Month: February 2022
Political Performance Art and Voter Apathy
Political theatre and performance art have been around for centuries and have the profound ability to affect audiences’ political attitudes and opinions on social issues. In this paper, the effects of political theatre on the social issue of voter apathy are explored. Historical connections are examined, and associations are made between popular media communication and political theatre. The topic of how political theatre can be used for activism, tying into voter apathy specifically, is examined.
Keywords: political theatre, epic theatre, propaganda, voter apathy ?
Changing the World Through Artistic Activism
From the times of the early Greeks and Romans, theatre and performance art has been deeply rooted in sociological and political happenings. A large amount of the intention of this political based theatre was to address major social issues of the time. After all, how can you begin fix the government when seemingly everyone has busied themselves thinking about anything but politics? Voter apathy is a major issue plaguing American politics. Voter apathy refers to the general disassociation of eligible voters from their countries’ political atmosphere which results in a lowered rate of voter turnout to polls. Although some may believe that drama has lost its ability to affect society, political theatre has the power to stimulate changes in audience attitudes, which can ultimately lead to positive impacts on social issues, such as voter apathy.
This paper aims to explore what constitutes effective political theatre and comedy and how political theatre and performance art can impact the feelings, opinions, and emotions of audience members. The issue of political theatre’s effect on voter apathy is a complex issue because information is needed from a number of different disciplines in order to understand the problem as a whole. Disciplines such as psychology, sociology, theatre, communications, and political science have been the most helpful in gaining insight on the issue.
There has been a lot of debate about whether or not political theatre is helpful or effective in regard to sociopolitical climate. However, there has been no substantial research done on the ability of theatre to directly affect voter turnout and apathy. The goal of this paper is not to provide surefire answers on the subject, but rather to explore what power political theatre may have over the minds of its audiences and its connection to voter apathy.
Background
To understand how theatre could affect social issues such as voter apathy, one must closely look at political theatre and political performance art’s trends in society. Political performance art can be seen throughout centuries in many different countries. In some countries, political performance art was used by the majority in order to persuade the minority into compliance, and in other countries, it has been used as a tool for the oppressed to find solidarity within each other.
For example, during the World War II era, Nazi Germany was infamous for its anti-Semitic propaganda. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (2018), during this time, Dr. Joseph Goebbels, director of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, seized all forms of public communication, including newspapers, magazines, books, public meetings, rallies, art, music, movies, and radio, that he found to be in any way distressing or threatening to Nazi philosophies (1). Any messages that were not exactly in ordinance with Nazi ideals were completely banned from media. Censorship like this affects audiences’ breadth of knowledge of their world, which in turn has the ability to slant their views and beliefs to whatever the people in charge of controlling the media want them to think. This type of censorship can often be observed in countries with a dictatorial form of government, such as present-day North Korea.
In another scenario, Bertolt Brecht, a German playwright during the last years of the Weimar Republic, used a style of theatre that he called “epic theatre” which is used in contrast to dramatic theatre. If dramatic theatre has the ultimate goal of drawing the audience in and using their capacity for action, Brecht’s epic theatre, also called “instructive theatre,” had the goal of soliciting the audience’s capacity for action (Bracco 2011). Brecht’s theatre operated on the belief that theatre should not cause the audience to emotionally experience the characters and story, but should instead provoke a rational and intellectual assessment of what appears on stage.
Some of his most famous plays include Mother Courage and Her Children and Saint Joan of the Stockyards which both critique social institutions of their time. Mother Courage and Her Children was heavily focused on challenging the institution of war mongering. Saint Joan of the Stockyards challenges capitalist ideals, such as the wealthy benefiting at the expense of the poor. His plays really made the audiences have an intellectual response to what was being presented, which he hoped would prompt them to seek out change in their world.
Around the world, theatre and the arts have also been used to provide solidarity among oppressed groups. In Zimbabwe, freedom fighters and the masses would host pungwe gatherings, which were all-night community gatherings for entertainment and education about their struggle for independence (Matiza 2015). The sense of togetherness and a collective determination was made apparent through music, dance and theatre and helped to inspire everyone to keep fighting for their goal. Theatre and the arts have the ability to transcend individuality and help people unite towards a common goal.
The Effects of Political Theatre
After researching the issue of modern political performance in America, two main categories have been discovered: political performance influencing audiences how to vote and political performance influencing audiences to vote. The category of influencing audiences how to vote includes any kind of performance containing propaganda for or against any campaigning party. Political performance influencing audiences to vote includes any performance that aims to upset, disrupt, or enlighten audiences’ views about their country and political environment, which, in turn, leads them to an ultimately intellectual response that prompts an internal inquiry or change in attitude or mindset.
Political performance in America can be observed almost constantly in media. For example, popular television programs such as Saturday Night Live and The Colbert Report have been influential in the political climate of the Unites States. Becker (2012), a communications professor at Towson University who often studies the effects of political entertainment, noticed that parody-driven late-night comedy shows are commonly used as platforms by political candidates to engage in self-satire. This often aids them in representing themselves in a more human way. For example, Al Gore and George Bush appeared as characters on a Saturday Night Live skit series called “Presidential Bash 2000,” during which the actors portraying them nailed their impersonations and were able to joke about the other and themselves during the mock debate. The actors effectively made the candidates appear more easygoing by humorously impersonating them.
Former presidential candidate John McCain appeared on Saturday Night Live during his candidacy, making fun of his own campaign in a sketch with Tina Fey portraying his running mate, Sarah Palin. Becker (2012) said “McCain managed to make fun of his age, his sinking campaign operation, his maverick style, and his choice of Palin as his running mate all in one short skit” (794). Donald Trump also hosted Saturday Night Live during his campaign. By participating in Saturday Night Live sketches, Trump was able to detach himself from whatever popular story was running about him at the time and just be himself, a real person, who can take a joke and laugh at himself, on television. This is usually not an easy feat to accomplish for people who are constantly in the media’s spotlight, but comedy television provides a convenient platform for that kind of undertaking.
On The Colbert Report, Stephen Colbert hosts a satirical late-night show in which he takes on the persona of a conservative republican and addresses Democratic politicians and their media. Colbert’s satire is different than other popular television programs because if one were to watch his show from an outside perspective, one might not be able to immediately tell that he was mocking the people or institution he’s talking about. His dead-pan humor is riveting and allows him to captivate audiences’ attention while speaking his truth. Some of the most popular segments on The Colbert Report include “Better Know a District” and “The World,” which mimic and parody real news programs.
Becker (2012) outlines the key principles of satire as aggression, judgement, play and laughter, and a critical viewpoint on reality (795). In order for political satire to be effective, it should incorporate all of these elements. These features are what makes political comedy and parody funny to audiences. Bailey (2018) found that news parody television programming is becoming an increasingly popular source of news for younger citizens and is even beginning to compete with mainstream news channels. They said that news parody “encapsulates a search for truth and meaning in a time when populations have grown increasingly suspicious that traditional discourses no longer suffice” (203). Frequent media hyperbole and deception has caused news parody to often perform a “watchdog” role in politics, often exposing major media outlets’ trickery. Political news parody and satire have the ability to solicit the type of critical, integrative thought processes that citizens need in order to fully understand the political situations of the present. In these satirical programs, interpretation is left up to the audience. There may be an explicitly portrayed message, but ultimately, it is the responsibility of the viewers to take away substantial meaning.
Artistic Activism
Theatre and the arts provide a platform for people to express ideas, especially ideas about the social environment of their world and their embodied experiences. Political theatre presents an opportunity for audience and actors alike to participate in an emotional and intellectual journey together.
Some types of political performance may be considered less audience friendly than other types of political theatre, such as the recent run of the Broadway play 1984, which was based on George Orwell’s groundbreaking novel. Robert Icke and Duncan Macmillan’s production of 1984 was a highly controversial adaptation that aimed to make a political statement by shocking audiences and by making them physically and emotionally uncomfortable. Andrews (2017) said that audience members fainted, vomited, fought, screamed, and even walked out during performances. The performing actors sustained very real injuries while working on the production. One critic described the production as “torture porn,” another as a “grim, sphincter-clenching sit” (1).
From a theatrical viewpoint, the directors could not have made the decision on a whim to feature something like that in their production. Icke and Macmillan had to have made a conscious decision to include such upsetting themes and imagery. This could have been done in order to solicit a visceral reaction from audience member and to create unrest in their minds, so much that it triggers an intellectual response, which then can create a change in attitude. Alongside 1984, other productions, such as a New York production of Julius Caesar and the Tony award-winning Hamilton, have also been a part of national conversation.
Recently, Salisbury University produced an adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice’s Jesus Christ Superstar. This production was heavily focused on and drew most of its inspiration from the occupy wall street movement. The show featured projections of live footage and images from the protests and included allusions and references to highly relevant political territory, such as the ongoing issue of the 1% versus everybody else. Political theatre is happening everywhere and is becoming more and more prevalent, especially within younger generations, as a result of heightening tensions in the country’s sociopolitical atmosphere.
As a final push, after all of the emotional and intellectual turbulence, some theatres have started setting up voter registration tables after performances to inspire people to go vote and make a difference (Gaines 2016). Some theatres are even beginning to register as polling places to promote civic engagement. The logic makes perfect sense: if you don’t like what you see, go fix it. Art imitates life, and life imitates art. Bracco (2011) noted:
While politicians use factual narratives to invoke emotion and accentuate their points, playwrights use inventive stories to push audiences outside their comfort zones. Politics is so much a part of the way we experience our lives—from the communities we live in to the food we eat, to the way we are educated, and to the resources we do or don’t have access to. It only makes sense that the stories onstage reflect these realities. [Directors] are choosing to create and present stories that ask tough questions about the world around us. By doing so, they are serving their communities (1).
Theatre has the ability to speak across the great divide. As people laugh and cry together, they are transformed. The emotional and intellectual journeys that audiences are taken on is a powerful experience that is unlike any other. Renowned scholar Brueggemann (1989) said that poetic language, such as that of comedy and theatre, is a powerful subversive language for speaking truth to power.
A study by Bryan (2008) supports the notion that theatre has the ability to change audiences’ and participants’ attitudes about social issues. Bryan began teaching an Introduction to Theatre Class at the university level and found that many students were exhibiting high levels of apathy and ignorance about social issues in their world. The students were split up into groups and were tasked with writing a short play focused on a social issue of their choosing. By the end of the semester, almost all of the students exhibited more awareness and sensitivity toward social issues. By making students confront their own preconceptions and limited experience of the world, their perspectives on hot-ticket issues were affected.
Political theatre and performance art inspire visceral emotions from audience members, which helps them realize intellectually that there is something wrong their world. The heightened level of emotion can be so intense that it triggers an intellectual response, which then can create a change in attitude, and a change in action. Theatre has the power to positively impact social issues, such as the issue of voter apathy.
Conclusion
From countries all around the world, to the United States, to present day Salisbury University, political theatre and performance art is an important tool for heightening political association. Although some, such as John McGrath, founder of the Scottish popular theatre company, may believe that political theatre could never actually be the cause of social change, it still remains a viable and effective tool for people to use to cultivate a unity, a collective determination for change (Jenkins 2011). By presenting audiences with thoughtful interpretations, potent political thoughts and imagery, and intellectually and emotionally captivating performances, political theatre has the power to unhinge the masses and inspire change. More research should be done by disciplinarians in the fields of communication, theatre, and political science in order to gain more understanding of the complex connection between political performance art and voter apathy.
Cite this page
Political Performance Art and Voter Apathy. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Feminism Today what is it Striving for
Feminism today stands as a movement of change, specifically targeted at men and a male-dominated society. Feminism seeks to alter the status quo and rearrange the system of patriarchy. The feminist movement seeks to change. Change is something humans are programmed to fear. In this case, the fear comes from the man, who finds that the switching of traditional roles and systems, may create a loss of status, and have undesirable outcomes. The system that is in place today is patriarchal. The system of men on top and women below them has been the norm for most of human history. During the dawn of modern agriculture, the invention of the plow required “significant upper-body strength, grip strength, and bursts of power to either pull the plow or control the animal that pulls it” (Giuliano, Gender: An Historical Perspective).
This was less than compatible with childcare, so women left the fields to care for their children. Pre-Industrially, there was the “male-breadwinner hypothesis,” with men working full-time and women dedicating themselves to housework (Giuliano, Gender: An Historical Perspective). This system was normal until the 1940s through 1960s, when women began to take on work outside the home. Today, women are still behind in leadership positions in business and government. They make up about 5% of Fortune 500 companies CEOs in 2017, and only 47% of the US labor force. (Geiger and Parker, Pew Research Center). This is shifting, however. Women’s median pay per hour was $16.00 in 2016, increasing from $12.48. Men’s median pay has stagnated and has remained at around $19.23. (Geiger and Parker, Pew Research Center).
Women’s median pay is increasing because they have been working in more lucrative positions. Women have also made strides in education. Women are more likely to have a college degree today “In 2017, 38% of (these) women and 33% of men had a bachelor’s degree” (Geiger and Parker, Pew Research Center). This change in women’s roles is what is making men fearful of the feminist movement. All humans are biologically inclined to fear change. In this case, the man fears change that the woman is putting on the traditional system. This does not apply to all men, but a select few may deem these changes radical. Only about half of men actually believe that there are not enough women in higher positions. (Horowitz, Igielnik, Parker, Pew Research Center). There is a sense of ideological defensiveness. “Social validation, group support, or peer pressure” (Jost, NYU) are all things that make humans resist change. In this case, men may be socialized through social validation and peer pressure to have the opinion that women are below men, thus making that idea concrete in their mindset.
This may be even more prevalent in conservative ideologies, that do not promote the changing of traditional systems. That social validation may also cause men to not support the change promoted by feminism purley because of rejection. Men may also be rejecting the change brought on by feminism because of sources they deem “credible, trustworthy, powerful, attractive, expert, and similar to themselves” (Jost, NYU). Men and women may feel these sources, even if highly biased, hold truth and logic. With sources to back up their arguments, and support for those arguments, men may be unwilling to accept change. “people resist change when it is advocated by those whom they regard as untrustworthy, unattractive, or dissimilar.” (Jost, NYU)
Cite this page
Feminism Today What Is It Striving For. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Three Waves of Feminism Focus on the Role of Women in Society
The women’s movement was a socially diverse movement, that sought out equal rights, opportunities, and greater personal freedom for women. There are three waves of feminism that focus on women's roles in society. The first wave of the late 19th century and early 20th centuries aimed attention on women's legal rights for equal opportunities, education, employment, and owning property. The 19th amendment was the monumental parliamentary triumph of the first wave. The second wave of feminism of the 1960s-1980s shifted its focus on not just political equality but on social equality. These feminists would appeal that the problems appeared to be ‘narrow-minded’ about subject matters such as- sex, relationships, preception around domestic violence, as well as incorporating new abortion laws- which indicated political and fundamental values that enforced fighting for women's equality.
In addition, this wave of feminism geared to prohibit marital rape and allow shelters to be assembled for women escaping domestic violence and rape. The third wave of feminism gravitated to combat the battle of workplace sexual harassment and gain expansion in the number of women in higher positions of power. Furthermore, these feminist waves introduced a historical step regarding, the impact of violence against women in the criminal justice system. This reform in our history created a transition for women, which indicated a social change known as the Me Too movement. #MeToo was founded by Tarana Burke in 2006 to promote empowerment through the empathy of women of color who have been sexually abused. However, this movement didn't get recognition until 2017, in the Weinstein trial case. This trial was a milestone for #MeToo that allowed sexual violence survivors to become more vocalized in sharing their encounters with sexual abuse, in addition to becoming emboldened to pursue justice.
The Weinstein trial is an indication that the systems are coming together to address the problem instead of just supporting it. Although this movement has gained recognition over the past two years, there is still uncertainty to declare whether this campaign will form an abiding impact on the policy, law, and the criminal justice system. Sexual harassment and abuse is not due to controversies of an entity's behavior, but instead, a problem of systems and culture that requires the public to come together and support these individuals. This movement thoroughly reshaped the way people think of women, sex, and power. There have been allegations that there is a new women's movement that is progressing very well for women and men. Women are becoming more involved politically and powerful predators are being trialed more. In addition to this, movement, men are becoming more vocalized in sharing their sexual harassment stories and supporting the movement overall. Women still continue to fight and pursue justice against the superior male in sexual abuse cases.
Cite this page
Three Waves of Feminism Focus On the Role of Women in Society. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
What is Feminism and its Manifestation in Creativity
In the article, “You've Got The Wrong Song: Nashville and Country Music Feminism”, Claire Stanford contrasted between musicians who represented themselves as feminists and who have portrayed femininity. Stanford expresses that feminism and femininity are often misunderstood (276), but she draws the line between these two ambiguous words. Stanford mentions that among all the female-driven television shows, Nashville fasciated her most through the way they represented these women, how they represented themselves, and the respect they earned. Instead of the “same soapy female trope”(282), this television show represents female image and power in a male-dominated industry. While analyzing this complex terminology, Stanford questions “Can a show that is so ostensibly interested in the “feminine” — in sexual and romantic relationships, in motherhood and daughterhood, in short skirts and spangly tops and big hair — also be feminist?” (277).
When many people hear the word “feminism,” they shudder and imagine protesters who despise men. Unfortunately, throughout time feminist ideology has adapted to mean many different things, which makes it confusing to determine what feminism actually is. The meaning of the word “Feminism” in Stanfords work is almost unmistakable. She explains that these two Nashville artists, Rayna James and Juliette Barnes, have created one of the most feminist television shows by showing the struggles of female artists while also succeeding in a male dominated industry. Though the artists were battling for the spotlight, the show treated them with sophistication and dignity, making it very clear that its a “professional rivalry” (280). Even though both of these women have their own personal challenges in the industry and at home, they stand up tall, fight and strive to succeed. All though, Stanford is straightforward with his understanding of the word “Feminism”, anyone that has had different experiences or knowledge on the topic could completely change the message and ultimate connotation of the writing. When Stanford analyzes the song’s some country singers wrote, for example “Stand By Your Man” by Tammy Wynette, whereas in this song could confuse the reader by thinking that women think all men are liars, cheaters, gamblers and drinkers. Wynette advises women to look out for their man while he’s off having good times without you, and to accept him even though he makes these silly mistakes just because “he’s a man”. This could guide some people to believe that feminism isn’t about equality, but that men are the general issue.
If you closely analyze the word feminism and the endless ideas, and interpretations of the word, the word itself starts to fall apart and it holds no stable meaning. Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher best known for developing “Deconstruction”, has given the world an approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. Feminism can be interpreted in many ways, but some forms of feminism have been harmful in that they have built an ideological foundation that is anti-male. If we look at some protesters signs, shirts, and listen to what they have to say, we often find that they abandon the core meaning of feminism and what they’re really advocating for, and lock onto the obliteration of the power and accountability of men. These women are not feminists, but they align themselves with a movement filled with thousands of other women whose purpose is to empower women as well as advocate for equal rights among both sexes. Nowadays, with access to social media websites and feminism being a highly controversial topic, it’s almost impossible to look through your feed and not see a comment or post regarding feminism and how men are the core issue in today’s society, “I am tired of feminists stating they’re not anti-men. It’s the year 2018 for f*ck’s sake. Nobody who walks upright thinks that women who want equal rights hate men or that POC who insist on civil rights hate white people. If they do they’re not worth your time.”, a tweet made by Lexie Alexander. Social-media users are easily entertained and will most likely believe anything they scroll past, even if it’s just one simple comment they will always associate it with feminism.
Feminism isn’t about fighting men, but it is about eliminating patriarchy while learning and practicing equality. While some women are using the power of feminism to bash men, it just makes their own accountability diminish. Some women have even gone so far to obstruct the use of shelters for men who have suffered from domestic abuse, that alone is an extreme example of feminist who disregard true equality for personal beliefs. Everyone has a different view on the movement and people will often only acknowledge the women who suffer from the abuse simply just because “they’re women”. On Reddit, an anonymous user even scoffs and belittles the idea alone for a men’s domestic abuse shelter while completely ignoring the physical and mental abuse that goes on between both men and women. She specifically targets men and even went as far to say “It's laughable to believe that a woman can create the same kind of hell that men can” (para 1) and goes on to say, “I think what men going through, is some extremely light, fluffy s*it when compared” (para 1). When she brushes aside and even shoots down the whole idea of men suffering from abuse she is silencing all men who truly suffer. The post itself and the comments below were so rigorous that the discussion had to be deleted from the page.
Even Catherine Comins, a well known feminist leader made a statement bashing all men, “Men who are unjustly accused of rape can sometimes gain from the experience” said Comins, when she completely justified the false rape accusations made upon men and believes that men who are tried as innocent deserve the accusation and outcome of rape allegations. Women are also subjecting all men to the mistakes made by the guilty which in turn, imprisons all men to be set under a political and social microscope made of stereotypes and hateful words. Making these allegations towards all men are only teaching men discrimination and hatred. Some women are missing the whole point of feminism and defeating the whole purpose of empowering one another, instead they are seeking to exceed expectations and be dominant over men completely. Spreading hatred towards men doesn’t accomplish anything, especially if what were ultimately searching for is equality, we are just teaching people that feminism is more of a huge group of women fighting against men which will only make people care less about the women's movement. For example, Do?a U, a journalist said “even though 82% of both men and women believe that the two genders should have equal rights, only 23% of women and 16% of men consider themselves to be feminists. This proves that feminism no longer carries the meaning it did decades ago”(para 4). With displaying no true goal of feminism through these beliefs many people often don't respect these beliefs and disregard their true objective of feminism because many women are marching with a crowd that's searching for equality while representing hatred against men.
Derrida persistently believed that a text could hold endless possibilities at the same time. Deconstruction is to show that the use of language in a text and language as a whole, are complex and unstable. Derrida discusses that deconstructing language is not just about exploring different meanings and interpretations of a text but “its about peeling back the onion of all those covert ethical and political ideas sneaking around those meanings” (para 4). If we look back on the past few decades, women have been advocating for their civil rights since the 1830’s, but the second and third waves of feminism involving overcoming the great difference between male and female pay and the reproductive rights of women not only changed the lives of women drastically, but also shifting the gender normalities and gave women a valuable role in society that nobody ever thought we’d have. Over time as women fight for equality, the change in gender roles are significant and have created confusion regarding the permissible dynamics between the sexes. Nowadays, it’s nerve racking for people to trust their common impulses, rather they try to stick to new 'women's activist' rules since individuals are frightful of being blamed for being 'sexist' or “tools of patriarchy“. Questions like, 'Am I allowed to compliment my female friend about her lovely dress or would this be viewed as provocation?' or 'Would she be able to compliment me on how handsome I look in my new suit or would she generalize me as man meat?' emerge in almost every experience between individuals who essentially are trying to be respectful or nice. These certain gestures that used to be normalized are now taken offensively, and dating is a prime example of this.
On a date, notice where the waiter places the check. It automatically goes to the male because that is what is usually expected. These gestures we used to find normal keep occurring, but women are now starting to feel underappreciated and viewed as less in parts of society because they are seen to play such a minimal role when they’re with men. Almost immediately after birth, both men and women are forced into this little box filled with social pressures and expectations you have too meet which can lead people to feel afraid to step out of that box, especially because that’s all we have ever been taught. These expectations force people to change who they are and shames them if they don’t. Trying to change or not accepting one’s personality only creates someone to feel out of touch with themself, making them to feel like they don't know where they belong or who to surround themselves with. Girls are supposedly more nurturing and family orientated while boys are more individualistic and reveal more leadership qualities. Girls are handed dolls and tea sets while boys are given plastic tools and books. What if we did the opposite? If we stopped socializing children into distinct gender roles, I’m convinced that gender roles would disappear. Gender roles are not something that just comes natural, but they’re socially constructed. The impact that gender appropriation has on society is so strong that it affects almost every part an individual's life. As a child growing up, individuals begin to understand what is acceptable for them to do in relation of their sex. Eventually these societal shaped views affect how an individual decides to make choices throughout their life. From career choices, to appropriate sports and activities, gender identification can affect and in some ways limit or determine what an individual can or can not do.
When in the process of deconstruction, it’s important to analyze words and sentences to identify deeply rooted biases and call into question familiar interpretations. Many people believe that deconstruction is about destroying meaning of something. But the meaning of the process is deeper than that, it’s about breaking down established assumptions to view things in a different light. Feminism has given the world a whole new outlook and for most people, this movement can be overwhelming and intimidating because people are being forced to eliminate the idea of gender roles, masculinity and femininity, and come together as one and share these roles. This idea makes some people feel intimidated by women, because in the past, men only had to compete with half of humanity for most jobs. Now, they have to compete with all of humanity. In some families and relationships, men were the ultimate decision makers. Now, they have to share power and decision-making. In other words, some men are afraid of feminism because it challenges forms of men’s power and privilege. Even though the change is difficult, its proven that men can gain so much from feminism. Men have always been told to stand strong, show zero emotions, be dominant and powerful, but imagine the relief from eliminating social pressures and teaching this generation to put aside these normal roles and practice equality. Viren Swami, Debbi Stanistreet and Sarah Payne conducted a study on masculinity and mental health, this study discusses how the male suicide is on the rise, and “it has increased 24% in the last 15 years”, “most studies mention the construction of masculinity and the expectations on men to behave in a certain way as a factor. The pressure to appear strong, to be the providers, to feel that it would be “unmanly” to seek help in times of stress… this is very detrimental to one’s mental health. Human beings benefit from expressing their feelings and seeking comfort and connection”. Gender stereotypes hold outdated and damaging expectations for both genders. While Feminism is often viewed as a movement that wishes to view women as more than men it is rather about addressing the gender inequalities that exist in a patriarchal society. It acknowledges that both men and women are victims of harmful stereotypes and that both would have better emotional and mental health without them.
The feminist movement has come a long way and accomplished many things, which leads many people to believe there is no goals left for feminist to accomplish. The cause of this belief is that people acknowledge that the feminist group have accomplished and contributed to the cause, whether its political or social rights. After all, we have earned most of our basic civil rights over the decades, but there are still battles women face every single day concerning equality, domestic violence and harassment, and mostly the gender wage gap. Society is having a hard time adjusting to women roles outside of the home and their competences and skills are undervalued, so women frequently earn less annually than men for doing comparable. According to National Committee on Pay Equity in 2019, “ year-round workers showed women still earning 80.5 cents for every dollar men earned, exactly the same gap as in 2016” (para 3). This is a large hurdle for women that is not disappearing anytime soon. Paying women less than men is not only unfair, but it’s just plain discrimination. How is it fair that women taking time out of the workforce due to pregnancy results them into losing seniority, advancement opportunities and wages? Caregiving and having children should carry equal responsibility between genders, yet women still take on the majority of these duties globally. In addition to taking time off for caregiving, the gender pay gap continues to discriminate when women return to work. Cheryl Hughes, was an intelligent, single mother of two when she chose to pursue an engineering degree in 1982. “She dealt with an overwhelming male majority in the field and found a balance between motherhood and being a student, but she couldn’t overcome pay inequity. Hughes said she lost more than $1 million in earnings throughout her career as an engineer because she is an African American woman.” (para 2). Your salary shouldn’t be based off what race, sex, or gender you are, but it is. If someone can do the comparable to a man, than it’s only right to be getting paid the same. The wage gap is not the only battle women are fighting today, but it’s sure one of the most controversial out of them all. Even though almost everyone is aware of this gap, there are still no changes being made simply because we are “women” and still looked at as the “weaker” sex. The gender wage gap is a huge issue that will take years of advocating to change, and that’s only if more people are aware of the issue.
While using deconstruction throughout my research on feminism, it gave me a different understanding on the concept and all the many different possibilities this word could uphold just in one sentence. Women have had many great breakthroughs with their protests, but many still turn a blind eye to the fact that there is sexual discrimination, violence, and a gender wage gap. Men are still more respected than women in our society. Feminism is now necessary more than ever, women still struggle to earn their basic civil rights because of their race and simply just because they’re women and “don’t have the ability to do what a man does”. It’s important that society is aware of what the feminist movement is really about and women aren’t searching for dominance or power but equality and respect. If feminism was properly applied men would be degraded less and woman would be fearless and show more happiness and financial growth. This would give us the ability to influence the younger generation in a healthier way to confront situations and circumstances they may encounter. While also teaching them better problem solving we will also be teaching them how to treat others regardless of any physical or psychological difference. The problem of women's rights is not going away anytime soon, but its growing popularity gives hope to all those fighting for equality.
Cite this page
What Is Feminism and Its Manifestation in Creativity. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Meaning of Media in Politics Today
One of the most persistent cultural and political phenomena of recent years has been the emergence of the 'digital age' and its impact on the field of the mass media. Central to this challenge has been the quest to understand media audiences in a global village of proliferated digital technologies. A major schism exists between the previous understanding of the mass audience with the traditional media, and today's media in the age of the internet. Amalgamating the two theories has almost become an impossible endeavor. The reality is that a revert to the past audience stands in stark contrast to the present and future privileges. In other words, the old understanding of the mass audience as sharing similar characteristics and consuming the same message is outdated. The audience now is determined not by geographical boundaries, but by how much they identify with a certain ideology. For example, the 2014 Pew data indicated that the audience in the United States were highly polarized between two political parties: The Democrats and the Republicans.
The audience in media studies
Debates about mass media audiences in both cultural and mass communication studies are punctuated by social changes propelled by technological innovations (Livingstone, 1999). The 'mass audience' has over time, become embedded within the literature characterizing mass communication studies (Mosco & Kaye, 2000: p.33), centering on the 'sender vs receiver' framework. Such an understanding continues to inform the contemporary phenomena and the dynamics of interactive media and user-generated content in today's discourses. The central argument lies on how the digital age recast the notion of the audience. The initial understanding of the audience was rooted in a broader theoretical notion of the 'mass society' (Wirth, 1948) that perceived the audience as an aggregate of passive individuals who were highly susceptible to mass-mediated messages (Ball-Rokeach & DeFleur, 1976; Peters, 1996).
Such an understanding of the audience has received a lot of retraction in a changing environment, even as early as the 1970s. In one of his seminal works, Maisal (1973) asserted that 'we must begin to think of, and study, the individual society as a communicator having access to powerful sets of media tools and as a recipient of a wide range of equally enriched communications directed to him by others' (p. 170). The impetus behind this argument became realized around the 1980s and 1990s when cable and VCRs and the internet started proliferating in people's homes. This proliferation inevitably facilitated the growth of interactive forums and increasingly began to challenge the traditional media whose main role was to disseminate large content to homogeneous audiences. The reality is that the mass audience and the media became heterogeneous (Neuman, 1991; Chaffee & Metzgar, 2001). The content was no longer unanimous but emerging from various sources including the mass audience themselves (Shoemaker & Reese, 2014).
In her recent study, for example, Nirit Weiss-Blatt (2015) examined the impact of news and bloggers on the mass audience by integrating two research traditions: McCombs & Shaw (1972)'s agenda Setting and Katz & Lazersfield (1955)'s two-step flow of communication. By treating the bloggers as part of the mass audience, Nirit Weiss-Blatt found out that there was a reverse in the flow of agenda. Previous studies (e.g. Gomez-Rodriguez, Leskovec & Krause, 2010), as well as the most recent ones (Vargo & Guo, 2015; Guo & McCombs, 2015; Meraz, 2015), suggested otherwise that there was media agenda flows from the mainstream media to the audience; indicating that the bloggers agenda were influenced or driven by the mainstream media agenda. However, Nirit Weiss-Blatt's findings indicated that the new media agenda flows from the audience to the mainstream media. This suggests a reversed system of the audience now actively participating in the creation the media agenda.
The mass audience in Cultural studies
The idea of the mass audience in cultural studies is still underpinned on Antonio Gramsci (1967)'s theory of hegemony; Hall (1974)'s 'Encoding & Decoding' theory; James Carey's (1995)'s cultural approach to communication; Fiske (1998)'s polysemy and popularity argument, and advanced in recent studies by scholars such as Shoemaker & Reese (2014). Central to their arguments is the idea that the media promotes dominant power structures to encourage the audience to consent to and support the status quo of the governments, capitalists and patriarchal corporations (Ramos, 1982). The irony is that while studies of the media audience are emerging in many fields, cultural studies tend to be moving away in the face of criticism. Lindlof (1991) asserts that the poor regard with which cultural studies have approached the study of media audience is underscored by the detest for the profound quantitative/qualitative divide that underscores the rest of communication research. For this reason, some scholars have suggested the recognition of other domains of theory and research not necessarily in tune with cultural studies that seek to address a broader perspective.
Livingstone (1998) suggests some approaches that cultural studies should embrace for it to ascertain a broader impact: The need for re-centering the understanding of media audience theory around a more empirically viable model of media studies. In his statement, Livingstone observes that as cultural studies try to 'shift social and political theory away from the dominant approaches that restrict their perception of media audience, they need to acknowledge that the audience in the digital age 'works through its relations with the state and economy, but also as a communicative space for the imaginative construction and reconstruction of more diffused, but equally important, collective identities and solidarities' (p. 197). Alexander and Jacobs (1987) assert that the media offers polysemic texts to heterogeneous audiences for whom influences, identities, and solidarities that determine their relationship with the media. This, therefore, suggests a symbiotic relationship between the media and the audience.
Does the emergence of the 'digital age' significantly alter audience research?
It is unarguably true that the emergence of the new media technologies has altered significantly the approaches that media and cultural take to explain audience research. James Curran (1996), among others, has charged that cultural studies, especially, tend to ignore its historical approaches of audience research. This according to Curran, has led to cultural studies scholars being contented with the loose and vague concepts of 'active audience' without superseding it. In the same way, approaches of media studies on audience research have equally been inconclusive in the digital age because of their failure to critically combine, 'in a mutually informative way, a theoretical framework, working concepts, methods of inquiry, research implements and paradigmatic studies' (Baker, 129). However, the hope is not lost. In order for media and cultural studies to have a viable impact, there is a need for both studies to embrace and apply what Baker considers as ambitions for the field of audience research.
- Making the concept of an 'interpretative community' empirically measurable and testable.
Essentially, the above statement is especially targeted towards cultural studies that hesitantly employs administrative research. While acknowledging the need for interpretive research, Baker argues that in the digital age, it is especially challenging to determine how people end up belonging to a particular audience without empirical research. The degrees of commitment to an audience can only be measured through empirical research.
- Explore and explain the relations between and 'reading positions' of different audiences
According to Baker, most research on media audience for both media and cultural studies, tend to focus only on how a particular audience works on its texts with an assumption that the audiences work in isolation, and unaware of each other. Baker suggests that both media and cultural studies research on the interconnectedness of audiences and how they shape each other. This study is not new to the media as perceived by Ying (2017) and Vargo & Guo's (2017)'s Intermedia (NAS) agenda setting theory. There is a dearth of research on the interconnectedness of audiences.
- Exploring the formation process of audiences in the digital age.
To understand the audience in the digital age, there is a need to understand how it is formed. Recent studies, and 2014 pew data, for example, perceive the audience as polarized and divided between the political boundaries. Media ownership and control has shifted into the hands of politicians, thereof, dividing the audiences, not into uncluttered communities, but polarized between the Republican and Democratic parties. The same is not true for other countries. Therefore, how audiences become relevant for audience research.
- State with sufficient precision the conditions that have to be met for an audience to be said to have attained an unconditional positive experience from a cultural encounter.
Essentially, this assumption counteracts the 'effects tradition'. According to Baker, it is not enough to ascertain effects on the audience without stating with precision the effects of other intervening variables such as culture. Studies in the media have especially taken this approach to understanding audience research with less regard to the influence of other things on the audience. The US 2016 presidential election campaigns have yielded such studies with the inflated assumption of media influence.
All in all, the legacy of this argument lies in the implicit construing of the audience as participants in the beneficiaries of a new democracy, or as victims of a new and highly manipulative panopticon. This understanding poses a challenge to media research and its quest in trying to measure public speculation. Questions such as those dealing with cyberfriendship (Ando & Sakamoto, 1999), 'the information poor' (Tichnor, et. al.,1970) or participatory democracies resort to abandoning media theory as its starting point, to embracing various public imagination concerns of the audience. Nonetheless, the digital age has posed a challenge number of studies, especially those directed towards audience research. Some studies have goes as far as predicting the fall of many theories. However, many other studies hold to what Weimann (2014) insisted on, that the 'old communication theories never die, just readjust'. The reality is, therefore, that media audience research theory is still relevant and has not been completely altered in the contest of communication research. It has readjusted to suit the new environment.
Cite this page
Meaning of Media in Politics Today. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Political Structure in Indonesia
Before we go further we must know what the legislative body is and its tasks. In Indonesia the legislature or representatives bodies are a political structure that represents the Indonesian people in drafting laws and also supervises the implementation of laws by the executive body where members are elected through a general election (election). Political structures that also participate in in this category are the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the Level I and II House of Representatives, the House of Representatives, and the Regional Representative Council. In addition to the legislative body, there are also two other political trias bodies in Indonesia, namely the executive body and the judicial body.
Meanwhile in Indonesia, there are three representative institutions recognized by the constitution, namely the MPR, the DPR (including DPRD I and II at the regional level), and the DPD. The tasks and authorities of the MPR are outlined in Article 2 of the 1945 Constitution which includes three things: The Constitution, Inaugurates the President and Vice President, and Dismisses the President and Vice President within the term of office according to the Constitution. MPR members are not chosen per se because MPR members are collectivists from all members of the DPR-RI plus all DPD members. Only members of the DPR-RI and DPD are directly elected by the people. The MPR is a legislative structure that is only located at the central level. The MPR convenes at least 5 (five) years and each decision is taken with the most votes. The Indonesian MPR is actually designed to the level of the two rooms (DPR and DPD).
However, through the last amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the MPR became a separate body regulated by the constitution. After we know the duties that the legislature has with responsibilities that must be borne with a sense of responsibility by the legislature it means that only the best choices can occupy positions in the legislative body, but return to the statement of the principle of proportional representation based on the theory of justice rawls. Proportional ethnic representation means 'that under the ethnic groups represented (eg papuan, China, etc.) there must be more seats in the legislature (thereby increasing their political power).' Here I underline the word 'MUST' the word must itself has a mandatory meaning or something must be done without any exception (may not be) and leads to a command. if we interpret that rawls theory requires or proposes certain ethnic groups to get a greater opportunity to be able to occupy positions in the legislative body which can be said to be included in minorities, why do I say minorities? For example, ethnic minorities in Indonesia are papua or black people, from the population of Indonesia which reached 265 million in 2018 according to data released by the government, the population of Papua does not reach half of that number. and also based on observations that I sell If the people of Papua who occupy important positions in Indonesia do not reach half of the total number of important positions in this country.
But this example is not only seen in Indonesia, say America which is a superpower in which there are various kinds of religions, customs, races, and cultures but who would have thought that after years of standing as a new country there would be one black person who had succeeded as a state official, Barack Hussein Obama, who is usually called Barack Obama became the 44th American President and was the first African-American or black president to serve as President of the United States. He served as the leader of the superpower since January 20, 2009 after George Walker Bush and he succeeded in becoming a leader of a state that was leading leading a large country like America and completing his term very well in 2016 from this thing which looks very visible and finally the question arises as to why black people find it difficult to get structural positions and also why it is very difficult to get encouragement in the general community? We can also see the incongruity or it can be said to be strange in our country as an example of this strange act in Papua people from non tribes Papua, such as Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, NNT, NTB, Maluku can serve as governor, regent, regional secretary, or other important structural positions and have a lot of jobs and often we meet easily, for example non-Papuan officials are Zainal Abidin Shah is Governor West Irian (now Papua) pert ama who served in 1956–1961 he was a native of tidore and also a tidore sultan of his time.
here we can see the oddity that why someone who is not from Papua was appointed as governor when he himself did not settle in Papua. is there no native Papua or people who live and live in Papua who can occupy that position, even though Papua is one a large province with 28 districts and 1 city which means that there must be people who have good quality work and professionals, but why can't they occupy that position? For example, another oddity that we can see here is that non-native Papuans can get a high position in the executive and judicial bodies, but why can't the Papuans occupy such positions if how many outside of Papua are Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra and surrounding areas based on the experience that I saw and felt in Papua that anyone may occupy positions without exception. I started asking what h the people of Papua are considered unable to lead?
If the answer is that Papuans are not yet worthy to lead, then why does the State or government not provide incentives such as education, health, welfare, and prosperity because poverty is one of the difficulties or inferior, namely the level of education in Papua that is still less attention. But if we discuss the rights for minorities to get a place in our legislative body, it means talking about special rights, namely autonomy or special autonomy that the management and utilization of natural resources of the Papua Province has not been used optimally to improve the standard of living of indigenous people, so that it has resulted in a gap between Papua Province and other regions, and is a neglect of the basic rights of indigenous Papuans, that in order to reduce the gap between Papua and other provinces, and increase the standard of living of the people in Papua Province, as well as providing opportunities for indigenous Papuans, special policies are needed within the framework of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia.
That the implementation of specific policies is based on basic values which include protection and respect for ethics and morals, rights basic rights of indigenous people, human rights, rule of law, democracy, as well as equality, rights, and obligations as citizens, that there has been a new awareness among the Papuan people to fight for peace and constitutional recognition of basic rights and there is a demand for resolution of problems relating to the violation and protection of the human rights of indigenous Papuans, that the development of the situation and conditions in the area of Irian Jaya, especially concerning the aspirations of the people wanting the name Irian Jaya to be Papua as stated in the Irian Jaya Provincial Parliament Decree Number 7 / DPRD / 2000 dated August 16, 2000 concerning Returning the Name of Irian Jaya to Papua that based on these matters, it is deemed necessary to provide Special Autonomy for the Papua Province stipulated by Law.
But I think it should also be necessary in the Special Autonomy regulation. In the explanation above I underline the words equality and rights because it explains that the people of Papua are also entitled to equality as in political matters because they have the right to be the color of the State of Indonesia. or listening to the word 'otsus' must be in our minds and thoughts that are funded even though the progress of a region is not only supported by funds but also supported by justice in duties and responsibilities. If we look at the law on special autonomy for Papua province chapter I in article 1 paragraph here says that Special Autonomy is a special authority recognized and given to the Papua Province to regulate and manage the interests of local people according to their own initiatives based on the aspirations and basic rights of the Papuan people, here it is clear that special autonomy gives authority to I regulate and manage the interests of the people based on the aspirations and rights of the people of Papua, but why the people of Papua still have difficulties in terms of economics and education, I think one of the reasons here is that there is no equality in Indonesia. and clothing that has skyrocketed even though Java is not as high in Papua and many times it can be seen, this is an extraordinary oddity because of the very far comparisons especially in land and air transportation as seen from ticket prices the plane from Jakarta trip to Jayapura which can reach a price of 6 million rupiah even though Papua is part of Indonesia while the Jakarta ticket to Sydney, Australia has a price range of 2-4 million even though Sydney is a different country.
This is what is called equality? , through the statement, I conclude that I agree with Rawls' theory that requires the government so that minorities such as the people of Papua to get more seats in the legislature, why do I agree? Because in my opinion someone who serves as a legislative member or other structural position it does not originate from its place of origin (this applies to every district of the region) he certainly does not know the needs of the place and he does not know the situation and condition of the place well and does not rule out that after his tenure he will return to his place of origin and leave a place that has given him a position and a career, without having to share knowledge or experience of working for people who live and live in that place. So based on this, more if someone occupies a legislative seat from that area then surely he will serve with n full of love for the place he has lived in from birth to adulthood and automatically he has mastered the area both in terms of norms, economics, education, health, etc.so because he grew up in that place he knows the difficulties experienced by the community.
I think that indeed the state must provide guarantees of equality for the people of Papua in terms of accessing the ability to lead not only to continue to use workers from outside Papua, even though in Papua there are many people who have the same competitiveness or ability to work with people in outside of Papua with working experience and high levels of education, it can even exceed the ability to work outside Papua, this all leads to justice in the political field. and added value that can be had if the legislature or more and more Papuans become leaders or workers government then Indonesia has people of trust who can convince the people of Papua to be considered as part of Indonesia and prevent movements that can divide Indonesian unity.
Blibiography :
- https://www.voa.com/a/obama-we-are-on-the-side-history-correct / 3091808.html
- http://www.cahayapapua.com/tag/dana-otsus/
- http://www.understandingconflict.org/en/conflict/read/23/Papua-Update-The-Latest-on-Otsus-Plus
- https://asiaviews.net/not-happy-otsus-day/
- https://www.bps.go.id/sdgs/1
- https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2018/05/18/2018-jumlah-penduduk-indonesia-mencapai-265-juta-jiwa
Cite this page
Political Structure in Indonesia. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Black Politics and Prejudice about it
Prejudice happens in political races and influences the accomplishment of Black competitors, as they crusade to win political power. With a record number of white patriots running for office, more Black people have turned out to hold chosen positions, as an approach to battle the methodical prejudice that Black individuals face. Through crusading, Black competitors are communicating their reality and placing themselves in the line of bigot turmoil, with expectations of fighting the white strength in our political workplaces. Their quality in these white-overwhelmed spaces goes about as a flag flare for other Black individuals to go along with them in making both political move and office to address the effect of orderly bigotry on our lives. Black political applicants are conceded less access to voters through the confinement of their development in the networks they are attempting to reach. Basic techniques for connecting with voters is through way to entryway battling and town lobby exchanges. Be that as it may, some Black competitors are quit amid these trades, frequently by police.
In August, neighbors called the police on a Black lady they accepted was 'looking out for medications.' The Black lady being referred to was Sheila Stubbs, a possibility for the 77th District in Wisconsin's State Assembly. Stubbs was peddling and conversing with voters in her area, when police touched base because of the call. Delegate Janelle Bynum had a comparable event happen to her when she was blamed for 'packaging' the area. Shockingly, police badgering is certifiably not another deterrent for Black individuals. Provocation from police is an update that racial oppression has an entire establishment set up to keep the political activation of Black individuals, and can work to eclipse a Black competitor's authenticity to keep running for office.
Another strategy utilized is trading off the passionate and mental security of the hopeful and their friends and family. This strategy is frequently brought out through death dangers and racial assaults. It is likewise frequently done by the real individual constituents, who hole up behind online intangibility to escape genuine outcomes. In spite of the fact that passing dangers are genuine dangers to a man's life, they are infrequently completed, and are rather sent as a type of terrorizing. Black applicants must choose the option to consider these dangers important, particularly since it puts a greater number of lives other than their own in impending peril. Dark competitors need to adjust and conquered hypervigilance toward their environment, notwithstanding defeating the passionate and mental disturbance from the impacts of scornful remarks and assaults. Black political competitors are offered next to zero insurance against death dangers, and are regularly compelled to pull back from races to secure themselves. A case of this is Rep. Kiah Morris (D-Bennington), who — in spite of the fact that she anchored her name on the November tally as the main Black, lady official in Vermont — chose not to keep running for a third term as state delegate, because of online racial assaults all through her current term.
In her flight declaration by means of her Facebook page, she thought of, 'It is my expectation that as a state, we will keep on requesting more noteworthy help and assurances for each other from those powers which look to separate and pulverize our networks.' A Black political applicant ought to never need to settle on the decision between supporting for their political progression and their very own life. Frequently, Black competitors can't express their affection and worry for the Black people group without confronting objection from white individuals. Their adoration for the Black people group is viewed as turnaround prejudice and additionally as a supposition of hostile to whiteness. Dark political applicants at that point feel they need to smother their racial and social personality with the end goal to mollify other non-Black voters.
At The Collective PAC's Black Campaign School, a three-day preparing program intended for expanding Black portrayal in governmental issues, applicants talked about the policing of inventive articulation with Black hair and the suggestions voters would have with hopefuls wearing loosened up versus regular hair. One of the preparation teachers, Jessica Byrd, a discretionary strategist who has dealt with crusades of more than 40 states, dismissed getting tied up with forced decency and character legislative issues on Black political applicants.
Frequently, Black competitors can't express their adoration and worry for the Black people group without confronting objection from white individuals. Their affection for the Black people group is viewed as turnaround prejudice as well as a notion of hostile to whiteness. Dark political applicants at that point feel they need to smother their racial and social character with the end goal to pacify other non-Black voters. At The Collective PAC's Black Campaign School, a three-day preparing program designed for expanding Black portrayal in governmental issues, hopefuls talked about the policing of inventive articulation with Black hair and the suggestions voters would have with competitors wearing loosened up versus normal hair. One of the preparation educators, Jessica Byrd, a discretionary strategist who has taken a shot at battles of more than 40 states, dismissed getting tied up with forced decency and personality governmental issues on Black political competitors. 'We're never going to fabricate the things we need to assemble if everybody needs to resemble a duplicate, similar to one another,' Byrd said. There is an inferred desire for Black contender to not battle on arrangements concentrating on issues that influence the Black people group.
In Minneapolis, Black political applicants met up in a board discourse a year ago to discuss desires presented to them that weren't set on their white rivals, for example, regardless of whether they were just going to speak to Black individuals. What's more, albeit white competitors are barely if at any point asked whether they were 'just going to speak to white individuals,' one Black hopeful, Samantha Pree-Stinson, underlined that by tending to issues that Black individuals confront puts critical issues to the front line for all individuals. Raising support is one of the hardest parts of maintaining a political run. Dark political applicants get less measures of cash from voters and associations than their white rivals. This implies Black political competitors are less inclined to continue through to the end with their crusades and construct the establishment it takes to keep up the commitment and responsibility of their staff and the voters they are attempting to reach.
It additionally brings down their limited time effect to a bigger scope of voters, who aren't mindful that Black applicants are notwithstanding running. Another segment that counteracts monetary help is the point at which the competitor isn't supported or upheld by a noticeable chosen official, well known political figure or their political gathering. The Democratic National Committee and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee have neglected to back many Black hopefuls with institutional help in past primaries in spite of the fact that they've shouted that Black ladies are the 'spine' of the gathering.
Out of 43 Black ladies running for House seats, just Lauren Underwood, a Black lady contender for Illinois, was upheld by the DCCC, driving in over $1,000,000 in raising money. Without cash or political sponsorship, Black hopefuls get less exposure and consideration, making them relatively imperceptible to voters who are not educated and seen as less trustworthy as an applicant. They are then compelled to quit for the day and end their battle with no shot at progressing to the primaries. Kerri Harris, a Senate contender for Delaware, didn't acknowledge gifts from partnerships, didn't get institutional help, and couldn't manage the cost of yard signs for her battle until about fourteen days before the essential. She wound up losing the primaries to her rival, Tom Carper, who had enough support to win.
Image is extremely important, with regards to running for office. This turns out to be progressively difficult to oversee when distinctive media outlets make a picture of a Black applicant that takes into account their generalizations and misguided judgments of Black individuals. A political promotion posted via web-based networking media by Kathy Hochul, a white contender for lieutenant senator for New York, drew objections of bigotry, after the advertisement focused on the monetary battles of Black competitor Jumaane Williams. This promotion cooked particularly to the generalization of neediness and cash bungle forced on Black individuals all in all. As opposed to studying his money related duty as an individual from the New York City Council, the advertisement pursues his own budgetary issues including a fizzled business and a dispossession on his home. Williams wound up losing to Hochul in the Democratic essential. It's considerably harder to attempt to change those media observations as a competitor without falling snare to those bigot depictions of 'the irate Black' applicant.
Minneapolis competitor Pree-Stinson described an episode where she needed to 'go into the remarks and put forth a defense for yourself without seeming like the irate Black lady,' after a blog entry that made reference to her application didn't demonstrate her in the best light. Black Congressional applicant Antonio Delgado was hit with a promotion by his rival, John Faso, which intercut cuts from a music video he made in his past profession as a rap craftsman, at that point closes by demonstrating Delgado in a hoodie. Plainly the advertisement was meaning to play off of generalizations of Black men as 'criminals,' whose capacity to spit rhymes makes them unfit to be considered sufficiently important to hold any predictable or critical position of intensity. The aphorism of 'any attention is great exposure' doesn't make a difference to Black competitors, whose battle can go down in one racialized media hit.
Indeed, even with these obstructions that Black political applicants confront, a little level of them win. Be that as it may, we can push for more Black individuals in office by getting to be mindful of their reality in political races, and adding to their prosperity with money related, computerized and casting a ballot bolster. Give our political help a chance to demonstrate the Black competitors we have faith in that they are not the only one in their battle against racial oppression, and we are here to see them win.
Cite this page
Black Politics and Prejudice about It. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
What i Learned in Business Ethics Class
Watching the video entitled Business Ethics in the 21st Century, made me relate the lessons I have learned in the Business Ethics class. It showed me the impact of practicing business ethics properly. The first thing I noticed in the video is that it is talking about corporate social responsibility (CSR). In initial part of the video, you can see Unilever had made great emphasis about their company not just focusing on their brand but also about the needs and welfare of their consumers. Having to observed in the video what Patrick Cescau, the Group Chief Executive of Unilever, it made realize that the success of an does not solely depend only on the how much they have garnered in from business. Modern companies nowadays prevail because they tend support their consumer and in return their consumer will support them back. What made me realize now is that good customer relationship and concern for the welfare of the consumer and its community is what is all about corporate social responsibility.
If we are to define CSR formally according to Ghillyer (2014), corporate social responsibility or also known as corporate citizenship or corporate conscience is the action of an organisation that are targeted toward achieving a social benefit over and above maximising profits for its shareholders and meeting all its legal obligations. In short, if we are reflect on our earlier lessons, it is the act of extending your responsibility beyond the limit of your organisation legal obligation. Delving into this, CSR would not be possible if it is not for the proper implementation of ethical leadership’s proper corporate governance. In our lecture, we have learned that ethical leadership plays a key role in influencing and running an organisation and thus creates an ethical culture.
A bad example of a company that I can relate to this about ethical leadership and corporate governance is Wells Fargo. It all started with top management’s greed for more profit and mores shares in the stock market. Influenced by their greed, pushed their workers to do unethical acts by creating phony accounts from their existing customers. And I find it very appalling especially they would do this having their customers be unaware of what they are doing with their accounts especially that their management of Sloan and Stumpf are also denying all the allegations not holding accountable to that scandal. According to Bello (2012), ethical leadership can have a significant impact on the employee job performance. In relevance to this, I find out now that ethical leadership would not be very effective and sustainable if a proper corporate government is implemented. Corporate governance had been defined, according to Ghillyer (2014), as the process of by which organisations are directed and controlled. If companies are well governed, they will usually outperform other companies and will be able to attract investors whose support can finance further growth (Ghillyer, 2014).
To sum this all up, I find that studying business ethics is very crucial especially in modern day businesses. It can either serve as our guideline or as a tool for us expand and entice more investors into the organisation especially there are those activist and advocacy group that are on a lookout for some companies that are doing unethical practices that ruin their businesses leading to their downfall.
Cite this page
What I Learned in Business Ethics Class. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Enhance of Political Efficacy and Participation
The concept of political efficacy varies in definition depending on the context in which it is being discussed. For the purpose of socialization, political efficacy can be considered a norm, a psychological disposition, a feeling, or a form of behavior (Easton 1967, 25-26). More importantly, political efficacy is how much an individual perceives that their political participation is a direct or indirect cause of social change. However, Mason suggests that the American people continue to disengage from one another on both civic and community based-levels. (Mason, 103). If true, such trend can pose a threat to political efficacy as American politics grow more polarized and individuals eventually become politically apathetic. The question then is “how does political efficacy enhance political participation?”
Literature Review
In the realm of political research, children are not often included as subjects to data collection because they aren’t active political members. On the other hand, many adults find the topic of politics to be quite inappropriate for conversation in the presence of young minds. Child interest in politics compared to other activities is relatively low (Easton, 27); however, research shows that children develop a wide range of political attitudes and feelings starting as early as third grade (Easton, 31). A study in which 12,000 elementary school students aged 7-13 were asked to agree or disagree with certain statements regarding their thoughts toward their parent’s role in politics hinted to where that child was in the preparatory stage of political socialization. Some of the statements were “Voting is the only way that people like my mother and father can have any say about how the government runs things”, “Sometimes I can’t understand what goes on in the government”, “I don’t think people in the government care much what people like my family think” (Easton, 29).
IQ scores, social class and sex were considered when examining the classroom environments of these children as they can be strong variables that reflect adulthood lack of efficacy in women and minorities. The regularity at which children see people in society engage in politics can increase or decrease their political efficacy. Children who tag along with their parents to polling sites and protests are more likely to acquire higher levels of political efficacy that translate into political participation in later life. Children with middle-class parents display a higher level of efficacy than those with working class parents. What a child learns and the degree to which they retain information depends on what is left to be learned about the subject, the quality of teaching they are receiving and the frequency of which it is reinforced (Easton, 38). Families, teachers and peers have the greatest influence for exerting their political beliefs onto children which may serve to preserve the democratic regime as it is unique to the American system (Easton, 34).
In order to preserve a government that secures individual rights and democratic sovereignty, people must actively participate in their country’s political arena. Scholars have always linked political efficacy to participation. Political efficacy is enhanced through political participation especially after an outcome which is favorable to a participant. In the late 1950s, two types of political efficacies became prominent. The first is internal efficacy which is the perception that one has the skills and sources to influence the political system (Clark et Al, 552). Internal efficacy corresponds to an individual’s personality traits such as their ego and self-esteem. The second is external efficacy which is the assumption that government institutions and elites will respond to those attempting to influence political matters (Clark et Al, 552). Political efficacy is developed from political socialization. When certain social institutions teach individuals how to participate, take interest in, and influence politics, our levels of political efficacy increase (Beaumont, 217).
Internal efficacy claims that political participation through voting and campaign involvement has direct positive effects on external efficacy making them dependent of each other. Individuals who participate are more likely than non-participants to be supporters of the regime because such behavior reinforces their belief that the system responds to citizen involvement. People who participate by voting or campaigning for winning candidates have increased levels of both internal and external political efficacy. The reason for this is because such individuals are likely to conclude that their participation directly caused a candidate’s victory and their needs and demands deserve immediate attention. On the other hand, both efficacies will decrease among supporters of losing candidates. An interesting finding is that some people who do not participate politically, yet support winning candidates, will also experience increased external and internal efficacy (Clark et Al, 1989, 553).
External efficacy will increase because of the belief that winning candidates will now respond to the partisan and socio-demographic groups with which that individual identifies. Internal efficacy will increase because the election’s outcome demonstrated that people similar to them are already influencing the political process. The salience of an election is an important indicator of whether or not political efficacy is fluctuating. Presidential elections receive far more attention than congressional elections. During the presidential elections individuals tend to have lower levels of internal political efficacy. During congressional elections, individuals tend to have higher levels of political geographically. This can be due to environmental factors such as geography and demography. (Clark et Al 553,561)
It has been argued that political efficacy should not be measured at the individual level if there is even a slight chance that such efficacy is conditioned by macro-level events (Ainsworth 2000, 90). This is because individuals first existed within classes or groups through socialization. Truman once said “man is characteristically human only in association with other men' (Ainsworth 2000, 91-92). Groups are thought of as possessing the ability to pacify individuals; therefore, creating order from chaos. Individuals participate because they believe that their participation is for the greater good of their group. Being part of a group helps the coping process of losing a political debate or election. Group political efficacy does not easily fluctuate as does individual efficacy. Groups are also easier to examine when it comes to income and education. Those who share similar socioeconomic backgrounds and party identifications are more successful at influencing and advocating for better public policy that better serves the whole.
In her book Uncivil Agreement, Lilliana Mason references Miller et Al’s research which shows how “some groups in America have participated in politics at a higher rate than their socioeconomic resources alone could predict”(Mason, 103). This is explained by people being fully aware and driven to participate because of their group memberships (Mason 2018, 103). Political efficacy can also be connected to political interest. Those who are not interested in politics tend to have low levels of political engagement. The challenge lies within finding what generates greater interest. Social rewards such a sense of belonging to a certain group might often drive people to participate even while not being politically efficacious. Interested citizens are more likely than their uninterested peers to have knowledge about politics and display consistent political behavior. (Robinson, 2017).
It is common to see an underrepresentation of minority groups in political arenas. This is a direct result of low internal and external political efficacy. Such groups must first believe that their activism has the power to yield change in social policies that directly address inequality. One thing that contributes to political efficacy and can encourage political participation amongst these groups is descriptive representation. In the 2008 primary elections, African American political efficacy increased with Obama’s mere presence as a candidate. This continued to increase as his chances of winning did. On the other hand, the political efficacy of whites remained unaffected (West, 352). This trend indicated that the increase of African Americans political involvement and efficacy was driven by the descriptive representation of race.
When it came to gender, Clinton's candidacy did not correlate much with men or women’s political efficacy. When candidates share a common identity with the people, positive attitudes toward the government are created which in turn increase trust and participation (West, 351). Critics of descriptive representation question and argue whether African American political efficacy increases with an African American representative or if African Americans are elected because black citizens, in general, are more empowered to vote and participate in politics than before (West, 351). It is important to detect which is the causal relationship in order to better comprehend and predict future elections. Before Barack Obama’s election, political efficacy as it pertains to African Americans had only been studied at lower government levels (West, 351).
Methods
Using the American National Election Study Data from the 2016 presidential elections, I wanted to see how the presidential vote depended on the political efficacy of the voters. The political atmosphere was especially intense for this specific election as the candidates reflected the partisan makeup of the American people and political participation through voting and campaign support were the ultimate tests of political efficacy. Each side was determined to see a victory for their party and concerns about what a victory for their opponent would mean spurred up a sense of fear, confusion and political uproar.
This frequency distribution shows that among the voters, those who possessed the highest level of political efficacy voted for the democratic candidate, Hilary Clinton while those with lower levels of political efficacy voted for the Republican candidate, Donald Trump. There are several explanations as to why democrats might have displayed more political efficacy than republicans. Democrats generally stand for public policy that helps enhance the quality of life for a wide range of cross cut identities whom republicans may not always deem as worthy of government assistance. Some people might have taken the opportunity to vote in place of those who aren’t legally able to cast a ballot. Organizations like Rock the Vote were especially relentless in making sure youth were educated about their civic duties which in turn might have enabled them to step out of their comfort zones and skepticisms. Age groups 18-34 displayed the highest levels of political efficacy in 2016 presidential election (ANES).
Whereas, a great number of republican voters might have constituted those who felt incompetent or uneducated about politics to the point where economic insecurities hindered sincere policy preference. When controlling for age, one is able to see how as people get older, their politically efficacy remains rather stable. This can simply be due to years of political participation through voting or activism. It could also reflect relationships that may have been formed in later life with elected officials such as senators and mayors. It can also reflect the ongoing dominance of an individual’s identified party as seen in all branches of government.
I also wanted to use the ANES data to see how the presidential vote depended on the voter’s trust in government. Political trust is especially important with regards to external political efficacy or the belief that the government is directly responsive to certain groups or individuals. This frequency distribution shows that among voters, those with the highest trust in government voted for the democratic candidate while those with the lowest trust in government voted for the republican candidate. Having had a democratic administration from 2008-2016, the American people might have felt more trusting of the government under Hilary Clinton’s leadership even as a female candidate because of the social barriers that were broken down during Obama’s presidency. An accepting government tends to be a more trusted one.
Conclusion
Being politically efficacious is reflected through political participation. Although the direct form of participation is voting there are other activities that can express internal and external efficacy. Data drawn from ANES between 1972-2012 (Mason, 105, Figure 7.2) shows that the most common form of political activism is speaking to others in attempt to gain same candidate support (Mason, 105) This is followed by the act of wearing a button, putting a bumper sticker on a car or a sign in the yard (Mason 2018, 106). Politically efficacy is developed from a very young age and is often anchored throughout the life course due to socialization. Being part of a group and actively participating in campaigns/rallies may help boost politically efficacy. Descriptive representation and salient elections can either aid or hinder political participation.
Bibliography
- Ainsworth, Scott H. 'Modeling Political Efficacy and Interest Group Membership.' Political
- Behavior 22, no. 2 (2000): 89-108.http://www.jstor.org.ric.idm.oclc.org/stable/1520065.
- American National Election Study Data (ANES 2016)
- Beaumont, Elizabeth. 'Promoting Political Agency, Addressing Political Inequality: A Multilevel Model of Internal Political Efficacy.' The Journal of Politics 73, no. 1 (2011): 216-31. doi:10.1017/s0022381610000976.
- Clarke, Harold D., and Alan C. Acock. 'National Elections and Political Attitudes: The Case of Political Efficacy.' British Journal of Political Science 19, no. 4 (1989): 551-62.
- Easton, David, and Jack Dennis. 'The Child's Acquisition of Regime Norms: Political Efficacy.' The American Political Science Review 61, no. 1 (1967): 25-38. doi:10.2307/1953873.
Cite this page
Enhance of Political Efficacy and Participation. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Gun Control Argumentative Essay
Firearm violence has been an growing issue in the US, along with argumentative debates on what should be done . A segment of the citizenry is worried that forbidding firearm proprietorship or extremely constraining the entitlement to utilize weapons will be an violation of their rights. In any case, the ongoing increment in mass shootings gives a room to the arrangement of points of confinement on weapon proprietorship and utilize. This paper contends that firearm control is important both for the time being and in the long haul.
Controlling guns, for example, constrains the quantity of new firearm proprietors in this way restricting the probability of more wrongdoing being submitted. Firearm control will, as it were, spare lives. To begin with, the biggest number of murders is normally connected to the law segment, where manslaughters by firearm represent the best number of setbacks. Secondary School in Parkland, Florida, which brought about 17 killed and 17 more injured, stunned individuals the nation over, impelling understudy walkouts and walks in help of stricter firearm control laws, including all inclusive, far reaching record verifications and a restriction on ambush weapons(Ramin Skibba, Conveying science to endure, finally, on firearm control banter). One of the key reasons why weapon control is important is the expansion in shooting cases, especially in schools. A few honest school kids have already kicked the bucket because of the commonness of a high number of firearms in the hands of regular citizens. This has urged shooters to utilize the arms improperly.
Moreover, a portion of the rivals of firearm control express that chasing is a key movement in their life and that they expect weapons to chase. In any case, a portion of the weapons utilized for chasing are attack and self-loader. Actually, ambush weapons, which represent a noteworthy number of weapons held by private subjects, isn't intended to be utilized for game chasing purposes. A case of abuse, The Las Vegas slaughter. The slaughter at the Beat club in Orlando. The film theater shooting in Aurora, Colo. The Virginia Tech butcher. The slaughter at the Texas First Baptist Church(Robert Gebelhoff, This is the way we spare lives from firearm viciousness). Utilizing quick firing weapons for chasing purposes add up to abuse. Programmed and quick firing weapons are the best decision for mass shooters henceforth such weapons in wrong hands is to a great degree unsafe. Such weapons should be in the hands of law authorities as it were. Handguns can do fine and dandy for chasing purposes.
People and gatherings that contradict weapon control additionally point to the Second Change which enables regular citizens to possess guns with the end goal of individual and societal assurance. Be that as it may, such rights seemed well and good amid minutes when private natives did not confide in the national government. The American common war of the mid nineteenth century gave regular folks such a shot. However in present day days where private residents have swung to hoarding a few guns with no unmistakable danger to their lives, it is important to seek after the Second Change with alert. Instances of furnished regular people shooting cops dead have been on the ascent in the previous five years. In such manner, the quest for the Second Correction must be careful, and firearm control should be implemented.
To conclude, firearm possession and utilize should be controlled. It is a disagreeable however essential choice. Such a move would not just restrict access to guns consequently spare lives, yet it will likewise decrease the wild instances of mass shootings and high rates of manslaughters that characterize the present society. Law requirement offices should be engaged to ensure regular citizens and regular citizens need to confide in law masters to do their work. Use of the Second Alteration ought to be careful.
List of sources:
- https://undark.org/article/firearm control-banter joined states/
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/designs/2018/suppositions/weapon control-that-works/?utm_term=.82c77296674c
Cite this page
Gun Control Argumentative Essay. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Childhood Obesity Cardiovascular Disease
Sedentary lives make up a big part of the number one killer worldwide. Unhealthy junk food can now be delivered to your house without the need to even get off the couch. People take cars everywhere, even to cover a distance that would take five minutes to walk. People avoid physical exercise at all costs, which has ultimately led our generation into a disaster. It is far overdue that a prevention effort must be made to save our country. Physical education must be made mandatory throughout all years of high school to save the most unhealthy generation ever known. Over the last several years, the percentage of children and adolescents that are obese has greatly increased.
The Government Accountability Office reported that within a thirty-year span, the percent of adolescents that are obese increased more than four times what it was, going from from 5% in 1980 to 21% percent in 2010. At the same time, students have been receiving less time for physical education (P.E.) classes (qtd. in Skolnikoff and Engvall 1). That is over one-fifth of this age group being obese, and that is not including people in the overweight category. While lack of exercise leads to sedentary lifestyles, our nation has also obtained an obsession for fast food. The ability to pick something up for supper on the way home seems appears to be the best option.
When these calories do not get burned off, it can quickly lead to obesity. Beck and Diehr both acknowledge that “the current generation is the first not anticipated to outlive its parents, and one reason is the rising levels of obesity among younger generations” (201). Technology has constantly been advancing and is the main cause for increased life spans. Now, a lack of exercise is likely to change that. Not everyone agrees that physical education should be a required class all throughout high school. One common belief is that P.E. classes are a waste of valuable school time. With a world revolving around science and technology, people think that those classes should take priority over physical education classes. Langford and Carter explain how teachers often understand that physical education is helpful to the student, but does not compare to the importance of other classes (4).
This ties into another similar point of view where physical education classes should be eliminated to allow students to focus on their grades in other primary classes, and that they can exercise at home. The thought behind this is that without a gym class during school, it offers more time to learn during the school day. It is not uncommon to see parents take their children out of physical education classes with the intent for them to achieve a better grade point average (Skolnikoff and Engvall 3). Often these people will acknowledge that P.E. is important, but not as important as the other core classes. A final argument is that P.E. classes are only short-term and pointless in the long run.
This point of view is understandable because only 2% of adults that are older than thirty-five will ever take part in competitive sports (Schachter 2). It is argued that learning team sports will not be important when only one in fifty kids will compete in a competitive sport when they are older. It is thought that the activities done in class will not benefit students after they graduate if they do not ever play the sport in a competitive matter. Since physical education classes in school have often taught sports orientated around teamwork, it could be pointless. Even if there are a couple negative aspects to physical education, there are many more reasons to why it should be mandatory.
The first reason is simply that it gives students some much needed daily exercise. It is very important to have an opportunity for this during school because students at a high school level will often spend their night working on homework and studying in preparation for the next day. This leaves them with very little time to get any physical activity, let alone the full hour a day that is declared the minimum for adolescents by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (qtd. in CDC 2). P.E. classes in school are usually close to sixty minutes long, making up most of the suggested time. It would be difficult to find time for that at home. In addition to that, physical education studies found six main variables that contribute to a student’s physical education experience, including gender, teachers, curriculum, success/failure, parents, and friends (qtd. in Portman 2).
Two-thirds of these factors are commonly dealt with every day at school, making it the perfect place for physical activity to be encouraged. The other main factor that made it onto the list is the parents of each student, and oftentimes, the parents will not encourage physical exercise at home, nor will the student always listen to them if they do. Equally important, having mandatory physical education at school will help to prevent obesity in this new generation. The decrease in exercise among adolescents has made obesity a much more relevant issue than it once was. Statistics show that over a span of seven years, new graduates were found to have the highest raise in obesity population, going from 7.1% to 12.1% (Carter and Langford 2).
This means that within only seven years, the amount of graduates that are obese has increased by 5%. With physical education becoming less popular, it is evident that this is not a coincidence. It was easy to tell which students had stopped receiving physical education by the time that they graduate, creating an issue of obesity that could be prevented. Looking at those statistics, an online article infers that physical education is a more effective healthcare system. It prevents the issues from happening to begin with rather than fixing them, which can even lead to a decrease in traditional healthcare costs (PHIT WORLD 2). Exercise is often thought to be a cure for obesity, but really it should be a preventative. Once someone is obese, it gets harder to exercise and return their body to a healthy state. Even if an obese adolescent successfully returns to a healthy weight, it is much easier to regain weight than it is to obtain it for the first time. Maintaining a healthy body is one of the most important goals that someone can have.
A few of the many health related benefits of taking good care of your body include reduced risks of heart disease, cancer, type two diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, and obesity. (CDC 2) However, an unhealthy lifestyle leads to an increased risk of developing any of those symptoms. Beck and Diehr concluded that the number one cause of death each year is cardiovascular disease, and over 11.9% of these deaths are the result of a sedentary lifestyle (201). Cardiovascular disease should not be as much of an issue as it is. There are many other benefits of physical exercise that are often overlooked. The National Association for Sport and Physical Education confirms that exercise not only increases physical fitness, but also develops skills such as self-discipline, judgment, support of other subject areas, experience in setting goals, strengthened peer relationships, stress reduction, improved self-confidence, and increased self-esteem (qtd. in Kelso 4-5).
Stress reduction is an important benefit at a high school level that is often ignored. Students are often stressed about schoolwork and do not feel like they ever have time to relax. The other benefits are all likely to play a key part in the students future. During a State Board of Education meeting in Massachusetts, it was pointed out that “we talk to kids all the time about not putting drugs in their bodies... but we’re going to tell them we don’t care about how they take care of their bodies?” (qtd. in Nifong 1). This quote shows that if people believe both that students should not use drugs and that they should not be required to take physical education, they are strongly contradicting themselves. It could also be relating the lack of exercise to a bad drug. Just like these drugs that have been made illegal, it can damage the overall health of a body. There is one last major benefit that some may consider to be the most important. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrates in numerous studies that students who receive better grades and have better classroom behaviors, such as paying attention and doing work with integrity, tend to be the ones getting more physical education.
If a schools purpose is to improve academic performance, including a mandatory physical education class should be a priority. Schools cannot just advise these students to exercise at home, as they have very little free time, and when they do, it is very unlikely they will spend it exercising. Some teachers have even started to incorporate short yoga breaks not only to compensate for their lack of gym classes but also because it is understood that many students can not focus well for long periods of time (Schachter 4). If a student sits down listening to various lectures the whole day without ever moving around, they are bound to lose attention and have a lack of motivation. With physical activity being in a student’s day, it can actually improve their grades in other classes. The thought that physical education classes are not important compared to other classes is really surprising. Nifong mentions that “the decisions administrators make will deliver a powerful statement about the direction of American education - and what society expects schools to teach children” .
If it is decided that physical education should not be prioritized over science and technology classes, it ultimately says that further advancements in technology is more important than people's lives. Our country is already becoming way too obsessed with technology, and adding in more tech classes to replace physical education would just be making it worse. In addition to this, there is the more understandable point of view, where these classes should not be mandatory so that students can focus on excelling in other subjects and improve their grades. Langford and Carter agree that “the goal of educational excellence is certainly understandable, however, if tomorrow’s scholars die prematurely from hypokinetic disease their greatest contributions to society will never materialize” . This quote is saying that a student could spend their whole life studying, but never get to create their ideas because a possible lack of exercise could cause their early death. As earlier mentioned, physical education does actually help most students academic performance.
Even if it is possible that a few adolescents could benefit from not taking a physical education class, it seems clear that the benefits of physical education (reduced risk of developing cancers and diabetes, improved self-esteem and confidence, obesity prevention, etc.) outweigh the few cons of it. The final idea that physical education classes are short-term and do not offer enough variety used to be a very valid argument. Recently, however, curriculums have been changed to teach activities that promote long-term activity. Many schools are beginning to offer more activities that could end up being in a students future, such as skating (Schachter 1). Since most students will not play competitive sports as an adult, activities such as skating and weightlifting have been implemented into P.E. classes. These activities do not need to be competitive or team based. Once students have learned these skills, they can come back to them later in their life since they have an understanding of them. This realistic problem of how physical education is taught has been fixed, and should no longer be a concern.
There is no reason that physical education should be taken any less serious than any other core classes. As earlier mentioned, students have been receiving less physical education, and obesity rates among adolescents have been skyrocketing. The benefits that would result from making P.E. mandatory largely outweigh any possible ideas that go against the position. Schools cannot expect students to receive an acceptable amount of exercise outside of school, nor can anyone assume that their parents will encourage it in any way. As long as fast food restaurants remain popular, technology continues to advance, and adolescents spend their already limited amount of free time playing video games, there is no sign of this deadly problem coming to an end. The longer that this problem is ignored, the worse it becomes.
With physical education classes now offering activities to support lifelong fitness, it is time take advantage of this starting point. Schools now need to start encouraging physical education classes as much as they can, and their curriculums need to become much more strict. An academic journal describes that the effort that is put into this will show not only the intended future for these students but also the future of America (Nifong 1). Up until recently, human life expectancy has done nothing but rise, but now that has changed. Students alone can not save our nation, neither can just their elders. A true health care system needs to be created. It is time that students, parents, and teachers all work together as a team to stabilize the endangered species that is the new generation of humans.
Works Cited
- Beck, Alan M, Aaron J Diehr. “THE Effects of Teaching Fitness in an Autonomy-Supportive Style.” American Journal of Health Studies, 2017, vol. 32, issue 4, pp. 201-207. EBSCO MegaFILE, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=128768584&site=eh ost-live.
- Kelso, Charlotte. “The Importance of Physical Education.” Virginia Education Association, url: http://www.veanea.org/home/1000.htm.
- Langford, George A, LaGary Carter. “Academic Excellence Must Include Physical Education.” Physical Educator, Late Winter 2003, vol. 60 issue 1 p28. EBSCO MegaFILE, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=9349586&site=ehos t-live.
- Nifong, Christina. “School debate: Fewer sit-ups, more science.” Christian Science Monitor, 5/15/96, vol. 88 issue 119, p1. Academic Search Premier, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mih&AN=9605241109&site= ehost-live.
- “Physical Activity Facts.” Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for disease Control and Prevention. April 9 2018, url: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/physicalactivity/facts.htm.
- “Physical Education, Nothing is more Effective in Getting our World Healthy!” PHIT WORLD, url: http://www.phitworld.org/Benefits_of_P_E__in_School.htm.
- Portman, Penelope A. “Are Physical Education Classes Encouraging Students to be Physically Active?: Experiences of Ninth Grades in their Last Semester of Required Physical education.” Physical Educator, Fall2001, vol. 60 issue 3, p150-161. EBSCO MegaFILE, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=11246743&site=ehost-live.
- Schachter, Ron. “THE NEW PHYS ED.” Instructor, summer 2011, vol 120 issue 6, pp 39-42. EBSCO MegaFILE, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ945718&site=eh ost-live.
- Skolnikoff, Jessica A, Robert P. Engvall. “Losing Touch with Physical Education.” Education Digest, Feb2016, vol. 81 issue 6, pp. 48-51. EBSCO MegaFILE, permalink: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=f5h&AN=113072587&site=ehost-live.
Cite this page
Childhood Obesity Cardiovascular Disease. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Annotated Bibliography: Childhood Obesity
Collier, Roger. 'Liberal Trade Laws Linked to Obesity.' Canadian Medical Association.Journal, vol. 186, no. 6, 2014, pp. 414. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1531082064?accountid=45000.
Summary: Roger Collier discusses how trade policies are a health issue, not just an economic issue. He tells us how obesity rates are higher were foreign investment is more welcome. Roger Collier says those with stricter trade rules had rising obesity rates, but those rates were lower than place with fewer restrictions. He also says that looser trade restrictions allow more fast-food restaurants, chain restaurants, and processed food in. Roger Collier believes that health specialists should be included in the formulation of trade policies.
Evaluation: This article is a good source because Roger Collier does not only state what he believes in his article, but also backs his statements up with evidence. I think that this article would be a good source because Roger Collier also includes those with experience and knowledge about his topic within his article. I plan on using this article as it provides good information on trade policies and obesity.
Forhan, Mary, Cathy Risdon, and Patricia Solomon. 'Contributors to Patient Engagement in Primary Health Care: Perceptions of Patients with Obesity.'Primary Health Care Research & Development, vol. 14, no. 4, 2013, pp. 367-372. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1428371193?accountid=45000, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1463423612000643.
Summary: The authors of this article discuss how patients with obesity had almost one- and one-half times more visits with their primary care physician than those without obesity. They said patients with obesity report barriers in the physical environment that limit access to health care. The authors purpose of their study was to understand patients’ perceptions of the barriers.
Evaluation: This is a good source because the authors include their studies within the article. The study will provide good evidence for the perception of patients with obesity. I am going to use this article because the study includes the side of the obese.
Jacobson, Michael F. 'Obesity in America: Inevitable?.' Nutrition Action Health Letter, vol. 27, no. 2, Mar. 2000, p. 2. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=2838640&site=ehost-live.
Summary: Michael Jacobson discusses how obesity is great for certain businesses that make a profit off weightless advertisement. He also discusses how obesity can undermine self-esteem, social success, and business success. He said only time will tell whether the US chooses the fitness lifestyle or the lifestyle of gluttony and sloth.
Evaluation: This article is short and to the point of the obesity epidemic in the US and if it will change or not. The article includes a short evolution of the percentages of obesity in the US. I will use this source because it is short and to the point, but still contains much information.
Jang, Myoungok and Whittmore, Robin. “The Family Management Style Framework for Families of Children with Obesity.” Journal of Theory Construction and Testing, vol. 19, no. 1, 2015. Questia.
Summary: Myoungok and Robin discuss the increasing rate of obesity and its related health problems highlighting the significance of preventing and managing obesity in children. They say on main strategy to prevent or manage obesity in children is to target the family environment due to its critical influence. Myoungok and Robin said family environment plays a fundamental role in childhood obesity due to genetics and through the development of healthy behaviors.
Evaluation: Myoungok and Robin have a new take on how to prevent and manage childhood obesity, start with the family. Because family has so much influence on children, it makes sense. I will be using this source because it sheds some light on a new way to prevent and manage obesity in children.
Masters, Ryan K., PhD., et al. 'The Impact of Obesity on US Mortality Levels: The Importance of Age and Cohort Factors in Population Estimates.' American Journal of Public Health, vol. 103, no. 10, 2013, pp. 1895-901. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1441294238?accountid=45000.
Summary: Ryan Masters discusses how high rates of obesity present serious public health challenges in the United States. He tells us how the ultimate toll that obesity will take on the health of Americans remains a very contested issue. Ryan Masters says that without a broader consensus, policymakers will lack clear guidance on how to prioritize and respond to the US obesity epidemic.
Evaluation: Ryan Masters article is a good source because he researches the relation between obesity and the mortality rates of the US. I think this is a good source because Ryan Masters has his research within the article. He tells us how he conducts his research and what he finds. I am going to use this source because it contains direct research about obesity and mortality in the US.
Menifield, Charles E., et al. 'Obesity in America.' ABNF Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, Summer2008, pp. 83-88. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=33338227&site=ehost-live.
Summary: Charles Menifield discusses how each year over 300,00 adults in the US die from obesity related causes. He examines obesity trends and determines what factors contribute to the growing rate of obesity in the US. He specifically studies why the rate is increasing at a faster pace in the southern states.
Evaluation: Charles Menifield’s article is a good source because it has genral information about obesity in the US. His article includes many statistics and facts. He also includes graphs and tables to show his information. I will be using this source because it is more general and broad on the subject of obesity in the US.
'Obesity in America: What's Driving the Epidemic?.' Harvard Men's Health Watch, vol. 16, no. 7, Feb. 2012, pp. 5-7. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=70882806&site=ehost-live.
Summary: The author discusses what might be responsible for obesity; they list genetics, hormones, metabolism, and behavioral factors. The author said it is hard to determine the exact cause of obesity. Doctors have a hard time figuring it out for one patient, it is much harder to figure out an epidemic. They said to control the obesity epidemic, we must first understand its causes.
Evaluation: The author of this article focuses on finding the cause of obesity. They focus on modern factors. The author also gives examples on what we can do. I am going to use this source because it locates some factors of obesity and ways to solve the problem.
Powell, Shannon Baker. 'Quality of Life in School-Age Children with Obesity.' Pediatric Nursing, vol. 44, no. 4, Jul/Aug2018, pp. 183-188. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=131366567&site=ehost-live.
Summary: Shannon Powell discusses how 1-5 school-age children suffer from obesity. She tells us how obese youth face many physical health problems associated with obesity. Shannon Powell also tells us how there are psychosocial concerns associated with childhood obesity.
Evaluation: This is a good source because it focuses on the other problems associated with obesity. Focusing on school-age children may help us learn how to further prevent obesity in children, which will prevent adult obesity. I am going to use this source because it focuses on children and not just adults.
Vittrup, Brigitte and Danielle McClure. 'Barriers to Childhood Obesity Prevention: Parental Knowledge and Attitudes.' Pediatric Nursing, vol. 44, no. 2, Mar/Apr2018, pp. 81-94. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=keh&AN=129092693&site=ehost-live.
Summary: Brigitte and Danielle discuss how obesity rates have doubled and quadrupled for certain age groups. They said children are now suffering from serious diseases previously only found in adults. They also said that assessing the knowledge and opinions o parents may reveal disparities and create opportunities for future prevention plans.
Evaluation: Brigitte and Danielle include the method they used to assess parents and the results that they received from their study. They include tables and bar graphs to see their assessments on. I am going to use this source because it assesses the parents and the environment of the child and how they may create a barrier to the child.
Xu, Furong, et al. 'The Association between Adolescent’s Weight Perception and Health Behaviors: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2011–2014.' Journal of Obesity, vol. 2018, 2018, pp. 8. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/2035220129?accountid=45000, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3547856.
Summary: Furong Xu discusses how an adolescent’s perceived weight can influence their healthy behavior, or lack thereof. He says how weight perception should be considered when developing programs to combat obesity. Furong Xu said there is a lack of research on an adolescent’s sitting time and that no identified studies that have examined weight perception and behaviors in adolescents have assessed physical activity.
Evaluation: This is a good source because Furong Xu includes the study of physical activity and sitting time of an obese adolescent. Furong Xu includes statistics and comparisons in his study. I am going to use this source because it contains the process of the study and the results.
Cite this page
Annotated Bibliography: Childhood Obesity. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
The Nursing Model and Childhood Obesity
Educating our youth and their parents will possibly help reverse some of the ill effects of obesity and poor diet choices. Once parents have an understanding of the damage that diet is having on their children, maybe they will pass their new found knowledge and wisdom to their children in a loving, supporting fashion. As a Christian, I approach nursing as a labor of love which brings glory to God by providing for clients, the clients families, and supporting my peers.
If you use God’s word as a guide for how you conduct yourself you will approach nursing with a more nurturing approach than a non-believer. Once you have the wisdom that God gives you to guide you, you are powerful. As Christians we are aware that God arms us with this knowledge and has an expectation that we will use it to bring glory to him.
Conclusion
The Bible instructs parents to start training children young so that the lessons become second nature. “Start children off on the way they should go, and even when they are old they will not turn from it.” (Prov. 22:6 New International Version). We as nurses need to support them and be patient as they improve upon their roles which will benefit their children in the long run and finally reverse the growing numbers of obese children in the United States once and for all.
As Christian nurses, we serve as role models to our clients and their families. It is our job to help children and their parents see that the parents control what kids eat. Typically in the past parents would be more involved in determining what their kids would eat and the activities they would participate in (Rolfes, Pinna, & Whitney 2016). Parents can be more proactive in their child’s life by encouraging activity, limiting and controlling the majority of what kids eat, and engaging the child more. One way of teaching children to eat better is by including them in the process of preparing food (Rolfes et al., 2016).
Prevention of Obesity
Sadly, in the United States (US) one of the most prevalent medical conditions that affect children is childhood obesity. In fact, childhood obesity in the United States (US) has tripled since the 1970’s.
Data from 2015 and 2016 shows that the prevalence of obesity in youth rose steadily during the last 18 years (Hales, et al., 2017). There are several factors that can leave children vulnerable to suffering from this epidemic such as socioeconomic background, culture, and family lifestyle.
Regarding childhood obesity, God has given us the responsibility of knowledge so it is our job as nurses to educate children and parents about the risk factors that can be reversed in order to avoid being another statistic.
After careful reflection and prayer, the topic of childhood obesity really touches my heart. According to Hales, Carroll, Fryar, and Ogden (2017), obesity is more prevalent among non-Hispanic black (22.0%) and Hispanic (25.8%) youth which is the category my family falls into. As a child I struggled to maintain a healthy body weight, suffered from a distorted body image and have had my oldest son Rocco fight the same battles before he came to live with me full-time.
First of all, obesity is defined as having excess body fat. The way the degree of obesity is measured is known as body mass index (BMI), which is a commonly used screening tool that measures body fat and quantifies it into levels ranging from fat to lean depending on the percentage (CDC, 2018).
Childhood Obesity
As a nurse, it is important to follow a code of ethics that will help guide your actions. The American Nurses Association (ANA) established 9 provisions that encompass a set of values to help put things in perspective (Code of Ethics, 2015). The provisions contained within the Code of Ethics for nurses serves as a guide to help with the promotion of clearer decision-making and the performance of virtuous action. These provisions are not just another regulation or rule of nursing but an outline of actions that we as nurses are obligated to perform for the good of the client and our profession. The provisions all contain an element of the kind of nurse I aspire to be but the provision that speaks to my heart is provision 2 which states, “The nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient, whether an individual, family, group, community, or population.” (Code of Ethics, 2015).
The provisions within the code of ethics remind me of the Ten Commandments in a sense because, while most of us know what the right thing to do is, the Bible simplifies some major sins in the form of the Ten Commandments.
Code of Ethics
Christian nurses are agents of restoration and healing put on earth to help people from all walks of life no matter what their beliefs are. As a Christian nurse, I view the Bible as the code of ethics put in place by God for me to follow and lead an ethicallife.
The Bible commands us to bring glory to God by our deeds and actions. “In the same way, let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.” (Mat. 5:16 New International Version). Fortunately for us, God speaks through his words and directs us in the way to proceed.
This paper will discuss how nurses are guided by the nursing code of ethics, childhood obesity, and childhood obesity prevention.
Cite this page
The Nursing Model and Childhood Obesity. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Interpersonal Communication Strengths and Weaknesses
We are an advertising and branded content agency. We now has an exciting opportunity for an Editorial Assistant to join our dynamic team. This position is well suited to an applicant that is a team player, creative, passionate and has unquenchable curiosity. Our ideal candidates are who seeking to advance their career, gain hands-on experience and thrive in a multi-disciplinary environment. The main job duties will be to report, carrying out research, assist in planning, writing, and editing of print magazine articles. Helping to create engaging content for our clients from the initial concept and to produce timely solutions is required.
Professional Skills & Experience
Good interpersonal communication skills as you should be able to report to an editor and an account manager and liaising with clients on a daily basis. Fluency in both written and spoken English is a must as our company works with some of the world’s biggest company, you are required to transcribe interviews and undertake ad-hoc translation tasks. We seek for applicants with a degree holder or above in Journalism, Marketing, Communications, or related discipline and a minimum of 1 year of relevant experience, ideally major magazine publisher. Familiarity with Adobe InDesign, Photoshop and video editing software will be an advantage as there will be chances for you to provide support where necessary. Working as an editorial assistant, you may need to participate in the video production, editing process, work with the media team and to create layout designs.
Application
The closing date of this position is 10 March 2020 and if you have any inquiries regarding your application, please visit our company’s website www.mandl.asia for more information. You can contact us directly at info@mandl.asia or by dialing (852) 2164 8901.
Comments
The job is about producing ideas and content for articles, doing translation tasks, doing layout designs and editing with software, reporting, carrying out research and preparation. Problems like finding it difficult to continuously searching for inspiring and eye-catching stories or topics to write about may emerge. Inviting people for interviews may be hard, they might be interested in sharing but might not be willing to spend extra time to do an interview. This is a challenge in meeting new people and making connections. We are looking for candidates who could handle these difficulties successfully.
An English major student: good command of written and spoken English, good communication skills I am meticulous, I pay attention to detail and mistakes. I am self-motivated, dependable, independent, have unquenchable curiosity and good time management skills. Work experience: Internship as a creative content editor My main duties are: writing articles about local special topics, conducting interviews, handling blog site I excel in software like Photoshop, Adobe Premiere Pro CC and iMovie. I love working in things that are media-related.
Weaknesses
I do not meet the preferred working experience (at least 1 year), I am quite green in this field and have not yet gained professional experience. I am nervous and anxious when presenting in front of a lot of people. I need a suitable amount of time to complete my tasks, I would not like to complete or rush a task within a little amount of time.
Opportunities
Technology is easily accessible now, this makes reading online, researching easier. I can come up with more content and quirky topics. Since electronic devices are becoming more user-friendly, the trend of an online writer may possibly arise.
Threats
Since I have already graduated from University, I have fewer chances to get internships which may result in having inadequate work experience. I even have fewer opportunities to learn and gain experience from the school’s programs and classes.
Evaluation
This SWOT analysis lets me clearly see what I am capable of, what I need to overcome or further develop. I think my characteristics and skills suit this career, the current technology is also an opportunity for this post, an editorial assistant to rise and be successful. Due to my weaknesses like I am inexperienced, I would be willing to participate in any on-the-job training if there is any. I would improve myself by being braver and more confident when talking reporting and presenting. I would also like to enrich myself by having further education or applying for short courses if necessary.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I would contribute creative and thoughtful ideas to the company. My career aim is to learn while working tasks of different aspects to enrich myself, gain working experience and to prepare myself for more challenging tasks in the future. Being an editorial assistant would definitely be a remarkable and fruitful working experience for me.
Cite this page
Interpersonal Communication Strengths And Weaknesses. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Example of Interpersonal Communication Situation
The television show that I will be analyzing in today’s paper is called “Rel”. This particular episode is number six of season one called “ Windy City Politics”. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and explain whether certain interpersonal communication concepts between the two siblings name Rel and Nat were effective or ineffective. After watching the episode numerous times, I was able to conclude that those concepts were effective. This is significant because that means, this episode was realistic and able to reflect realistic communication. As evidence to support this claim, this paper will analyze the interpersonal communication scenarios between Rel and Nate using the following class concepts: Buber’s three levels of communication, paralanguage, hearing vs listening and approaches to conflict.
This paper will also examine how the symbolic interactionism theory is demonstrated by the two siblings during their interpersonal communication interactions. Therefore, the bigger picture will express and show the importance of interpersonal communication coming from a family perspective. The show “Rel” , episode six, season one, is about Nat’s boss acting inappropriately towards him in the work field. Rel, Nat’s brother, throughout the situation tried to help solve the problem in a way where it would benefit Rel more than it did Nat. Rel ends up giving Nat some advice that eventually causes him to lose his job altogether. This plot is significant for the characters relationship that I will be analyzing because the incident allowed Nat and Rel to hash out their differences and life decisions. They talked about how exactly it affected their friendship as siblings and the conversation opened them up express their hidden selves.
The relationship between Rel and Nat is a family one for which they are siblings. Rel is a male nurse and Nat is an ex-convict. I choose to analyze their relationship because of the non fiction theme that it represents. It reminds me personally for myself and brother when it comes to communicating effectively for proper decision making. Rel and Nat communicated on many occasions throughout the twenty two minute episode. Some of that communicating being funny, some selfish, some insensitive, some personal and some regretful. A situation given is when Nat comes into Rel apartment announcing that he had landed a great job working as a lobbyist for the second chance committee program. Rel congratulated his brother with a little bit of second guessing in his tone afterwards because of his brother’s past.
Throughout the episode, many interpersonal communication concepts presented themselves. The ones I choose to focus on were Martin Buber’s three levels of communication, the paralangue surrounding the communication between Rel and Nat, hearing vs listening and lastly, the three basic orientations that affect how Rel and Nat approached conflict among their one on one situations. Buber’s three levels of communication can be defined in my own words as, how deep and personal we get with another human being depending on the relationship with that person. He distinguishes the levels into three, which are the I-It, the I-You and the I-Thou. Each of these levels have their own meaning in which I will define and analyze using scenarios from Rel and Nat’s relationship.
There was a scene presented to the audience where Rel checks on Nat at his job a couple days later to ask him about his lady boss. Nat expresses to Rel that he is feeling uncomfortable because his boss is constantly making advances at him and wants her to stop. Rel ignores Nat’s concerns about the harassments and tells Nat that it is because the boss misses Rel and that is why the energy is being directed towards Nat. Rel then throws his jacket down on Nat desk and proceeds to walk over to where Nat boss is to ask her out. She tells hims no directly and turns to leave. Nat then Rel how it goes and Rel just yells at Nat about how he was rejected and runs out of Nat’s job without even acknowledging Nat’s harassment concern. This scenario is an example of what Buber’s I-It communication level is about, not acknowledging the humanity of others but using that person for your own benefits.
In this next scene, Rel and Nat meet up at the bar for drinks. Nat again is still trying to express his concerns to his brother that the harassment is becoming even more unbearable. Rel orders a drink and then tells Rel that no one will believe him because of the reverse psychology of it. He even told Nat that he has a hard time believing it himself and gets up to go to the bathroom. This scenario should give the visualize of Rel not being fully engaged of Nat’s pain. He finds distractions to avoid what is going on and then gives simple answers although Nat is looking for help. This is an example of what Martin Buber’s I-You level of communication represents. A person is being acknowledged as a person but that person not fully engaging in what that person has going on.
The final and highest level of Buber communication is the I-Thou. In my own words, this level of communication can be defined as cherishing and being fully engaged in a person's individuality. This person proclaims the other to be unique and accepts the totality of them. In the episode, there is an ending scene where Nat ends up losing his job because of a bad decision in efforts to end the sexual harassment. Nat goes to Rel house and expresses how he can not seem to do anything right. He then apologizes to his brother Rel for letting him down. Rel then steps in to say that it is not all his fault and that he played a big part. Rel explains that if he would have listened from the beginning, Nat probably would not be in most situations that he ended up in. They hug it out and promise each other to be better helpful to one another and be there for one another from now on. This ended scene allowed Rel to start seeing Nat full frame as a human rather than a convict who just needed a job. Rel saw that Nat was trying so he respected him for it and valued him for it.
On this episode of “Rel” there are plenty of examples of paralanguage expressed among Rel and Nat interactions. Paralanguage is a type of nonverbal communication, meaning it sends a message without using words. Paralanguage is the tone, pitch and volume surrounding the words that gives the message its meaning interpretation. The best scenario to give in support of this concept is when Nat and Rel are sitting at the bar talking. Nat states that he is feeling powerless. Sounding his message was a soft tone and a low pitch that expressed to us that he was hurting. The sounds could also imply that he was ready to give up and that there was nothing he felt like he could do to get himself out of the situation.
Hearing and listening are the most complicated concepts to accept in the public eye. A lot of people do not know that there is a difference between the two. Hearing is a letting sound hit your eardrum without actually focusing on it. This was expressed in the scenario where Nat was trying to express himself to Rel at his job that he was being harassed but Rel was only focused on getting with Nat lady boss. Rel barely heard Rel because he already came with a goal and checking on Nat was not that. Listening is emphasized as being active (Wood 163). Actually taking in what is being said to you in your mind and heart in order to respond as well as to remember. This concept is expressed when Rel and Nat joined up in Rel apartment. Nat came in extremely mad and Rel became concerned and sat Nat down to hear what was being said. Rel took in Nat pain for the first time and was able to respond without being all into himself.
The final concept I will be using to analyze Rel and Nat is the oreninations of conflict approach. This concept consist of how these different approaches shape our patterns of communicating during conflict. There is the lose-lose which is everyone apart of the conflict losses something as a result of the conflict. An example would be Nat expressing his concerns and Rel thinking that getting Nat’s boss number would change things for him and himself. The boss denies Rel leaving Nat with his problem still unresolved and Rel without a woman. No one wins in this situation.
Next, there is the win-lose approach which is one person gaining and the other does not. In this case episode, there is none of this going on. The overall approach that best defines Nat and Rel outcome is the win-win approach. The win-win approach is when everyone is satisfied with the outcome of the situation. Rel and Nat settling their differences amoungst each other allowed them solve their miscommunication problem and that helped them to accept each other as a person. This resulted in both of them gaining respect, loyalty and understanding for each other.
“Communication with others shapes personal identity”. Throughout the scenes of Rel and Nat conversations, they displayed character development based off the situations they were put in. Symbolic Interactionism Theory explains that the development of self is primarily based off of the small aspect changes that are created and recreated by social interactions (Brown, Sydney: Symbolic Interactionism Theory Video). There are three main aspects given to explanation this theory. This first is acting based off the meaning we give things.
An example of this is, “I think that I am being sexually harassed by my boss, she gripped me inappropriately” Nat stated to his brother. The second is us giving meaning to things based off our social interactions. Rel then says to Nat, “your boss actions will not be considered harassment she is a women. Even I would not believe you if that story was reported to me”. Nat just sits there and took in the words. The final aspect is the thoughts of others being turned into a lesson for one’s self (Communication Studies: WordPress Theme). Nat the next who is presented at work, gives in too his boss tendencies because he thought that it would make his boss stop the harassment. During the stripping of his clothes, he is caught by the top boss who asks what is going on. The female boss acts completely innocent and Nat is fired on the spot.
Cite this page
Example Of Interpersonal Communication Situation. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Interpersonal Communication Army People
The last organization I was employed at was the U.S. Army. Within this “company”, there are numerous ways of communication with people due to the massive diversification within the organization. Intrapersonal is use commonly through self-motivation to complete difficult tasks that are require of you, i.e. physical fitness test or entering the gas chamber. Interpersonal communication is the most used form by the team leadership (3-5 personnel) in the organization. We use these to ensure that all service member understand their daily requirements. Group communications occurs on average of twice a day when senior leadership take accountability of personnel (100-120 personnel). This method is conducted to ensure team leaders understand daily requirement in the morning, and the status of those requirement at the end of duty day. This time is also used to maintain esprit-de-corps within the organization.
Organizational communication is done less frequently and is typically competed in written form other than face-to-face. These are messages sent down to the lower level managers from the top leaders in the organization through the different level of leadership, which could be up to eight levels before it gets all the way to the team leaders. The Army is one of the most diverse organization in the country, and accommodates all authorized cultures in its organization. This include religion, gender, ethnicity and cultural whether stateside or internationally located.
Communication travels in all directions in the Army organizations with the basic communication model utilized frequently. One typical way is through briefings, either verbal or though PowerPoint presentations. You have your sender of the message who encode it into verbal or picture form, and then transmits it through whichever channel is selected for the brief. And then the receiver will decode the message to fully understand it. Feedback is also commonly used to ensure the message has been decoded correctly. The functions of the Y theory of hierarchy management communication is one where managers listen to all aspect, instead of just from the top down. This method is not widely used in the Army where you are expected to follow orders from higher management. Although there are more and more younger leaders who are trying to utilize this method in today’s modern Army which I think is a step in the right direction.
Three different managerially communication types that that I have witnessed would be, verbal, written and facial expressions. Verbal communication direction happens on a daily basis when assigning task for the day. While written communication occur less frequently among the lower level leaders, but it is required at least month with performance reviews. Facial communication takes place when you either like or dislike requirements assigned to you or your team. Not all requirements in the Army get people excited to complete and facial expressions routinely express that opinion.
There can be many different barriers of communication in the Army, but today I will discuss three. The first would have to be attentional barriers, or not paying attention to direction. This is a common barrier as soldier may be uninterested or distracted when direction is given. Next would have to be a physical barrier to communication. As the Army modernizes in todays world, this is become more of an issue through long geographical distances, uncomfortable working environments and broken equipment. And finally, I would like to discuss the emotional barrier of communication. The most common of this barrier is fear. Fear is the largest barrier we have in the Army, as we train and complete many dangerous tasks. Fear is experienced at all level of employees and management, and is addressed in numerous way to help everyone. A couple of ways would be through repetitive training to ensure confidence in your abilities and through spiritual guidance of your religious leader.
Cite this page
Interpersonal Communication Army People. (2022, Feb 02).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
The Department of Health: Childhood Obesity
The Tennessee Department of Health is proposing the development of a coalition with a budget of $100,000 to address the high obesity levels of 10-17-year-old adolescents in four counties in East Tennessee: Claiborne, Grainger, Hancock, and Union. This coalition will use the funding to introduce opportunities for healthier environments within the four counties. The coalition will focus on increasing awareness of the importance of healthy eating and activity habits of 10-17-year-olds in the community. This goal will be accomplished through education and community engagements events.
Tennessee is ranked 1st in obesity in children aged 10-17.1 It is essential to target this age group in order to prevent an increase in over all adult obesity rates in the future. Overweight and obese children are likely to remain obese into adulthood and more likely to develop non-communicable diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease at a younger age.2 Many co-morbid conditions like metabolic, cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurological, hepatic, pulmonary, and renal disorders are also seen in association with childhood obesity.2 In addition, obese children will need more medical treatment, which is likely to add additional stress on the healthcare system. Childhood obesity can profoundly affect children's social, emotional well-being, and self-esteem.2
The coalition’s mission and its goal of offering educational opportunities focused on better nutritional choices are aligned with the objectives found in the Healthy People 2020 report. Objective Nutrition and Weigh Scale-10 is to reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are considered obese.3 Increasing activity aligns with objective Adolescent Health-2 to increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in extracurricular and/or out-of-school activities.3 The coalition for the reduction of obesity rates of 10-17-year-olds has the potential to positively affect the targeted four county region in East Tennessee.
Executive Summary
The proposed coalition seeks to reduce childhood obesity in 10-17-year olds in Union, Grainger, Claiborne, and Hancock counties in east Tennessee. These four counties present a low socio-economic status and high childhood obesity rate, making them a focus for the proposed coalition. The coalition seeks to involve community members in increasing awareness of the health dangers of childhood obesity and inactivity amongst community members. The coalition plans to increase community awareness through offering educational opportunities in each of the four counties. In addition, annual events featuring healthy food options and fun physical activity opportunities will be used to promote the ease of maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
A coalition should be formed to address obesity in 10-17-year old children in East Tennessee; specifically, the coalition will target four high-risk counties— Union, Grainger, Claiborne, and Hancock. Children who have a body mass index that is above the 95th percentile, when compared to other children of the same age and gender, are classified as obese.4 This is a critical health concern that should be addressed because childhood obesity puts children at a higher risk for type-2 diabetes, asthma, sleep apnea, and adult obesity. 4 Obesity is one of the contributing factors to heart disease and cancer, which are the two leading causes of death in Tennessee.5 The combined overweight and obesity rate in 2016 for 10-17-year-olds in Tennessee was 37.7 percent, which ranks 1st among all states in the United States.1
The proposed coalition will focus on Union, Grainger, Claiborne, and Hancock counties because they are statistically ranked on overall health outcomes in the state of Tennessee at 78th, 83rd, 85th, and 86th, respectively.6 The social and economic factor rankings for these four counties are Union 75th, Grainger 53rd, Claiborne 79th, and Hancock 94th;7 lower socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to have a relationship to higher risk of childhood obesity in the United States.8 Primary prevention initiatives that address health disparities through creating community partnerships will be the focus of our coalition.
The advantages of forming a coalition are numerous; for example, combining limited resources, both financial and human, with other community outreach organizations.9 Forming a coalition will provide greater influence and credibility within the community; in addition, more diversity of thought and perspective will give the coalition greater insight into the community wants and needs. People from the community who partner with the coalition will have a greater influence within the community than public-health program planners, helping to create buy-in from the community-at-large.
While there are advantages to forming a coalition, there are also challenges that will have to be considered. Some of the areas that will have to be addressed are balancing the wants with the needs of the community; availability of resources may limit the number of initiatives that can be undertaken. The leadership within the coalition will need to be sensitive to the community’s history and culture; it will be important to partner with people who understand the people who live in the four selected counties. Finally, strategically setting the most appropriate size of the coalition’s membership will be important to ensure a manageable balance between diversity of ideas and the ability to come to a consensus on ideas.
The primary functions, roles, and responsibilities of the coalition are to educate, promote, and engage the community on the coalition’s objective to educate obesity. The coalition will educate through the use of workshops that focus on childhood obesity prevention through healthy eating and increased activity, recognizing the life course framework and education as a social determinant of health.10 Research shows that children who eat more nutritious meals and are more physically active perform better in the classroom. Tennessee students struggle to modify behaviors, such as poor eating habits and inactivity, which contribute to development of chronic disease later in life (Wanser, 2018). A national emphasis on childhood obesity has prompted many parent groups to seek out ways to engage in healthy choices for their families; for example, planting a vegetable garden, taking a field trip to a farm or a farmer’s market, and holding a food pyramid potluck at school.12
The lead agency for the proposed coalition will be the Tennessee Department of Health. The Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) was selected as the lead for the coalition because it has several programs that are focused on reducing childhood obesity and inactivity. In addition, the TDH has county health departments within each of the 89 counties, and 6 metro areas, within Tennessee. The local county health departments provide a unique opportunity for the proposed coalition to partner its expertise and share resources.
The key stakeholders for the proposed coalition include a wide-variety of members from the targeted communities; for example, county board of education leaders, local health department personnel, community hospital leaders, local pediatricians, youth group leaders, directors of Boy’s and Girl’s clubs and other after-school programs. Buy-in for the coalition’s goals will be secured by establishing a community connection. Each of the counties will be represented by their mayor, or designee. Keeping the size of the coalition to a smaller number helps the group achieve the established goals more quickly.13 It is important to include diverse members of the community within the coalition to ensure increased community engagement and buy-in.14 The structure of this coalition is characterized by a cooperative strategy. The coalition’s program planners will ensure that formative, process, and outcome evaluations are conducted to ensure the success of the coalition initiatives throughout the implementation and delivery of the program.
The coalition’s mission is to promote healthy lifestyles in children, ages 10-17, by decreasing physical inactivity and encouraging nutritious eating in Grainger, Hancock, Union, Claiborne counties in East Tennessee. The coalition’s vision is to have communities where children can live and play in a healthy environment with access to wholesome foods and opportunities for physical activity. The coalition’s core values are integrity, teamwork, equality, respect, service excellence, and accountability. The coalition must follow its core values to ensure they uphold its mission and achieve its vision. The key operating rules for the partnership will be the same, similar for the four counties. Coalition meetings will be held each month in each county. The director and support staff member will be based at Grainger County Health Department, and travel to coalition meetings in each county.
Meetings will be structured to facilitate purposeful interaction and communication between members.15 The meetings will be facilitated by the director and the support staff member will take minutes during the meetings. All stakeholders will be given the opportunity to speak, offer ideas, and suggestions about how to accomplish the goals of the coalition. The decision-making process for the coalition will be multi-perspective and primarily evidence-based. Evidence-based decision-making uses: the best available peer-reviewed evidence, information systems, program planning frameworks, the community, sound evaluation, and input from key stakeholders.16 Multi-perspective decision making is advantageous because the members of the coalition are coming from different backgrounds and will bring their specialized knowledge and ideas. Group decision making can be disadvantageous if a consensus cannot be reached. The director will ensure that timely group decisions are made.
A critical step in forming and maintaining a successful coalition is establishing the coalition’s identity within the community it seeks to serve. There are several steps that our coalition will undertake to accomplish identity awareness. Once the coalition’s program-planners work with community leaders to conduct a community health assessment, which will establish the needs of the communities the coalition intends to serve, the results of the survey will be shared with local leaders.
It is critically important to choose the most effective leadership for the coalition; therefore, key leaders will be invited to participate in the coalition. As mentioned earlier, these include the directors of the local health departments, local hospital leadership, youth pastors, and key county and city government officials. The coalition program-planners will provide an outline to these key leaders of how the coalition plans to address the health needs of the community, specifically obesity in 10-17-year olds. A local media campaign via radio and newspaper, as well as flyers that will be distributed to local health departments, schools, and doctors’ offices. Workshops and community meetings will be scheduled to introduce the coalition’s plans to form in the local community and to answer any questions that residents might have about the coalition.
Volunteers will be sought for membership to the coalition at each community meeting. In addition, a formal board will be formed from members within the local community. Feedback will be gathered from each meeting that is held and follow up on questions will be timely.
Reference List
- State Briefs. The State of Obesity. https://stateofobesity.org/states/tn/. Accessed October 4, 2018.
- Sahoo K, Sahoo B, Choudhury AK, Sofi NY, Kumar R, Bhadoria AS. Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2015;4(2):187-192. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.154628.
- Adolescent Health. Healthcare-Associated Infections | Healthy People 2020. https://www.healthypeople.gov/node/3490/objectives. Accessed October 4, 2018.
- Early Childhood Overweight and Obesity. Tennessee State Government - TN.gov. https://www.tn.gov/health/health-program-areas/fhw/wic/early-childhood-overweight-and-obesity.html. Accessed October 6, 2018.
- National Center for Health Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/states/tennessee/tennessee.htm. Published April 9, 2018. Accessed October 3, 2018.
- Rankings. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/tennessee/2018/rankings/outcomes/overall. Accessed October 3, 2018.
- Rankings. County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/tennessee/2018/rankings/factors/4. Accessed October 3, 2018.
- Wang Y. Cross-national comparison of childhood obesity: the epidemic and the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2001;30(5):1129-1136. doi:10.1093/ije/30.5.1129.
- Cohen L, Baer N, Satterwhite P. Developing effective coalitions: an eight step guide. In: Wurzbach ME, ed. Community Health Education & Promotion: A Guide to Program Design and Evaluation. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers Inc; 2002:144-16.
- Pérez-Escamilla R, Hospedales J, Contreras A, Kac G. Education for childhood obesity prevention across the life-course: workshop conclusions. International Journal of Obesity Supplements. 2013;3(S1). doi:10.1038/ijosup.2013.7.
- Ghezzi P. 10 Ways To Promote Healthy Eating. PTO Today. https://www.ptotoday.com/pto-today-articles/article/895-10-ways-to-promote-healthy-eating. Accessed October 16, 2018.
- Cohen L, Baer N, Satterwhite P. Developing Effective Coalitions: an eight step guide. Prevention Guide. 2002; 11.
- Faubion RJ, Brown J, Bindler RC, Miller K. Creating a Community Coalition to Prevent Childhood Obesity in Yakima County, Washington: Rev It Up! 2008. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2012;9:E123. doi:10.5888/pcd9.110243.
- Kegler MC, Steckler A, Malek SH, Mcleroy K. A multiple case study of implementation in 10 local Project ASSIST coalitions in North Carolina. Health Education Research. 1998;13(2):225-238. doi:10.1093/her/13.2.225.
- Shi L, Johnson JA, eds. Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management. 3rd ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Pub.; 2014.
Cite this page
The Department of Health: Childhood Obesity. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
The Childhood Obesity Epidemic
America. This country has been called the land of the free and the home of the brave for many, many years. How amazing is it that this country even exists? Who would have thought people could rise up and defy such a big thing as total control? How fascinating would it have been to be there to see it? Yet, where did that lead us? On the outside a free country, sure, but when put under the microscope, America becomes a place full of prisoners. So many people are trapped in their own body. Adults, elders, even children. In fact, the obesity rate of children increased dramatically from 1974 to 2008, going from just over 6% to just over 18% (Scinicariello and Buser 299). This has become a trend for obesity, doing nothing but rise. Children are becoming worse as the years go by, becoming jailed by the very body they live in.
Several factors can lead to childhood obesity, and one of these factors may be harder to avoid than you think. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, are something that is easy to be exposed to, whether you have heard their name before or not. “[PAHs] are known carcinogens and suspected endocrine disruptors [and] prenatal exposure… has been associated with obesity in early childhood” (Scinicariello and Buser 299). There are several ways in which humans can be exposed to PAHs. Cigarettes, exhaust smoke, ingestion of grilled or charred meat, contaminated bread products, and contaminated water are just some of the more innocent ways exposure can happen. Hazardous waste sites are also linked to PAHs, and mothers living near these sites can transfer PAHs to infants through their milk (Scinicariello and Buser 299). A study done in New York City “showed a positive association between maternal exposure to PAHs during pregnancy and increased rates of obesity in early childhood” (Scinicariello and Buser 299). Experiments done on mice have shown that those with “a high-molecular-weight PAH… [led] to increased weight gain, increased fat mass, and changes in food intake” (Scinicariello and Buser 299). However, even with all of these risk factors and ways to get around, PAHs are still not the main problem of obesity. PAHs are only so avoidable, and there are plenty other factors that play a bigger role.
Family, especially parents, has a major role to play in the formatting of the diets of children. Children are willing to put pretty much anything into their mouths, and parents are generally willing to let them. Parents lead their children down a path of food and when they become overweight or obese, some parents do not even realize what they have done. When surveyed, most mothers and fathers were able to tell whether their child was overweight or obese, but a certain percentage did not have it right. About 23 percent of fathers and mothers could not properly indicate whether their child was overweight or obese (Lepkowska 12). This information leads into the possibility that parents are partially to blame for childhood obesity.
This type of parental neglect, as it could be called, could also lead to another major cause of obesity. Without the encouragement to do certain activities, children will spend their time lazing around, therefore not expending the energy they have. An imbalance of energy input and output is one contributing factor to weight gain. Not only that, but also some factors can determine overweightness before a child is capable of dealing with it. For example, “maternal weight, gestational weight gain, glycemic control, smoking and alcohol use during pregnancy, [and] birth weight…” are all contributing factors for obesity in children (Bammann, Peplies, and Siani 1). This is a form of indirect parent neglect, where the parent is more so neglecting his or her own health, which in turn puts the child at risk.
Cite this page
The Childhood Obesity Epidemic. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Childhood Obesity in America
Obesity is extremely common in America. But not every racial group or socioeconomic status experiences it at the same rate. And what’s even more unfortunate is that not every group in America has access to or will end up with the same quality of treatment for obesity. While the disease has its genetic components, it is also greatly influenced by a person’s environment and lifestyle, and some of these facets are out of one’s control. This epidemic has been getting worse for the last several decades, as adult obesity has risen from 30.5% in 1999 to 39.8% in 2016, and childhood obesity has risen from 13.9% in 1999 to 18.5% in 2016.1 America has an epidemic on its hands. In this essay, I will discuss the realities and possible causes of disparities in obesity prevalence in America.
The high prevalence of obesity is a public health crisis. Obesity is linked to a myriad of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes. high blood pressure, heart disease, strokes, certain types of cancer, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, fatty liver disease, kidney disease, gout, congestive heart failure, and numerous pregnancy problems, for example high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and increased risk for cesarean delivery. It’s a chronic condition that requires extensive determination to cure and a lifetime of caution to keep it at bay. Beyond the detriment to one’s health, it is in the best interest of everyone in America to end this epidemic.
Estimates for the cost of obesity on American society range from $147 billion to $210 billion per year. The average obese person will have an emergency room visit cost 28% more than it would for a normal weight person.
These costs are greatly shared with taxpayers and insurance buyers. Uninsured obese people who seek necessary medical treatment but cannot pay put a financial burden on the hospital they go to and that hospital will charge every other patient more to cover the cost. Hospitals cannot turn people away and they budget for indigent patients by raising the costs of all other services. Even insured obese people raise health care costs for others, as the disproportionate amount of health care costs they bill to their insurance get spread through higher premiums for every insurance buyer.
Obesity isn’t just a product of someone’s conscious actions. A person is more likely to develop obesity if one or both of their parents are obese. This could be due to eating behaviors being taught by one’s parents or due to genetic factors. Hormones involved in fat regulation and metabolism may be disrupted in a person with obesity and a hormonal imbalance can be inherited from a parent. One genetic cause of obesity is leptin deficiency - leptin controls weight by signaling the brain to eat less when body fat stores are too high. Overeating leads to weight gain, especially if one’s diet high in fat.
Unfortunately, foods high in fat or sugar are often the most attainable and convenient things for a person to eat. Experts call area with an unusually high density of unhealthy food options a “food swamp.” Research has found that the “food swamp effect” was more pronounced in areas where income equality was greater and where mobility was lower, as in, fewer people with cars, less public transportation, and so on. And the communities that are already the most disadvantaged are also more likely to be food swamps. The other side of this coin is the presence of “food deserts,” areas with decreased access to grocery stores and especially fresh, affordable produce. Food deserts are also much more common among low income and low mobility areas.
The relationship between frequency of eating and weight is still debated but there many reports of overweight people eating less often than people of normal weight. Researchers have concluded that people who eat small meals 4-5 times daily have, on average, lower cholesterol levels and lower and/or more stable blood sugar levels than people who eat less frequently (2-3 large meals daily). One possible explanation for this phenomena is that small, frequent meals result in stable insulin levels while large meals cause large spikes of insulin after ingestion. Appropriate eating habits may be difficult to attain for someone with a demanding job. Along those lines, sedentary people burn fewer calories than people who are active - this lifestyle is also characteristic of much of the working class.
Besides eating habits and genetic inheritance, the medication a must take can also put them at risk for obesity. Medications associated with weight gain include certain antidepressants, anticonvulsants, some diabetes medications, certain hormones such as oral contraceptives, and most corticosteroids such as prednisone. Some high blood pressure medications and antihistamines also cause weight gain. It is known that certain populations experience depression at different rates, which could bring about obesity in several ways besides the use of antidepressant medication. People with depression are less likely to maintain active lifestyles and eat healthily.
For some people, general emotions influence eating habits. Many people eat excessively in response to emotions such as boredom, sadness, stress, or anger and about 30% of the people who seek treatment for serious weight problems have difficulties with binge eating.9 Just as obesity can lead to other diseases, there are certain diseases which can trigger obesity. Diseases such as hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome, and Cushing's syndrome are also contributors to obesity. In the next paragraphs I will discuss how these different causes of obesity affect different populations, then I will discuss the challenges different populations face in getting treatment for their obesity.
Obesity prevalence was at 13.9% among 2-5 year-olds, 18.4% among 6-11 year-olds, and 20.6% among 12-19-year-olds in 2016, but childhood obesity is more common among certain races. The prevalence of obesity among non-Hispanic black (22.0%) and Hispanic (25.8%) youth was significantly higher than among both non-Hispanic white (14.1%) and non-Hispanic Asian (11.0%) youth.
Of course, as children grow, they gain weight and as age increases we can expect to see more and more children gaining weight above their growth curve. As children move into adulthood their metabolisms slow down and they may also be less active as they forego recess, then PE class, and then go on to get a high education or join the workforce.
As one ages, they may need to change their eating habits to maintain a healthy weight because while they are growing it is necessary for them to eat more calories than their body needs to function at a baseline level. But the fact is that most of the time, especially when children are young, it is their parents who decide what a child will eat. When it comes to making kids eat healthily, it’s no easy task. Busy parents may choose unhealthy, quick, and cheap meals over meals that are healthy, balanced, more expensive, more time-consuming, and less appetizing for a child.
As of 2016, the total prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults was 39.8%. Overall, the prevalence among adults aged 40–59 (42.8%) was higher than among adults aged 20–39 (35.7%). No significant difference in prevalence was seen between adults aged 60 and over (41.0%) and younger age groups.
As mentioned before, as a person ages their metabolism slows down, and they require fewer calories to keep their body functioning. But many adults do not take this into account into consideration as they age, which could be a cause of obesity frequency increasing as age increases. Furthermore, and understandably so, as one ages it may be more difficult to be active.
Women had a higher prevalence of obesity than men across several races. In particular, more women than men were obese among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic adults, but not among non-Hispanic white adults. Among men, obesity prevalence was higher among Hispanic men compared with non-Hispanic black men, but prevalence was similar between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white men.
These differences could be attributed to the biological childbearing role that many women undertake. Furthermore, women on average get less vigorous physical activity per day than men, leaving them at a higher risk for, weight gain, high blood pressure, and depression.
Women are also more likely to emotionally eat, which could contribute to this disparity.
The prevalence of obesity differs significantly among races in America for a variety of social reasons. The prevalence of obesity is relatively low among non-Hispanic Asian adults at 12.7%. Hispanic adults (47.0%) and non-Hispanic black (46.8%) adults had a higher prevalence of obesity than non-Hispanic white adults (37.9%). These patterns of obesity among women are similar to the pattern of the overall adult population. For women, the prevalence of obesity is 38.0% in non-Hispanic white, 54.8% in non-Hispanic black, 14.8% in non-Hispanic Asian, and 50.6% in Hispanic. Among men, the prevalence of obesity is highest in Hispanic adults (43.1%) compared with non-Hispanic white (37.9%), non-Hispanic black (36.9%), and Asian non-Hispanic men (10.1%). Non-Hispanic black men had a lower prevalence of obesity than Hispanic men, but there was no significant difference between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white men.
These trends could be due to lack of access to affordable health insurance and health care, which disproportionally plagues people of color. It could also be due to the underlying racism that infiltrates many of society’s systems today, which could lead minorities to take less active roles in their health. These trends are closely related to that of education and socioeconomic status by race. Reflecting their limited median incomes and frequent lack of access to employer-sponsored health insurance, people of color are more likely to be uninsured compared to Whites.
A lack of insurance can increase one’s risk of developing obesity or diseases that cause obesity. Furthermore, minorities often experience worse health care treatment than whites even when income, insurance status, and illness severity are controlled for. (NCIB – Understanding and Addressing Racial Disparities in Health Care).
This could be due to unconscious bias in healthcare providers or patients perceiving bias in health care providers and trusting their providers less which could, in tur make that provider unconsciously biased against a particular type of patient.
Obesity tends to decrease with level of education. Adults without a high school diploma or GED had the highest self-reported obesity (35.6%), followed by high school graduates (32.9%), adults with some college (31.9%), and lastly college graduates (22.7%).
As one completes more schooling, they are more likely to understand the fundamentals of biology, metabolism, and nutrition. Educated persons may also have more secure and well-paying jobs, giving them more free time to take care of their health and more money to spend on healthy food, gym memberships, and health insurance. Racial and ethnic differences in obesity prevalence persist after controlling for differences in family income. However, the fact that Hispanic and Black minorities have lower median salaries than White and Asian Americans cannot be ignored.21 An inverse association exists between family income and obesity prevalence among white females of all ages and white males aged 20 years and older. These trends are closely related to educational status, a person born into a lower class is less likely to go to complete high school and even less likely to go to college.
It is worth noting that the South (32.4%) and the Midwest (32.3%) have the highest prevalence of obesity, followed by the Northeast (27.7%), and the West (26.1%).
Factors such as concentration of outdoor activities, foods available, populations in the area, quantity of specialists, and whether or not the states in that region expanded Medicaid could all contribute to the correlation between region and obesity prevalence.
The social determinants of health are countless, and any one negative aspect of someone’s social or physical environment in childhood or adulthood could cause them, directly or indirectly, to end up with obesity.22 What policymakers can do to close these gaps in obesity prevalence as well as decrease the total prevalence of obesity is offer increased access to health insurance, more affordable healthcare in general, build more grocery stores, make them sell healthy food, and improve racial sensitivity training for health care providers.
The CDC says it will accelerate its efforts to eliminate health disparities by focusing on surveillance, analysis, and reporting of disparities and the identification and application of evidence-based strategies to achieve health equity. It will also attempt to raise awareness and in and of the groups that experience the greatest health disparities. Their findings can help motivate increased efforts to intervene at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels to address health disparities and inequalities. Medicaid expansion would greatly benefit low income and uninsured person’s access to preventative health services and obesity treatments.
I believe that preventative medicine is the way to go in handling this health crisis. Prevention needs to start with our youth and their parents. Programs in the past have tried to get young children to be active and eat healthy, many seldom heard of programs like Healthy Kids, but we need to do more. We need school and club sports to be more affordable and more inclusive of all skill levels to encourage physical activity for the purpose of fun. We need schools to serve healthy snacks; while efforts in the past have increased whole-fruit consumption among children, vegetable consumption remains quite low, in fact, 9 out of 10 children don’t eat enough vegetables.
We need to give parents information about healthy eating habits and the risks associated with improper diet and obesity. Although a reasonable parent would never wish obesity or any other health problem on their child, we need to stress the importance of developing good eating habits in childhood. It is the responsibility of community service members, like medical professionals, teachers, coaches, and parents, to save our society from America deadliest diseases.
Cite this page
Childhood Obesity in America. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
The Causes and Effects of Youth Obesity
Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “With a new day comes new strengths and new thoughts” (Brainyquote.com). “In 2010, scientific studies shown 45 million children had been diagnosed with obesity; averaging one in five kids” (Centers for disease and control prevention) (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo ,Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Unfortunately, as the years progressed, childhood obesity has almost “tripled, averaging one in three children being diagnosed” (American Heart Association). According to Dr. Went, “by the year 2030 60% of the world will be obese” (Wenk, 2015). Whether it be for “convenience, cravings, hunger,” children’s lives are becoming at risk everyday (Bhadoria ,Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Fortunately, the following paper will educate the audience with the definition of obesity, causes, consequences, and most importantly prevention.
To continue, one may ask, “What is the definition of obesity? How are you diagnosed?” According to the U.S. Library of Medicine, the definition of obesity is “having too much body fat”. In relation, this condition can lead to chronic diseases, decreased cognitive abilities, psychological struggles, and the disdain for healthy foods. Furthermore, medical professionals consider a child to be obese if they are above the 95th percentile for their weight growth and overweight if they are greater than 85%. Although there are many possible causes to this wicked monster, the most common include a poor diet, and lack of physical activity (Bhadoria ,Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015).
In correlation, research suggests, it is normal for children to consume the same food/beverage products as their guardians (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). For instance, if a child’s guardian decides to eat a donut for breakfast; in comparison, the adolescent gains a stronger desire to also eat a donut. In relation to this discovery, it is evident children follow in their role-models’ footsteps (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Comparatively, recent data also shows most individuals determine their foods based on the following factors: “cravings, convince, price, and hunger” (Bhadoria, Choundary,Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). For example, guardians who work long hours everyday may decide to quickly drive through a McDonalds, order a pizza, or snag a few microwave dinners from the nearest convenience store. Whatever the choice might be, constant exposure to horrid, processed foods causes the child to view healthy foods as odd (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Instead, they will associate processed foods with nutrition, pleasure, and a sense of maturity and independence.
Moreover, another factor that contributes to obesity is the lack of physical activity (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015).
As data reveals, most obese children live a sedentary life (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Moreover, causing them to sit more frequently, with little to no movement throughout the day is the worst culprit in a sedentary lifestyle. Instead, most obese children spend their days watching TV and increase their desire to consume sweets advertised on TV (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). However, some absence of physical activity relates to environmental and psychological factors (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). For instance, information provides clarity into more recent social development, since the dawn of the automobile, of parents driving their children to school often, as opposed to traveling on foot (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Whether the reason was unsafe routes, or a snowy day, it is still a slightly probable cause for obesity.
Moving on, another possible cause for lack of movement is school gym classes (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015).
Obese adolescents tend to be picked last if at all for team enriched games (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). This often strips of their “self-esteem, positive body image, and confidence”(Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). As a result, it can cause “motivation loss, depression, anxiety, and make them feel are in a danger zone” (Bhadoria ,Choundary ,Kumar, Sahoo ,Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Unfortunately, this is not the only effect it can have on the child’s brain.
Psychologist Dr. Wenk suggests that the “fat cells that run throughout the obese child’s body release these specialized proteins called cytokines” (Wenk, 2015). They are “released through the blood and head immediately to the brain” (Wenk, 2015). More specifically, they can cause “shrinkage to the hippocampus (where memories are held)” (Wenk, 2015). Disturbingly, this is an “early indicator for Alzheimer's Disease” (Wenk. 2015). In addition, it can also “weaken the child’s cognitive capabilities and create more behavioral problems in a classroom setting” (Wenk, 2015).
To continue, aside from the likelihood of obtaining type two diabetes, these children are susceptible to many serious health conditions which include, “fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, high cholesterol, skin conditions, menstrual abnormalities, orthopedic issues, and impaired balance” (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). In addition, “it is also known to prevent social interaction, decrease confidence levels and self-esteem” (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015).
Fortunately, taking all of this information into consideration encourages the point that there are many ways we can prevent childhood obesity. First, parents’ promotion of healthy eating habits/foods and limiting, if not eliminating, sugary items (American Heart Association, 2015). As stated previously, children tend to follow in the footsteps of their role models (Bhadoria, Choundary, Kumar, Sahoo, Sahoo, Sofi, 2015). Therefore, by guardians promoting and providing these nutrient filled foods, it will contribute to a healthy lifestyle for the child’s sake. For instance, introducing zucchini noodles instead of angel hair noodles when making pasta, or a mozzarella dough the next time making pizza. Modifying dishes will help parents and their children to live a happy life (American Heart Association, 2015). Finally, aid children in understanding the importance of exercise, and help them to continue to stay active (American Heart Association, 2015).
In conclusion, the poisonous obesity-monster that continues to grow throughout America everyday causing our nation to get more unhealthy each day. Hopefully, this paper educated the audience on the background knowledge of obesity, its triggers, consequences, and advice on how to prevent it or stop it. As Gandhi once said, “You must be the change you wish to see in the world”. America, be that change in the world and stay healthy!
References
- Preventing Childhood Obesity: Tips for Parents and Caretakers. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyKids/ChildhoodObesity/Preventing-Childhood-Obesity-Tips-for-Parents-and-Caretakers_UCM_456118_Article.jsp#.W1eOmtJKhPY
- Childhood Obesity and the Brain. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/your-brain-food/201501/childhood-obesity-and-the-brain
- Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408699/
- Overweight in Children. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyKids/ChildhoodObesity/Overweight-in-Children_UCM_304054_Article.jsp#.W1gcq9JKhPY
- Motivational Quotes. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/motivational
- Healthy Schools. (2018, January 29). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyschools/obesity/facts.htm
- The State of Childhood Obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://stateofobesity.org/childhood/
- What is Dementia? Dementia vs Alzheimer's Disease. (2018, April 08). Retrieved from https://healthjade.com/what-is-dementia/
Cite this page
The Causes and Effects of Youth Obesity. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
The Childhood Obesity Proposal
Introduction
Wellbeing & Nutrients for Kids is a new upcoming event, which is aimed at parents, children, teachers and anyone working with kids to educate them about the growing numbers of chronic diseases which are developed by poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity. Due to living in fast paced environment and the easy access to technology and fast foods, Ireland is increasingly experiencing obesity in children from a very young age. Obesity is a huge issue in Ireland, recent studies have found that one in four children is overweight or obese. According to Safefood `Parents find it difficult to recognise that their child’s weight is not healthy`. Just 1% of children in the State were classed as obese in 1975, but this has risen to 9% among girls and 10% among boys.
This event will be a great opportunity to show how poor diet and lack of motion affects the wellbeing and health of the children, which then leads to more serious conditions such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer. Most energy intake children consume comes from sugary foods such as biscuits, cakes, processed foods and sugary drinks. Many children do not meet the dietary recommendations which include fruit and vegetables. Childhood is a period where children need the right nutrients in order for the right development and growth. If families and teachers are not aware of the serious issues related to this problem, Ireland will be facing an epidemic of sick children who are more than likely to become sick adults. Obesity is not only an issue with weight, it also leads to several chronic diseases developed in adulthood.
As Slimline Studio is a promoter of a healthy lifestyle, they feel like it is their duty to educate parents and anyone working with children about obesity and how it impacts the children’s quality of life. Slimline Studio is looking for funders who will provide this event with financial funding to enhance the quality of the event. These are the three organisations who provide financial funding and the goals of these funders match the goals and objectives of this event:
- HSE/National Lottery Grants
- The Community Foundation and
- National Children’s Research centre.
Grant Applications
A grant is a quantity of money, i.e. financial funding given by a government, association or specific individual for a specific reason. In contrast to loan, you do not need or have to pay back the cash. According to Charles Baden “Many events rely on funding from national, regional or local government, grants from quangos (such as Arts Council or Sport England), sponsorship or flexible credit terms from supplier”. (Bladen, 2018, pg. 140).
Most of grant applications request for the same information, however they frequently come in different formats. Stokes believes “Good grant writing involves a well-planned message and an appropriate communication strategy that delivers the message persuasively to a target audience” (Stoke,2012,). Some grant applications may have set of questions to answer, while others will request a proposal outlining the information of target project. Grant applications should begin by creating a rough draft. First, focus on getting the majority of the main ideas on paper. Look at the draft and after that expand on key focuses that readers will like best. Successful grant writing involves several activities, which includes planning, searching for data and resources, packaging and writing a proposal, submitting a proposal to a funder and follow up.
Here are some tips on writing grants
- Find the right funding sources – Once the project/event is designed and event details are settled, it’s time to find the appropriate funding grantors. Most libraries provide sources related to grant funding, which can help identify public and private funding sources, foundations and any government associations that accept RFPs (Request for proposals). For best results, search for funding programs whose goals match closely to your project/event.
- Stick to the guidelines – Always follow an established process in grant writing as most funders have their own application forms and guidelines. Some organisations only accept proposals by invitation only. Sometimes, the requirements for completing the proposal are listed in the RFP, which serves as a preparation guideline. It is important to follow the specific guidelines of the funder certain projects/events have targeted when grant writing. One of the main reason’s applicants fail and are rejected is due to applicants failing to follow the grantors guidelines.
- Are you ready to begin writing? – Grant writing starts with an idea. To submit a successful application, event/project must be a fully researched, well-developed and feasible project plan. Here are some of the main elements of grant proposals:
- Project description - goals of the project, objectives, what the event is trying to achieve, mission statement, why is the event being organised, who is organising it and where and when will the event be held?
- Benefits - what are the benefits of hosting an event, who will benefit from the event, potential outcomes.
- Budget - ` A clear budget narrative is often crucial to a grant proposal success` (Geever, Foundation centre, 2007). A budget should include incomes, expenditures and sponsorships.
- Supporting materials – only submit any supporting materials if it is required in order to support the application. This could include photographs, references and financial documents.
(Digitalcommons.unl.edu, 2019)
It is important to remember that these proposals are competing against number of different proposals. To be successful, proposals must be written in a strong, persuasive style that has clear goals and objectives of the project/event and it matches the goals of the potential funder (Wisdom, Riley and Myers, 2015).
Event Details
What?
Wellbeing and Nutrients for Kids is a new upcoming event held at Slimline Studio in the heart of Dublin’s City Centre on the 15th May 2019. This event is aimed at parents to educate them about the importance of good nutritious food and benefits of motion. How kids eat today can highly affect their wellbeing all throughout adolescence and adulthood. Eating food that contains the important nutrients enables children to develop and grow and is crucial for children's physical and mental development.
Slimline Studio wants to motivate parents, teachers and anyone working with kids to focus on their kids’ health, healthy balance lifestyle and movement. This event is designed for all who are willing to work with their children and help them get general physical activity combined with balanced healthy diet.
The event will consist of:
- Introduction to healthy eating
- Side effects of sugary foods (physical and mental side)
- Importance of physical activity in kids
- Opportunity to try out InBody Analyser
- Food exhibition
- Opportunity to try out yoga classes
- Free food/sugar free treats samples
Why?
Ireland is increasingly experiencing overweight and obese children. Two in four children in the Republic of Ireland is overweight or obese. Obese children are likely to become obese adults which then leads to long-term health issues such as diabetes or mental health. ? of the energy intake from child's diet comes from sugary drinks, biscuits, confectionery, chocolate and cake. Pre-school children watch an average of 2-5 hours television a day. 34% of preschool kids have a TV in their bedroom.
Who?
This event is being organized by Slimline Studio. As promoters of healthy and balanced lifestyle Slimline have decided to host this educational seminar to remind parents that it is never too late to introduce their kids to food and physical activity that can improve their overall wellbeing.
When and where?
The event will be held on the 15th March 2019. Slimline Studio is a modern studio located in the heart of Dublin’s city centre. With over 10 years of experience this studio provides personal weight loss programs, nutrition advice, long term maintenance of weight and fitness, gradual change of lifestyle and sense of well-being and joy of life.
Why is funding required?
Grant is needed to support this health seminar as the organisers are working with a very small budget. By providing financial funds this can enhance the quality of the event and attendees can avail of sugar-free treats, educational leaflets, free cooking recipes, tips on how to eat healthy on a budget and opportunity to do a free yoga class and experience the real benefits of motion.
This event will be free of charge for everyone who registers online. Each attendee will receive a confirmation reference number that will allow them to access the event free of charge. If the event is a success, Slimline Studio hopes to run it more often with small admission charge that will also allow them to provide the seminar around Dublin’s primary and secondary schools. Slimline Studio wants to raise awareness to health issues caused by poor dietary habits and lack of movement in children. Their main aim is to work with parents, children, teachers and any associations working with children to educate them about the importance of healthy, balance lifestyle and benefits of physical activity.
The mission statement and objectives of the event?
Mission Statement:
Our mission is to highlight and remind parents about the growing numbers of chronic diseases caused by poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity in children.
Objectives of the event:
Our objective is to educate parents about the importance of physical activity and healthy food in children. Insufficient physical activity combined with improper nutrition involves in the development of chronic diseases such as respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic diseases and mental health issues.
We want parents to understand the real harm caused by poor dietary food and sugar in children and young adults as it can lead to several chronic diseases.
We want to support and show parents that by making small changes in their everyday routines can lead to huge health benefits for their children.
We want to highlight the negative impacts of sugary foods, poor dietary habits and lack of movement, which impacts the quality of child’s life.
We want to raise awareness to parents about the issues and challenges created by excess weight in children.
Why is funding required?
By providing financial funds it can enhance the quality of the event and attendees can avail of healthy free food specifically made for this event, sugar free treats packed with a lot of nutrients and vitamins which are important in the development of a child, free cooking and baking recipes and tips on how to eat healthy on a budget. This event will be a great opportunity to try out InBody analyser which is a detailed composition that provides a detailed breakdown of weight in terms of muscle, fat and daily water intake. To understand the real benefits of physical activity, attendees can try out a free yoga class which will be put on throughout the day.
Firstly, funding will be required to provide free food on the day. The organizers of this event are aiming to provide good quality food for our audience that can be easily made at home and it will be specifically designated for this seminar. All food provided on the day is designated to help parents understand that simple healthy ingredients can be used in many ways in order to create a nutritious meals and snacks for their children. This event is necessary to inform parents about chronic diseases that can affect kids due to large consumption of sugary foods, we need to provide this event with high quality food that can be prepared with simple and inexpensive ingredients. We want to show our audience we are not trying to drastically change the way they live, but to pass on knowledge and importance of balance in our lifestyles. By making small changes in the kitchen and following simple rules, it can benefit the whole family especially the children as they need the right nutrients for their development.
Secondly, funding will be required to provide our attendees with yoga mats which attendees can keep after the event. Slimline studio is aiming for a fun day including activities for their attendees which will be all free of charge. As obesity in kids is a huge issue at the moment, we want to raise awareness to it and inform our audience about the negative impacts that evolve around it.
Lastly, funding will be required to hire a yoga instructor. Yoga is a group of mental, physical, spiritual practises or disciplines. It involves a variety of physical benefits such as: 1. Improved respiration, energy vitality 2. Maintaining a balanced metabolism 3. Weight reduction 3. Cardio and circulatory health and much more. By providing a free yoga class to our attendees it will allow them to experience different way of exercising. If right amount of funding will be granted, Slimline Studio has partnered with number of highly skilled instructors that are willing to provide discount passes which are only going to be available at this event.
Potential outcomes of the event
Slimline Studio believes that this event will encourage parents, children, teachers and any organisations working with children to make small changes in their lifestyles, after they highlight the growing numbers of chronic diseases created by poor dietary habits and lack of physical activity. Slimline studio wants to educate those who are willing to make small changes not only for their children but for the whole family. Introducing new habits can be hard but we’ve created a template which is very easy to follow and leads to long term physical and mental benefits.
Slimline Studio believe that this event will increase physical activity in families. Staff will be providing the attendees with a booklet that lists simple activities kids and families can get involved in. They have created a list of outdoor and indoor activities that are simple, fun and effective. Physical activity helps to diminish the odds of children becoming overweight or developing chronic-health related issues. They likewise help in in supporting the child’s overall development and growth.
Slimline Studio wants to create a community who are aware of what they child is eating and how certain foods and drinks can lead to several chronic diseases. This event will showcase sugar content in products kids consume on daily basis. Certain products promote that the content of the products is classed as healthy but if people learn to read labels at the back of products, they can easily find out for themselves that most products are extremely high in sugar and low in vitamins and nutrients children need for development and growth.
How much funding is required?
All costs are to cover 150 attendees.
Catering Company:
KC Peaches will be providing our event with variety of healthy options for our attendees. The menu was specifically created for this event and that is why we used simple and fresh ingredients that can be bought in any stores, so our attendees can see that all food provided on the day can be made from home and it will not be expensive. Slimline Studio will be serving delicious breakfast which will include of pastries, yogurts, fresh fruit platters, sausage rolls and bagels. Fresh juices, tea and coffee will also be available. Lunch menu will consist of sandwiches, wraps, salads and soups. Vegetarian, vegan and non-dairy options will also be available. All vegetarian, vegan and non-dairy options will be labelled and served on separate tables to avoid any confusion. All food and drinks that will be left over from the event will be given to the homeless in Dublin City Centre.
Total funding needed for the catering company: €1402,75.
Yoga mats:
Yoga mats will be purchased from Elverys sports located in the Omni Shopping Centre.
Total funding required for the yoga mats: €825.
Yoga instructor will be hired from Yoga Dublin which is located in Ranelagh and Dundrum. Yoga Dublin offers diversity of classes which are suitable for beginners. As they are highly skilled instructors who care about the wellbeing of their customers, they are offering great family and individual passes that are going to be exclusively available for our attendees.
Total funding required to hire a yoga instructor: €250.
Flyers and leaflets will be provided for our attendees with healthy cooking and baking recipes, indoor & outdoor physical activity ideas, and much more.
Total funding required for flyers & brochures: €93.50.
Total funding amount: €2,571.25.
Section 7: Budget (Income & Expenditure)
Income:
1. Venue (Free)
2. Staff (3 personal trainers) (Free)
3. InBody Analyser (Free)
4. Fitness equipment (Free)
Slimline Studio is hosting this event on their premises so therefore the venue will be free of charge.
Expenditure:
1. Catering Company €1402,75
2. Yoga Mats €825.00
3. Yoga instructor €250.00
4. Flyers & Brochures € 93.50
€2571,25
Section 8: How this event matches the goals of the funder?
The Health Service Executive (HSE) provides all of Irelands public health services in hospitals and communities across the country. The National Lottery Grants are provided by the HSE as they are distributing funding to voluntary organisations and community groups who provide health and personal social services.
Slimline Studio believes this event will be great opportunity to educate families and children about the importance of creating healthy dietary habits and increasing physical activity in children as it affects their quality of life throughout childhood and adolescence and it also leads to several chronic diseases developed in adulthood.
This event will create a community who are willing to work with children to improve their quality of life. Placing an overweight or normal child on a `drastic diet plan` will result in harming a child's health and wellbeing. It can negatively affect their normal development and growth, and it can also harm their self-esteem. Focusing just on child's weight can damage their wellbeing and may cause additional over-eating. We want parents, teachers and anyone who works with children to focus on the child and not their weight! Regardless of their shape or weight, assist them to respect and love themselves by applauding their strengths and skills.
This has been less effective in the last decade since modern technology and fast paced environment has not only taken over adults but also children are trying to familiarise themselves with technology from younger age rather than outside activities which would have been a norm for a child prior to tablets and technology being of interest to them.
This event will try and bring the physical activities of children back and make them aware of their importance as that is usually forgotten when technology becomes a part of their everyday habit. Not only is this event beneficial for children but also for the HSE as it can reduce the number of minors suffering with chronical diseases and obesity. This will give the HSE a chance to improve themselves by not having such a high number of these types of cases. People nowadays have become so busy with their everyday lives and they do not have the time to reflect on not only themselves but also on the wellbeing of their children, food being the prime example. The more this becomes aware in our society the better results we will have and the HSE will not only have less patients which means less money and time but also a healthier society which is what the HSEs goals are.
References
- Bladen, C. (2018). Events management. New York: Routledge.
- Stokes, K. (2012), Modality Approach to successful grant writing, Technical Communications Journal, Vol. 59, Number 3, August 2012.
- Wisdom, J., Riley, H. and Myers, N. (2015). Recommendations for Writing Successful Grant Proposals. Academic Medicine, 90(12), pp.1720-1725.
- Geever, J. C., & Foundation Centre. (2007). The Foundation Centre’s guide to proposal writing. New York: The Foundation Centre.
- http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3524&context=libphilprac [Accessed 4 Jan. 2019].
- HSE.ie. (2019). Ireland's Health Services - HSE.ie. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.ie/eng/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2019].
- Communityfoundation.ie. (2019). The Community Foundation. [online] Available at: https://www.communityfoundation.ie/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2019].
- National Children's Research Centre. (2019). Home - National Children's Research Centre. [online] Available at: https://www.nationalchildrensresearchcentre.ie/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2019].
Cite this page
The Childhood Obesity Proposal. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
On Gender Equality Issue
Activism is defined as an action or a specific policy of utilizing and using very dynamic campaigning and marketing to bring about political and social change within the economy and the world as a whole. I believe that the history that companies have in activism is that they use their exploits to a full advantage. When it comes to activism, I believe that the concept itself is similar to how one uses a marketing tool (snapchat, instagram, and facebook) to grow their fan base and followers. In a way, when it comes to activism, it is a form of marketing to help a company grow in a positive and efficient direction. For example: in the late 1970’s, there was a activism of disable veterans from the World War 1 to the Gulf war who were actively seeking medical services, education, benefits, and even a jobs. At the time, this impacted the disability rights movements.
In the late 1970’s, people with disabilities occupied the sixth floor of the department of health, welfare, and education for 25 days to protest the secretary knows as Joseph Califano. To help the veterans, activist groups protested and fought for the rights for these veterans. The activist groups did strikes, made signs, and made campaigns on behalf of the rights for these amazing veterans. In current day, there are massive activist groups that fight for a greater cause in this society. The biggest group that I can honestly think of is the groups that fight for the LGBTQ rights. When it comes to our modern society, the biggest problem is gender equality. There are countries that have a gender issues for instance: India and Iraq. These countries are known for their reputation as males being the absolute dominant species, which is not right.
With the rise of unions, I believe that the turn of the 20th century with activism has crossed over. in this day and age, activism movements and plots to how a group markets are the same as before. For instance, campaigning, making signs, and even strikes are still in full effect, which were also in full effect in the past. In a way, as time progresses, society and procedures tend to evolve within our technology. I will say that the procedures and everything overall has changed within activism but at the same time, it only changed because of technology. The definition and the reason towards activist groups has not changed which means technically, activism from the earlier days till now, that has not changed.
The industry that I feel more enlightened about activism is the human rights groups. When it comes to human rights, I am enlightened about the gender equality movement and how certain groups really take stride in the hopes for a positive future in the gender equality sector. In a way, in this day and age, men and women are not treated as equals. In my personal perspective from being in the military and from working in the civilian world, I have witness a disconnect in treatments towards men and women. At times, men are treated with more superiority than females while at times, females are more pampered than males. It is absolutely respectful to how human rights groups demonstrate a better cause and show an effort for a better future, such as the YWCA of the city of New York City and other groups.
Historic figures associated with the YW and NYC are of the following: Dorothy height- Born on March 24th , 1912 in Richmond, VA. Dorothy Height is an African American activist that spent her life fighting for civil rights and women rights. During her living and tenure as an activist, Dorothy Height was the president of the National council of Negro Women and one of the most influential and leaders of the civil rights movements while also defending for women rights. Vanessa K. Bush- Vanessa K. Bush is an award winning journalist who has won the “W” award which is the highest award that the YWCA will give. Vanessa was awarded due to her efforts and because she is a innovator, a visionary, a trendsetter, and she fully embodies the spirit of the ywca of the city of new york.
Alejandra Y. Castillo, Esq- Alejandra is the CEO of the YWCA of the City of New York. While serving as the CEO of the YWCA of the City of New York, she has served over 2 million women and girls al around the country and in more than 40 states. Alejadra was even appointed by former President Obama administration to serve as their nation director of minority business development agency while becoming the very first Hispanic American women to lead the agency. Alejandra has become a great influence within our society and she is the reigning and a great figure towards the human rights movement and towards women equality rights as a whole.
The YW serves girls that are 9-24, but they have a network of corporate women leaders that they want to cultivate. The topics that would be of interest to each of these groups are how to live in society, deal with sexism, and deal with racism. In this day and age, sexism and racism is a big issue. Men and women are constantly in a battle to which species are the more dominant. In some states and countries, women are viewed as the inferior species as to oppose to the men, which is not a good thing at all. I believe that the biggest voices that will affect these newer generations are the famous voices. Getting celebrities involved within the human rights and gender equality issues is very imperative. I believe that it is important to show the world and educate the kids and young adults about what this world consists of and how to deal with it.
In the younger generation, I believe that Vanessa K. Bush would be a great influence because of her age and the fact that she did grow up and witness to what this newer generation consists of. With Vanessa K. Bush, she is an amazing and efficient journalist who did change the world hence why she was awarded the “W” award on behalf of the YWCA of the City of New York. In the more older generation, I believe that the best influence that would be the most efficient towards that specific generation, it would be Dorothy Height.
Cite this page
On Gender Equality Issue. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Comparing Gender Equality in Language Gender
The definition of Gender role in the oxford dictionary is “The role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms”, (Oxford Dictionary). Gender differences between men and women has always played a major role in our past study of history. All civilizations are going to have their own variations and even some similarities in their own gender roles. Civilizations flooded Asia and the surrounding of the Mediterranean with thousands of years in history, although today I will be comparing and analyzing both the Egyptian and the Chinese gender roles some of the world’s greatest civilizations disregarding their distances from one another, the responsibilities of the male and female.
How they’re influenced by age, education, marriage or involvement in society whether of jobs or government of the region in ancient times. In Ancient China during the Western Zhou time women were not as equal to men in many different ways. According to our Worlds of history book, in ancient China the ideas of Confucius have been most influential which believes the basis for social order and morality begins in human interaction (Reilly, 156). The major difference between male and female happen to be more of unequal powers between the male and female in the household, “baby girls didn’t bring as much joy to the family because the valued the son more.” Therefore, which would make them unworthy of education only the higher rank or scholars of girls which were very few would receive education (Shen & D’Ambrosio).
This caused most of the women to be illiterate at the time. They suffered from jobs and certain positions such as females could never become a leader or take part in the ancient Chinese government. Women were responsible for taking on the inner ones such as family relations and housework giving birth to the children was their highest priorities. While Men were responsible for dealing with the outer work such as economic and political affairs. Marriages in ancient China were usually arranged by both sides of the family, economic and social considerations were favorable in everyone’s minds. Late teen for women biographies suggests that women were getting married from the ages between thirteen and seventeen. Remarriage was accepted for both the men and women but Confucius began to speak out against remarriage of women and to prohibit them. Men typically were getting married in early 20s but only if they can afford having a wife and children (Vivante, 14) As in Ancient Egypt civilization genders in the middle east there happen to have many similarities to the Chinese.
The central value was “ma ‘at” a concept of harmony and balance in all aspects of life (Cartwright). Which is going to be very similar in a way with the Chinese idea of Confucius which promoted morality and social order is the beginning of human interactions. Another great similarity was men and women shared same culture related in the household compared to the Chinese, women bearing and raising the children until they are old enough. While men taught the boys to trade and getting involved in society. Women in this ancient Egyptian civilization were equal to men in all areas “Men fought, ran the government, and managed the farm; women cooked, sewed, and managed the house” (Mark ,89). However, men were considered the head of the household and were in positions of authority such as rulers, generals and even kings, as well as women could hold the jobs they wanted within limits with some getting into governmental jobs which wasn’t possible for women in the Chinese societies.
As for education in both of these ancient civilizations was more favoring for the boys to pursue school learning at a beginning age while the girls stayed home and focused on household care. (Gender roles, 2000) By comparing these ancient civilizations and analyzing their gender roles, it helped identify the similarities and differences they had. Both civilizations have thousands of years of history buried in their cultures and knowing the gender roles at the time can help us identify the changes that were made over time and to analyze whether they are an improvement to civilization. This can be important for the course of world history because it allows us to know the roles, male and females were entitled to at the time. It allows us to relate ourselves to ancient times.
Whether inside the household or in schools, gender roles between these civilizations proves there can be similarities between the two sides of the world the Mediterranean and China. We also learn the rights and gender equality that was taking place how Egyptian civilation was a giving the female as equal rights as the man. This was different than all other civilizations at that time and really set an example for all other civilizations. By females advantaging from equal rights this will encourage healthier respected relationships in society. Thousands of years later It is difficult to fully understand the role of genders in ancient Egyptian society because the understandings of the society and governments are still incomplete. However, Ancient Egypt and ancient china were both societies dominated by men.
Going over many similarities and differences tend to build a modern perception in our minds upon these groups of how both genders had essential roles in the household in both civilizations. As for China, they are known for their strict culture and more of a strict gender upon women and their involvement in society and jobs. It explains to us how difficult it was fulfilling your role if you were female at the time, in that which shaped the perceptions on roles by getting both males and females involved and developed more in society of this era. The responsibilities of the male and female. How they’re influenced by age, education, marriage or involvement in society helps us learn from the thoughts and mistakes made at that time, females deserve a right to education just as equal to men. And by giving the genders equal rights and respect in society, it will often lead to better opportunity for the family.
Cite this page
Comparing Gender Equality In Language Gender. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Feminism and Gender Equality
The Victorian Age was both an era of misery, poverty, and exploitation, and also the prosperity of the upper and middle classes. Additionally, in Victorian Literature there was a significant number of feminist writers that emerged after the dramatic changes in society that resulted from the industrial revolution. For instance, many poets were more indirect and had other views of feminism but, some displayed their anger and dissatisfaction towards society directly through their work. On the other hand, there were also works that emphasized women's superiority to men without just analyzing the existing gender roles. In Elizabeth Barret Browning's poem, 'Aurora Leigh' portrays a feminism and gender equality while in Christina Rossetti's poem, 'Goblin Market' portrays a feminism role within sisterhood without the male gender.
Elizabeth Barret Browning was born in Durham, England in 1806. She was a Victorian poet and, most of her poems involve social and political issues. One of her greatest achievements is 'Aurora Leigh' it was published in 1857 this was one of the first major poems in literature to have the heroine be a woman writer. It is written in different sections making it a total of nine books. It is observed by critics as poetry promoting the ideals of feminism and gender equality. Society had set limitations on women because of the role they carry upon them. In 'Aurora Leigh', Browning depicts an independent and intelligent young woman. She demonstrates the obstacles women from the Victorian era had to overcome.
The first book commences with a description of her childhood in Florentine. Her mother died when she was just four years old and then her father died when she was thirteen years old. She was sent to live in England with her aunt at Leigh Hall. Her father inspired the love of literature, but her hopes of becoming a writer prevailed over the typical woman's education that her aunt gives her. Aurora makes observations on her aunt stating that 'Her somewhat narrow forehead braided tight / As if for taming accidental thoughts/ From possible pulses...' (274-276).
Her aunt embodies Browning's idea of the kind of woman society honors. She was proper and never endeavored anything that might be controversial. Also, the aunt pulls her hair tight and close to her head to avert what Aurora Leigh thinks bad thoughts from occurring. Aurora also states, She had lived A sort of cage-bird life, born in a cage, Accounting that to leap from perch to perch Was act and joy enough for any bird (306-309). The cage can be a symbol of oppression and entrapment women from the Victorian period felt. They are prepared from a very young age a preconceived idea of the position women are supposed to follow that this demonstrates how confined they are with their roles.
Cite this page
Feminism And Gender Equality. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Final Capstone Essay: Childhood Obesity
A quick prick and the blood comes gushing out of her finger. My grandma who has a severe form of diabetes sits and measures her blood sugar level on the glucometer. She gives me a quick look and tells me to go get her clear bag with injections from the refrigerator. I dart towards the fridge and grab what looks to be a syringe and hand it to my grandma. She slowly lifts up her shirt and injects herself with clear looking medicine. At the time I did not know what she was doing so as a curious little girl I questioned what she was doing and why she was doing it.
She stated “This is what happens when you eat too much candy as a kid. Its diabetes kiddo!” I was astounded, but I still did not understand what she was trying to say. As intrusive as I was, I asked my dad what diabetes was and he told me “it’s when someone consumes an excessive amount of sugar and they cannot control their sugar intake so as a result they have to take insulin shots to regulate their sugar level. It can stem from childhood obesity, so watch what you eat”. From this point on, my curiosity sparked and has led me to my capstone idea of obesity and how it relates to children.
Obesity is a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body. The question that needs to be addressed is what are the causes of obesity and how can it be prevented among children. The latest data according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey shows that the national obesity rate among youth ages 2 to 19 is 18.5%.z To further investigate the issue of obesity among children, I researched how obesity impacts the body, is impacted by diseases and bodily functions, methods that are used to treat this, and how obesity is directly related to the rise in other medical issues. More children are becoming consumed by this epidemic each year as they struggle to recognize the detrimental effects of obesity on their bodies.
Overall, the research conducted regarding this issue served a greater purpose and helped to inform me about several different aspects. Obesity is a disease that can often be managed through physical activity, diet, and the appropriate use of insulin and other medications to control blood sugar levels (Kahn 1). People with obesity are at an increased risk of serious health complications including premature death, vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and amputation of toes, feet, or legs (Krushnapriya Sahoo et al. 3).
The general public is not aware of how detrimental this disease can be. This not only includes the methods that are used to treat this disease, and how obesity is directly related to the rise in medical issues (Parsons 583). The number of children that suffer from this disease increases every year. The parents are the ones that are in control of the child’s diet when they have children that are on the verge of developing obesity or have obesity (Vittrup and McClure 1). In order to secure our future, it is crucial that the parents and the small children be cognizant of the effects of obesity and take the precautions necessary so they do not develop it in the future.
Cite this page
Final Capstone Essay: Childhood Obesity. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
Gender Equality for Political Science
My name is Hridayam Agarwal, and I am a senior at Northeastern University, where I major in Political Science and Economics with a minor in International Affairs. I believe that one thing that ties all my internships, extra-curricular activities and academic curriculum together is my passion for making a difference and practicing human rights. My productivity is best channeled when I'm working towards something that creates human impact and so, writing about Rwanda’s patriarchal break through is an opportunity I did not want to miss upon. Even as one of the poorest nations in the world, I am intrigued by how Rwanda presents an extraordinary case in political science by earning more remarkable milestones for gender equality and accelerating sustainable development than most countries on a global spectrum.
Post the Rwandan Genocide of 1994, the call for equality was led by Paul Kagame, the President of Rwanda. Rwanda was so broken and demolished that it could not be rebuild by just men’s labor. As John Stuart Mill once said, “When society requires to be rebuilt, there is no use in attempting to rebuild it on the old plan”. Kagame did exactly that. He realized that to re-establish his nation, he needed to utilize all the talent in the country and give women the chance to be in the spotlight and show how worthwhile their contributions can be. Given that after the genocide, Rwanda’s population was 70 percent female, it seemed like a perfect fit. Kagame’s efforts to integrate women into the reconstruction process to protect their rights, help them attain equal education opportunities and gain ownership of property, and sustain the national economy was outstanding.
This chapter is going to focus on how the Rwandan Genocide reshaped the idea of patriarchy and affected the nation’s sovereignty, by tracing the steps taken by women to reach their positions of power. This chapter will start by providing a short examination on women’s status pre-genocide, followed by the leadership roles that women took in politics post genocide. This chapter will provide an in-depth analysis on women’s social and political roles, the use of soft power, and the women-led organizations that helped mothers and vulnerable women rebuild their lives post genocide. It will also touch upon men’s post-genocide perceptions and the role of education in challenging gender stereotypes. A chapter on women is significant because it shows how a ‘dead nation’ rose from genocide to become the most representative place for women in the world.
From women being proclaimed as just mothers, daughters, wives, and sisters, to being representatives and spokespersons for Rwanda, they have come a long way. A chapter on how women broke through patriarchy post-genocide sends a important message to the entire world on the powerful force that women have when they support each other. Being subjected to a role based on traditional values does not define who and how a person should be. We’re always being told to break out of the ordinary, cherish our individuality and think outside the box. Aren't these the premises that Rwanda re-built itself on? Women are the key to empowering other women, and Rwandan women taking political office to wage peace should be the biggest instigator for women around the world to feel empowered. I believe that learning and exploring the history of a nation that went through a genocide, dramatic changes in its demographics, bloodshed and mayhem, and seeing how women emerged as the powerful forces is unbelievably empowering.
These Rwandan women, who were formerly seen as victims and survivors of the genocide, who were left to be vulnerable and fragile, played an impressive role in upheaving Rwanda. They broke past patriarchal norms by changing the gender roles. In pre-genocide Rwanda, it was almost unheard of for women to own land or take a job outside the home. It is commendable to see how most of these women who had never been educated or raised with the expectations of a career, had risen to such great heights. The purpose of this chapter is to raise awareness on how ideas about gender came from Rwanda itself, not from outside. Usually, notions of gender equality appear to be imported from the west rather than indigenous to the local cultures and region. With so many imbalanced governments in the world today, I would like to see if Rwanda’s women-led political and social model can be replicated in other African nations.
Moreover, I would like to examine whether Rwanda’s seat quota would work in nations globally. The Rwandan women created a model of peace, security and leadership, and it just shows that when women don't lead, countries lose. Without vigorous efforts to realize women’s basic human rights, several ethnic minorities, marginalized religious groups and other populations remain underrepresented even today. While there are several studies, debates and research papers on the Rwandan Genocide, there are comparatively lesser written on the role that women played in refurbishing Rwanda. Researchers and writers usually, while discussing gender equality and representation of women in government, cite three countries as exemplary: Finland, Sweden, and Canada. However, post the Rwandan genocide, they can no longer boast for having the highest global female representation in parliament.
Many remain unaware that Rwanda has advanced significantly in terms of gender and power, specifically in terms of the number of women in elected political positions. Since this chapter critiques women’s patriarchal break through post-genocide, the secondary research data will be qualitative in nature. Qualitative research methods have been proven to be more compatible with gender related research, as it allows for a deeper understanding of the underlying structures in society with gender roles at the core. This chapter will include and analyze interviews that were conducted with Rwandan women and men who held leadership positions in government, as well as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) operating in Rwanda. While the organizations vary in mandate, featuring different parts of the post-genocide patriarchal break-through, they have provided this paper with elaborate, distinct insights.
Civil society organizations that have helped rebuild lives and communities in Rwanda will also serve as resourceful research units. Documentaries, case studies, and ethnographic reports conducted by researchers who have stayed, visited and worked in Rwanda are also going to be used as trustworthy sources. Collecting data from multiple sources is key to ensuring the high quality of this chapter’s findings. Getting varying answers, even if they're contradictory, provides for a rich vein of material. The purpose of the literature review is to compare and contrasts claims and arguments made in this chapter, especially when there are remarks on historical contexts. This chapter will present relevant research studies that are both, empirical and theoretical in nature. For instance, Rao and Kelleher (2005) emphasize on how “change must occur at both the personal and social level for gender equality to be realized”.
They believe that making inequitable changes to social systems and institutions is a prerequisite for addressing the root causes of gender inequality. In Rwanda, women were encouraged to take up non-traditional political, economical and social roles that forced them to think of themselves differently. Rao and Kelleher’s theory can be used to explain Kagame’s need to to rebuild a new political model by giving women an opportunity to have their voices heard and represented in local, state and national affairs. Moving forward, this chapter is going to establish a critical and clear connection between women’s inclusion in society and politics, and the increasing prosperity and stability in Rwanda post genocide.
Devlin and Elgie (2008) argue that women’s issues, including issues of equality and education in Rwanda, are more likely to be addressed through an increased female participation in politics. Joseph S. Nye’s concept of ‘Soft power’ is based on a persuasive approach, that typically involves the use of economic or cultural influence. Devlin and Elgie’s argument in conjunction with Nye’s concept of soft power will be explored in this chapter to help strengthen the argument of how valuable and critical Rwandan women’s contributions are to their political economy. Moreover, Hogg (2010) emphasizes on how women have been subject to the patriarchal structure of the traditional Rwandan society, and how the gender-based division of labor was instilled at an early age. Hogg’s critique on the relationship that men and women shared on a social level, whether it was in regards to how dependent women were on their husbands or how strongly underrepresented women were in politics, can be compared to the post-genocide social atmosphere and changing political demographics in Rwanda.
Furthermore, Clark (2005) highlights that a country’s institution influences the effectiveness of the gender quota i.e. the the country’s democratic nature influences the effectiveness of gender quotas. Juxtaposed to her views, Barnes & Burchard (2012) argue that women seize their opportunities through political transitions, which empowers them to strive for more representation. This chapter will explore how Rwandan women, through the amalgamation of both these theories, reached to their position in power. While designing this chapter, I came across a few complications. Firstly, the genocide and subsequent aftermath was, has, and will always remain as a very sensitive topic in Rwanda. This very sensitivity and tact plays a major barrier in the data collection process. The world admirably views Rwanda’s reconciliation and reconstruction efforts but, women’s motivation to lead the country seems to be more about choosing survival then being resilient.
Secondly, language barriers in developing nations play an important, common role in hindering interviews and research data sets. Words can be lost in translation, in the fear of speaking too much, or being overwhelmed by the interviewers questioning. Thirdly, not being able to conduct direct interviews prevents me from getting an accurate screening for questions based on gender, age, or race. There is also no way of knowing how relaxing and comfortable the setting for interviewees had been. The emotions and real effects of the genocide and the reconciliation would also have been better represented during direct, face-to-face interviews. Since this chapter aims to identify shared perceptions of women’s participation and patriarchal break-through, this study will also not be able to bring forward the voice of every individual.
Cite this page
Gender Equality For Political Science. (2022, Feb 01).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2022/02/page/8/
