Month: April 2022
Water is Life
It is usually a saying that people might never understand, but the truth is that no life could be there on earth without the presence of water. Water occupies the most substantial part of the surface of the earth and plays a vital role in the survival of human beings. Taking care of both natural and artificial reservoirs of water is very crucial. They include dams, lakes, rivers, oceans, and even seas. Regardless of whether the water present somewhere is salty or not it should be well taken care of. It is because some of the animals can survive only in salty water especially in oceans and the animals used for human consumption and the beauty of the landscape.
Questions for the Research
Being one of the most limiting factors in some regions of the planet, water sources are well taken care of. This article deals with oceans and their interactions with human beings in their day to day activities and how contamination is a critical thing in the present times. There are several research questions needed for people to ask for the progression of the article on ocean contamination. These questions include; Contaminants of ocean pollution, Understanding the causes of pollution, technological measures on prevention of ocean pollution, and actions to be taken on those who contaminate ocean water (Parsons, 2005).
All of the above questions are in for research in this article and more about the questions and findings discussed. Currently, ocean pollution brings down the economy, destroys the beauty as the sites that an ocean puts the visitors in are always spectacular, and destruction of animal life yet ocean animals are very vital to human beings. Ocean contamination is what builds up to be ocean pollution (Parsons, 2005).
Topic of Research
The topic of research is ocean contamination hence pollution, but before then the contaminants and about them is discussed first for a clear understanding. The only people who help in research are the people surrounded by ocean life. It is because they are the ones who understand better what contaminants are in the ocean, how they get there and how such acts hinder their day to day activities. The other group of people with relevant information on ocean contamination are the officers in charge of marine life as the ocean is their daily office (Jakubiak, 2011).
Ethical Issues
There are the ethical measures recommended during the research. One of the things to understand is that the access and use of marine genetic resources for research is allowed but then in an organized manner. Here, there are sharp recommendations, on priorities for actions, research, and development on a large range of sensitive issues concerning the area of study. Ethics are essential in the maintenance of biological diversity for the sharing of the benefits arising due to the utilization of marine genetic resources for research (An Overview of Ocean Pollution 2016).
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Water Is Life. (2022, Apr 18).
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Anthropogenic Plastic Debris
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Anthropogenic Plastic Debris. (2022, Apr 18).
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The Blue Shark and Ocean Pollution
Additional studies were done on another endangered species, blue sharks. The blue shark is a oceanic and pelagic species found in the mediterranean sea. The blue shark migrates vast distances of water for feeding and reproduction, therefore, it faces various areas with distinct species. The aim of this study was to also examine plastic ingestion in blue sharks from the north western mediterranean through analyzing the stomach contents and quantifying the litter ingested. The study was done by collecting 139 blue sharks from the year 1999 to 2015 in the offshore area of the mediterranean sea. The total length, weight and sex of the sharks were then measured and recorded. After necropsy, a microscope was used to identify the collected stomach content. The dried plastic items were then analyzed using the spectroscopy technique to find the poly composition of the plastic and grouped. The ingested plastics collected were grouped according to characteristics of total plastics items, plastic size and lastly plastic color. The experiment resulted in polyethylene and polypropylene being the most abundant. Regarding size, mesoplastics were predominant in both juvenile and adult sharks. Lastley, the plastic debris color tended to vary due to sharks opportunistic feeding strategy (3).
A further study was done on ingestion of polystyrene microplastics in marine life brine shrimp, artemia parthenogenica. The study demonstrated the toxic effects of microplastic ingestion specifically in filter feeders. The purpose of the study was to quantify the lowest concentration of polystyrene microsphere where ingestion could be seen at the two time periods of 24 hours and 14 days as well as examine the effects of microsphere exposure on the intestinal epithelial cells (2). Subsequently, when the artemia were exposed to the microspheres, regarding concentration, it was concluded that it was environmentally relevant as well as needed further research to be determined specifically. However, the pollutant lead to change in morphological appearance of digestive tract epithelial cells as wells as disordered microvilli in intestine.
The last study was conducted on the effects of microplastic exposure on growth and development of crepidula onyx. In this experiment the purpose was to expose the C. onyx larvae to different concentrations of microplastic and measure the effects it has on the development. It was shown that at high concentration, larvae that were fed micro-PS resulted in slower growth compared to the control group (4). All in all, the multiple studies discussed, provide enough evidence to illustrate the significant impact of plastic within our ecosystem among different trophic levels. Unfortunately, as the population grows, the demand for the use of plastic increases as well. However, there are many ways to decrease the usage of plastics by starting with reduce, reuse and recycle as well as using reusable straws, cloth bags instead of plastic and decreasing littering. As a population, it is in our hands to make a difference by making small changes within our daily lifestyle.
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The Blue Shark And Ocean Pollution. (2022, Apr 18).
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United Nations Environmental Program
Among the ways of reducing and controlling trash pollution in oceans is the social conformity and adoption of the re-usable version of plastic. We should move away from the use of single-use plastics that form bulk of plastic waste polluting oceans. This implies the utilization of reusable shopping bags, and water bottles so as to decrease the per capita use of plastic bags in the world that currently stands at 45kg compared to 3kg in the late 1980's. Smokers should also resolve to regular use of ashtrays to reduce the amounts of cigarette butts dropped on the streets, that is eventually swept away by rainwater into rivers and oceans. In areas with high populations of smokers, governments should consider implementing public smoking bans to enforce control and ensure cigarette butts are collected at designated smoking areas and in ashtrays for to reduce the negative effects they have on the environment.
Plastic recycling should be increased and advanced recycling techniques adopted to avoid further pollution. Recycling plastics relies on the collection of plastics which also provides employment opportunities for plastic waste collectors. Recycling also ensures there’s no introduction of “new plastic” in the environment and the consequent management towards the reduction of plastic use. Social emphasis on recycling should also be supported by people through volunteering to participate in beach and river clean-up programs and delivering the plastic waste collected to recycling plants.
We should also consider moving from the use of fossil fuels for energy because they pose a great risk to the ocean if the contamination and pollution spills into the sea water. Oil drills in the high waters are exposed to risky accidents that have long detrimental effects on the ocean. Oil tankers in the water also end up spilling into the ocean in case of accidents leaving the same devastating consequences. (Nellemann, Hain & Alder, 43). Utilizing more wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear energy will go a long way into protecting oceans from contamination.
Consumers should also reduce the utilization of beauty and wash products that contain plastic microbeads. This entails the reduced use of face scrubs and body wash that are among the most commonly used products containing plastic particles of less than one millimeter in diameter (Duquette et.al, 66). This should correlate with producer responsibility policies that force producers of plastic products to sign liability agreements that elaborate on detailed techniques they will use in handling the plastic, and collection of used plastic and recycling. Governments should also consider implementing increased taxation on plastic production and introduction of plastic related fees to discourage manufacturers from the use of plastic and also raise sufficient revenues to support government environmental sustainability programs that deal in plastic waste management. Fines for littering the environment with plastic materials should also be implemented. In large populations and growing economies such as China, the government can consider imposing bans on the use of plastic bags to control the number of plastic bags getting to seas and oceans (Sareer, 27.
Countries should also come together and support the implementation of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) initiative for Zero-Vision for Oceanic Plastic. Such support should be through the implementation of common international environmental support agreements by coming together to develop common plans and goals towards the reduction of plastic waste in the ocean. Mapping of the critical areas that need more emphasis such as China and the Gulf of Mexico should be dealt with by the respective countries sharing the polluted water bodies.
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United Nations Environmental Program. (2022, Apr 18).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/04/page/5/
Plastisphere Thriving Microbes
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Plastisphere Thriving Microbes. (2022, Apr 18).
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https://studydriver.com/2022/04/page/5/
Going Green Can Save Ocean
In the United States, there are also ways to protect the citizens from dirty water and there is also acts put in place to protect the water, such as the Clean Water Act. There are more options and opportunities in the United States than in third world countries. A lot has to do with how much the population has raised as well as how much government action is taken. That is why there is a lot of pollution in other places just because there is not a law in place to fix the issue. The more humans wait around and continue to use the same amount of plastic covered products, the less of a chance there is to bring the planet Earth back to a healthy state. There are many steps humans can take in order to help the environment. Farmer’s markets can help with reducing the plastic that is used in produce.
It also reduces the amount of plastic bags used for shopping and groceries. Purchasing a reusable bag can become beneficial for many necessary activities. Recycling is the best solution, not only is it removing plastic from the trash but also it can potentially save a lot of money. Also purchasing a reusable water bottle and filters for water can dramatically decrease the amount of plastic in the environment. Additionally, trying to go zero waste Doing these things and many more can help with decreasing pollution in the ocean caused by plastic. Recently there has been a lot of sea turtles dying due to plastic straws. Reducing the use of these and getting reusable straws can cause a dramatical change. For example, instead of using the plastic cups provided in Starbucks, the replacement can be mugs and reusable thermos. Going green can save an individual a lot of money, as well as the country.
It is a huge benefit to reduce plastic and there are actions already being taken. One of these benefits is the BPA Free plastics which have fewer toxins and are said to be safer for human use. There are many things being done in order to help clean up the Earth. Earth’s contamination is a huge problem and it could potential he affect us in the future. This is why it is best to take action now and to recycle plastics instead of polluting the Earth. In order to continue having a healthy planet, we need to take healthy actions and promote the green thumb. There are many things that can be done in order to do this and influence everyone else to do so as well.
This can also benefit the people living in their own countries to possibly improve their diet and state of living. It would be something beneficial for the developing countries who are currently struggling with possible water toxins found in their food and water sources. Which is why we should take care of the earth and all other living creatures cohabiting the Earth beside humans. By taking small actions such as picking up after ourselves brings us one step closer to a cleaner home.
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Going Green Can Save Ocean. (2022, Apr 18).
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Indirectly Consuming Plastic
Just how energy transfers from one living thing to another the nutrients consumed by the prior consumer are transferred. This brings up how consuming sea animals who have been exposed to plastic toxins can be harmful towards humans digestive system. It can essentially become a straight pathway for the consumption of plastic by humans (Wright et la, 2017). It can damage a lot of internal organs and it can potentially just sit in your stomach. Since plastic does not decompose easily, the toxins will stay in your body and it can all lead to death. There has been evidence found in fishes’ skin, which contains traces of plastic toxins. In addition to sea animals, microplastics have been found in other food sources such as honey and sugar. It can simply damage multiple organs.
This contamination of microplastics is simply described as airborne (Wright et la., 2017). Which is another suggestion of how little the population knows of what they are consuming and where it comes from. Our food sources come from companies in which it is unsure how they produce their products as well as the process. Which makes it more likely that humans are consuming a lot of toxins, which are found in microplastics. A major issue that was facing in today’s world is that there is a lot of poverty and hunger. Families in third world countries have to search in trash piles for food in order to survive. This becomes a problem because a lot of people have malnutrition do to talk since found in their food sources, which includes plastic.
This is why the death rate in developing countries is very high but it does not affect the high percentage of birth rates and how fast the population is rising. This is what leads people to search for ways to survive, especially young kids. This is also affecting the water they eat as well as the air they breathe. An example of this would be Hong Kong, which due to the high population they are at risk of being polluted by microplatics (So et la, 2018). These microbeads have been found in various everyday utilities, such as cosmetics and these microbeads are later on found in water. Which can put their people at risk of death and a spread of diseases, once it has spread in the water. The thing is that scientist have not been able to find a specific set of symptoms that are caused by indirectly consuming plastic.
They do believe it is filled with toxins and can easily be transmitted to humans through seafood. This, of course, differs in the United States, there is a large quantity of plastic but there is not a financial issue along with it. Since it is a developed country, the microplastics are mainly consumed through the food as aforementioned. In the United States, there are programs to help those in need, such as food stamps and soup kitchens.
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Indirectly Consuming Plastic. (2022, Apr 18).
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Sea Life Will be Nonexistent
The percentage of plastic used has increased due to the number of products that are packaged in plastic as well as how much plastic is being wasted instead of recycled by humans. There is already a large quantity of plastic on the planet and this is the reason why the world has three plastic islands. This is due to the high amount of ocean pollution and the consumption of toxins by animals. The issue is also presented in third world countries where, in order to survive, they must search for food sources in the trash. As well as how a large number of living things are dying and along the environment due to so much plastic pollution in the ocean and on land. There is a high possibility in today’s society that humans are consuming plastic indirectly.
Which is potentially damaging the internal organs, but besides that damaging the planet that is called home. Microplastics are very difficult to break down, which can make it easier for an animal to find. In today's society, there is evidence of how plastic materials can affect sea life as well as small animals on land. To begin with, a lot of sea animals find pieces of plastic floating around and which they believe it is a source of food. Most of these plastic get washed up from beaches, rivers, as well as forms of water transportation. Today, there are many ‘Garbage Islands’ located in the middle of the ocean where all trash accumulates (Cressey, 2016). An example of such an island is The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which has recently been stated to be three times the size of France. All of the pollution that ends up in the ocean, which then later can cause the death of the sea life as well as contaminating and potentially killing the coral. There have been predictions that in the near future there will be more plastic found in the ocean than fish (Christopher, 2018).
Humans throw away more plastic than they recycle, which is also a huge amount of money wasted (McArthur, 2017). All that trash that we throw away gets thrown into the oceans and put into trash islands. Which just makes it worse for the future of the planet Earth, soon enough the ocean will be filled with trash. Also, as aforementioned, sea life will be nonexistent at the rate humans are producing trash to throw away. Since plastic does not decompose well as aforementioned, it can affect the soil nutrients as well as agriculture later on. Since the soil will not be rich enough to sustain any sort of plant. Which ties down to how it affects the food sources. One major outbreak of plastic contamination in food was in China (Wright el la, 2017). The most popular fish in China has been found being contaminated with microplastics. This is due to a whole of pollution and plastic being found by the ocean. The aforementioned example demonstrates how dangerous the pollution found in the ocean can be. There needs to be some sort of protection that can protect the oceans and sea life.
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Sea Life Will Be Nonexistent. (2022, Apr 18).
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https://studydriver.com/2022/04/page/5/
Plastics and Ocean Pollution
Walk the remote shores of the coastline, where the sunbeams and the wind sings, and you’ll find miles of warm sandy white beaches. You’ll also find plastic straws. Orange ones, red ones, clear ones. They are just about everywhere. This reason isn’t hard to fathom because whether you’ve ordered an iced coffee or a coke, the likelihood of getting your drink handed to you with a straw, is high. Now you never think to yourself “Wow, what a brilliant invention! A liquid-extraction device!”, because when does it ever really come to mind? You finish sipping and lob it into a recycling bin, because it is plastic, you are a good person, that is what we’re taught to do. Newsflash, straws are actually not recyclable. They will sit and keep composure either in a landfill, or eventually float out into the clear blue sea. So imagine, that number probably adds up to millions of straws used every day and then billions per year.
It’s not that the straw is the worst plastic, or the most common plastic, or the most lethal-to-aquatic-life plastic. It’s due to the fact that the straw is really a gateway plastic, cunning in its seeming innocence, in our capacity to peer it for what it truly is. Which is unnecessary, toxic flotsam, contributing to the mass of plastic garbage as a way to maybe someday outweigh all the lovely creatures in the sea. We have heard excuses: you need the straw to keep the coffee from staining your teeth. You don’t want to reapply your lipstick. A straw might be many things-a personal preference- but in the wake of conscious thought, it is mostly nothing, which is what makes it such a difficult norm to break: you never even recall picking it up in the first place.
While plastic straws could be considered one of the latest inventions, humans have been using hollow, cylindrical tubes to bring liquid to their lips for centuries. It is known that about 5,000 years ago “Ancient Sumerians, one of the first to brew beer-submerged long, thin tubes made from precious metals” (Gibbens). The Smithsonian Institute cites a widely known legend that says, in 1880, Marvin Stone was enjoying a beverage on a hot summer day when his piece of rye grass, which was then used as a straw, began to break apart. Stone then decided he could invent something bigger and used strips of paper to wrap a pencil, he then had unfolded an early prototype of paper drinking straws. He patented his design in 1888, and by 1890, was mass producing them (Gibbens).
Fast forward to the 1930s, straws finally gained the ability to bend. Inventor Joseph Friedman “Inserted a screw into the straw, wrapped floss around the screw’s grooves, and took out the screw” (Gibbens). Friedman then patented his design and before he knew it, the popular straw found its way into milkshakes all over the country. Manufacturing then began to take hold to mass produce plastic straws.
The world is now wrestling to recover from its plastic pollution hangover. Banning plastic straws has been a movement that over the years, has gained a lot of attention. This is where paper straw comes in, it’ll cost about a penny or two more than plastic and for larger corporations that equals hundreds of millions of dollars, but to the marine environment, you simply cannot cap a price.
After the anti-straw movement took off in 2015, a wave of banning straws took place. But this well-intentioned campaign assumes that single-use plastics, have everything to do with ocean pollution. Americans use up to 500 million plastic straws per day and though this number is awful, it’s safe to say that there probably billions of plastic straws scattered on global coastlines (Minter). In other words, though the banning of plastic straws is great, is it really effective and what other substitutes are coming in to take the place of plastic straws?
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Plastics And Ocean Pollution. (2022, Apr 18).
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Artificial Intelligence Help to Manage Clinical Trials
Hiring more manpower is not the answer to getting your clinical trials’ timelines back on track. If anything can help, that would be adoption of technology and more specifically, AI. The new way to cut the timelines of clinical trials short is to leverage artificial intelligence to drive the processes.
Manage data to manage your trial
Let’s look at how AI can be of help to manage clinical trials which need to adhere to regulatory compliance requirements as well as regulator-approved data standards & reporting. Not to forget the challenges with patient recruitment, data sources and data collection and aggregation. During a clinical trial, a large amount of data gets collected across the variety of eClinical systems, wearable and external sources, requiring the ability to manage, ingest and standardize it without delays.
Clinical trials stay compliant only when the system can check all the input data, verify its source, standardize it and ensure its quality and accuracy as per protocol parameters. AI not only helps to standardize the data but also learns to detect any deviations as it processes the data from the various sources to create a single source of truth which is compliant with regulatory standards.
Most clinical studies also face challenges with time and cost overruns, while study quality itself refuses to be maintained at an optimum level. All these challenges can be resolved and the success of a study can be ensured when we have access to and oversight of ready and relevant information. Apart from ensuring the success of the study, such a capability would make it possible for trial managers to not be overwhelmed by copious amounts of data and to quickly respond to any crucial red flags and prevent costly delays by resolving their root causes.
Development time manages itself
When data gets captured and integrated with all the other data in the data repository, clinical data management processes turn seamless and on time. Quick access to reliable data helps all the study stakeholders to focus on clinical tasks of higher value and regularly monitor their KPIs to coordinate all stages of the trial. AI helps here too by matching the real time data to historic data as a benchmark and flag any issues in real-time, making immediate corrective action possible. As AI helps the study to stay on track and meet its milestones, it can also help with the site and patient outcomes by finding the most relevant populations.
With AI, we can also enjoy end-to-end automation and faster clinical trials along with its automated analytics which offer actionable insights which power further improvements in the clinical trails’ processes. All these would help to keep the development on schedule and the clinical trial on track.
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Artificial Intelligence Help To Manage Clinical Trials. (2022, Apr 18).
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Self-Service and Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) improves in the workplace environment. In its place, labor will not cost as much, and there will be more time to complete more important tasks. For instance, according to Zielinski (2019) AI, “allows employees to request time off, adjust schedules or swap shifts with co-workers, check pay information, complete open enrollment, and create personal profiles listing skills, certifications and licenses.” Although there are advantages to the use of AI, there are also disadvantages to it. Not all employees will know how to properly us an AI device, so there is room for error. Furthermore, AI’s only know answers that were programed to them, thus it will not provide employees all of the necessary answers.
Article Analysis Certain McDonalds on Guam, such as McDonalds Harmon, has recently installed their own self-service kiosks. Compared to other countries, Guam is still a bit old-fashioned when it comes to taking part in technology. It has been a long time coming, but we are slowly integrating the use of technology in our daily lives. Technology involvement on Guam is a new factor, hence why it took a while to be incorporate. Using self-service on Guam will be beneficial because we will elevate as an island. Article Evaluation Author Credibility: 30/30 – I believe he is a creditable author because his writing focus, is business.
Additionally, not only is he a business author, he is also an editor. Thus, why I rated Dave Zielinski’s creditability as an author a 30 out of 30. Information/Content: 30/30 – I rate this article a 30 out of 30. This article provided a good amount of information about self-service systems. It provided a survey of how many organizations use a self-service, and also what are the pros and cons of a self-service. Structure & Format: 20/20 – This article is a 20 out of 20 because it drew me in at the beginning with the question it asked. Additionally, for the reason that it listed the reasons of using a self-service system are helpful at the beginning of the article.
Then at the end of the article it had a rational explanation about self-service systems versus human. Site & Access: 9/10 – Although I did not have to make an account and have to pay for a membership, or run out of free articles, I still rate the site & access a 9 out of 10. I am only allowed to view five articles a month on the SHRM website. So, I was lucky I found an article before I ran into any complications. Purpose & other 10/10 – I believe this article’s purpose was to inform and persuade. The article informed readers why technology is a difference maker in the workplace, and persuaded readers as to why we should start using self-service systems. That is why I rated the purpose & other a 10 out of 10.
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Self-Service And Artificial Intelligence. (2022, Apr 18).
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https://studydriver.com/2022/04/page/5/
Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
Advancements in technology have influenced the way we live our lives. Robotics and Artificial Intelligence are the future, as much as people are excited about this growth in science., they need to understand the dangers. The dangers of technology rely on the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is the “brain” of modern day machines and computers, AI can provide scientists with the ability to make robots more smarter and humanlike. Isaac Asimov explains the dangers and growth of AI, he predicts that one-day robots, being powered by AI, will be indistinguishable from normal humans.
“No, but he has killed no man himself. He has exposed facts which might represent a particular human being to be dangerous to a larger mass of people.” Francis Quinn, who is running for mayor, quickly challenges the humanity of his competitor, Stephen Byerley. Earlier in Stephen’s life, he was involved in a vehicular accident which caused serious injury to his health. Miraculously, Stephen survived and later on was elected District Attorney. Surprisingly, there were never any scars, bruises or deformities. Suspicious of what had occurred, Francis Quinn calls upon the U.S. Robots and Mechanical Men Corporation. Dr. Susan Calvin, a robotics expert, questions Francis about his sudden allegations. “Our District Attorney never eats!… I’ll modify slightly he has never been seen to eat or drink.” These opening words from Francis Quinn shows how firm he stands on the belief that Stephen Byerley isn’t who he says he is. Francis publicly calls Stephen out about being a robot, by doing this the public and media quickly get ahold of this and it goes viral. In order to defend his humanity, Stephen must undergo a CAT scan, which is administered by Dr. Calvin. Baffled by the results, Dr. Calvin isn’t able to fully diagnose Stephen because of the metal in his head, which he claims is from the accident and that metal is making the CAT scan images blurry. The only other way to prove that Stephen is a robot is to see if he will follow the Three Laws Of Robotics. Which strictly set the rules for a robot and if it does not follow these rules they will shut down.
“You’ve got something to eat in your purse…Stephen calmly bites the apple and calmly swallowed it. This is important because the number 1 rule for being a robot is the inability to consume food or drink liquids. Although consuming this apple doesn’t preciously prove his humanity, but it helps his campaign for mayor. Ultimately, Stephen Byerley is elected mayor, but research on his humanity is still underway. Stephen Byerley would have his body atomized thus destroying all evidence about Stephen. Dr. Calvin writes a book about Stephens life where she personally believes that Stephen was once a human and then became a robot some time throughout his life which explains his human and robotic traits
Amazingly throughout Stephens whole life not many people question that he might be a robot, but the danger of AI is constantly growing. AI is the brain of Stephen which controls him and makes him act like a human and not like a robot. The warnings provided by Isaac Asimov should worry people, so we must be cautious with our growth and development of science and Artificial Intelligence.
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Robotics And Artificial Intelligence. (2022, Apr 18).
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Artificial Intelligence for a Long Time Stands Still
Technical development. It is known that in everyday life, a person does not use 100% of the power of his brain – but can we say this about artificial intelligence? Far from a fact. Developments will continue, logic will improve, and, alas, no one knows what this may lead to. That's what intelligence is for-to come to logical conclusions, having prerequisites, but not always having template answers ready.
The use of robots for surveillance. It may seem that this flaw is an invention of conspiracy theorists and science fiction authors, and, nevertheless, it can not be denied that this is possible. Even the simplest household robots purchased for simplified farming can 'report' to their owners if they suddenly notice something unreliable. Many people need privacy, which robots can deprive them of.
The lack of crash protection. Although the robots will be monitored by knowledgeable people, this does not mean that the system will not fail. At the same time, it can be very difficult to track them – especially for a person without a specialized education. The accumulation of errors can lead to severe disruption of the system and even to loss of data, which can sometimes be critical.
Loss of jobs. It is possible that robots will not replace people immediately, since this area requires a large investment, and yet, in the future, it is quite possible. A functioning robot cannot make a mistake that leads to terrible consequences, since it is not familiar with the concept of the 'human factor'. Of course, robots also need to be monitored, because they can break down – does this mean that the work for which you can get money will remain only with robots? Everything is possible.
Huge investment. Unfortunately, or fortunately, science is not a financial priority for most countries, and it can take years to develop something truly important. Few are willing to spend money on this, which is why the development of artificial intelligence for a long time stands still.
Lack of environmental friendliness. It has long been obvious that if something becomes the last nail in The coffin of the earth's ecology, it will be technical progress. Devices that have artificial intelligence can play an important role in this, since their developers think about the environment in the last place. If before, even if there was a critical level of ecology in the settlement, a person sought to at least protect their home, having such devices at hand, you can unwittingly become the culprit of environmental pollution.
out of control; the desire of people to create more Autonomous devices can lead to the fact that devices running under AI control can not be stopped or corrected in time; hacking; management of AI systems associated with critical industries for the life of society (water and energy supply, defense) can be intercepted by hackers, as demonstrated in the film 'Die Hard 4'.
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Artificial Intelligence For A Long Time Stands Still. (2022, Apr 18).
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An Economy Simulated by Artificial Intelligence
Salesforce engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model to try to distinguish a tax policy that would offer a fairer world,reports the site SiecleDigital.fr. The system they created is capable of identifying the consequences of different tax models in a simulated economy.
Currently, governments around the world collect taxpayers' money based on their income and then use it to finance public projects or redistribute it in social assistance. Explaining in this way, the model seems ideal, but for a few years now, we have noticed that inequalities are constantly increasing.
Balance is obviously very difficult to find. Many researchers have worked on this issue without finding better solutions. Faced with this impossibility, why not use the machine?
Salesforce engineers believe that AI would create a fairer model. So they developed AI Economist. This model identifies optimal tax policies through a simulated economy.
An economy simulated by AI
The model used by Salesforce interacts workers with a two-dimensional world. These workers are responsible for collecting wood and stone and then exchanging these resources with other workers. As in the real world, they all have different skill levels. The most qualified use the accumulated resources to buy wood and stone to build their homes.
At the end of each year, workers are taxed at a rate designed by a manager created by the AI. The objective is to allow workers to increase their productivity and income. This same simulation is repeated millions of times in order to find the most efficient model.
Scientists believe the model will ultimately determine the best solution because both workers and the manager are managed by AI. This allows the two to adapt over the simulations.
Thus, some workers reduce their productivity to fall into a lower tax bracket. We can also see concessions from decision-makers and workers, which makes it possible to create a particularly realistic simulation.
At the moment, AI fails to capture all of the complexities of the real world and human behavior, but it is a matter of time, according to the researchers.
An idea difficult to accept
However, leaving a decision of this political importance to a machine is not easy for society to accept. 'It would be completely innovative to make tax policy less political and more data-driven,' said Alex Trott, a member of the Salesforce research team, who understands that novelty can be scary.
However, initial results point to a model that would be 16% more correct than those currently used, in terms of maximizing productivity and equal income.
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Artificial Intelligence Will Take over the World
Artificial Intelligence was once Science Fiction
Hollywood fantasizes that artificial intelligence will take over the world with evil robots or robots that are humanlike. Yet, today AI has a different configuration, like google home and Alexa. The modern comforts of turning on your household lights before you arrive home, vacuuming your floors while you relax on the couch and securing your alarm from your bed are just a few things AI can do. Manufacturing utilizes AI from building cars to safely maneuvering hazardous materials. AI has the potential to evolve any business. The AI systems mainly focus on an “engineering” approach, versus what we see in the movies. Some of the major problems of today’s AI are; inability to use critical thinking, job security, and the breach of home security.
The dream of the developers of AI was to create an intelligent machine that could mimic human like intelligence. To be able to think critically and create a solution to any problem. The current AI is more of an input system and has yet to reach its potential. In addition, another kink of AI is the risk to manufacturing jobs. Automated systems have been around for a while but the worker who relies on a manufacturing job, may not find one. Ten workers can be replaced by one worker who monitors the AI systems. Looking specifically how most of today’s society utilizes AI, some stories have surfaced about the breach of security. AI is in its infancy stage and certainly has a bright future with a wide range of applications.
The problems presented were quite small, but as the applications of AI expand there may be more problems. When Suri, Alexa or Google are asked some questions it may become viral on You Tube as AI answers in an absurd way. For instance, recently a young girl was asking google home to play “Baby Shark” and google home kept replying for the toddler to repeat her request because she was incoherent. This made the toddler very frustrated because she didn’t understand why Google home could not fulfill her request. This problem may be resolved as AI evolves and is able to discern a variety of dialects or speech patterns. As for AI in the workplace, and the problem of eradicating jobs for the vocational work force the innovators need to slow the switch of automated systems to the pace of our workforce. However, if a job creates risk to workers like managing toxic or lethal chemicals automated systems should be considered first before manual labor. Cybersecurity is a concern as we open our homes to home monitoring systems. Protective firewalls should be created to add security to these AI devices. Not to mention the accessibility Amazon and others have as they supposedly listen in.
In conclusion, technology is in more homes than previous years. We have smart phones, smart appliances, and AI home devices. We cannot turn back the clock, but we need to consider the advantages and disadvantages of AI. The disadvantages are the risk to our economic stability as jobs are shifted as AI is used in the workplace, the risk we place as more homes utilize the AI devices in their home and the limited ways AI can think critically. However, the advantages are more than just the pipe dreams that they were a few years ago. In fact, there may be more applications that have not even been dreamed of. Who knows AI may even take over the world just like in the Hollywood movies.
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Mind, Brain and Behavior
I am aware that courses under the same title at Peking may represent entirely different content at Harvard due to different philosophical traditions and curriculums; thus I would outline my academic plans without considering credits at Peking at this moment.
For General Education, Distribution requirements, and Quantitative Reasoning with Data, due to an abundance of courses and essay’s word limit, I would like to reserve for further consideration upon entrance. The overarching idea is to take courses related to art, philosophy, moral, mind, Classics, and literature. I would like to study Greek for my language requirements. I am also aware that the study of expository writing is required though not a prerequisite for the philosophy concentration.
In order to reflect my interest in philosophy related to artificial intelligence, I would like to follow the “Mind, Brain, and Behavior” track within the philosophy concentration. However, I am not sure if free will, which is the core of artificial intelligence studies, is related to biological fields or not, though I do admit physical components lay the foundations of will. Thus if I discovered they are not related (I must consult an advisor or professor with relevant knowledge in this area), I would then follow a normal philosophy concentration or joint it with Classics. Anyhow, I will specialize in the philosophy concentration and devote much of my remaining credits to Classics.
Specifically, given attention to the concentration requirements, I am interested in these courses: Gen Ed 1064, Neuroscience 140, Phil 147, Phil 156, Psy 146, Psy 1750, Phil 14, Phil 8, Phil 144, Greek 110, Phil 107, Phil 240G, Phil 258, Phil 239, Phil 6, Phil 108, Phil 129, Phil 168, Phil 273O, CLS-STDY 97A, Human 10A, Greek 134. Overall, my academic plans follow these ideas: study metaphysics, free will, and mind-related philosophy before entering ethics. In Classics, I want to focus more on Greek works regarding philosophy and literature (I am especially interested in tragedies). I am also interested in the Harvard-Cambridge Summer Program.
I am willing to enter undergraduate research regarding free will and artificial intelligence. I am not yet interested in the ethical aspects, but rather sciences as a foundation of will or not and its implications. An example may bring a sense of this interest: A beam of light of a certain wavelength enters my eyeball, producing a sensation in my mind (the science part). This sensation is being perceived by me as the feeling of “yellow.” Thus it might be possible that though we both name the feeling produced by that light of a particular wavelength as “yellow,” my feeling is in fact the feeling of your “blue”, while my feeling of “blue” is that of your “yellow.”
Also, I am exploring an independent study on free will, which is a concept discussed dispersedly in many philosophy fields. If applicable, I want to integrate the sections on free will in those fields and study them as a whole.
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Future Will be Different
“I, Robot” was a movie about discovering the ones self through learning the truth of the issues at hand, as well as dealing with personal issues from the past. The movie questioned a lot of things about artificial intelligence and how our world has been affected by it in the future, but also takes on the detectives past. The movie itself questions what we know currently to be true about AI and how it runs the world we live in, from phones to Siri and Cortana things we use every day. There is a lot of skepticism in the movie from the detective, and how he doesn’t “trust something that cant make a judgment call.” (I, Robot) A good portion of the movie was trying to get a better understanding of what happened to one of the main characters, and ultimately the ending explained it all.
The premise of the movie was that AI has taken over many things that we humans do daily, but they make it easier but what effect will that have on the human race. We in today’s society rely on technology for everything, what if one day that technology to over and started to control us breaking news it has. The movie is basically a premonition of the future, AI will be used in everything that we do. Will Smith’s character is someone that is skeptical of AI and he has every right to be, as he was traumatized by events in his past from a robot. After watching the movie I had a better understanding of what his issue was, but the ending shows that one can change their own perspective if we actually learn the truth with the knowledge we learn. Sometimes it’s hard to see what’s in front of us if we can’t overcome what we have dealt with from the past, it leaves us jaded.
Knowledge is something we learn to understand, truth is what actually comes from understanding that knowledge. When the detective see his friend that is dead and the robot running away he automatically believes he committed the crime, but later finds out why he did it. It is a very intricate command that these robots have that they cannot override a direct order. When the truth comes out then the knowledge he previously had was changed and therefore created a newer understanding of things. We have to find the answers that we are looking for in order to change the truth or better understand it. That was the whole idea of the movie, was learning that we are different but we are the same as these robots because we think and act differently. In my opinion our future will be different but inherently that same if we continue in the direction we are headed.
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Artificial Intelligence Surpassing Human Intelligence Increases
“Don’t worry about Master Luke. I’m sure he’ll be all right. He’s quite clever, you know… for a human being.” As a droid programmed for etiquette and protocol, C-3PO from The Star Wars trilogy sure knew how to dole out rude but truthful remarks towards his friends. His droll remark here highlights the reality of how technology might outpace the human mind. The internet is a hallmark of this technological advancement. Its rapid growth gave birth to the concept of search engines, starting with the rudimentary “Archie” in 1990, to “WebCrawler” in 1994, to “Google” - the current industry behemoth.
“Google” has become part of the vernacular of almost every language in the modern world in less than two decades. Google is go-to; Google is search. It’s the verb, to Google. It’s what we all do, all the time, whenever we want to know anything. We Google it. Google has a place in every household, be it the DIY dad trying to figure out how to fix the broken oven, the teenager looking up makeup videos, or the working mom searching for recipes for quick weeknight dinners. With information at our fingertips, the world has become our oyster.
The advancement of science in the 21st century is now bringing in the era of Artificial Intelligence, taking knowledge sharing to a whole new level. Voice-powered personal assistants like Siri and Alexa can answer pretty much any question you have. Google maps has helped solve a critical commuting problem. With every scientific advancement, possibility of artificial intelligence surpassing human intelligence increases. Could this artificial intelligence eventually become the mind of God?
In my humble opinion, the answer is a simple but resounding no! While the reach of Science might seem endless, there are definite limits. Science can provide knowledge that informs our opinions and decisions, but it cannot make moral judgements. For example - is euthanasia the right thing to do?). Science cannot make aesthetic judgements to tell us whether a Van Gogh painting is beautiful or terrible. Scientific knowledge has been invaluable to mankind. However, Science cannot tell us how to use that knowledge. Insights that have results in vaccination and control of bacterial infection have also given rise to bacteriological warfare. As we ponder whether Science can eventually become the mind of God, perhaps the most ironical point is that Science cannot answer if God even exists in the first place. It is hard to see “the mind of God” at work in the social integration of science and technology.
So, what would happen if, by some miracle (no pun intended!), the perfect search engine does become the mind of god? There will no longer be any privacy with monitoring of locations and Wi-Fi use. Power of the internet will be mobilized as weapons through cyber hacks and social media manipulation, as already evidenced in the recent elections. Most importantly, the element of wonder will be lost. The ability to know everything all the time will destroy any sense of adventure, risk-taking and spontaneity. I, for one, would much rather not know than live in a world without the essence of the human spirit.
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Artificial Intelligence Skills Solve the Huge Tasks
Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is often called as machine intelligence. Which is driving the world today, some of the main areas where AI is using in today’s world is in Google’s driverless cars as a guide, responding to the human words, collecting and tracking the responses to the google queries that you ran on google search engine. Elon musk who founded Tesla said As the use of AI becomes more there will be fewer and fewer jobs that robot’s can’t do. A human brain should be kept boosted to stay competitive with the AI. The technical innovations that usually happens in the AI will be focused on resolving a particular issue like how good your driving skills are. Researchers are sharpening the AI skills to solve the huge tasks in an easier way. The most interesting thing is that, David Hanson founder and CEO of Hansen Robotics said computer algorithms are getting smarter,
But the question is Why there is no general AI yet? There is nothing like that upto now. Jonathan Matus, Founder and CEO of Zendrive is used to analyze driving data collected from the smartphone sensors. Usually, general intelligence will be done by humans, said by Oren. There isn’t a machine that function similar to a kid, and so, humans are far from general intelligence. Scientists invented the AI which responds to the series of questions with projects like IBM’s Watson, that defeated two jeopardy champions 8 years back. And in today’s world there are similar kind of Watsons like identifying medical issues, super-smart AI which is used to make trailers for releasing movies.
But the ethical issues involved in AI are one is Unemployment, lets take an example of trucking in USA that employs millions of people, what will happen if the tesla promotes self-driving trucks and on the other side it looks like an ethical choice by taking the risk of accidents to low. Other is the inequality, most of the companies in the developed countries rely on the hourly wages paid to their employees. If those companies starts using AI, it leads to drastic cut-down on human work and AI driven companies will start making wealth.
Other is humanity, AI bots a becoming more popular these days, a bot named Eugen Goostman won turning challenge, where it fooled nearly half of the human raters by making them to think that they were talking to human being.
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Artificial Intelligence have the Potential to Take our Jobs
For many years people have been asking, “Is there going to be a huge advance in today’s technology that can potentially affect our future”? The answer is yes. Over the past ten years, there has been many technological advances that no one in the public society knows about (Smith). These advances are not just your average system/software update, but something huge like self-driving cars and cash-taking bots. We as a society need to worry about these advancements of artificial intelligence because the artificial intelligence have the potential to take our jobs, we won’t have any control over the machines, genetic diversity will be wiped out, and the AI’s can potentially be dangerous.
One of the many things that people are worried about with the advancement of artificial intelligence is the risk of losing their jobs. Two hundred years ago, over 70% of Americans lived and worked on farms. Today, fewer than 1% of Americans work on farms (Kelly). What caused this drastic change? Today, many farmers will run heavy machinery that will do the work for them just with the simple push of a few buttons. Instead of farmers hiring 100 workers to do the harvesting, the farmers will only hire 10 at the most, and that’s for a larger farm. That puts about 90 people out of work.
Not only are people worried about AI taking their jobs, but also, we will not have any control over these machines. Companies try and tell us differently, but in reality, humans will eventually lose control when the rise of AI strikes at full swing. These machines will be so advanced that they’ll be able to make their own decisions (Sakalle) without having any orders sent to them by humans. Let’s use self-driving cars as an example. These cars are controlled by AI. The AI makes the decision whether it should turn left or right at a four-way intersection with no help of a human operator.
Another thing that we will have to worry about with AI on the rise is that genetic diversity among humans will be wiped out. This is not a good thing whatsoever. We, as humans, are our own type of unique. With AI having the ability of coming in and taking jobs, this will take diversity out of major companies and businesses. The faces we are used to seeing will now be replaced by something we have never seen before.
Lastly, we should worry about the advancement of AI because they could potentially be dangerous. Research has shown that these bots won’t be able to show emotions such as love or hate, but there are worries that they could be dangerous if put into the wrong hands. For example, artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill could land in the possession of the wrong person and can cause horrific things(Tegmark). This could lead to an AI war due to humans not being able to take control and stop the machines.
There are many more reasons on why we, as the human race have to worry about the advancements of AI. We should, and continue to worry about the advancements of AI because they have the potential to take our jobs, we will have no control over these machines, genetic diversity will be wiped out, and the AI’s can potentially be dangerous.
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Machine Learning
I like solving real-world problems which involve a mix of conventional wisdom and out of the box thinking. I would like to place myself in a position of the Lead analyst, where I can hone my analytics skills to add some machine learning skills in my resume, solve the various type of analytics problems. I think I can play an important role of a cog in this wheel of marriage between Computer Science, Statistics and Artificial Intelligence better known as Machine Learning in today’s world. My long-term objective would be to achieve a Ph.D. in Analytics and try and implement whatever I have learned to solve complex real-world problems. This can be either in academics/research OR business/economics. I would like to inspire other people from my walk of life to achieve greater targets and overcome any hindrances which they may have in their path to glory and prosperity. After 7 years I would like to become a Data scientist, where I would be focusing on research in analytics.
Experiential learning opportunities will help us to get new experience in our relevant fields, we would be able to add more skills to my portfolio. It is like Students when they complete the graduation, they have the skills, they have the theoretical knowledge. But there is a gap between theoretical knowledge and practical implementation. I believe that Experiential learning opportunities remove that gap and hesitation that a student has when he is entering into professional work culture. A student can implement their technical knowledge like SAS, SQL, R, Python, Data Science Hackathons & Machine Learning in the practical environment.
Even Student can check what are the skills and strengths he/she has and can improve more. I feel that using this method of writing skills and strengths and weakness, Now I feel focused and I know which skills to be improved. I can put on the chart and develop and step by step method to learn them.
After login to SAIL opportunity, I feel that I would be able to add more skills to my resume, I want to do planning, networking, and time management to improve my professional skills. Sometimes I feel that I am putting lots of effort, but not getting results. Even I think Strategic thinking and critical thinking skills are also very important that would definitive help me in my career path. Using SAIL app, I can see what are my weakness and what are my strong area? Now I can focus on weakness and try to make it as my strong area. I would be able to make my resume and cover letter perfectly. Even I can compare SAIL with google maps, where a student wants to reach a particular destination From A to B(Here it means student wants to define career path where he/she want to reach). And SAIL guides you to reach towards your destination B. Student can improve his/her skills related with professional, Civic, Global, Well and intellectual. They can track their progress and Build a strong cover and Resume for their goals and Career.
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Artificial Intelligence Concept for Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka
Artificial intelligence is a part of computing science that aim to creating intelligent machines and programs. Try to mimic human consciousness and perform tasks such as human beings is the purpose of artificial intelligence. In practice it means the ability of a machine or program to think and learn. Generally, the term artificial intelligence means a machine or program that tries to emulate human consciousness. AI has become a significant part of the technology industry John Mac Carthy invented the word Artificial Intelligence when he held the first academic conference on the subject in the campus of Dartmouth College in 1956. There are several artificial intelligence techniques such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Genetic Algorithm have recently been employed with various architectures and properties
Face recognition, Automatic driving , industrial robots, Character recognition and automated sport journalism are all real-world enigmas being solved with applications of intelligence (AI.) Today AI applications focus on very narrow tasks, but together these AI-driven tasks are reshaping businesses, industries and markets as the technology becomes more sophisticated, the use of AI will continue to grow.
Tourism is a growing industry in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka has attracted investors and tourists to the island. And also the country's important placement also enables it to attract transit visitors into the island. Since that years, many beautiful resorts, hotels and spas have opened. Incorporating the diverse culture of the country, the various Tourist Establishments here offer visitors a unique, yet memorable experience to remember with.The boom of Hospitality industry has led to the development of tourism industry. Tourist accommodations in Sri Lanka consist of graded hotels, supplementary establishments, guest houses and limited scale camping sites. More informal accommodation is available on a paying guest system in private houses and hill-country tea estate bungalows.Hotel industry is a main part of tourism. When a hotel has more facilities with low cost it can attract customers. So our idea is to give rewards for regular customers who visit the hotel. For that we need to recognize whether he has visited the hotel before or not.
As a strategy of attracting tourists to the hotel, our idea is to give rewards for regular customers who visit the hotel. For that we have to recognize them. But we do not have a method for that. That is the problem we targeted to solve.Problems of the existing system are can use fake IDs and names, search to find details of the customer in order to get the rewards. Therefore we will develop a face recognition system using ANN to overcome this problems. In our system recognize customer, increase the efficiency, reliability and accuracy with the new technology.
Aartificial neural networks (ANN) were used largely for building intelligent computer systems. It is related to pattern recognition and image processing. The most popular ANN model is the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) .It can be trained using backpropagation training algorithm (BP). There are many literatures related to face recognition system which based on different approaches such as: Geometrical features; Eigenfaces; Template matching; Graph matching; and ANN approaches . The obtained recognition rates from these studies are different and based on: used approach; used database; and number of classes.
When we move on to our AI research we have applied Artificial intelligence concept for Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka.
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Lot of Jobs Will be Replaced by Machines
One of the most problems in our society is the lack of careers. It is difficult to find a job today and that is for many reasons. One of these reasons is the Automation. The automation term means the use of technology machines instead of people to do work (Oxford word power dictionary, 2018). This problem has a strong impact on the job market. In this research, I will explain why automation is a problem and I will give a short introduction about when it started and how. I am interested in this topic because people don't know the importance of this topic and I will raise the awareness of job seekers by giving them information about this topic.
People always look for making everything easier to use. Life was very difficult in the past. That made people create a lot of stuff to make their life easier. From that time the term of technology had begun. So what technology means? Technology is the study and use of science for practical purposes (Oxford Word Power Dictionary, 2018). Using technology makes people's life easier. People can do a lot of things without any troubles. In the past, the concept of technology was used just in the simple tools like the wrench in mechanical uses and scissors in the medical uses and so on. These tools were developed and improved for centuries.
Today technology exists in everything in our life. It is rare for you to be able to complete your day without using technology. Technology is used in many fields in our society like fields of work, industry, education, trade and medicine and so on. In this research, I will focus on the field of work and the impact of technology on the job market in Saudi Arabia. Absolutely using technology in the field of work has a strong impact on employment in Saudi Arabia.
In the past technology was just as an assistant to work, but today it has become a worker in itself and this is called the automation. That means there are a lot of jobs that will be replaced by machines. Technical progress will result in the elimination of many jobs in 2030 in Saudi Arabia and the rate of jobs that will be automated is about 41% (Makkah Newspaper, 2018). Over the next ten to 15 years, the adoption of automation and artificial intelligence technologies will transform the workplace as people increasingly interact with ever-smarter machines. These technologies and that human-machine interaction will bring numerous benefits in the form of higher productivity, growth, improved corporate performance and new prosperity, but they will also change the skills required of human workers (Mckinsey Institute, 2018). There are a lot of aspects of automation in our society and that will affect the Saudi job market and also have advantages and disadvantages.
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Deep Learning is an Artificial Intelligence Feature
In digital era recommendation became an integral part of business. Association rule mining augments the performance of recommendation system. But it still faces the challenge of data sparsity, cold start as well as recommendations to new user. Data sparsity arises due to limited reviews and ratings available to build a recommendation system. In this paper we propose deep learning to diminish the impact of these challenges. The Recurrent Neural Network extract features and contextual data from the recommendations. Results present the influence of RNN with contextual data on the recommendation models. This paper represents influence of the deep learning with contextual data on the recommendation models.
Recommendation system are subclass of information filtering system that make predictions based on the user’s interest of things. Recommendation system need large amount of data from users and training time. As the data size increases with time the sparsity of data increases. To reduce sparsity of data and drawing out same patterns repetitively from the same datasets only limited and essential data patterns must be stored in memory. Hence proposed system mainly focuses on the four components Data Preprocessing, Adding metadata and tags, Association rule mining and ranking, Deep learning and prediction.
Association rule is widely used for making recommendations. It uses the conditional probability of two mutually exclusive and independent events. Artificial neural network is used in various tasks such as prediction, classification, pattern recognition tasks.
Association Rule Minning(ARM)
As the name implies, association rule mining is where association rules are simple If-then statements that help discover relationships between independent transactions within a dataset or item set. Most machine learning algorithms tend to be mathematical because they operate on numeric data sets. However, association rule mining is suitable for non-numeric categorical data and requires less than a simple count. The purpose of association rule mining is to observe frequently occurring patterns, correlations or associations from datasets of different types of data resources.
Deep Learning(DL)
Deep learning is an artificial intelligence feature that processes data used for decision making and mimics the work of the human brain when creating patterns. Deep learning is a subset of machine learning in artificial intelligence (AI), with networks that can learn unsupervised from unstructured or unlabelled data. Deep learning systems require large amounts of data to produce accurate results. Therefore, the information is provided as a large dataset. When processing data, artificial neural networks can categorize the data with the answers received from a series of binary true or false questions that involve very complex mathematical calculations.
Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)
The Recurrent Neural Network remembers the past, and its decisions are influenced by learning from the past. Basic feedforward networks also 'remember' things, but remember what they learned during training. For example, an image classifier learns what a '1' looks like during training, and uses that knowledge to classify things in production. RNNs learn similarly during training, but also remember what they learned from previous inputs when generating outputs. It is part of the network. An RNN can take one or more input vectors and produce one or more output vectors, and the output is “hidden“ representing context based on a priori, as well as weights applied to inputs like a regular NN Is also affected by the state vector. Input Output. Therefore, the same input can produce different outputs depending on previous inputs in the series.
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Benefits of Artificial Intelligence
AI is used now in lot of fields which includes gaming, Finances, expert systems, vision systems, speech recognition, robots, Health care and lot more. Using AI, we can reduce the maximum errors that occurs in the process, Artificial intelligence helps us in reducing the error and the shot of achieving exactness with a more prominent level of accuracy is a probability. It is applied in various studies such as exploration of space. AI along with robotics can be used in the fuel exploring process. We are already in the stage where we use the artificial intelligence in our daily life, the virtual assistance in the phones like siri, hey google, cortana all come under AI. The GPS system that we use for the navigation also uses the AI to display the map of the location in your device.
AI brought revolution changes in health care sector like producing images in giving accurate results and it also brought changes in monitoring the patient health with advanced tools which are bases on internet interactions by which patient’s health can be monitored for 24 hours in a day. Ai is also used in some jobs and also suitable for medical applications. It is clear that humans are not the best in all the task there is larger possibility of making mistakes, by the use of AI there is a possibility of true benefits.
AI will let us to more interpersonal and creative aspects of work. AI also helps the software industry, it helps the companies to develop code. AI is arguably the most exciting field in robotics. It reduces the human work. There are also research going on the self-drive car using the artificial intelligence. The best part of the AI is that this work 24/7 there won't be any breaks, so it runs the business very effectively. AI techniques are used for the security for computers and the information and it also used in world of finances.
In the very near future all the daily applications will be filled with the help of AI, as discussed, the mobiles already started using the AI in them. Daniel B. Neill, “Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Hospital Inpatient Care”. C. Sampada,, et al, 'Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Intrusion Detection Systems', Proceedings: International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC?04),2004. S. Niekum, S. Osentoski, G. Konidaris, S. Chitta, B. Marthi, and A. G. Barto, “Learning grounded finite-state representations from unstructured demonstrations,” The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 131–157, 2015.
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Wide Range of Application
Artificial Intelligence has a wide range of applications from devices in our homes to large corporations. There was time when companies had thousands of workers, either working on the line are supervising large crews. Businesses would collect data and create data charts to illustrate the growth index of their products. Mechanics would check machinery weekly and sometimes even spent a long time tending to an unexpected breakdown. Yet, in today’s business world we see how artificial intelligence is assisting companies to be more efficient in these areas.
The corporate world is able to cut their overhead cost and enhance their margin of profit. Walmart uses an AI program known as HANA, that can develop data on a cloud platform and provide the specific departments information ranging from sales transactions to customer information. The HANA can analyze data, and spot trends as well as irregularities. This can all be done in a matter of seconds. This AI can make your business a smart business as it collects and deciphers the information.
Companies collapsed years ago due to not knowing their customers’ needs, but today AI can help the businesses. Apptus is a program that assist companies in connecting with their customers. The Apptus Esales solution is the program that invades your computer with popups based on the previous search on a product. It can determine the product that might appeal to the consumer. One online company Bokus.com uses this automated system and it has reduced their overhead. AI predictive programs are evolving and will continue to mainly assist online businesses.
Sometimes workers were sent home early due to a line shutting down because a machine broke down. Today businesses can be more proactive and correct a problem before it effects their profit. Today’s machines have sensors, so they can be digitized, monitored for maintenance, and assessed through networks. General Electric uses a program known as Predix operating system, which powers industrial apps to process the historic performance data of equipment. This operating system can handle vast amounts of information. Our pipelines are monitored using Accenture’s Intelligent Pipeline Solution, and it manages safety of the lines and how resources are used. Aircrafts operators use apps to provide the airline engineers the prognostics of the landing gear to ensure it is maintained. These AI safety measures provide companies an opportunity to keep maintenance overhead cost down.
In conclusion, Artificial Intelligence provides businesses with a wide range of application. The business profits from utilizing AI, it may be used in collecting data, predicting consumers’ needs, or providing safety in machinery. Technology may be blamed to the shift in our workforce or even taking away jobs. However, we cannot turn back the clock, so as AI continues to improve it provides an infinite realm of application. AI can be found in many places from our homes to the corporate world, the AI presented in this paper are just a few ways businesses use artificial intelligence.
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Technological Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
Oncologists are faced with the hard-hitting battle of fighting a disease that not only mutates, but replicates itself, sometimes faster than the eye can see. Here is where artificial intelligence (AI) takes the spotlight and could possibly change not only the treatment path of cancer, but also the prevention of this catastrophic disease.
Artificial intelligence, also known as machine intelligence, is an area of computer science that emphasizes in the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Cancer is a ruthless beast that mutates and changes the scenario before you get to the surrounding issues. Scientists and technologists together are seeing hope though in the technological advancement of artificial intelligence. “AI today can truly increase human activity, taking over tasks that range from medical imaging
to risk analysis to diagnosing health conditions,” according to a recent report by Accenture. A computer’s hard drive can serve as a blueprint of sorts to more accurately and efficiently analyze medical data. For instance, if a patient presents with abnormal skin cells, a computerized analysis of the cells would allow for a quicker diagnosis in most cases sooner than a medical professional could. Another example would be if a patient was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) verses acute
myeloid leukemia (AML). Often, the difference in the two is the timeline of the diagnosis. If artificial intelligence offered a quicker diagnosis, the life expectancy of a person could drastically increase. Most oncologist agree that a quicker diagnosis often results in a more positive prognosis. Furthermore, an operating system of a computer (AI) would leave the educated human brain in the dust. In addition, studies have shown that a computer can analyze with an accuracy rate of ninety-five
percent, in comparison to the eighty-six percent of an average doctor. Therefore, you are able to see the cumulative benefit of not only quicker results, but also more accurate results.
In the early months of 2018, Microsoft launched Healthcare NExT, a new program that strives to use artificial intelligence, and the expertise of its industry partners in order to provide people with healthier lives and possible cures for tragic diseases. A group of researchers revealed their work in progress to develop a computer system that would live inside human cells and restart the system if cancer cells were detected, resulting in the cleaning out the abnormal cells. Other projects included
using machine learning to improve tumor scanning, to better organize patient data, and to discover more efficient treatments. “It’s a big challenge,” said Peter Lee, Corporate Vice President at Microsoft Research. “But we believe technology – specifically the cloud, artificial intelligence and collaboration and business optimization tools – will be central to health care transformation.” Education is the most powerful tool in the world. When the scientific knowledge of the best doctors around and
Microsoft combine, you get the best of both worlds.
In conclusion, with the expertise of Microsoft, scientific knowledge of world-renowned oncologists, and the use of AI, curing the most devastating and dreaded disease in the world is one step closer to becoming a reality.
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Robots Can be Identical to Humans
Picard takes the stance that a robot who is his friend (Data) is a person and the robot should thus be able to make decisions as a real person does. Picard’s apparent view of the mind and body problem is that the mind and the body are joined meaning they are not separate. Picard considers Data to be a person because of the way he thinks. Picard also thinks that Data is a thought process that resembles that of humans since humans have the same mental process. Like humans, Data also has a brain that is responsible for making mental thoughts. And finally, just like every other human, Data’s brain has a self-operating computer (Hasker, p.70).
Maddox’s apparent view of the mind/body problem is different from that of Picard, and perhaps this is the reason as to why the two have a clash. Maddox’s view is that the body and the mind have a nature that is dualistic. That is, humans have the mind and the brain (Hasker, 66). According to Maddox, this is how humans are made and formed. Maddox ultimate stance is that humans have a dualistic nature while Data being a machine has only the brain but lacks the mind “Dualism begins by taking quite seriously the fact that human beings have both physical properties and mental properties” (Hasker, p.65). Scientific discoveries have come a long way, and some people think that tech experts have the potential to transform the world. When it comes to Artificial Intelligence, even though the change and progress are small and slow, there seem to be positive changes. However, what seems to be less plausible about Artificial Intelligence is the moral and emotional lives of robots. For instance, Data in Star Trek seems to be emotionally empty, and thus it is unrealistic that robots can be identical to humans.
In humans the three that is, emotion, ethics and intelligence travel together meaning they are not genuinely possible without the others. Even though fictional writers portray them and treat them as separate. As a result, the Artificial Intelligence portrayed in this story sounds less plausible considering the progress of major Artificial Intelligence progress had been slow in recent days. Maddox claims are right since a machine can have a brain like that of humans, but then again it cannot have a mind like that of humans. This, therefore, means that a machine cannot have emotions and feelings thus it must to be devoid. According to Maddox, Picard was irrational and emotional. But when one analyses this view from a different perspective one is able to see although Picard was emotional, he was not irrational. This is because Picard made a rational argument concerning Data’s right as a person. In fact, Maddox can be considered irrational as he failed to recognize the possibility that Data might have been a person immediately he met Data. Just as Maddox claims that robots do not have souls and hence they cannot be murdered, there will be no obligation to treat machines ethically. To answer the Judge’s question, one might consider the creation process and determine what constitutes a soul. Since robots do not have souls and human beings will not be obligated to treat machines ethically, based on these claims I do not agree with the Judge’s decision.
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Quantitative Methodology with Artificial Intelligence
In digital forensics, process analysis and examination phases are the two most crucial stages. Compounds, volume, diversity, and interconnection across content are the essential challenges associated with these two stages of working with big data. For massive amounts of data, most of the current forensic tools take a comparatively longer time, and the evidence identification is not appropriate in cases where more than one resource is incorporated with a single case (Mohammed, Clarke & Fu). So This paper is based on a quantitative methodology to investigate the solutions for digital forensic analysis of diversity data using Artificial Intelligence.
Literature Review:
Correlation of evidence has been approached already as follows:
In a criminal examination, case-importance would be the property of any snippet of data, which is utilized to quantify its capacity to answer the insightful such as 'when, what, who, where, how' and why inquiries in a criminal examination. The degrees of significance denned by their work go from Absolutely Irrelevant to Probably Case-Relevant (Gong, Chan, & Gaertner, 2005). So the further enhancements like someone physically reviewing the convicts solved by this method should be addressable.
The case for Distributed Digital Forensics and present a couple of circumstances where the lawful work can't be played out any more drawn out on single workstation. They also propose a flowed structure and some display results that show the upsides of the passed on approach, which would, in like manner, enable logically present-day examination systems. However, the tool used doesn't employ the process distribution (Ganesh, 2017).
Data Collection Methods:
The tools we used in this approach are such as MultiAgent Digital Investigation Toolkit (MADIK). This is an intelligent tool that uses CBR to find suitable agents to find the evidence. This uses some of the state department frameworks like JADE. Data from different agencies from the blackboard examples are used to gather the data in this paper. We have also measured our variables from the real-time investigation data from various agencies, which consist of HashSet examinations (Ganesh, 2017 ).
The methodology we addressed in the paper has experimented over more massive and real-time data sets. The appraisal of these affirmations by the structure took around two hours using one machine. The time required by two human investigators to play out an equivalent examination was of about 24 hours. This time doesn't consider the time needed for the quantifiable contraptions to recover leftovers, generate thumbnails, or learn hashes (Ganesh, 2017 ). As mentioned above, we have experimented with this design and the tools for two real-time investigation approaches and found the correlated data, which helped to find the evidence and analyze the information efficiently in a faster method.
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Development of Artificial Intelligence
Although no official statement was issued following the Trump-Putin summit in Helsinki in 2018. However, subsequent interviews and press conferences by the two leaders and their spokesmen have unleashed some of the salient discussions and agreements between two states. Details are given as under:
Economic relations
In response to the sanctions imposed by the US, Russian president Vladimir Putin has clarified that the sanctions pose no threat to Russian economy as US trade in Russian market is very less as compared to the EU. Putin hoped that business voices will call for sanctions to be lifted.
Crimea and Ukraine
The dispute between Ukraine and Russia on the separation of Crimea was the major reasons for the sanctions on Russia. Both the leaders did not agree on a resolution on the fate of Crimea as Russia’s stance is that Crimean voted in a referendum to return to Russia. Whereas, the US opinion favours Ukraine.
Syria
Both leaders agreed to bring a solution to Syrian conflict. Putin emphasized on the need to crush terrorists in south-west Syria while keeping the forces of Syria and Israel separated and Trump wanted an agreement that keeps Iranian backed militia at a fixed distance from the Israeli border creating safety for Israel. Both leaders also agreed to help in reconstruction of Syria on humanitarian basis.
Nuclear Talks
Both leaders also agreed on the extension of the ‘Start treaty’ that expires in 2021, and negotiations on the ‘Intermediate Nuclear Treaty, 1987’ that banned all US and Russian ground-launched missiles of intermediate range.
US - CHINA TRADE WAR
With all of the new digital and Industrial revolution technologies coming up at the same time, a new race for global technological supremacy is heating up. The two leading contestants in this race are the United States and China. While the United States has led the world in technological innovation for many decades, China is fast closing this gap. From national strategies to foster the development of Artificial Intelligence and other key technologies to recruiting top technology talent from around the world, Beijing seems committed to becoming the world’s new technological superpower.
China is changing its growth strategy from a labor-intensive and export-driven economy to a consumption-driven economy by industrial upgrading driven by innovation and technology. Which is helping it to compete against the US on technology rather than labor-intensive products.
The change in the trade strategy is not welcomed by the US in the short term as it has made China a competitor. As a result US changed its trade policy towards China from cooperation to competition by all means. Imposition of sanctions on China is a part of it. This trade competition has now turned into a “trade war” in which both the parties are trying to control major share of international trade. US blames China’s corporations take advantage of its open markets, while China keeps its own markets closed to US products. This unfair competition results in factory closures and job losses in US Industries.
In the long run, China and US may reach a new settlement of the issue, but it will take time and need efforts from both sides. Meanwhile, tensions between the two countries could further unsettle financial markets of the world and small economies may suffer during this unannounced trade war.
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