Month: September 2022
Facebook Policy: Data, Privacy, Impact on Society
Cambridge Analytica, a political data firm, accessed private data on in excess of 50 million Facebook clients. The firm offered devices that could distinguish the identities of American voters and impact their conduct. The data, included subtleties on clients' characters, companion systems and 'preferences.' The thought was to delineate attributes dependent on what individuals had loved on Facebook, and afterward utilize that data to target gatherings of people with advanced promotions. The technique had been developed at Cambridge University’s Psychometrics Center. The center declined to work with Cambridge Analytica, but Aleksandr Kogan, a Russian-American psychology professor at the university, was willing (Granville, 2018). The seriousness of the occurrence far surpassed the desires for the market, all government officials, monetary lenders, and general society. This earnestness does not imply that 50 million client data is spilled, however how the data collected on the super stage, for example, Facebook, particularly the use of client data, how to obstruct the manhandled powerlessness.
Facebook as a person to person communication organization influences it to have a great deal of client data. Despite the fact that Facebook has dependably guaranteed that client data may be shared in the event that it is authorized by the client, and the name data will be covered up when it is sold to advertisers, the issue will dependably emerge. Client dependence and trust on Facebook makes Facebook use client data decisively. Facebook client data spillage occurrences have demonstrated that the effect of vast data breaks is huge. Regardless of whether it's data organizations, governments, or clients, they are reconsidering protection and data security issues. Step by step instructions to guarantee individual and corporate data security, how to utilize data appropriately, etc are for the most part angles that should be viewed as today. In the present progressively trend setting innovation, it is clearly difficult to abstain from entering individual data on person to person communication locales. At that point the proprietor of individual data is obliged to guarantee that client data isn't spilled, and people likewise have the directly to restrict others from utilizing their very own data.
In the period of enormous data, the organization's data security has turned out to be essential. The principle dangers to data security are capacity equipment debasement, hacking, PC infections, human blunder, and data robbery. The organization's data security will confront an enormous risk. Organizations ought to figure out how to utilize and ensure this data sensibly. On the off chance that the organization reinforces the administration and assurance of data, it will spare the organization a ton of expenses, and will likewise assist the organization with establishing a legit and dependable organization picture. At that point let more individuals utilize the organization's items and enhance the general intensity of the organization. Be that as it may, if the organization does not effectively address the danger of data security, the organization's data will be spilled, which is unreliable for client protection, and the client's private data will be released, for example, financial balances, these vital data breaks will be for shoppers. Cause property harm. What's more, the organization's data will be stolen by contenders, and after that through sensible data examination contenders will investigate the organization's basic leadership, and afterward build up a focused arrangement.
What Cambridge did was not a data breach, since it routinely enables specialists to approach client data for scholastic purposes — and clients agree to this entrance when they make a Facebook account. Cambridge Analytica authorities, in the wake of denying that they had acquired or utilized Facebook data, changed their story a week ago. In an announcement to The Times, the organization recognized that it had gained the data, however it pointed the finger at Dr. Kogan for damaging Facebook's standards and said it had erased the data when it educated of the issue two years prior. In any case, the data, or if nothing else duplicates, may in any case exist. The Times was as of late ready to see a lot of crude data from the profiles Cambridge Analytica acquired (Granville, 2018).
Yet, Facebook disallows this sort of data to be sold or exchanged 'to any promotion arrange, data representative or other publicizing or adaptation related administration.' It says that was actually what Dr. Kogan did, in giving the data to a political counseling firm. A lion's share of Facebook income originates from online networking publicizing, and that it is the greatest web based life promoting stage on this planet. Any business that needs to publicize its item will consider Facebook and its enormous client base. For the benefit of publicizing, Facebook clients originate from numerous landmasses which contain a different assortment of socioeconomics. Those different socioeconomics will fulfill a wide range of advertisers. Cambridge Analytica authorities, in the wake of denying that they had gotten or utilized Facebook data, changed their story a week ago (Granville, 2018). In an announcement to The Times, the organization recognized that it had gained the data, however it reprimanded Dr. Kogan for abusing Facebook's tenets and said it had erased the data when it educated of the issue two years back. Be that as it may, the data, or if nothing else duplicates, may in any case exist. The Times was as of late ready to see a lot of crude data from the profiles Cambridge Analytica acquired.
Before, administrations that handle money related exchanges and delicate data by and large, approached you for a Social Security or driver's permit number to affirm your character. In the present computerized world, that data is difficult to shield—and it might have been imperiled in past data ruptures. So banks and different administrations have advanced toward utilizing individual data—mother's family name, pets' names, the road you experienced childhood with—to secure vital records. With some sleuthing, a decided cybercriminal may reveal a portion of these individual subtleties on a Facebook page, expecting you leave your page open to general visibility in your security settings. However, this break conveyed that data straightforwardly, giving programmers a set out head toward potential wholesale fraud wrongdoings (John, 2018).
What could make Facebook data additional significant to programmers, is its precision. All things considered, it was gone into Facebook's PC frameworks by buyers themselves. This is a decent time to reevaluate what you post via web-based networking media. Because Facebook needs the place where you grew up, your sexual orientation, and your birthdate, you don't need to offer it to them. One essential advance is to just, well, lie. When you're setting up a record, you don't need to tell every bit of relevant information. Who's to know (other than you and a couple of dear companions) on the off chance that you substitute the date of your commemoration for your birthday (John, 2018)? The many colleagues who offer you birthday wishes each year will be unaware. Also, while noting those annoying record security questions, you can give an answer that is not exactly precise but rather stays simple for you to recall. At long last, be wary of startling inquiries, regardless of whether they sound genuine. On the off chance that you get a telephone call from a money related establishment that raises your doubts, get back to utilizing a number you find on your bank explanation or the back of your Mastercard. On the off chance that you get a suspicious-looking email, don't open it. Simply erase it. The only way Facebook’s data can be protected is by its users who add data on Facebook in the first place!
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Data Information Knowledge (KID), Cyclic Process for Retail Business Intelligence
Abstract:
In a highly competitive market, it is very risky for a company to make decision on prediction. They must use their available data. With data analytics we can capture value and benefit from the data. To do this, Company must hire skilled analysts to extract knowledge from the information and they have to make new system to do this task. Company has to invest money and resources. Instead of it, this report presents a KID model based on cognitive approach which can collect data and knowledge by continuously understand data, interpreting data into useful information, taking incoming information and updating knowledge. This approach is applied to a retail business for understanding customer purchasing and product sale situations, so as to support provision of better service and timely adaptation of business strategy.
Introduction:
Data, information, and knowledge are familiar terms in our daily lives. In the information age, data, information and knowledge tend to be used interchangeably. Despite many attempts at their definition and the creation of many relevant definitions, there still seems to be a lack of a clear and complete picture of what these terms mean and how they relate to each other. However, there is a consensus that data, information, and knowledge are part of a sequential order. The definitions of data, information and knowledge and their relations are the premises for building a KID model. We explain them from a pragmatic and implementable view point [1].
Smart business, by definition, indicates the ability to achieve goals which are set according to the development tendency of business. The key to successful implementation of the vision of smart business relies on a comprehensive understanding of the surrounded scenario in which a wide spectrum of elements are concerned. Instances simply include the vision of the company concerned, the global economic situation, current trends, the target market and consumers, etc. It is not difficult to come up with thousands of similar elements for consideration. However, an understanding of customers and products for consumer oriented companies is the important element of data-driven insight [1].
It is believed that big data and advanced analytics can deliver more useful insights than traditional tools. However, this isn’t a given. Companies must capture and manage mountains of data over several years. What is more, they must hire, develop, and retain skilled analysts who can distinguish relevant from irrelevant data, draw the right assumptions, and know what the appropriate tools or algorithms to use for translating information into insights are. The former takes time and the latter increases cost. Moreover, individuals with analytical talent as well as acute business acumen are in high demand and short supply [1].
To lighten the burden on companies and support big data analytics, this paper presents a KID model based cognitive approach. Instead of big data, it continuously perceives incoming data piece-by-piece; interprets them into meaningful information; absorbs information into existing knowledge; and updates knowledge just as humans do. Prior knowledge about customers and products, and expert knowledge and skills in retail marketing can be pre-embedded into a knowledge repository in the KID model. Based on this prior knowledge, experience and new knowledge are continuously accumulated, summarized, and evaluated naturally in the data-information-knowledge cyclic process. To some extent, this knowledge is sufficient to turn data driven insights into effective action on the front line. Meanwhile, it can support big data analytics in distinguishing relevant from irrelevant data, drawing the right assumptions, and translating information into insights [1].
Problem Statement:
It has always been a challenge to transform the available data into useful information and derive specific and timely knowledge about customers, products and markets which in turn can help boost profits, reduce costs and support better and more effective management.
Big data and advanced analytics can deliver more useful insights but this is costly in terms of the time it takes to collect data, requires skilled analysts and dynamic changing customer purchasing behavior.
Instead of skilled analysts required for big data, it is suggested a cognitive model based system be used. When accumulated knowledge is sufficient to form useful insights, it is possible for a cognitive model based system to make reasonable assumptions and select appropriate algorithms, to some extent. A KID model based cognitive approach is proposed to support the process of from data to knowledge and get insight from available data.
Objective:
To counter the shortage of skilled analysts in big data, the KID cognitive model is an alternative or supplemental solution.
Literature Review/Previous Work:
A Generic Formulated KID Model for Pragmatic Processing of Data, Information and Knowledge: This paper is focused on understanding fundamental concepts of data, information, knowledge and their relations, and proposes a generic formulated (knowledge-information-data) KID model for pragmatic transformation processing of data, information, and knowledge. In this paper, the KID model is described with emphasis on formalization of data, information and knowledge and formulation of their interrelations. Three abstract functions, i.e., interpretation(), assimilation() and instantiation() are explained how they pragmatically perform the transformation from data to information and from information to knowledge with a retail business scenario [2].
From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases have been attracting a significant amount of research, industry, and media attention of late. What is all the excitement about? This article provides an overview of this emerging field, clarifying how data mining and knowledge discovery in databases are related both to each other and to related fields, such as machine learning, statistics, and databases. The article mentions particular real-world applications, specific data-mining techniques, challenges involved in real-world applications of knowledge discovery, and current and future research directions in the field [3].
KID Model-Driven Things-Edge-Cloud Computing Paradigm for Traffic Data as a Service: The development of intelligent traffic systems can benefit from the pervasiveness of IoT technologies. In recent years, increasing numbers of devices are connected to the IoT, and new kinds of heterogeneous data sources have been generated. This leads to traffic systems that exist in extended dimensions of data space. Although cloud computing can provide essential services that reduce the computational load on IoT devices, it has its limitations: high network bandwidth consumption, high latency, and high privacy risks. To alleviate these problems, edge computing has emerged to reduce the computational load for achieving TDaaS in a dynamic way. However, how to drive all edge servers' work and meet data service requirements is still a key issue. To address this challenge, this article proposes a novel three-level transparency-of-traffic-data service framework, that is, a KID-driven TEC computing paradigm. Its aim is to enable edge servers to cooperatively work with a cloud server. A case study is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed new computing paradigm with associated mechanisms. The performance of the proposed system is also compared to other methods [4].
Methodology:
Methodology is a systematic approach with set of rules, procedures and tools used for developing an application. It focuses on analyzing the problems associated with the design and implementation of the product and helps to build solutions with increased efficiency and productivity by following certain methods and principles.
Iterative Method:
Planning & Requirements: As with most any development project, the first step is go through an initial planning stage to map out the specification documents, establish software or hardware requirements, and generally prepare for the upcoming stages of the cycle [5].
Software Requirements
- Programming Language : Python 3.5
- IDE : Anaconda
- Operating System : Windows 10
Hardware Requirements
- Processor : Intel Pentium or above
- RAM : 2GB or above
- Hard Disk : 20GB or above
Analysis & Design: Once planning is complete, an analysis is performed to nail down the appropriate business logic, database models, and the like that will be required at this stage in the project. The design stage also occurs here, establishing any technical requirements (languages, data layers, services, etc) that will be utilized in order to meet the needs of the analysis stage [5]. Databases are Features.csv, sales data-set.csv, stores data-set.csv.
Implementation: With the planning and analysis out of the way, the actual implementation and coding process can now begin. All planning, specification, and design docs up to this point are coded and implemented into this initial iteration of the project [5].
Testing: Testing is done by applying small, medium and large number of values. For all these different cases expected result will be checked [5].
Evaluation: Once all prior stages have been completed, it is time for a thorough evaluation of development up to this stage.
Anticipated Result: The amount of Knowledge and Information we get from the data by applying KID model.
Significance of Study: Without using big data analytics and by spending less resources and money, we will be able to get Knowledge which can be used to increase business profits [5].
Scope of the study: KID model can be used by retail business industry or small and mid-level business.
Future Work: The proposed KID model is not fixed. It is an abstract model. It need to be verified by taking different cases and scenarios.
References
[1] Atsushi Sato and Runhe Huang “From Data to Knowledge: a Cognitive Approach to Retail Business Intelligence”, Hosei University Tokyo, Japan
[2] Atsushi Sato and Runhe Huang “A Generic Formulated KID Model for Pragmatic Processing of Data, Information and Knowledge”, Hosei University Tokyo, Japan
[3] Usama Fayyad, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, and Padhraic Smyth “From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases”,
[4] Bowen Du, Runhe Huang, Zhipu Xie, Jianhua Ma, and Weifeng Lv “KID Model-Driven Things-Edge-Cloud Computing Paradigm for Traffic Data as a Service”, Hosei University
[5] Andrew Powell-Morse, December 15, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://airbrake.io/blog/sdlc/iterative-model [Accessed September 12, 2018]
[6] Lego Views. [Online]. Available: https://legoviews.com/2013/04/06/put-knowledge-into-action-and-enhance-organisational-wisdom-lsp-and-dikw/ [Accessed September 12, 2018]
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Data Information Knowledge (KID), Cyclic Process for Retail Business Intelligence. (2022, Sep 29).
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The Basics of Marijuana
Marijuana is the new big drug which is causing teens and adults to spiral down into addiction. In 2016 more than 24 million americans were current marijuana users. Today there are many questions about weather marijuana is good or bad for the human body and that is just the beginning of it. Marijuana is a very complicated drug which can be used for good or if put in the wrong hands used for very pad purposes.
Marijuana can be a good choice of medicine for certain illnesses. Marijuana is mainly used to help ease the pain in cancer chemotherapy. It can also help glaucoma by relieving pressure in the eye which is the major problem in glaucoma. Sometimes people even use it to help with chronic pain. Even though marijuana may have some good healing properties it also has a lot of bad properties. One of these properties is that marijuana can cause trouble thinking and remembering. It also gives people bloodshot eyes. One of the worst is that it can cause slow coordination which can cause trouble driving and lead to many fatal car crashes when under the influence.
People do marijuana for many reasons but here are just a few. They may do marijuana because of peer pressure. Lots of people feel that they are forced to do it and they get addicted. Another main reason people do marijuana is that they think that it is harmless and fun. The new occurring reason people do marijuana is that they do it for medical purposes. Using marijuana for medical purposes may be good but many times people get addicted and start using the drug in a harmful way. In the ingredients of marijuana there are four hundred chemical compounds in weed there are also more than sixty special compounds.
Marijuana is often laced with heavy metals which are not good for people. Lastly, marijuana is also laced with funguses. Here are some ways to counter the negative effects of marijuana. Caffeine is a great way to block the trance-like state that marijuana causes the body to feel. The sun also can alter the effect of marijuana on the human body. Lastly, exercise is a great way to block that trance-like state that the weed causes the body to feel. Many states are still fighting the legalization of weed because they don’t want to make weed easy to obtain and then have it be abused. They also still do not think that marijuana is a reliable source for medical purposes. They believe that it is terrible for the human body and should not be legalized. Lastly, they think that the weed will cause more crime in the states and more of an increase in tax revenue.
Marijuana has many effects on teens here are just a few of them. Marijuana can cause teens to suffer from memory loss and a loss of concentration. Marijuana can also turn into a gateway drug which may cause teens to use other drugs or alcohol. One of the biggest problems is that teens may get into more car accidents because of driving under the influence. If marijuana were to be legalized it would have a massive impact on law enforcement.
Some people say that legalizing marijuana will increase tax revenue and decrease crime but the majority of law enforcement say that it will decrease tax revenue and increase crime. They also state that if they legalize marijuana it will result in more OWI’s (Operating Under The Influence.)
The last problem is that law enforcement will have a lack of reliable field tests for people who are using the drug. Marijuana is a drug which has many healing properties and many bad properties for the human body. It can be can be used for good but it also has some very bad properties which can really hurt the human body. Marijuana is a very popular drug which can either be used for the better or worse of the human race.
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Learning Models for Exploring Big Data
To address the problem, multimodal deep learning models have been proposed .Since vectors cannot handle highly hetrogeneous data so we are using Tensors and since Stack auto encoders are single way we have to use a new stacked auto encoder.
In MDL They perform feature learning from each modality using conventional deep learning models,The deep computation model was proposed for big data feature learning based on the tensor big data representation model. In the tensor big data representation model, each object is represented by a tensor. For example, an image in the RGB space is typically represented by a third-order tensor R whc in which w, h, c denote the width, the height, and the color, respectively.
Therefore, an image with 1024 768 resolutions in the RGB space can be represented by R10247683. Furthermore, a deep computation model is constructed to learn hierarchical features for big data by stacking several TAEs. To train the parameters of the deep computation model, each TAE is first trained by an unsupervised strategy to obtain the initial parameters from bottom to top, and then some labeled samples are used as the supervised objects to fine-tune the parameters
B.Experiments on SNAE2 Dataset on Tensor Deep Learning Model The authors in paper [9] explained experiment results as follows. The SNAE2 dataset, collected from Youtube, consists of 1,800 video clips grouped into four categories: sport, new, advertisement, and entertainment. Each sample consisting of 100 frames is represented by a 4-order tensor. To evaluate the performance of the TDL model, we selected 1,500 samples as the training set and the rest as the testing set and compared our TDL model to the multimodal deep learning model. We train the TDL model and the multimodal deep learning model with different number of hidden layers for classifying the dataset. Each model is performed for five times and the classification results are shown in image below these two models produce the best classification results for the SNAE2 dataset when there are three hidden layers.
That demonstrates that three levels of representations are enough for classification on the SNAE2 dataset. Furthermore, our model performs better than SAE in most cases, proving the effectiveness of the proposed model. The classification accuracy of two models with three hidden layers is shown image below classification result with accuracy 85.7 percent on the SNEA2 while SAE produces the average classification accuracy of 81.4 percent. Furthermore, even in the worst case, the result obtained by the tensor auto-encoder with a classification accuracy of 82.1 percent is better than the average result of SAE, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the tensor deep learning model.
B. Experiments on SNAE2 Dataset on Deep Convolutional Computation Model The authors in paper explained experiment results as follows. To verify the performance of the DCCM, it is also compared with DCM and MDL. The best performance models are trained. Specially, the DCCM is the architecture of seven constrained layers and three fully connected layers. For the DCM, the structure with three hidden layers is adopted, since this structure performs best on CUAVE dataset in the work. Similarly, for the multimodal deep learning, the shared representation architecture is used. The details of the classification accuracy are shown in Table below.
As shown in Table, the average classification accuracy of DCCMis 86.2 on the SNAE2 dataset,which is higher than that of other models. Moreover, in the worst case, the classification accuracy of DCCM is slightly higher than classification results produced by other models, which shows the effectiveness of the DCCM.
C.Since Hinton proposed the deep belief network, many other deep learning models have been devised, such as stacked autoencoder, deep CNN, and their variants. And they have made some great progress in face recognition, real time search, and speech analysis. However, those models emphasize extraction of a single representation from the original data, which results in the serious restriction in capturing the hybrid features contained in the heterogeneous big data. To tackle this problem, somemodels for multimodal feature learning have been devised recently. The most representative multimodal feature learning model is bimodal deep autoencoder, which is devised by Ngiam et al. to model midlevel correlations between the audio and the visual. In the model, the authors considered three strategies: multimodal fusion, cross modality learning, and shared representation learning to discover the representations hidden in audio-visual data. Finally, the authors adopted the shared representation strategy in modeling the bimodal deep autoencoder.
A similar method is bimodal restricted Boltzmann machine proposed by Srivastava and Salakhutdinov. In this model, the authors employed states of latent variable to model the multimodal data to discover a probability density over the space of heterogeneous modalities. Different from the bimodal deep autoencoder, the multimodal deep Boltzmann machine focuses on the shared representations between images and texts. Moreover, the model can satisfy two properties. First, the similarity in the joint representation space is coincident with that in the independent raw space. Second, the model can be robust, which means that it can also learn the shared representation in multimodal space even when some modalities are missing. Recently, some novel multimodal models are proposed for heterogeneous data feature learning.
To improve the accuracy of face recognition, Ding and Tao designed the multimodal deep face representation framework, in which multimodal features are adopted to jointly model the face representation. The framework consists of two types of deep learning model: the CNN and the deep stacked autoencoder (SAE). Specially, various hidden modalities are extracted from the images by a set of well-designed CNN, and the learned features are concatenated as the input of the SAE. Hu et al. devised a novel deep model multimodal speaker naming model (DMSN) for the improvement of performance for speakers inSince Hinton proposed the deep belief network, many other deep learning models have been devised, such as stacked autoencoder, deep CNN, and their variants. And they have made some great progress in face recognition, real time search, and speech analysis.
However, those models emphasize extraction of a single representation from the original data, which results in the serious restriction in capturing the hybrid features contained in the heterogeneous big data. To tackle this problem, somemodels for multimodal feature learning have been devised recently. The most representative multimodal feature learning model is bimodal deep autoencoder, which is devised by Ngiam et al. to model midlevel correlations between the audio and the visual. In the model, the authors considered three strategies: multimodal fusion, cross modality learning, and shared representation learning to discover the representations hidden in audio-visual data.
Finally, the authors adopted the shared representation strategy in modeling the bimodal deep autoencoder. A similar method is bimodal restricted Boltzmann machine proposed by Srivastava and Salakhutdinov [10]. In this model, the authors employed states of latent variable to model the multimodal data to discover a probability density over the space of heterogeneous modalities. Different from the bimodal deep autoencoder, the multimodal deep Boltzmann machine focuses on the shared representations between images and texts.
Moreover, the model can satisfy two properties. First, the similarity in the joint representation space is coincident with that in the independent raw space. Second, the model can be robust, which means that it can also learn the shared representation in multimodal space even when some modalities are missing. Recently, some novel multimodal models are proposed for heterogeneous data feature learning. To improve the accuracy of face recognition, Ding and Tao designed the multimodal deep face representation framework, in which multimodal features are adopted to jointly model the face representation. The framework consists of two types of deep learning model: the CNN and the deep stacked autoencoder (SAE).
Specially, various hidden modalities are extracted from the images by a set of well-designed CNN, and the learned features are concatenated as the input of the SAE. Hu et al. [20] devised a novel deep model multimodal speaker naming model (DMSN) for the improvement of performance for speakers in
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The Historical Origin of Software and Data Management
As we known, in the ancient time, even the tools for recording were not useful, not to mention recording the data. Rather than studying the evaluation of database, it is better to say that we study the process of recording in the early era.
In the middle east, estimated 8000 B.C. , small tokens which were used for keep track of information were found to represent commodities(sheep or grain).
Later, in Babylon around 3500 B.C. The notations that scribes made in clay tables to represent economic activities, including totals and subtotals, could be considered as early balance sheets. However, coined money, invented by Greece and Rome, moved society away from recording value and quantity of merchandise, which improved the method of recording people's transactions. Data management systems originated from recording transactions in business, science, and commerce. In addition, data primarily consisted of numbers and characters. During six thousand years, technological evolved from clay table to papyrus to parchment and then to paper. Furthermore, data representation innovations, like phonetic alphabets and ledgers, appeared, which were great changes. However, the data management system was still on manual in the early era.
Later, punch card, a piece of stiff paper in which holes are punched in predefined positions to represent data, were invited to input, output and storage data. At the end of the 1800s, Herman Hollerith invited punched card data processing technology for the 1890 US census. The invention of punched card, providing data read by machined not by human, met the needs of large and complex firms, an efficient way to process and collect data. Furthermore, In 1890, as the memory of a mechanical tabulating machine, punched cards were adapted by Herman Hollerith for weaving looms. Initially, the dynamoelectric machines only counted holes, but by the 1920s they had units to implement basic arithmetic operations. In 1924, the Tabulating Machine Company, founded by Hollerith, was renamed from Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company(CTR) to International Business Machines Corporation(IBM) which was widely used in the 20th due to the WWII.
Because of the needs of computing technology, the first computer was invented in 1946. Four years later, replacing punched cards and tabulating machines, IBM model computer offered an more efficient way for commercial use. However, the nature of data management did not change radically.
In 1964, the first Data Base Management System (DBMS) software, IBM’s system 360, was introduced for disk storage, computer terminals and mini computers, which introduced a new concept that data should be managed independently without application programs and users. As time goes by, data were used not only for commercial use but also for marketing, personnel and production. In addition, other DBMS software appeared for first computers. Management information systems (MIS), for example, emphasized that not only can manage data efficiently, computer technology also helps make decision. Another software, Local Area Networks(LAN), tries to deconcentrate the data processing environment and allows minicomputer to talk to each other. Compared with early system, todays DBMS applies relational databases rather than categories and subcategories. In addition, advanced analytical software can find out schema in large database and abstract the meaning.
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Responsibility of Sports Officials
An official is either an umpire, referee, and or a judge for a sports event. These officials are handed many different responsibilities that they must follow on and off the field. If one or more of these are broken, measurements have to be taken. Sports officials have ways to prevent and handle these situations when faced with them.
There are many things that officials could be liable for. Anywhere from injuries to being on time to a game. The first liability is checking equipment. A player’s equipment helps to prevent injury, so it is very important that it is legal to be used. If a player has faulty equipment and gets hurt because of it, that could possibly fall on the official who was responsible for checking to make sure the equipment is up to par with regulations. This can be seen in the game off soccer. If a player has metal cleats, it is illegal but can also cause serious harm to the other team and even their own players. In this situation, it would be the sports official’s fault for not checking the players cleats before the game began. As well as dangerous, metal cleats are illegal. This can give an unfair advantage to that given team. The rules of illegal equipment and the official’s job to check them can be seen in many other sports.
Sports officials are responsible for so many things. Some are legal and some are just simple. The first legal responsibility of an official is that they work as independent contractors and are not employed by the school districts. They may not be covered under workmen’s compensation or liability insurance. The second responsibility is judgement calls. All calls are judgement calls and will not be overturned in court. Decision-making is very important with officials. They must make very difficult decisions while officiating. Sometimes, they may seem unfair or not be agreed with by the fans, coaches, or players. For example, when a player shows unsportsmanlike conduct and needs to be punished even though it may, in turn, cause that team to lose.
Officials could also be responsible for the obvious reasons. Such as, being on time for a game or event. For example, if there is a tournament going on and every game has a certain schedule and time limit, it is crucial that they show up on time and start the games on time. If they do not do this, they are risking games being cancelled or postponed. This could possibly cause the outcome of the tournament to be changed.
They need to call the game fairly. Favoritism can not happen because it causes so many problems. It can cause fights or arguments. It can cause the pace of the game to slow down. Favoritism can also get an official a trip to court because of bribery before the game. Officials, most importantly, need to understand the game that they are officiating. If they do not understand the game and basic rules, it could cause missed calls, wrong calls, or the officials themselves being put out of a job for not knowing the game.
In conclusion, the game depends on the sports official’s abilities to help create fair play. Responsibility and liabilities are ways sports officials understand and implement the rules. With this further understanding sports officials have ways to prevent and handle the ups and downs of the game.
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Data De-duplication Using Plagiarism
ABSTRACT
Cloud storage is a remote storage service, where users can upload and download their data anytime and anywhere. Data duplication, data leakage, space consumption, etc. are the main issues concerning cloud storage. During the time of upload, data is converted into binary data. In the proposed method, by using AES algorithm, cipher text is created, which is stored in the cloud. Further, using MD5 algorithm, a hash value is created and it is stored in the hash table. Parallel to this, plagiarism is running and it involves content checking. Out of the different methods of plagiarism, syntactic based method is used here. Syntactic based method do not consider the meaning of words, phrases, or sentences. Content checking is performed to eliminate duplicate cipher text. Here, a threshold value is set and if content similarity is smaller than the threshold value, user opinion is asked to upload the data. Here, data compression is performed at the time of uploading data to the cloud and this is done to reduce the amount of storage space. Plagiarism and compression techniques avoid unwanted memory usage. The proposed method offers better data security than the existing one and user can utilize the data as needed.
A censorious confrontation for cloud storage is the management of aggregate volume of accumulating data. In order to manipulate the data management, data compression or data deduplication technique has been proposed and intrigues more attention. Since the amount of data storage is larger, there may be large amount of duplicate copies. In order to avoid those unwanted data and to save the storage space, a peculiar data compression technique has been enabled to remove the redundant data .This helps to reduce the byte storage in cloud. Only one copy of the tautological data is kept and the remaining data are excluded.
Redundant data are replaced with pointers, so that only eminent data can be retrieved. Pointers are provided to users with same file so that there is no obligation to upload the file. Though there are many privileges, certain security crisis may occur internally and externally. Hence certain encryption techniques are handled and are accompanied by cipher texts. Deduplication can be made possible by formatting contrast cipher texts for divergent users.
The users download the file that is encrypted and then AES keys are used to decrypt the file. Authorization is provided to guide the user while uploading the file in the cloud. Users without proper authentication are not allowed to perform dualistic checks. These checks are compassed in public cloud. After transmitting the file, checking is done for any existing privileges that correspond to match the privilege of newly uploaded data. Hence for competent storage of uploaded data, Storage Service Provider is imported.
INTRODUCTION
Cloud computing has become a hot topic and brings many advantages through various services. The complex hardware, database, and operating system can be handled by a cloud server. Users only need some simple devices, which can connect to the cloud server. However, in the environment, the cloud server can obtain and control all the uploaded data because all the data are stored or operated in the cloud. The security and privacy issues are very important in cloud computing. In order to protect privacy, users encrypt their data by some encryption algorithms the encrypted data to the cloud.
Project is focused on the cloud storage service. Users can store their data in the cloud storage and download the stored data anywhere. Even if users exhaust their own storage spaces, the cloud storage server can expand the storage spaces without destroying the stored data. However, the fast growth of storage requirements burdens the cloud storage, which is not infinite. The cloud storage server typically applies the data de-duplication technique to reduce the consumption of storage space.
At the same time, the goal of encryptions is to keep information secret and make it difficult to distinguish the encrypted data (i.e., cipher texts) from random values. If an encryption is secure, it would be hard to obtain information from cipher texts. Hence, encrypted data de-duplication becomes a challenge because the first step of data de duplication is to search for duplicate data.
Cloud computing increases the speed and dexterity which alludes to accessing the internet in a specific data center of different hardware and software. It is a used to describe a class of network based computing that takes place over the internet. It comprises the procurement of dynamically adaptable and virtualized reserves as a indulgence over the internet. This technology allows more efficient computation by centralizing storage memory processing and bandwidth.
EXISTING SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Cloud storage is a remote storage service, where users can upload and download their data anytime and anywhere. It raises issues regarding privacy and data con?dentiality because all the data are stored in the cloud storage. This is a subject of concern for users, and it affects their willingness to use cloud storage services. On the other hand, a cloud storage server typically performs a specialized data compression technique (data deduplication) to eliminate duplicate data because the storage space is not in?nite.
Data deduplication, which makes it possible for data owners to share a copy of the same data, can be performed to reduce the consumption of storage space. In the existing system encrypted data deduplication mechanism which makes the cloud storage server be able to eliminate duplicate cipher texts and improves the privacy protection.
There are 2 methods of data-deduplication:
Source-Based Approach
Data de-duplication acts on the client users, client users need to query storage server whether the data has been uploaded, before really uploading. Source-Based: With source-based de-duplication, the data is most often de-duplicated by software agents, installed on the source servers, working with the central de-duplication appliance. Only unique data is sent across the network. In addition to capacity benefits there are significant advantages to be gained from the reduction in network traffic. This can be very beneficial for organizations with large campuses, or organizations with remote offices, that backup to a central location.
Examples of source-based de-duplication are EMC's Avamar and CommVault's Simpana 9. Avamar is based on a storage grid appliance, and priced on capacity of this appliance with unlimited, no additional cost, software agents for the source servers. Simpana 9 is a pure software solution, and will run on a wide range of hardware.
However, the performance capabilities of the equipment must be up to the task, and CommVault makes some recommendations in this regard. Software-based solutions provide for a great deal of flexibility but often at the cost of increased complexity, so it is important that your chosen supplier is experienced with not only the chosen product, but also its suitability to the specific application.
Target-Based Approach
The steps of data de-duplication are handled by the storage server , while client users just upload and download their data. Target-based deduplication employs a disk storage device as the data repository or target. The data is driven to the target using standard backup software. Once it reaches the device, the deduplication is processed as it enters the target (In-Line Processing), or it is received by the device in its raw data state and is processed after the entire backup job has arrived (Post-Process). There are pros and cons with each of these methods and picking the correct technology for your specific environment is important.
A good example of in-line technology is EMC's Data Domain product line. These appliances have extremely fast and capable possessing power and are specifically designed to be able to handle and deduplicate data as fast as it can be supplied to them. In fact, network performance is often found to be the limiting factor to speed of backup, rather than de-dupe processing. A key benefit with in line systems, such as these, is the ability to replicate to disaster recovery sites immediately because of the fact that the data is deduplicated as soon as it is received.
Post-process products ingest data to local storage, and then process the stored data. In some products, the de-dupe process can start at the same time as the backup starts, but in most cases, the process lags the incoming data, and can take a considerable time to complete. This method avoids the need for the high performance processing power in order to reduce the cost. However there are trade offs. First, you can't replicate data until the whole backup is deduplicated. Second, the solution has to have more disk storage capacity than an in-line method, as it needs to be able to store a complete backup session in unduplicated form.
Limitations: In both methods there is no content checking. Files having similar content may be uploaded to the could. It leads to the wastage of space in cloud.
Amazo PLAGIARISM
Document Plagiarism Opposed to other types of plagiarism (such as music, graphs, etc.), document plagiarism falls in two categories; source code plagiarism and free text plagiarism. Given the constraints and keywords of programming languages, detecting the former are easier than detecting the latter and hence source code plagiarism detection is not the focus of current research. Plagiarism takes several forms. Maurer et al stated that the followings are some of what considered practices of free text plagiarism:
- Copy-paste: or verbatim (word-for-word) plagiarism, in which the textual contents are copied from one or multiple sources. The copied contents might be modified slightly.
- Paraphrasing: changing grammar, using synonyms of words, re-ordering sentences in original work, or restating same contents in different semantics.
- No proper use of quotation marks: failing to identify exact parts of borrowed contents.
Plagiarism detection methods can be broadly classified into three main categories. The first category tries to capture the author style of writing and find any inconsistent change in this style. This is known as Stylometry analysis. The second category is more commonly used which is based on comparing multiple documents and identifying overlapping parts between these documents. The third category takes a document as input and then searches for plagiarism patterns over the Web either manually or in an automated manner.
Fig 1: Figure provides taxonomy of plagiarism detection methods
Syntactic-Based Detection Unlike semantic-based, syntactic-based methods do not consider the meaning of words, phrases, or sentence. Thus the two words “exactly” and “equally” are considered different. This is of course a major limitation of these methods in detecting some kinds of plagiarism. Nevertheless they can provide significant speedup gain comparing to semantic-based methods especially for large data sets since the comparison does not involve deeper analysis of the structure and/or the semantics of terms. To quantify the similarity between chunks, usually a similarity measure is used.
Porter stemmer
Porter stemmer algorithm is a process for removing words from English. There are several types of stemming algorithms which differ in respect to performance and accuracy and how certain stemming obstacles are overcome.
Porter’s algorithm is important for two reasons. First, it provides a simple approach to conflation that seems to work well in practice and that is applicable to a range of languages. Second, it has spurred interest in stemming as a topic for research in its own right, rather than merely as a low-level component of an information retrieval system. The algorithm was first published in 1980; however, it and its descendants continue to be employed in a range of applications that stretch far beyond its original intended use.
Suffix-stripping algorithm: Suffix stripping algorithms do not rely on a lookup table that consists of inflected forms and root form relations. Instead, a typically smaller list of 'rules' is stored which provides a path for the algorithm, given an input word form, to find its root form. Some examples of the rules include:
- if the word ends in 'ed', remove the 'ed'
- if the word ends in 'ing', remove the 'ing'
- if the word ends in 'ly', remove the 'ly'
Suffix stripping approaches enjoy the benefit of being much simpler to maintain than brute force algorithms, assuming the maintainer is sufficiently knowledgeable in the challenges of linguistics and morphology and encoding suffix stripping rules. Suffix stripping algorithms are sometimes regarded as crude given the poor performance when dealing with exceptional relations (like 'ran' and 'run'). The solutions produced by suffix stripping algorithms are limited to those which have well known suffixes with few exceptions. This, however, is a problem, as not all parts of speech have such a well formulated set of rules. Lemmatization attempts to improve upon this challenge.Prefix stripping may also be implemented. Of course, not all languages use prefixing or suffixing.
This module manages the downloading, uploading and searching of files. To implement the uploading process, the file data converted into binary is encrypted using AES. Using Plagiarism the content checking is done and the file is uploaded or discarded. The downloading process request for the particular data and the searching is done; if it is available the data is downloaded.
ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES)
AES was published by the national institute of standards and technology in 2001. AES is a symmetric block cipher. Cipher takes a plane text block size of 128 bits or 16 bytes. The key length can be 16, 24 or 32 bytes (128,192,256 bits). The algorithm is referred to as AES-128, AES-192 or AES-256 depending on the key length.
Each word is 4 bytes, and the total key schedule is 44 words for the 128-bit key. The ordering of bytes within a matrix is by column. The cipher consist of N rounds, where the number of rounds depends on the key length: 10 rounds for a 16-byte key , 12 rounds for a 24-byte key , and 14 round for a 32-byte key.
There are four different stages used:
1. Substitute bytes: Uses an S-box to perform a byte-by-byte substitution of the block.
2. Shift Rows: A simple permutation.
3. Mix Columns: A substitution that makes use of arithmetic over.
4. AddRoundKey: A simple bitwise XOR of the current block with a portion of the expanded key.
MESSAGE DIGEST ALGORITHM 5 (MD5)
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used cryptographic hash function producing a 128-bit (16-byte) hash value, typically expressed in text format as a 32 digit hexadecimal number. MD5 has been utilized in a wide variety of cryptographic applications, and is also commonly used to verify data integrity.
MD5 processes a variable-length message into a fixed-length output of 128 bits. The input message is broken up into chunks of 512-bit blocks (sixteen 32-bit words); the message is padded so that its length is divisible by 512. The padding works as follows: first a single bit, 1, is appended to the end of the message. This is followed by as many zeros as are required to bring the length of the message upto 64 bits fewer than a multiple of 512.
The remaining bits are filled up with 64 bits representing the length of the original message, modulo 264. MD5 digests have been widely used in the software world to provide some assurance that a transferred file has arrived intact.
GZIP
GZIP power is format and a softer application used for file compression and de compression. The GZIP is based on the DEFLATE algorithm which is the combination of LZ77 and Huffman coding. GZIP is also used to refer to the GZIP file format which is a 10-byte header, containing a magic number, version number and a timestamp.
Although its file format also allows for multiple such stream to be concatenated. GZIP is normally used to compress just single files. Compress archives are typically created by assembling collections of file into a single tar archive, and then compressing that archives format. The ZIP format also used DEFLATE. The ZIP format can hold collection of file without an external archive, but is less compact than compressed tar balls holding the same data, because it compress file individually and cannot take advantages of redundancy between files.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Implementation and Testing Environment We implemented the proposed scheme and tested its performance.. We applied a MySQL database to store data files and related information. In our test, we did not take into account the time of data uploading and downloading. We focused on testing the performance of the deduplication procedure and algorithms designed in our scheme.
1: Efficiency of data encryption and decryption In this experiment, we tested the operation time of data encryption and decryption with AES by applying different AES key sizes (128 bits, 196 bits and 256 bits) and different data size (from 10 megabytes to 600 megabytes). The testing environment was Intel Core i5-3337U CPU 1.80 GHz 4.00 GB. RAM, Ubuntu v13.10 2.0 GB RAM, Dual-Core processor, 25.0G Hard disk. As shown in Fig. 1, we observed that even when the data is as big as 600 MB, the encryption/decryption time is less than 13 seconds if applying 256-bit AES key.
Applying symmetric encryption for data protection is a reasonable and practical choice. The time spent on AES encryption and decryption is increased with the size of data.
This is inevitable in any encryption schemes. Since AES is very efficient on data encryption and decryption, 1024-bit PRE with different sizes of AES symmetric keys.
Fig. 2 shows the operation time that is the average time of 500 tests. We observe that our scheme is very efficient. The time spent for PRE key pair generation (KeyGen), re-encryption key generation (ReKeyGen), encryption (Enc), re-encryption (ReEnc) and decryption (Dec) is not related to the length of an input key. For the tested three AES key sizes, the encryption time is less than 5 milliseconds. The decryption time is about 1 millisecond. The main aim of our project is to avoid deduplication and reduce the consumption of storage space in cloud. Amazon S3 cloud is used in our project. It is an online file storage web service offered by amazon web services. Amazon S3 provides storage through web services interfaces (SOAP).
Amazon Web Services (AWS), is a collection of cloud computing services that make up the on-demand computing platform offered by Amazon.com. These services operate from 12 geographical regions across the world. The most central and best-known of these services arguably include Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, also known as 'EC2', and Amazon Simple Storage Service, also known as 'S3'. AWS now has more than 70 services that range from compute, storage, networking, database, analytics, application services, deployment, management and mobile. Amazon markets AWS as a service to provide large computing capacity quicker and cheaper than a client company building an actual physical server farm.
Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), provides developers and IT teams with secure, durable, highly-scalable cloud storage. Amazon S3 is easy to use object storage, with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web. With Amazon S3, you pay only for the storage you actually use. There is no minimum fee and no setup cost.Amazon S3 offers a range of storage classes designed for different use cases including Amazon S3 Standard for general-purpose storage of frequently accessed data, Amazon S3 Standard - Infrequent Access (Standard - IA) for long-lived, but less frequently accessed data, and Amazon Glacier for long-term archive. Amazon S3 also offers configurable lifecycle policies for managing your data throughout its lifecycle. Once a policy is set, your data will automatically migrate to the most appropriate storage class without any changes to your applications. There are two type of users registered user and an admin .If a user want to use the cloud he/she must have to register initially. After the approval of the admin he/she can login in to the cloud and upload or download file. There are two type of user’s .Normal and Premium Users. Normal user can use the cloud for 1 year and Premium user can use the cloud for 1year and 6 months. After the validity time they are blocked and they can’t use the Cloud.
CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK
We propose a feasible data deduplication mechanism in which all data are stored as the cipher structure in the cloud storage. The main two functional modules of our project is Uploading and Downloading. The two conditions we provided for Uploading are; making the file public and private. There is no special condition for Downloading; it is just simply the downloading.
The cipher structure in the cloud storage is formed using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The Encryption of datas will provide a high level of security. Here sender and receiver use the same encryption/decryption key.In future other mechanism to implement the upload and download functions using pdf document as well as video,audios,semantic type plagiarism can be used in future.
The heart of our project is content checking and it is done using Plagiarism. Porter Stemmer enhances the searching of texts written in other languages. This avoids the deduplication in text files.
For each file an independent hash value is generated using Message Digest algorithm (MD5). Inorder to reduce the storage space we are here compressing the datas and it is done by using GZIP mechanism.
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Data Visualization: Case Review Summary
Main Topic:
Data visualization means representing data in a visual format like graphs or charts. The visualization is necessary in day-to-day IT world as we can see the patterns and trends of the data. Without visualization, finding hidden patterns and anomalies in data would be very difficult. The most critical mindset for a data visualizer is the overall business message that he or she want to communicate and what the influence would be.
For developing an effective way to think visually one should know the answers to the below 2 questions:
1. Is the information that needs to be presented data driven or conceptual?
2. Does the visualization conclude something or explore something?
The response to the above queries would provide a better insight to the tools and type of visualization that would be required for a good presentation.
for conception information, the concentration should be on ideas and goals should be to simplify and instruct. For Data driven information or facts, the focal point should be on statistics and goals would be to notify and educate. For declarative visual information, the focus should be on logging all designing with a goal to declare or confirm. For Exploratory information, the code focuses on interacting or automating & the goal would be to affirm or identify.
Explanation on contents:
The overall questions of purpose and nature defines four types (2X2) visual communication.
Idea Illustration: Conceptual & Declarative
This quadrant is called the “Consultants Corner” and these illustrations rely on metaphor (trees, bridges). Also, they include various graphics like decision trees & process diagrams. Idea illustration should be clear and simple with main focus on logic & structure. Here are the type of information will be process framework with teaching & presentation being the regular setting.
Idea Generation: Conceptual & Exploratory
This quadrant As well relies on conceptual metaphor but usually happens in brainstorming strategy sessions. It is used to find new ways of seeing how business works and to answer complex management challenges. Classic examples are writeups on a whiteboard or napkins. Its More informal setting. Later, these visuals can be converted into more formal idea illustrations. Team building would be the main skill, moving towards the goal of innovation and problem solving.
Visual Discovery: Exploratory & Data-Driven
This is one of the most complicated quadrants and holds 2 categories:
1)Visual Confirmation;
2) Visual Exploration.
Visual Confirmation Indulges in answering queries such as, is the debatable information true? or in what different ways we can present this idea? For these kinds of visual setup, the critical skills would be to play with spreadsheets and knowledge with paired analysis and programming.
Vision exploration pertains to data driven open-ended content in which one is not aware of what he or she is looking for. For example, the best way could bring out project trends and relations for huge data in a spreadsheet is to plot it on a chart or a graph. Skills such as data management, business intelligence and analytical programming would prove handy.
Everyday Dataviz: Data-Driven & Declarative
This quadrant is a simple display of graphs, charts and scatter plots. The message should be simple enough and provide clarity in order to explain itself in a timely fashion. Here the goal would be to affirm setting context.
Key Takeaways:
• Visualization is a process of designing where the person who presents it would require knowing what's the idea that needs to be conveyed and not just the presentation.
• Data visualize properly should be able to tell a clear story.
• A person with good mindset on visualization would make people to see and visualize what they would have never thought of, changing mindset and making them to learn.
• In order to achieve a good visualization better data interpretation is very critical.
• The analysis given in the paper is constructed to give a wider perspective to promote better visualization.
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Data visualization: Case Review Summary. (2022, Sep 29).
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A Survey on Data Privacy Protection Methods in Big Data
Sublime measures of Data are being produced by online business, different applications, banks, schools, and so forth by virtue of advanced innovation. Pretty much every industry is attempting to adapt to this colossal information. Big Data phenomenon has started to pick up significance. However, it isn't without a doubt, hard to store enormous information and investigate them with conventional applications, yet additionally it has testing protection and security issues. A review of the quickly flourishing field of Big Data, Data Mining, Data Acquisition and Analysis and the issues winning due to these is provided in this paper. Privacy Preservation methods are getting progressively significant because of the expanding measure of information. Therefore, the paper investigates different security dangers and in this manner expresses the techniques for their avoidance. A general point of view for privacy protection has been recommended.
1. Introduction
There is an exponential development in volume and assortment of information as because of differing utilizations of PCs in all space regions. The development has been accomplished because of moderate accessibility of computer technology, storage, and network connectivity. The huge scope information, which additionally incorporates individual explicit private and sensitive information like sexual orientation, zip code, sickness, caste, shopping basket, religion and so on is being stored in public domain. The information holder can discharge this information to data to a third-party data analyst to increase further bits of knowledge and distinguish concealed examples which are helpful in settling on significant choices that may help in improving organizations, offer some incentive added administrations to clients, prediction, forecasting and recommendation. One of the prominent applications of data analytics is recommendation systems which are broadly utilized by web based business locales like Amazon, Flipkart for recommending items to clients dependent on their purchasing habits. Facebook suggests companions, spots to visit and even film recommendations dependent on our interests. However, discharging user activity data may lead inference assaults like recognizing sex dependent on user activity. We have contemplated various privacy safeguarding techniques which are being utilized to ensure against privacy threats. This paper gives an examination of each of these strategies. It likewise gives a statistical data to underline on security concerns.
So as to serve our potential readers with various degrees of need, we have organized the paper as follows. We examine the Definitions and Characteristics of Big Data in Section 2. The Privacy Threats in Big Data are introduced in Section 3. In Section 4, we have examined the different Privacy Preservation Methods. One can allude to the Analysis and Statistics in Section 5 and 6 individually. Finally, we outline the paper in Section 7.
2. Definition and Characteristics of Big Data:
Big Data is a field that treats ways to analyse, deliberately extricate data from, or in any case manage informational collections that are excessively huge or complex to be managed by traditional data-processing application software. Its difficulties incorporate capturing information, information stockpiling, information investigation, search, sharing, transfer, representation, querying, updating, data security and information source. Big data is related with five key ideas: volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value. At the point when we handle Big Data, we may not sample however essentially watch and track what occurs. Along these lines, Big Data frequently incorporates information with sizes that surpass the limit of conventional programming to process inside an adequate time and worth. Current use of the term Big Data will in general allude to the utilization of prescient examination, user behaviour analytics, or certain other propelled data analytics methods that extract an incentive from information, and sometimes to a specific size of data set.
Big Data can be depicted by the following attributes (Figure 1):
1. Volume- The quantity of generated and stored data. The size of the data determines the value and potential insight and whether it can be considered big data or not.
2. Variety- The type and nature of the information. This helps individuals who analyse it to viably utilize the subsequent understanding. Big Data draws from content, pictures, sound, video; furthermore, it finishes missing pieces through information combination.
3. Velocity- The speed at which the information is created and handled to fulfil the needs and difficulties that lie in the way of development and improvement. Big Data is regularly accessible progressively. Contrasted with small data, Big Data are delivered all the more persistently. Two sorts of velocity identified with Big Data are the recurrence of generation and the recurrence of handling, recording, and publishing.
4. Veracity- It is the all-inclusive definition for Big Data, which alludes to the information quality and the information esteem. The information nature of captured data can fluctuate incredibly, influencing the exact examination.
5. Value-The majority of Data having no Value is of nothing more than a bad memory to the organization, except if it is transformed into something helpful. Information in itself is of no utilization or significance yet it should be changed over into something important to extract Information. Consequently, one can express that Value is the most significant V among the 5V's.
Figure 1. 5 V’s of Big Data
Data Sets develop quickly, to a limited degree since they are progressively assembled by modest and various data detecting Internet of things gadgets, for example, cell phones, aerial (remote detecting), programming logs, cameras, amplifiers, radio-recurrence ID (RFID) readers and wireless sensor networks. The world's technological per-capita ability to store data has generally multiplied at regular intervals since the 1980s; starting at 2012, consistently 2.5 exabytes (2.5×260 bytes) of information are produced. In light of an IDC report forecast, the worldwide information volume will develop exponentially from 4.4 zettabytes to 44 zettabytes between 2013 and 2020. By 2025, IDC predicts there will be 163 zettabytes of information.
3. Privacy Threats in Big Data
Privacy is the ability of a person to figure out what information can be shared, and utilize access control. On the off chance that the information is in public domain, at that point it is a risk to individual privacy as the information is held by data holder. Subsequently there is a need to instruct the cell phone clients with respect to privacy and security threats. One of the most favourable components of Big Data to the advertising agencies and marketing associations is that they get a simple method to track you. Likewise, this furnishes them with much approved data in a more affordable manner.
Through Big Data, administrations build up a profile of their buyers with much extraordinary and precise data. Making online activity a standard, they could pass judgment on personal likes and interests, for example, contribution in governmental issues, travelling preferences, social propensities and different things of different individuals. This may assist them with increasing individual data about the people belonging to a particular nation as well. With regards to the privacy issues, the move from targeted to 'populational' monitoring is encouraged by the coming of interactive, networked forms of computerized correspondence that create effectively collectible and storable meta-data. Nonetheless, the logic is self-stimulating and recursive: when the change to an inductive, information driven type of monitoring happens, the incentive exists to build up the technology to gather increasingly more data and to 'cover' however much of regular day to day existence as could reasonably be expected. Privacy insightful we likewise note that the complexity of information forms and the intensity of modern analytics radically limit the consciousness of people, their capacity to assess the different outcomes of their decisions, and the outflow of a genuine free and informed assent.
However, most associations guarantee their conduct as a stage to improve the client's online experience. In spite of the fact that it's very evident that such tracking could be utilized in a negative manner. For example, this could lead the insurance agencies to scrutinize the clients about inclusion dependent on these big data profiles. However, this practice is as of now been begun. Yet, this issue would never be tackled by limiting big data collection. At this period of Big Data and technological progression one can't deny the reality whether it appears to be helpful or not. Therefore, the real and valid methods for Big Data storage ought to be created so as to ensure the security and privacy which could prompt a protected and gainful practice. For example, the identification of malicious activities through authentic big data collection could be made a lot simpler.
The disclosure of data gathered and the reason for which it would be utilized could wipe out numerous privacy issues. Therefore, big data handlers should open such data to explain big data protection and security challenges.
Notwithstanding, the most significant component for the clients is to know how the information is been gathered, who can get to it and how the access is taken. Likewise, for the associations it is important to clarify the security technique they use for keeping up the client's gathered information. Through this the ventures could guarantee their client's trust.
The most awful security challenges that Big Data has in stock:
1. Vulnerability to counterfeit data generation
To intentionally undermine the nature of your Big data analysis, cybercriminals can manipulate information and 'pour' it into your data lake. For example, if your manufacturing organization utilizes sensor information to recognize malfunctioning production processes, cybercriminals can infiltrate your framework and make your sensors show counterfeit outcomes, say, wrong temperatures. This way, you can neglect to see disturbing patterns and pass up on the chance to take care of issues before severe harm is caused. Such difficulties can be unravelled through applying fraud detection approach.
2. Potential nearness of untrusted mappers
When your Big Data is gathered, it experiences parallel processing. One of the techniques utilized here is MapReduce paradigm. At the point when the information is part into various masses, a mapper processes them and allocates to specific stockpiling alternatives. In the event that an outsider approaches your mappers' code, they can change the settings of the current mappers or include 'alien' ones. This way, data processing is viably destroyed: cybercriminals can make mappers produce lacking lists of key/value sets. The issue here is that getting such access may not be excessively troublesome since for the most part Big Data technologies don't give an extra security layer to ensure information.
3. Possibility of sensitive data mining
Perimeter-based security is ordinarily utilized for Big Data protection. It implies that all 'points of entry and exit' are made secure. But what IT specialists do inside your framework stays a secret. Such an absence of control inside y Big Data solution may degenerate IT specialists or evil business rivals mine unprotected information and sell it for their own advantage. In this way, the organization, in its turn, can cause immense losses, if such data is associated with new product/service launch, organization's monetary activities or user's personal data. Here, information can be better secured by including additional perimeters. Additionally, your framework's security could profit from anonymization. In the event that someone gets personal data of your clients with missing names, locations and phones, they can do practically no damage.
4. Data provenance troubles
Information provenance – or historical records about your data – entangles matters much more. Since its main responsibility is to document the source of information and all manipulations performed with it, we can just imagine what a tremendous collection of metadata that can be. Big Data isn't little in volume itself. Furthermore, picture that each data item it contains has point by point data about its root and the ways in which it was influenced (which is hard to get in any case. For the time being, data provenance is a wide Big Data concern. From security point of view, it is pivotal in light of the fact that.
Unapproved changes in metadata can lead you to an inappropriate data set, which will make it hard to discover required data. Untraceable information sources can be a colossal hindrance to finding the underlying foundations of security breaks and fake data generation cases.
5. High speed of NoSQL databases' advancement and absence of security center
This point may appear as a positive one, while it really is a serious concern. Presently NoSQL databases are a well-known trend in Big Data science. Furthermore, its popularity is actually what causes issues. In fact, NoSQL databases are constantly being honed with new features; however the security is being abused and left out of sight. It is universally trusted that the security of Big Data solutions will be provided externally. But instead regularly it is overlooked even on that level.
6. Absent security reviews
Big Data security reviews assist organizations with picking up familiarity with their security gaps. Also, despite the fact that it is encouraged to perform them all the time, this proposal is seldom met in all reality. Working with Big Data has enough challenges and concerns for what it's worth, and a review would just add to the list. Additionally, the absence of time, resources, qualified staff or clearness in business-side security necessities makes such reviews considerably unreasonable.
4. Aspects of Privacy Preserving Classification Methods
There are numerous strategies for privacy security of data mining; our privacy protecting classification techniques are dependent on the following aspects, for example, data distribution, data distortion, data mining algorithms and privacy protection. Detailed explanation of which is provided below.
- Data distribution: Presently, a few algorithms execute privacy protection data mining on a centralized data, and some on distributed data. Distributed data comprise of vertically partitioned information. Diverse database records in various websites in horizontal partitioned data, and in vertically divided data every database record attribute values in various websites
- Data distortion: This strategy is to alter original data-base record prior to release, in order to accomplish privacy protection purpose. Data distortion techniques include perturbation, blocking, aggregation or merging, swapping and sampling. This technique is cultivated by the modification of an attribute value or granularity change of an attribute value.
- Data Mining Algorithms: An algorithm in data mining (or machine learning) is a collection of heuristics and calculations that makes a model from data. To make a model, the algorithm first analyses the information you give, searching for explicit kinds of trends or patterns. The algorithm utilizes the results of this examination over numerous iterations to locate the ideal parameters for making the mining model. These parameters are then applied over the whole data set to draw out significant trends and detailed analysis.
- Privacy protection: So as to ensure security, there is a need to alter data cautiously for accomplishing a high data utility. Certain reasons for these are as follows. Modify data dependent on adaptive heuristics strategies, and just change selected values, but not all values, which make information loss of data is least. Encryption advancements, for example, secure multiparty calculation. In the event that each site knows just their input and output however nothing about others, the computations are protected. Data reconstruction technique can reproduce original data distribution from arbitrary data Aspects of Privacy Preserving classification strategies.
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An Analysis of America as a Modern Day Imperialistic Government
The United States of America started as a colony of the British Empire, one of the largest empires of its time, and rebelled against them in order to obtain independence. Because of America's roots in rebellion against an empire, the U.S. has always disliked the idea of imperialism (Hitchens). America's image of itself has never included imperialism, but the self image of a country is rarely an accurate reflection of the country itself. The U.S., despite most Americans disliking the concept of imperialism, has always been imperialistic to some degree, and is still imperialistic today. American imperialism has changed throughout history, but it has always been a part of the foreign policy of the U.S. to some degree.
Imperialism experienced varying degrees of significance in the U.S. throughout its history, with several notable peaks throughout the years. Early America was relatively non imperialistic, and the U.S. expanded primarily westward during this time to what it considered unclaimed land. When the U.S. developed a stronger military in the mid to late 19th century, it was able to take over European colonies in the Americas and Pacific, such as Puerto Rico and Cuba. These colonies, much like America during the Revolutionary War, were fighting for their independence from European powers such as Spain. However, when they won their wars with the help of the U.S., European imperialism was replaced with American imperialism. Some of the colonies that the U.S. gained during this time period, often called the Age of Imperialism, were allowed to become independent, like Cuba, while others, such as Puerto Rico, are still owned by the U.S. today (American). Today, the U.S. is just as imperialistic as it was during the Age of Imperialism, although imperialism has changed significantly since then.
America is considered to be the last "superpower" left in the world. This means that it has a very strong military and is expected in many ways to intervene in other countries, and often does so for its own benefit. The American military has bases in roughly two thirds of the nations in the world. This number is only rising as well, and the American military is almost exclusively used outside of the United States (Lucas). Although the U.S. may not own that much land in foreign areas, it still has a huge amount of influence in them. No longer is it required to take over an area and keep a strong military presence there in order to have control over it (Amer). The fact that the U.S. owns Puerto Rico could also be considered another way that America is still very imperialistic. In fact, American's relationship with Puerto Rico has a lot of similarities with the relationship between Britain and its colonies in America before the U.S. was a country. For example, Puerto Ricans have limited voting rights, much like the American colonists of the 17th and 18th century. Puerto Ricans cannot vote for the president, but are still affected by his decisions just like the rest of America. This is a very direct and obvious form of imperialism by the U.S., and, along with the other forms of American involvement in foreign affairs, shows the the U.S. is still a very imperialistic country.
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The Importance of American Imperialism
After the Spanish-American War in 1898, imperialism became a popular and important topic in America. American grew with the annexation of Hawaii, Commodore's victory in the Philippines and the US now possessing Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippine islands. However, controversies and conflicts arose on whether Americans should support imperialism.
Carl Schurz, the leader of the liberal reform wing of the Republican Party and one of the leading opponents of overseas American expansion, argued against imperialism. He believed it was wrong that the people thought they must establish rein over a country, like the Philippines, to make it successful by preparing them for self-government. "Self-government is learned only by exercising it upon one's own responsibility..." He used the United States as one example with their fight for freedom and then their stumbling beginning with the government. He continued to explain, with the Philippines, that America was not benefiting financially either. Profit from trading with the Philippines would be less than the cost of building and maintaining the island after conquering it. The excuse of a foot in these islands also did not strengthen the argument in Schurz's point of view. These coaling stations, docks for fleets, and facilities for the establishment of commercial housed and depots could be earned by granting the Filipinos independence and becoming allies. Giving up the island for selfgovernment would save and preserve America's honor, self-respect, interests, and democracy.
Other significant figures, like Mark Twain and Alfred T. Mahan also disagreed with imperialism. Mark Twain compared America's conquering of lands as the European game which was uncharacteristic and foreign to the traditional American game. He believed once we took the Philippines, the next step would be Cuba and then American would not be able to start. This choice would not benefit American or the conquered nation. Mahan did not believe unprepared America could not handle and control imperialism. He sided against creating the Panama Canal because he felt the U.S. did not have a strong enough navy nor willing to create a powerful navy. An object like the Panama Canal could only be controlled by a powerful sea force. American will lose all the benefit from creating this short-cut passage between the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
However, people like Henry Cabot lodge, Republican senator from Massachusetts, supported American imperialism. He believed America's duty was to stop the fighting, restore the peace, and end the chaos. To do this, they needed to reestablish an experienced and knowledgeable government. After the natives calms down and the nations ran smoothly, the US would give the country self-government and then independence, allowing the people, trained by Americans, to rule. The Philippines would also be a great place for natural resources and for market training, once the islands developed commercially and economically. Overall, it was America's right, honor, and responsibility, by fate, to govern the Philippines. "I would have it fulfilled what I think it its manifest destiny if it is not false to the laws which govern it."
I agree with Carl Schurz as regards to the welfare of America. I also agree with America trying to help the Philippines, but not to force or suppress the natives under the Americana government. It damaged America's significant image and what it stood for. No trading or resource benefits could outweigh what the rest of the world though of America.
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Impact of COVID19 on Real Estate Market
The COVID19 outbreak had terrific repercussion on the real estate market in UK. This deadly virus is spreading and at fast rate across the globe and thus, effecting global economy including real estate sector. The UK real estate market has observed a massive dip in the business. It is tough time for everyone - Tenants, Landlords, Real estate agents, Brokers, Negotiators; all are facing challenges regarding rental properties and its maintenance.
Read all latest information and updates on Corona virus on this link: https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus and stay safe.
During such uncertain times, everyone needs to take some steps in order to retain clients and to contact potential buyers and sellers, who may transact as soon as the market becomes normal. Check out these guidelines or checklist for operating.
Guidance for Tenants
It is not compulsory to bought an existing lease to end due to the impact of COVID19. Entering into a new lease or ending a lease solely depends on the circumstances and terms of their lease or agreement. Tenants need to follow all practical steps while entering into new agreements or contracts. They need to check their real estate contracts carefully in order to understand the requirements of the business when they cannot operate from the property. Tenants need to include a clause related to unforeseen epidemic outbreak, for future. They need to make sure that they have taken insurance of their property to cover the loss of income. Apart from insurance, they need to keep a check on safety and security of the property too.
This is the best time for tenants to review all requirements and obligations mentioned in the lease, which are operating on similar lines from long years. They can also include conditions for provisional adjustments in the rent. Most of the leases contain clause related to withholding or suspending the rent. Many leases contains the clause which entitles the tenant to stop making rent payment in certain circumstances. This happens rare and that too strictly depends on the restrictive situation such as destruction of the property. In such a case, parties must communicate with each other, wherein the lessee gets permission for such suspension of rent from the lessor. Further, it is on the discretion of the landlord can either waive off the rent or can allow partial rent to be paid in such outbreak situation.
Tenants can opt for some adjustments or amendments to be made in the rent payable under the lease. These adjustments can be from switching to monthly payments to quarterly payments of rent. They can go for rent free period as well for next three months or so.
Guidance for Landlords
Landlords also need to understand their lease obligations and requirements. Mostly, many leases contain force majeure clause, wherein the parties to the lease are provided with some relief when they are unable to perform their duties due to certain events such as acts of God, strikes, Government directions or pandemic outbreaks. They need to review the force majeure clause to check whether it include COVID19 prospects or not. Whether it provides for any rent leverage or other sums due under the lease. As every lease is different, therefore, it is important to confirm the provisions of the lease.
Landlords need to consider all practical issues related to COVID19 before evicting any tenant or forfeiting leases. If a tenant is not in a position to pay the rent at the moment, landlords should work together with the tenants to find out the solution through negotiations. They need to cooperate and make a plan regarding repayment plan to make up any arrears, payment of utilities, taxes and insurance.
They are required to make any repairs on the rental property subject to the extent of damage made to the property. Sometimes, the landlord or the tenant may have right to terminate the lease as well when the damage is extensive or when the situation demands so. However, there is always an option to negotiate the rent during the pandemic period.
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Best Practices Paper: Compass Real Estate
Executive Summary:
Compass Real Estate was founded in 2012 by a group of former executives with experience at Facebook, Google, Twitter, Microsoft, and Spotify. Their mission statement is simple, it is “to help everyone find their place in the world.” This focus on providing this important service to clients is at the core of everything they do. Compass has an interesting dynamic, in that it is part real estate brokerage with offices all over the country and part technology company. According to their website, “Compass is building the first modern real estate platform, pairing the industry’s top talent with technology to make the search and sell experience intelligent and seamless.”
In just 6 years, Compass has expanded to 23 markets across the US and is looking to now expand globally. The company is rapidly growing in size and has a unique set of human capital issues ahead of them. With their expanding markets, the employees must learn to adapt to different communication and culture standards. And with their constant development of new technologies; training, recruiting, and motivation practices will need to be analyzed and adjusted to accommodate their fast-growing company. The employees are largely of the millennial generation, which also presents a new mindset for how to compensate and motivate their employees.
1. How should the company prepare for the increasingly global world in which it operates? And/or how should the company prepare for an increasingly diverse work force and /or client group? What would best practices be?
Real estate practices depend greatly on the local city and state laws in which they operate. Illinois real estate laws can vary greatly from the practices in any other state including how a license is acquired and what is legal and not legal in a real estate transaction. Compass’s corporate headquarters and regional offices have 100’s of employees supporting the over 7000 agents within their brokerage that cover 23 major metropolitan markets in the US. With that many people within one organization, a solid stream of communication is imperative to keep everyone up to date with company changes and policies.
In late September, Compass announced an additional $400M in funding acquired, valuing the company at over $4 billion. Compass announced that with this additional funding they would plan to expand their agent base internationally. Dr. Margot Weinstein of the MW Leadership Consultants LLC and Metropolitan Real Estate Group Inc. gives several tips in how to best achieve a global real estate business. She emphasizes that despite your business operating in a local market, global economic changes can greatly impact your profitability and market trends. As Compass expands its reach it would be best practice to be sure they have a firm grasp of the culture in which they are expanding to, including communication and language standards and licensing and local real estate laws. As the corporate headquarters for Compass is in New York City, having solid communication policies with their global offices is imperative so nothing will get lost in translation.
As the business expands, diversity training among Compass’s employees would be an excellent way to help spread cultural awareness and appreciation for the local culture in which they are expanding. As Compass is a tech-centric company and customer service focused, it would be fitting to conduct diversity training electronically using simulated scenarios with role playing activities. With over 7000 agents to support, the staff will need to be able to effectively communicate, train, and administratively support their ever expanding and diverse agent base.
2. What legal and ethical issues will the company face, given the nature of its operations?
The nature of real estate is entirely through the legal practices allowed by the state in which you are operating. Almost every aspect of a real estate practice is covered by a state or local law, which can lead to a variety of legal issues if not followed properly. Licensing laws are likely the most obvious areas in which a brokerage or agent could encounter a legal or ethical issue. For example, every branch of a brokerage is required by the Illinois Real Estate License Act of 2000 to have their own license for that office and that “the branch office license shall be displayed conspicuously in each branch office. The name of each branch office shall be the same as that of the sponsoring broker's principal office or shall clearly delineate the branch office's relationship with the principal office.”
As determined by this Act, there is a laundry list of activities and tasks that an un-licensed assistant or employee at Compass cannot legally participate in. This could present some potentially ethical situations, specifically amongst the transaction departments. Real estate requires a lot of paperwork, and for an agent to legally list a new property a variety of contracts and disclosures are needed. For a contract to be legal, the client must personally sign and acknowledge all sections required. It is illegal for an agent to sign any paperwork on behalf of their client unless they have a legal right of attorney to do so. With the nature of these sometimes complicated transactions, some employees may find it “easier” or “faster” to complete paperwork themselves in order to not slow down the transaction process.
There are also strict regulations for every brokerage on how to handle escrow monies. This includes recording every dollar amount that comes in and out of the escrow account and having records dating back for at least 7 operating years. There are several legal policies safeguarding the use of this money in order to prevent commingling, which is defined as “Illegally mixing personal funds with money held in trust on behalf of a client.”
3. What are the most likely uses of job analyses in the company and how should it conduct the process? What would best practices be?
Since Compass is a rapidly growing company, job analysis is imperative in order to grow and expand their staff both at the headquarters, and at the regional offices. The job analyses should line up with their overall business strategies of expanding their reach to more and more real estate markets in the US and globally. Many of the positions at Compass are new or created specifically out of a need given by the agents, so a job analysis will also help analyze its current staff and can help adjust the job descriptions to more accurately define the work and improve the hiring process to fit the company’s current needs.
Because the majority of the company’s positions are directly related to supporting the agents, including the marketing, transactions, and agent operations staff, it would be best to conduct interviews or send out questionnaires to the real estate agents themselves. It would be insightful to get their opinions on what they feel are the important qualities and skills for this job to in order to best support them. Also, since their main concern is agent operations and customer service, it may be helpful to do some observation of the employees in order to see for yourself what type of problems they might encounter throughout a typical day, how often they communicate directly with the agents, and how important it might be to multi-task.
4. Select a position within the company and recommend what should be done to recruit and select employees for this position. What would best practices be?
One very important position within Compass is its Agent Operations Associates. These employees are tasked with training, advising, on-boarding, and supporting the real estate agents in their region. It is not required for this position to have a real estate license, as they do not deal directly with any client data or transaction related information. Since this role’s tasks are almost entire customer service based, the recruiting and selection processes should focus on the skills and traits best suited for working with a wide variety of people. For best practice, personality testing should be included as part of the selection process. Some research concludes that a person’s traits and personality, which are long term and not trainable, are at the core of customer service competencies, as supported by this graph by Spencer & Spencer (1993).
And because customer service-based positions rely heavily on traits, behaviors, and attitudes; situational and behavioral questions are best when conducting in-person interviews. These questions can help gauge someone’s behavioral tendencies when solving problems, dealing with difficult personalities, and communication skills.
5. What should the company’s overall approach be to training and development and what major programs should be delivered? What would best practices be?
Compass is not only a brokerage, but also a technology company. Part of Compass’s mission is to create a modern, high-tech way to navigate the real estate experience both on the client side and agent side. This technology includes all aspects of how to handle paperwork, create marketing materials, send out email, communicate with clients, and all other agent-related business tasks. Because of the nature of this type of company, constant training and development on this new technology for the employees is imperative to achieve this mission. Everyone from the transaction team, marketing department, and agent operations department needs to have a good grasp of the company technology in order to be successful in their positions.
Because training is so important to this company, it would be best practice to provide access to training materials and information at all times. A company portal containing step by step instructions, training videos, and other important information should be available. Having scheduled trainings that can be attended in person or via a video conference would be helpful on a continual basis, so that everyone has the opportunity to learn at any time. Having designated “Product Experts” would also encourage the learning and development of all the employees by providing a personal training resource that can answer questions live and in real-time.
6. What should the company do to manage performance? What would best practices be?
Many of Compass’s positions are high in customer service and require a lot of interpersonal skills. Regular performance appraisals would be ideal for all positions, especially for those with the highest level of risk like those in the legal and transactions departments. Much of the measurable performance is highly dependent on the ability to assist others and be compliant with real estate policies and laws. To measure this performance, a 360 degree feedback questionnaire may be helpful. With this method, you can obtain information on how well the employee communicated with the other departments and how well they assisted the agents they were tasked with supporting.
For those employees in the technology development department, an electronic method of measuring performance may work best as their work is based around their outputs. This could include analyzing their progress over time, as it pertains to a certain technology initiative they are trying to create or maintain. Their individual performance should be measured against the overall productivity timelines determined for each project they are working on.
7. What should the company do to determine compensation policy and practices? What would best practices be? 8. What kinds of benefits should be provided? What would best practices be?
Since the majority of Compass’s employees are measured on their performance and not their physical outputs, it may be best to determine appropriate compensation by benchmarking, and comparing Compass with other similar companies within the real estate industry. But compensation should not just include a steady paycheck. According to several research studies done by Time Magazine, Gallup, and LinkedIn, the millennial generation is not just looking for a steady paycheck, but also added benefits like a flexible work schedule, opportunities for professional development, and an emphasis on work-life balance. Such benefits might include free training and development opportunities through partnerships with leadership conferences and local consultancy companies. A flexible work schedule can be offered through a job-share program, or the option to work remotely a few days out of the week.
8. What kinds of practices/programs should be developed to foster positive employee and/or labor relations? What would best practices be?
The agents of Compass are the core of the company’s business. Fostering positive relationships with the agents is important to their business and should be a focus of their employee engagement efforts. Because of the technology focus of Compass and the constant release of new programs and features it may be a good idea to introduce a competition amongst the agents to encourage use of the technology products and foster some communication and friendly interaction between agents who may not otherwise interact. In an article written in Harvard Business Review, in order for a competition to foster innovation the competition needs to focus on the value of the results and not just the results themselves. If agents are competing on who can use the Compass products and tools the most, or who is the most improved, it means they will be actively using the Compass products and thus being able to provide valuable feedback to the software team on what they think may be changed or improved upon. An open platform for communication of this feedback and suggestions should be provided as well.
Company branding is also important for positive employee satisfaction and motivation. Creating a consistent company culture and brand that echoes in all that they accomplish fosters a strong sense of community and organizational identity. In this chart from HBR, you can see that organizational identity and community is among the top four sources of employee motivation.
Because Compass has offices all over the US, a consistent identity is important to keeping a sense of employee pride in being a part of a company. And each Compass region should celebrate their local community by promoting a company-wide volunteer project, hosting all-region happy hours and events, celebrating office birthdays, and agent accomplishments.
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Industry Analysis of Real Estate Sector in Developed
Real estate sector estimated to be an emerging trend globally with substantial growth and capital stability which allow investors to decide their investment which gives higher potential return with support of established business models. Global economies like New York, Hong Kong and UK are the countries recovered from the global economic crisis and estimated to be outperform in the market nowadays. According to the statistical survey conducted in 2016 shows that 37 percent of home sold in USA were repurchased and allocated to investment basis. Owing to this factor, the interest rate and inflation depict an upside movement in 2017.
Due to the increment in population growth and the emerging trend in the household sectors, both developed and emerging market is forecasting a positive outflow for investment in real estate. In the real estate sector, commercial real estate category contributes towards better sectorial growth. In addition to this, new government interventions and reforms are opened for the availability of increasing housing spaces. The potential Investors who wish to diversify their portfolio within Real estate, can opt for Commercial real estate.
According to RCA statistics, Asian market such as Hong Kong and Singapore shows an increasing percent of 7 in the commercial real estate segment in 2017 due to the advancement of business model and different asset classes with higher growth dividend. European economies like Germany, Berlin etc. experienced growth and this trend will improve over the next ten years. Thus, the industry is becoming more transparent because investors prefer to Invest in the high-quality asset by expecting more return.
In the investors perspective, high portfolio allocation such as pension funds and sovereign bonds is enhancing tactical shift to real estate sector. This change is due to the search of high target return with minimal risk and better yield to mollify their liabilities arising from default events.
The midyear survey conducted in USA shows that, of the total 100 percent,60 stated that the introduction of new taxation will not affect the real estate segment negatively and the reform will give rise to investors demand and 24.7 percent depicts, the new tax law will benefit the space demand in the emerging market.
Industry Analysis for Education sector in Developed, EU and emerging market
One of the transpire trend in global scenario is the emergence of impact investment funds which focus on financial return on one side and creating a positive outlook towards environmental and social changes. In the global economy, Impact investment in education sector have a fledgling effect compared to other growing sectors. According to the report given by global impact investing network shows that 5 percent of assets in the impact funds are reserved for the education sector which is very low proportion but there exists a positive outlook in the mindset of investors towards the education sector. The survey conducted by GIIN shows that of the total 100 percent, 36 percent are projecting to allocate more weightage to the education sector.
In Asian market, Indian Economy proves to be a growing profitable sector for investing in educational sector. It is noticeable that investment in this area visualised a tremendous increment due to the population growth and the enough buying power of the public. For instance, India represent the smallest country in terms of population statistics and there is 140 million considered to be aged children in school. In the perspective of US economy, the education industry is growing 5 percent annually. The industry is providing quality products to stimulate demand among the students and the skilled people. Technological advancement paves a greater change in the educational sector by the introduction of corporate online programmes and training. Since 2007, in USA nearly 9.8 billion were allocated towards educational industry.
According to European region investment funding statistics, 2.26 percent represent the contribution for educational frame work. German government focuses on internationalizing policy for the educational industry is a positive approach thus it has a great impact on economic spill over. The government offers advanced opportunities to the international students like free tuition fees and scholarship which tends to provide international mobility to the students from different part of the world. Undoubtedly, among the European countries, Germany offers better investment opportunities in the educational sector.
Many researches pointed that investing in educational industry for the upcoming years provide high returns to the investors due to the equal opportunities offered by global economies and technological growth on the other end. The emerging markets like India and Brazil shows that, between the period 2012- 2022, the working age population tends to increase by 14 and 18 percent respectively. In contrast, European region shows a decreasing trend towards this. Statistical reports proved that, Indian market will be in the topmost position in terms of working age population in the demographic division.
In summing up, global corporations invest high proportion in the education sector compared to health industry. In this developing modern world, skilled people are migrating from developing countries to the US and European region in search of better opportunities. Thus, investment in education sector requires long time for the potential growth and return.
Industry Analysis of Energy sector in Developed and emerging markets
The outperforming demand for energy Sector is an increasing drift globally and the overall size of energy represents $ 7 trillion. Among the top twelve companies in the worldwide in terms of profitability, ten industries are showing their excellency in the energy industry and this sector produce high revenue growth comparing to other sectors. The forecast given by international energy agency shows that, the demand for the sector will reach the peak by 40 percent by 2035. The emerging markets like China and India contribute towards the sectorial growth by 2/3rd position.
To increase the demand for the sector, global economy should allocate $ 38 trillion towards entire energy production. Thus, it stimulates decent return over the next decades. For instance, between the period 2003 – 2014 Exxon Mobile has returned a percent of 140 compared to Dow Jones (40 percent). There is a co-existing relation between oil and gas industry and commodity sectors. When the demand for commodity sector decline, the oil and gas sector show a downswing trend and vice versa.
The improvement of technology and growth of economic have led to a lower price and optimal utilization of resources There is a higher demand for U.S energy product, especially renewable energy like natural gas. Due to uncertainty and evolving drift in the sector, the potential investors should analyse the industry outlook and evaluate production volume and prices to generate long term return.
In the Porter’s Five Forces Framework, there are five factors that have a great impact on the competition of industry. They are separately threat of entrants, threat of substitutes, power of suppliers, power of buyers and rivalry among industry’s firm. By analysing energy industry with this model, the probability and potential future development can be explained more specifically.
Threat of substitutes Transportation biofuels, national petroleum. Power of suppliers Supply shortage led to dramatically increase of oil price in 1970s; oil suppliers has a great impact on market operation and stability.
Power of buyers In a powerful position to bargain prices, demand better quality and service rivalry among industry’s firm:
Slowdown in production
Goal beyond economic performance
Joint venture
The United States will become a large energy exporter and has an increase in energy production and consumption over the nest decades. Among these industries, the consumption of natural gas performed better and accounts for the largest proportion in consumption market of energy.
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What does it Take to Become a Real Estate Agent?
Looking at Small Business Administration, the first thing I would do if I wanted to become a real estate is research the requirements. “To earn your real estate license in Texas, you must be 18 years of age, complete 180 hours of approved education, obtain a sponsoring broker, submit required fees and forms to Texas Real Estate Commission, submit to fingerprinting, and pass the state exam. While the process to become a real estate agent is similar in most states, each state has its unique steps that must be adhered to.
The seven steps to becoming a Texas real estate agent are as follows: Requirements to Obtain Your Texas Salesperson License. Must be at least 18 years of age, register for and complete 180 hours of required education. In order to apply for the Texas Real Estate License Exam, the state requires you to complete 180 hours of TREC-approved college-level real estate courses (Kapre.com).” In order to start selling houses these courses need to be taken and passed. Having a full-time job, I would have to find a school that would offer it in evening or weekends. “Submit forms and fees to Trec after completing the required 180 hours of licensing education, submit all education documents to TREC, including real estate school certificates (Kapre.com)”. This is to confirm that all the courses have been taken and the forms and fees have been processed correctly. “Schedule your license examination and fingerprinting.
After you receive your response letter from TREC approving you and directing you to the Candidate Information Brochure, you can schedule your exam with Pearson Vue. You will also receive direction on how to submit your fingerprints for review. You have one year from the date direction on how to submit your fingerprints for review(Kapre.com)”. There are many steps that have to be taken before you can become a real estate and these steps are an important process to confirm that you have passed. Once successful you are able to help clients purchase their dream homes.
It is important to have marketing strategies, “Set yourself up for social, make sure you have social media accounts on all the big networks (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, Google+, and even Instagram if you snap along of house pics). Interact with users, share good press, and promote your properties (wordstream)”. Having social media creates for you to meet new and old friends, that might be interested in purchasing a home or give you referrals. This gives you the opportunity to build clients.
“Create Video Walkthroughs. While not as immersive as a Matterport 3D scan, video walkthroughs offer more insight into how a home is realistically represented. This doesn't have to be a professionally-shot video where you spend thousands of dollars. It could simply be something you shoot on a high-quality smartphone or even with your own drone. This strategy for marketing real estate will really give a better sense to the prospective buyer to allow them to understand what a space truly looks like in person. You could also splurge on a drone video by hiring someone or simply purchasing one and doing it yourself. This is a great way to save some money if you plan on doing a high volume of these videos (Forbes.com)”.
A creative way is using snapchat this feature allows you to show people homes that are selling. Buyers from out of state and others that might not have the opportunity to come by would be able to have a taste of what they might want now or in the future. You might have a buyer that wants to go look at the home to purchase. Having market analysis is as well an important part. “Market analysis refers to researching the dynamic of a particular market, including internal and external factors which can directly affect the market” (Frue). All clients are different on what they want for their home. This will help the realtor find what area and what type of home they would be interested to purchase. For example, two story home with five bedrooms or one.
The next article was about buying an existing business or franchise, I have a friend that is interested in franchising from chick-fil-A. She became a manager for them to learn the process and eventually own one. “The Chick-fil-A franchise opportunity represents an exceptional offering in the quick-serve restaurant industry. For an initial financial fee of $10,000 selected franchises (who we call Operator) are granted the rights necessary to operate a franchise Chick-fil-A Restaurant business.
The Chick-fil-A franchise opportunity requires that the individual be free of any business ventures and operate the restaurant on a full-time, hands-on basis. Chick-fil-A Operators must successfully complete an extensive, multi-week training program prior to taking over operation of a franchised Chick-fil-A business. With additional development courses and franchise support available, Chick-fil-A Operators are equipped to handle decisions and reap the rewards of a challenging business (Anon).” She is passion and dedicated on what she wants and she will be successful in opening one soon.
To become an entrepreneur takes time and dedication. When you determined to do something you will push thru and succeed. My goal is to support all entrepreneurs and purchase whatever I can from them.
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What is the Real Estate Industry
Often real estate agents are dealt with daily. When living in the small city of Brisbane, California, finding the right real estate agency was a chore within its self. When looking for a place to live or rent, do you seek a larger well-known agency or a smaller, up-and-coming agency or a mom and pop agency? One of the main points of this paper is analyzing the extent to which real estate agencies match characteristics of a perfectly competitive industry. Next, the pros and cons of the industry, which concerns the significance of using producer and consumer surplus concepts.
Countless papers will argue over which market structure real estate agencies fall under. Coiacetto (2006) argues, 'that it is not necessarily a competitive industry and, in some instances, can be highly oligopolistic.' This paper will not state which structure market real estate agencies fall under; only how agencies fall into a perfectly competitive industry.
What is the real estate industry
What is the real estate industry? It is the buying and selling of residential real estate, commercial real estate, and industrial real estate. Residential real estate has been on the rise for several years; in 2019, the median home price was roughly $315,000, as a gross residential real estate is valued over $27 trillion (DePersio, 2020). It will continue to push the residential real estate for years with the younger generation of Millennials seeking urbanization living or big city living.
Commercial real estate is the sector of real estate that is used for business purposes. The primary type of business in commercial real estate is shopping malls, office space, retail, and other business purposes. Even though there is a price fluctuating in global economics, investors are hesitant to continue investing or investing in commercial real estate. In 2018, the commercial real estate of around $16 trillion.
Industrial real estate is the real estate sector in which properties are used for factories, warehouses, and manufacturing. In 2019, industrial real estate closed out on a positive but will see a rise in rent in the next few years.
When looking for housing, some times tend to be better for buying over others. The housing market is like any other trend in the market for other goods and services. STEWART, J. (1972) stated that two ways could be looked at: the long periods of alternating advance and stagnation which identify economic development, and the shorter waves in business that are called 'industrial fluctuations' or 'business cycles.'
Real Estate Industry
GAO (2005, pg 8) says that the real estate industry does have competitive attributes. However, wit a large number of agencies competing for a listing, multiple factors can influence the degree of price: level of service, quality, and reputation than on the price. While looking at the market, over time, the brokerage fees have been seen to be lacking, and commission rates are staying the same.
The entry into the real estate industry is almost free (Goolsbee, 2005), costing the applicate a $100 and a class to get a license. With having thousands of agencies operating within the industry and monthly, thousands are receiving their brokerage licenses. The zero-profit predicts when the housing prices rise, so will the number of new agencies, causing it harder to obtain new clients. The products that are sold by real estate agencies are not uniformed in ways of terms of their location, features, building, and financing.
While new firms enter the market, prices may increase, the number of houses decreased. Nevertheless, it is not guaranteed the real estate agents will earn more money. In contrast, the prices of the agents' charge increase, but the number of houses the agent sells do not change. (Goolsbee, 2005) stated that a rise in housing prices in an area has no significant impact on the brokers' average wage in that market. Having no barriers entry in a market means not having a substantial profit.
Perfect Competition
Perfect competition or pure competition market is considered to be theoretical because it does not exist in the world. For economic sake, it would mean 'ideal type' because the markets can be compared and contrasted. For a company or product to fall under this model, it must have several firms, comparable products, and easy exit and entry levels (McTaggart, 1992).
In graph 1, concerning real estate agencies, it is shown that it fits all three markets mentioned but is more influential in a perfectly competitive market. It is straightforward for agencies to enter into real estate with limited restraints.
Graph 1
In perfect competition, a firm only has one decision to make; the quantity output needed to maximize profit. Graph 2 illustrates real estate agency activities – concerning an increase in price. When the price is increased, the quantity also increases from Q1 to Q2. Thus, the estate agents will continue to make a healthy economic profit when the new price is above the SRATV. When the price of real estate products is not affected by the entry or exit, real estate agents will fall under the long-run- supply curve (shown in graph 2).
Graph 2
While the demand in the industry increases the equilibrium price, the firm earns an above-average economic profit, making the business look more attractive. As shown in graph 2, there is an increase in supply (S1 to S2) while establishing an equilibrium price E3. A way to stop new firms/real estate agencies from entering the market, all firms need to earn zero economic profit. (Layton, 2005). It needs to look at how prices increase, the demand decreases, which in turn increases the competition to gain more clients. Therefore, real estate agencies would need to make roughly the same amount in areas where prices have not amplified (Goolsbee, 2005).
Commodity Price Movements in Short-run and Long-run
It is expected for any industry, but especially for the real estate industry, commodity markets are conventional when the product is in demand. The product or products in which are driving the commodity prices have to be universal to all markets. (Thoma, 2008) stated that
what drives the price around can not be unique to a particular market (unless it can somehow bleed over into other markets.) While the movements have a familiar likeness in character but have individual differences between them. Like any other industry in the real estate industry, there is a short-run and long-run supply curve. Both the long and short-run play a significant roll in how the real estate industry has been performing.
(Significance of Short-Run and Long-Run Cost Curves in Economics, n.d.) stated a firm could vary its output by varying only the amount of variable factors, such as labour and raw material. Thus, fixed factors, such as managing personnel and factory buildings, can not be altered. To be able to increase production in the short-run, the firm must hire more employers or buy additional products in the real estate industry case (residential property, industrial property, and commercial property). In the graph below, there is a new short-run cost curve for every new change in operation. There is a clear indication of the product is rising and falling. The SAC is the correspondence to the different scale of operations, with the output of the average cost being the minimum, or also known as the optimum output.
When looking at the long-run, the supply curve tends to be more elastic. This tends to happen because there is more time to be able to respond. In industries such as agricultural goods,
the higher the demand makes it easier to expand the product by bringing new land into production and growing existing firms. Only the long-run can be altered. It is shown in the graph below that the long-run average cost curve is tangent with the SAC, making the LAC a 'U' shape. The long-run curve is less pronounced and flatter, causing the curve to have the nickname 'envelop.' The reason that the LAC is flatter is that there is that the fixed cost can be varied and is going to cost lower than SAC.
Competition and Welfare Implications
There are five types of economic efficiency: Allocative, Productive, Dynamic, Social, and X-efficiency. The two that are going to be talked about in this paper are allocative and productive.
Allocative efficiency is the amount consumers' are willing to pay in concerning the cost of goods and services. The price should equal the marginal cost of production; hence, the optimal outcome will be achieved when the marginal cost (MC) equals the marginal benefit (MB). Therefore, allocative efficiency deals with making mutually beneficial trades (Lee, 2005). Allocative efficiency is found in perfect competition. Firms in perfect competition do not have enough market power to raise prices.
Productive efficiency works with technological efficiency, with optimal combination inputs producing maximum outputs at minimum costs (Lee, 2005). In this economy, no firm can produce more than one product or service without reducing the production of another; however, if there is a lack of competition of produces slacking and inadequate production, society will incur welfare losses (Walker, 2006).
Consumer welfare is when both the productive and allocative efficiencies are established within competing industries. When the surplus matches the paid price of a product and the inclination to pay the amount, it bridges consumer welfare and consumer surplus. Consumer surplus reaches maximum peek as consumer welfare is enhanced (The Skeptical Regulator, 2003).
It is vital to create equilibrium for all producers when the product's market price equates to the marginal cost of the product. As explained in allocative efficiency, When the market price is notably higher than the marginal cost for the seller, producing extra units is another way for profits to stay in a positive margin of sale. Lastly, when firms make healthy economic profits under perfect competition with free entry and exit, it conveys how the market price must equal the average cost of all firms and marginal costs (Walker, 2006).
Perfect competition is considered the ideal state; thus, all firms that make zero economic profit will remain in business. Therefore the assumption is that firms with similar resources can make an economic profit through 'anti-competitive' behavior. For example, advertising harms the consumer's choice in an attempt to weigh the difference between products. Products and services that provide additional information that weighed against the gain to the consumers' decisions for a better choice (McTaggart, 1992, 320).
Conclusion
It is evident that real estate agencies are very similar to a perfectly competitive market from the comparisons of perfect competition and real estate agencies. What separates the characteristic of the two is the diversity of products produced by real estate agencies. Therefore, real estate agencies fall into the constant-cost industry or perfect competition, with the lack of constraint of entry and exit, which does not affect the products' price.
Similarly, welfare implications also fall under perfect competition - when sellers increase output to maximize profits, consumers are willing to pay. Furthermore, in perfect competition, it indicates that the marginal cost must equal market price and average cost.
Reference List
Coiacetto, E. 2006. Real estate development industry structure: Is it competitive and why?. Griffith University, 10: 7-23. http://www.griffith.edu.au/centre/urp/urp_publications/research_papers/URP_RP10_COIACETTO_RealEstate.pdf (accessed June 1, 2020)
DePersio, G. (2020, March 15). What Are the Main Segments of the Real Estate Sector? Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/052715/what-are-main-segments-real-estate-sector.asp
Economics Discussion. n.d. Significance Of Short-Run And Long-Run Cost Curves In Economics. [online] Available at: [Accessed 13 June 2020].
GAO. 2005. Real Estate Brokerage: Factors That May Affect Price Competition. U.S Government Accountability Office, 05947: 8 9 http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05947.pdf (accessed June 1, 2020)
Goolsbee, A. 2005. Bubble-lusions: Why Most Real Estate Agents aren't Getting Rich. Slate Magazine. http://www.slate.com/id/2124506/?nav=navoa (accessed June 7, 2020)
Layton A., T. Robinson, and I. B. Tucker. 2005. Economics for Today. 2nd ed. Victoria: Thompson. 175-222
Lee A. Y. and D. J. Brown. 2005. Competition, Consumer Welfare, and the Social Cost of Monopoly. Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics as Yale University, 1528: 5-6. http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cd/d15a/d1528.pdf (accessed June 7, 2020)
McTaggart, D., C. Findlay, and M. Parkin. 1992. Economics. Sydney: Addison-Wesley. 279-311.
ReviewEcon.com. 2020. Keys To Understanding Perfectly Competitive Markets - Reviewecon.Com. [online] Available at: [Accessed 12 June 2020].
The Skeptical Regulator. 2003. Consumer Welfare, Competition & Market Processes*
The Progress and Freedom Foundation,1.3: 2-3. http://www.pff.org/irle/skepticalregulator/skepticalregulator1.3.pdf (accessed June 3, 2020)
Thoma, M., 2008. Commodity Price Movements In The Short Run And Long Run. [online] Seeking Alpha. Available at: [Accessed June 12 , 2020].
STEWART, J. (1972). Economics of real property. In Real Estate Appraisal in a Nutshell (pp. 175-208). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctvcj2jgv.20
Walker, M. 2006. Economic Foundations of Competition Law. Asian Development Bank, 1-4. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Others/OGC-Toolkits/Competition-Law/documents/chap1.pdf (accessed June 3, 2020)
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Outsource Virtual Staging Services Estate
Do you know imagination and creativity can change the world and so as your real estate business. Entering into the client’s imagination is not an easy task. But SMT Outsourcing makes it easy for you. Just not to lose your deal only because, the client is unsure of the looks-and-feels of the interiors once furnished. SMT Outsourcing is a leading virtual staging service provider and has the requisite infrastructure, talented expertise, and resources to meet any virtual staging requirements. Buyer’s behavior mostly depends on what they see and perceive and when it comes to real estate a picture speaks thousand words in buyers mind. SMT provides realistic and virtual staging services that go hand in hand with buyer’s imagination. Presenting the best staged virtual services to your clients is what we the SMT Outsourcing works day and night. The foremost objective of SMT Outsourcing is to work to attract more and more buyers for our clients by giving the best virtual staging services. Working on your imagination and giving the amazing touch of our unique designs SMT fulfills your desires of a perfect staged homes and rooms.
BENEFITS OF VIRTUAL SATGES REAL ESTATE SERVICES
INCREASE IN NUMBER OF HOME SALES
Mostly property buyers are attracted to real estate photos with well-furnished interiors rather than photos of vacant houses. Images with great stuffs like couches, comfortable sofas, show pieces giving a way better look as compared to vacant rooms. Instantly increasing the number of sales is not easy in real estate unless and until image maintain its magic. SMT works with amazing graphic designers and professional home stagers who will play the major part in increasing your sales at its best.
A PRIVIEW OF THEIR ROOM
Over 81% of the buyers find it easier to the visualize the property as their future homes when it’s staged. Giving the actual preview of your property and the well furnished interiors makes the buyers go eager for the amazing looks. SMT gives the realistic preview of your rooms in well furnished manner. Just an attempt to make the buyer imagine what their life could look like in their new home. Buyers use to connect emotionally with homes when you actually present them in the most creative way. Lets do this creativity for you to increase your profit in the real estate business.
SAVES YOUR MONEY
Usually staging cost you huge amount to make a vacant room look lavish, but when it comes to make your room look digitally lavish, virtual staging works the best. So that you can get your instant buyers. SMT Outsourcing works with experienced experts and professional home stagers to work effectively and efficiently for your sake. SMT provides you the pocket friendly offers in which you can grab more in your less of the spending.
REDECORATE THE SPACE
A whole lot of stuffed place doesn’t give the pleasurable vibes. A well decorated area is what make a house a home. SMT virtual staging removes the unwanted stuffs and redesign the interior image to fit your preference as well as for your clients. “Creativity is the essence of beauty”, SMT creates that beauty in your property images so that you can attract your instant buyers. SMT works on your imagination and creating best out of our unique designs just to flourish your real estate business at its best. Working with experienced graphic designers and professional home stagers and many creative hands who work on field to give an amazing retouch to your real estate so that you earn grow on heights. Let’s make eye catchy images with SMT outsourcing virtual staging services.
WHY SMT OUTSOURCING FOR VIRTUAL STAGING SERVICES?
ZERO COMPROMISES WITH QUALITY
SMT Outsourcing does not deal with any option called compromise. Providing the best quality, realistic virtual staging images is the foremost objective of SMT Outsourcing. SMT maintains the quality of the images by minimizing your effort time and cost. Using the latest 3D visualization rendering technologies to give admirable looks to your rooms, so that you’ll be able to attract large number of interested customers for your property.
SELL REAL ESTATE FASTER
It is mostly seen that staged homes sell out faster than a vacant room. SMT Outsourcing will not let you suffer with the different time slots.
Work simple, swift and classy with SMT Outsourcing. Let’s make it easy to sell your property faster. Let’s work on getting quick responses from your instant buyers. If you want sell your home quickly and with confidence you have to be much informed and you should be aware about how to present your home in the market, so that you can reach your profit margins easily.
RENDERS LATEST 3D TECNOLOGY SERVICES
In real estate every line and angle matters SMT 3D technologies services plays the best role to render the realistic physical dimensions of a house. We work with our own catalog of decoration and virtual staging which makes the buyers go easy to choose from. Mostly buyers first prefer to view images on online platform so that they have different alternatives to choose from. To be on top of this competition you should be well versed with technologies SMT will make your work go smooth in this tech era. We work on every line and angle of the image so that you have your prefect views to show to your interested buyers.
VISUALISATION EFFECT
We all know eyes play the best role in judging the beauty, so as with the real estate. SMT works to give your clients the must have looks so that your presentation becomes eye catchy. Views provided by SMT Outsourcing makes your client analyze and feel the environment of the place. The well furnished view of the room gives an impact of positivity in the minds of buyers. Let the picture talk before you say anything.
UNIQUE DESIGNS
SMT Outsourcing let you choose the design according to your preference. You’ll be choosing the type of staging from our unique designs collection, and then we’ll be working according to your preferences. Let’s get started with SMT Outsourcing Virtual Staging Services
All you need to do is
1. Provide us with real estate images.
2. Provide us with furniture images, which we convert to 3D models.
3. Brief us about your furniture placement and visions.
Just follow this simple and easy steps to get your work done from SMT Outsourcing Virtual Staging Services.
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Laughter is the Music of the Soul
It may sound sugar coated, and incredibly lame but "Laughter is the music of the soul". This is true in so many ways, in the cartoons when the villain is cackling away, you can sense the evil just by his laugh. It is even true to a physical extent, some people believe that your soul is somewhere on the inside of you, and what better way to get inside than through your mouth as you laugh? Well maybe that one is a little bit far-fetched, but laughter no matter how you see it, is like a sign that good times are here.
On a typical Christmas holiday in the cartoons, as the camera slowly zooms into the house, all you can hear is laughing. Is that not a sign that families are sharing a good time? There is a bond that grows when you laugh with someone, you feel closer to them because you laughed at something together. Isn't that what life is all about? Getting in touch with yourself? Making others feel good? Being happy is a mistake many people make, only because most people are not. Laughter is a way that one can unlock an awkward moment, rekindle a relationship, and just generally make someone feel better. I know that when I am feeling a little bit down, all it takes is someone to make me chuckle. After that it's usually smiles and laughs for hours after that.
Personally I think its great that so many people would like to rekindle their soul, and get in touch with themselves again. But the funny part is, paying fifty dollars for a book about how to "find myself again" is not going to make me any happier. In fact I think I'd be pretty upset with myself if I did something like that. Yet these self-help books sell like hot cakes at "Chapters". People are desperate to find an easy way out of the stressful turn of events, that we call life. What these people really want is a break. These days people don't find time for the little things anymore. Laughing is something the average person must overlook in their busy schedule, but it shouldn't be. If something so minor can make someone feel so good, can we really afford to occupy our time doing things which make us the unhappy society we already are?
Just the other day I was reading through my "National Post" and stumbled upon a quiz. I noticed it was similar to a quiz I had done in a "teen-magazine" earlier, and noted that high stress rates were starting at earlier stages in life. I took the quiz in good humour, only to realize that I "...am able to cope adequately with the emotional charge of work...But should still find the time to relax a little bit more and take a critical look at my workload." For a kid who just recently started a job, it's a little bit scary to think of what life in the future may hold for me. So I hope that, so long as I remember to cherish the little things, laughing, smiles, and those cream poufs on my chocolate mousse, I won't burnout and go crazy in my thirties.
In general, I hope that everyone takes the time to not just laugh, but enjoy the little things in life. As cliche as the saying is "Enjoy the moment." Because in about a minute your cell phone will ring, you'll receive 3 faxes, 2 of your 3 pagers will go off, and your hectic schedule will not release you from its kung-fu grip until after 9 pm.
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“Step Brothers”Is a Show Filled with Laughter
Struggling to grow up is something that almost everyone can relate to. Whether people get kicked out at 18, or get to stick around their parents until their mid-20s, at some point, almost everybody goes out on their own point. For most, they leave home before the age of 27. However, that is not the case for the main characters of the movie “Step Brothers”.
“Step Brothers” is an extremely wild comedy, with a joke on every corner. It keeps the audience intrigued and laughing the entire time. Right off the bat, one can expect to hear laughter throughout the audience as Dale Doback reaches into what one can only assume is his dirty clothes hamper. He pulls out a pair of underwear and smells them to see if they’re clean enough. The plot follows Dale and Brennan, both about 40 years old and living with their single parents. That is until their parents get married, and they are forced to move in together. This automatically brings threatening tensions into the plot, and from there it only goes up.
The setting/props really shows you the house situation in a clear way. The little details like how Dale’s music has only one corner of the wall painted very badly painted. That just shows people how irresponsible and lazy he is. Even Brennan’s brother Derek has a leather jacket, perfect sideburns, and a Bluetooth earpiece, so you just know he’s a “douchebag”, as Brennan calls him. The score could not have been more perfect. When there’s an exciting moment, an upbeat “You Make My Dreams” by Hall and Oates could be playing, and when the characters are feeling confident, you have a strong hip-hop song playing in the background. The main song that anyone will remember from this movie is “Boats ‘N Hoes”, sung by the two main characters, which basically speaks for itself.
The other thing that this movie really got right was the cast. Will Ferrell plays an insecure man-child named Brennan, and he is the exact person I would picture when I think of a grown man that won’t grow up. John C. Reilly portrays his counterpart, Dale, who is extremely cocky, especially when it comes to Brennan. Their first dinner together ends in an ugly cry because Brennan can’t handle the jokes that Dale makes. These two are very childish, almost too childish for some. One article says “ It’s the kind of thing that might sound funny in a pitch meeting but, put into action, there’s not enough laugh-generating material here to fill a bad SNL skit.” (Berardinelli par.2). However, this plot would not work if anyone else were doing it. If you had two kids saying these provocative, crude lines, it would not have been accepted by society. Another article says “ if Step Brothers were played exactly the same, but with kids cast in the lead roles rather than two hairy olds, it’d scan as a psychologically astute horror movie” (Marchese, par.5). Ferrell and Reilly are the only people that can be so goofy in one film and still have their careers taken seriously.
Step Brothers is the most quotable movie I have ever seen. Just last week, I randomly shouted at my friend “I got a belly full of white dog crap, and now you lay THIS SHIT on me?!” The language in this film is extremely provocative, so I do not recommend it for young people. The characters can also be very inappropriate and sometimes offensive, but it was somewhat acceptable back then. If you don’t go see this movie, then you don’t like laughing until you can’t breathe. It is available with a subscription to Netflix.
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I have Never Laughed so Hard before
The Office is The Best Show out there, according to theodysseyonline.com. A show filled with laughter, office romance, and tons of awkward moments. It consists of day to day life of a typical “American” 9-5 workday. What makes this show so captivating is the lack of a laughing track which forces the audience to pay attention every detail of the show. It's filled with subtle jokes which can be easily overlooked. This is what makes the show so timeless.
The Office is a show that is a “mockumentary” on a group of typical office workers, where the workday consists of ego clashes, inappropriate behavior, and tedium, according to imdb.com. It takes you through the lives of all the characters throughout the show whether it's about a lonely, child-minded, offensive boss or the lives of a onscreen couple. There are thirteen reasons on why it claims that. One would be the character of Dwight K. Schrute…. He is notorious for his lack of social skills and common sense, his love for martial arts and the justice system, and his office rivalry with his co-worker, Jim Halpert.
One way the author persuades his readers is through the use of logic or in other words, Logos. The Author states “It has won over forty five awards for television programming, including an Emmy for outstanding comedy series in 2006.” Yes, getting an Emmy is great but wouldn't you rather get a dundee? Another fact that the author states is “It was one of NBC’s highest rated shows. Even when later seasons dropped in ratings, the show was still one of NBC's highest rated shows. In October 2011, it was reported that it cost $178,840 per 30 second commercial, the most for any NBC scripted series, according to theodysseyonline.com.
Pathos was greatly used in the authors article, “The Office is the best show out there”. The Author strives to say that its hilarious content is so astounding, that you could watch it again and again, and still cry from laughter! The love story between Jim and Pam was amazing! The story of how a receptionist’s engagement with another coworker broke, leading her to, I guess you can say, the man of her dreams...that's some serious love story sh***! Pam and Jim’s relationship undergoes trouble and heartbreak which draws viewers in because it shows that no relationship is perfect. Viewers tend to be attracted to shows in which they can relate to.
The article is written by Rebecca Matysek, a senior at Downers Grove South High school. As a student she does not have any qualifications that would make her a credible source. The author does not provide any counter arguments against her viewpoint. The article was based primarily on opinions over actual facts. The lack of qualifications and facts clearly states that the author wrote off a bias.
Although the author of the article is not the most credible source, she incorporated facts along with her opinions to support her argument. The Office is able to maintain a high rating years after its final airing because it appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos. The awkwardness and unconventional method of filming draws viewers in because they are able to relate to the everyday lives of these American workers. The article appeals to logos through the utilization of statistics to defend the high ratings of the show. Additionally the author appeals to pathos by mentioning Pam and Jim’s love story because no show is complete without a romantic element. Overall the author’s article was able to properly appeal to pathos and logos to defend her thesis but did not have the credibility.
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Fight Stress with Laughter
Child rearing is incredibly stressful. Adding school to a mother’s busy life increases stress levels immensely. So, why add school to an already stressful life? Moms want what is best for their children, thus maybe they return to school to better themselves and the lives of their children. When making the decision to return to school, mothers assume it will be a walk in the park, but it is tremendously stressful, to say the least. Student mothers must learn how to balance raising children along with the stress that comes with the rigors of school work. There are effective ways to ease the stress of motherhood and manage the stresses of college.
Managing the stress of motherhood can be difficult at times. Some steps on how to ease stress include: establishing a schedule; acknowledging feelings; and having fun. First, it is perfectly fine to establish a schedule to minimize the stress that comes in various forms. Organizing is key, so it would be wise to make a list of all coursework and their due dates and identify the most important item on the schedule. Not all the items will be marked off the list and that’s okay. Take time to breathe and then look back at the schedule and continue what needs to be done. Second, acknowledging the feelings. A mother will know how they feel by accepting the feeling. Breathe through it. Take time to de-stress and relax, whether that be on a lunch date or a day at the spa. Last, have more fun. When experiencing stress in school, look to friends for guidance on how to make it fun. It’s okay not to be serious at times. Jump on the trampoline with the children–laugh and play with them. Life is too short to be stressed. Children of student mothers will sense something is wrong when there is stress in the family, so take time to decompress and have fun with them.
Another source of stress for mothers in college is balancing work schedules, finances, and coursework along with the roles they play at home. With all different forms of stress, a student mother might wonder how they can manage between work, school, and motherhood. Mothers who work worry about whether their employers will accommodate their school schedules, and those who may not work know that they will not be able to meet their financial responsibilities, which is another source of stress. When considering children and all the financial responsibilities that come with raising them, moms tend to worry. Adding the financial burdens that come with school, student mothers know that financially their lives will only get harder. Learning to cope with financial problems will help stress levels dwindle. Mothers need to try and focus on making the most of their income by spending it wisely. Small steps are key, stick to a budget. Financial matters coupled with coursework in school will be difficult, especially with being a mother. Trying to find the time to do homework is hard. It is a balancing act because making time between coursework and children is tough. Knowing how to balance the stress of coursework will help manage the time a mother is in school.
It is also important to consider the symptoms that can occur due to stress. Having stress in a student mothers’ life can cause physical and emotional damage. When a mother starts to stress physically, she will start to perspire more than usual, experience headaches, and become more fatigued. Healthwise, mothers must manage stress levels for the sake of their children. Moms who stress emotionally might become hostile toward their loved ones. It is likely that she may feel helpless in a setting that only certain people can understand. However, when seeking advice or support from other moms, she will be able to manage the stresses of motherhood and school.
Behavioral stress can also have a damaging effect. Behavioral stress can include binge eating or loss of appetite, drug or alcohol abuse, and erratic sleep habits. A bad day at school or home may cause mothers to self-medicate with food, drugs or alcohol. According to Harvard Mental Health “The adrenal glands release another hormone called cortisol, and cortisol increases appetite and may also ramp up motivation in general, including the motivation to eat.” This is damaging physically and emotionally and may cause a mother to feel worse than she did before. Another behavioral habit is erratic sleeping. Erratic sleep habits occur when someone has difficulty falling asleep. Once asleep, their sleep may be interrupted throughout the night. Stress can do quite a bit of harm to one’s body unless a mother learns how to manage it.
There are several ways to manage and reverse the damage caused by stress. Mothers can manage stress by taking breaks and being examples for their children. If mothers continue to stress over their school and family life, then their children will start to pick up on the struggles that their mothers are facing. Stress is unhealthy, especially for children. Student mothers want to do what is best for their children, so its okay to take the necessary breaks when needed. Take time to laugh. Laughing is a highly effective way to diffuse stressful situations. Jennifer Welsh author of ‘Why Laughter May Be the Best Pain Medicine’ states that “Laughter with friends releases endorphins, the brain’s “feel-good” chemicals.” Once laughter is activated, the stress response starts to relieve. Another way to help manage stress is by finding a support group. Whether that be a family member, friend, or a full support group, a support group provides an opportunity for people to share personal experiences and feelings to help develop different coping strategies.
Mothering is incredibly stressful and over time student mothers have had to learn how to balance their time between school and family. By keeping an organized schedule, a mother will be able to manage their time as a student and mother. Even though motherhood and school can be stressful, make life fun and work around it.
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Why was Imperialism Effective?
The powerful philosophy of manifest destiny and America's relentless fighting capabilities popularized imperialism. Various foreign policy events that occurred in America were dealt with by simply conquering them. Imperialism can be defined as a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Many Americans truly believed that their country would aspire to one day rule the world. We may see this idea as a little ridiculous but nevertheless imperialism was the main option used by America for handling foreign policy during the late 1800's and early 1900's. Imperialism was an effective choice for dealing with foreign affairs which can be seen through the Spanish American War, the conquering of the Philippines, and Hawaii.
With an abundance of sugar it is no mystery that Cuba would have made a valuable resource to America. When the Cuban revolts occurred America had sought an opportunity to get involved and proclaim it's dislike for Spain. When the USS Maine was sent over and sunk America took the opportunity to blame Spain and illude the people that Spain was their enemy.
This public outrage led to a cry for imperialism and the Spanish American war begun. America was set on conquering Cuba and the many territories Spain possessed. When the war was over the Teller Amendment proclaimed to the world that when America had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give Cubans freedom. This spread of freedom was the the philosophy of manifest destiny which fueled the drive for American imperialism.
Seen as a stepping stone of imperialism leading to Asia, the Philippines, was a valuable location and contained many raw materials. Instead of seeking to add the Philippines as a state, America sought the conquest of the Philippines as an imperialist colony that they would rule either formally or informally. They oppressed the people which led to many revolts causing the Philippine American War. Battling the Philippines, the country could now have the right to exploit these natural resources and use it to gain profits. Although, after the war and many mass killings of the people, America allowed the Phillipines to have its independance. Their Imperial tactics however, carried on and led to the conquering of many more territories. Hawaii was a key territory affected by the reign of American imperialism. America had took over the land and overthrew the queen in order to mass produce resources such as sugar.
This destroyed the natives economy because resources had far less value after being largely produced. America was greatly benefited from the conquering of Hawaii and it ultimately provided us with an upper hand both economically and strategically for war and trade. This is a prime example of how imperialism has paid off for America throughout the late 1800s and early 1900s. Imperialism had allowed for America to expand and prosper.
Imperialism was a useful option of controlling foreign policy which we see in the Spanish American War, the conquering of the Philippines, and Hawaii. It gave America much of the territory we own today and gave us the valuable resources we needed through conquest. It spread America's culture and the philosophy of manifest destiny. Imperialism largely increased the country's power and spread freedom. Democracy was a form of government also spread throughout American imperialism. Imperialism was not very intricate and was a very effective tactic that allowed for the country to evolve.
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An Analysis of American Imperialism and the Open Door Policy
At the end of the Civil War, America was becoming increasingly outward looking as exports of both manufactured goods and agricultural goods shot up. Many Americans believed that United States had to expand or explore after the close of the western frontier. The U.S. was bursting with a new sense of power and nationalism, generated by the booming increase in population, wealth, and industrial production. Many Americans thought that overseas markets might provide a safety valve to relieve such pressures as: labor violence and agrarian unrest.
Other forces also stimulated overseas expansion. The Yellow Press of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst wetted the Americans taste for excitement aboard. Missionaries, inspired by books like the Reverend Josiah Strongs Our Country. Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, looked overseas for new fields to till. Americans wanted to spread their religion and their civilization to the backward peoples. At the same time aggressive Americans like Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were interpreting Darwinism to mean that the earth belonged to the strong and fit.
If America was to survive in the competition of modern nation-states, perhaps it too, would have to become an imperial power. The development of a new steel navy would eventually help America become an imperial power. Captain Alfred Thayer Mahans book, argued that the control of the sea was the key to world dominance, Americans joined in the demand for a mightier Navy and for an American built isthmian canal between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. (Panama Canal).
After looking back, the United States of America turned to a policy of imperialsm because of economic expansion at home, the amazing industrialization of America in the half century following the Civil War, the nations sudden emergence of being a world power, and national pride. Also, industrial output required more raw materials, especially from overseas markets. To meet these needs, America adopted a strategy of informal empire, shunning formal territorial possessions, with the exception of the Philippines, but seeking economic dominance over foreign markets, materials, and investment outlets.
While America was going through its imperialistic growth, exciting events had been taking place in China. After its defeat by Japan in 1894-1895, the imperialistic European powers of Russia and Germany moved in. They began to tear away valuable leaseholds and economic spheres of influence from the Manchu government.
A growing number of Americans viewed the dissection of China with alarm. Churches were worried about their missionary strongholds. Manufacturers and exporters feared that the Chinese markets would be monopolized by Europeans. An alarmed American public prodded by the Press and certain free trade Britons, demanded that Washington do something. Secretary of State John Hay finally decided on a dramatic move.
In the summer of 1899, Hay dispatched to all the great powers of the world a communication soon to be known as the Open Door Note. He urged all the powers to announce that in their leaseholds or spheres of influence they would respect certain Chinese rights and the ideal of fair competition. Hays proposal caused much squirming in the leading world capitals, but all the great powers eventually accepted. In 1900 Secretary Hay let another paper fly, this one anouncing that henceforth the Open Door would embrace the territorial integrity of China.
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Mistakes that Real Estate Agencies Make about Create Website
There are many mistakes that real estate agencies make about their website, but there are some that affect more than others. Let's analyse them to make sure that - if you're still on time - you don't make the same mistakes as your colleagues. However, even if the omelette is already made, you can always remedy it thanks to some tips that you will read in this article.
ERROR #1
Create the site according to your personal taste rather than for the usefulness of the customers who have to use it.
The risk of this attitude could be that, although the site is suited to the owner of the agency, this is of little use to potential customers, the people for whom the site should have been created.
Do you want an example? An animated introduction, with spinning logos, music and, above all, endless uploads. Do you think it is functional to the needs of those who are looking for a house and just want to see real estate ads?
ERROR #2
Writing advertisements with little care, with incisive texts and low quality images
What it means to have a 'first impression' right away?
At that moment, people judge your agency for what they see and, if what they see is an ad with poorly maintained texts and low-quality photos, imagine what the prospect's judgment will be. Most likely it will be a customer already lost at the start due to a bad presentation of your ad and, indirectly, a bad image of your agency.
That said, on real estate portals, there are limits regarding the length of the description and the number of photos. On your site these limits are not there, you can give more details both as regards the description of the property, and by inserting more photographs and other multimedia elements, such as a video, a floor plan, rather than a google map or a virtual tour. Why not take advantage of it?
ERROR #3
Rely on those who have not already created sites for real estate agencies.
The advantage of turning to those who are already aware of the needs and problems that a real estate agency must face on the web is quite evident. But it's not just this. Those who have solved the same problem several times are certainly more prepared and faster in finding the best solutions. In short, the specialist beats the generalist. It is a reasoning that we do automatically in everyday choices because 'specialist' is often synonymous with 'better' in solving a problem.
Why is it important for the web agency to specialize in the real estate sector?
The site of a real estate agency requires very specific technical specifications compared to the sites of other product categories. For many product categories, a product/service catalogue, a company presentation, contacts and so on are sufficient.
In short, if the web agency you are addressing is used to making sites with the classic sections: who we are, where we are and what we do, it will probably encounter various difficulties in creating the website for your real estate agency.
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Evaluate Ways to Profit from Real Estate Investments
“Real estate has produced more wealth than any other industry in the history of time” (Adams, 2017, para.1). What most people don’t realize is you do need to have significant capital, good credit, or even major assets to make money within real estate. My brother buys real estate all the time through sheriff sales and home auctions then turn them into beautiful spaces to rent them out. Throughout this paper we will be discussing more way to realize profits from real estate investments.
Most of us would think that if we purchased a piece of real estate, then all our troubles would disappear, but that is rather far from the truth. In fact, buying and investing in real estate can be a huge headache and cause financial loss if you really don’t know what your doing.
The first method is rental properties because everyone needs a roof over their head and a place to call home. “You need to do the proper amount of due diligence to source your property by keeping three principles in your mind: location, location, location” (Adams, 2017, para.14).
Rental property is always a good investment if the location of one’s property is in an area that is appealing to those who may be interested in renting that property and screening of that possible tenant to be a good fit. For example, screening/background checks would help in determining what someone’s credit looks like and if they are someone that pays their bills. Before renting by doing this it can save a lot of time and extra fees for a property owner in having to take someone to court for non-rental payments. This will help make your decision a lot easier in deciding on who your tenant will be. If buying a property with cash or get a low payment mortgage, then the rental will pay for itself in the long run.
Vacation rentals method can be an extremely profitable investment especially in a popular area with lots of tourists. The greater the need, the bigger the demand. With vacation rentals not only can you charge more than a normal rental, but during certain peeks of the season you can charge a little more because of the tourist that maybe visiting that area. When having vacation rentals, it’s very important to share resources with others through networking and connecting with others who may have already been successful in having vacation rentals.
The third method it through fixer uppers or home renovations. I am a huge HGTV fan and I watch a lot fixer upper show. In today’s housing market many people are doing this very thing all the time, buying houses very cheap and then flipping the house and placing it on the market for resale. When buying a property to flip and resale it can come with lots of issues that you may not be able to see on the exterior of the property. You may end up having to put more money out than you may wanted to put into the property just to bring it up to code, however there are profits to be made through doing this, but you must be careful because it may end up costing you more than you may have paid for the property in itself and if you don’t funds on hand to complete those renovations, then it could take one much longer to having the property finishes and placed on the market.
The forth method is with commercial real estate. Commercial real estate is a great investment and money maker. From small business owners to larger corporations, these companies need to have a place to operate out of so commercial real estate developers are always so focused on developing them and to adding value to be able to increase profits and income. Most commercial real estate is space that is being offered as working office space or can be used for other thing such as galleries for small shops.
The fifth method is called house hacking and personally, I never heard the term before until now. But when I think of this term I think of renting rooms and sharing certain living space to help off set the cost of housing expenses. Me personally I would never do this kind of thing with anyone I do not know, because you never know who you maybe inviting into your space and this can really turn out to more harmful than helpful.
The last and final method I will discuss is short sales. “A short sale is when a lender decides to sell a home for a discounted price to release an existing mortgage” (L'Eplattenier, 2017, para.54). One thing about short sales is that they can be very risky because there maybe some issues with the deed or title due to delinquencies on mortgage payment or even the taxes. What I do know is that most short sales are a fast way of getting rid of a property that maybe facing foreclosure. Some people may choose this route as a quick way to purchase a property, but I would never want to take this kind of risk not knowing what the real issues are with this kind of property.
Most short sales have to be paid upfront in a cash sale. It is said that you should go to an auction for a short sale, that way you can see the property you want to buy. A short sale is a long drawn out process, but the investment benefits can be worth the wait.
In conclusion, there are so many other ways to get involved in real estate. Some ways you won’t need a lot of money down, but others you will have to pay out cash to purchase. If you do extensive research before jumping in, owning real estate can be quite lucrative.
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Bringing about Change in Real Estate with Blockchain
The housing market crash due to increased foreclosure rates between 2007 and 2009 caused a number of problems, not only for the real estate industry for the global economy. The greed of big banks ultimately led to the loss of millions of dollars and even worse the livelihood of millions of Americans. Luckily following the crash, certain systems were put into place to make sure the market crash of the early 2000s never happens again. Nonetheless, the real estate industry still faces a slew of problems. Being primarily paper-based, the act of buying or renting a home has become a complex, convoluted and time-consuming process. For far too long, the real estate industry has relied upon outdated systems to conduct business.
At the moment, real estate suffers from three main problems, the lack of cheap funding options for prospective home buyers, an increase in intermediaries, and a high rate of fraud primarily fueled by an outdated paper-based system, as established earlier. Blockchain, a relatively new technology, has become widely recognized as a disrupting forced to industries that have primarily run on paper-based systems in the past. The banking, medical, pharmaceutical, shipping, technology, and many more industries have begun adopting blockchain technology in an effort to reserve a spot in the future business market. Real estate seems to be the next in line to be disrupted by blockchain technology.
What is blockchain?
Blockchain, originally popularized through the Satoshi Nakamoto whitepaper, Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System has more recently found more use beyond cryptocurrency technology. Using a digital distributed ledger, blockchain provides businesses with a platform to conduct more reliable, secure, transparent, and effective business practices. A blockchain is viewable by all networks connected to it. This does two things, one, it improves security by running the system through each node in the network, thereby eliminating the ever problematic single point of failure, and two, it improves transparency by providing each member of the chain with access to the exact same information. Information can be added to the chain, and old information altered only through a majority consensus or vote, of the entire chain.
Due to this, blockchain ledgers are considered immutable and trustworthy. By encoding information through cryptographic systems, blockchain is considered by many to be one of the most secure forms of data sharing and storage. The technology is already being developed to provide more efficient supply chain management and logistics, because of this it is being adopted in many industries, such as in banking, medical, education, shipping, and transport. The Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain will most likely shape the way business is conducted in the future.
Already multiple startups have begun implementing blockchain into current real estate systems, eventually, blockchain will have the ability to remedy all the problems real estate currently faces. The current problems in real estate Plagued by outdated systems, an improvement to the real estate sector is long overdue. Not only in the US but all throughout the world, real estate is facing three major problems.
All of these issues can be remedied with blockchain, and more minor problems can be addressed as well. Lack of affordable funding options Due to the rise in student debt and the housing market, it is expected that many millennials will be unable to afford a home. And it is not only due to their unhealthy avocado toast addiction but also due to the rising rates of rentals. According to CNBC, people aged between 18 and 34 give 30 percent of their paychecks to their landlord. The economy has changed drastically since the 70s and 80s, and now millennials, with their ridiculous spending habits and disregard of the future must shoulder the consequences. It seems the only solution to this problem is blockchain. Currently, Brickblock, a blockchain startup, is developing blockchain solutions to provide easier means of investing in a home.
Brickblock’s main functions come in two forms.
One is for potential investors, and the second is for companies to raise capital. Brickblock’s blockchain allows its users to raise capital and invest from anywhere in the world. It has been featured on a variety of media sources, such as Forbes and German media corporation Immobilien Zeitung. Real estate is one of the most profitable investment opportunities worldwide but is often time-consuming due to a large amount of paperwork involved. By placing both investment and capital raising opportunities on the blockchain, Brickblock is saving investors both time and money. It provides the tools for millennials to invest in a home, and a platform for companies to raise capital. An increase of intermediaries Investopedia estimates that nearly 80% of homebuyers use a real estate agent or broker. The standard commission for these services hovers around 6%, so in its simplest form, agent’s or brokerage’s fees for a $100,000 home would $6,000. This is a significant amount of money for just showing someone around a house. Unfortunately, at the moment, brokers and agents are a necessary requirement for the real estate industry. Blockchain, however, might just have what it takes to reinvent real estate.
There are a few blockchain startups developing blockchains to rid the market of intermediaries, Propy is one of them. Propy is basically a real estate search engine. It connects people looking to sell their homes and people looking to buy, by effect streamlining the purchase of new homes. It allows potential home buyers a search engine where they can apply a variety of filters to buy the home that is right for them. Propy is a worldwide blockchain with listings located in China, the US, the UK, India, and various other countries. Here, blockchain allows to secure the data storage and exchange on the platform. The Propy platform is currently complete, with new homes being added to their service on a regular basis. What about rentals? Rentals suffer from the same system the home market does. Real estate agents over profit through the selling of rental units.
Rentberry is a startup that is looking to disrupt that market. Rentberry uses a decentralized ledger to make finding and renting an apartment easier. It allows tenants to find apartments and even pay their rental fees online. Through the service, tenants can request maintenance, provide credit reports to landlords along with other features. Landlords can use the service to promote rentals they manage and to communicate with tenants in a secure and convenient manner. Without the need of a real estate agent, landlords can decrease the price for their rental units as they do not need to provide a fee to agents. Ultimately this benefits both buyer and seller, as buyers have access to cheaper units. Real estate suffers from a high rate of fraud Fraud runs rampant in the real estate sector, not necessarily in America, but mainly in areas such as Brazil, the Middle East, China, and other nations throughout the globe. In Brazil, huge amounts of rainforest are being taken over and chopped down illegally. This is mainly due to accessing this land through violence, bribery, or fraudulent documents.
Currently, the Republic of Georgia is toying with blockchain to provide more legitimate means of detecting fraud. The Republic of Georgia became the first national government to use blockchain technology to conduct land title registrations. The country relied on Bitfury’s blockchain platform to perform the first transaction of its kind. Eventually, the Republic of Georgia hopes to expand the service to include the purchase and sale of land titles, demolition of property, rentals, mortgages, notary services and the registration of new land titles. It is one of many countries now looking into blockchain technology to streamline government responsibilities related to real estate. Hopefully, this first step by Bitfury and the Republic of Georgia is one that Brazil can benefit from. The Republic of Georgia is setting the standard for land titles, eventually, maybe even Brazil will follow. So why isn’t the real estate industry improving yet? There are many reasons why the real estate industry has remained stagnant. For one, blockchain technology is still way too new. Not very many people know about it and therefore cannot benefit from it.
Secondly, think about how many intermediaries there are in the real estate sector. There hundreds of thousands of real estate agents and probably thousands of brokers. These people most likely would like to ensure the safety of their jobs, so why would they adopt the use of blockchain? Blockchain will not bring any significant changes to any markets anytime soon. That includes banking, pharmaceuticals and all the other industries that will eventually benefit from the technologies adoption.
So, in order for blockchain to begin bringing about the changes that so many people are hyped on, it needs to be adopted on a mass scale. This provides a variety of problems. One, blockchain is new and humanity is always hesitant to change. Two, blockchain is associated with cryptocurrencies, which have always had a bad rap, and three, the mass adoption of blockchain could eventually lead to the loss of many jobs. The entire real estate market could become a thing of the past if blockchain was adopted into it. Bring on blockchain At the moment only the largest companies are using blockchain technology. IBM has already dumped millions of dollars into the nascent technology, with most likely more millions to come. At the moment blockchain technology is most suitable for large corporations, which is why they are leading in the blockchain sector.
However, once these systems become more mainstream, eventually smaller businesses will be able to adapt their business to bring blockchain in. At that point, business will never be the same. Blockchain, IoT, AI, all of these new technologies are bringing about drastic change, not only to businesses but to our daily lives. These technologies now a thing of the future, will eventually be a thing of the past. However, it will be a long time before we reach that point. In the meantime, blockchain remains to be more hype than anything. Until the mass adoption of blockchain occurs, it will remain an unknown system based on theory rather than results. Use cases exist, but often times technology cannot seem to catch up. Until these things are addressed, blockchain will continue to be more hype than help.
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The Call for Reform of Cannabis Legalization
There’s no doubt about it, the legalization of cannabis is sweeping the nation on a state by state basis, and at an alarming rate. While the social progress achieved by ending the prohibition on a plant with numerous health benefits, one must ask themselves. Why, after a hundred years of prohibition, has the United States suddenly shown an interest in lifting a federal ban? The answer is quite simple, and an overlying theme in our capitalist nation. Money is the driving force in the growing cannabis industry.
In Nevada, we have sold cannabis recreationally since July of 2017. When the legislation passed, it was under the condition that cannabis would be taxed 15 percent on the wholesale sale, paid by the cultivator. Followed by 10% excise tax on the retail sale, paid by the retail store, and at last, the actual sales tax rate would be applied for the customer to pay. This results in a whopping 32% tax on cannabis, which was promised to go to Nevada’s abysmal education system. In the end, only 15% is being allocated to education, while the remainder is being pushed into Nevada’s “rainy day fund”, whatever that may be.
While the taxes being hoarded by politicians is an issue that needs to be addressed, even more serious is the fact that medical marijuana has completely been overshadowed by the recreational market. Patients are no longer valued over profits, as supply and demand becomes more of a factor than the actual medicinal value of the cannabis being provided. With swarms of recreational customers looking to enjoy a novelty joint during their Vegas vacation, it puts strain on the production facilities to produce at volumes literally five to ten times what they were accustomed to and built for. As a result, quality has taken a nosedive, while quantity becomes the most important factor. For the huddled masses with undeveloped palates, this suits them just fine. But for the patient with lupus that comes in everyday looking for relief? Or the cancer survivor, still going through chemotherapy and needing something to stimulate her appetite and aid with sleep? These customers, the ones who voted for medical legalization and helped remove the stigma from the plant, are taking a backseat to those who could care less what they’re smoking. In my time as a patient consultant in the cannabis industry, I witnessed a company implement mandatory sales goals, informing us that if we did not sell a minimum of in house product (cannabis grown by the dispensary, with which their profit margin is much higher), we would face disciplinary action. The conflict of interest here was that the in house product was rather low quality, and I could not in good conscience recommend this as medicine to patients when we carried more effective remedies. After vocalizing this concern, I was fired. This anecdote is just one of countless stories of cannabis companies losing their soul upon entering the recreational market.
The transition from focusing on patients to profits is tragic, but even more detrimental to the cannabis industry is the looming prospect of big business getting their hands into it. Companies like Coors and Budweiser have placed investments into the industry, even Coca Cola is talking about starting an edible line. While Coors and Budweiser specialize in beer, they are notoriously low quality. Keep in mind this is in the field that they started in. I have very little faith that Coors will change their tune and come out with a high quality, great tasting, intoxicating beverage. As far as Coca Cola goes, most cannabis users enjoy their edibles without massive amounts of high fructose corn syrup. Monsanto, most famous for being sued by the American people for the cancer causing chemicals they spray on produce, has just purchased the largest supplier of cannabis grow equipment in America, Sunlight Supply Co. This heavily implies that the GMO giant will be producing some very unhealthy buds for us when the federal ban on marijuana is lifted. With corporate giants looking to flood the market with low grade, low cost product, what does that mean for the smaller scale growers who value quality over quantity? Besides the cost of cannabis taking a nosedive due to the massive oversupply of low grade, leaving the smaller businesses to deal with decimated profit margins, they will also be pushed into a niche of “craft cannabis”, as the industry standard becomes a flavorless husk of what it once was.
Big business entering the cannabis market poses another issue, the unfair legislation they have lobbied for. In Nevada, as recreational cannabis became legal, the fine print also stated that it was no longer legal for a medical user to grow their own, as long as they live within 25 miles of a dispensary. This makes the dispensaries the only source for patients to get their medicine, and these dispensaries are charging outrageous prices. Honestly, there’s not much incentive to purchase legally at this point. In California, where 99 plant grows were abundant, very similar legislation was put into place. Limits were placed on how many square feet one’s grow could be, and the new laws made it near impossible for most outdoor growers to continue their operation. As a result, Humboldt county, whose economy relies heavily on the multitude of large scale farmers that call it home, has been economically crippled. The pioneers who fought so hard to see legalization pass, who dedicated decades of research and work to developing cannabis into the medical wonder it is today, are being pushed out of their own industry by corporations who have decided to seize the industry they have no passion for.
Even more detrimental to the industry is the government’s growing interest in cannabis. While the federal ban remains in place and the government refuses to acknowledge cannabis as having any genuine medicinal value, they have placed patents on cannabinoid compounds. Specifically, The US Department of Health & Human Services patent 6630507 (2003)) “Cannabinoids have been found to have antioxidant properties. This newfound property makes them useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases, such as ischemic, age related, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. They are found to have particular application as neuroprotectants limiting neurological damage of stroke or trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, just as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or HIV dementia.” So why would the government refuse to acknowledge the medicinal value of cannabis and lift the federal ban? As the government sneakily patents a compound it publicly condemns, a synthetic cannabis medications has been FDA approved. Epidiolex is being marketed as an oral CBD solution that can treat forms of epilepsy. Ironically, CBD remains a schedule 1 drug in the United States. Until the government is sure it can use legalization as a cash grab, I predict the federal ban will remain in place.
While on the topic of patents, the Seed to Sale program, which has been implemented in California, requires licensed commercial growers to keep a detailed electronic log of everything done to their plants. At first glance, this program seems like an effort to ensure growers aren’t using prohibited pesticides and chemicals to grow their product. However, a growing concern amongst growers is the fact that once this information has been submitted, the state will have access to all of the grow techniques that took them decades to perfect. In short, the state can easily steal these grower’s intellectual property under the guise of maintaining compliance. With the government patenting cannabinoid compounds, many growers fear it’s only a matter of time before they begin trying to patent specific phenotypes of the plant, also known as strains. The problem with this is that these phenotypes are typically the result of a collective effort, generations of growers working off each other’s strains, improving and changing them as we discover new techniques. Who can really claim a project that five generations of people worked on? There isn’t much stopping someone from slightly changing someones masterpiece and calling it their own. This is already argued about rather often in the cannabis industry, and the introduction of patents just opens the door for the drama and bickering to ensue.
The legalization of marijuana is something that is inevitable in this country. With the sweeping popularity amongst the states, both recreational and medical cannabis are creeping their way to the eastern states, as they see their neighbors rake in massive amounts of tax revenue. However, as we see the failures and underhanded deals involved in the passing of the legislation, it is imperative that we read the fine print in these proposals. While legalization is a step in the right direction socially, it’s tragic that it must be done at the expense of medical patients and farmers alike. Those who fought for legalization for unselfish reasons are being boxed out of their own industry, being replaced by millionaire’s with much more interest in net profit than THC levels. If the cannabis industry is to retain its integrity, legislation must be revised.
References
- US Food and Drug Administration “FDA approves first drug comprised of an active ingredient derived from marijuana to treat severe forms of epilepsy” June 25, 2018
- Us Department of Health & Human Services “Patent 6630507” October 7, 2003 http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6630507.PN.&OS=PN/6630507&RS=PN/6630507
- “Marijuana in Nevada, Taxes for Business”
- http://marijuana.nv.gov/Businesses/Taxes/
Cite this page
The Call For Reform of Cannabis Legalization. (2022, Sep 19).
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