Month: October 2021
Being Greek Correlates with a Lower Mean Score
According to a study conducted at an unnamed “large public university located in the midwestern United States” by researchers of Miami University, greek affiliation is correlated with lower grade-point average. In an interview with one of the researchers, William E. Even, about the study’s findings, he stated that “when students join a fraternity or sorority it tends to have a negative effect on their grades, specifically during spring semester when recruitment processes typically take place.” From this observation, Even suggest that a closer look in to the pledging processes in consideration of GPA effects and a countering of the widely held and advertised belief that joining greek organizations will universally help grades is called for.
After the release of this study, Dani Weatherword, Director of the National Panhellenic Conference Indianapolis, and Judson Harras, President & CEO of the North American Interfraternity Conference Carmel, Indiana, responded to the study’s claims with a letter citing multiple studies that tell the story of the correlation of greek affiliation and student success as a whole.
Weatherword and Harras state that as a whole “research findings have consistently supported that membership has a dramatic, positive impact on retention and persistence graduation.” One study in particular that was listed cites that fraternity members are 20% more likely to graduate, as well as the fact that membership in a fraternity or sorority has a positive correlation with persistence to graduation, citing “90% of fraternity/sorority members compared to 70% of non-affiliated students were enrolled during their senior year.” Through this letter and cited studies, we see the rhetorical move of Weatherword and Harras taking one aspect of academic success, GPA, and sticking it in to a larger schema of aspects of academic success.
In my opinion, greek affiliation does not necessarily increase academic performance across the board, but it does provide those affiliated with skills that are crucial in post-graduate life. Whether it be a leadership role, recruitment skills, or volunteer work, greek affiliation equips students with abilities that are truly developed outside of the classroom and cannot be measured by “academic success.”
This study backs my opinion, finding that fraternity men have “higher levels of development” in critical thinking, self-awareness, communication, diversity, citizenship, leadership, and relationships. In summation, Greek Life is, at its core, an extracurricular activity, and while this involvement serves to potentially limit academic success, so do other forms of involvement on campus. Greek affiliation, instead, supplements what the typical university in higher education cannot necessarily provide– out of classroom experience and knowledge integral to post-graduation success.
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Lena Younger Character as the Matriarch of the Family
Commonly referred to as “Mama,” Lena Younger is the matriarchal head of the household, the mother of Walter Lee and Beneatha, and grandmother of Travis. As a religious woman, Mama firmly advocates traditional values, genuinely cares about everyone in the family, and is a well-balanced blend of both idealistic and realistic dreamer. The author Lorraine Hansberry portrays Lena Younger as the core of the family. Playing the traditional 'mother role', Mama is a firm believer in supporting the family.
On page 145, Mama said to Beneath: 'When you start measuring somebody, measure him right'. She taught her daughter an important lesson to not to judge a book by its cover and to view things from different perspectives. Even though Walter makes a mistake losing all the insurance money, Mama still loves him. She demands all family members support Walter and respect each other. Not only to set moral standards, Mama also maintains the orders in the household, as the head of the family.
Mama counts on god to be the reason she gets up from bed every morning, and to give her the strength to overcome difficult circumstances. Various conflicts arouse, when Beneath said God does not exist, when Walter wants to invest a liquor store, and when Ruth seeks for abortion. Mama is very strict about religion beliefs, when it comes to her children. She did not allow any disrespect of God happen in the household. Mama is the most caring character in “A Raisin in the Sun”. She wants her children to live happily and fulfill their dreams.
Not only she cares about the harmony of the family as a whole, she also deeply cares about each one of the family members. Mama is fond of Ruth. She consults her to see the bright side of the future when Ruth feels the bleak of life. She always has Travis on her mind. Mama believes it is essential to offer Travis a yard to play in, and a better place to sleep than the couch in the living room. It is quite clear to the readers that Mama does not like the idea that Beneatha is not playing the traditional 'woman role', and insists to be a doctor.
However, Mama still supports her dream by saving 3000 dollars of the insurance money for her medical school tuition. It has been mentioned a few times in the play that the concept of investing a liquor store seems unreligious to Mama. By giving Walter 6500 dollars of money and saying 'It ain't much, but it's all I got in the world and I'm putting it in your hands. I'm telling you to be the head of this family from now on like you supposed to be', nevertheless, Mama decides to provide whatever she has to her son and expects him to manage the family. In the 1950s, when the blacks were separated but equal, Mama has her American dream.
To move into a nice house, have a yard and a harmonious family are all Mama wants in her entire life. It is not irrational to say that Mama is a well-balanced blend of both idealistic and realistic dreamer. Mama's American dream is ideal, but approachable. Unlike Beneatha's dream to be a doctor, which she gives up towards the end of the play, Mama knew she will achieve her dream in her lifespan, and carefully planned for it. In the 1950s, African Americans were fighting for equal status in society. Racial segregation against blacks made Mama's dream harder to be achieved. No matter how bad the case is, Mama does her best to improve her family's situation.
'Son-I just tried to find the nicest place for the least amount of money for my family.' (p93) As Mama is looking for a place for the Youngers to move into with the insurance money, she set her eyes on a house located in Clybourne Park. Lena Younger plays the most critical role in the play, who urges the family to move forward and upward, learns to appreciate her children’s dreams, and finally transfers the power of the family to her son Walter. She would love to keep the standards and the orders of the family, mind her children and grandchild, and dream to buy a nice house.
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Integration of Gods Character in the Workplace
For most managers today they may not know how to handle situations that may arise in the workplace. These individuals have employees who will upset them at some point. It is important for these managers to keep a sense of peace while making crucial decisions that affect not only their employees but also the corporation. We will look at how Gods teachings and using Gods character will lead to managers making a more competent decisions and by not escalating the situation. This must be achieved by using balance within the organization to make it more effective.
Handing situations with Gods character
From the Biblical Integration case study, we do see the Brand Manager making informed decisions regarding Mr. Emerson’s less than professional behaviors. Ellen, the Branch Manager did handle the situation with compassion by weighing in on the complaints being made by employees who felt they are being mistreated by Mr. Emerson. It is also apparent that Ellen did use mercy by not terminating Mr. Emerson after the first few complaints. This handling is best reflected in “But God being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ – by grace you have been saved”
Ellen not only showed mercy to Mr. Emerson but she also showed the love she has for the insubordinates who Mr. Emerson did upset by his mishandling of a few situations. Ellen did handle the situation correctly by using Gods graces and mercy. She gave Mr. Emerson time to correct his behavior, that he only chose to correct, when he felt it was necessary. Mr. Emerson would correct his poor leadership skills only when he felt his employment was threatened. Ellen did her job effectively by relieving Mr. Emerson of his duties after attempting to correct his negative and destructive behavior to his employees.
Without God’s Character
Ellen did utilize God’s character. She did not make a decision that was without God’s character. If she had made any decision without God’s Character Mr. Emerson would have been terminated long before he was let, go. She did use God’s teaching of, God is good. She not only took the time to explain his duties of the new role but also try to show Gods love, compassion, and kindness in doing so. She tried to show favor as well since she did let the minor infractions go by not correcting the on occasion missed deadline or the transposed numbers. By the end of Mr. Emerson career Ellen did show another one of Gods character traits of “God is just” by doing what was right and just by terminating Mr. Emerson do to his insubordination of not following company policy.
Handling the situation differently
Although Ellen did handle the situation professionally as well as respectfully there are a few different avenues that may have been taken. When Ellen heard the first few complaints, she could have insisted that Mr. Emerson retake the coaching and mentoring instruction of his employees over again in a refresher course. This should have been a requirement so Mr. Emerson would not have the excuse he had forgotten some of the policies. Ellen could have also insisted that Mr. Emerson treat his employees as well as he did his customers. He evidently knew how to build his customer base by treating them better than he did his employees.
This could have been pointed out to Mr. Emerson if he treated his employees as well as his customers, he would have a stronger team in which to work with. This would have made his branch even more successful instead of creating a negative or hostile work environment. Mr. Emerson should have taken personal responsibility of his actions instead of just denying them. Denying his issues did not solve them since he was terminated for the negative behavior towards his staff. This should have been dealt with in a timelier manner.
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Mesmerizing Places of Bangkok
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is a fascinating city. Visitors come to admire ornate royal palaces, renowned Buddhist temples, exotic street food and vibrant spirit of the city that never sleeps. A visit to Wat Pho that shelters Reclining Buddha, Wat Arun, Erawan Shrine, Grand Palace, and Chatuchak Market are just some of the attractions. Visitors can find out more about history in the Bangkok National Museum. They can take a boat trip along the Chao Phraya River and have wonderful views of the city.
In Bankgok, visitors can spoil themselves in Thai massage parlours. They can go shopping or enjoy Bangkok’s night life. (2 days)
You must visit these places
Sukhothai
Sukhothai, a peaceful rural city about 400 km north of Bangkok is a perfect place to experience the charms of Thailand’s pastoral life. It is a UNESCO World Heritage City – the birthplace of Thai civilisation. Its name means the Dawn of happines and even that might be a good reason to visit it. Fewer visitors come to this relatively isolated city, which makes visiting its attractions more enjoyable.
Sukhothai Historical Park and Si Sathchanalai Historical Park are sites with major temple ruins, some over 800 years old. The spiritual centre of Wat Mahathat in Sukhothai Historical Park and the site of the former royal palaces are the most significant parts.
The Sukhothai monuments belong to three different styles. Numerous temples lie across the area scattered like gems. A valuable archeological collection can be seen at Ramkhamhaeng National Museum. (1 day)
Lampang
It would be a pity not to visit the authentic gem of Norther Thailand on the way to Chiang Mai. This serene city will cuddle travellers trying to avoid crowds. It is small and peaceful, but rich with splendor. Visitors can go visiting enhancing Buddhist temples, historic monuments and museums. However, scenic national parks, tranquility and unmatched beauty is what makes the area so distinguished.
The Chae Son National Park will welcome visitors with its mystical caves and spectacular Chae Son Waterfall inviting them to take a dip in hot springs. Pha Thai Cave National Park reveals 9-million-year-old limestone, stalagmites and stalactites. Visitors can climb 300 steps through green forest to reach Wat Phra Bat Pupha Daeng and see small white man-made stupas on sky-high cliffs – a miraculous sight.
The Thai Elephant Conservation Centre is an inevitable site to visit and spend time with these colossal but lovable animals.
Northern Thai cuisine will surprise you with tasty local delicacies. (2 days)
Chiang Mai
Not far from the tallest mountailn in Thailand, this old mountain city in the north of the country founded in 1296 was the capital of Lanna Kingdom. Today it encloses the Old City with walls and moats from the past and many ornate Buddhist temples - Wat Chedi Luang, Wat Phra Singh and Wat Phan Tao. Actually, the Old City is a living museum. It has narrow streets with a string of historical buildings and old shophouses. Visitors can easily get around the Old City on foot, which adds to the pleasant and relaxed sightseeing. For those who like art and unique local products like antiques and clothes, the Night Bazar, Nimmaanhaemin and Huay Kaew Road are the right places.
Perhaps the most stunning feature of the area are over 300 temples in and around the city. The province is packed with Lanna-style temples with curved wooden roofs. The most famous one is Wat Phra That Doi Suthep, on the mountain overlooking the city. Visitors should certainly see the unimaginable beauty of Wat Suan Dok, Wat Umong, Wat Phra That Doi Kham and many other “wats”. (2 days)
Chiang Rai
Close to the borders of Laos and Myanmar in the north of Thailand, about 200 km from Chiang Mai lies the city of Chiang Rai. The historical attractions of the city are not of less value to the ones of Chiang Mai, but the atmosphere is more provincial and relaxed. This 800-year old city, one of the oldest Thailand’s settlements and the former capital of Mengrai Dynasty also preserves Lanna-style monuments. Although the city began to develop its touristic identity, most of it only stays close to the Clock Tower.
Fortunatelly, visitors can still admire strong links to the Tai ethnic culture. It is preserved in Oub Kham Museum and Wat Phra Kaew, a royal temple, a former house of the jade Emerald Buddha. Today, there is only its replica there. One hunded Khmer-style pillars form the Navel City Pillar, a monument designed close to the temple.
However, a new artistic wave brought the famous White Temple, the old style designed in the modern world.
Forests and mountain ranges offer stunning views and visitors can enjoy the stunning Mae Kok, and its pristine banks. (2 days)
Nong Khai
Nong Khai is an exquisite place to find out about Isaan culture that dominated the north of Thailand. The little town lies on the west bank of the Mekong River close to the Laos border. The excentric Sala Keaw Khu Sculpture Park, the respected Luang Por Phra Sai Buddha Image, the exceptional Phu Phra Bat Historical Park and Tha Sadet Market are just some of the fascinating attractions in the town.
Visitor who stay in Nong Khai on the last day of Buddhist Lent will be able to see Mekong Fireballs, the mysterious crimson balls that rise silently from the river after dusk. (2 days)
Phetchabun
Vistiors who want to experience Thailand off the beaten track will certainly like to stay in the land of mountains, rivers and waterfalls. This province features two remarkable national parks – the Khao Kho National Park and the Nam Nao National Park. The first one is home to wild elephants, loris, Asian golden cats and many other animals. The latter hosts tigers, leopards and bears.
Exquisite temples like Wat Pha Sorn Kaew arise amidst the natural beauty. They are another reason for stopping in this superb region. (3 days)
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Mesmerizing Places of Bangkok. (2021, Oct 13).
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Character Reference Letter Alejandro Preciado
I am writing on behalf of Alejandro Preciado. As Alejandro’s sister, I have known him his entire life. Alejandro has always displayed and proven to have an honest, responsible, and hardworking character. In general, Alejandro, an engineer, is known for his dedicated worker and family oriented. As a reliable and conscientious member of society, Alejandro’s DUI was a shock to everyone who knows him.
Alejandro is a very dedicated and hard worker. I have personally have seen the amount of work he has put in to finish college and start his career. He has never purposely done anything to disappoint my parents or any of us. As his older sister, I have seen Alejandro lead a positive lifestyle. He graduated college with honors and was able to find an engineering job before even walking across the stage for graduation. As a college graduate myself, I know it is not an easy feat to complete. His determination to succeed and be a productive member of society has led to him earning the respect of all of his family and friends.
Alejandro definitely does not have any criminal record. Alejandro is a recent Texas college graduate who is just started his engineering career in Colorado this past summer. He graduated in May, started his job with Kiewit, and moved away from his family and friends in a short span of time. We understand that that is something that would be hard for anyone especially someone who has always been as family oriented as Alejandro. However, Alejandro has made it clear to me that nothing excuses him making the decision to drive while under the influence of alcohol.
My brother deeply regrets what happened that night especially that he put his friend’s life at risk. He recognizes the mistakes he made and accepts the consequences. As he just started his career this summer, he is especially anxious about how this may affect his future at his current employer.
I am confident that this is a one-time offense for Alejandro as I have seen the steps he has taken to move past this and to make sure it does not happen again. He has learned several valuable lessons from this event that he will use to better his life. Our entire family will continue to be there for Alejandro in any way to support him and help him move past this.
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Character Analysis: Personality Theories
-
INTRODUCTION
- CHARACTER DESCRIPTION
- INTECTUAL DETERMIANT:
- SOCIAL DETERMIANT:
- FAMILY DETERMIANT:
- THEORY: PSYCHO-ANALYTIC
- CHARACTER ANALYSIS: Here the characters ego takes a mature or reasonable decisions as to first ensuring her survival and to learn more skills in order to avenge her enemies
- CHARACTER ANALYSIS:
- CONCLUSION:
INTRODUCTION
The character that I have chosen is from the book and television series “GAME OF THRONES” one and only ARYA STARK from the house stark written by GeorgeR.R.Martin and casted directors David Benoiff and D.B Wesis, Game of thrones taken from the book “song of ice and fire” illustrates the political war between 7 noble houses for the most majestic seat of westros “the Iron throne”
CHARACTER DESCRIPTION
Arya Stark born of house Stark of Winterfell situated in the northern regions of the WESTROS. Arya was born as the 3rd child after Rob Stark Sansa stark to Lord Eddard and Lady Stark. Being the only one in the family that behaves odd for a girl of a royal household she was always different from others and proved to be too , her personality traits were intelligent, bravery, stubborn, and possess an independent trait that makes her complete the task she sets her mind to. In the series she is trained to take her lesson in parlor manner and etiquette to become a future Lady just like any other noble women but Arya’s wishes lies elsewhere wanting to jump, run, and learn to swordfight she would rather train as knight than be a damsel in distress. She doesn’t involve in family matters but deeply cares for them and any danger occurred to them will see the wrath of hers.
Her main interest is sword fight by which her father secretly hired the best sword fighter Syrio , with whom she pleasurably enjoys her classes. Due to the war among the seven kingdoms Arya’s Father is falsely accused of treason and beheaded from then on the stark members were separated by fate and Arya had her own disguised as a boy she travelled far an wide was sold and was stuck with a knight Sandor Clegane , after long struggles she escaped into the land of Bravos and was kept safe but with a price she was trained to be a assassinator under the God of death , after becoming a master at her profession she sets sail back to Winterfell stronger than ever and joins with her siblings and sets a path for herself for as her house saying goes “winter is coming”
DETERMINENTS OF PERSONALITY: ARYASTARK
INTECTUAL DETERMIANT:
Intelligence here can be defined as the understanding of the society norms and rules. In this case this determinant suits the character really well as she was predominantly known for her intelligence she did understand the norms of the society and the political war her family was dragged into. Due to her clear understanding she was able to save and sustain herself without her family in odd situations
SOCIAL DETERMIANT:
In this aspect how a social setting affects the personality development of the character and the main focus will be the level of conformity and group influence in the social setting
The character is from a noble household and heir to the throne the setting around would have been strict because they are taught to do needlework, parlor manners etc. there is conformity or compliance among the members of the household and group influence is largely seen because the society forces them to learn these etiquettes. Since the character is a princess she has some standards to satisfy, she shows zero tolerance towards them as her adventurous nature allows her to be someone else.
FAMILY DETERMIANT:
In this aspect , the first social setting a child experiences is a family Freud says that the development of personality occurs up to 5-6 yrs. Also the relationship with the parents also influence the personality to be positive or negative. In this case Arya was brought up in free manner with not much of strict regulation other than her lessons in etiquette , moreover she was free to pursue sword fighting she was brought up in a more positive household where her family encouraged family bonding and the aspect affection and belonging toward their one true family the STARKS. She was surrounded with family members who personality traits were bold, strong, loyal and nurturing contributing to these same qualities in Arya which also boosts her confidence and willpower
THEORY: PSYCHO-ANALYTIC
This theory comprises of the structure of personality of a person’s conscious, subconscious and unconscious. This theory was proposed by Sigmund Freud who believed that that a person’s desire which was innately present can contribute to their behavior at their surroundings or environment .Freud separated personality into 3 types
- CONSCIOUS
- PRECONSCIOUS
- UNCONSCIOUS
Freud has linked these stages to an iceberg meaning that the conscious is the tip of the iceberg where we notice our actions and behavior to certain point the preconscious and unconscious are the deeper part of the iceberg where our deepest desires are found with a stronger impulse or connection. Some event from the preconscious can be brought back to conscious but the unconscious is a matter of mystery of human behavior
The id is the primary process of an individual which acts as a reservoir for the instincts and acc. To Freud works on the pleasure principle where the desire are to immediately satisfied or instant gratification
Character analysis: once Arya ad found out that her family has involved into brutal murder for political power over the throne her instant thought would be to protect her family at all cost or to take revenge on the people responsible for her family’s death but that wouldn’t have been possible immediately for she wasn’t in a position to save herself nor did adequate info. About her enemies though her initial desire would be to kill them
EGO- SECONDARY PROCESS
The Ego here performs as the secondary thought which has a more mature perspective to deal rationally with the external problem. The ego can be rationally termed as ego master as it tries to satisfy the ID needs in a more socially and mature way.it also follows the reality principle by reasoning out the difference with pleasure principle.
CHARACTER ANALYSIS: Here the characters ego takes a mature or reasonable decisions as to first ensuring her survival and to learn more skills in order to avenge her enemies
SUPER EGO- UNCONSCIOUS
The moral aspect in the personality acc. to Freud was the super ego where the good and bad behavior taught in the initial stages serve as a moral conscious. The super ego does not satisfy the ID but completely tries to eradicate these desire no matter the consequence this is known as ego ideal the ego tries to play the role of satisfying both ends it undergoes pressure by these opposing forces when its severely restraint development of anxiety arises .
ANXIETY: THREAT TO EGO
Freud had explained about 3 types of anxiety reality, neurotic, moral anxiety. Reality anxiety is caused by tangible dangers in the real world for ex the fear of accidents or darkness which caused by outer stimuli phobias can be also seen in this stage. neurotic anxiety has its basis in childhood where they would have been punished for expressing ID desires thus the anxiety occurs when the need should be satisfied because they are afraid of the consequences. Moral anxiety is the tension occurring between id-superego
CHARACTER ANALYSIS:
Arya stark is a bold character she survived through grits-wits acc. to her character there is no anxiety displayed but if further analyzed due to her external circumstances of being caught and to survive she could have experienced reality anxiety. When she was being trained at the assassins place she did experience reality anxiety for she was afraid of being an outcast and the consequences she had face with her peers and the master she was briefly scared for her survival
DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF EGO
Anxiety is an impending dander causing situation that is avoided but its mainly caused by by the struggle of the ego by id-superego. This struggle is inevitable because of social pressure caused at each stage of development. The ego in order to defend itself acquire defense methods whose main intention is
TYPES OF MECHANISMS
Repression – A unconscious denial of some traumatic event that cause anxiety. It’s an involuntary action from the conscious mind for the comfort of the person, it occurs to people or situations that cause discomfort for the person.
CHARACTER- Arya was more of realistic person and accepted things just the way they were raw and unseasoned, even though she experienced worse matter she learnt her lesson from it
Denial – denial of an existing external threat or traumatic event
CHARACTER – There was no denial of the traumatic events Arya had to face but she turned her weakness to her strength
Reaction formation- involves expressing an opposite id impulse to that of the person
CHARACTER: Arya did not posses an varied opinion from her id impulses to kill her enemies but it can be viewed as her not being subtle or submissive but rather taking matters into her own hands
CONCLUSION:
In the end Freud has come to a conclusion after his analysis found that defense mechanism are made unconsciously when there arises a threat by the id – superego but when the defense we held are broken we feel disappointed and dismayed until we find new defenses this process is psychoanalysis but likely Arya hasn’t gone through psychoanalysis as deep we as discussed . so thus the anatomy of personality does play a role in behavior
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Perception of where we are
Architecture can mediate place representation through manifesting ordinary as an aesthetic. Technology development has altered our relationship to places and their representation. While our capability to directly experience places are still constrained by physical mobilities, immediacy and transportability of place representation is making it a more dominant source for our perception of places. Driven by our fascination of the extraordinary, place representation often saturates the spectacles and omits the ordinary in its narrative. As what is considered ordinary is contingent on time and space, the non-places defined by Marc Augé is now part of the ordinary as we enter the age of supermodernity.
However, a closer look at mementos from the Grand Tour and contemporary souvenirs reveals that architecture is capable of mediating place representation through manifestation of the ordinary. Ordinary has been approached as an aesthetic by contemporary aestheticians and designers through multiple approaches, such as everyday aesthetic, supernormal and normcore. It has also been a significant source of inspiration for modern and post-modern architecture theory, recently gained more interests from the discipline of architecture.
By examining the challenges and approaches employed to address the ordinary, the thesis proposes potentials for architecture to mediate place representation through manifesting ordinary, particularly the non-places.
Place Representation in the Age of Technological Reproductivity Walter Benjamin argues that technological reproduction alters viewers’ relationship with the artwork in his writing The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility. Technological replication is more independent of the original compared to manual reproduction, capable of revealing certain qualities of objects that are inaccessible to human sensibilities. Moreover, technological reproduction can “place the copy of the original in situations which the original itself cannot attain”, thus gain more relevance to the spectators than the original.
Likewise, technology development has changed the relationship between people and place. Our perception of place is informed by place representation and physical experience.
Moving into the twenty-first century, the balance between the two has shifted towards a predominance of the latter due to its immediacy. Technology reproduction makes place representation available to a large population, through both two-dimensional and three-dimensional mediums such as photographs, film and souvenirs. In contrast, our physical mobility remains relatively limited compared to the transportability and immediacy of image-based information. As our accessibility to place representation exceeds physical accessibility to the places, our perception of places become largely dependent on representation. The relative scarcity of direct experience of our era is followed by an obsession for authenticity.
However, as Bruno Latour points out, such obsession paradoxically “increases proportionally with the availability and accessibility of more and more copies of better and better quality.”
Our desire for “authentic” physical experience is, in many cases, generated by the amount of place representation available, whether it is Instagram posts or well-produced travel advertisements. To some extent, place representation has substituted physical experience in terms of relevance to our daily life.
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Character Design Career Research
Why are so many people infatuated with Walt Disney? Without a doubt, the studio creates clever films that are enjoyable for the whole family. As well as, the remarkable animation that has the power to remove viewers from their everyday lives into mystical worlds. But above all, what stands out the most in Walt Disney productions? The characters. Disney characters are hard to forget. Belle and the Beast are forever ingrained in the mind of those who grew up with this timeless film, Beauty and the Beast. How can we forget the iconic duo of fluffy, blue and purple-spotted Sully and grinning, one-eyed Mike from Monsters, Inc? Everyone can envision an animated character that made their childhood memorable. Whether the character is from a TV series, a video game, or a movie; a remarkable character can feel like a best friend.
This isn’t just luck, characters are made to form connections with their audience. The people behind these remarkable characters are called character designers. Character designers design for a wide variety of industries, such as books, TV series, movies, and games. They invest time and effort into creating characters that entice viewers to get invested in the story. Although character design isn't just about selling people on an idea, character design is crucial in the video game and animated television industry to make audiences invest time and money into the production. In order to achieve this, character designers must know what character will look like in different emotional situations and in a variety of positions. Multiple years of education help to ensure that a character design can accomplish this.
A character designer also needs a wide range of skills, some even out of the field of art. Character design is a beneficial and essential career for our world today as they are broadening the field of entertainment by introducing new, exciting, relatable characters everyone can enjoy. The field presents a good career option since there will always be a need for entertainment and the economic outlook is growing.
However, even with this demand, there is still a stigma that you can’t make a living as an artist. Hence, the phrase “a starving artist.” That type of thinking couldn't be further from the truth. According to The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Employment of multimedia artists and animators is projected to grow 4 percent from 2018 to 2028.” There are so many things that demand our attention and character design is used as a way to catch the attention of people. For example, in gaming the announcement of new characters keeps consumers interested about future and existing games. Sports, movies, comics, toys, and advertisements, all require character design for businesses. A logo may be the face of a business reflecting and reminding us of its products, credibility, and goals. Similarly, character design can reflect and remind us of a story, game, or franchise (Eggleston, 00:00:24 - 00:01:35). The artistic field presents so many different paths. For example, within character design, designers have the option of being freelance or being a full-time studio employee. Freelance designers are self-employed. Whereas, full-time employees are employed by studios, such as Walt Disney, Pixar, or Blue Sky. With so many opportunities, paths, and the critical need for them, character designers have never had such a wide field of opportunities open to them. Character design has never been so important.
Although there are character designers hired because of their sheer talent and creativity with only a high school diploma (CareerIgniter), a bachelor’s degree in computer graphics, fine arts, animation, and related fields are looked for by employers. These programs give aspiring character designers the opportunity to develop their portfolios and technical skills that employers prefer (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). One college that has a good art program is the California Institute of Art, also known as CalArts. CalArts offers a Character Animation program, as well as an Experimental Animation program through their School of Film and Video. The Character Design program provides a Bachelor’s degree in fine arts.
Through this program, students develop an understanding of animated storytelling and character performance within a four-year curriculum. Those in the program can also work toward Master's and Bachelor's degrees in fine arts within the CalArts Experimental Animation program (California Institute of the Arts). The acceptance rate of CalArts is extremely competitive, with an acceptance rate of 23%. California Institute of Art's acceptance average GPA is 3.34. CalArts also requires applications to take either the SAT or ACT. The average SAT average is 1160. Therefore, you should aim for 1310 to be more likely accepted (CampusReel). Aside from GPA and SAT/ACT averages, other prerequisites are encouraged. Like many art schools, CalArts require portfolios when applying (California Institute of the Arts).
Although not stated, taking an AP level high school art class is encouraged. Additionally, during the application process for CalArts, it is required to have two letters of recommendation (California Institute of the Arts). Laura Price, an animation artist who's worked for Disney, Cartoon Network, and Nickelodeon, said that attending art school “isn’t a golden ticket into the industry, you have to have the skills to back it up. Art schools can provide the tools artists need to improve quickly, but only if you are willing to listen to critique and put in the work” (Price, 00:07:27 - 00:07:40). Attending art school isn’t in any way required to get into the industry, but it can assist in skills, knowledge, and connections.
In order to become successful, a character designer needs to exemplify certain qualities. Character designers are responsible for taking the concept of a character and making that character come to life. However, in order to get to this, the designer not only needs artistic abilities but also mental requirements. Luri Lioi, in his paper, “Framework for the Development of Schemata in Character Design for Computer Animation” explains, “The activity of designing characters for computer animation demands a great deal of complex problem-solving and decision-making techniques.
It requires combining aspects from the story, subjective ideas and abstract visual elements, such as lines, shapes, colors, in order to generate a character that can be understood and believable” (3). Both problem-solving and decision-making aren’t taught within a college course. Character design requires a specific mental approach needed when designing a character and combining that with the elements and principles of art. Lioi says, “Every decision the designer makes changes the set of possible solutions for the character design” (24). Art is based on decisions, for example, whether or not to incorporate bright tones or dark tones. This is the same for character design, the artist needs to make conscious decisions on how to generate a character that will reflect the end production goal.
Besides mental requirements, character designers need communication skills, computer skills, time-management, and of course artistic talent (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). To succeed in this career it is necessary to work well with teams and respond back to criticism and feedback. At times, your design will be sent back by your supervisors for revisions or a complete redo (Price, 00:05:17 - 00:05:59). During these situations, you need to respond in a proper manner and communicate with others on what needs improvement.
Character design is also a group effort. Artists are encouraged to check in with the production manager or their production coordinator on that project or even check in with the other employees with your same job title (Price, 00:05:59 - 00:06:12). Meaning you should be able to work with others well. Animation has moved to the technological age, now more than ever characters are being designed through online software. Therefore, computer skills are important within this field. In fact, Beth David, a Junior Animator for Blue Sky Studio, said she relies on her Cintiq and the industry-standard software, Mia, in order to animate every day. Since character design is mainly for video games, TV, and movies there are deadlines that must be met. Aspiring character designers need to be able to manage their time effectively with these often tight deadlines. Finally, this is an artistic field so artistic talent is required. The ability to understand the elements and principles of design is crucial.
A typical day for a character designer can vary depending on the type of designer, freelance or studio employed. Personally, I will be focusing on studio employed character designers. Employed “character designers typically work in a studio or office for animation studios, video game companies, motion pictures and similar industries” (CareerIgniter). In an interview, Beth David described her work environment at Blue Sky Studio. She said, “I right now work at a studio which is just sort of an office. Everyone has a cubicle and we all have our computer set up. We have different screening rooms and stuff like that. Different workrooms where we can collaborate. We have reference rooms where we shoot our reference if we're acting out a performance. Sometimes the animators will go to a room and act them out before we start animating it so that we have some point of reference.” Within this environment, daily activities consist of working on creating new episodes, sequels, or game levels.
Often, those in animation will be given a project with a specified deadline. Projects can vary based on your position. Projects include designing backgrounds, characters, outfits, expressions, and more. While working on their project it is typical for them to check in with supervisors to approve their work (David). The job is often full time, however, they may have to put in many overtime hours if they are already in the crunch hours of beating a deadline for a project. Beth David said that at Blue Sky the hours are a regular eight-hour workday. They start at nine, finish at six, with a one-hour lunch break during the day. She also said, “It is pretty common for us to work overtime. So when the movie is in crunch time, often we’ll have a regular forty-hour workweek and then you also have to do ten hours of week at least of overtime. Sometimes there are mandatory Saturdays where you have to work an eight hour day, but that’s only when it gets really, really crazy.” The work can be stressful and demanding but can be very fulfilling especially after they see the final product of their time and effort (CareerIgniter).
Pay differs in terms of several factors, however, the average pay according to the U.S. The Bureau of Labor Statistics for multimedia artists and animators was 72,520 in May 2018. That estimate is not the salary data specifically for character designers. It is only the salary information for the broader occupational category of multimedia artists and animators. To truly understand how much animation artists get paid it is necessary to understand how a labor union works. Most of the big studios in Los Angeles are part of the Animation Guild. Such as studios like Disney, DreamWorks, Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Warner Brothers, Paramount, and Sony.
When you're hired at one of these Animation Studios in a position under the Guild's jurisdiction you would join the Animation Guild too after 30 days of employment. There is also an initiation fee to join the Guild and pay dues a few times a year . The Animation Guild is a union that “negotiate wage minimums and working conditions, provide pension, and health benefits” through collective bargaining under a collective bargaining agreement (The Animation Guild). In other words, the Guild makes sure that artists are paid a minimum amount and given things like sick days, vacation days, and paid overtime. In the master collective bargaining agreement, the minimum pay increases with time and your minimum will increase the longer you've worked at a studio. “You'll have a certain minimum for your first six months, your second six months. Once you've worked for a year as an artist you get the journey pay” . The journey minimum pay for the last collective bargaining agreement was 2,064 dollars per week for character designers.
This number is before taxes, which decrease the amount of money in each weekly payment. In the entertainment industry, many positions aren't salaried. Therefore, there isn't a yearly salary. Animation positions don't typically last a year and if they do there's usually going to be a hiatus. For example, on TV there could be a two-month break during the year between seasons and hiatuses are unpaid. It is also typical for TV shows or movies to be canceled at any point, leaving those employed laid off . Overall, 2,064 dollars weekly is just the minimums studios under the Guild will pay, but different projects are going to have different budgets also factoring into your income. However, some studios aren’t in the Animation Guild. Therefore not requiring them to go by the Union minimums. A big box studio we all know, Pixar is not in the Animation Guild. However, that doesn't necessarily mean that they have lower rates of pay than other animation studios in Los Angeles. With all of this in mind, there is no specific pay and several factors go into how much a character designer can earn.
There are limited hidden benefits to being a character designer, but the few that are available still make the career a great one to be involved in. One of the biggest benefits is the opportunity of being around other creative minds. This means everybody likes similar things and you get to talk about movies all the time (David). One of the other major benefits is paid work trips. Depending on where you are in the career, artists may be given the opportunity to travel different locations around the world to photograph and draw the scenery which will be incorporated within a TV show, film, video game, etc. However, these types of full pay work trips are rare (David). Other times, artists may get the opportunity to attend the movie premiere. In which case, they could meet the celebrities who voice the characters. Similar to other offices, after teams finish a big project there is a celebration or wrap party.
There aren’t any particular issues facing the animation career, but there are disadvantages to being a character designer. The industry is relatively small making the field rather competitive. On top of that, everyone is extremely talented. These combined make it a tough field to get into. As said before, it is common to have overtime. The industry is based on projects with deadlines for movies, games, and shows; therefore overtime is inevitable. An upside to the necessary overtime is some studios provide paid overtime. Studios within the Animation Guild or required to provide paid overtime. However, studios like Pixar aren’t technically required to follow that rule. When deciding a place of work non-paid overtime is definitely a disadvantage since this is a common occurrence. With this overtime comes another disadvantage, a separate work-life balance.
Art is a personal thing for many artists that it is hard to create that separation from work and life. Different studios prioritize this separate more and others value it less (David). Beth David spoke on how Blue Sky Studio values this separation. She said, “Blue Sky does do its best to make sure the artists are working, but not working too hard. That we have when hours are over people go home. They really want to enforce a happy and healthy environment” (David). However, Ms. David also stated, “I have friends who work at places that are kind of pushing insane eight work weeks, which I can’t imagine doing. Though it definitely depends on where you are working and it depends on what field of animation you're working in as well. There are definitely places where work-life balance is less of a priority for the studio.” The competitive field, common over time, and work-life balance should be kept in mind when entering the profession of character design.
By getting a more in-depth look into the occupation of character design has made me more interested in becoming one. Initially, I was drawn to the field since it involves art and design. Since I was little I’ve always enjoyed drawing characters and watching animated TV shows and movies. After realizing there was an occupation that combined these two hobbies I was ecstatic and new I had to research this topic. This job holds the opportunity to create iconic characters that people will remember for years to come. Pursuing this career would be a great fit for my skills and interests. In general, character designers contain very good communication skills, problem-solving, and decision making.
Being able to uphold these traits in my life currently shows that these skills will continue to advance in this career. The courses one would have to take to pursue in character design, truly interest me. Already having an interest in the future courses will allow me to be excited about pursuing a job. The working hours of a character designer wouldn’t interfere with my lifestyle in the future. In one week, the average amount of hours is forty. Most days are at least eight hours. Although overtime is inevitable, in my opinion it is worth it. Finding an employer that values work-life separation would allow me to spend time with my family and have time for myself during the week. In the future, becoming a character designer would be a perfect fit for my lifestyle.
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Realistic Portrait of the Life of an Innocent Girl
Shen Congwen’s “Xiaoxiao'' is set in his hometown, the western rural Hunan province where the majority of peasant farmers and ethnic minorities dwell. In contrast to most writers of the May Fourth Movement, Shen Congwen does not bluntly point out the social and political issues of this period in his story. Instead, he gently paints the realistic portrait of an innocent girl’s life to make suggestions of adapting modernization as well as gentle criticism of Confucian principles through the absurdities that happen in Xiaoxiao’s life, such as her marriage to a baby, the coeds’ complete neglect of Confucian values, Xiaoxiao’s dreams of becoming a coed and her in-laws decision to not drown or disown Xiaoxiao.
In this paper, I will be analyzing a scene from the story that I found both tragic and heartwarming. Specifically, the scene I selected stems from the last part of the story when Xiaoxiao places her hopes and dreams onto her newborn son that she could not fulfill herself: to marry a coed. I believe as simple as this scene may be, it actually reflects the whole message and key meaning of Xiaoxiao’s difficult life. First, I will provide background of what a coed is and its replication in the story. Second, I will explain what the effects and desires of becoming a coed has on Xiaoxiao as a female oppressed to the values of feudalism. Lastly, I will conclude the paper by offering a reflection of my analysis of Shen Congwen’s “Xiaoxiao.”
The May Fourth Movement ideals are present in Shen Congwen’s story and are characterized as the “coeds.” In earlier scenes, the coeds made a summer trip to the remote countryside, Xiaoxiao is instantly fascinated by them due to their difference in appearance, as well as their rejection of traditional Confucian ideals due to being heavily influenced by Western thought. Being a naive and innocent young girl, Xiaoxiao only understands coeds through their appearances and her in-laws who repetitively mock the coeds every chance they get, especially when Grandfather explains them to her, “she felt vague stirrings of unrest, and took to imaging herself as a ‘coed’” . In addition,
Motley Mutt’s own take on the coeds “inflamed Xiaoxiao’s imagination . . . all because Motley characterized them as instances of ‘freedom’” . Thus, because she does not fully grasp what a coed is and the hardship of her life circumstances, Xiaoxiao begins to dream of how her life would be like if she were one. Sadly, tragedy strikes and Xiaoxiao’s hope of fulfilling the dream herself ends when she gives birth to her son out of wedlock. However, as any mother hopes for her child, Xiaoxiao places her desires onto the next generation by telling her newborn, “'Look, look! The coeds are here too! One day, when you grow up, we'll get you a coed for a wife” .
What is fascinating about such a scene is that Xiaoxiao was once fearful of coeds, being that the men controlled her perceptions to an extent, but eventually the modern women captured her fascination. Coeds desire for freedom and disregard of traditions inspired a conventional and dutiful girl like Xiaoxiao—who quietly kept this imagination to herself. Even when she passes upon a pond and sees her reflection, Xiaoxiao “hold[s] up her braid by the tip to see how good she would look without a braid and how she would feel about it” .
Shen Congwen purposely displays coeds as a symbol of new power. These reformed girls attend schools with male individuals and range from all levels of education. They do not feel the pressure to marry young or seek a matchmaker to determine their future spouse. Another striking fact is that coeds “are not afraid of men” since they can easily take a man to court if they feel wronged. The coeds do not cook or clean, in fact they exercise in public and sing Western songs to their hearts’ content. Therefore, from the perspective of the rural peasants, the coeds are most utterly foreign and are even seen as lazy and “weird”. “t was almost as if these people had dropped down from an altogether different world”.
Although Shen Congwen does not directly inform the readers about Xiaoxiao’s desire to become a coed, it is certainly assumed that Xiaoxiao longs for a life other than her present life as a dutiful caretaker in the village. Even when she was pregnant, she never dropped her dream and even suggested to Motley Mutt to consider moving to the metropolitan city where she could restart her life, rid of performing labor intensive farm work. To run away was a daring challenge to the traditional Confucian value of being a patriarchal wife.
Shen Congwen’s high disregard of feudalism is displayed through Xiaoxiao’s pitiful life. Xiaoxiao lives in a country where feudal ethical principles govern the thought and actions of the citizen, and thus she falls into the dilemma of becoming a child-bride. Xiaoxiao does not know what the concepts ‘freedom’ or 'free thought' entails, let alone women's rights. She is trapped in the oppression of feudalism in her fate which makes her totally obedient to her kin. Ultimately, Xiao xiao doesn't get the independence and consciousness she has wanted all her life. Thus, she tragically accepts her fate and eventually chooses an older girl as another child-bride for her child, but continues to bestow her dreams onto her kin, ending the story with a semi-happy note.
Shen Congwen’s story of Xiaoxiao encompasses the concepts of modernism as well as feminism. Another famous Chinese writer who voiced the same ideologies and whose literary works projected many unconventional Chinese females during the 20th-century is Ding Ling. Many of her short stories encompass the modern Chinese woman, such as 'Miss Sophie's Diary,” in which she details the conflicts experienced by a young woman who tries to secure her own personal desires, individual voice, and desire for freedom in 20th-century China still imprisoned and suppressed by the patriarchal system.
Ding ling created the character, Sophie, who lusted after a foreign man to reflect the changing face of Chinese feminism. In addition, Sophie experiences many obstacles and struggles herself, in order to find her own identity in modern China. Xiaoxiao was also challenged by the orthodox Chinese patriarchal system also shares common goals with Sophie in that she dreams of independence and freedom, but also takes actions to try to achieve them. One can claim that Xiaoxiao is an emerging modern woman, who not only dreams of independence and freedom, but takes actions to try to achieve them.
In conclusion, Shen Conwen’s “Xiaoxiao” gives readers a general reflection on traditions without him forcefully stating any political or social agenda. In the story, there is a repetitive theme of farmers against the urban individuals. Xiaoxiao seems to be skeptical of her grandfather’s traditional, yet biased judgements against the coeds, therefore she takes them as insults. However, Xiaoxiao understands that there is so much more to her life than just taking care of her young husband and in-laws, but yet she is torn due to her family’s inevitable control of her. Another theme displayed in the story is feminism, followed by enlightenment. In the past, China had a traditional system of male domination over females.
Xiaoxiao was forced to do labor work for ten years, before marrying her husband. In addition, she was spared since she birthed a boy, but if she had a girl her family would have probably drowned her for committing adultery. Freedom was also hinted within the story which correlated with the fact that Xiaoxiao was not free herself. In the end, Xiaoxiao achieves some form of enlightenment in the specific scene. From the desire of wanting to be one herself, Xiaoxiao finally understands the definition of a coed—free from Confucian values, thus she wants other females to achieve a better life and for her son to marry one out of love.
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Realistic portrait of the life of an innocent girl. (2021, Oct 13).
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Analysis of the Character of the Bible Joseph
I. Observation
Step One: For this character-sketch Bible study I will be studying: Joseph
Step Two: Identify and list all the Bible passages on the person. You may find it helpful to use a Bible dictionary, Bible handbook, or a study Bible. Remember that some Old Testament characters are mentioned in the New Testament.
Step Three: Read through each passage, making general observations based on first impressions. List (in complete sentences) at least 10 general observations from the Bible passages on your character.
Joseph had a better advantage and outlook than his brother growing up. Joseph was favored by his father, Jacob causing tension and resentment between him and his siblings. When Joseph approached his brothers, they planned his death and would blame his death on a vicious animal. Joseph’s brothers sold him into slavery in return for twenty pieces of silver. Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt, leading him to being in the hands of an egyptian official named Potiphar. When the wife of Potiphar grew an romantic interest in Joseph, he refused while other men in that situation could find the temptation. “How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?” he protested After repeated rejection, the wife of Potiphar made false accusations against Joseph resulting in him being sent into the royal dungeon. Joseph never lost faith in god and interpreted the pharaoh's butlers dreams which lead to being true.. Joseph made it through each obstacle by trusting and following the power of god. When Joseph assisted the pharaoh, it lead to his freedom, wealth and new egyptian name.
Step Four: Ask the key questions and observe other structural or grammatical elements. Joseph was one of the elder sons of Jacob and Rachel. Rachel died giving birth to Joseph's younger brother Benjamin. He was the eleventh out of twelve brothers but he was favored most by his father. This favoritism between Joseph and his father grew tensions and resentment between his other siblings. After being gifted an expensive colorful robe and having dreams of power and ruling over his family, ultimately ended in his despise. Resulting in his envious brothers act to sell Joseph into slavery in Egypt. There are many observations leading to the question “what” when studying Joseph.
What made Joseph’s brothers hit their breaking point, that they made the ultimate decision to sell him to slave in Genesis 37 and deceive their father. The favoritism Jacob shared towards his son and interpreting his dreams of ruling power of his family is what ultimately led his brothers to the deceiving decision to sell him into slavery.
What special gift did Joseph have that helped him achieve his freedom? While being locked in the royal dungeon, Joseph interpreted the dreams of two royal officials who had disrespected and offended the pharaoh. The accurate dream interruptions helped him when the pharaoh had his own troublesome dreams.
What is the significance of the treatment towards Joseph’s brothers when the travel to Egypt to buy grain. Joseph felt many emotions towards his brothers when they have arrived, but when facing them he would be quiet hostile. Maybe as an act of vengeance for the way they previously treated him, he even would hold a brother hostage to see his younger full blooded brother.
Observations related to “Where?”
There are a few observations related to the question “where” and Joseph. Where did Joseph and his family begin? Joseph and his family begun their lives living in Canaan , eventually moving with his family around the age of six. “The family eventually left Bethel and migrated south toward Bethlehem
Where did his brothers take the families animals and pushed them to the crisis Joseph encounters next?”His ten brothers took the family flocks north to graze them near Shechem.” After Joseph checked on them, that is when his brothers sold him into slavery. Where his adventure from caravan of Ishmaelites, then leading to his whereabouts in Egypt.
Observations related to “When?”
When did the amazing story of Joseph occur. It is believed that the story of Joseph took place among the years before christ of 1600 - 1700. In Genesis 37-50, his significance is brought to light.
Observations related to “Why?”
When Joseph revealed his identity to his brothers, why was he so forgiving? Once Joseph has learned that his father was alive, and forgiven his brothers for their deceitful actions, he aided to them for the famine that was to come to egypt. “ And now, do not be distressed … for selling me here, because it was to save lives that God sent me ahead of you … to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance”
Step Five: Construct a timeline that details the life of your Bible personality. Joseph and his family leave Bethel. Joseph is sold into slavery and separated from his family. Joseph was sold to Potiphar and taken to Potiphar house. Joseph was falsely accused and sent to the royal dungeon. Joseph interpreted the dreams which ultimately led him to assisting the pharaoh of his worrisome dream. Joseph was released from prison and became the prime minister of Egypt. Joseph reunited with his brothers that deceived him and his father without telling his true identity even holding one hostage as they fulfilled his demands. Joseph reveals himself and tells his brothers to bring his father and have them move to egypt. Joseph is reunited with his family. Joseph becomes the ruler of Egypt.
I. Interpretation
Step Six: Determine what Biblical wisdom can be gained from this character. Carefully look through your general observations based on your first impressions, your deeper study, and your timeline. What biblical wisdom can you gather about your character? Write out five elements of Biblical wisdom that can be understood from your character. Provide a concise explanation of each of these elements.
A. Knowledge of the Scriptures
Joseph knowledge of the Scriptures and being raised differently under the hand of Jacob are some key biblical wisdom that can be gained. For example, throughout Joseph’s life and obstacles, he never shared any anger, judgement against the lord. He remained humble and never lost faith in God, which he trusted completely of the things that happen to him and life. Even when revealing himself to his brothers that he was well and alive, he even expressed forgiveness towards them for the act of deceitfulness.
B. Boldness
Joseph showed his boldness on a few occasions throughout Genesis. One of them being when Joseph was in slavery, the Potiphar's wife gained interest in him. She would continuously throw her advances upon Joseph which he continuously and respectfully denied. This is an act of boldness because it was believed that other men would in the predicament as Joseph would sin and act upon the adultery.
C. Wisdom
In Genesis 41-46, Joseph practiced patience and wisdom. He shared his wisdom with two people who have offended the Pharaoh, who even forgot about Joseph after being released. When the pharaoh had troublesome dreams, he called for Joseph to intercept it which led him to his freedom and future success.
II. Correlation
Step Seven: Ask, “How does this character’s life reflect other truths found in the Scriptures?” List and explain 3 truths from this person’s life that fit within the entire Bible. Your explanation must note how these truths fit the framework of God’s Word.
A. Followers of god must have patience.
Throughout the whole story of Joseph, you will see that he not once will express any distress. He did not use the lord's name in vain, question the lord and never insulted the lord. He had patience and trusted gods plan, with that trust and commitment to god it lead Joseph to have a very well successful life.
B. Followers of God can expect persecution and trials
God will put obstacles and stops as trials to see which of his followers will overcome without loosing faith or committing any act of sin. Joseph dealt with many trials beginning from a early age, starting with the death of his mother then later on being sold into slavery by his own siblings. Despite the position he was in, he worked hard and achieved high status ranks quickly.
C. Followers of God should be people of forgiveness
Although Joseph may have been a bit hostile when he first seen his brothers possibly from the overwhelming emotions, he warned his family about the famine that was to come and demanded that they join him in Egypt. When he confronted his brothers, he did not blame them nor hold onto hate towards them but demanded that they tell their father the complete truth.
Step Eight: Ask, “How does this character’s life point me to Jesus?” List and explain 3 ways the life of your character can point to the person and work of Jesus Christ.
“Come close to me,” he said. “I am your brother Joseph, the one you sold into Egypt! And now, do not be distressed … for selling me here, because it was to save lives that God sent me ahead of you … to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance”
Joseph trust in God and his judgement is what can point a person to the work of Jesus Christ. After everything Joseph encountered in life, he never lost faith and seen that everything that did happen was leading for better and helping those around him.Joseph is helping the Pharaoh with the interpretation of his dreams but he cannot answer for god. God answer those prayers and plead for help in many of ways but if you fail to misinterpret it, you could miss it.
C. “How then could I do such a wicked thing and sin against God?” he protested
Joseph was in a situation where someone is trying to commit the act of adultery and he finds himself questioning how could he possibly sin against god. In certain situations in life you find yourself questioning right or wrong and this thought could come across the minds of people.
IV. Application
Step Nine: What points of application can be made using the Four Common Questions? List and explain 1 point of application for each of the Four Common Questions.
A. The question of duty
When Joseph was sold as a slave to the Potiphar, his duty as a slave was to obey his master. With this duty, he worked his way up to the highest standard of being a slave before being falsely accused and sent to prison.
B. The question of character
When Joseph encountered the Potiphar’s wife and the way he handled they situation by respectfully rejecting her over and over shows a great example of character. As well as when Joseph reunited with his family, his express for emotion and willingness to help his family also show good character traits. It shows loyalty to god and not acting in sin as well as the love he expressed for his father.
C. The question of cause
Joseph’s cause was to be the ruler of Egypt which he overall did achieve. He served the purpose of helping others follow a sinless life. “God had reversed the brothers’ hostility into blessing. He had overruled their wickedness and made Joseph ruler of Egypt.” (Hindson, p. 59)
References:
- Hindson, E. (n.d.). Courageous Faith. Retrieved December 3, 2018, from https://app.wordsearchbible.com/reader
- Easton, M. G. (n.d.). Easton's Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
- Brand, C., Draper, C., & England, A. (Eds.). (n.d.). Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
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Analysis of the character of the Bible Joseph. (2021, Oct 13).
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The Small City of Rome Became a Powerful Roman Empire
Rome, a great empire whose enemies feared its power, started off as a “pit-stop” for trading merchants. It didn’t take long for what is now known as a great and powerful civilization to build itself from the ground up. Its history is filled with both great and poor leaders and the hearts of passionate people who sought nothing but strength and excellence.
History and Politics
Legend has it the city of Rome was created by one of the offspring of Mars, the god of war. Mars, according to legend, had two sons - Romulus and Remus. In his zeal to become ruler over this city, Romulus kills his brother and named the city Rome after himself. According to legend this took place around 753 B.C.
Rome originated on the banks of the Tiber River, and started off it’s legend of a city through trade. Being in the location that it was, it made it extremely easy for merchants to pass through and trade their possessions. Rome was quickly expanding, and went from being ruled by one king to being ruled by seven. They became influenced by Greek culture as the Greeks started to colonize the southern parts of Rome. The Romans adopted their religion, architecture, and language.
Eventually Rome went from an established monarchy to two magistrates who were elected each year. Soon after, in 450 B.C., Rome established its first law code which became the foundation of future Roman law. About a hundred years later, politics were focused around the Senate, who were made up mostly of wealthy individuals. It became a struggle between the wealthy people taking too much power and the common folk voicing what they wanted but not having any real influence.
In 390 B.C. the thriving city of Rome was plundered and burned by the Gauls (present day French people). Even though this could have killed the spirits of the Romans and they could have very easily given up, they were inspired by a war hero Camillus and kept pressing on. In just over one hundred years, they managed to conquer the whole Italian peninsula, located right next to the Gauls’ territory. After all of the Punic Wars had ended, in 146 B.C., the Romans ended up possessing Sicily, the Western Mediterranean, a good chunk of Italy, and a section of Northern Africa called Carthage. Rome started out as a modest trade stop and had now become a powerful empire conquering hundreds of miles of land and people.
Gaius Marius, an important figure in the development of Rome’s politics and army, started off his influential career as a brave soldier and well-liked general. Although he was just considered a common man (Plebeian), important political figures noticed him and eventually Marius himself became a politician and consul. He sought to close the gap between the rich and the poor, and reconstructed how the votes were weighed come election time. This encouraged the poor to vote because now they had an equal say with the rich. Marius also changed and reorganized the Roman army to become stronger, and found a way for them to have better weapons than they did in the past. He lead the Romans to defeat invaders who dared attack their strong city. He later died in 86 B.C.
A few decades later, three different men fought both physically and politically for power in Rome. Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompey Magnus, and Julius Caesar were all extremely determined, and stopped at nothing to pursue what they wanted. Magnus and Caesar were both respected generals, and Crassus was the richest man in Rome. Wanting the same good publicity as Magnus and Caesar, Crassus attempted to win a battle against the Parthians in modern-day Turkey, but ended up being killed. That left Magnus and Caesar to fight for the power. Magnus tried to accuse Caesar of certain things and tried to gain his victory through the legal system, but Caesar refused to listen and instead fought Magnus in battle for the power in 48 B.C. Caesar’s army won, and Magnus fled to Egypt but was killed anyways when he got there. Caesar had won the victory. He immediately had the Senate make him dictator, but was killed by some senators a few years later in 44 B.C. His victory was very short-lived.
Caesar’s great-nephew Octavian (who also happened to be the adopted heir) together with Mark Antony teamed up to defeat the two men who killed Caesar. Afterwards, they split up the power but soon found they each wanted all the power or nothing. Octavius ended up defeating Antony and Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt at the time), and became the ruler of all of Rome. He changed his title to Augustus Caesar, and crowned himself emperor in 27 B.C. He reigned for a full fifty-six years and became a tough act to follow with all of his military and citizen support. After his death in A.D. 14, there were a line of emperors who failed to live up to Caesar’s level. Tiberius, the adopted son of Caesar Augustus, became emperor after a series of events but he never lived up to his step father, partly because he never intended or wanted to become emperor. After Tiberius’ death in 37 A.D., Caligula became the new emperor which was exciting for most of the Roman civilians but soon proved to be somewhat of a disappointment as Caligula spent money on extravagant things, intimidated his Senators, having affairs with married women, and dressing up as a woman himself occasionally amongst many other strange activities. He became the first emperor to be assassinated, killed in A.D. 41.
Claudius was brought to power after Caligula was murdered, and he made some good decisions as emperor but was ruthless with his enemies because of his constant paranoia. He brought some peace to Rome by reinforcing the law and addressing matters in a mature, emperor-like way, he led an army and conquered Britain, and he imported corn to feed the citizens in Italy who were suffering from drought. He did many good things, but he did a few things out of paranoid haste. He made quick, swift decisions to execute his enemies, or even those who may seem to be his enemies, and exiled the Jews because they didn’t exactly favor him and he wanted to avoid an uprising. He married four women throughout his reign, the last of whom is the main suspect in his death. Agrippina, his wife and niece, fed him mushrooms that had been poisoned, probably to make sure her son Nero was the next in line for the throne. He came to power in A.D. 54, when he was only seventeen years old. He ended up killing his controlling mother a few years later, and placed the vast majority of his attention on his passions: art and entertainment. It wasn’t until A.D. 64 that Nero began persecuting Christians by placing the blame on them for the major fire that he reportedly started. After a series of events that proved Nero an unfit ruler, the Senate labeled him as a public enemy in which case anyone could kill him without receiving any form of punishment. Nero was murdered in AD 68.
Culture
During the time Paul wrote Romans, Rome was led by emperors, who were emperors from the day their predecessor died until the day they themselves died (naturally or through assassination). The culture in Rome during the first century AD was centered around entertainment, art, and luxury. There was a pretty distinct gap between the social classes - where you stood socially depended on the wealth you inherited, the property you owned, your citizenship, and your freedom. As a woman, your social status was linked to that of your father’s or husband’s. Women in ancient Rome had little personal autonomy - they mostly stayed at home, cleaned and took care of the children.
Religion
The Roman Empire was polytheistic from the very beginning. They started out mainly animistic, meaning that they believed spirits inhabited creatures and objects around them. Some of them believed that spirits even inhabited some people, and that some of those spirits were their ancestors watching over them. Their religion expanded to include mythical gods of these spirits. They included Mars the god of war (who, according to legend, was the father of Romulus and Remus), Quirinus the god who protected the people of Rome, and Jupiter the main god over all. Since Rome is a neighbor to Greece, the Romans began to worship the same gods they did, just with slight variations and as the Roman Empire grew larger and larger, each city had its own gods and worshipped them in different ways. One common belief held throughout Rome was the idea that the gods lived in the temples and since the Romans didn’t want to intrude, they worshipped them outside of the temple. Worship and sacrifices to the Roman gods were considered necessary, so when Jews and Christians refused to participate in the worship or sacrifices, persecution rose up against them, especially under the reign of emperors Nero and Titus. Nero is the main suspect behind the burning of Rome, but he tried to transfer the blame to the Christians. Even though Christians faced a lot of persecution in Ancient Rome, Christianity eventually dominated the other Roman religions, and Rome became known as the center of Christianity.
Conclusion
Rome started out as a small town with not much to offer, but through trade and some successful leaders became a great and powerful empire. Although founded in paganism, both Jews and Christians were able to make a difference in the lives of the Romans who were persecuting them, and Rome was changed forever. After studying Rome and its beginnings, I have re-learned that just because you have small beginnings doesn’t mean God won’t use you for something great down the road. Just because your parents may not have pastored a mega church, or any church at all for that matter doesn’t mean that you won’t grow and effect thousands of people for Jesus. Just because you start out small and seemingly insignificant doesn’t mean you’ll grow to be great, influential and effective.
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Cherry Valance Character Analysis
Author’s craft is a variation of ways authors use literary techniques to make a story more compelling. This character analysis will be on Sherri “Cherry” Valance. Everyone calls her Cherry because of her red hair. Cherry is static and round. She is static because her attitude towards Ponyboy does not change throughout the story, even when her boyfriend gets killed. She stays thoughtful and kind to Ponyboy. She is round because on the outside most people see a Soc who doesn’t have any worries, issues, or problems in her life. Throughout the story you learn from Cherry that the Socs and the Greasers have a lot of the same problems, just the Socs do not show them. S.E. Hinton uses the author’s craft tool of physical characteristics, thoughts, and behavior to build the character of Cherry.
In the book The Outsiders, S.E. Hinton crafts the character of Cherry Valance through her physical characteristics. Within the first couple of chapters it’s obvious Cherry plays an important role in the story. In the beginning Cherry introduces herself like this, “‘My name’s Sherri, but I’m called Cherry because of my hair’”. Red hair is not very common amongst people. Cherry is a lot different than the other Socs, so the author used the red hair to show that. Another way the author used this tool is how she made Ponyboy describe Cherry. Ponyboy described Cherry as, “‘A real looker’”. That’s another thing that makes Cherry different is she stands out. Her friend was cute but Cherry would’ve been able to turn heads. That added to her character because even being blessed with beauty she didn’t look down on Ponyboy and Johnny. The uniqueness and beauty of Cherry help her stand out from the other Socs. This develops her character through the author’s craft tool of physical characteristics.
Another tool used by the author is dialogue. Throughout the story Cherry expresses her thoughts through dialogue quite a bit. Towards the beginning Cherry tells Ponyboy and Johnny, “You two are too sweet to scare anyone”. Cherry calls them sweet because they don’t join in with Dally as he is harassing them, but she knows they’re not innocent because they’ve seen too much to be innocent. Her dialogue shows that she is observant. Another way you can know Cherry’s thoughts through dialogue is when she expresses them when talking with Ponyboy about how The Socs have problems just like the greasers do. They just can’t express them so they end up lashing out on the Greasers . Cherry voices her thoughts which contribute to the author’s craft tool of dialogue.
The last author’s craft tool used by the author is behavior. In the story you can see how Cherry’s behavior depicts how she is different, but still a Soc. Cherry and Ponyboy were having a meaningful conversation and Cherry felt like she was really getting through to Ponyboy. Then, she tells him to not take it personally that she probably wouldn’t smile or wave to him at school because she could not have her parents know that she had been conversing with a Greaser . This behavior shows she cares a lot about her image, like most Socs do. Another way Cherry shows behavior is by being a mediator between the Socs and the Greasers. She is a spy for the Greasers but mostly for the reason she wants a fair fight and she feels bad for what happened (Hinton 94). Most of the others Socs wouldn’t do that but Cherry believes in doing the right thing. Cherry’s actions unfold the S.E. Hinton use of the author’s craft tool of Behavior.
The character Cherry was established through physical characteristics, dialogue, and behavior. Cherry was a lot different then the other Socs. First off, she was drop dead gorgeous. Next, she was observant and understanding. Lastly, she was fair and always tried to do what was right. Cherry stays the same from start to finish even when her boyfriend dies, but it is possible to learn different perspectives about her and other Socs after reading The Outsiders.
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Great Success of the Roman Army
Introduction for the paper Rome went from being one of the many city-states in the Italian Peninsula to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the world during the fifth century BCE and the first century CE. The creation of the greatest empire of Western Civilization would not be possible without the establishment and maintenance of a large and strong army.
The Roman army was one of the bases for the development of the Roman civilization from its beginning. During the Monarchy and part of the Republic, the army was commanded by the patricians, and recruitment was compulsory, especially among the plebeians. From the fourth century BCE, the Roman state undertook a series of military conquests whose initial purpose was to integrate cities that they conquered into their own society. The purpose was to expand the Empire, increasing the supply of soldiers for military campaigns, fertile lands to grow crops, and to increase allies, therefore, expanding the territory. Population growth and improved tactical experiences from military battles transformed the Roman Empire. Over five centuries, the Romans conquered regions in Africa, Asia and Europe.
The mechanisms of subordination and control of the Roman army were extremely strict. When soldiers failed to obey an order or deserted, they could be punished by forced labor, beatings and, in more serious cases, by decapitation. On the other hand, those who stood out with military excellence could receive great tributes and be rewarded with lands and luxurious articles. This created a discipline and a reward system among the army that allowed to successfully conquer several regions.
Another factor of success in the Roman military project is closely related to the fact that they do not possess a permanent army. When necessary, the Romans and other subordinate peoples were summoned to participate in some important military assault. In order for the rapid grouping of soldiers to take place, the Roman state had the foresight to build a set of roads that interconnected the various and distant regions of the empire. It is also relevant to state that the fact that Romans incorporated several cities into their empire allowed to have an enormous supply of soldiers. In some cases the Romans won a battle because the enemy did not have as many men as the Romans did.
An example of this fact is the battles against the Greek general Pyrrhus of Epirus. “Pyrrhus, (319 - 272 BCE), king of Hellenistic Epirus whose costly military successes against Macedonia and Rome gave rise to the phrase “Pyrrhic victory.” His Memoirs and books on the art of war were quoted and praised by many ancient authors, including Cicero.” (Encyclopedia Britannica). Although winning several battles against the Romans, Pyrryhus had to give up due to the fact that he could no longer supply warriors to the battlefield. Why did the Roman state require soldiers to own property? At the beginning of the Empire soldiers were required to own land and provide their own equipment to fight battles. Only people with property could be eligible to join the army and share the rewards of military campaigns. Rome required soldiers to have land because by owning land their had something to lose if Rome was not successful. Their land, their property was at stake Land was also the reward the matters. Land had a symbolic meaning; the symbolic meaning of status.
Rome rewarded a great majority of soldiers by gifting them with land. By owning property, soldiers would feel appreciated as there was a purpose to fight for the Empire. Furthermore, soldiers would be loyal to Rome. They would see that there was profits by fighting for Rome. Plus, as Rome was expanding its territory it needed more soldiers to defend such a territory; acquiring more soldiers, Rome needed more land. One process influencing the other. Gifting soldiers with land to cultivate was also a mechanism to control regions of the Empire. Romans were expanding their territory and needed soldiers and people to cultivate and populate those areas. Another relevant concept is that by giving land to their soldiers, Rome was motivating the soldiers with a promise of a future reward. Land was a symbol of status and power.
The development of Rome provided great achievements to the empire; however, it was also marked by social tensions that put the Republican regime at serious risk. Unable to solve all problems, the Patrician class began to lose its political prestige for the victorious generals who controlled the army. Some generals, taking into consideration their importance and popularity, began to aspire to positions of magistracy. At that time, Gaius Marius (157-86 BCE) reached the position of general at a rather peculiar time. The Romans suffered with the invasion of the Teutons and Cimbros.
At the same time, army troops were wearing off with the fighting against the kingdom of Numidia, led by King Jugurtha. In order to overcome such difficulties, Marius restructured the army by hiring mercenaries. In addition, he rewarded legionnaires with salaries, luxury artifacts, and lots of land at the end of military service. Marius proposed a series of reforms for the Roman army, “While preparing to head to Africa to clash with Jugurtha, he enlisted Romans of all classes into his army, including the poor. This was contrary to Roman policy.
However, it greatly expanded the Republic’s recruitment pool and eventually became standard operating procedure in old Rome.” (Hyden, 2017). Allowing every citizen to join the army was an important maneuver by Marius. The poor people for instance, were willing to accept any kind of reward for their service. The new model of organization of the Roman army transformed the generals into important figures of enormous political influence under his command. The responsibility to control the value of salaries, rewards for soldiers, and lands to be distributed was of great importance in transforming military authority into an instrument of political influence.
In other words, opening the army to all people, especially those that had nothing, allowed generals to exercise a great influence among the soldiers. Soldiers became utterly loyal to generals instead of being loyal to Rome itself. During the periods of the Roman Social War, it was a period in which commanders were using their armies in order to take control over the city of Rome. Soldiers became loyal to their commanders as they were being the ones rewarding them for their service. The loyalty of such legions was what enabled Marius and Sulla, for example, to march their armies within the city of Rome to take control and provide political reforms. Sulla another great Roman general, did rise to a position of great power, scaring those in power. After holding six consulships and going for retirement, Marius was brought back to Rome to fight Sulla. “Their rivalry broke out into open hostilities when Sulla was elected consul in 88 B.C. , and was also chosen to lead an army against Mithridates.
The populares however, favored Marius to lead the army, and revoked Sulla's commission, so that the leadership of the army became a point of contention between the two political parties, thus turning what had been a political rivalry into a contest of wills between two powerful generals.” When the populares faction prevailed, Sulla fled to his army, camped outside the city, and then, for the first time in history, he led a Roman army into the city itself, in gross violation of all principles of government. He was welcomed by the senate however, who considered the election of Marius an illegal act. Sulla restored the Senate through reforms.One of them was limiting political offices for Roman, trying to eliminate ambitions among those that wanted to hel multiple offices.
What impact did these changes have on the political life of Rome? This demonstrated that general and commanders could raise armies and intimidate opponents through military force. A great example of a person that raised an army with his own money and without ever holding political office was Pompey.
Pompey the Great (106-48 B.C.) was as Roman that took possession of his father attributes at an early age. His father, Pompeius Strabo, was not liked but knew how to make himself indispensable. Much of his knowledge was passed down to Pompey that, throughout his career, also made himself seem indispensable for the Roman Empire. Pompey observed how his father behaved and understood the leverage his father could exercise. Pompey had military capabilities, as well as political ambitions. Pompey went to Sulla with an army of his own and provided service for Sulla in order to gain respect and honor for himself. He was never appointed general before or never held political office, he named himself commander of his troops, “After this, Pompey, who was only twenty-three years old and had never been appointed general by anyone, appointed himself to the command. He set up his tribunal in the marketplace of the large city of Auximum and issued an edict ordering the chief men there to leave the city. He then proceeded to raise troops.” (Plutarch, Life of Pompey
Pompey raised an army with his own money and marched this army into the main city of the region in order to depose those loyal to the regime of Carbo and Cinna, consuls that were opponents of Sulla. Later on giving the city to Sulla. Its relevant to state that Pompey raised his own forces. His pays for his own army by himself. He takes how own initiative and his own forces in order to fight for Sulla and get some respect. He kills Carbo and started to be seen as crazy, and people did not know what he would do next. This became a political tool as he was unpredictable and fearer.
His is 23 years old, never voted general, no political office, no legitimacy, and crazy enough to rebel. Pompey outgrew Sulla with his forces, becoming indispensable to the Roman Empire. Pompey had forces and those forces were loyal to him; he is in command because he has a private army. Moved from an outsider to someone that can take control of the Republic established by Sulla. Owning a private army allowed Pompey to become such a prestigious Roman. Runs for consul without helding any prior office, he was 35, needed to be 40. People could not say no because he was considered crazy enough and people did not know how he would react. He had an army so people could not go against him. He was able to implement pressure thought his military power.
The Roman Empire became the most powerful empire in the world in the first century BC. This was achieved through an integration of its various powers. The military power, political flexibility of being able to change, economic expansion and changes in the monetary system. This expansion created changes in the Roman Empire and also changed the Mediterranean. New institutions were created in the empire to control the vast territory, such as the creation of the provincial government to help deal with the management of the empire. The Roman, likewise, suffered changes.
It could be understood that Romans eliminated land ownership requirements as a form of keeping control of their military force. Marius was able to raise an army by opening it to everyone, so not only those who had land could participate. Marius enable a system that soldiers would be content with any kind of reward, such as cash. Land was no longer such a relevant reward to give. Generals could raise armies if they successfully rewarded their soldiers. Plus, use military force to impose their will as demonstrated with Sulla and his reforms, as well as with Pompey and his pressure in Rome.
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A Family Story about the Life of a Judge
Hon. Justice Adolphus Godwin Karibi-Whyte was one of the foremost judicial titans ever to tread the Nigerian judicial universe. Justice Adolphus Godwin Karibi-Whyte was born in a small town called Abonnema on January 29th 1931, he was the first son of about three boys and seven girls, he was the only son of his mother, he was also a very good footballer, and he was a brilliant student. He attended his secondary school at Kalabari National college in a town called bug una in Rivers state, Nigeria.
Thereafter he got his west African school certificate. After this he moved to Lagos to work in the civil service from 1950 to 1956. Later on his father decided to send him to the, United Kingdom to study law. He enrolled in the university of Hull, in 1957 where he obtained LL.B Degree, Upper Division in 1960. He was called to the Bar in the Middle Temple a year afterwards, and in September, 1962, obtained his Legume Magister Degree in the University of London, and also Ph.D at the University of Lagos in 1970, He then came back to Nigeria in the late 1960s to the university of Lagos where he lectured and left as a professor of law before joining the bench (judiciary) in 1976.
He then worked at the Supreme Court in Nigeria as a Judge, which gave him the name he has now the Supreme Court is the highest court in the country, it’s the last court you go to after all your appeals fail. Normally a court process starts from the high court, if you are not satisfied with the judgement you then go to the Supreme Court which is the final court meaning what so ever decision they have is final. The Supreme Court in Nigeria is located in Abuja which is the capital of Nigeria
He was the first associate professor in the university of Lagos, then appointed a judge in the federal High Court Lagos Nigeria In 1976, in 1980 he was elevated to the federal court of Appeal, in 1982 he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. He later was appointed a judge to the United Nations International Criminal Court of justice for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands in 1994, where he eventually became the presiding judge. While he was at The Hague he was appointed chairman of the constitutional conference in Nigeria, a body charged with the duty of reviewing and amending our constitution. This was in 1996. A job he did very well and returned to The Hague. He finally retired from The Hague in 1999 at the expiration of his tenure and returned to the Nigerian Supreme Court where he finally retired in 2002. He has since been on the boards of several companies and also a life bencher.
He now lives in Port-harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria In retirement. Due to the things he has done in the past for his country, the Governor of Rivers state, Rotimi Amaechi decided to make a hospital in his name to show appreciation for his work which ended up not working out after being half way through the building. Eventually the Rivers State Government says the multi-million dollar Karibi-Whyte Hospital project will not be abandoned.
The State Commissioner for Health, Dr Sampson Parker, made this declaration while speaking to newsmen in his office in Port Harcourt. Dr Parker, who was giving a situation report on the Karibi-Whyte Specialist Hospital explained that the construction of the hospital was stalled at the moment due to the controversy between the government and the contractor handling the project. He said the state government had already brought in “arbitrator, a consultant who is taking inventory of the site to confirm whose claims are right and to ascertain if the mobilization they were given was actually used”.
He further said, “it’s a big establishment and so we can’t wait until a huge mistake made before we look into it. At every point in time, we review it and go ahead, that is what is happening”. He explained that the project is “priority” that must be completed in spite of financial challenges, adding that, “the project should be a forerunner of healthcare delivery in Nigeria”. “We want to see how we can surpress the ernomous traffic for Medicare out of Nigeria. That’s the intention behind that project and it’s still very much with us”, he said . Hon. Justice Adolphus Godwin Karibi-Whyte, one of the foremost judicial titans ever to tread Nigerian judicial universe clocks 70 on 29th January, 2002. By virtue of S 291 (i) of 1999 constitution, he therefore retires from the Supreme Court. The Bar, the Bench and the entire oppressed masses all of who have benefited and will continue to benefit from this rare breed of a judge must be made to understand the quintessence of this jurist.
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The Great City of Rome
Reading the very creative novel “Roma”, it shows how very important war, religion beliefs, and conquring others, even if its your own family, can have an impact on a common society. The author of this book is Steven Saylor, and Illustrated by an unknown individual. The year that the hardcover copy of the novel was published in the year of 2007. The novel’s publishing location is St. Martin’s Press, Inc. 175th Fifth Avenue, New York, New York. The novel discusses the ups and down of the Roman empire, from the religion beliefs, to the total wreck of disaster the Empire faced later on down the line of the history timeline.
The novel informs about the invading army that were able to get to the outskirts of Rome. The rise of the religion Christianity was really something that changed and had an impact on the Roman, especially during this time era. Year 313 C.E the emperor at the time Constantine the Great, the toleration of Christianity. Constantine the Great decided that to make Christianity the official the religion of the empire. The policies and the rules began to change very drastically now that there is a new religion that is in full effect. Christianity was now officially in the mix of the Roman Empire and the Christians only believe in 1 God, and it was not the emperor.
Constantine was losing a lot of his authority day by day because the citizens because the citizens only served 1 God, and it was not him. The Visigoths caused havoc all through the city, taking out anyone and anything that was in the path of destroying the empire. The novel stated that about for the last millennium, this was the first time the city was going out of control and is now in the hands of citizens that are not Roman. This was shocking for the empire because this was the first time that Rome was took over by force, so no one really knew how to help plus being outnumbered by the army. The author of the book is Steven Saylor. Born March 23, 1956, and was known for ancient history novels such as Throne of Caesar, Furies of Wrath, Raiders of the Nile, Catilina’s Riddle, and Rubicon. The society structure scene of my source was based in the time era of B.C. which represents Before Christ. The Roman government system was run by republican house leaders. The society structure came apart when the Romans were able to overpower the Etruscan higher anarchy in the year of 509 B.C.E. The Etruscan was being over the power of the Romans for over hundreds of years. The Romans were able to claim their government system after they were considered citizens.
Romans were now able to choose who they wanted to represent them in government and on the behalf of the empire. The highest positions in the Roman government was ran by only two leaders known as consulus. Most of the citizens during the time era were very involved with how the government was basically being operated. During this time the citizens that were considered lower class basically was given no type of say so dealing with the Roman government system during that era of time. The entire Roman empire citizens were unisex, but only the male citizens were allowed to vote for the House of Representatives. In 449 B.C.E , the leaders of the government at the time carved some of Rome’s most important rules of law in the great twelve tables. The twelves tables were actually the first set of laws to be documented and written down.
The laws were really quite aggressive, what I mean by that they are partaking in the action of murder. Senate history goes far as back as the beginning time in the Rome. Time went on and the group expanded to 300 members. When the kings were expelled and the republic was finally formed the most powerful man was up next would be the senate. Instead of advising the head of state, it made sure that the chief executive were elected. The 3rd century B.C.E. has began, the Roman Empire had already overpowered may other territories around them. The Senate decided to pass laws in the curia, a large building that is located on the grounds of the Roman Forum. Julius Caesar decided to create a very much bigger curia for the expansion of the Senate. The early Romans were always dealing with altercations with the surrounding neighbors around the empire area.
The Romans decided to start a fight with the Carthaginians, during that war the city of Rome was almost overpowered by them. Carthage was a city it was known as today’s Tunisia located in the north region of Africa. The city was a very successful trading civilization unit, who basically wanted to start a way with the city of Rome. Both of the cities fought noy just one war, but three bloody war, known as the Punic wars in 264-145 B.C.E. Control in the western Mediterranean sea trade was the reason that the war was indicated. The second war, the Carthaginians general successfully invaded Italy by traveling across the appalachian mountains riding using the animal elephants as there transportation. The Romans took a very heart crushing lost, but the Carthaginians however could not overpower the big city of Rome itself.
When the 3rd war began to take place the city of Rome was ready end the war with the city of Carthage once and for all. City of Carthage was a successful area for the trading unit, the great city of Rome put Carthage to an end by burning the city down to the ground. Legend says that the Romans poured salt into the soil of the city so nothing could ever try to grow there again. The Roman Republic was now safe because of the defeat of Carthage. Rome was really big on the ancient history of art, due to what the sculpture symbolizes. A popular form of Greek art is pottery, kraters, vases, and vessels, they served both aesthetic, and practical purposes. Ancient Greek art tells stories of the importance and the achievements of human beings. The art was really meant to honor the success of the Gods, those key Gods were created and imaged in human forms.
The artwork was government sponsored the Roman Republic, and that means it was put on display. Art and architecture were important source of citizen pride and was shown all over the city of Rome. The ancient Greek art sculptures were made of either wood, or made of stone, and only a handful of a few are still standing to be seen. The majority of the mass sculptures were freestanding, human form, and nude. Romans citizen thought that the human body was a type beauty art masterpiece to their eyes. Early greek art statues that were known as kuros was a more of a stood tall, and rigid type of structured statue. Years passed over through time, and the greek sculptures started to adapt a more natural relaxed type of appearance, with the hip thrust on one side, arms and knees with a slight bend, and the head turned to just one side.
The greek also did paint as a form of art, but their paintings only have little remainings left. Most of the Romans paintings were founded on ceramic pottery. The two major styles have a red figure and a black figure as the base of the art sculptures. Pictures of the paintings art work displays the heroic and the tragic stories that dealt with the Roman Gods and the humans. The Ancient athens parcels commanded the construction of the major temples on the acropolis. Built as a tribute to the great Athena, the Goddess of wisdom.
There was 3 type of columns that were sculpted by of columns, that were sculpted by the Roman. The Doric, Ionic, and the Corinthian style was used depending on the region and and the texture of each sculpture. Ancient Romans were quite the citizens that loved to compete in competition no matter what the task was. Year after year all of the cities sent more of the muscular husky humans humans to cities to compete in festival games that were held by the Gods. Important and prestigious were the games that were held in Olympia to honor Zeus, King of the Gods. Games took place summer season once every four years. The earliest Olympic documentation was recorded.
In the final analysis “Roma” the novel discussed war, religion beliefs, and conquering even if it's the ones that are the closest to you. This source was very unique and reliable on the events and history of the Roman Empire. Text from the novel informs about the start of Christianity and the impact it put on society today. Entertainment from the novel was very good, not only that but very informational. The fiction in this story was expired by true events that took place in the Roman empire. Names such as Caesar, Zeus, and Athena and many more were mentioned many times in this novel. The war of with the Carthaginian citizens, and three different battles that were fought, Carthage being defeated in the end for good. Rome's most unique and historical art pieces and paintings. The way that the naked human body is symbolized as a beautiful outstanding piece of art. Government was started when all of the kings were considered being expelled. The republic was started and violent and aggressive laws were back B.C.E. Women were the take care of the household and could not be on the chair of government only males can. The lower class romans were the ones who did not have a say so in politics of that era. Rome had to be divided so the people in the higher chairs of the government could provide where the romans cities were located.
Conclusion
From the above, we can conclude that Ancient Rome was a very harsh and tough civilization. The 12 tables were the first human laws to ever to to be wrote down and documented. The Kings were kicked off their high thrones after religious beliefs came into play with the Roman citizens and realized that their king was not their God to worship. If a child was dreadfully deformed the parent had to kill it. Most of the laws resulted someone getting severely hurt or even death. War was big in this time of era because people countries wanted expand their land as much as possible. Land was big in this time of history and having the land under the proper control by a higher chairmen thing can go far left and cause corruption to the society of The Great City of Rome. Being overpowered by others and being able to fight out of it it and regaining it back to get your independence.
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Preserving Ones Identity: an in Depth Look at Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative
Equiano explicitly explains the life he once lived, and the life that he lives after the middle passage. Equiano was one of the thousands of men, women, and children stolen and sold as slaves in the western world. In the text, he is a subtle and explicit narrator with regards to recounting the hardships he endured himself and the ones that he witnessed. His narration also accounted partiality to the select few white men that were kind to him throughout his journey. Equiano's story is a unique, authentic account instead of the typical textbook explanation of slavery.
It explains his journey in explicit detail. Equiano internally battles with his own self-concept of identity and what his identity is; this is a battle that is heightened after he earns his freedom. Once Equiano is free, society becomes his new master. He faces the same hardships that he endured from his master in captivity, but this time, society made his life hard because of the color of his skin. As Equiano's narrative unfolds, it becomes evident that his new life has subverted his old one and the only way to survive in this new world is to mask his true identity.
Before Equiano was stolen from Africa, he enlightens his audience about what life in Africa was like. He describes the importance of hygiene to his people and goes into detail about some of the cleaning rituals that they practice. He does this to humanize his people and change the stigma that Africans were an uncivilized, godless, and unintelligent people. Equiano also explains the difference between the different types of slavery in Africa. He emphasized two points: captivity is only temporary, and slaves were treated humanely. One way to become a slave in Equiano's homeland was to be convicted of crimes such as kidnapping or adultery. Another way a person could become a slave was if they were a prisoner of war.
Laura Tanner explains the reasoning behind constructing a self-image the former slave's attempt to manipulate the form of his or her narrative to achieve authentication of that narrative as historical evidence worthy of use in a political argument; the second is defined by the ex-slave's effort to remain true to his or her own unique history and consciousness by focusing on the effort of presenting him- or herself in that narrative as an authentic human being. As Equiano created the himself in the text, he became more relatable to the reader. In turn, he became a more credible source and achieved his goal of authenticating himself and his story. Equiano went through the trouble of giving extensive detail about who he was as a young boy to construct his self-image as a strong and resilient young man however, “In order for a slave narrative to be accepted as historical evidence, Stepto argues, it must be shown that the former slave's accounting of his story is authentic” .
Equiano accomplishes this by giving the reader a very detailed account of all of the events that took place while he was in bondage. In the summer of 1754, Equiano was sold to a Royal Navy officer named Michael Pascal, and Pascal renamed him Gustavus Vassa. Pascal gave Equiano a new name-Gustavus Vassa. Although Equiano was still a slave, he was introduced to a new lifestyle under his new master. Pascal sent him to a school in London to learn how to read and write. Like other slave narratives, this is when Equiano began to want better for himself. When he was a little boy, he wondered how the books “talked” to the person who was holding it. When he was presented with the opportunity to learn how to read, it did more than give him new information that he did not know; it also gave him a new perspective on life and from that he forged a new path for which his life would go. After a few years of living in England, he became determined to learn the language and become proficient in reading and writing. Being that Equiano was on the path to becoming a learned slave, it gave him an advantage and a chance of survival.
After making a few milestones with academic achievement, Equiano became fascinated with the idea of Christianity and baptism, so Miss. Guerins pressed for his master to allow him to be baptize, “I communicated my anxiety to the eldest Miss Guerin, with whom I was become a favourite, and pressed het to have me baptized; when to my great joy she told me I should. She had formerly asked my master to let me be baptized, but he had refused; however she now insisted on it; and he being under some obligation to her brother complied with her request; so I was baptized in St. Margaret’s church, Westminser, in February 1759, by my present name.
The clergyman, at the same time, gave me a book, called a Guide to the Indians, written by the bishop of Sodor and Man. On this occasion Miss Guerin do me the honour to stand as godmother, and afterwards gave me a treat” After his baptism, he began to embody the European religious character and became fixated on the idea of self-improvement. His conversion from Polytheism to Christianity represents his freedom from sin and new way of life. This simple decision played a monumental role in the rest of Equiano’s life. Through his embrace of God’s salvation, he begins to submerge himself into the ways of the “New World.” It is here that he learns how to interact with other people and learns that being an effective communicator is the key to his survival beyond the life that he lives now.
The only way that slaves could be freed at this time was by buying their own freedom. From his new master, Mr. King, he learned the power of mercantilism. Equiano, a learned man, observed how Mr. King earned his money and learned how to do the same thing. For many years, Equiano bought and sold things around the West Indies until he saved enough money to buy his freedom. Once he saved up forty-seven pounds, he asked the captain, whom he considered a friend, how he should move forward with gaining his freedom. In turn, the captain set up a meeting with Equiano’s master so that he could ask his master if he could buy his freedom. Initially, the master was confused about where he got the money from, but eventually allowed Equiano to go to the register office and get his formal emancipation. Once he was considered a free man, Equiano found many ways to sustain his new life. He tried his hand in trade and other learned-based businesses. In finding new work to do, he got a true taste of what it meant to be free in the “New World.” He was able to choose where he worked and how he spent his money. It is believed that capitalism is the one system that would allow slaves and former slaves to truly prosper.
It is worth noting that even though he was a free man, there were many times where Equiano was treated unfairly by white men. In his trading and other capital ventures, some white men would “get over” on Equiano by finding ways to not pay him the full amount of the item/ service that they inquired. Some men still saw Equiano as a pawn in capitalism versus a player in capitalism now that he is a free man. At first Equiano’s perspective of the white men were of fear, for he felt that they were savages who would kill and eat him. Ironically, white men had the same fear towards the native Africans in their homeland. After getting over that irrational fear, Equiano proved to his masters that he grasps on to new material quickly. In fact, he observes that white people are the ones who learn at a slower pace.
His quick observations enable him to adapt to the western way of life without much breaking in, in this way he is more likely comprehend the society in which he lives. Equiano was given four different names as he was sold from master to master and because of this, he began to lose sight of his true identity and his functionality in society. In this, he also began to lose his power and overall respect for himself. While in bondage, Equiano was restricted on the amount he, as a human, could develop; this led to limited opportunities for him to capitalize on for his own personal growth. Because Equiano has no sense of stability in his life due to constant selling, he began to realize what it meant to truly be a slave. Because of his heightened observation and imitation skills, he learned to speak a little broken English. This enables him to gradually understand the environment that he is in and what is occurring around him. He achieved enlightenment and self-development to a degree through his conversion to Christianity while being owned by Pascal, who enabled him to be baptized.
Through his baptism he embraces God and frees himself from his past sins, simultaneously creating new morals which he would live by once he was a free man. His desire to live a Westernized life and admiration is strange because of his treatment while he was enslaved. In fact, he hated them when he first arrived in the western world, but now he sees them as superior beings. This shift in thinking only occurs because he was told that he was lesser than them since his arrival. Equiano was a slave for ten years. Like most unbroken slaves, he rebelled against traditions of European culture; however, after having several gentle masters, he begins to adapt to his new culture. He goes to great lengths to personally develop, adapt to their religion, and embrace Western mercantilism. The more that Equiano learns about his new culture, the more he grows in his new identity. Since he was born a free man and forced into slavery, it was hard for him to regain the mental capacity to want that innate right back. According to the text, '[he was] resolved to make each statement to acquire [his] opportunity and come back to Old England' .
This is interesting because he is no longer eager to return back home to Africa; by this time, he has lost touch with his true identity and seems to prefer to live in the life that he was given instead of the one he was born with. This development which Equiano alludes to as home portrays his development as a man and his full-fledged transformation into 'westernism' and Christianity. Christianity was a contributing factor in Equiano's submersion into Western culture. As he learned more about Christianity, he became surer of his identity as an Englishman and being absorbed into their community. Since he was baptized at such a young hope, he newfound faith in God propelled him to do everything that he possibly could to become free. The mere thought of an all-knowing being looking over him at all times fascinated Equiano. In a way, Christianity and Western culture shaped Equiano into the man that he grew into. Being that Equiano relied on his wit and keen observation skills to help him survive his life in bondage. With those two skills, he quickly learned the mannerisms of the masters and other white people that ruled over him.
Their goal was to strip each slave of their identity and give them a new one; this is a process that Paulo Freire called “banking.” Banking is an educational method where people of power tell impressionable people who they are and eventually they become who they are told they are rather than being who they want to be. Instead of communicating, the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the 'banking' concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to the students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits . While this worked for many slaves, it did not for Equiano. He was too smart to fall victim to westernization, but he did play the role of a “good nigger.” Equiano did his best to stay in good graces with his masters, but at times it became hard to mask his true identity. Throughout his entire account of his experience, he remains confident that he held on to his African values as a Christian man, but he admits that his two identities conflicted each other from time to time.
Equiano knew that in order to survive and be free one day, he had to mask his African identity and play the role of a trickster. A trickster is a character “which exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and conventional behavior.” Equiano does not embody all of the characteristics of a trickster because he does not bend or break the rules to steal things; he just uses it to fool his masters into thinking that he wanted to be absorbed into their culture. In African American literature, the trickster is typically used as way to overcome oppression. This theme use is prevalent throughout Equiano’s entire narrative.
Once he educated himself, he began to free himself mentally, and he embodied the role of a trickster until he was able to buy his freedom and separate himself from the life that he was forced to live while being held captive. In conclusion, as Equiano becomes more educated and gains the trust of his masters, his old life and values must be replaced with the new values in order for him to survive. Equiano depicts himself as a wise, all-knowing, quick witted young man and he credits those innate skills to his survival and eventual freedom from slavery, but without his African values and life lessons, he would not have been able to make it as far is he did. He relied on African trickster rituals to help him circumnavigate his life, but he does not credit his freedom to his own wit; he credits it to his new life as an Englishman. His mastery of adaptation, desire to learn, and cultural background were the real reason why he was able to endure the hardships of slavery and eventually buy his freedom.
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Preserving Ones Identity: An in Depth Look at Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative. (2021, Oct 13).
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Mother’s Influence on my Future Life
Growing up I’ve always wanted to be an entrepreneur. I have always wanted to own my own brand and just expand it globally and become well known. I was 100 percent confident that it was going to happen but as I got older I realized how much I liked technology and how it changed my life. My focus in life shifted from “I want to grow up and develop my own brand” to “I want to grow up and be able to create my own computers”. The reason for this shift was because my mother helped me realize what I wanted in life. Without my mother, I would’ve been sent off to the army, not by her but by me because of the way I was behaving in middle school and high school.
When I was born in Africa I grew up under my mother’s wing. Yes, I had a father also but I naturally hung around my mom more because she was the one who stood home alongside her sisters and nieces who took care of me while my father went to work to get money for the family. Growing up around my mother I gained many characteristics which I now use in the present day, such as my all-around awareness and my habit of always coming to someone’s aid. I can write a speech about how impactful my mother was, but what she did for me as a child and that I will never forget is how she instilled in me my desire to learn new things and develop myself as a human being. Growing up education was a major staple in my household. Both my mother’s and my father’s sides of the family have at least an associate’s degree under their belt.
Every time there is a family get together I’m always questioned about how the schoolwork is going or about what I’m going to do after I finish my “Masters” degree and out of both sides of the family I get these questions more from my mom’s side. My mom’s side of the family asking me those questions made me realize that my family relied heavily on education because most of them were immigrants who came here seeking a better education. This kind of thinking and attitude from my family impacted the way that I see school now because when I first started school I thought that it would be fine to just go to college for 2 years and get my associates degree, but as I matured and realized what I wanted to do in life, it dawned me that education was my key to future success because no company was going to hire a guy with no bachelor or master’s degree in the field that he wanted to work in, which was to become a computer software engineer.
A person of my nature and beliefs agrees with the idea of giving which is only because I am a strong believer in karma and believe that everybody should be kind to one another. I also believe in the act of generosity because I believe that that that is how relationships and friendships are created which leads to the creation of bridges which help people in the future because there is no person in the world that can say that they got to the highest point in their lives without generosity and without the help of others. When I am able to reach the height of my career Plan to donate at least $5,000 in total to my after-school program called ACDP Beacon. I owe it all to them because they are the ones who helped me discover my love for sports and my love for computers because when I was in the program, the group leader would always take us to the computer lab where we would always spend time on computers and that was where I started snooping around the computers and figuring out how the software and the hardware worked for hand in hand which led me to do want to build my very own computer and create my own software someday.
Out of all the programs that I have been in while growing up in the past years, I chose ACDP Beacon because this program always hires people to their staff that could relate to the kids and helps them progress mentally and physically. I also chose to donate $5,000 dollars to them in the future because at the moment that I am in my life right now I feel that they have helped me a tremendous amount and I believe that if I could contribute to the program that put me on the track to where I am now, I believe that they would be able to use that money to help other kids do the same, not to mention that this program was really diverse so it also taught all the kid the importance of accepting one another’s cultures.
This kind of thinking brought me to realize that I am from the South Bronx where almost everybody here is a person of color, but what people from outside of the Bronx or New York or people who have never been to New York realize is that there are a lot of intelligent colored people who live in the city and that there are minorities who can think outside the box and view life from a critical viewpoint.
Being born in a country with not as many opportunities as the United States really humbled me alongside the teachings and lessons from my parents really changed me because if it wasn’t for them I would’ve been a loose cannon that took coming here for granted. These teachings are also what made me shift my focus in Life so that I never lose focus of what I'm here for.
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Living with a Stigma: Unwanted Child
Living in silence was hard because of the black circles underneath my eyes. Every dark, difficult, and demanding day of my life someone would walk up to me and say “You don’t sleep, right?” Put into an uncomfortable position, my immediate answer would always be, “Yeah, I don’t,” a lie that was easy for me to tell. They say this because of my dark circles. The very “art” piece I happened to create with the very fragments of pain, emotional breakdowns, and failures experienced in my life. You’d think I would have been used to these inferences made by others, but every question killed me inside. It made me want to scream. No one knows the real reason. My dark circles tell the story. My story. A powerful story that I’ve kept hidden inside of me. Why do I have dark circles? Because I cry, a lot, but there’s more to it.
It all began when my grandmother and aunt told seven-year-old me that I was the unwanted child, and that nobody liked me nor ever would. For years, I questioned this resentment. Why was I the “unwanted child”? What wrong did I commit? I eventually came to know that it was my gender that created so much bitterness. Now, you might ask, why? Any girl born in an Indian family is viewed as weak and inept. Therefore, boys are more desired in Indian families. I recall when I was a young girl, my dad’s insolent mother walked up to me while I was eating a bowl of Lucky Charms cereal on our black sofa. She took the bowl out of my hand and said “Your parents were going to abort you.
The only reason you’re alive is because of your twin brother. We don’t need you. Remember that for the rest of your life.” I can never forget that wounding day. It was the first time I cried my heart out. The way I felt that day, I still feel every day of my life. The feeling of agony and loneliness stabbing and burning through my skin. I could have put it past me, but it meant something. It was hate and it left me in a position that made me rethink my character and my life, especially since it was said to me so often. It hurt so much that something out of my control, my gender, was the main cause of all this hatred and verbal abuse. As I reflect at the spiteful words that were said to me, I can only say I know how scornfully abusive it was to me to live with that for the rest of my life.
Throughout my life, I have been told I am “incompetent”, “incapable”, and “unskilled” to do anything with my life because of my femininity. While trudging through life trying to prove to everyone and myself that I can do so much more, I have been put down and ridiculed to do nothing but household tasks. Growing up in a Sikh family who have held the same beliefs, that have been passed by generations, that girls have to grow up learning the duties of the house, get married, become housewives, take care of their respective families, and if they give birth to a daughter, pass the same dogma to her, because females are only adept of doing household tasks. Nothing else, nothing more. The way everyone treated me made me feel like I was a catastrophe, that me being born is probably one of my biggest failures. It made me question why I was born. I couldn’t do anything. I felt alienated from myself in the way that I couldn’t accept who I was becoming.
It felt as if I was slithering onto somebody else’s canvas, becoming a mere brushstroke, allowing other people to paint out my life, telling me where and how I should live my life. Ultimately, I began to develop wrinkles underneath my eyes because I continuously contemplated my life, my goals, and my purpose of living till late at night with my eyes wide open, hands wrapped around my head, just thinking and crying. I was confused. Every time I would take a step back to look at the bigger picture, I cried even more. The picture I wanted to see was blurred with all the demands life put on me, making me lose the essence of who I was and who I wanted to be. The endless responsibilities at home of washing the dishes, cleaning the bathrooms, ironing the clothes, sweeping the house, and mopping the floors pushed me away from balancing the colors of the happy and vibrant portrait I envisioned. I was imprisoned by my duties.
Life was hard, and still is. Crying was just the initial stages causing my dark circles until it went to sobbing, full and intense with tears, snot, and heavy griefs that made my head, throat, and chest ache. The type of sobbing that still carries on today, truthfully speaking. I knew crying wasn’t going to help, but I still did it anyways because at this point it was my natural response to everything. It wasn’t only people censuring me, but also the constant problems and fights between my parents that heavily affected my mental health, compelling me to break down more due to distress. I wanted my entire life to change. I knew I had to do something and take a stance to prove not only to those who I said I can’t, but myself that my life has value and importance. I wanted to fix the fights, the problems, and the terrible challenges put before me.
I didn’t want to spend the rest of my life with others telling me I’m vulnerable and dependent. I chose to alter and transform my present for a better future. Of course, that came with much struggle and frustration because I didn’t know where to begin. From every corner of my life, I felt crippled and “incapable” like others told me I was. To that response, I remember one-night shedding tears on the bathroom floor and suddenly it hit me. My education. The one thing that no one could take away from me.
Ever since I started school, it has always been my priority. Rising to go above and beyond my norms to succeed academically has always been my goal. I’ve made several sacrifices between my happiness and my school work. To prove I was more than just a girl I had to set aside my joy to live life and make my education and schooling my privilege. I couldn’t become a stroke of paint getting stretched thin, with a brush that was starting to dry out. If my parents never came to America, I wouldn’t have the same educational opportunities there then I have been granted here. In India, many girls do not have the right to an education primarily because of their sexual-category. That is why I take my education so seriously. My only key to a new door of opportunity of growth and recognition was through my education. There was a time when I was studying close to midnight, my father came in my room and told me “You’re not allowed to study.” He took my school bag and my books and ordered me to go to sleep. I guess for him, he didn’t believe in me. For him, everything was a show and me studying was fake. 5 seconds passed, and then 10 and 20, and finally the waterworks began. But, I didn’t let this get to me. Nothing stopped me from pursing my education. I worked so diligently in school and never gave up when it came to academics, even if that meant sleepless nights finishing up school work.
With school, I became confronted with the statement that girls can’t be leaders or become successful. It reminded me of what I went through at home because the same thing was said to me. Due to these assumptions, I have seen girls degrade themselves and thus their struggle to prove themselves put them on a never-ending treadmill. For myself, I wanted to attest those who alleged that wrong. And I did exactly that. Starting freshman year of my high school journey, I took on an immense leadership role in my school. Starting from Student Government and running for the President position against five other boys allowed me to express myself, my ideas, and my individuality. Since freshman year, I had been the frontrunner of Class of 2018. Excelling from my presidencies in Student Government, I moved on to bigger leadership chapters of my life. This included my prominent roles in a large business club called Distributive Educational Clubs of America, representation in New York City Department of Education Advisory Board at AOFE High School, and increased involvement in community service work at religious organizations that gave back to communities.
Now, these were all my obligations. I was an advanced and assiduous student with a program that was congested with several Advanced Placement and rigorous courses whose assignments and coursework were time-consuming and challenging. With already household tasks on my back, I unknowingly added more duties. More responsibilities gave me more strain, pressure, stress, and anxiety. However, I wanted to do more. At home, my family had no idea what I was up to in school. The way I was at home was completely different at school. I broke out my comfort zone to accomplish things my family members would never think a girl is capable of doing. When it got to junior year, not only was I increasing my leadership chapters and roles, taking challenging courses, but I began working. Nobody can imagine going to work from school, coming home having to spend two to three hours cleaning and cooking, running into the room to quickly start doing homework for the next four to five hours, and then preparing for one to hours on other obligations related to clubs and organizations I was involved with. Senior year, I became Chief Executive Officer running a Virtual Enterprise company called Millennial Money Management. I was overseeing 35 student professionals who took advantage of my kindness imparted on them. Many of their unfinished tasks were given to my hands. It was strenuous to have work piling up you, but I did it.
I did feel overworked and overcommitted. With the amount of worrying, hassles, and tensions I had and was taking, there was a severe effect on my health. This long-term chronic stress crushed my immune system, my eating habits, and my sleep, and it wasn’t long enough that I stopped working normally. When it occurred to me I was stressed out was the day I had an emotional breakdown in front of my mother in the car. I told her everything I was going through and how I felt I couldn’t do it anymore. People cope with stress much differently and for, I couldn’t handle it. It felt as if it was menacing my health and well-being. I was restless, angry, sad, depressed and socially withdrawn that I lost myself at a certain point. School work was nerve-wracking. Wearing responsibilities were never-ending, but my emotional breakdown reminded me of why I took on all these jobs in the first place. I proved that I wasn’t incapable of doing great things. In fact, I achieved far more than my brother did. For my father, grandmother, aunts and uncles, cousins, and those who brought me down because I was a girl, it wasn’t eye opening until my I got recognized by the Woman’s Bond Club with a scholarship and mentorship program that gave me a full ride to the college of my dreams because of everything I was able to attain on my own with no support from family members.
You may have noticed I never mentioned my mother throughout all this. My mother is who inspired me to be the very best version of myself. She fought throughout her entire life for her children, and I fought for her. My mother does not have an easy life. She got married to man who doesn’t respect her, who fought with her every single day showing no love or empathy for all that she does for the family, and who doesn’t value her sacrifices. My mom told me “I would’ve left your father years ago but that would ruin your lives. So, I’m here and if you can’t fight through your struggles, nobody else will but only you.” That is why I take on so much. At the end of the day, I’m doing it for her. I cry for myself, for my mother, and for all the battles life brings on. My mother reminds me to keep on going. I cry to do more. I cry to be more. For my mother. As I’ve cultivated and grown, so did my dark circles. They’ll probably never go away because it’s my scar and my trophy.
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Living with a stigma: Unwanted child. (2021, Oct 13).
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Civilization in Ancient Rome
Civilization is defined as a complex society characterized by social stratification, urban development often imposed by the cultural elite in the society, the symbolic systems such as writing and is seen as a separation as well as domination over the natural environment. There are five main key elements that makes a society advanced and thus considered a civilization.
They include:
- centralized government,
- organized religion,
- job specialization and social classes,
- arts,
- architecture and infrastructure
- writing.
This paper will look at the patronage/client relationship that existed in Rome, classes, political organization ad literature on how it reflected the upper class.
Citizens in roman empire were divided in two main categories: the wealthy aristocrats and commoners who were referred to as plebs. Patrons were the wealthy and they often provided support to their clients who in turn offered them services and were actually loyal to them. The number of clients that a patron had as well as their status brought prestige to the patron. A patron would often protect their clients by offering legal advice, according them help as well as their family including financial needs, and in turn the patron owed his vote to their patron. Patronage/client relationship was not just random where a patron picked up a client to offer them financial help. The clients were at times plebs but they never had become slaves. One common practice between the clients and the patrons weather greetings (salutation), that the clients had to greet their patrons every morning. The aim of this relationship was for the elite to provide support to a few who were not really rich and in turn, the clients offered loyalty and other services to the patrons. Freed slaves for example automatically became clients of their patrons who would the accord them financial help (Raaflaub, pg. 34-126).
In Rome there existed social classes and each class had its privileges. the highest class often referred to as patricians were decedents of powerful noble families most who were landowners and from noble families. Aristocrats were able to maintain the classes by passing of the status from one generation. When one was born to a noble family, then they automatically were part of the upper class and their status was an ascribed one. Children of the slaves were automatically slaves or plebs as their class was referred. When the monarchy was abolished members of the senate and magistrates were now part of the elite group and considered the upper class (Gagarin, pg. 123). Members from the lower class who were not slave could move to the upper class by acquisition of wealth. Plebs were reliant on the upper class because they had vast wealth. The ruling class new that in order to exercise power and domination ten thy had to have larger number of dependents who would then exercise loyalty. A pleb would receive all help from their patrons including financial needs and not only to them but also to their family members. The plebs were satisfied with the patrons as long as they provided al the necessary help they needed. other reason plebs depended on the patrons was because the system had been set that way. There had to be the upper class and the plebs and they thus did not have a choice. All one could hope for was that they end up with a good client
There were several advantages from the clients-patron relationship. The first was that the patron was able to accord all help to his client including protection to their family. Consideringmost of the plebs were poor, they were lucky that someone could offer them food, give them money and accord any other help that they needed. It also created a sense of identity and provided opportunities for the plebs as some would later be lucky to work in offices which was rare. The patrons got political loyalty, votes and the clients also worked for them from this relationship. The disadvantage to this relationship was that at times one needed to support your patron especially his political ideas even when you do not agree with them. The slaves were at mercy of their masters and were capable of punishing. Not all patrons were good and while some provided everything to their clients some were not as generous. The system was appropriate for that particular period. In ancient Rome, the gap between the rich and the poor was extremely huge, this relationship helped in bridging the gap and helped the plebs acquire some of the wealth. This allowed for negotiations and most obligations were mutual. Most government in modern world work in client-patron relationship. Find elected leaders will most often come from the rich families. The people or citizens mostly from middle class will have to obey and pay their allegiances to them, vote for them while they themselves can never get an opportunity to vie unless they also acquire wealth (Mousourakis, pg. 87).
Conclusion
Some of the earliest work still being read even today give details on Roman empire, their military and their conquest. There are literary evidence and physical ones that have been uncovered of the social classes that existed in Rome social classes. There is evidence df seating at the colosseum. There were also tombs for he working class which was completely different from those of the plebs. In the book Satyricon by Petronius, Trimalchio is a freedman who really works hard in order to attain social class and power. This are examples of how people were determined to be part of the upper class.
Works Cited
- Mousourakis, George. A legal history of Rome. Routledge, 2007.
- Raaflaub, Kurt A., ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
- Gagarin, Michael, Elaine Fantham, and Hippocratic Corpus-Mosaics. 'Ancient Greece and Rome.' Psychology 52 (2007): 3-32.
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Harsh Education in my Family’s Poverty
During my time growing up it was difficult to have a comfortable life because of the extreme poverty that my family was in. I remember not long ago my family was among the wealthiest of families in the region. My father owned several pieces of land that were dedicated in the production of opium, a family business that that had been in existence for two generation. My father had always groomed my brother and I to take charge of the firm when the time was right. However, this time came sooner than we had all anticipated when he met an early death at the hands of his brother, my uncle.
Mother had done an exemplary job in raising the two of us brothers whose role was now to take care of our mother in the absence of our deceased father. The ordeal began one chili morning when we were having breakfast at home in the western highlands. My uncle was a general in the government which, had received much criticism and hostility from the opposition. My uncle was a huge man, bold and fierce with his words. This was the second time I had seen him in my life because he was never at home. That morning, a trop of soldiers forced their way to our house upon the command made by my uncle.
My mother lead us to lead us out of a secret door of the mansion we had that we never knew existed. She had to flee with us to save our lives, which would later turn to be a blessing to her and the memory of her late husband. Years later after the death of our father, we had to device ways in which we could support ourselves. Andrew my brother was always passionate about art and music just like mother. However I was deeply motivated to be a business man and follow in the steps of my father.
Over the years I had always wondered how differently life could have unfolded for us in the case we stayed back that day. Moreover, I was in constant thoughts over why my uncle had been so heartless on that day, his motivation for violence against his family and what was happening at our home at the moment. Our mother had forbidden us from ever return to our lost home, she was convinced that the place was cursed and that our return will be the cause of our death
Life had changed for us, from the comfort of a mansion and servants to a life of poverty and begging. There was so little we could call our own conspiring the time we had to escape with our lives. Despite our situation, our mother constantly consoled us the best way only a mother could. From time to time we would be on the move in search of a place we could settle and start a life. One day, as it had been our habit, we approached a tycoon who we hoped could employ us to perform farm work and other casual works that could help us live by. The man had a huge mansion and a large coffee plantation which we later learned was an inheritance from his grandfather. I envied the peace that the man had in comparison to our situation. Being a kind hearted man, we explained our ordeal and he offered to help us, not only did he take us in but also paid for our education. My mother was now aging and she fell ill frequently.
One day after school mother called me to her room where she had been on bed for several days now. She had a deep smile in her face that always showed contentment and love, but I could also see that she as in pain and her smile was not as bright as it used to be. These were the most intense 5 minutes of my life, I was confused on what I was supposed to do or say, she squeezed my hand and whispered to my then with one last heavy breath she died. At that time I could feel the weight of the world on my shoulder, I could hardly breathe and my mind was blank. I had to stay strong for my younger brother since I was now a guardian to my brother. During that time I got angry at everyone. First I was angry at my parents for abandoning us at a young age but above all I blamed it all on my uncle. Weeks later I was moved to have revenge on my uncle but I could not since I had made a promise to my mother before she died.
Years later after our education, our host Mr. Moore who was like a father to us, called my brother and me for a talk. He had a bright smile of a proud father. Even though he had no children of his own, he had consistently made it clear how proud he was to be our father. During this talk, he made it clear that we were to take control of his farm upon his death. The thought of it drove fear into me because of my past. I had several questions and at some point I wanted to turn down his offer. However, I could not turn my back on a man who had been good to us when situations were tough in our lives. That was when I realized that family is characterized by resilience, love, commitment and above all loyalty. The gift of family is richer than any other material possession, that is the gift of family.
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Correct Spelling of Narrative Paper
Throughout many generations, stories have told and passed down. Their purpose was to entertain and teach people about life. Writing a personal narrative is one of the many forms of storytelling and was effective in reaching our message to our audience.
When choosing our story, my group came up with the idea to tell a story about a college student. We chose this topic because we knew well enough about the struggles of a college student and it would be relatable to our audience. Throughout the process of creating the story, we wanted to include the many struggles that come as a college student. Our purpose was to show that one is not alone when feeling stranded during the transition period for most college freshmen. We also wanted to include some tips that would be helpful to use when running into these situations.
We wanted to reach to a relatable audience, thus, we choose our peers as our audience. Mainly, our story is to reach out to anyone who is experiencing their first time in college. My group and I know how challenging it was during our first few weeks, so we decided to appeal to our peers. Having our peers as our audience made the story more relatable and meaningful.
As for our choice of media, we chose to present the story through video. Since our story is about a college student, we decided that the best way to reach a youthful audience was through video. Today, mostly all young adults are on the internet and using it to watch online videos; Thus, using video as our media was one of the best options to appeal to a younger audience. To make the video, we used Powtoons, which was a cartoon video creator website. Cartoons made the video fun to watch, and we want to captivate our audience with a story that was fun to watch.
The video was one of the more complicated tasks for our narrative. During the process of bringing the story to life, we pitched many ideas to put into the story. It ranged from scary stories of failure to comedic exaggerations, but the challenging task was to fit all the content into the video. I had the task of creating the video, while the rest of my group created the storyline. My group mates created a wonderful story; however, I could not fit a two-page story into a five-minute video. While creating the video, I could really relate to the character because we both were in stressful situations. I could say the same for my teammates as well because they had to create the story on one document. Overall, we all finished our work and the video was better than we expected. We felt like our character at the end of our video, where she had everything together and enjoyed the fruit of her labor.
After many trials and some miscommunication, our group was able to bring our story to life and reach our message to our audience. Our audience easily received our message through our choices creating a story that was relatable and our fun video.
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African Americans a Personal Narrative
In reviewing my family lineage on ancestry.com I looked at the occupation of my ancestors and I can see that my mother and father’s generation is the first generation in my family to pursue jobs that require a 4 year college education. In reviewing obituaries, birth certificates, and other census type records I see that I came from a line of people who worked hard for the money they earned. My paternal grandfather was a welder, his father was a janitor, his father a blacksmith and his father a farmer and former slave. I was not as successful tracing my mother’s line, but I do know from speaking with my mother and grandparents that her father was a sharecropper. My mother remembers long hot days helping him pick cotton. Her family has always resided in the South whereas my father’s family moved North very shortly after slavery ended.
Slavery has permanently erased part of my history. It is not exactly apparent what country my ancestors came from. I can only rely on a DNA test taken by my father to show part of the history of my origins. Amazing and culturally diverse countries make up my background. The countries of Benin and Togo are the origins 35% of his DNA. Cameroon, Congo and the Southern Bantu people represent another 27% of his DNA. Other countries like the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Ghana, and Mali feature in his DNA also. Unfortunately, many details of my ancestors and exactly when these different people came together were lost during slavery. The legacy that slavery left me is that all these complex cultures do not influence my daily life. I am no more African than I am white. I see myself as American, specifically African American, so the history of the various cultures in my DNA is interesting but I do not relate, identify or align myself with them. My paper will focus solely on my African American heritage.
The oppression of the ancestors of African Americans started the moment they were captured and placed on slave boats. The text book for this course mentions that slaves were crammed in so tightly into the hulls of ships that it was impossible to prevent the spread of disease. The book also mentions that since they were cargo their loss overboard was covered by insurance not their natural deaths. This led to slaves being chained together and tossed overboard when they became ill. Upon arrival to the shores of their new homeland slaves faced the indignity of being sold to another person. After that the systemic repression of their home language, culture, and religion began. This led to the loss of African culture but began the creation of the new African American culture.
The African American people were and are still predominantly located in the South Eastern United States. This region of the United States was the location of the Southern plantation where slaves lived. As time went along and slavery was abolished then Jim Crow and segregation began. The urbanization that happened during World War II saw African Americans moving North to live in cities close to white citizens instead of rural areas. During this time public spaces were supposed to be separated by race, but equal. Often this was not the case. Places for African Americans were subpar compared to spaces for whites. .
In present day African Americans, we can see that the oppression due to race still has an effect. The past is coloring the present in that African Americans still think that the color of their skin and other race specific features will play a role in the oppression that they face. The United States has long been known for racial prejudice and preference for lighter skin is inextricably linked. African Americans as a people have many different shades of skin color that range from very light to very dark. African Americans have long held a peculiar relationship with skin color. Historically there has been a preference for lighter skin in the African American population. This preference is called colorism. (Harris, 2008) This preference for lighter skin is present in American society in general and has had an adverse affect on African American society. This preference has crossed the line from just a preference to affecting the lives of darker skinned African Americans.
Skin color has become a mark of desirability in the social and economic realm with lighter skin tones preferred. African Americans with darker skin have lower socioeconomic status than those with lighter skin. This is due partly to the way darker skin tone affects the chances of being employed. (Harris, 2008) Some modern stereotypes that other groups may hold about African Americans is that they are poor, lazy, drug using, aggressive and hostile. Blacks also have stereotypes about themselves, many of these stereotypes stem from the way that blacks are viewed by others in society. Group identity and how the group feels about itself has been found to be shaped by the societies culture. This has led to many African Americans internalizing some of the stereotypes mentioned above.
There are other challenges besides skin tone that divide African Americans. Some of the challenges are the desire by some to try to fit into white society by suppressing their own culture in favor of white culture. The converse of this idea also exists in black America. Some African Americans eschew all things white. They celebrate African American and African culture and make sure to stay in black places and spaces.
Religion is another area that African Americans can be divided some have stayed with the Christian religion that was passed down to them by whites during slavery. In Christian black churches, theology has been shaped over the decades by racism and the depiction of God as white. As mentioned before the relationship between blacks and white has been long, complex and not always positive. Some blacks have rejected the concept of God being white and refer to the Bible the text that says Jesus had dark skin and woolen hair. African Americans are also members of religions such as Islam. Another group of African Americans are not practicing the religions of various African Cultures.The religious views for an entire race of African Americans are diverse and they are not able to placed into one religious category.
Similar to other Americans, African Americans fit in various social classes. Dubois an early African American Activist stated that blacks have never been in just one social class. Even when there were slaves there were free blacks. When all blacks became emancipated and began to make their own way, they began to separate into more social classes. In 1899 Dubois wrote that there was four distinct social classes of blacks. His four classes were the vicious/criminal class, the poor, the working people, and anyone middle class and above. Since that time social class has evolved and changed, but there are still blacks who fit in these categories. This widening division in wealth caused a large divide in the black community. The expanding black middle class and they moved away from traditionally black neighborhoods leaving these neighborhoods comprised of poor blacks.
This weakened black social infrastructure in those neighborhoods and led to the remaining poor class being more disadvantaged. In recent years African Americans in the upper and middle classes began moving back to the old neighborhood and there has been a black gentrification in places such as Harlem. This movement has caused the displacement of lower income blacks. This has become a source of intragroup conflict in traditionally black neighborhoods. Wealthier African Americans pulled for the seeking of other Middle class and wealthier individuals of all races, to fill some of the vacancies in the neighborhoods. While it can be said that the black social infrastructures in these neighborhoods has been revived, it has been done at the expense of lower income blacks whom wealthier blacks do not want to live next to. It seems that poverty and wealth has become a divisive thing in the black community. There is a clear division between the haves and the have nots.
Black families have a long history of single parents or extended family stepping in to raise the next generation. There have been studies and theories on this occurrence that have related this family structure to the disadvantaged situation of black families. Others have said that the lack of a two-parent household is the actual cause of the disadvantage.
African American gender roles move away from what is considered the traditional American gender roles of a breadwinning male and a female managing the domestic side of life. This difference in part has to do with family structure and income levels. Due to black women being part of the labor force black men and women see each other as more of equals and take part equally in the division of household chores.
For my family being African American has shaped us in that we feel that we can never forget the color of our skin. The centuries of slavery followed by the century of oppression and segregation has greatly influenced my experiences as a young African American. I cannot live in this world without being aware daily of my race. I cannot act like segregation did not happen when my own mother can remember using a different water fountain than whites. I cannot forget that my grandfather was a sharecropper for a white family who barely paid him for the work he did. I cannot forget the lessons I was taught while young about my place in the world and how it relates to whiteness.
This view relates directly back to the stereotypes that other races may have about African Americans and the way it has shaped how we move in public spaces. I think that this kind of talk growing up has predisposed me in a way to distrust white people in general. The paradox of this is that my parents wanted us to have the opportunities that came from being around white people and made sure that we lived in a predominantly white neighborhood and attended schools that were predominantly white. I think that this kind of thinking has affected my future in that I too am living in a sort of paradox. My husband is white, my children are half white, but I find myself sometimes distrusting whether or not new whites I meet will be welcoming of me and my presence. Most of they time they are, but I still have that voice in the back of my head telling me they may not want me here.
Some important points I take away after researching for this paper is that the plight of African Americans from slavery to present day is a multi-faceted and well researched topic. The years spent in slavery have had an impact that is lasting to this present day. This impact colors a lot of the way that African Americans move through shared spaces. The African American family structure of a single parent or extended family raising children may have began in slavery when it was not a choice, but now it seems that this type of family has become commonplace and essentially the norm for African American families. The existence of intragroup discrimination based on skin color and poverty plagues the African American community in a way that keeps blacks from being able to reach across a divide and realize that we all fall under the umbrella of being black in America.
Works Cited
- (n.d.). Retrieved February 2019, from Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/
- Asante, M. K. (2009, May 12). Contours of African American Culture. Retrieved from www.asante.net: http://www.asante.net/articles/12/contours-of-the-african-american-culture/
- Gates, H. L. (2016, February 1 ). Black America and the Class Divide. Retrieved from The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/education/edlife/black-america-and-the-class-divide.html
- Harris, A. P. (2008, January). From Color Line to Color Chart: Racism and Colorism in the new Century. Berkely Journal of African American Law & Policy, 10(1).
- Healy, J. F., Stepnik, A., & O'Brien, E. (2019). Race, Ethnicity, Gender, & Class. Thousands Oak, CA: SAGE publications.
- Hochschild, J. L., & Weaver, V. (2007). The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order. Social Forces, 86(2), 643-670.
- Hoskins, O. D. (2013, August 1). Relationships between internalized Stereotypes, black identity, race salience and Self Esteem among African American College Students. Retrieved February 25, 2019, from https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1742&=&context=dissertations&=&sei-redir=1&referer=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.bing.com%252Fsearch%253Fq%253Dblacks%252Binternalized%252Bstereotypes%2526form%253DEDGEAR%2526qs%253DPF%2526cvid%253D
- Hyra, D. (2006, March). Racial Uplift? Intraracial Class and Conflict and the Economic revitalization of Harlem and Bronzeville. City & Community, 5(1), 71-92.
- Johnson, K., & Loscocco, K. (2014, February). Black Marriage through the Prism of Gender, Race and Class. Journal of Black studies, 46(2), 142-171.
- Johnson, S. A. (2019, February). African Americans and Religion. Retrieved from Oxford Research Encyclopedias: http://oxfordre.com/religion/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-64#
- Jones, J. M., & Campbell, S. (2011). Culture Psychology of African Americans. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 3(1). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=orpc
- Jones, T. (2010). Intragroup preferencing proving skin color and identity performance discrimination. N.Y.U. Review of law and social change, 34.
- Ruggles, S. (1994). The Origins of African American Family Structure. American Sociological review, 136-151.
- Williams, M. T. (2011, December 27). African Americans and Pathological Stereotypes. Retrieved from Psychology Today: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/culturally-speaking/201112/african-americans-and-pathological-stereotypes
Black people
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Revising my Personal Narrative
I understood what I missed. It lacked of focusing on portraying my medical condition's causes and development. While understanding, I found I never gave a comprehension of family ancestry and how my sickness had come to fruition. I broadly expounded on my voyage of how I was analyzed at the emergency room, and my way toward getting back to great wellbeing, making it hazy for my audience to grasp it. While being in my social conduct parts of general wellbeing, I went to the understanding that social and conduct parts of general wellbeing make central capability, concerning social thoughts and systems that affect prosperity status and general soundness of the general population.
I will be clarifying what I missed in my last part. During my time in this class as an imperative factor I had learned the manner by which I had to apply circumstances and end results to an individual circumstance. For an issue whether it is mental, physical, mental, wellbeing and so forth there was a reason that prompt those medical issues, which was trailed by an effect. For instance intergenerational neediness which is the destitution instigated by the socially/monetarily tested foundation of an individual’s background. The reason for this is because of somebody's background history being unfit to profit or being in debt during their years alive, and the impact of that is neediness conveys down to the accompanying age on the grounds that the past might have been not able pay obligation. I wasn’t the most knowledgeable person when I had realized I had that medical condition, I had only gotten a high school degree, and in that spot my way of getting an advanced education wasn’t really an option for me.
Growing up just like the fundamental supplier for my expenses I din’t consider education an option. I valued money the most which I would get weekly. I worked extended periods at a mobile phone store it was something that improved the chances of needing a surgery. Usually a cyst goes away on its own if I was drinking a lot of water and doing exercise. However, I didn’t care about that part until my stomach grew bigger, and I suffered a lot of pain. Indeed working extended periods of time, and unfit to invest significant time to go to the specialists or stress over my wellbeing, it made my wellbeing not be in the best shape when I was told to have laproscopic cystectomy as soon as possible. Unfit to plan specialist visits and eating horribly prompt my health to be worse. Eating unfortunate and sleek sustenances prompt elevated severe pain. At first, I thought my horrible eating habit has caused my stomach to grew bigger. I tried a lot of weight losing exercises, but it wasn’t helping. Did I point that out in my narrative essay part 1? no. Which is something I would change.
From my Social and conduct parts of Public health class, a course material I am applying to my essay is that training impacts wellbeing conduct and wellbeing status. Having the capacity to make objectives that address the association between prosperity status and science, solitary lead, prosperity organizations, social components, and game plans. Teaching individuals about their wellbeing makes them more mindful of the potential outcomes that could consider while being analyzed, and what precautionary measures to take. In the event that my specialist told me to take precaution medicines, if I had taken them it would’ve prevented me from being getting a surgery.
People with more education will probably find out about health issues, but at that time I only had a high school degree and getting an education didn’t mean anything to me. Some patients may be more prepared to understand their prosperity needs, take after rules, advocate for themselves and their families, and discuss adequately with wellbeing. One enormous issue while understanding ideas on general wellbeing is the absence of knowing. In the event that people in general doesn't have a fundamental comprehension of social issues that are significant in the present society like destitution, health issues, and so on. It is on the grounds that they are not taught or don't play the job of endeavoring to be instructed in the issue. Furthermore, it conveys us to the inquiry like how is general population going to know the projects, emotionally supportive networks, human services framework offers? They wouldn’t without being instructed. Perhaps if I had stepped up with regards to go to the specialists the time I felt queasiness and feeble, cause my pain to grow, rather than getting worse.
A noteworthy general medical problem that is made reference to in my own story is to indicate how vital wellbeing is to someone, and that education plays a main consideration to this. Informational achievement broadly should be a real field for general wellbeing reflection. Sometimes, wellbeing experts could truly lift enlightening tasks to impel public health. Guidance in this manner should be seen as a fundamental essential for the interference of the cycle of poverty and awkward nature in prosperity. The public health network ought to develop research to more readily grasp the causal associations among training and wellbeing, and along these lines recognize demonstrate based procedures that can possibly promote public health. Bringing back my health , aversion could have been made to help my current condition of prosperity. It is our very own duty to play it safe of instructing ourselves on medical issues society faces on an everyday premise.
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My Qualities in School Years
Having leadership qualities in me when I was at school was zero. Believing in myself was not easy for me. But, later on there was some circumstances developed where I need to lead myself in a group. That was my house meetings, where they were asking for volunteers to be house captains of red team. My hand raises at first and everybody was under shock that how I can lead school red house from upfront. My role was to bring my house at number one spot in coming sports event. All selected me according to vote system.
At that time, I was at cloud nine but same time was feeling nervous that how I can lead alone and taste success. First of all, I made several meetings before sports event took place. Try to made all my team members comfortable under my leadership. Try to have fun at meetings and crack some jokes on each other. My goal was clear to everybody “To reach at top”. Taking some inspirational lines from great personalities was one of my way to encourage them to boost them with confidence. To do this I obligated to consent some of my defaulting deeds behind. Occasionally, though, some of my evasions would pop back up again. Definitely being a leader is not easy.
It depends in different factors or abilities. I started making small meetings in every classroom to find some students to volunteer our sport event and help us in our goal. It was not easy to join student with our team. But my fellow team member has taken great imitative to promise all students in return of their services to give them rocking sports event this year. As the day passes, I had discussions with my team on whiteboard to discuss strategies, to develop small short-term goals to reach big goals. By tuning in to my friends, and by gaining from my slip-ups I have defeated my hindrances. Through this I have turned into a fair head.
I attempt to step up with reputes to urge individuals to talk up and offer plans to the gathering and conceptualize to think of ways that assistance the gathering to accomplish our objectives. In these circumstances, I utilize my appealing administration characteristics to get things going. At the end the day had arrived for which we had waited so long. The result of my team was over expectations but still we finish up second. Overall, I was happy with my team ad had great experience them with working and get chance to learn a lot.
The lessons that I got and reinforced are: the manner by which to be a cooperative person, to be a superior audience, to have more tolerance, to be not terrified of productive analysis, to be straightforward, and to be an issue solver. Despite the fact that I have picked up a great deal, regardless I have more things to figure out how to improve as a pioneer, for example, being progressively confident, being increasingly restrained, improving as an open speaker, and figure out how to be practical and not very idealistic.
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Letter to you what to do in a Difficult Situation
I am writing this letter for you because you are a young kid who don’t know what to do in some difficult situation and you will need to make some choices which will change your life. I don’t even know what to start with but I will start to tell you about your family life. Your parents will always be there for you but they will need to divorce because they can’t live together anymore so you will have to choose who do you want to live with. I know it is hard but you should think at this a bit before taking the decision.
Well I choose to go with my mom because I was totally free, no rules, she never asked me why I stayed until midnight away from home, she was giving me money for everything I want it but it is not that amazing because I start skipping classes, I start smoking and I was wasting money on things that I don’t need. Lucky enough I realised she is a bad influence and I decided to go back to my father and I lost just 2 years of my life and school. So when that will happened please stay with your father for a better future. I can tell you about your social life, you have lots of friends even if you are too young to understand what a real friend is just spend as much time as you can with your friends because people will change.
You will understand this when you will get older. You will get your first girlfriend, she is an amazing girl but you will get bored and you will decide to take a “break”. Just don’t do that, I think she is perfect for you, you can make a nice family together. I met her after a few years and she was so beautiful, she is clever as well , she wants to be a lawyer. You will start high school soon, you will be the most popular guy in that school just because your really friendly with everyone and there you will found your real best friend, we met there and we are still friends after 8 years.
She is an incredible and beautiful women now and I can’t believe she is my best friend. I know you think some of your teachers are just annoying but they just want to help you. Don’t skip classes just because you don’t like the teacher. Some of them are really good teachers and I don’t even know them because I have been once in the class to see him. They will help you in your future career so just go and respect them. This is probably how your life will be in the next few years and it is up to you if you will take my advices or you will do what you want.
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Letter to you what to do in a difficult situation. (2021, Oct 13).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/10/page/5/
Challenges myself are the Fastest Way to Enhance me into a Successful Person
Times passes so quickly, I have been studying in the USA for almost two years. Currently, I’m studying Business Management because I hope one day I can run my family business successfully. As a child, my father used to tell me that “Starting a business is hard, maintaining and keeping the business is harder”, which has inspired my whole life. Thus, I’m applying to transfer for the next coming year.
As a freshman, everything was new for me and I didn’t know how to start. As time went on, I learned to be confident and not afraid to ask a question. As a result, I built a network in college which is vital both to future career growth and will last a lifetime. Also, the professors not only taught the learning material, but offered me many precious bits of advice for my future job. They are very professional which makes an international student like me able to keep up with the pace. As I look ahead to my sophomore year, I found that everything stayed the same and I want to make my college life different, more challenging, and more competitive.
Although I enjoyed study in South Carolina, it still limited the opportunities to explore many new things both on and off campus life like in the big city. Actually, there is some career fair events organized in school but they lack choice for me to choose the internship that is suitable for me. I always believe that competitions will bring improvement to life and I like to challenges myself. When I have a competitor, I push myself because anything others can do, I can do better. In addition, I have fear of the hurricanes that happened every Fall semester. They cause flying glass from broken windows or lose electricity and water.
As a transfer student, I would like to use the remaining two years of college to prepare and experience the next step in my life. At the University of San Francisco, I will continue my current major which is Business Management as I want to keep and grow my family business. Because of the rigorous requirements of the University of San Francisco, I can have more of a chance of discovering, and improving myself to be ready for my future career. The more I practice the problem, the better and the more successful I am. Also, San Francisco is a big city which has more job opportunities, and I can build greater networking.
Significantly, I know that having a University of San Francisco degree will help me in the future in finding a good job after graduation because I want to gain new experiences and explore the new challenge in different businesses before I officially run my family business. The first two years in the University of South Carolina was amazing and it was a basic step and a great time for me to adapt to life in America, and the next two college years is important to decide my future path and who I am in the future. I’m now ready for my next challenge and am really excited about the new opportunity.Internship
Cite this page
Challenges myself are the fastest way to enhance me into a successful person. (2021, Oct 13).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/10/page/5/
