A Better World According to Jeffrey Sachs

In this essay I will elucidate my opinion to you. The novelist of 'the End of Poverty' Jeffrey Sachs claim that we can end poverty by 2025. Is an extremely persuasive claim because he gives us ways we can end poverty, he has been around the world and had a glimpse of all of this poverty, and he reveals how we spend more on other things than we do poverty.

First, there are many ways we can end poverty. Such as using the 'wealth of the rich, the power of today's vast storehouse of knowledge, and the declining fraction of the world.' By using the riches of the rich we can give money to those who need it, through knowledge we can understand how much to give so everyone will be equal. Finally, we may use the decrease in the world to our ascendancy because there will be less people to give money to. Using all this to our ascendancy could lead us to a world without poverty.

Furthermore, Jeffrey has been all over the world and has had a glimpse of some of the poverty in the world. Jeffrey, know has a comprehension of 'ninety percent of the worlds' poverty. He has been to and worked in 'over a hundred countries'. He has noticed how some economics are approving and how others are getting worse. He knows more about poverty than a 'school book' talks about. He tells us how the news scarcely reports things about poverty. If Jeffrey hadn't been around the world and seen for himself. He probably would have been similar to us originally, and not known how poverty was so frightful.

Finally, he conveys to us in his book how we spend more on other things such as'military'. Then we spend on poverty, this causes more poverty. Yes, it may increase our security, but what happens when everyone is diseased thanks to poverty. We will have no one to protect us, so there will be no point of spending money on the military. We should split a one fourth of that money that goes to military to give to poverty.

The novelist of 'the End of Poverty' Jeffrey Sachs claim that we can end poverty by 2025. Is a very convincing claim because he gives us ways we can end poverty, he has been around the world and had a glimpse all of this poverty, and he shows how we spend more on other things than we do poverty. This essay is only my opinion, while others make argue different I think he was great. Is Jeffrey going to be right? Will poverty end, let's find out in 2025! 

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Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism is the point of view that a culture ought to be socially assessed by its own social measures and not by those of another culture. Sociologists believe that good and moral frameworks, which shift from culture to culture, are for the most part similarly substantial and nobody’s framework is extremely superior to some other. This depends on the thought that there is no extreme standard for good or underhandedness, so every judgment about what is correct or wrong is culture particular. What is viewed as unethical in one culture is viewed as good in another, and, since no all-inclusive standard of ethical quality exists, nobody has the privilege to judge another general public's traditions. Cultural relativism sees facts as factors rather than absolutes. Since truth isn't objective, there can be no standard which can be connected to all societies. Numerous masterminds trust that the possibility of all-inclusive realities in morals is a legend. The ethical code among our own cultures is simply just a single among many and has no exceptional status joined to it. The ethical code of culture figures out what is correct and what isn't correct. In the event that one culture says something is morally right, at that point, it is ideal, in any event inside that culture. If another culture says that same something isn't morally right, at that point it isn't right, in any way inside that culture.

What appears to be mixed up to me about cultural relativism is that nothing is intrinsically wrong, and nothing is naturally right, as long as a culture says as much. It is somewhat similar to the adage 'When in Rome, do as the Romans do.' I don't perceive how this conviction remains constant when visiting different cultures.

I experience considerable difficulties completely concurring with the convictions of cultural relativism. Might it be able to be because I originated from an alternate society with an alternate arrangement of morals? It is extremely conceivable. I simply think that it’s difficult to trust that there are no general certainties on account of contrasts in cultures. How about we take the German Nazis for an illustration. They endeavored to eliminate each living Jewish individual. They wound up slaughtering around six million Jewish individuals. Accept Rwanda as another illustration. More than 800,000 men, ladies, and kids were killed in light of the fact that they were attempting to confer massacre. I can't take a gander at this and say that it ought to be socially worthy to murder those honest individuals in light of the fact that their general public concurred that it was the correct activity. We can likewise utilize America for instance. In reality, America may even be a superior case since this is our way of life and our general public. There was a period in our history where subjection was an acknowledged practice by the greater part. At that point, the nation separated when one side, at last, said that servitude was a corrupt practice and ought not to be permitted. Subjugation was abrogated and most of the nation concurred that subjection was not the correct thing for our nation to do.

So where was the correct in the above-recorded illustrations? It is safe to say that we are back to the lion's share morals once more? Is it safe to say that it was alright to have slaves in light of the fact that the dominant part of society said as much, however wrong now in a similar society on the grounds that the lion's share says as much? Cultural relativism depends on the thought that there are no all-inclusive certainties, and one culture's convictions are no more preferable or more regrettable over another culture's convictions. It holds the conviction that there is no extreme standard for good or detestable, and each judgment is just set in stone as indicated by a person's way of life and society. I experience considerable difficulties tolerating this totally. There are a lot of things that bode well about it, yet the oversights in this conviction unquestionably exceed where I remain on cultural relativism. 

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Importance of Cultural Relativism in Attaining Cultural Understanding

People tend to view the world from a single perspective, which is usually their own. People also apply their own cultural standards for judging the beliefs, customs, and values of other communities. Cultural relativism is an ethic which consists of beliefs, values, and customs. It is the society’s culture which decides what is considered right and wrong, not the individual person. Every society will have their own different views of what is considered right and wrong. Cultural relativism never imposes its standards on other cultures, or its behaviors on the outside of the group. In cultural relativism, cultures are not to be judged by our own standards of what we believe is right or wrong, but we should try to understand why the culture is the way it is.

The bumper sticker that goes along with cultural relativism is “When in Rome, Do as Roman do”, which means that when you are visiting a foreign place, you should follow the customs of that society. One should be polite and respect the foreign place by following the customs of the people who live there when visiting. It is important to try adapting to the customs of the people who are native to the place in order to have peace and for the greater good.

In the Islam culture/ religion in countries such as Tunisia, Lebanon, Iraq, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia there is a dress code for both men and women. Women wear a burka, hijab, chador, and a niqab. The dress code for a woman is meant to protect her modesty and privacy. Most of the time you see the woman’s face and hands being the only uncovered body parts of the body. Also, marriage in Islam is to be within their social group, caste or ethnic group.

In the American culture there is no dress code for both men or women. Women in America are allowed to wear whatever they want to. Women can wear revealing clothing, showing their arms, legs, and chest. Marriages in American culture can be within religions if they chose to, but do not have to be. We can marry outside of our religion.

The American and Islam culture are very different from one another. If an American woman was to visit a country that practices the Islam culture, and where all the women are covered up to protect their modesty and privacy, it would be disrespectful to see the American woman wearing revealing clothing such as a crop top shirt and shorts. While visiting we should follow the bumper stick “When in Rome, Do as Romans do”. As an American woman visiting a country of the Islam culture, we should dress appropriately to what they believe is the correct way to dress and cover ourselves up to show some respect to the people of that culture. We should understand why it would be disrespectful to dress revealing, and to not follow their ways of how they do things. If it was to be the other way around, a woman from a country where Islam is practiced coming to the United States, she should be able to understand why American women do not have a dress code as they do. Coming to America, one would see the majority of woman revealing a lot more than just their faces and hands, by possibly wearing sleeveless shirts, short sleeves, crop tops, and shorts. The woman practicing the Islam culture should not judge or criticize the women who choose to reveal their bodies, but she should be able to see that here in America women are allowed to express themselves freely by being allowed to wear what they want to. It is our right as women to dress how we want to in America.

People come from many different cultures, which have different experiences and perspectives. It is important for us to be able respect each other’s cultures and try to understand it. It is each individuals responsibility to not just see the world from our own perspective, but see other’s perspective as well, and to also try to understand that every culture has their own beliefs, values, and customs, and their own views of what is considered right and wrong. We should not judge those who are of different cultures from us or because we simply cannot understand their ways. We should attempt to understand every culture. We should have respect for other cultures as it can be beneficial and it can be a great learning opportunity. Learning from other culture experiences and perspectives can contribute to the greater good. 

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Sonnet ‘Bright Star’ by John Keats

The sonnet, Bright Star written by John Keats, was heavily discussed during one of our class sessions. Much of the classroom was in agreeance that the speaker was listing ways he did not want to be steadfast. However, I had a very different view on the sonnet. My difference in view happened because I noticed something different in the form of the sonnet, and the beginning of a line that gets overlooked, which no one had mentioned during the class discussion.

The sonnet is written with an octave, a sestet, and a volta to separate them like a classic Italian sonnet, yet has an English form rhyme scheme of ABABCDCDEFEFGG. There is quite possibly a second volta as well, and I strongly believe it qualifies as one. It is in the last line and indicated by a dash when it says, “And so live ever---or else swoon to death.” It is a clear transition from listing the things he wants to feel forever to wishing death if he is unable to have it. The first volta was after line eight when the tone shifts from the undesirable things of being a steadfast star to the things he desires most; forever with his love.

That was not the only difference in view I had with the class. I also read with more emphasis on the phrase, “And watching...,” from line three. I read it as he did not want to be forever watching the things nature does. Which is what he spends the entire octave describing. An example is, “The moving waters at their priestlike task,” from line five, or “Of snow upon the mountains and the moors,” from line eight. Both those lines are used to give a visual of the environmental things the star watches, purposefully not including any human connections. However, it felt like the class missed the watching part and only thought he was listing off things he did not want to be steadfast like.

I believe the class overlooked “watching” because the speaker then describes in long detail how the star watches. In fact, it is described how in both lines three and four. “And watching, with eternal lids apart,” from line three and “Like nature’s patient, sleepless Eremite,” from line four. By the overshadowing that those details cause, the reader seems to forget that it is describing how something is watching all together. It all gets mistakenly chunked together as things he does not want to be. There was far too much emphasis on “the how” of the star watching, and not nearly enough on what the star watches.

The reason I so passionately think it was meant to be interpreted as watching those things instead of being them is because after the volta he states he wants to be steadfast and feel his love forever. He makes this clear in lines nine, “No --- yet still steadfast, still unchangeable,” and line eleven, “To feel forever its soft fall and swell.” He makes a clear distinction between just watching and actually feeling that wouldn’t have even been able to be seen unless the focus was better placed on the watching phrase of the sonnet.

To actually feel and be connected is obviously hugely important to the speaker. Almost immediately that claim is supported by what is said in the very second line when he says, “Not in lone splendor hung aloft the night,”. He flat out states he does not want to be alone. He then makes an interesting statement in line six when it is listing the things he does not want to see as a star, “Of pure ablution round earth’s human shores,”. What stands out to me so heavily is that by saying earth’s human shores he is disassociating the star from being human in any way with just that one line. Which is the connection he seems to want so desperately.

Another noticeable difference between the octave and the sestet is the isolated tone that the octave is written in opposed to the deeply connected tone that the sestet is written in. The octave speaks of the star being alone at night in the sky, the moving waters on earth’s shores, and even the new and cold fallen snow. All of those intentional details leave the reader with a chilling sense of isolation. However, by speaking of being pillowed on his loves breast, her tender breath, and to feel forever her soft fall and swell of breathing the reader is now left with a much warmer and connected feeling.

All of these things that Keats does with the tones, all of the words that are selected, etc. it is all intentional. He purposefully gets those reactions from the reader. Every one of the sentences that Keats wrote is meant to be in its specific place to get the specific effect across. A good example of this is when he says in line ten, “Pillowed upon my fair love's ripening breast,”. By using “pillowed” he makes us think of him softly with his head just gently laid on her chest. Had he instead said his head was propped up on her breast we wouldn’t have the same reaction and would have felt a much less sense of connection and care for his love.

Knowing some background on an author can also change your view on their written work. Keats was dying of tuberculosis when this specific sonnet had received its final revisions. He was on his way to live out the rest of his days in Italy. Having to leave behind the love of his life, Fanny Brawne. After knowing it could be from a sad, lonely, and sickly man's point of view, it seems rather transparent why he is seeking some sort of immortal life to be spent appreciating the feel of his lady.

Keats is able to describe an intimate moment that fortunate people get to experience. Laying with someone you love, watching them breathe gently in their sleep. Time stands still and your heart beats only for them in that brief but significant moment. Without understanding the speakers deep need to feel and not just watch, we would not have been able to be reminded of that soul warming feeling. Suddenly, we understand why the speaker wants so badly to be steadfast in this specific and almost magical moment. 

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Essay on Racism

Racism has existed in mostly every civilization throughout history. It was a big part throughout America’s history and still till this day we witness it in our everyday lives. Racism in America has progressed significantly during the last decades to the point where is it not extreme but still occurs. It is embedded in old fashioned traditions throughout the country making it hard for it to end. A lot of it has ended due to integration, education, and technology. Technology has helped society become closer to each other and because of that education is created causing less ignorance. Without ignorance racism will come to an end which is a slow process but it will eventually come to an end. There are many places in America in which it hasn't fully reached causing racism to still exist today, also many families throughout America have old fashioned morals and values causing them to pass down their way of thinking down to their children, making it harder for racism to end completely. Even though racism still exist today many people try to hide the fact that it does and with technology it has gotten much harder to hide it. I personally have seen many situation of racism occur in my life. For example through social media like twitter and in person happening to my parents when they first came to this country as first generation immigrants. I believe more awareness has to be brought to racism to help speed up the process of it coming to an end.

After reading the two articles I see that racism in America is not tolerated at all but it does still occur. Roseanne Barr got her show cancelled by ABC for making a racist tweet and even though the new season to show was a hit ABC did the hesitate to cut off the actor and end the season due to racism. This is a clear representation of how racism has to be handled because it should not be tolerated at all. Bringing more awareness to racism through technology will help racism come to an end but for that people have also help it come to an end. Many people if not all have witnessed racism and prejudice in their lives and many of them do not speak out against it. My perspective on racism after reading the articles did not change but it did further show me that people are capable of putting a stop to it and educating the people that are prejudice towards one another. After reading the articles do you believe racism will ever come to an end?  

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“Art of War” by Sun Tzu

This book consists of 13 chapters, it discusses all different types of war. It’s smart book, poetic, repetitive and mysterious.

The first chapter, 'Planning”, discuss the five central factors that determine competitive position (task, weather, land, leading, and methods) and how to assess your competitive strengths against those of your competitor. This discussion ends with the thought that information in a competitive environment is set and that understanding are frequently very different from reality. This conflict between objective and subjective information is one of the essence influence points for the working of his strategic system.

The second chapter, “Waging War” explains the economic nature of rivalry. It explains how success requires making winning pay, which in turn requires limiting the price of competition and battle. This chapter is important to realize why Sun Tzu coaches 'winning without conflict.' By determination, battle is costly. Beating enemies and winning battles might sate the arrogance, but Sun Tzu considers that goal a silly one.Bottom of Form

The third chapter “Attack by Stratagem” explains the nature of power. It is significant to realize that by 'attack,' Sun Tzu seeks particularly the thought of going into a new dominion, not necessarily conflict. Theoretically, you must extend or promote your current position in order to get through. While not attacking is less expensive than attacking over the short term, there must be a change, otherwise defense will bring failure.

The fourth chapter “Tactical Disposition” shows how a commander use the enemy’s position. Your strength to defend yourself and to attack are both depend on your present location or position. To achieve what you want, you have to begin from where you are standing. You do not make gaps or chances that you require to attack because the circumstances is too big and hard to control. Alternately, you have to know how to realize chances that are made by changes in the around circumstances.

The fifth chapter “Energy” discuss the power that make all people aspire: Creativity is one of the reasons that makes the battle field complex and forecasting is hard. The person creativity is unlimited. It’s unlimited capability makes the chances for the person fortune and improvement infinite too. Yet, this imagination has to be connected to the real world. Imagination doesn’t work by itself. It has to be coupled with confirmed ways, that is, existing background, to be efficient. Together, they make what Sun called steam or force.

The sixth chapter “Weak Points and Strong” tests the 'circulatory system” of aggressive surroundings, the main technique of change. There is a balance in the world. Emptiness is loaded. Surplus is unload. Sun Tzu apply this method to show the deeper meaning of chances. The large number of properties in the surroundings can be minimize to emptiness and fullness. More significantly, people needs are all compose of emptiness, and people output is all compose of fullness. Using chances is broadly putting yourself in the surroundings to tap into the flow between them.

The seventh chapter “Maneuvering” shows the risks of direct battle. Conflict with others for resources is seductive if you don’t know the right meaning of opportunity and creativity. Yet, despite the fact that battle is better to be averted, that cannot always happen. In those circumstances, you have to know how to get the balance in your side during any conflict.

The eighth chapter “Variation in Tactics” concentrates on the desire to adapt to the circumstances you face. This chapter helps as the introduction for the following three chapters. These chapters talk about multiples of particular responses to particular circumstances. This chapter introduce the idea that each circumstance is different however that it… During the time that we should be creative and adaptable, we should also act within the rules of standard responses and not respond out of ego.

The ninth chapter “The Army on the March” explains the different circumstances in when you discover yourself moving into new aggressive field. It describes what those circumstances mean and how to act upon. Most of it concentrate on estimating the purpose of others.

The tenth chapter “Terrain” tests the three common of resistance (distance, barriers and risks). This chapter talk about a lot of details about how you should respond during conflict situations. It explains the six field situations and how they can be used to be beneficial and how they can be a reason for defeat.

The eleventh chapter “The Nine Situations” explains nine known circumstances in conflict or aggressive campaign and realizing and response needed in each. These nine situations can be largely gathered in early, middle and late situations and they can be ranged from propagation to deadly. In each one of these nine situations, there is only one and only one suitable action or response.

The twelfth chapter “The Attack by Fire” talks about surroundings attacks and appropriate responses. In the writer’s time the most deadly attack was fire attack, and in this chapter it discus how to use it and survive if been attacked. In this chapter it discuss how to not be affected by emotions in using weapons while competition.

The last chapter “The Use of Spies” discusses very important topic: gathering information. It particularly focuses on the ways and values of evolving useful information sources. It discusses specific types of resources and the way to manage them. In this chapter the writer made it clear that all wars are information wars.

I cannot limit the audience of the book to a specific people. I suggest this book for students, businessmen, anyone who wants to be a manger and leader of a team to use this old technique and implement it into our modern life. This book is effective in most of it. The only thing is not is the book is not really easy to read, and it’s very deep that it’s hard to compare to our simple life and some business jobs. Overall, it’s very good classic book to read. This book is good for our practical life if we really get into it and understand the big picture behind it and apply the lessons in situations we face in our world.

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What i Learned in Sociology Essay?

In sociology I am developing research method and data analysis skills. Research method skills are essential to anyone one beginning a new career. With research skills I can quickly and efficiently sort through information over a specific topic to determine if the information is empirical or normative. With data analysis skills I can interpret and understand the data and form accurate graphs or charts based on the information.

Amber Henderson is a Survey Statistician at the U.S. Census Bureau. She uses her skills in research methods and data analysis to choose the best research methods that are compatible with the Bureau’s survey data. I would take these skills and use them to conduct research using different methods and forming displays to accurately present the information whether in a graph, chart, or PowerPoint. Both important skills if working for a major corporation in their finances department and needing to give a report demonstrating the profit of that month.

The average entry level education needed to work as a Statistician is a master’s degree. The projected growth by 2024 for a Statistician is 34%, which is much faster than average. The 2015 median pay working as a statistician was $80,110. Working as a Statistician making $80,000 a year would be a perfect salary. I would make enough to comfortably support my family while being able to save money and not worry about unexpected expenses. A statistician’s growth potential is 34% which is well above average. I would stay in this field rather than searching for one with a higher growth potential. After earning my bachelorette degree, I will need to continue to the master’s degree level before I attain the appropriate education to work as a Statistician. Knowing that I would have to continue going to school for a master’s degree makes me want to look at other career fields.

Two other skills I have learned in Sociology is the ability to understand the sociological imagination and interpersonal skills. By understanding the sociological perspective, I can grasp a broader view of a situation, giving me the upper hand on how to go about solving a problem or improving conditions. Attaining interpersonal skills have allowed me to be more open minded to different situations or problems. Instead of blaming someone for a situation, using the interpersonal skill, I can imagine myself going through there problem and how I think the problem could be solved.s

Devin Frawley is a Social Services Assistant for Consulate Health Care. She has used her education in sociology to understand a person’s health condition and work together with the family to figure out the best means of treatment and care. Working in the health care field, it is essential for one to be able to connect with the people around you. Having someone to be able to understand what you’re going through is a big relief and from there you can coordinate for treatment and recovery. Without that extra human touch, the success rate for recoveries would drop dramatically.

The typical entry level education needed to work as a Social and Human Service Assistant is a high school diploma or equivalent. The projected growth rate by 2024 is 11%, which is considered faster than average. The 2015 median pay for working as a Social and Human Services Assistant was $30,830. The median pay out for doing this job seems kind of low, but considering you only need a high school degree or equivalent, it’s higher than expected. I would like to make more, but it is a good starting salary. I am satisfied with the 11% projected growth, but if an opportunity arose to switch careers for a high growth rate, I would take it. After earning my bachelor’s degree, I will be over qualified for the position as far as education levels go. I will not need to go back to school to continue in this career. Knowing this information has helped broaden my career field and introduced a good starting career after I graduate.

Two other important skills Sociology has taught me are interpersonal and written communication skills. Interpersonal skills are extremely important when working with others, it helps us step into the view of the person and get a better sense of what they’re going through. Interpersonal skills are also important when judging someone’s character when you’re first introduced. By understanding what another person’s view on norms and values, you can adjust your personality to match theirs for a much more pleasant communication connection. Written communication is important for any job. Being able to send out an email, write a report, fill out paper work are all basic examples of written forms of communication. By having these skills and utilizing their potential one can easily convey messages without the fear of misinterpretation.

Laura Kiehl is a Presentence Investigator. A presentence investigator uses their skills to document a criminal defendant both physically and mentally after they have been found guilty of a felony offense. Using her written communication skills, she can put together a document fully and effectively explain what kind of person the convict is, their personal history, their criminal history, education, medical, current offense, etc. Then she gives her professional recommendation on sentencing. She analyzes what kind of person they are and predict how they may act depending on the situation and sentences them accordingly. Using these skills in any job dealing with the justice system would be a fair way to gather information on numerous individuals and help with the conviction process. Being able to communicate your findings accurately could help alter the way someone’s life may turn out.

The typically entry level education required for working as an Investigator is a high school diploma or equivalent. The projected growth for this field is 5%, about average. The approximate 2015 median pay for working as an investigator was $45,610. For a job requiring no higher education the median pay is a lot higher than expect and would be a very comfortable income for myself. The projected growth rate was less than I had hoped for. At only a 5% growth rate, I would keep my eye out for another job with a faster growth rate only if it matched the current salary. After earning my bachelor’s degree, I will be overqualified based on the education requirements to be an Investigator. Considering how high the median pay is and a high school diploma is the lowest required education, I would absolutely take this job as a career after I finished my bachelor’s degree.

The Presentence Investigator intrigues me the most. The ability to sit down with individuals and step into their world for a little bit to get an understanding of who they are is the most interesting to piece together. Then taking that information and correlating it to how their family and life history has worked together to define their existence. It is completely amazing to me. This report opened my mind to new career fields that I didn’t know existed before. Understanding sociology has improved my personal life by enabling me to be more opened minded and view the world in a different light; both have contributed to my overall happiness. A major or minor in sociology would enable you a career in which you can improve either the world or one single individual’s life. Knowing that you can bettered society or a single person in some way is enough for me to want to continue improving the overall quality of life through that career field.  

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Christian Grey (personality)

Christian Grey’s character goes with Freudian concept of the Id, the ego and the superego. The Id is about the human pleasure in the world such as desire, love, sex,…etc. Christian’s Id is about the “pleasure principle” and BDSM is the kind of Christian’s desire. It is clear that every person has the id which is present from the birth and develops through the life experiences. Christian’s id works from the rules which he has mentioned in the contract. He tells very clearly to Ana that he will reward her if she behaves well and he also says that he will punish her in the playroom if she tries to defy him.

“I have rules, and I want you to comply with them. They are for your benefit and for my pleasure. If you follow these rules to my satisfaction, I shall reward you. If you don’t, I shall punish you, and you will learn,” he whispers. (FSG-100).

Christian’s id is mainly about his sexual orientation. He always tells Ana that he doesn’t do romances and all he wants is BDSM alone. He feels more pleasure only by being a dominant.

“This is the only sort of relationship I’m interested in.”

“why?”

He shrugs. “It’s the way I am.” (FSG 103)

The id knows no laws and it is not tolerated with amoral principles, so Christian’s sexual orientation about BDSM doesn’t deviate. He is not ready to change his character for anybody. Christian’s id works along with the ego persuasively and it finds all the possible means to drag Ana into the relationship. The desires of the id can be achieved only with the help of ego as the ego represents reality. Therefore, Christian convinces Ana by pouring lot of money and gifts on her that she has no other option other than ‘yes’. Ana comes to know that Christian’s sexual orientation is sadism but still she accepts to sign the bond only because she is in love with Christian but he did not know about it.

Christian’s playroom is equipped with various sexual tools even though he wanted to try out all these things on Ana, he restricts himself because Ana is very immature. Christian’s usage of only few tools on Ana shows that his ego prevents him from using it in order to keep himself safe from legal issues and criminality. So, Christian’s id is supressed by his ego whenever required.

The superego of Christian can be seen in the case of his playroom. Christian does not want anyone to know about his dark past life and his involvement in BDSM. He never allows anyone of his family members or his friends inside his playroom. His Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is one of the best examples to show how his superego works. Christian doesn’t want Ana to discuss anything about their relationship with anyone, even to Kate. THIS is because his superego knows very well that all his activities are against social norms and morals. It is his superego that controls his id remain hidden in front of others by posing himself as a successful social figure to the society. Because if his id is revealed then it will destroy his whole personality.  

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“Consider the Lobster” by David Foster Wallace

In David Foster Wallace’s article “Consider the Lobster” he is not simply trying to imply that eating all meat is unethical but rather suggested to stop, think and consider what that specific species is being put through in order to be on the plate.

In his article Wallace takes time to visit the Maine Lobster festival or (MLF) in Penobscot Bay, Maine. He goes through some basic details about this festival such as; the variety of lobster based foods, how many people were at attendance and the music artists performing. Wallace states, “Total paid attendance was over 80,000”. “concerts by Lee Ann Womack and Orleans”. “Also available are lobster roles, lobster turnovers, lobster sauté, down east lobster salad” (50). Wallace being present at the MLF shows the reader that he has a well-formed knowledge about the species of lobster as well as the overall credibility he transmits through the article, to the reader. Wallace goes into a more intense detail about the MLF. He touches on how the people attending the festival are just a bunch of hungry families and that are completely oblivious to the fact that 25,000 pounds of lobster is being boiled alive directly in front of them. Throughout the article Wallace gives a series of facts about lobsters to humanize them in a way the reader can pick up on.

Wallace begins to explain the overall history of lobsters and how there were an immense amount of them available back in the day. Wallace states,

“Up until sometime in the 1800’s though, lobster was literally a low-class food, eaten only by the poor and institutionalized. Even in the harsh penal environment of early America, some colonies had laws against feeding lobster to inmates more than once a week because it was thought to be cruel and unusual, like making people eat rats.” (55).

This shows that since Wallace is able to identify the proper history and uses of lobster in an accurate way. This bit of information also gives Wallace much more credibility for the reader to obtain.

Wallace begins to explain to the reader in a logical sense by stating the statistics of preparing a lobster as well as the central nerves in a lobster’s brain. Wallace clarifies that essentially there are no true preparations to cooking a lobster. In order for the lobster on the consumers plate to be the freshest quality, the lobster has to be alive up until about a quarter of the way through cooking. Essentially the chef takes the lobster out of a live tank (which is usually stored in the restaurant) and places it into a boiling pot of water. By Wallace explaining these ways of preparing a lobster is his way of informing the reader that these steps are the basic routine all chefs follow when preparing a lobster. By interpreting these facts, it is simple to comprehend that are no true ethical ways in the process of cooking a lobster. Wallace continues to talk to the reader in a logical sense by discussing the nervous system in a lobster. He begins to explain that lobsters can register pain and further on the parts in the lobster’s brain that make them do so. Wallace states, “Lobsters do not, on the other hand, appear to have the equipment for making or absorbing natural opioids like endorphins and enkephalins.” (63). He later goes on to explain that since mammalian nervous systems are absent lobsters become more vulnerable to pain. By obtaining this information it makes it clear to the reader that there is an absence in appreciation and value going into cooking a lobster.

Wallace communicates to the reader by using an emotional sense in his article by comparing boiling a lobster to boiling a human. He states “The lobster in other words, behaves very much as you or I would behave if we were plunged into boiling water” (62). Wallace makes this comparison to show the reader that lobsters have human like reactions when they are placed in boiling water. Wallace believes that by stating this quote that people will begin to realize it is somewhat cruel to boil a live animal alive that doesn’t deserve to witness extreme amounts of pain. Wallace also mentions that most chefs who cook lobster have to end up leaving the kitchen during the process. Most chefs cannot imagine the series of pain in suffering the lobster(s) are going through.

Later on, in the article Wallace continues to demonize the fact of cooking lobsters by creating an analogy to the world’s largest lobster cooker to a world’s largest slaughter fest at the Nebraska beef festival. Wallace states, “watching trucks pull up and the live cattle get driven down the ramp and slaughtered right there on the world’s largest killing floor or something” (62). He says this to show that most people who eat meat do not consider thinking about the meat on their plate was once alive.

Wallace is both effective with the message that he is trying to get across. However, this message can become very manipulated by the reader. For instance, some readers may pick up on that Wallace is condemning the overall enjoyment of hunting and that hunting is ethically wrong, as well as Wallace trying to come across the reader as abolishing meat consumption as a whole. However, that is not the idea of his argument. If the reader interprets the article with a simple logical reasoning it would not be difficult to interpret the writing as Wallace has put it. For example, Wallace simply states “I like to eat certain kinds of animals and want to be able to keep doing it” (64). Which literally means that the whole argument in this article is not aiming at the people who eat meat, Wallace is not intending to tell the reader not to consume meat. Wallace’s entire meaning in his article is that people do not necessarily value animals lives, people have no concern for the animals that are in pain in order to be processed for our consumption. Wallace is basically stating that people should be less selfish when it comes to consuming meat products.

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Cheating in Relationships

Some people seem to have the mistaken impression that relationships and cheating go together like peanut butter and jelly. I hate to be the one to tell you this, but if that is the way you think...you're serously buggin. Cheating is never ok, period. There is no excuse in my opinion.

So, if you are in a relationship with a cheater you might want to reconsider the relationship, especially if they are a serial cheater and have cheated more than once. I'm not saying that cheating just once is OK, it's never OK to cheat. But I will say that in a long term relationship sometimes things happen and if the cheater is truly sorry and if the cheating is actually against character for them, the two of you might be able to work things out. Of course, working through the betrayal and pain is by no means a guarantee. It will be a hard, painful and uphill battle. It will take each person to commit 100% to doing what it takes to work things through and you both have to be aware that it can come back and haunt you at any time for the rest of your relationship. If you have just started a relationship with someone and you have found out that they have cheated, you really should consider moving on.

As I said above, it's not OK to cheat but sometimes in a long term relationship a shit can happen. But if your partner is cheating already and you haven't even been together that long, what do you think will happen in the future? For the most part, the saying 'Once a cheater, always a cheater' is very true. An ongoing pattern of infidelity indicates some very severe character flaws and unless those core flaws are addressed and changed the pattern will continue. Is that the type of relationship you really want? If you've heard stories that the new person you've just started dating cheated on their ex, you may want to pay attention. You really should get to know them yourself and not buy into idle gossip, on the other hand, you don't need to completely ignore it either. Keep your eyes open and don't ignore the warning signs, you may live to regret it.

When it comes right down to it, being faithful indicates someone who has a high level of maturity. For anyone who has been in a long term relationship, you know that you can get tempted over the years. It's not always easy to say no to yourself. That is the difference between maturity and selfishness. Between honor and dishonor. Despite what some people may think, relationships and cheating do not go together. Don't subject yourself to a lifetime of hurt, anger and resentment. If you are involved with a cheater decide the best course of action. If the relationship is new, you may want to move on. If the relationship has been going on for a long while and the cheating was a one time occurrence than you may be able to work it out, give it a try.

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Brainology

Life is full of choices. Everyday, we make simple choices without giving them a second thought; “What should I wear today” or “What should I have for dinner?” However, some of the choices we make affect more than just a single day. Our success in life can depend on them. In Carol Dweck’s 2008 article titled “Brainology,” she lays out two types of mindsets, and states that what mindset one has is a choice that they make and is critical to one’s success. The first is a fixed mindset, which is when a person believes they only have a certain amount of intelligence, and that they cannot exceed that intelligence. On the opposite end of the spectrum is a growth mindset, when a person believes that intelligence is not fixed, and through effort and education, anything is possible. My past experiences, specifically in my math classes in high school, had given me a fixed mindset, as evidenced by me eventually dropping out and getting into a profession that I was naturally able to excel in. However, after years of feeling stuck with no forward progression in sight, I have chosen to adopt a growth mindset, which is why I was able to re-enroll in school, earn my high school diploma, and am now working towards becoming a Master Mechanic.

First and foremost, I have always struggled in school. I can immediately think of two reasons for this – lack of support from others and the mindset I had when it came to my scholastics. Growing up, I didn’t receive support or have someone to believe in me. This contributed to having a fixed mindset. If I wasn’t able to pick up quickly on a topic, especially math, I gave up. I didn’t ask for help because I believed that was viewed as a sign of weakness. One topic I struggled in particular with is fractions. Finding common denominators and flipping fractions in order to divide just never made sense. I distinctly remember my 10th grade Algebra class. We had a test solely dedicated to fractions. I thought that I had the material down and was feeling confident that I had passed. However, when I got the test back, I had failed. I felt so embarrassed and discouraged. After that, I simply stopped going to class. That negativity, and ignorance, led me down a path of indifference. Rather than being comfortable with failing and overcoming challenges, I dropped out of school in the 11th grade.

After dropping out of school, I believed that school just wasn’t for me, and instead I started to work various security jobs. I knew I was good with my hands, and have always thought of myself as a protector, plus it didn’t require any previous education. The work just came naturally to me. I started working as a bouncer for a bar, and then ended up working with inmates on McNeil Island for DSHS. It was a state job so it had great benefits and pay. Still, in the back of my mind, I knew I wanted to do more with my life, but couldn’t find the motivation and lived with a sense of fear; the fear of failing and not being good enough. As Dweck explains in her article, “a fixed mindset makes challenges threatening for students…and it makes mistakes and failures demoralizing.” If I wasn’t able to pick up what I was studying when I was younger, what would be different the older I got? I had found something that I excelled in without putting in much effort. I thought that some people were just naturally good at school, and I wasn’t one of those people. Little did I know there was more to it than that.

Subsequently, as I got older, I realized I wouldn’t be able to work security for the rest of my life; so I started to change my attitude. I have always wanted a career where I could work on cars, but the first step to doing that was to get my high school diploma, and then enroll in college, which is exactly what I did. After working for DSHS for nearly 10 years, I came to a crossroads. I found myself unemployed and stuck. As I searched for new jobs, I found I was qualified for nearly every one based solely on my experience. However, experience wasn’t enough anymore. Many of the basic requirements included at least a high school diploma or GED. I also knew that if I was going to go back to school, I wanted to go down a path I was passionate about. I began to weigh my options. I knew I wanted to specialize in a trade. I bounced around between Welding and Electrician for a while. However, when it came down to it, I knew I really wanted to work on cars. It had always been a passion and a hobby of mine growing up. Still, I was nervous to go back to school. I didn’t want to feel the shame and embarrassment that I felt all those years ago. HBrainologyowever, I put my doubts aside and re-enrolled in school.

Because of the choice I made to stop living in fear and start working towards what I want, I have developed a growth mindset. I am the first out of five siblings to get my high school diploma and attend college, all because I stepped out of my comfort zone and began consciously working towards my end goal, which is a career as a Master Mechanic. I now think about things in a different way than before. “Brainology” states that those with a growth mindset carry “the idea that the harder you work, the more your ability will grow and that even geniuses have had to work hard for their accomplishments.” Asking for help or clarification when I don’t understand something doesn’t make me unintelligent, and might be uncomfortable, but is imperative to my success. This is especially true for the Technical Math class I’m currently enrolled in.

As I mentioned previously, math has never been my strong suit. One of the prerequisites for the automotive program is Technical Math. While math was the class I was dreading the most, I have approached the material in a different way than I did in high school. Instead of giving up and just not completing assignments when I didn’t understand something, I have utilized the book and taken the time to read over and practice the material. Fractions were one of the topics I struggled the most with, and guess what the second homework assignment was on? Before I started the actual homework, I did nearly 50 practice questions. It took almost two hours to finish all of them. However, when I did the homework that counted towards my grade, I received a 100%. I can attribute this to the fact that I took something I always thought I wasn’t good at, put in effort, studied, referenced back to the book when I needed to, and ended up being able to master fractions. My actions are a prime example of how my mindset has changed.

I can blame many things on why I had a fixed mindset in the past. I thought that I couldn’t succeed in school because I couldn’t naturally grasp the material. However, through changing my attitude and my effort, I have developed a growth mindset. I know that by continuing to work hard, I can improve my abilities and gain intelligence. I gave up easily and didn’t have anyone to positively influence me to realize my potential, and when I found something that was like second-nature to me, that’s the path I took. Nevertheless, I knew that I wanted more out of life, and decided to challenge my beliefs about my intelligence. I can confidently say I know that as long as I keep consciously trying, and not be afraid to face any challenges thrown my way, I can continue to grow. Anything is possible. 

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Benefits of Reading Books

Have you wondered- why sometimes, that you are so addicted to the internet, you don’t look at the world around you? Well, imagine that your mom is shouting at you to to experience the world and you rather sit all day in front of the television. Maybe, you don’t really like going outside, but there is a solution- Books. Books let you experience the world by reading them, and most importantly, they help you to be a better person in life. Books help people for their future, as well as their life.

To begin, books help us to understand other people’s emotions and how they feel about different issues. According to Newsela, on a recent survey, a team of scientists from Italy lead by Loris Vezzali asked 34 children how they feel about immigrants. A child said “People don’t really appreciate immigrants coming to the country they live in.” This shows that the child included herself in the side of not liking immigrants. Another child stated that “People rarely appreciate immigrants in our country, but it is a problem that it is not always the case.” The scientists split the children into two groups where one group read a part from the Harry Potter series where someone is being mistreated and other read the other parts where people were being treated fairly. This helped the children look in different point of view. The child who showed she didn’t like immigrants liked them even more. The other child felt the same. Even though, the scientists were not surprised This proves that, children can look in different point of views with magical creatures that doesn’t exist in the world. Also, it has helped them grow into a better person. This one of the ways books help people.

“Yawn..Yawn.” Are you sleepy? Well, it just seems like you read a book. According to Mayo Clinic, reading before bed signals you that it is time to ‘go to sleep. E-books and electronic device can keep you awake longer and can hurt your sleep. 54% of kids sleep near a small screen. Well, I bet you are relaxed because research proves reading can be stress reliever. A 2009 study by Sussex proves stress decreases by 68%. “It really doesn’t matter what book you read, by losing yourself in a thoroughly engrossing book you can escape from the worries and stresses of the everyday world and spend a while exploring the domain of the author’s imagination,” cognitive neuropsychologist David Lewis? told The Telegraph. Oh! This is a big evidence that, books can be stress reliever. This is my other reason that proves my claim.

As Dr.Seuss has once said, “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you'll go”, if you read books it definitely going to increases your knowledge. It gives your brain a workout just like a jog does for your cardiovascular system. Did you know, according to Neutrology, it keeps brain sharper for longer? Frequent brain activities lowered mental health by 32%. As Honoré de Balzac has said, “Reading brings us unknown friends” proves that people can be more empathetic to each other. Alzheimer- a word we all know(I hope) is a disease causing memory loss. Books help fight the Alzheimer disease because we are giving our brain a workout. People engaged in puzzles, chess, or reading books, less likely would develop the Alzheimer disease. 2.5 times less to develop the disease. This is also one of my reasons why reading helps people.

To conclude, these are my reasons books help people. They are useful for increasing intelligence, making you more empathetic, boosting your brain power, fighting Alzheimer disease and there are thousands of more reasons that will fill your brain! Hey, really- reading books sometimes could even save your life at hard situations. So, the more you read, there is more chance of getting a good future-and increasing your knowledge.

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Film ‘Avatar’ (Analysis, Themes)

In this exuberant alien planet called Pandora remained the Na’vi tribes who have evolved tremendously. Due to the poisonous atmosphere, the humans also known as avatars must empty their brain to enter this world to roam. Jake Sully, a paralyzed Marine, becomes able to walk again in the Pandora falls in love with a Na’vian woman, and as their bond began to grow more powerful they fall in love, Jake will help fight for the Pandora. Avatar directed by James Cameron and released on December 18, 2009. There are many developing themes in this film such as the environmental demolition because of the greediness and the superiority of men, one’s individual power due to the development of one’s self throughout the film, and falling in love no matter the cost. The themes expressed through the use of camera angles particularly low and high, the imagery of the entire film with the contrast between dark and light colors, and the deep meaning in the dialogue that brings out one’s true worth. James Cameron is a Canadian filmmaker and famous for Avatar, Titanic, and Terminator as well. He specializes in the genre of science fiction and uses special effects that create a magical image in our minds that will help us be creative. This helps brings life to the film and also to the audience as well to capture a big picture. Going through these themes and we will see how James Cameron develop the film to bring it to life and to create depth and meaning to the film as a whole.

In the film Avatar from the mere beginning and building up to the end many men were trying to destroy the environment to create more of an industrialized society. Throughout the film, you notice the domination of men over the Na'vi tribe through the use of many cameras angles particularly high and low. For instance, from the beginning on in the film when the Resources Development Administration are introduced and their reappearances the filmmaker uses low camera angles to make them appear intimidating and superior to others. Toward the end of the film when the Na’vi people were looking up to the gunships in despair as they came to destroy the Hometree truly showed the RDA had the power to achieve what they wanted and would kill whoever was in their path. On the flipside, looking down at the Na’vi tribes they looked feeble and incapable in comparison to the humans who looked preeminent and robust. Using this high camera angle has the effect of making the Na’vi people look weak with just their bow and arrows and also this creates a mood and emotion to have pity for this tribe.

Another low angle shot was when the Hometree buckled in the result of the bombing by the human race. During this scene, this shot created depth and provoked emotion because the Na’vi people’s whole life and their past were all in this one tree. It symbolized the passing away of someone you truly love and adore and it came with the heartache of losing them when you least expected it. When Jake and Grace were in the mechanical contraption that they had to use to enter into the Pandora there were many occasions where they showed them at peace. They had a peaceful ambiance and you could see their eyes rapidly moving as you would see in your REM sleep cycle. This showed the vulnerability of their physical state when they enter this foreign planet. This is also when the RDA can come and destroy any scientific information that is beneficial to the experimental process.

James Cameron’s ideas are relevant to today's society in the fact that greed and dominance have its ramifications for the Na’vi tribe and the human race as well. The humans did not know the true value in the tree, and all they focused on was the resources in the soil that were worth a lot of money. Their ultimate goal was to make money by using money that was used to help keep the program going. This connects to mankind today and the way we act towards inferior races. Cameron’s ideas shown through the various shot can depict the conflict between America and Iraq. The low angle shots representing the Iraq people and the high angle shots representing the American people. Dominance helped create a more relatable and more relevant effect to the movie so that the audience could connect to it.

Knowing one’s individual self worth was a very important factor the affected the movie tremendously through the dialogue. Near the beginning of this film Jake was compliant to the RDA and Colonel Quaritch because they began to threaten him and the experiment.This made Jake look like he is small and he has no power in this experimental trial program.    

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All about the Butterfly

“Butterflies are nature's angels. They remind us what a gift it is to be alive.” Said by Robyn Nola. Did you know that worldwide, there are approximately 28,000 species. Although butterflies are beautiful to the eye, they do much more than just fly and look pretty. The very insect that you might see in your very own backyard with its large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight actually helps us humans.While butterflies are not harmful but they are considered as pests by farmers because their caterpillars harm the crops and vegetation, butterflies are important because butterflies are an indicator of a healthy environment and healthy ecosystems and like bees and other pollinators, butterflies pick up pollen while they sip a flower's nectar once they're off to another plant, the pollen goes with them, helping to pollinate the plant species about one third of the food people eat depends on the work of pollinators such as butterflies. With also being able to help you and your health.

Butterflies are considered harmful because, to farmers and local growers, they are pests. Their caterpillars harm the crops and vegetation. Like the “cabbage white” butterfly caterpillars feed on radish, cauliflower and mustard plants. Similarly “lime swallow” or “swallowtail” is a pest to lime and orange grooves. For example, the monarch butterfly is a beautiful flying insect with its large scaly wings. The bright colors on its body are so clearly visible that we feel they can easily attract the predators, but in contrast, this color helps the predators to tell the difference between the Monarchs from the other butterflies. But according to a website called Learn about Nature, who have a lot of information on Monarch butterflies state that it is not just because of their lovely appearance, but “too toxic and poisonous”, which is why predators avoid eating Monarchs. Studies say, the foul taste of Monarch keeps the predators away and the bright color is a warning to the predators about the poisonous characteristic of Monarchs. It is a common poisonous butterfly which eats poisonous milkweed in their larval stage. However that is not truly everything about butterflies.

In an article called Why butterflies are beneficial to the environment by the South Australian Department for Environmental and water, they state that “There’s more to butterflies than meets the eye.” They are attracted to bright flowers and need to feed on nectar. When they do this their bodies collect pollen and carry it to other plants. This helps fruits, vegetables and flowers to produce new seeds. The majority of plants need pollinators like bees and butterflies to reproduce. This is just one way they help our environment. Another important and significant factor that butterflies do is that they are an indicator of a healthy environment. Unfortunately for butterflies they are a very low member of the food chain. They’re a food source for birds, spiders, lizards, mice and other animals. Caterpillars are also eaten by bats, birds and other animals. With that being said, if butterfly populations diminish, the impact is felt higher up and can affect the entire ecosystem.

To continue on why butterflies help us figure out whether or not our ecosystem is stable, an article written by Robert Korpella was published by Sciencing about What do Butterflies do for the Environment has all the answers. According to Korpella, “Scientists use the presence or absence of butterflies as a predictor of whether an ecosystem is healthy.” This is because adult and larval forms are sensitive to pesticides. Changes in climate will impact butterflies because temperature changes and rainfall amounts may change migration patterns and the timing of when they are originally supposed to leave. Even their loss or fracture of habitat is at high risk. For example, losing chunks of cover as a result of construction or defoliation, increases predation, and also affects migration. Ecologists study butterfly behavior, their population numbers and migration patterns to help determine how much or little they may be impactacted because of these problematic environmental issues.

Interesting enough did you know that butterflies contribute to our health value? According to The Butterfly Conservation and their article on Why Butterflies Matter they explain how butterflies can actually help us humans and our health. Of course people everywhere around the world enjoy seeing butterflies both around their homes and in the countryside. So with that being said, over 10,000 people record butterflies UK alone, which involves being able to get outside and walk a generous amount of distances. Over 850 sites are watched over each week in the UK and collectively volunteers have walked the same amount of distance to the moon just by trying to count butterflies. “Several hundreds of thousands of people garden for wildlife in the UK, many of them specifically for butterflies and moths.”

Last but certainly not least, we need to learn how to protect them. Thanks to Lauren Kearney, she wrote an article called “How the Butterfly Can Shape an Ecosystem and Why We Need to Protect Them.” published by One Green Planet. This article talks about Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717), a German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator and one of the first European naturalists to observe insects directly. She combined her passion for art and the natural world to paint beautiful pictures of flowers, plants and later, insects. At that time, insects were thought of as “beasts of the devil.” But of course, thanks to her vivid illustrations of their life cycles, Merian reformed the scientific study of insects. At just thirteen years old, she began collecting insects and used them for research. One of her first observations was a silkworm metamorphosis. Her findings were reflected in her paintings, and her detailed drawings showed how insects can change from little worms into beautiful winged creatures. This finding did not agree with the established theory that insects were “made of mud,” it longed changed how people saw the butterfly and also the very many other insects. The work that Merian did to change the public view of the butterfly has acted as the pavement for our current studies of these beautiful insects called butterflies. Back to Lauren Kearney, she states that we should never capture a butterfly because if you remove a member of an already struggling species, “you are taking a part in the uphill battle they must fight for survival.” We must do more than admire their beauty. We must protect them.

Even though butterflies are harmful and considered as pests by farmers because their caterpillars harm the crops and vegetation, butterflies are an indicator of a healthy environment and healthy ecosystems. The majority of plants need pollinators like bees and butterflies to reproduce. This is just one way they help our environment. If butterfly populations diminish, the impact is felt higher up and can affect the entire ecosystem. Unfortunately for butterflies they are a very low member of the food chain. They’re a food source for birds, spiders, lizards, mice and other animals. Caterpillars are also eaten by bats, birds and other animals. With that being said, if butterfly populations diminish, the impact is felt higher up and can affect the entire ecosystem. Changes in climate will impact butterflies because temperature changes and rainfall amounts may change migration patterns and the timing of when they are originally supposed to leave. Even their loss or fracture of habitat is at high risk. Butterflies can actually help us humans and our health. Since people record butterflies, it involves them being able to get outside and walk a generous amount of distances. But the most important thing is that we have to do more than just look at how pretty they are. We have to protect them and their habitats. 

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Gender Inequality: a Rant

It is the 21st century and gender inequality is still a topic we are talking about today. Gender inequality has been around for many years. It affects people's availability to an education, being limited to just their gender. It affects women’s ability to get a job. And when they get that job their ability to have equal pay. This inequality can and does affect the amount women are paying for the same products as men but aimed at women. But gender inequality does not affect just women it affects men too. One of the reasons people think gender inequality is okay is because of influential people treating one sex lesser. There are many movements today that have tried to stop inequality and make men and women more equal. And there are other solutions to help combat this problem. The problem being that gender inequality is still affecting society today, in more ways than one.

History of Sexism/feminism

For as long as most people can remember, men and women have not been equal. Since the 19th century women have been running the household by making clothes and cooking food. Once household items were on the market to buy, women’s jobs in the household became literally less valuable(C). Men’s philosophy of women during this time didn’t help with the inequality experienced. Women were possessions to their husbands, having to listen and agree with everything they said. Since women were uneducated their opinion automatically didn't matter(A). Change began in 1848 when women gathered at the Seneca Falls Convention, which “stated the injustices suffered by women”, like the denial to vote, women forced to give control of their property to their husband when they married, women being excluded from professions and the control men had over them. When the Civil War began, women took over their husband’s jobs. Suffragist movement pushed for a change in the government leading to the passing of the 19th amendment. This provided women with equal voting rights(A). Also pushing for the equal rights amendment (ERA), which was passed in 1972(B).

Limitations on Education

Education is something everyone should be entitled to, but very few people actually receive. In developing countries, education for women is quite low(A). 31 million girls of the elementary school age don’t attend schools and 17 million of these girls will never go to school in their lifetime. Even in the United States getting into elite colleges is harder for women. The US Department of Education Data found that 11% of men verses 7% of women were accepted to Brown University in 2014(B). Additionally, when people are educated they are less likely to end up in poverty. In, 2007 14% of women were in poverty versus 11% of men. Not to mention, girls are underestimated in schools. From the moment girls enter schools they are instilled to believe that they are less talented than their male peers(C).The only way to increase the level of education is to eliminate gender inequality.

Women in the workforce (jobs)

In a study, the most valued trait for women was attractiveness at 35%, followed by nurturing/empathy at 30% and ambition/leadership at 9%. The most valued trait for men was honesty/morality at 33%, 23% voting for professional/financial success and last being ambition/leadership 19%. Bonus fact being 28% of respondents volunteered that assertiveness, ambition and leadership are trails that women should not have. This shows our society’s feeling of women’s physical appearance(B). 1 in 4 women have been warned about their appearance at work. Whether is was wearing too much makeup or skirt length, you never hear about men being warned about their clothing. Last year in London Nicola Thorp, a receptionist, was fired for refusing to wear heels to her office job. She said “If you can give me a reason as to why wearing flats would impair me to do my job today, then fair enough” but they couldn’t. When Hillary Clinton ran for president, it wasn't uncommon to hear media talking about her matching pantsuit or what designer she wore(C). Women face double standards like, people in power should be assertive and ambitious but often women are criticized for acting this way. Politics is a great example of where this can be seen. There are fewer republican women senators than men named John in the Senate, and even fewer women on the democratic side. “Johns” represent 3.3% of the male population and women representing 50.8% of the total population(A).

Pay gap-financial

The gender pay gap is a real thing. Women make 78% of what men make working at the same job. 78 cents for every 1 dollar(A). Some of the factors that create this pay gap are working mothers, access to education, age, state you live in, race/ethnicity and pay discrimination. If women were paid what men were paid, women would gain billions in earnings yearly(B). The pay gap doesn't affect all women but it does affect almost 60% of women. A way to lower the pay gap is to give paid leave to new mothers. The US is the only industrialized country without paid leave for mothers. Student mothers working towards a degree, have to take off from school and it takes longer for them to get their postsecondary degree(C).

Pink tax & products made for each sex

You may have seen the purple and pink packaging with the floral and fruity scents compared to the blue, grey and red packaging with the muskier scents on the same type of products. The difference is not only in the color of the packaging or scent of the product, it's also in the price(B). “Price discrimination adds another layer to the wage inequality women face, making it harder sometimes for women to make ends meet” says the CEO of the Women’s Foundation of California, Surina Khan(A). The pink tax (not actually a tax) also called gender-based pricing, “is an upcharge on products traditionally intended for women which have only cosmetic differences from comparable products traditionally intended for men”. The same brand, same number of refills for razors, the ones in the purple packaging cost $18.49 while the ones in the blue cost $14.99. These products do the exact same thing, why does one cost more(B)? “Retailers see women as their biggest target,” said Potrikus, the CEO of the Retail Council of New York State(A).

Men & Development

“While 49% of women think gender bias is alive and well today, only 28% of men agree”(A). Men are affected by gender inequality too. Men are supposed to be strong, not cry, protect the household, provide for family, be confident, be aggressive and competitive. This leads to extra stress, excessive drinking, smoking, substance abuse and more risks such as violence. And yet men don’t seek help because gender stereotypes discourage men from asking for help(B).

He for She Campaign & other movements (MeToo)

There are tons of gender equality campaign and movements all over the world. Some of the most talked about are the He for She campaign, the MeToo movement and the Women’s March. The He for She campaign was initiated by United Nations Women. Their goal is to teach both men and women about gender inequality and make a more gender equal world(A). The MeToo movement helps connect survivors of sexual violence. They provide services and safe spaces through local and national organization(B). The Women’s March is a women-led movement providing education on a diverse range of topics. They are committed to stopping oppression through nonviolent resistance and creating all inclusive buildings. There principles include ending violence, environmental justice, reproductive, LGBTQIA, worker’s, civil, disability and immigrants rights. “We believe that Women’s Rights are Human Rights and Human Rights are Women’s Rights”(C).

Solutions

Many solutions have surfaced to combat gender inequality. These solutions could include but are not limited to the following. First of these solutions include educating managers on how to be fair to all workers regardless of gender. Most managers don't realize they are treating/talking to women differently than men. Secondly would be to consider creating pay transparency. This would help eliminate gender pay gaps and help achieve a salary balance(B). Thirdly we could create high-quality daycare options that would allow moms and dads to work outside the home and not be in fear that their children's well-being and finances are at risk. Fourthly reduce parents from forcing traditional gender roles and reduce gender stereotyping in news and media. Fifth would be to open up to the public about the reasons, extent and consequences of rape, pornography, sexual assault and harassment. As well as increasing services, like rape-crisis centers, for girls and women who have been raped or sexually assaulted(A). 

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Music Will Heal the World

Everybody goes through that hard time where you feel as if nothing can make it better. But throughout life I have experienced one thing that can make my day a bit brighter, and that’s music. With every heartache or stressful time, I’ve always turned to songs to express as to what I can’t even be able to express. There is just something about a melody, lyrics or a tune that can calm even my craziest of emotions. I know that with music it can help with being able to set the mood, relax, to just be able to think and to just deal with any sort of problem. I believe music makes you feel a feeling, and a song makes you feel a mood and words make you think. So today I will convince the slightest of doubt as to why music can heal anybody’s troubled soul.

I believe that music can do many things to help a person have a relaxing day. Music would always help me relax whether I was really tired from school or just having a stressful day. There was a saying that songs with a light melody are recommended to help concentrate in trying to read or study. When I listen to soft music it helps me on my homework, study and read. At first I found it kind of hard to read and listen to music at the same time but after a few time with music in the background, it didn't really bother me it actually helped me concentrate better than before.

It’s know that music can help with settling your mood. Mood can drastically change before you know it and I feel that music can help change a person's mood for the better. One time I remember I was so mad, so I decided to listen to a random song on my phone and it drastically changed my mood. It actually got all the anger out of me. It didn’t just work because it was just a song, but it was one of those songs where their lyrics connected with my feelings and it made me somehow connected. Whenever I had felt stressed, I would always listen to Bruno Mars. His songs to me have powerful words and powerful meanings that helped me feel better and help me come back to reality. When I’m sad, I would listen to sad songs with lyrics that would show reasons as to why I was sad, but then I would change it up to something more upbeat and it would get me out of my funk right away. I believe that music would get those feelings out of me. Something I don’t do it very often. Music to me is a language than speaks louder to me than anything.

Whenever I have too many things in my head music was always able to make me forget all the things scattering around in my head. It would help me make sense of reality. There were times where I find myself thinking more when I’m listening to music than when I was not. Music to me was like my own personal therapy. Music would help me think clearly and help me understand what I have to do and what else needs to get done. Music to me can heal.

I believe that music not only helps us on our daily life problems, but it also helps us deal with the struggle. I know music can heal. Once it heals nothing is ever really impossible. Music was and always be apart of my life as it should to yours. Whether it was just there to help me set the mood, relax, to just be able to think or to just deal with any sort of problem. It has helped me overcome many problems in my life. To me music has made me stronger and become a better person. And I know it can help you too, just like it helped me. 

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Competitive Swimming

In hopefully my last paper, I will be talking about swimming. Until about a year and a half ago, I had been swimming for about eight years. In those eight years I accomplished a lot and also became better at everything athletically. Swimming is all about technique and practice.

When I heard about swimming I just thought about messing around in the pool and going back and forth leisurely. But then I went to my first practice and the rest is history. When I was little, I just remember being so good at it. I never really had to try that hard and I was always the anchor in all of my relays. Swimming was a big social thing for me. I met a lot of other swimmers from other towns and made fast friends.

Swimming is full of technique. Even if you are strong you still might not get across the pool very fast. Your arms need to pull at the right time and your legs need to kick constantly. You need to know when the right time to breathe is and actually work on your breathing. The goal that every swimmer has is to breathe as little as possible. When you take a breath you are slowing your rhythm down and breaking your pattern. When you get to the other side of the pool and you are doing more than a twenty-five you need to make sure your flip turn is as quick and powerful as possible. Most people think that swimming is such an easy sport but, it is not.

When you are swimming you are using all of your muscles, you are kicking and pulling. It is also a proven fact that swimming burns more calories than running or biking. When you swim hard for an hour you burn about 780 calories but for running it is about 550. You get a full body workout ,and you aren’t doing as much damage to your knees ankles or other parts of your body that is more prone to injury from running.

I feel like I really liked swimming because not a lot of people in Denison were very good at it and I was. I was known for being the little kid that other teams were scared of. I went so far that I won state. Swimming really shaped my life and helped me become the athlete that I am today. Without swimming I would not have been as strong or in shape as I am now.

After school, I would go every day to do at least an hour or two of practice with lots of tools that would hopefully advance me. I would have to say using a parachute in the water is probably the worst anyone could ever swim with. It makes you have to pull and kick so much harder just to get across the pool.

In conclusion, I would have to say my swimming past was the most important part of my life. It helped me through a lot of my issues and just helped me with my physical training. I would recommend swimming to anyone that wants a hard workout without damaging joints or any other vidal parts that running or biking do to your body. It is just a great sport and I actually sometimes miss it. I miss having a commitment to a sport like that. But, it is a fantastic sport and I would not change my childhood sport for anything. 

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“The Author to her Book” by Anne Bradstreet

In this research paper, I chose to write about Anne Bradstreet. She is one of the American poets. She was born on March 20, 1612, in Northampton, the United Kingdom, and died September 16, 1672, North Andover, MA. She was the first person in America to have a large volume of poems published. She was among the group of early English settlers in Massachusetts in the 1630s. She was the former Assistant Professor of English at Wheaton College, Norton, Massachusetts. She was one of the American most distinguished poets with a renaissance literary style that she encountered in her native England; the other was a strict Puritan upbringing that would be the controlling factor of her life in the colonies. Both of these influences put a strong emphasis on order and a hierarchical structure. Bradstreet was unable to accept either of these influences completely, but she did manage to combine them in order to create some of the most interesting and memorable poetry of her time.

More to that, the conflict that she faces is evident in her more formal writing through her use of voices and argumentation. Her later, more domestic poetry reveals an attempt to express her own voice and doubts about the Puritan faith, particularly its doctrine concerning the dangers of becoming attached to earthly things. One of the distinguishing characteristics of Puritanism is its strong emphasis on rules and order, particularly God's order. However, it seems that Anne Bradstreet's place in God's order was difficult for her to determine, as evidenced through her continuing struggle for a strong conviction of her faith. Although she was privileged in her New England community, Puritan doctrine and culture placed her -as a female- near the bottom of the hierarchy of the community of Saints. Bradstreet struggled with the conflict between her own emotions and the Puritan doctrine for most of her life, and this conflict can be seen clearly in her writing.

I think the future class will gain a lot from Anne Bradstreet poem because her work has been translated into many languages and is considered for it particularly significant of its expression of passion, anger, and uncertainty within the rigid social and religious atmosphere of Puritan New England, and for the insight, it provides into the lives of women from that period. Anne Bradstreet's poetry and prose are accessible to anyone. That is, her poetry is easy to read and understand. This is why I will encourage her work for the future class because her literary works have a lot of messages like the life of people during the early times of American history.

Moreover, “The Author to Her Book” is a poem that deals with the question of authorial agency, and the amount of control that an author has over his or her writing. Bradstreet clearly has a strong attachment to her work, so much that she refers to it as a child to which she gave birth to. In the opening line, she refers to the book as 'thou ill-formed offspring of my feeble brain. The poem is one of Bradstreet’s most widely studied and analyzed poems. The entire poem is an allegory filled with metaphors about a mother’s creation of the essence of her child. for example, she said:

My rambling brat should mother call,

I cast thee by as one unfit for light,

The visage was so irksome in my sight

Yet being my own, at length affection would

They blemish amend if so, I could (Bradstreet).

In this passage, she thinks that her book may not be good enough for reading, because there are still many flaws in it. These words came from her mind, she understands the faults are also with her writing, and she would fix them if she could. However, this can be viewed as a metaphor for a mother-child relationship. The mother’s very talkative and opinionated child may not be taken lightly out in the real world. The child is frustrating to look at and accept because he or she is the spitting image of herself. The personality flaws they possess were handed down to them by her and therefore cannot be reversed. Another example is seen when Bradstreet writes, “If for thy father asked, say though hadst none and for the mother, she alas is poor Which caused her thus to send thee out the door” (Bradstreet). I think she means that this book does not have, nor does it need another author. She created it on her own. But she needed money, which is why she wrote the book, and why she is trying to sell it Alternatively, this mother-child metaphor could also mean that if the child is asked where her father is, she should respond that they are not in the picture. But because her mother is so poor, she was sent out into the world to make money for the family, as often was the case in the seventeenth century.

In addition, Anne Bradstreet’s poetry is what captivated her audience and allowed her to become the female poetic influence and these have set her aside from other literary writers. She had to compete with men in and Puritan society that she grappled with full understanding. Once she started writing about her family and about other religious concepts, her poetry made a lot of imparting. All Through ‘The Author to Her Book’, Bradstreet compares the writing of her book to motherhood: her book is her ‘offspring’ to which she gave ‘birth’; she refers to herself as ‘thy mother’. She is reminding us that she is a woman, true, but she is also slotting herself into an established tradition of male writers who had likened poetic creation to siring a child. Like any protective mother, she wishes to keep it close and does not want it released into the world until it is strong enough, or perhaps even at all. Her struggle to maintain agency over the book shows when she claims it was 'snatched from thence by friends, less wise than true, who thee abroad exposed to public view.' This is believed to refer, as previously mentioned, to the fact that Bradstreet's brother-in-law took the book with him to England in 1650 and had it published. These lines suggest that Woolridge acted against Bradstreet's wishes; they also reflect the scrutiny that women authors faced during this period when they were expected to parrot the opinions of men rather than express their own. Many of Bradstreet's poems are intimate verses about her marriage, as well as reflections on religion and spirituality.

The poem also explores the idea of art for the sake of utility versus entertainment. Bradstreet might have written for her own amusement and for that of close family and friends, but in the poem's final lines, she declares, 'And for thy Mother, she alas is poor, Which caused her thus to send thee out of the door. She used her passion for writing poetry to help her cope with the unfamiliar environment as well as her views of Puritanism (Martin). Bradstreet’s literary devices stand out in her poetry from this era and reflect her emotional connection and expression of life in the new world. With any writer or poet, the product will develop more depth over a period of time because of practice, experience, competition, or additional learning of the craft. While trying to make her mark in the realm of poetry in a man’s world, Bradstreet had to make sure her poems stood out amongst the crowd.

In conclusion, the major literary movement that Anne Bradstreet fit in is the American Romanticism movement. American Romanticism is also known as the American Renaissance. This was the first literary movement in the United State. It was the literary movement that was prevalent that period when Anne Bradstreet was writing her poems. Her technique, content, and form of writing greatly impacted the American Romanticism movement. Her work involves the use of imagery, the questioning of the meaning of life, and nature. This is what made her work different from other writers. Over the years, her work has been praised for issues such as nature and religion. 

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What Makes a Good Movie?

What do I look for in a good movie? I think it depends entirely on the director. What makes a movie great is quite subjective but a good movie does have certain characteristics. Every element of a good movie like the screenplay, the narrative structure, the chronology and those subtle things that are well crafted. A good movie gives me the sense of satisfaction, happiness and takes me to a different place.

In my opinion, characters are one of the most important parts of any movie. The role in which they partake is what makes the movie interested, and if I’m going to devote two hours of my time to a movie it better be worth the time and effort. When I watch a movie I need to like the characters I’m seeing. I believe that the character and role that an actor betray is what brings the movie alive, and the more realistic the character seems, the better the story.

I've seen countless movies with openings that have you thinking that the rest of the movie is going to be worth watching. In some cases, b.y the time you get to the middle or the end of some movies they are ruined because the director exhausted a scene by putting too much effort into making sense of the story. The movie itself was probably great for the most part, but by the time I get to the end of the movie ending didn’t make any sense or the outcome was not what I expected.

A great example of this is the ending to “Gran Torino”, it ended on such a downer. Clint Eastwood's Character ‘Walt Kowalski’ alienated from his sons, He faces the changes of life and endures a strange relationship with a foreign family and their foreign ways. He realizes that they are a fatherless, multigenerational family with a teenage son who struggles to steer clear of the local gangbangers pressuring him to join them.

Throughout the movie, Walt becomes attached to the family and young teen son and does the things he missed doing with his own son. He starts to adapt to the ways of the new generation and a family that unnoticeably helps him find peace within himself, but as the movie progresses, you think it will end on a note of happily ever after but, Clint Eastwood's character is killed, he sacrificed his own life for the likes of the family he became attached too. There were some unanswered questions! But the ending worked because it matched the rest of the film.

The ending of Gran Torino didn't drag out for very long, unlike some movies. Most movies with endings that drag out causes me to fatigue and/or lose the message in which it tries to deliver and the message is the whole point of making the movie!

My standards of a great movie depends on the genre or the type of message I look for as a movie viewer. This is mostly on the basis that the term itself is subjective and that my idea of greatness often clashes with the opinion of another viewer. Two people may find one movie to be great but often come to their own conclusions as to why they deem it so.

In my opinion, Gran Torino was a great movie! I believe Clint Eastwood’s character ‘Walt Kowalski’, demonstrated how people conform to the changes in society through Intercultural communication. I also believe this movie expressed the meaning of Social Exchange Theory, in this case, Clint Eastwood's character “Walt Kowalski”, sacrificed his life so that a whole family could survive.  

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Black is Beautiful

Vogue is the world’s number one fashion magazine. The magazine's first issue came out over 120 years ago in 1892, and since then the magazine has been the first to announce the newest trends, and discover arising models and actors. Thousands of women and some men subscribe to the magazine every year. To appear on the cover of Vogue would help these models careers take off. However, it was a different experience for women of color. For African American women, it was particularly difficult to get jobs.

The first African American women to appear on the cover was Donyale Luna. The March 1966 issue (Fig.1) shows the famous Vogue name in bright blue, capturing the attention of thousands of readers all over the world (Wilson, 2017, n.p.). The then eighteen-year-old Donyale Luna strikes a provocative pose drawing the readers in with her big brown eyes. After this cover Luna’s career expanded, she starred in numerous movies produced by Andy Warhol and was featured on popular British magazines at the time such: as Twen, Paris Match and, Britain’s Queen and later the French edition of Vogue. Time magazine recognized her in 1966 in an article titled “The Luna Year.” In the article Time identified, “Now rising into ascendancy is a new heavenly body who, because of her striking singularity, promises to remain on high for many a season” (“The Luna Year,” 1966). She was called the “it girl” of the 60’s and was noticed for her determination and peculiar personality. Designer Stephen Burrows recalled, “She was just one of those extraordinary girls” (Cazzaniga, 2013, n.p.). No one at that time looked like her. She was eye-catching and different which is precisely what well-known photographer David Bailey was looking for when he photographed this iconic cover. Unfortunately, her role as an innovator is forgotten mainly due to the fact many people believe that Beverly Johnson was the first African American to appear on Vogue. Johnson was the first African American to appear on the American edition, which was published eight years after Luna’s. Also, Luna’s career was cut short when she died at the young age of thirty-three, from overdosing on drugs while living in Italy. Although she was on the earth for such a short period, she paved the way for many African American models such as Beverly Johnson and Naomi Campbell.

Eight years later Beverly Johnson was the first women of color to be photographed on the cover of American Vogue. The photo was taken by Francesco Scavullo, who accepted Johnson’s blackness and highlighted her beauty instead of hiding it. The August 1974 (Fig.2) cover shows a stunning Beverly Johnson that stands out from the typical Vogue cover (Carlos, 2017, n.p.). Her appearance on the magazine changed the way society saw beauty. After the issue was published every major American fashion designers and photographers started using African American models. Johnson’s cover instantly took her from a working model to a superstar the next day, but the journey getting there was not an easy one. She was rejected by countless model agencies. Her manager suggested that the reason she was not getting any major covers was because of the color of her skin and suggested bleaching her skin. Johnson did not become discouraged instead she got new managers and worked harder to become one of the most successful models of all time. Reporter Nubia Murray acknowledges, “After more than 30 years in the fashion industry she is still one of the most beautiful women in the world” (2008, p. 34). After her groundbreaking cover, Johnson focused on civil rights and opening more doors for women of color in fashion.

Beyonce is one of the most influential artists of today. She is known for singing and speaking freely about the “Black Lives Matter” movement, which was the base of her Lemonade album that came out in 2016. The September 2018 issue (Fig. 3) shows Beyonce looking directly into the camera with a strong, unapologetic look. Beautiful flowers in all different colors adorn her head, the flowers mostly cover the Vogue title, so the main focus is on Beyonce (Sewing, 2018, n.p.). Twenty-three-year-old African American photographer Tyler Mitchell took the photo. Not only is an African American on the cover of Vogue’s most important month, but the first Vogue cover to be shot by an African American photographer. Beyonce stated: “It is important to me that I help open doors for younger artists. There are so many cultural and societal barriers to entry that I like to do what I can to level the playing field, to present a different point of view for people who may feel like their voices don’t matter” (“Beyonce,” 2018). It is of great importance to Beyonce that the next generation of African Americans have the same chances as the rest of the world.

Today, women of color are seen more frequently on major fashion magazines and high fashion runways all over the world such as New York, Milan and the fashion capital of the world Paris. There is still a long way to go to equal the playing field for women of color in fashion, but these three remarkable women have helped shape what the world is like today for minorities. 

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Social Media Vs Face to Face Communication

Social Media has helped citizens in many ways, however social media hinders ways of having face to face conversations. Due to undeveloped communication skills it sets people back in their daily lives.

How social media develops unhealthy habits

Social media addiction is now being added to the list of mental illnesses. People spend more time interacting with others online that they develop a strong sensation of an online identity which causes them to have difficulty separating their virtual actions from their actions in reality. Behavioral scientist Clarissa Silva has stated that social media is giving people false narratives, decrease of face - to face conversations and is causing people to have paradoxes of loneliness, envy, anxiety, depression, and narcissism. Humans need contact from other humans to survive, but in today’s day people say that they need social media to survive. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs says we don’t need constant contact with everyone we meet and we don’t need a constant connection to society. Psychologist Robin Dunbar from the University of Oxford says that we need 150 social media friends, 50 friends to do fun activities with, and 5 best friends. Some people are seeking validation from social media so they post what people want to see and they worry about likes and retweets to help them gain that validation. 57% of singles say they have a fear of missing out. Dr. Suzana Flores, author of “ Facehooked: How Facebook Affects our Emotions, Relationships, and Lives “ says when people interact over social media for a long time they tell themselves that they need to constantly check for updates. This is what she calls the “ Slot Machine Effect “. When we receive likes and comments on a post we experience intermittent reinforcement. Many people have emotional insecurities so they turn to social media to feel digitally connected, she calls this “ The Millennial Virus “.

How social Media has caused us to have generational gaps

Nowadays people only follow those who have the same viewpoints as them which doesn’t allow them to have diverse viewpoints on life. And now everyone is busy wanting to know what’s gonna happen and when it’s gonna happen. The new generation can go for 24 hours without talking to someone face to face. Face to face communication was the predominant communication known to man during evolution. Human beings developed ways to communicate through their facial expressions, hand gestures, and tone of their voice when they speak when communicating. A quote from Journal of Organizational Culture says, “ However, when the technology provides other formats and choices to human beings for interactive non - natural media, individuals will experience an increase in perceived cognitive effort, an increase in perceived communication ambiguity and a decrease in physiological arousal or excitement”. Millennials are the quickest to adapt to the new technologies we are introduced to. 5 billion people around the world own a cellphone. 97% of people under 44 own a cellphone and 90% of adults in America own a self phone. Children are unable to remove themselves from social media and are becoming detriment to how they will function when inside a social group. Teens are using abbreviations to talk to others on social media and it is affecting their grammar. Older generations are having to learn the abbreviations so they can understand what is being said by the younger generation. In today’s society it is more normal to overshare what is going on in your personal life online rather than in person. When you share things online it is bound to get in the wrong hands which will leave you wishing you had only told it to your close friends and family.

Effects on self esteem/personal life

Social media is giving people the opportunity to create illusions which is making the viable options harder. Licensed psychologist/relationship expert Dr. Jennifer Rhodes that her clients are obsessed with following their dates on social media. They do this because they lack the communication skills needed for starting conversations. Natalia Lusinsk, “ Sex, Dating, and Relatioships “, writer for Bustle says that she feels couples forget how to talk to one another because they are to busy updating their social medias. People are being “ ghosted “ by their dates and/or the people they are interested in online. “ Ghosted “ means the one you are interested in stops hanging out with you, but continues to keep contact with you. And it is ruining the dating experience. Cyper bullying has the same behavior, emotional, and consequences as real bullying. Cyper bullying is worse because even when the child goes home the bully can still contact him or her and bully them more. Active men and women who are on social media from ages 28 -73 did an interview and the following is their results: 60% said social media has negatively impacted their self - esteem. 50% said it impacted their relationships negatively. 80% said that sharing on social media makes it easier to be deceived by others. When people you love are talking to you over social media you have no idea if what they are saying is a joke or if they mean it which results in unnecessary fights, miscommunication, and ending relationships. The reward molecule dopamine makes our brains react to social media like it would react to a hug which sends us down a loop and when you try to break the loop you can have symptoms just like you would if you were trying to get rid of any other addiction. Studies have shown that teens who withdraw or are deprived from the internet have the same symptoms as those who have drug or alcohol addiction. Social media has been linked to higher levels of loneliness, envy, anxiety, depression, narcissism, and decreased social skills.

Conclusion

In conclusion, social media has helped us as a society. It has also become societies reckoning by botching people’s personal lives, self esteem, developing unhealthy habits, and causing a huge generational gap in society.

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William Shakespeare on Othello Literary Analysis

In the play Othello, written by William Shakespeare, it’s evident how one can manipulate a person to fulfill their own personal agenda. In this play, Othello's trusted advisor Iago fools him in to murdering his beloved desdemona. He achieves this by lying to him constantly eventually tricking him to believe his wife is a cheat and a fake. By the end of play it can be debated by the audience whether or not Othello was in the wrong by murdering his beloved wife.

At the beginning of the play Othello has everything going for him and is portrayed to the audience as a good man who worked for his position as general of the venetian army and also scored the women of his dreams in Desdemona. He has his whole life planned out and is ready to take on his role as a leader to the people. Iago comes into the play as a worker and advisor to the general Othello. He is still sour about being passed over for the position of lieutenant to cassio and is only there to serve himself. To start off Iago, is aware that desdemona's father (brabantio) would not be happy with his daughter marrying Othello (a Moor). Iago informs brabantio of this and the duke becomes infuriated and moves othello to cyprus. “This is Venice. My house is not a grange.” (1.1.119) In An act to proclaim her love, Desdemona travels with othello in his move to cyprus. In this stage of this book, othello is loved by everyone and it seems as if he has everything set up and has no one who stands against him.

As the play moves on, Othello begins to fall into Iago's trap constantly. He listens to all of Iago's lies and deception that is poured in becauses he still believes that Iago is his trusty and faithful advisor. “As honest as I am” (Iago) (2.1.199-201) One of Iago's first sneaky actions is to get othello's lieutenant drunk to commit something he wouldn't usually do sober. So Iago convinces cassio to have a couple drinks and loosen up a little. While this is going on cassio gets into a scuffle with the former governor of cyprus, resulting in cassio stabbing him. Othello reacts to this by stripping cassio of his title and loses a lot of trust in Cassios’ credibility. Cassio is embarrassed of his actions and becomes very vulnerable for Iago to spread his lies and deceit. He advises cassio to talk to desdemona in private to explain the situation to justify his actions, which will fall perfectly into Iago's hands. Iago has been feeding lies to othello throughout the play that desdemona is secretly in love with cassio and they are in an affair together. “I lay with Cassio lately…I heard him say ‘sweet Desdemona let us be wary, let us hide our loves’” (3.3.413) Othello starts to question the legitimacy of his marriage and slowly becomes enraged with desdemona's supposed “actions”. The audience sees all that has been going on behind the scenes and feels sorry for othello, after all he has no idea what actually is happening.

Towards the end of the story, Iago's plan has almost come full circle as Othello's has become extremely suspicious of Desdemona actions and he watches her very carefully. Why, why is this? Think'st thou I'd make a life of jealousy, To follow still the changes of the moon With fresh suspicions? No. To be once in doubt Is once to be resolved. (3.3 207-215)

Iago knows that he is just one deciding moment that will lead to him acting in anger possibly killing his own wife. In Iago's final action, he gets bianca to steal the special handkerchief that Othello has given to Desdemona. He then plants this evidence with Cassio after he has slept with Bianca. Othello notices Cassio with this handkerchief and becomes enraged. He challenges desdemona to show him the handkerchief but she truly believes that she has misplaced it. Othello is thrown into a state of anger and distrust as he believes that he has caught desdemona in the act of it all. Iago runs swiftly to “aid” othello in this time of turmoil offering his loyal advise he has been given all long. Othello at first asks that Iago finds someone to do the deed by killing her in the night by stabbing or whatever means necessary. Iago then recommends that he chokes her out instead because then he will truly be able to see it in her eyes that she has been lying all along. From iago's point of view, the people will all know that it was othello that has killed her and he is caught in the act. Othello then ,acting as he feels necessary, goes to Desdemona's room as she is settling down to go to bed. He is convinced that she is a dishonest cheat and he kills her.

“Desdemona: O, banish me, my lord, but kill me not!

Othello: Down, Strumpet!”(5.2.78-79).

Othello still does not know that this was Iago's whole plan and truly believes he has done desdemona a favor so that she doesn't continue to cheat with other men.

Othello is blinded by Iago the entire play and the readers sympathize with Othello because he truly did not know what was going on behind the scenes. Even though othello could have approached the situation differently and his head wasn't really screwed on, it is still easy to feel bad for the guy because he really just wanted to mind his own business but fell into Iago's world which ultimately cost his and his wife's life. 

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God Created the World

Creationism is the belief that there is a God, and he created the earth as well as everything on it. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, modern day scientists typically reject this. Creationists believe the world was created in six days as written in Genesis chapter one. The popularity of creationism began to decrease when Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species was released and led the scientific community, as well as some churches, to go with the side of evolution within a couple decades of the book’s release. In 1950, Pope Pius XII released a letter to the bishops of the Roman Catholic church stating there is no difference between the big bang theory and the teachings of the church. This was once again affirmed in 1996 by Pope John Paul II.

There are still many people worldwide that believe in creationism which is one of the most argued accounts in the Bible. The Bible states in Genesis, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Genesis 1:1). Events throughout history, such as the flood, have proven the Bible to be true. In my opinion, this would be the second most disputed point in the Bible. The flood was a worldwide event that was caused by excessive rain for forty-days and forty-nights. Christians believe that there is a one true, omnipotent God who created the world with a few simple commands. In the Bible, there are many accounts to prove that there is a God, perhaps the biggest account of them all to prove that there is a God. Jesus is the one true son of God and the Bible states that Jesus compiled a whole bunch of miracles, the biggest being when he died on the cross for our sins but arose again to prove that he is the one true son of God.

A good portion of the world do indeed believe in God, but about 3.1% of the world population don’t. The people who don’t believe in a God or a religion have a name, they are called atheists. Atheists are people who believe there is no such thing as a God, they also generally believe The Big Bang Theory, old earth theory, and/or evolution.

I believe that there is a living breathing God, I also believe in the creation theory. I am a Christian, so I do believe the bible, I don’t have to believe it but I choose to believe it. In the argument of the scientific side, I find it interesting, even though science has its flaws, I just personally find it neat and cool as well as interesting. In the end the religious point of view has a lot of support, even though it is from a book that is practically made for the religion, there IS history supporting that it is true. As for The Big Bang side even though The Big Bang Theory can’t be tested it is a viable outcome on how the world was created, with the earths age it will never be exact unless there is a race that knew of us when created to tell us. I can't say what the outcome of a living God will be but there is already circumstantial evidence pointing towards there being a god that created us instead of two atomic particles creating us.

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Mexican Culture

There are many races of people in the world we live in today, in my opinion, Mexicans are some of the most interesting people I have encountered. The Mexicans race is full of interesting cultural facts. Everything from the religion to the food they eat. As a Caucasian male, I chose to dive into the culture of the Mexican race because throughout my early years of life I had two best friends who were from Mexico and were brought here when they were very young. Even though I considered myself to be great friends with them, I was too young to have a curiosity for information regarding the background of my two friends. Now that this assignment has come up I feel it is a great opportunity for me to learn about where they come from and how they live.

A family is deemed to be one of the most important parts of the Mexican culture. 'Parents are treated with a high degree of respect, as is the family in general and there may be the constant struggle, especially for the growing children between individual wants and needs and those wants and needs of the family,' Zimmermann, Kim Ann. “Mexican Culture: Customs & Traditions.” LiveScience, Purch, 19 July 2017. I remember a few things about these guys I grew up with from Mexico. They weren’t always the greatest students or boys in general when it came to trouble within a school or home life. But I can say they were very well mannered at home around their mother and both were very loyal to people they cared for.

Racial discrimination for Mexicans in America could be considered violent, I have seen first hand how the two brothers I knew were treated by other classmates. When we were in school people would joke around with them and ask questions like “you want to come and pick my tobacco” and other remarks that would make feel slightly uncomfortable by. Mexicans who live in America today probably experience racism more than other races because of the negative outlook certain politicians have given them. “Build the Wall’ is without a doubt one of the worst statements I feel you can say to or about people of a Mexican descent. Questioning whether one is legal or illegal is also something offensive they are bothered with. “A couple of weeks ago, while I was running errands in my neighborhood, a stranger asked me if I was “illegal”. Vasquez, Tina. “I've Experienced a New Level of Racism since Donald Trump Went after Latinos | Tina Vasquez.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 9 Sept. 2015.

The men in the family carry on the name and teach the other family members who are male, the responsibilities they are expected to accomplish. The father and or Grandfather are considered “Man of the house”. The women of the family take from the mother or grandmother about what they are supposed to do. At the age of fifteen girls are given a quinceañera, this is where the family and friends come together for a ceremony in which the father announces the becoming of a woman for the daughter.

Throughout the research of this paper, I have concluded that the Mexican race is a lot more intriguing than I had previously expected. I feel as if the parts of culture I once knew before taking part in this essay, are extremely small compared to the readings, articles, and online websites that I found. The Mexican culture has so much to offer to people of all different races!

Although racism exists everywhere, you often hear people say, “I have never experienced racism” or “I have never had a racist thought”. Coming from the southern parts of Virginia I honestly feel as if everyone around has experienced a tidbit of racism at some point in their lifetime. Or have thought a rather uncomfortable thought. The area we live in has such a wide variety of people, races, and backgrounds which is the reason I feel racism exist in the Danville community. It is hard to pretend that racism is nonexistent, no matter how hard we try, some people are filled with hatred for other races.

To battle racism as a single person is impossible, although as one if we all just think and speak with love and peace I feel as if racism will soon become a problem of the past. Before picking up a class about sociology, I can honestly say I never thought about things from a sociological perspective. Now, I see things differently. If humans including myself will start to think about how people of all races feel indifferent, problematic situations and counter the negative responses that may be thought with the love and peace we all wish for, the world as we know it will start to shift into a more positive and loving place.

So, therefore, I will continue to spread positive words and thoughts throughout this journey we call life, to people of all races I may meet. No matter the person, the background, nor the way one was raised, deep down we all wish for one thing. For the world to come together and be one. Like George Edward Moore said, “In the end, there is only one race: the human.”

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Problems with American Education System 

The United States education system is perfidious. The system is forcing students, who all have very different ways of thinking, to sit in a classroom and be taught the same way everyday. Any scientist can tell you that no two brains are the same. Teaching all of them the same way, is not going to work. If we were to change the system and customize the education, then every student would get a fair chance at learning and being able to understand the curriculum. While some people believe in today’s education system, most believe that it is outdated and unjust.

The United States education system is facing many problems. Noah Karvelis says, “We are truly in a state of crisis”. One problem being that “parents do not get involved enough” (Matthew Lynch 2). Teachers do not have enough time in the years a student is in school to teach them everything they need to know. Therefore, parents need to be more involved. If parents do not get involved, then the student will not be able to learn everything they need to know. These days, the demands on jobs and the over-dependence on schools, put higher-class to lower-class students at risk when it comes to the lack of parent involvement.

Academic dishonesty is nothing new. Technology brings a whole new level to cheating. Although it helps with research and writing papers, it also opens a whole new window to cheating. Fifty-one percent of students had said that they knowingly cheated. A Common Sense Media survey found that thirty-five percent of students had cheated via cell phone (Lynch 2). In some cases, some students did not understand that looking at their phones, was cheating. Since cheating through technology is not listed as a rule in many schools, students do not view their actions as unethical. Technological cheating was non existent ten years ago.

Another problem with the American school system is that, “we are still using the teacher training method of yesterday” (Lynch 3). Schools have not increadibly changed since they first started. Everything has been upgraded while teaching methods have remained the same. Technology is now more advanced than it has ever been. Kids are now less naive than they were due to technology. These days, teachers are getting students with useless information stuffed into their heads (Lynch 4). We are now in the 21st century and we cannot be using the same methods as we have been. Our support system much catch up with the current needs of the American workforce. Most millennials lack the skills they need to flourish in this economy. This causes the United States to be behind China and other countries, in education.

Today, in many schools there has been an input of per pupil spending. This forces schools to run low on staff due to the enrollment in the school. “As of the 2017-2018 school year, at least 12 states had slashed ‘general’ or ‘formula’ funding by 7 percent or more per student over the last decade” (“Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 3). Public school funding has been cut all over due to reckless tax cuts. “An exercise at reducing poverty should begin with monitoring, collating and consolidation” (“Poverty Data Among School Children” 2779). While being state and federal government funded, schools have the same brain power as your “local DMV” (Terry Heick 3).

Test scores were the primary judge if a school was succeeding or not. Because of that, tests became the purpose of education. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law demanded that schools generate higher test scores in basic skills (Diane Ravitch 18). Frederick J. Kelley once said, “These tests are too crude to be used and should be abandoned.” Kelley was the man who came up with standardized testing. He went back on his own thing because he realized how pointless they were. Students nowadays have more stress than ever, a main reason, being due to tests. The United States Education is a ‘C’ student. In 2017 the U.S. scored an average of 74.2, making us a C-minus and C-plus country (Stacy Decker 1). Schools were made to train people to work in factories for eight hours a day and were told what to think. We must compete to get an ‘A’, which determines product equality.

Inorder to ‘fix’ the system the education system must, stop giving meaningless tests, reduce the schools population, stop teacher evaluations and customize the system. “There used to be only one standardized test per year” (Anya Hollis 2). These days, we have many tests per year. These are pointless and only serve to give testing companies more money. If the school system were to stop giving students meaningless tests, they will become less stressed and more apt to learn.

Schools are overcrowded. A study by the National Center for Education states, “14 percent of the US schools exceed capacity”(3). The smaller the school is, the more involved students can be, thus making parent involvement less necessary; that way a teacher is able to be more interactive with the students. Students now need more attention then they ever did before. In such a way, making it harder for teachers to be effective.

Evaluating teachers is subjective. “Get rid of teacher evaluation tools” says Hollis (4). “Teachers are heroes that often get blamed” (“The People vs. The School System”). Most of the principles have never been teachers and do not know how a classroom runs. Thus, making them unqualified to judge a teacher on their performance and the performance of their students.

Any scientist can tell you that no two brains are the same. It is not good for a teacher to stand up and teach the same thing to students who think in all different ways. If we can customize cars, facebook pages, even t-shirts and shoes, then it is the education systems duty to do that for education. “While students maybe 20% of our population, they are 100% of our future” (“The People vs. The Education System”). If we were to change our education system to meet the needs of all students, we would be more successful. “The world has progressed. We now need people who think creatively, innovatively, critically, independently and with the ability to connect” (“The People vs. The Education System”). Students are not able to think in those ways because for eight hours a day being told what to think. We cannot think independently if we are being told what to think.

These solutions will work because, if they were to change the education system to meet the needs of students, we will be more successful. In Finland, they have shorter days, teachers make a decent wage, and they have no homework. They focus on collaboration instead of competition. Their education system our performs everyone (“The People vs. The School System”).

If the United States was to build more schools, the schools population would be smaller thus, making it easier for students to ask questions and would make parent involvement less necessary and parents would not have to worry about teaching their students things as well. nowadays, they need more attention then they ever did before. Thus making it harder for teachers to be effective. If you have a class of fifty to one-hundred students, it would be nearly impossible for a student to try to learn in that type of environment. There are many distractions. If they were to reduce the population in schools, students would be able to ask more questions and would be able to focus better.

There are some positives to the United States education system. One being the opportunities we have. United States universities are highly regarded around the world. Candidates with United States diplomas have a better chance at being picked by employers. “In a survey for top universities in the world from 2014, 40 out of 100 universities are located in the United States, 7 of which are in the top 10” (“We Make Scholars”). Because many universities want the best and brightest students, you have the opportunities to meet and speak with people from universities.

School availabilities around the world are best in America. It is available to everyone. Even student life is mostly on campus. Dormitories are also located there. Closely located to the campus are places where students and faculty can find necessary utilities, restaurants and cafes. Other places are not that lucky. Most children have to work and help provide for their families instead of going to school. The United States is number ten on the richest country board. Hence making it easier for children to attend school. If a child is unable to attend school, the state will get involved and take appropriate means to make sure a child attends school and receives education.

The United States education system is unfair. Children all over the states are failing and feeling useless and stupid. Albert Einstein once said, “Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid”. That is not true. There is a problem with the education system because every student is important. Math and science are just as important as art or dance. Extracurricular activities help build self-confidence, personal fulfillment, balance, and a strong sense of community. Continuing the teaching ways they are now, we will not have a bright future. We will have a future with people who think they do not know anything and feel they cannot do anything. The education system is perfidious and is failing students. If we change this, our future will be bright and creative.  

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Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is finding better ways for doing right things for both future and present. We might need to change the way we work and live now, but this doesn't mean that you should reduce the quality of your life. A sustainable development approach can bring many benefits in the short to medium term, for example: Savings - As a result of SDC scrutiny, government has saved over £60m by improving efficiency across its estate. Health & Transport - Instead of driving, switching to walking or cycling for short journeys will save you money, improve your health and is often just as quick and convenient. Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on the issues that affect all of our lives. By incorporating health plans into the planning of new communities, for instance, we can ensure that residents have easy access to healthcare and leisure facilities. Sustainable development focuses on development and growth of everyone without harming the society. Investment and an equal distribution of the economic resources will strengthen the other pillars of sustainability for a complete development. Many of the challenges facing humankind, such as climate change, water scarcity, inequality and hunger, can only be resolved at a global level and by promoting sustainable development. We are already seeing the damage this kind of approach can cause, from large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, to changes in global climate resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. Even though United States has a lot of sustainability. India is also catching up to this sustainable development.

The food and beverage industry in India are evolving extremely. The restaurants trends are also increasing day by day. With the increase in population in India there are many restaurants coming and with restaurants are coming new trends. People are thinking new ways to attract the customers to them. Apart from usual fine dining restaurants, cafes, casual dining, ice cream parlour and food trucks there are many new trends are evolving. The new concept which has come up nowadays is HOME COOK. Home cook is someone who takes orders and cook from home kitchen. With the help of social media it has become very easy for the home cooks to reach everyone and do there marketing. They can also deliver food on time to the customer with the help of delivery companies which have come out recently. The other trend which is going on recently is HIGHWAY RESTAURANT also called DHABBA’S.People also search for places which are little far because they can spend more time family and friends. These restaurants are out of cities in highway where there is very less noise and every can have their food peacefully unlike the noisy cities. The main reason why the restaurant owner are looking for place which is 20-30 kms away from heart of the city and the rent of the place is also less compared in the cities. QUICK SERVICES RESTAURANTS these restaurants are loved by everyone nowadays. These restaurants are increasing so fast that there are chains of this restaurant.

Restaurants are nowadays giving more importance to the authentic native cuisine of India. In earlier times there were more restaurants with the international cuisine. While there is a new trend where more and more people are trying the Indian authentic native food and exploring the native foods from different part of the country. As the regional food is getting explored the local product is also given more importance than the foreign product. People like the traditional ways to eat and they get the experience of other state living in some other part of the country. Other than this demand of healthy foods is increasing. Whole foods are also in trend because it is said that whole foods are very healthy because they cut down the carbohydrates and gluten. Whole foods are those foods which are processed very little as possible so that's why they are free from the artificial substance. One of the latest trends in Indian food industry is vegan food. Many Indians have got attracted towards it and prefer to be vegans. Due the large population moving towards veganism many restaurants have made several changes in there menu and chefs have to create dishes which are appealing, tasty and fancy. Food products like grain cheese and soya-milk demand is increased due to veganism. Other neither people who are nor vegans also prefer this because it is very healthy. Talking about the trends the trend which has come up is the full day breakfast. People like to have these breakfast food anytime of the day. Let it be waffles, pancake, idle, dose, etc. are served in restaurants all day.

Alcoholic drinks are the most selling thing in the restaurants nowadays because people like to have alcohol when there is any celebration or they are with their friends and during normal outings people prefer fruits based beverages. People are becoming more health conscious so they have reduced drinking sodas even the diet soda. People prefer fresh fruit juices like nimbus pain, mosambi.etc are served with a slight twist. People also have to like milkshakes. The people those who are health conscious have lessen the use of alcohol and shifted towards non-alcoholic drinks. Sparkling drinks are also in trend many restaurants serve different type of sparkling drinks. Nowadays bartenders team up with chefs to maximize the usage of left over and trimmings from the kitchen which can be used in making different types of cocktails. The lemon and the orange peels are not wasted any more from the kitchen by the chefs they give them to bartenders so that it can be used. India is also growing its market in fermented beverages and the influence of the west has increased the growth.

In food and beverage industry nowadays new technologies are also used. Many restaurant use a system called POS system this system is used when the customers comes for the first time they fill their details in it and the experience and tell about the service. This post system automatically sends a message to the customer on their birthdays and anniversary or if some offers are going on. It also shows that when the customer had visited the restaurant last and what he ordered. Automated marketing another technology used now a day has made easy for the restaurants to send offer and discount coupons to the customer. It sends offers according to the area. Where different people get different offers according they have visited the restaurant. Social media play a very important role in food and beverage industry. Before the revolution of the internet, Facebook, YouTube v-logs and ‘Live Videos’, chefs and restaurateurs made it big through books and TV. Now thanks to social media they have better and more approachable ways to reach a home audience. More and more people uses YouTube instead of cooking books to learn cooking and for recipes they use Google. Social media helps the restaurants to attract people by posting pictures of food, their platting and their ambience.

Sustainable development is a development that should meet the people’s requirement without changing their present and future ability. Indian food industry is flourishing day by day and will continue to do so at a rapid pace over the next few years due to the boom in consumer spending power and brand innovation. Changing market segments are more of an opportunity rather that a threat in the industry as they push chefs to innovate something more delicious. There is a lot of competition but at the same time it enhances creativity. Now a day’s people are moving to healthy eating habits and are shifting to vegetarianism. There is a new trend of becoming vegan now days. The other important things now days are presentation. One side there is good food and other side presentation of that food. Presentation of good food in a good way is the latest trend in food service industry.as long as restaurants maintains these things the people will keep coming back to them. Social media is also the new trend because now a days people search for restaurant on it and there are many apps from where you can search and order online from it and you can share your experience of yours on it. 

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“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (Rhetorical Analysis)

Introduction

Edwards uses logos, ethos, and pathos are used in “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” through different ways to pack a bigger punch into his argument. Logos is the logistical side of his argument, speaking of the minister’s logic being; if you are a sinner who has not been reborn, you are going to hell. Ethos is a little harder to find in this text. It uses his position as a minister to provide more credibility by his testimony and allusion to the Bible to back up his arguments. The most persuasive example of pathos is that he makes everyone extremely fearful of God sending them to hell, while also allowing them an offer of hope by saying that they don't have to go to hell if they are reborn. The main argument that is strongest is the claim that God is angry if you are a sinner and that he will send you to hell. Without all three of these methods mixed together, his argument would not be nearly as strong and persuasive.

Speaking in terms of logos, one example from the text is when Edwards says “They shall be left to fall, as they are inclined by their own weight. God will not hold them up in these slippery places any longer, but will let them go; and then, at that very instant, they shall fall into destruction. (Norton 391)” This passage from the fourth point in his writing shows logically that if you are a sinner, God will not hold you up any longer once you die. He will logically allow you to slip through into hell. This provides a logical argument to back up his original claim.

Speaking in terms of ethos in “Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God,” he uses first person and Biblical passages to show his expertise in this area. By doing this, the reader believes that what he is saying is worth listening to. He does this in the first and second point as he references Psalm. He also shows his expertise by being knowledgeable of pastoral works. “Jonathan Edwards continues to loom large over the evangelical world. In celebration of the tercentenary of Edwards's birth, the thirteen essays in The Legacy of Jonathan Edwards examine the vision, theology, and influence of this theological giant within the context of contemporary American Protestantism. (Hart).” This shows how he is credible to speak of his main claim.

Finally, in terms of pathos, there is a lot in his writings. The touchy topic of ‘burning in hell’ can be pushed onto people easily using their emotions. He does this many times by speaking of two thing: people sinning and God being angry at sin. By preying on peoples emotions through the point out of their sins, Edwards is able to make them feel like they need to be reborn so they are saved from those sins. If not, by these means, Edwards convinces them by saying that if they are not reborn and sinners, they will burn in hell. This attacks the sinners’ fear emotion and causes them to pay more attention to what Edwards is saying. This causes Edwards original claim to have a more impactful meaning.

Overall, Edwards uses of logos, ethos, and pathos provide a very compelling argument in “Sinners at the Hands of an Angry God.” He uses these three rhetoric devices to make his claim, that is that if you are a sinner and not reborn then you will burn in hell, more convincing throughout his writing. By using all three of these devices, Edwards is able to make his argument much more compelling than if he were to have only used one or two of these devices. 

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“On the Rainy River” (Textual Analysis)

In the story “The Rainy River” by Tim O'Brien, you could review it in numerous different ways. Though in my opinion, I believe that it is a story about overcoming guilt and uncertainty. Why is this story a memoir? O’Brien’s interpretation of his dilemma, following his impulses, how this story is a paradox, knowing if something caused all of Tim’s issues, and why he changes his mind about fleeing to Canada are all parts that need questioning and answering throughout this story.

From the opening sentence of the chapter, O'Brien starts to create, though subtly, the effect of the story’s structure, with a mixture of war experiences, and the writer's memoir. Students should note that a writer's memoir is a form of an autobiography. Frequently, a writer's memoir is more formal and attentive than an autobiography, which is when an author narrates scenes from his or her own life. Writer's memoirs often explain how a writer writes and what the circumstances were, mentally and emotionally, that surround the origin of some literary or journalistic work. The statement that 'this is one story I have never told before' (Page 1), signals two circumstances to the reader. First, the story builds a confessional mood and creates an instant understanding between the reader and O'Brien. Second, in the setting of the novel, the reader knows that this is a half-done story, possibly a piece of memory that, given O'Brien's viewpoint of storytelling, is being crafted into a story as a means for interpreting the results of the past.

In this narrative, a month after Tim O’Brien graduates, he is presented with a draft notice to fight in the Vietnam War. O’Brien’s interpretation of his dilemma about going to war demonstrates how the battle is supported by soldiers who were often opposed and contrasted. “On the Rainy River” presses the guilt of committing cruelties against other humans, along with the guilt of avoiding the draft. Because of this, the war seems wrong to him.

The causes and effects of unpredictability also give him anxiety. O'Brien only took action to dodge the draft and follow his impulses, rather than follow the expectations of his city. After that, Tim felt something break open in his chest. A physical separation — a cracking-leaking-popping sense. He creates an intricate connection between physical features, his ability to understand the story of his own life, and the readers’ knowledge to understand the universal lessons of battle, even if those lessons are paradoxical. He deems he is too good to fight, so he runs away.

From the story, it could be considered that Tim is a coward, that he is afraid of everything, lonely even. However, has it ever been thought of more like heart disease? That he is hurting? At the beginning of the book, Tim is understood to have a dull, uneventful life. Cleaning pigs out for a living is not exactly what every kid would pick to be a dream job. Though maybe the decisions of running away are caused by something? Chapter 23 from the book “How to read literature like a Professor” by Tomas Foster talks about this in a more direct way. “The afflicted character can have any number of problems for which heart disease provides a suitable emblem”(Page 216). Being a coward and being lonely are only two of several possible explanations for abrupt decisions such as running to the border. If he had a support system, such as more love from his parents, and more sympathy about the war, then this story might have turned out much differently.

O'Brien sets up difficult relationships that are repeated in various forms during the novel. One such inconsistency is that of courage and fear. He elaborates that he was 'ashamed to be doing the right thing' (Page 6) in supporting his conscience in driving to Canada. Since this paradox is a reversal of commonly held assumptions about courage in war, O'Brien, who has never told the story of his retreat to the Tip Top Lodge before, needed to reproduce a story as a means for structuring a way to recognize the paradox and come to terms with it. This meta-fictive means of imposing a sense of moral sickness and individual struggle is not the only storytelling O'Brien does in this part. He honestly tries to do the same thing in the midst of the Rainy River, he 'slipped out of his own skin' (Page 7) and viewed himself (much like Elroy Berdahl watched and read O'Brien) in his efforts to determine whether he should flee to Canada.

At the end of the chapter, after six days unitedly, when the old man leads Tim to the river, the pressure of making a choice once and for all becomes evident to the boy. The narrative exposes that he feels the need to explain his decision to us. Although his probe of “What would you do?” and “Would you cry, as I did?” urges us to recognize his situation. The young man has flashbacks to explain his complete life. This could be reflected as a representation of “rebirth” or being “baptized” as told in “How to Read Like a Professor,” Chapter 18. The restoration enables the character to completely think out what his judgment will do to himself and the people around him. When O’Brien is just feet from the Canadian Border and could jump and swim to Canada, instead he chooses not to because of what could happen to his loved ones, his city, and himself. Despite the importance of the physicality of 'O'Brien,' he reemerges as someone who cares and thinks things through thoroughly. O'Brien is paralyzed as Tim tried to drive himself from the boat. So it resulted that he had denied his feelings and resigned to the schemas of stories of other people, like the older contemporaries of vets whom he detests, and to what he deemed cowardice — at least until finally telling this narrative.  

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Who is to Blame in “The Crucible”?

There were horrific events described by the author. In this essay I will explain who is to blame. 

In the play the Crucible many people that lived in Salem in 1692 were convicted of witch craft and were killed. One of the main characters to blame was Abigale Williams she was a teenager in the sixteen hundred. That was obsessed with a man named John Proctor in order to get Proctor she resorted to witch craft with her uncles Barbados slave Tituba. She wanted Johns wife Elizabeth Proctor to die so he would go wither and in this proses she had acted like she got cursed by everyone she did not like. She also made her friends get in on it so that she could have the people that she did not liked killed.

The blame in this play is not evenly spread but still is blamed on two people. The blame is on John Proctor for falling for Abigale when she worked at his house. The blame is also on Abigale for wanting John Proctor enough to go and lie to the hole town and to the court. The blame is kind of even because if John would have never fallen in love with Abigale then all the people that Abigale blames would be alive and not dead. John is a little less to blame because he didn’t try and try to be with Abigale like she did to him and he kind of didn’t care about her after what happen the first time. But she went tried everything in the world even witch craft to live with him and to be his wife.

So my stand on the book is that Abigale and John are to blame for the whole thing happening because if Abigale would have never danced in the forest and would have never tried to get with John then John would have never been hung. Abigale is a selfish, lying, manipulative teen and she used this to gain protection from the town. John is a strong, hardworking, well known man in the town and he used this to attempt to gain the towns trust over Abigale and failed. Abigale never realized that she was going to kill the person she wants with what she was doing. John was a pride full man and up to his death he was loyal to his wife and in the conclusion Abigale is to blame.

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Following Instructions in the Army

Leadership is not only a quality that is taught, but one vital to the Army’s mission. The Army consists of a multitude of skillsets, all serving one purpose: The Nations interest. Leadership is expected of us to serve those interests with tact, expertise, and effectiveness. Despite position, soldiers are expected to carry out missions with the Army values in mind. The ability of the Army to maintain customs and courtesies has only strengthened its foundation of leadership. Though not exclusive to servicemen and women, soldiers separate themselves from society through professionalism in leadership.

As described in AR 600-100, the Army defines leadership as” influencing by providing purpose, direction, and motivation”. By following the framework of the Army values, LDRSHIP, we can identify what leadership entails. Loyalty: allegiance to the oath of enlistment, your peers, and the objectives of command. Duty: being bound to the welfare of yourself, your soldiers, and your mission statement. Respect: extending the understanding that everyone, Private and above is essential to the totality of mission effectiveness. Selfless Service: understanding and accepting that the needs of the many, will often outweigh the needs of the few. Honor: living in virtue, knowing the distinct difference between right and wrong, and acting accordingly. Integrity: being honest and direct with your actions and intentions; never using means to deceive your audience. Personal Courage: the ability to drive on through self-doubt or fear, and being steadfast during difficult times.

It is important to not only understanding good leadership, but toxic leadership as well. Beginning with the soldier as an individual, toxic leadership is fostered through a negative environment. When a solider cannot trust, rely on, or follow their leadership, a negative environment arrives. Incompetent, insensitive, criminal, and self-centered leadership all add to the slowing or prevention of growth within a team, squad, or platoon.

Beginning from initial entry, following throughout a soldier’s career, leadership is embedded into our brains. The Army has sustained professional culture through five essential values: trust, military expertise, honorable service, stewardship, and esprit de corps. Trust is the confident expectation of your superiors and subordinates, it builds the base for all values. Military expertise is the expert know-how of your service, occupation, and military custom. Honorable service is serving in a capacity that exemplifies the entirety of the Army values. Stewardship is the ability to remain careful and tactful in the responsibility of your soldiers. The unity of yourself and your element is esprit de corps, the ‘spirit of the corps’. Through cadence of action, learning the Army’s culture, and effective training, synchronicity is established. Strong command is not attained through an ‘iron fist’, but rather communication, attentiveness, and respect. Demonstrating respect to all ranks is what fosters the nature of unity, and individual development. This development is the lifeblood of the entire profession of the Army.

To establish a foundation, it is important to provide Soldiers with dynamic ways of thinking. The Army is made of many parts, those parts, being individuals from all experiences of life. These experiences that blend together to form one functioning machine are all factors in molding potential leaders. The first thing taught upon entry into the army, is professionalism in uniform: how to be a Soldier. Professionalism in uniform leads to a pride in service, and aligns nearly directly with military bearing. In equipping soldiers with cultural and technical knowledge of the Army, self-confidence is developed. Confidence is key to making your soldiers open and willing to trust you without hesitation. Soldiers begin to take more calculated risks through this developed confidence.

Soldiers utilize their confidence learned to identify risk versus reward, a critical thinking tool. Critical thinking allows soldiers to navigate matters of social, moral, and professional importance with the tools of Army ethic at hand. Rewards of critical thinking, through commendations and certification, further validates soldiers by reinforcing confidence gained. Soldiers earn validation of military expertise through promotion, graduating professional military education schools, etc. Validation of duty also provides subordinates with a visual, attainable goal as seen through leadership. Demonstration of commitment to the goals of Army, provides standards a soldier should strive to achieve.

In the Army, we can conclude that professionalism and leadership are not mutually exclusive, but synonymous. We can truly see how by examining both the Army values and the five essential values. The common theme identified in these values, are the attributes a leader should have. At its core, the Army cultivates the followership that blossoms into strong leadership. If leadership is the trait an individual carries, then professionalism is that soldiers ability to execute those traits.  

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