, premature death and death from cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular morbidity.” The most vulnerable were children and teens, and another study found that people with asthma and diabetes were more likely to be affected as well.
Other studies found that premature death, heart attack, and dementia risk increase if you are located closer to a highway. The development of the highway has led to the separation of communities and the poisoning of residents near the highways. Baltimore is a great example of how highways divided communities. West Baltimore is an exceptionally bleak area in an extraordinarily poor, overwhelmingly black American city. Racial divide runs deep here, a segregation of opportunity, class and even life expectancy. In the middle of this blight stands a monument to failed city planning: a giant scar that splits West Baltimore into north and south. Officially named State Route 40, it was originally intended to be an important part of a proposed east-west freeway presented as crucial to the city’s growth. This gigantic project upended hundreds of lives, transformed an entire landscape and cost tens of millions of dollars. The locals call it the “road to nowhere”. The six-lane highway that connects west Baltimore to downtown offers no use to the neighborhood it divides and is barely used. The communities on both sides faced went from middle-class neighborhoods rundown ghettos. In the development of highway 40, they lost residence, churches, and businesses. Detroit, like Baltimore, also suffered interstate projects that destroyed African American communities.
The town of Black Bottom was a vibrant, dense area in a prime location just north-east of downtown, however, with the decline of the auto industry, the neighborhood started to decline as well. The neighborhood became one of the first casualties in the grand “Detroit Plan”. “Freeways, hospitals, universities and housing developments were planned and built, creating radical changes to the city fabric, including the destruction of vast amounts of housing to construct Route 10 and I-75”(the guardian/ road to nowhere) In the development of the freeways that run all over San Diego, the city planners took into consideration the problems that they saw Los Angelos having, and cities across America, they witnessed the city being torn apart. Jacob Dekema who was in charge of designing, building, and overseeing the highways in San Diego, he wanted to hide San Diego’s freeways in our canyons and valleys and minimize the damage to views of sky and sea, canyons and bluffs.
Unlike some of his peers, he did not view concrete freeways as civic monuments to heroism. Unfortunately, the freeways still divide multiple communities within San Diego. When the 5 freeway was installed in San Diego it upended, demolished, and ruined neighborhoods along the way. Demolition of sections of neighborhoods segregated neighborhoods from development and growth that the rest of the city experienced. We have the 5 freeway which was built in the 50s that is now the outline of downtown San Diego. In the Process of it being built Barrio Logan, Sherman Heights, and Little Italy were split. Barrio Logan was split by the 5 and the Coronado bridge and portions were rezoned for industrial use. Sherman Heights was split from East village by the 5 freeway and Golden Hill by the 94 freeway.
It became a hub for immigrants as the wealthier residents left. Over the years, as homes were converted to apartment buildings, absentee landlords let their property deteriorate, and with vacant land near the highways, Sherman heights became an attraction for criminal activity. Little Italy was also a neighborhood that was split by the 5. The community was once a vibrant and walkable city where generations grew up but the placement of the 5 split the community in two. The neighborhood was destroyed, people left and the area was avoided until the early 2000s.
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Childhood Asthma: Causes of Occurrence. (2022, Oct 05).
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The Effect of Antihistamines on Asthmatics
Abstract:
We are now Celebrating a century of progress after the initial discovery of histamine's physiological and pathological roles ,and 70 years after the initial introduction of H1-antihistamines for medical use[1]. this review will discuss histamine role in allergic reaction such as asthma and chronic pruritus , mechanisms of action of antihistamines ,types of histamine receptor ,classes of antihistamines , Role of Antihistamines in allergic inflammation, side effects, and Clinical Trials Targeting Histamine Receptors , Numerous cell types associated with inflammation have been shown to modulate the activity by H4R in vivo, so H4R is used as a novel drug target for allergy and inflammation treatment . Clinical trials models indicate that H4 R could account for many other histamine roles which are not blocked by the H1 receptor . In particular, The discovery and expression of the H4R on various immune and inflammatory cells has initiated a re-evaluation of histamine action , suggesting a new overlapping between H1 and H4 function [2]. Antihistamines have a long and rich history and a very promising future.
Introduction:
On the off chance that you've got an sensitivity, chances are you've listened of histamine.it is a biologically active substance produced by the body to potentiate the inflammatory and immune responses and to maintain homeostasis. Histamine receptors are hydrophobic and located in different parts of the body that bind with histamine to deliver a particular impact on the living being . There are 4 identified receptors, called H1-H4. The receptor that the histamine responds with is dependant upon where the histamine is released within the body. Histamine has assorted impacts, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, that are decided by both the histamine receptor subtype and the stimulated types of cells.H1R are found in numerous cells and participate in hypersensitivity reactions of type 1,while H2 receptor modifies the secretion of gastric acid and production of mucus .The H3R are found throughout the nervous system and regulate neuro-inflammatory diseases , By releasing multiple inflammatory mediators, H4R-mediated mast cell activation can control an effective inflammatory cascade; which can promote the migration of various inflammatory cells into the site of inflammation. [3]
Histamine level elevated inside the tissue causes activation of histamine receptors which leads to the development of symptoms such asbronchoconstriction and acute rhinitis.[4]
Brief history about antihistamines : in 1937, Etienne Fourneau synthesized the first antihistamine but it was toxic . Bernard N. Halpem synthesized phenbenzamine the first used antihistamine in 1942. [5]
The H1-Receptor:
The H1-receptor histamine could be a part of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) . H1R is present in several areas and cells involving, dendritic cells, nerves, endothelial cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and lymphocytes. Histamine activates H1R via G?q/11 then activates phospholipase C and increases Ca++ levels intracellular .As a result, histamine triggers contraction of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract, and promotes the development of platelet activating factor by activating H1R. The importance of H1R stimulation in asthma can therefore be confirmed by studies that suggest that use of H1R-antagonists could help decrease asthma symptoms and enhance lung function in severe asthma. Histamine H1 receptors are therefore found in the skin tissue and keratinocytes, and histamine raises the production of NGF in human keratinocytes via H1R .In this way, nearly all immediate hypersensitivity reactions, counting indications watched within the skin including pruritus, edema , and erythema could be triggered by H1R activation.
The H2-Receptor:
H2R is a G?s-coupled receptor , H2 Receptor is widely presented in types of cells and tissues, such a smooth muscles , B cells, T cells, cardiac tissues , dendritic cells, gastrointestinal-parietal cells, and brain . Receptor activation could stimulate the production of mucus, , and stomach acid secretion .the H2R is greatly responsible for relaxing the respiratory tract, smooth muscle cells in the blood vessels, and uterus. also, the H2Receptor helps in triggering of the Immune system, others such as antibody synthesis , reduction of basophilic degranulation, and T-cell proliferation [3]
The H3-Receptor:
H3R is G?i coupled receptor,it found in neurones.it regulates levels of energy H3R insufficient mice appear changed behavior and motion, and show a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperphagia , overweight ,and elevated levels of leptin and insulin.[3]
The H4-Receptor:
H4R is G?/I coupled receptor. It is found in various cells including synovial tissue, spleen, central nervous system , sensory nerves, gastrointestinal epithelia, heart, cancer cells , and nervous system. [3]
H1-antihistamines including azatadine, cetirizine, and mizolastine are used for the treatment of activated diseases in mast cell. H2 antihistamines such as Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine and nizatidine are selective H2R antihistamines which decrease the secretion of gastric acid. . H3R antihistamines such as thioperamide, clobenpropit, BF2. 649, PF-03654746, JNJ-17216498, and MK 0249.H4R antihistamine including JNJ 7777120 that is commonly used for inflammation and pruritus. [3]
Mechanism of Action:
Histamine causes an increased level of vascular permeability, leading to the flow of fluid from capillaries to surrounding tissues. The end effect of that is increased vessel swelling and dilation. Antihistamines avoid this effect by acting at the H-1 receptors as antagonists.. First-generation antihistamines antagonize H-1 receptors and can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the nervous system, resulting in a distinct therapeutic and side effect compared to 2st generation antihistamines, which only bind to the peripheral histamine receptors. Side effects: dry mouth- dizziness and tinnitus and at high doses euphoria . Antihistamines Contraindicated with Hypertension, urinary retention, cardiovascular disease. [7]
SAR of H1 Antihistamines:
The two aryl moieties are very important for for effective receptor interaction, substituents in one of the aryl moieties increase potency.The nature of atom X categorize the different classes of H1 antagonists[8,9] first generation H-1 Antihistamines (classical antihistamines ); The first and second generation anthistamines are generally considerably more lipophilic than H 2 antagonist . The difference in lipophilicity arises mainly because of the substituted amino moieties, and the two aryl rings. They are rapidly absorbed and metabolized. Because of their lipophilicity, they cross the blood-brain barrier and easily bind to the cerebral H1 receptor.[9,10] first generation antihistamines.
Ethanediamines (Diphenhydramine is the prototype and the first clinically useful member of the ethanolamine group). [8] , Several therapeutically important diphenhydramine derivatives have been developed by para-methyl substitution. Due to the reduced side effects, these derivatives are stated to have higher therapeutic profiles compared to diphenhydramine. Bromodiphenhydramine, for example, is more lipid-soluble, and is twice as effective as antihistamine. [9]
Ethylenediamines: Phenbenzamine is the prototype of this class and the first useful member .Replacing the phenyl moiety of phenbenzamine with a 2-pyridyl form produced tripelennamine, which is considerably more effective . Substitution of a para-methoxy (pyrilamine or mepyramine), chloro (chloropyramine) or bromo (bromtripelennamine) may increase the activity. Replacing of the benzyl group of tripelennamine with a 2-thienylmethyl group give methapyrilene,and replacing of tripelennamine’s 2-pyridyl group with a pyrimidinyl moiety give thonzylamine both are potent H1R antagonists [9]
Propylamines : this class rank among the most active H1 antagonists. Members of this class also produce less sedation effect and have little antiemetic action. This class differ just in the para-position phenyl substituent, H (pheniramine), Br (brompheniramine)and Cl (chlorpheniramine). Halogenated pheniramines are considerably more potent 20-50 times and have a longer duration of action. [9]
Piperazines: is mainly used in the treatment of motion sickness and prophylaxis. Chlorcyclizine is used for urticaria, hay fever, symptomatic relief.[9]
Famotidine: metabolized by cytochrome P450, and has limited inhibitory effects on other drug metabolism, which lead to cause less drug-drug interactions. [12]
Conclusions:
Antihistamines are commonly used in many allergic disorders, the new generations of H1 antagonists are more save and have fewer side effect . The therapeutic efficacy of H1R and H2R antagonists is relatively small in many inflammatory disorders. As such strong hopes are set on new ligands of histamine H3 and H4 receptors. H4R antagonists showed safety and high efficacy in animal models and several clinical trial, The function of these receptors is not yet fully understood but our understanding of their roles has increased over the past few years. [4]
Future Prospective:
There is a The functional similarity between H1R and H4R tends to open up the possibility of using synergistic therapeutic approaches so, Combination treatments using both H4R and H1R antagonists may help in the treatment of various allergic and inflammatory conditions.[3]
References:
[1] Simons, F. Estelle R., and Keith J. Simons. 'Histamine and H1-antihistamines: celebrating a century of progress.' Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 128.6 (2011): 1139-1150.
[2] Thurmond, Robin L., Erwin W. Gelfand, and Paul J. Dunford. 'The role of histamine H 1 and H 4 receptors in allergic inflammation: the search for new antihistamines.' Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 7.1 (2008): 41-53.
[3] Thangam, Elden Berla, et al. 'The role of histamine and histamine receptors in mast cell-mediated allergy and inflammation: the hunt for new therapeutic targets.' Frontiers in immunology 9 (2018): 1873.
[4] Tatarkiewicz, Jan, et al. 'New antihistamines–perspectives in the treatment of some allergic and inflammatory disorders.' Archives of medical science: AMS 15.2 (2019): 537.
[5] http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/histamine/jm/history.htm
[6] Church, Martin K., and Diana S. Church. 'Pharmacology of antihistamines.' Indian journal of dermatology 58.3 (2013): 219.
[7] Farzam, Khashayar, and Maria C. O'Rourke. 'Antihistamines.' StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing, 2019
[8]Deliverd teaching materials by the department (lecture Antiallergic And Antiulcer Drugs) by: Dr; Wesam E. Mehanna
[9] DeRuiter, Jack. 'Histamine H1-receptor antagonists: antihistaminic agents.' Principles of Drug Action 2 (2001): 1-20
[10] Criado, Paulo Ricardo, et al. 'Histamina, receptores de histamina e anti-histamínicos: novos conceitos.' Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 85.2 (2010): 195-210
[11] pharmafactz, https://pharmafactz.com/medicinal-chemistry-of-antihistamines/
[12] LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Histamine Type-2 Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers) [Updated 2018 Jan 25].
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The Effect of Antihistamines on Asthmatics. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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Scientific Hypotheses of the Development of Asthma Due to Microbes in the Intestine
He most recent Biotech Primer WEEKLY looked at a particularly productive new area of medicine courtesy of our own tiny personal zoo: the microbiome. We considered how resetting a person’s microbiome with a fecal matter transplant (FMT) aka bacteriotherapy can heal such troubling conditions as antibiotic-resistant C. difficile infections and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Thankfully for the millions suffering from these health conditions, acceptance of FMTs is growing. Now the research community is turning its attention to the specific components behind the microbiome’s healing potential. Several biotech companies are already developing more precisely-defined therapeutics. This work will foster better quality control and more comfortable formulations. Who wouldn’t prefer swallowing a capsule to undergoing an enema or colonoscopy?
SOMETIMES IT TAKES A LITTLE BITTY VILLAGE
Vedanta Biosciences (Cambridge, MA) is taking the “consortium“ approach. Their researchers are looking at specific bacterial strains or clearly defined communities of strains (i.e., consortia) that will likely benefit certain medical conditions. Vedenta will then isolate these specific “bugs” for development as standardized therapy. In broad strokes, here’s how:
- Collect clinical data from studies that investigate the human gut microbiome
- Identify bacterial communities associated with good clinical responses
- Test these strains and select those with the most potent pharmacological affects
- Assemble the selected strains in consortia that work well together
- Use the chosen strains to make GMP-grade drugs for clinical studies
Vedanta’s lead candidate, orally-administered VE303, is in Phase I clinical testing for C. difficile infection. In addition, Finch Therapeutics (Somerville, MA) and Seres Therapeutics (Cambridge, MA) both have consortium-containing capsules targeting C. difficile infection in clinical development (Phase II and III, respectively).
MONOCLONAL MICROBIALS
Evelo Biosciences (Cambridge, MA) has coined the term “monoclonal microbials” for its somewhat different approach. Their researchers have identified one (mono) specific bacterial strain that promises to modulate patients’ immune response. The lead candidate, EDP1066, is currently in Phase I clinical studies of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
BACTERIAL BYPRODUCTS WITH BENEFITS
South San Francisco-based Second Genome zeros even further in, microbiomically speaking. Its scientists have isolated a bacterial byproduct—a protein or small molecule secreted by the bacterium that packs a therapeutic punch. Their lead candidate, small molecule SGM-1019, which is preparing to enter Phase II clinical studies for both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe type of liver disease. The company also has a microbiome-derived protein in preclinical development for IBD.
CANCER VERSUS BACTERIA, VIRUSES & FUNGI?
Intriguingly, some research suggests that modulating the microbiome may even help induce the immune system to fight cancer. Seres Therapeutics and Vedanta are both conducting preclinical research in this area.
MICROBIOMIC BENEFITS FROM THE BEGINNING
Researchers clearly have their scrupulously clean hands busy exploring the health benefits that our teeny tiny zoo may someday yield. However, some of this research provokes more controversy than others. For example, studies show that babies delivered by C-section have about 20% higher rates of asthma than do those born vaginally. C-section babies are also significantly more likely to develop allergies than their traditionally-born peers. It’s now thought that the higher risk of these health problems may stem from the fact that C-section births fail to give newborns the protective bacteria that comes from passing through the birth canal.
Of course, doctors prescribe C-sections in many cases. What’s a mother to do about her child’s microbiota? Enter a procedure called vaginal seeding, wherein the obstetrician transfers some of the mother’s microbiota (found in her vaginal fluids) to her child’s mouth, nose, and skin using a cotton swab. Preliminary studies suggest that this practice partially endows C-section newborns with some of their mother’s protective microbiota. Whether or not the post-birth swipe translates into long-term benefits remains to be seen. There are also potential risks involved, so the procedure is still considered experimental.
Most microbiomic treatments in clinical development focus on C. diff infection or inflammatory bowel diseases. However, scientists believe that the microbiome influences many other aspects of human health, including allergies, asthma, autism, Parkinson’s disease, depression and anxiety, obesity, and diabetes. For an overview of the “gut-brain axis” and its health implications, check out this past WEEKLY. We’re eager to see what the companies exploring the body’s inner space as microbiomic treatments travel from preclinical to clinical stage research do next. Think about it—coming to a drugstore near you someday—poop in a pill!
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Proper Nutrition as One of the Factors in Alleviating Asthma Symptoms
Does anyone know how many people die every year from cardiovascular disease? The answer is 17 million people. That is an average of four jumbo jets crashing every hour, every day for every year. You can learn more facts and statistics about the unhealthy habits of humans in the movie What the Health. This documentary is informative because it follows the stories of people with health problems associated with the unhealthy foods being consumed. It informs the audience about the health status of Americans, and the correlation between food and health; and it keeps the attention of the audience by giving a lot of facts about the corporations, as well as their part of feeding consumers false information about what’s inside the foods that makes it so unhealthy.
In the documentary “What the Health”, the story follows numerous individuals with medical issues brought about from unhealthy eating habits, and it gives representation on how it has affected their lives for the worse. The documentary follows the story of Amy Resnick who went to her doctor for her asthma. While there, Amy had to get blood work done to test the proteins in her body. The test showed that she was to have a heart attack within the next 30 days. The doctor prescribed multiple medications to relieve asthma, stress, and pain. But after a few weeks of eating healthy foods, Amy claimed that she could not only get off her medicines, but she could breathe normally, and was now lowering her risk for a heart attack. In another case followed in this document, Jane Chapman was also given a lot of medications for various medical conditions like pain. Jane was diagnosed with weak bones, she could hardly walk and was basically immobile. But after she too committed to the belief of changing her diet and getting off of her prescriptions, she claimed that she was no longer sick.
Also in this documentary Kip Anderson researches the correlation between foods and health. In his search to the truth, he discovers that chicken is the leading cause in high cholesterol. He points out that the reason some foods are so unhealthy, such as: processed meats, dairy products, and fish, is because it leaves fats behind in blood vessels, resulting in clogged arteries over time. Anderson also tried to research and gather statistics of diabetes in the American population, considering that America lead the world in diabetes. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that “In the Next 25 years, one out of three Americans will have diabetes”(CDC) and that the number of Americans with diabetes is calculated to either double or triple by the year 2050. “Studies have shown that bacon and sausage rank up with cigarettes and asbestos in carcinogen items to humans.” Aubrey, Allison'Bad day for bacon: Processed Meats Cause Cancer WHO Says'. npr: the salt. Oct. 2015'Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat'. The Lancet Oncology. Vol. 16. 2015 'IARC Monographs evaluate consumption of red meat and processed meat'. World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer. PRESS RELEASE N.240. Oct. 2015. In the document it said that if a child is diagnosed with diabetes, that child will have nineteen years taken off their lifespan. If a human eats one serving of processed meat a day their chances of getting diabetes increase by 51%. Another statistic showed that one egg a day equaled five cigarettes.
On the other hand, the big corporations such as the American Cancer Society, American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association have a lot of control about what foods are put on the markets. As all three of these organizations fund companies in the meat and dairy industry. All three of these organizations refused to discuss the real problem of the correlation of diet and diseases. American Diabetes Association diabetes diet and meal plan recommends foods associated with causing diabetes. 'Recipes for Healthy Living: All of Our Recipes'. American Diabetes Association.“ “USDA admitted that eggs cannot legally be labeled: nutritious, low fat, part of a balanced diet, low calorie, healthful, healthy, good for you, or safe.” Greger, M.D., Michael 'Eggs & Cholesterol: Patently False and Misleading Claims'. Volume 13. July 3rd, 2013.” “American Cancer Society, American Diabetes Association and American Heart Association are accepting millions of dollars from pharmaceutical companies” 'Honoring People Who Are Making A Difference: Corporations'. American Cancer Society'Our Corporate Supporters: Banting Cirlce Supporters'. American Diabetes Association'Sponsor Thank You'. American Heart Association” This means that the pharmaceutical companies are paying these health corporations to not exploit the unhealthiness of their products to the public.
So, the real question is who can you trust? The health organizations fund the food industry, most of the foods are being labeled as cancer or diabetes causing agents, and pharmaceutical companies are avoiding the problems of curing diseases instead they only work on curing the symptoms. In my opinion from watching the movie everything you eat is going to have something that is unhealthy to the body. What needs to be done to prevent these heart diseases, cancer, and diabetes is to eat good portions of food with an equal amount of exercises, especially cardio workouts.
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Proper Nutrition as One of the Factors in Alleviating Asthma Symptoms. (2022, Oct 05).
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The Effect of the Vaccine on the Onset of Asthma
Vaccines are usually used to prevent illness and disease, but there are several harmful chemicals in them that can show serious side effects and are even theorized to give children autism, which is why they should not be mandatory until further research has been done. No US federal vaccination laws exist, but all 50 states have laws requiring children attending public school to be vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (generally in a DTaP vaccine); polio (an IPV vaccine); measles and rubella (generally in an MMR vaccine); and varicella (chickenpox). All 50 states allow medical exemptions, 47 states allow religious exemptions, and 17 states allow philosophical (or personal belief) exemptions. If children are required to get these vaccinations, so should the teachers who are around them all the time. Vaccines can cause serious and sometimes fatal side effects. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), all vaccines carry a risk of a life-threatening reaction (anaphylaxis) in about one per million children. This may seem like a small number that affects no one, but it could affect your children or even your children’s children. Right when we are born we are given our first vaccine, Hepatitis B1 (Hep B). This vaccine protects us from getting the hepatitis virus. The hepatitis virus is not spread through kissing, sneezing, or coughing.
It is spread through blood. This makes me question why it’s so important. Obviously you dont want your child to get ill, but is it always necessary?
The second set of vaccinations include hepatitis B (second dose), rotavirus2, Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis3, Haemophilus influenzae type b4, pneumococcal conjugate5, and lastly, inactivated poliovirus6. These six vaccines are all given by two months of age. The next set of vaccines are your second doses of rotavirus 2, Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, Haemophilus influenza type b4, pneumococcal conjugate, and inactivated poliovirus, are all given by the age of 4 months old, the list continues all with different ingredients that could make serious reactions arise. One of the main ingredients that people worry about is thimerosal, an organic mercury compound found in trace amounts in one flu vaccine for children and other vaccines for adults, is linked to autism. Aluminum is used in some vaccines and excess aluminum in human bodies can cause neurological harm. Formaldehyde, also found in some vaccines, is a carcinogen, and exposure can cause side effects such as cardiac impairment, central nervous system depression, 'changes in higher cognitive functions,' coma, convulsions, and death. Glutaraldehyde, a compound used to disinfect medical and dental equipment, is used in some DTaP vaccinations and exposure can cause asthma and other respiratory issues.
Some flu vaccines contain cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMB), a compound used as an antiseptic, which can be a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant. Some polio, TD, and DTaP vaccines contain 2-phenoxyethanol, an antibacterial that is a skin and eye irritant that can cause headache, shock, convulsions, kidney damage, cardiac and kidney failure, and death. Some vaccines for the flu contain chicken egg protein, which can be harmful to children who are allergic to eggs. Some vaccines for PCV, HPV, DTaP, Hep A, Hep B, and Hib contain yeast proteins which, according to VaxTruth and Joseph Mercola, MD, an alternative medicine proponent, contain MSG that can cause migraines, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), asthma, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, Lou Gehrig’s disease, ADD, seizure, and stroke. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act (NCVIA) was passed in 1986. This act declares that no person can sue any vaccine manufacturer. Instead, they have The Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, also known as Vaccine Court, where you can file a case in return for compinsation. In 2014, the court received 542 claims and compensated 365 people for a total of $202 million. Settlements ranged from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Many were for the flu shot and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
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The Effect of the Vaccine on the Onset of Asthma. (2022, Oct 05).
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My Life and Asthma
With his big droopy eyes that pierced right into me, he stared with confusion or anger, I couldn't tell. His thick eyebrows sagged down so low it seemed as if his forehead was infinite. He had a scar on the side of his chin that cringed upward along with the corner of his lip. I knew him, but I didn't, and for some reason I knew he felt the same towards me. I started seeing him around more. I see him lurking in the shadows on my way home, trailing behind me, watching my every move. I have yet to approach him. But I mentioned him to Jordan, my older brother, which is also my best friend even if sometimes is a bit of a jerk. People say he looks just like me. Same droopy eyes that wander off into space every now and then, same bushy red hair that's tangled into little curls, and the same red cheeks with splattered freckles on them. Of course he thought I was just overreacting and being a paranoid chicken. Maybe he's right, maybe I was being paranoid, but then again maybe not. I ignored the topic for a while until one night, I heard a noise outside my bedroom window. I peered out but couldn't see anything because of the glare of my bedroom light. I cupped my hands and squinted my eyes only to see the boy, standing tall, smiling with his bright white crooked teeth and deep dimples. I jumped back in an instant, I was too scared to yell but I ran faster than Dash from the Incredibles.
I ran to Jordan's room, which was just down the hall from mine, where he hibernated. He could barely understand me. I huffed and puffed but was able to get the words out. Jordan agreed to check it out just to prove it was probably nothing. He marched over to my room as his shadow followed. There was no one there. He must have fled, I would have. I remembered about the cameras around the house that my dad set before he left. We didn't have much use for them, because we lived in such a peaceful area. My dad thought it would be cool to have them around the house like in movies. He also wanted cool traps so he could be like Indiana Jones but mom didn't let him. She wore the pants in the relationship and everyone knew. I rushed down stairs to the basement where the main panel for the cameras were. There's a camera right on the corner just below the roof, the camera can see some of the inside of my room to the neighbors red roses that he carefully trims and waters every Saturday. The camera must have caught the boy, this will help me get a better look at him and prove to Jordan that I'm not just being paranoid or that I'm not crazy! Except, I could not prove to Jordan that I'm not crazy because the boy wasn't on the video. All you can see is me in the window jumping back at the fearful sight of nothing. But I don't understand, he was there, and he smiled at me, his big blue wandering eyes looking back at me.
Am I crazy? Now, I was being a chicken, I was scared out of my sane mind. Maybe I was being haunted. This didn't help my breathing problems, the doctor said it's nothing, but that's easy for her to say because she's not the one feeling like her lungs are going to pop. She said it's just asthma. Last time it was so bad, I lost air for so long I passed out. Now I'm prepared for anything this “asthma” throws at me. I have my own oxygen tank that I carry with me everywhere it’s about the size of puppy but much heavier than one. That was the last time I saw the boy for a while, it wasn't till late winter that I got another asthma attack that I saw him again. However, he looked different. I couldn't tell what it was but something was off about him, like he had more energy or he was happier. I felt like I needed to talk to him about the night at my window, but what if I really did just imagine it? I would seem crazy, so I just decided I'd keep a close eye on him.
I didn't notice anything strange about him, he seemed like a normal kid. The only thing is he kept to himself, he didn't speak to anyone, he must have been new and didn't have any friends. The next two days were the same, we went to class 411 with Ms Jensen, he went to snack and got the same thing as always. Then he went to class 516 with Dr Martinez and after lunch he did his homework at the back. And finally, he trailed me home. I couldn't put my finger on it, but every day I saw him, he got better. Not that he's sick, but in a way, he looked different. Unlike me, I got worse. I got asthma attacks at least two times a night, I keep catching fevers and begin to throw up everything I eat and drink. On the third day, something unusual happened. The boy, he was walking down the school’s narrow hallways when a girl named Jessica with green eyes and long hair braided up into two pigtails bumped into the boy. He went flying into the dirty floors, him and his books. Jessica kept walking like she didn't even notice him, like he was a fly on her shoulder. As for him, as soon as he hit the cold floor, he immediately looked up at me, with a terrified look on his face. Did he know I was following him? Watching his every move? I began to walk over to him to help him up and maybe find out who he was, but he got up and dashed around the corner of the narrow hallway filled with many teens. I ran after him, I was right behind him, closer to him than his own shadow. He vanished in the herd of students. Everyone was looking at me, like I was nuts. I’m not nuts. I saw him the following day. He was so jubilant and lively. As for I was pale, I felt cold, and I had the biggest pain in my head like some kind of thumping that went on and on. The doctor said it was nothing just a small reaction to my asthma medication or a mild flu. Whatever it was I hated it.
During 3rd period I began to feel light headed, I was having trouble breathing and my inhaler isn't helping. All I remember is my best friend Danny rushing to my side. I couldn’t hear anything but a loud ringing that screeched in my ears. His long hair swayed from left to right with the tilts and turns of his neck. Darkness finally took over my eyes and I became unconscious. I was completely trapped in my own mind with my own thoughts. For once I wasn’t scared, I felt brave. When I piled out of the darkness and snapped back into existence, I was attached to wires by thin needles that intruded my skin. All of my family were there with distressed expressions, some of them even in tears. Jordan walked over to me and held my hand firmly he had tears in his eyes that he was trying his best not to show. He whispered in my ear, “I love you brother, you’ll never be forgotten.” That was the first time he has ever told me he loved me, of course I knew it but i’ve never heard him say it. I uttered back to him “I love you too, but i’m not going anywhere.” he didn’t say anything he just got up and walked out of the room along with the rest of my family. I couldn’t see clearly my vision was a bit blurred so I couldn’t see exactly who had just walked into the room but I recognized that bright, white, crooked smile. I was too afraid to say anything. The boy walked over to me. He reached out and put something in my hand and clenched my hand into a fist. The object was cold and was a bit sharp, it was big but small enough for my fist to wrap around it. I opened my hand and there sat a pair of white, feathered wings.
Carved into them read “protector of Saul”. It said my name. I panicked and gasped for air, it felt like my lungs collapsed. My eyes watered and my vision blurred again. He simply took his cold hand on my bare chest. I could breathe again. He looked directly into my eyes with his blue spheres. I finally felt at peace with him. The darkness began creeping into my eyes once again but before I could be completely sucked into the twilight I could see him, smiling like he knew everything was going to be okay. It was then I realized I was never supposed to be afraid of the boy for he was just my guardian angel guiding me to a happy place where I’d forever smile and with that I gave into the darkness awaiting new light.
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A Proposal for the Improvement of Asthma Care Practices
As documented by MEngr, Zhao& Winders (2017, pp.86), effective application of the National Asthma Council Australia 2015 and execution of the NSW Chest Pain Pathway will depend on a number of factors. It is important to increase the competencies of the attending physicians, nurses, and paramedics offering healthcare to asthmatic patients towards the breathing and chest pain management. It is also important to educate the concerned, including the family members, of the signs and symptoms of an asthma attack to improve diagnosis and management of this condition (“National Asthma Council Australia 2015 ").
Such awareness will help patients and family members to recognize the symptoms and seek medical treatment, early, since awareness has been proven to be the best control measure for any disease. The education will also entail first aid skills that are essential in preventing complications of asthma attack and its complications associated to breathing and chest pain management. Appropriate training will also equip the nurses and the asthmatic experts with skills to diagnose asthmatic conditions, control of chest pain even at primary assessment stage, with a clear knowledge of the appropriate treatment. Such training will also provide the medical facilities with a strategic approach to curb asthma (Woods et al., 2012, pp. 465-472).
Equipping the health centers with appropriate facilities is equally as important as administering the right treatment to asthmatic and chest pain patients. Such facilities can include the use of “e-health technologies to deliver information and services to those in rural areas "where access is problematic” (“National Asthma Strategy”). The facilities should also provide a wide range of medications to cover various forms of asthmas (Masoli et al., 2004, pp. 469-478). Any medical facilities who do not use an existing Chest Pain Pathway must implement the standard NSW Chest Pain Pathway together with the facilities which merge with this policy.
Finally, asthma and chest pain is a health threat that requires a professional approach. Acute nursing care is the savior of human beings from breathing complications and chest pain associated to asthma as a consequence of proper diagnosis and correct medication. However, this requires a professional and strategic approach, based more on control in the case of asthma attack-breathing complications) and proper diagnosis and treatment in the case of chest pain. A step by step medical approach should, therefore, be followed to ensure that the cause and scope of the two complications is determined. Public awareness is equally as essential in ensuring diagnosis and treatment of asthma at early stages before it results to breathing and chest pain complications. Acute nursing care for asthma attacks can also be addressed from two perspectives: breathing and pain management.
A strategic implementation of National Asthma Council Australia 2015 and execution of the NSW Chest Pain Pathway stands out as the best practices to curb these complications. However, the two concepts can be made effective by competent health personnel equipped with modern skills and facilities. As asthma and chest pain remains a health concern affecting over 26 million people across America, it is a social responsibility to improve the strategies to fight asthma and chest pain as a way of achieving a healthy nation.
References
Reddel, H. K., Bateman, E. D., Becker, A., Boulet, L. P., Cruz, A. A., Drazen, J. M., ... & Lemanske, R. F. (2015). A summary of the new GINA strategy: a roadmap to asthma control. European Respiratory Journal, 46(3), 622-639.
Woods, E. R., Bhaumik, U., Sommer, S. J., Ziniel, S. I., Kessler, A. J., Chan, E., & Queenin, L. M. (2012). Community asthma initiative: evaluation of a quality improvement program for comprehensive asthma care. Pediatrics, 129(3), 465-472.
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Medication Albuterol – Relief of Asthma Symptoms
Albuterol is a medication that is used to help with problems such as shortness of breath caused by constricted airways. This medication is frequently used for asthma and COPD. It works by opening up the airways to improves the airway to improve airflow. Albuterol is classified as a bronchodilator. The bronchioles in the lungs may become narrow and this is referred to as bronchoconstriction. The constrictions can happen for various reasons. The use of Albuterol opens up the bronchioles allowing it to improve airflow. Albuterol is available for use in the oral form, inhalers and a solution for nebulization. The side effects of albuterol feeling anxious, jittery, hypersensitivity to adrenergic amines, if a person has heart disease, hypertension, seizure disorder, hypothyroidism, the use of albuterol is cautioned.
Nursing implication:
Auscultating lung sounds, obtaining bp, and HR prior to administering and during use of albuterol. If a patient has a productive cough is important to assess the amount, color and consistency of sputum. it is also important to assess for paradoxical bronchospasm. which is the opposite of the intended reaction of albuterol. which instead of relieving bronchoconstriction it increases it.
As. a result the patient will have increase wheezing, difficulty breathing. The nursing assessment should also assess the effectiveness of treatment. Teaching patient the proper use of an inhaler. Overuse can lead to a tolerance and ineffectiveness of the medication. It is important to remind the patient to use as prescribed. Teach the patient that after use of inhalers they must rinse their mouth to prevent oral thrush. It is important to clean the mouthpiece of the inhaler to avoid bacteria growth. if symptoms do not improve it is important to contact the provider.
“You should tell your doctor about all prescription, non-prescription, illegal, recreational, herbal, nutritional, or dietary drugs you're taking, especially:
1. Beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol(Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol(Corgard), and propranolol (Inderal)
2. Digoxin (Lanoxin)
3. Diuretics (water pills)
4. Epinephrine (EpiPen, Primatene Mist)
5. Other inhaled medications used to relax the air passages such as metaproterenol (Alupent) and levalbuterol (Xopenex)
6. Over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription medicines for colds” (Marks, 2015)
Medications previously mentioned can cancel the effect of each other if taken with Albuterol. According to B-Adrenergic the journal of the American Osteopathic Association “alleviate symptoms of asthma may also cause paradoxical bronchospasm or bronchoconstriction” (Broski & Amundson, 2008)
References
Broski, DO, MC, S. E., & Amundson, DO, MC, D. E. (2008). Paradoxical Response to Levalbuterol. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 108(4), 2011-2013. Retrieved from http://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2093662&resultClick=1
Marks, L. (2015, March 3). Albuterol (Proventil) - Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions - Drugs. Retrieved from https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/albuterol
Lilley, L., Collins, S., Snyder, J. (2017). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 8th Edition.
Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780323358286/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
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The Influence of Harmful Air on the Development of Asthma
With a population of 1.6 million, it is the most populated of New York City’s five boroughs. Manhattan is also the economic center of the city along with the city’s “melting pot” of all different cultures. In addition to hosting the United Nation’s Headquarters, New York City’s Wall Street makes the city economically powerful. Some can even go to argue that Manhattan is one of the most economically powerful cities. Due to this Manhattan is extremely busy with people needing to get to one place to another and often in a rush, and public transportation is not the most reliable system. For this reason, these cars are a necessity in a place such as Manhattan. There has been a long going conversation that private cars should be ban from Manhattan. Some may argue that traffic is worse than public transportation however that is not always the case. With variables such as train malfunctions and sick passengers, a forty-five-minute commute by private car, with traffic, can easily be turned into a two-hour commute by subway. The banning of private cars in Manhattan is simply unreasonable.
Cars provide a common means of transportation from one destination to the next. Cars provide not only the luxury of privacy while traveling but also make life easier for people to get to places that are not near public transportations. This is especially important during times of unfavored weather conditions such as snow, rain, sleet, hail, heatwaves, the list goes on. When living in a place like New York City where there are freezing cold winters and scorching hot summers the luxury of a car is needed. According to NYCEDC, “45 percent of all households in the city own a car....Manhattan, where only 22 percent of households own a car” No this is not high compared to the rest of the city but 22 percent of 1.6 million is 352,000 households with cars. That means 325,000 cars are going to be taken away from people in the city, and that is assuming that there is only one car per household. According to an article written in 1961 by Percival and Paul Goodman, “...new garaging is $20,000 per car” To put that in perspective it would be approximately $213,256.13 today, 2020. Where would the city receive this money to pay for garages for a minimum of 325,000 cars. That would mean the city would need a minimum of $69,308,242,250 to build the garages. To put that number in perspective Bill Gates has a net worth of $110,000,000,000. In addition, $69,308,242,250 does not take into account the cars coming from outside of Manhattan who will need to park their cars in said garages before entering the city. Unless given a very generous grant the city will have to pay for these garages through taxpayer money. This will most likely result in the city raising its taxes for the new garages. This alone proves how unreasonable the banning of private cars in Manhattan would be.
On the other hand, critics will argue that the banning of private cars in Manhattan is a way to cut down on pollution. Being that 75 percent of pollution is caused by cars the banning of private cars in Manhattan will not only be a contribution to stopping climate change but it also betters air quality in the city. Bettering air quality in the city means less smog and fewer children growing up with asthma. As reported by health.nyc.gov 10.6 percent of children 0-17 have asthma, which is 2.3 percent higher than the average percentage of children 0-17 with asthma in the United States, 8.2 percent. Banning private cars it would eliminate a minimum of 22 percent of cars from Manhattan, not including cars driving in from outside the borough. Doing so will also decongest the city freeing up room for a better bus system and because most New York City public busses are hybrids this will reduce the pollution due to cars.
In conclusion, the biggest reason to ban private cars in Manhattan would be to decongest and reduce pollution by having people use public transportation. Nevertheless, places such as New Mexico have already tested the banning of cars and as stated by the Washington Post, “there was no evidence in Mexico City that more people were taking public transit because of the driving ban.” This just illustrates how completely banning private cars in Manhattan will not be beneficial not to mention how it will give the MTA practically a monopoly of public transportation in the city meaning that they can raise the fair prices however high they want. Now, the argument to ban cars in Manhattan stems back to 1961 and there have been so many technological advances to motorized vehicles since then one being electric cars. As if right now very few companies are making them and, yes, they are very costly, but it is a better alternative to completely banning private cars. Another option that cities in China, such as Beijing, already do would be the even-odd license plate system. This just means if your car ends with an even number one may only drive it certain days a week and if it ends in an odd number they can drive the other days. This method had shown to better the air quality in Beijing and decongest the busy city. London also has its own congestion problem in which they have implanted a congestion fee to those with cars. Both options will allow for decongestion in the city along with allowing people who live in that borough to keep their cars. These are better alternatives because at the end of the day, completely banning private cars in 2020 is simply unreasonable. It is too simple of a solution to a complex problem.
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The Description of Future Personal Leadership Development Goals and State
Leadership development goals are necessary so that organizational leaders can improve their qualities, skills, and impacts they have on others. Future leadership development goals will be mostly based on motivating or inspiring common employees to become leaders. The goals will further be based on improving employees and motivating them to be better individuals, especially in the workplace. In general, future leadership development goals will be based on personal development. One leadership development goal that is not focused a lot currently but is likely to be prioritized in the future is the improvement of interpersonal skills. All organizational leaders in the future will be probably required to have effective people skills that will boost their interactions and relationships with others. Good people skills ensure that employees do not fear to approach a leader. Taking time to listen to the opinions of employees is one of the leadership development goals that will be prioritized by organizational leaders in the future (Avolio & Gardner, 2005).
Another leadership development goal that will probably be prioritized in the future is the effectiveness in workload management. An effective leader should be able to manage his work appropriately and ensure he can complete it within set periods of time. Effectiveness in the management of workload will involve learning set realistic deadlines, prioritize certain types of work and appropriately delegate tasks out to employees. Effective management of workload will enable organizational leaders to produce quality work and improve their performance (Day, 2000).
Prioritization of the two leadership development goals in the future will most likely help in improving the general performance and productivity of organizations. Moreover, it will help in the appropriate delegation of roles and inspiration for employees. Besides general organizational performance, it will boost the individual performance and productivity of employees.
Christian values are an important aspect of organizational leadership since they ensure it is effective and sustainable. Biblical leadership is based on spiritual power. Biblical leadership emphasizes that a Christian leader should have full knowledge of their source of strength. Secular leadership is based on personal, expert power, positional and resource power. A major characteristic of communication is that it occurs between two parties and it is a two-way process.
Moreover, communication can either be formal or informal. It can further be verbal or non verbal as well. Some leadership differences in organizations are brought about by gender. Future leadership development goals will be based majorly on personal development.
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Discrimination in the Muggle World in “Harry Potter”
In the muggle world, discrimination is a very controversial topic that is present in society. Most people have probably dealt with discrimination or prejudice in one way or another. But does the same topic exist in the wizarding world? Many would argue that wizards and witches in the world of Harry Potter face similar dilemmas regarding discrimination as do people in the muggle world. The issue of discrimination and prejudice in the wizarding world relates similarly to the issues in the muggle world.
Society in the wizard world sets social norms similarly to society in the muggle world. In Naficy's essay titled "The Werewolf in the Wardrobe" she recognizes that "it becomes clear: Professor Lupin is the fall guy for the stigmatized outsider...he is the homosexual, he is the immigrant, he is the AIDS victim, he is the one with a 'bad' religion". Professor Lupin hid his true identity because a werewolf is not part of the social norm at Hogwarts or in the wizarding world in general. People often attack outsiders and he would have been a very noticeable target. Since he did not fit in as a wizard, Professor Lupin was in danger of being discriminated against for being a werewolf.
Voldemort was the most discriminated against out of all the characters in the Harry Potter series. In Cleckley's article titled “The Mask of Sanity", he offers that people who have Antisocial Personality Disorders carry similar characteristics such as lack of remorse and shame or untruthfulness and insincerity. Voldemort was suspected to have Antisocial Personality Disorder because he shares similar characteristics with people with the disorder. Voldemort is already deemed as the most evil creature in the Harry Potter series so it makes it easier for others to tack on other negative attributes to him. He is discriminated against because he is different and shows no signs of wanting to fit in with the wizards around him. For example, an ex-criminal could face similar discrimination because they are looked at in a negative way already so people attach a mental illness or some other negative attribute onto them to justify why they act so fouly.
Being discriminated against results in being treated unfairly in society both in the wizard and muggle worlds. In their essay titled "Exploring the Dark Side”, Patrick and Patrick state "...treating half-bloods and Muggles as second-class citizens is an obvious parallel to our own society's history of oppression of Blacks and obsession about interracial sex and marriage". People in the wizarding world like Harry Potter that are half blooded receive a lot of grief from certain people around them because they think he is less than the rest of them. The same could be said for interracial couples because many of them are victims as well. All of the groups mentioned whether in the wizarding world or in the muggle world are victims of prejudice and discrimination.
People in the wizarding world may experience a different type of discrimination than people in the muggle world. In Lyubansky's essay titled "Harry Potter and the Word ThatShould Not Be Named" he implies that "If the teachers at Hogwarts want to facilitate more open mindedness and less prejudice in their students, they could draw on contact theory...ethnic and racial group prejudice can be reduced or even eliminated by bringing group members (in this case, half-bloods and pure-bloods) into cross-group contact with each other". The most common type of prejudice in the wizarding world is between half blood and pure blood witches and wizards. It can be equally compared to how people in the muggle world may have false opinions or beliefs about a different racial group. The best way to change people's minds about their beliefs is to make them see it first-handedly. Cross-group contact with half and pure bloods in the wizarding world could positively result in less discrimination and more open-mindedness especially among students at Hogwarts.
It is clear that the issue of discrimination is indeed present in the wizarding world. It may not be as emphasized as it is in the muggle world, but the problem still exists. This topic is an issue in multiple societies and can be controlled better if people decide to be less narrow-minded and explore the issue. Discrimination in Harry Potter's world shows that even witches and wizards have the ability to judge and be hateful toward one another.
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An Analysis of the Harry Potter Film Series
For my film analysis I chose the Harry Potter film series. The series is about a young boy who finds out that he is a wizard. He is sent to a wizarding school called Hogwarts and immersed in the world of witchcraft and Wizardry. What's more is that he learns that he is one of the most famous wizards of all time, because as a child he survived a killing curse from the most powerful and evil wizard in the world. Harry has to battle with this evil wizard throughout the series and has multiple friends and mentors that are stereotypical archetypes, and who help him during his trials and tribulations.
The first major archetype that comes to mind in any story is the hero. This would obviously be Harry. The hero pursues a great quest to realize his own destiny. In this case Harry's quest is to defeat Voldemort, the aforementioned evil, powerful wizard. Harry goes through countless quests during the 7 books to eventually accomplish this. Voldemort would in turn be the trickster archetype. Voldemort attempts to trick Harry into giving up and joining his side multiple times as well as trying to convince other wizards. He was successful in some cases. I'm not sure why there is no villain archetype on the sheet but I feel this would be more all-encompassing for Voldemort's personality. Voldemort is evil, wants to take over the world and kill anyone in his way, so villain would be more appropriate than trickster but both are applicable.
The next most important character is Professor Dumbledore. He is the headmaster of Hogwarts, and Harry's mentor. Dumbledore could be considered the father archetype, as he is an authority figure in the school and in the entire wizarding world. Students fear him for disciplinary reasons, and evil wizards fear him because he's so powerful. He could also be seen as the god, because he is the image of a perfect person. He essentially does no wrong, and always knows exactly what to do in every situation. Also, because of this ability to always know what to do and "transformation needed" he could ironically be considered the wizard as well.
Harry has two best friends that help him with all his problems for the duration of the story; Ron and Hermoine. Ron represents the fool archetype. He is goofy and is always getting himself into trouble. Hermoine is the mother. She looks out for the three of them and has maternal role in their friendship. She is the smartest and always keeps them out of trouble.
Two examples of similar stories to Harry Potter, would be the Lord of the Rings book series and the original Star Wars trilogy. In Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter would be comparable to Frodo Baggins. Frodo is the hero, and has to accomplish his destiny, which is to destroy an all powerful ring to save the world. Gandalf is like Dumbledore because he is the father figure for Frodo and always knows what to do. Frodo's friends, Sam, Pippin, and Merry are comparable to Ron because they are goofy and always getting into trouble. Aragon, Legolas, and Gimlie are like Hermoine because they look out for Frodo. Soromon, the evil wizard is comparable to Dumbledore.
In Star Wars, Luke Skywalker is the hero. His robots R2D2 are similar to Ron. Princess Leia is like the Hermoine. Obi-Wan is similar to Dumbledore because he is old and wise and always knows whats best for Luke. Yoda is also comparable to Dumbledore, and he comes along in the second movie of the trilogy., Darth Vader is the villain or trickster of the movie, and constantly attempts to get Luke to convert to the "dark side."
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An Analysis of the Main Themes in Star Wars, Harry Potter and the Lord of the Rings
When it comes to fantasy movies, several various themes always seem to stand out. Several examples of these themes are various forms of magic, an evil villain, and some sort of political discourse-whether it be between two different governing bodies, or be against itself in some way. These three themes occur in numerous ways in George Lucas' Star Wars, J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter, and J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. While there are many similarities between the three, this paper will discuss both similarities and dissimilarities of the three themes mentioned in these three independent universes. To begin, there are various forms and degrees of magic that persist throughout the Star Wars, Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings universes.
In the Star Wars universe, this magic exists in a form called "The Force". The Force is only sensed by those with a sufficient Midi-chlorian count-a microbe that lived inside the cells of the Jedi[Rin13]. The Force is the major form of combat throughout the entire series and greatly influences the series as a whole. The Harry Potter universe is similar to the Star Wars universe as only a select few are given the ability to use magic. However, it is greater emphasized as it is the only form of combat used in the entire series. Lastly, Magic plays a rather minor role in The Lord of the Rings universe, and is only actively used by two characters, Gandalf and Saruman. Arguably, you can state that the One Ring is a form of magic, but it in The Lord of the Rings series, it is not actively engaged. However, in The Hobbit and The Silmarillion, it plays a much more active role.
Secondly, the main antagonist of each universe is portrayed in a similar, but distinct role. In Star Wars, the main antagonist is either Darth Vader or the Emperor himself. Many believe that Darth Vader was the antagonist, but it could be argued that Darth Vader is actually the protagonist instead. In The Revenge of the Sith, Obi Wan Kenobi calls Anakin "The Chosen One" prior to Anakin becoming Darth Vader himself. However, at the closing moments of the final movie (chronologically speaking), Darth Vader is the one who kills the emperor, effectively fulfilling his destiny as "The Chosen One"[Ken13]. In the Harry Potter universe the main antagonist is Voldemort. Voldemort plays an important, but minor role up until the fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, in which he is summoned back in the flesh. However, contrasting to Star Wars, Voldemort is the epitome of evil, and there is no return to the Light as there is in Star Wars. Lastly, the main antagonist of The Lord of the Rings is Sauron. Similarly to Voldemort, Sauron is the epitome of evil. However, even being the main antagonist, Sauron plays a minor role in The Lord of the Rings, and is only manifested in the form of an all seeing eye that only gives commands to his followers.
Lastly, each universe has an important executive or legislative body that plays an substantial role in the plot. In Star Wars, politics are mainly Potter are similar because of the high usage of magic and the inner conflicts of the governing bodies. Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings are very similar because of their extremely wicked antagonists. With further investigation into these works of art, many more themes can be analyzed and most likely many similarities between the universes can be drawn. However, the dissimilarities between the separate universes are what give each its own distinct flavor, without them, all three universes would be the same. It's these distinct characteristics that continuously draw us back into the movie theater, begging for more.
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An Analysis of the Main Themes in Star Wars, Harry Potter and the Lord of the Rings. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
My Favorite Villains: President Snow from the Hunger Games, Loki from Thor, Darth Vader from Star Wars, and Voldemort from Harry Potter
There is most likely a villain in every movie you watch. Some movie villains are more memorable than others. A villain can be described as an evil person or character that is the main enemy of the hero. A villain strives to do the opposite of what the hero is doing. For example, in Harry Potter, Voldemort strives to take down Harry while Harry strives to take down Voldemort. President Snow from The Hunger Games trilogy, Loki from Thor and The Avengers, Darth Vader from Star Wars, and Lord Voldemort from the Harry Potter series are just a few examples of good movie villains. These movie villains are what make the movie plotline, thicken. Without them, their would probably be no conflict. My favorite movie villain is Loki from Thor and The Avengers. Loki provides a great story line and is very good at being a villain. [Thesis] The best movie villains are Loki from Thor and The Avengers, President Snow from The Hunger Games trilogy, and Lord Voldemort from the Harry Potter series.
While Darth Vader is probably the most famous movie villain, President Snow from The Hunger Games trilogy is a some-what, new movie villain. He acquires a victor each year in the annual hunger games, but when Katniss and Peeta defy that rule and get 2 victors, Snow tries to eliminate them. He tries his best at doing this which makes him a good villain. Although he doesn't succeed, he still makes the plotline of the movie better. Without President Snow being in the movie, it would have been less conflictual. What makes President Snow a good villain is that he is very powerful and people have to do what he tells them to or else they get eliminated.
Having power is a quality a villain needs in order to succeed in what they are trying to accomplish. Snow tries to eliminate Katniss and Peeta in the 75th annual Hunger Games but he fails. Katniss figured out how to break the Dome and she was rescued. However, Peeta gets captured by the President and gets brainwashed. President Snow has done something terrible that his enemy will eventually kill him for. I think Donald Sutherland played the character very well. I can not imagine a different President Snow.
On the other hand, Loki from Thor and The Avengers makes a great movie villain. Tom Hiddleston plays the part of Loki quite well. Loki has perseverance in trying to take over as King of Asgard and he stops at nothing to do it. His clever ways of transforming into another person and making things look different, is amazing. This is why he is my favorite movie villain. In my opinion, he is the best movie villain. He has failed at taking over as King of Asgard in Thor but in Thor: The Dark World he is seen sitting on the throne of Asgard in his Father's place. That is how the movie ends. We don't know if he has killed his Father, the King, but it seems like it.
Loki is smart and knows how to trick people and Thor falls for his trick when he sees Loki dying after trying to defeat the elves. He acts like he cares about Thor but actually he is just trying to get closer to the throne to be king. His illusions are powerful and believable. Also, Loki has continuity as the villain throughout three movies which means he is dedicated at being a villain. He knows what he wants and what he needs to do it. I have watched a lot of movies but Thor: The Dark World is one of my favorites.
Next, we have Lord Voldemort from the Harry Potter series. He is played by Ralph Fiennes. In my opinion, Fiennes plays the character of Lord Voldemort extremely well. In the movie, Lord Voldemort tries to take over the wizarding world. However, Harry Potter stands in his way of doing that. Voldemort gets an army together to attack Hogwarts in the movie. This is a trait that makes him a good villain. He knows what to do to potentially take over Hogwarts and the Ministry of Magic. Although he does fail eventually when Harry defeats him, Lord Voldemort is an exceptionally good villain. He knows what Harry's weakness are and uses it to his advantage. Also, Voldemort is not human. He was made the way he is for evil and wrong doings. People and wizards that know who Voldemort is, are afraid of him. This is a quality that makes a good villain, too. If people are afraid of you, they probably won't mess with you. Unless they have a lot of people fighting together to defeat the villain like Harry does. Voldemort is smart to put together an army of people the way he does. He knows how to work his way around the other wizards to get to Harry.
Finally, I am going to explain why these particular movie villains are my favorites. First, Loki from Thor: The Dark World is the number one movie villain on my best movie villains list. He is smart, conniving, mysterious, and his power of illusion is what makes him a great villain. Tom Hiddleston plays the part of Loki very well in the movie and that is also why he is my favorite movie villain. Next, President Snow from The Hunger Games trilogy is the second best villain on my best movie villain list. He has all of the qualities that make a good villain. He is evil, powerful, and knows what to do to get rid of someone or something. He is hated by everyone in the lower and middle class society because some have lost their friends and relatives in the games. He has a lot of people working for him which makes him powerful. Lastly, Lord Voldemort from the Harry Potter series is the third villain on my best movie villain list. Voldemort is sneaky, evil, and will do anything to get what he wants. He murders everyone who gets in his way and doesn't care. He is not human which is usually a trait most villains have.
Voldemort is wise with magic and has a lot of people on his side. However, the one person he fears is Professor Dumbledore. When Voldemort plans Dumbledore's murder and he dies, he becomes more powerful because he isn't afraid of anything anymore. All of these qualities make a good villain. This is why Loki, President Snow, and Lord Voldemort are the best three movie villains.
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My Favorite Villains: President Snow from the Hunger Games, Loki from Thor, Darth Vader from Star Wars, and Voldemort from Harry Potter. (2022, Oct 05).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/10/page/3/
