Describe your Favourite Movie

The Schack is a Christian drama based on the novel of William P. Young

The Shack is my favorite movie ever, it tells the story of a heartbroken father called Mack Phillip which had an abusive father. During a camping trip with his three children, his older children fall accidentally into the river from their canoe. While he is rescuing them, Missy his youngest daughter is kidnapped, and later considered dead for the police. Months later, Mack receives an invitation in his mailbox to spend a time with 'Papa' which is the nickname use by his wife and his children for God. At first Mack thought it was simply a sick joke after he decides to accept the invitation and to return to the shack. At the moment he arrives at the shack he meets God in the form of three persons: Jesus, the Holy Spirit and the Father, or Papa. Through his time with the Trinity, Mack finds important truths that will transform his understanding of his tragedy and change his life forever.

The movie was filmed at Sunnyside campground in Cultus Lake, British Columbia, and also there are another scenes filmed at Multnomah Falls, the Oregon. The main character is Mackenzie Allen Phillips, a father of three called 'Mack' by his family and friends interpreted by the actor Sam Worthington.

I loved the whole movie, but one of the scenes that most impacted me was the judgment scene. Mack judged what he could see, but Wisdom showed him some of what he could not see (like the fact that his father had been abused as a boy). Then Mack was asked to judge between his two kids, and he felt unable to do it. It gave me an idea of God’s love for his children and the pain he must feel as we choose to walk with the evil. This scene also showed me, how human beings judge the bad actions of other people for any reasons. However, we do not know the problems or the suffering of anyone. That’s why we have no right to judge anyone because we are human, and we all make mistakes.

Another of my favorite scene in the movie is at the end. Mack is in the hospital, he meets his family again. Mack has a private conversation with his older daughter, Kate who has been fighting with guilt and anger since her little sister’s death. Mack told her “I am only beginning this journey, this journey of faith and forgiveness. I cannot do it alone, I hope you can do it with me”. I remembered that I started to cry, it was a very emotional scene to me. Because finally father and daughter embraced, and they freed themselves from the guilt.

In conclusion the film brings the amazing message that forgiveness liberates you, it sets you free.

I recommend this movie even for people who do not have religion.

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Essay on Passion for Baking

Since I was a kid, I was intrigued by the thought of getting my own of sweet biscuits or a delicious dish. Still, my parents forbade me to take any baking utensils or still put walk into the room (mostly possible because of my teenage and the fact that I look to break everything I touch). From the day forth, I begged my parents to make me get the instant cake mix; and today I cook everything from cookies to cakes and chocolate macaroon tarts. Baking is my favorite pastime that I take to improve my ability. As time goes by, baking becomes my hobby when I have free time.

Getting the opportunity to get up each morning and do what you love may not appear to be a great deal of work, yet transforming a preparing side interest into a suitable business will take a ton of aptitudes past the kitchen. Try not to be afraid to ask for help when you need it, and just keep remember that you will gain proficiency a lot about running a small business on the job, and that is alright.

For the individual who loves baking, figuring out how to start a baking business from home is a great method to merge a hobby with a career. Like different organizations, a home-based baking business requires a great deal of research and planning to start. In any case, you will require extra permits, inspections, and marketing strategies before being permitted to make a sale. There are a few interesting points when starting a baking business from home. Choose what types of food you want to sell and how. A variety of baking-related business choices like catering and baked pastries. You can concentrate on specific niche markets, for example, providing food weddings or baked goods sold through nearby coffeehouses or stores.

When setting up a business, passion is one of the most effective motivating factors. When you are passionate about business you currently doing, success is your main focus. This means that you will make unremitting efforts to create the products your target customers need. You will seek to provide the best customer service and keep your existing customers loyal to you. Passion for the baking business itself is important, and professional baking means fast, efficient, and consistent. Week after week , you execute the same recipe again and again. If you accidentally use plain flour instead of corn flour, it is possible to discard products worth hundreds of ringgits. Hard work, making the same baked goods over and over again can be boring. That is why you need a passion for doing something because passion can turn the things you love into a profitable business.

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Baking Experience Essay

Ding! The oven does as the timer is finished. You Have made a snack for your family. You want to learn how to do more. Well You can follow a cookbook but let’s do the basics. Here you will learn how to bake magnificent desserts learn how to not burn your house down when baking and have fun.

First Of all one way to not burn your house down is by following the oven instructions because if you don't things can get bad. If you leave the oven on for to long, the oven can overheat and it will start to release Co2 which is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide can be fatal or harmful to pets and humans so only turn it on when you are ready and also when using the top of a gas stove or a burner don't leave it ticking when you're trying to turn on the heat because if you leave it gas will go into your air and if one spark and Boom bye house you will be left dead or if you be careful, you can be safe. That is how to not burn your house down.

Secondly you can bake magnificent desserts like cakes and flan which is delicious. One is to always find all your ingredients. Secondly don't go with the recipe to the max that it is the same so be a little creative if you make a cake don't add 2 exact cups of flour add like 2 and ¼ of a cup to it. Add instead of half a teaspoon of baking powder add 1 teaspoon of it so you're cake can be light and fluffy. Mix you're batter well if you just mix it until it is creamy at the top no mix near the sides because some flower will get stuck to the sides of the bowl and be raw and that is not good for your body. Also when making a cake when it looks done it can be not may not be done you can see if the cake is done if you use a toothpick or a knife to check just insert it in the middle if it comes out clean it will be done if pieces of batter are stuck to it leave it a few more minutes. always be creative and make it count.

Lastly to have fun just do the following you can pretend that you are the best chef and make you're cakes frosting look like anything. You can have some background music and dance while you cook or mix the batter to the beat of the song. Make your house look like a bakery decorate your cake with fun edible candies. Do it your way.

In conclusion baking is important because you won't be having cake your kids parties no dessert at restaurants and no fun warm snack to eat as a midnight snack. That is why you should always do when baking Read all the instructions so you won't burn your house down, make magnificent desserts and always have some fun that is why baking is important.

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Forensic Research Paper

Contents

Cause and Manner of Death
Implications of Forensic Anthropology
Odontology
Determining Age of Subject
Identifying Human Remains
Bite Mark Analysis
Conclusion

The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the various components of forensic anthropology and odontology in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the overall reliability of these disciplines. Research obtained from various sources including, textbook, peer reviewed articles and the National Academy of Sciences Report are examined in an attempt to explain how the field of forensic odontology, more specifically the discipline of bite mark analysis is not considered to be a reliable or credible source in the criminal justice system.

There are many disciplines in forensic science. Some have been scientifically proven to be reliable while others are still facing scrutiny. One of the disciplines that have been deemed reliable is Forensic anthropology. Although some aspects of it still do not give 100% factual information, the information it does provide is an estimate. Those estimates still give investigators enough information about the skeletal remains that they can usually start moving forward in the investigation. A subcategory of anthropology is odontology. Usually these two disciplines work closely together when identifying human remains, especially if there are teeth involved. Although forensic odontology is an essential aspect in helping identify human remains, the bite mark analysis aspect can be very unreliable and varies from case to case. The inconsistency of bite mark analysis makes that area of odontology unreliable. This paper will examine how forensic anthropology is used in criminal investigations to help identify human remains. Also, it will examine odontology. Finally, it will examine the unreliability of bite mark analysis.

Forensic Anthropology is the scientific discipline that applies the methods of physical anthropology and archeology to the collection and analysis of legal evidence. It is a specialty within physical anthropology and it involves the processing and analyzing of human skeletal remains to assign biological identity and to describe the state of the remains. The remains they examine are often absent of flesh or the flesh remaining has decomposed to a point where an autopsy is not possible. Therefore, the skeletal parts rarely offer any evidence of the actual physiological events leading to death. Forensic anthropologists are not often in a position on their own to determine the manner and/or cause of death, however, they do work closely with other forensic and/or medical professionals such as pathologists to accomplish this task.

Unlike other forensic science disciplines, anthropologists deal with the skeletal remains to try and identify who the subject is. There are certain bones that can help indicate a subject’s age, sex, race and stature. The ultimate goal is for the anthropologist to be able to identify all of these characteristics to build a profile of the subject. There are several ways to identify the age of the victim, but according to Burns (1999), “no aging method is even close to being 100% accurate” (p. 150). Therefore, the anthropologist must give an estimated age of the subject. Even though it is just an estimate, it still gives the investigators enough information to work with, especially if the other characteristics are identified.

Along with identifying the age of the subject, the sex of the subject is just as essential. Identifying the sex of the victim is a little easier than age because there are fewer alternatives. If the deceased is an adult, the probable sex can be determined by examination of the pelvis, skull and other bones (Killam, 2004, p. 5). When the anthropologist determines the sex via the remains, it eliminates potential subjects as well as narrows down the possibilities of whom the remains belong too.

Another important characteristic that should be identified in order to help the investigation of identifying skeletal remains is race. However, the identification of the subject’s race can be difficult since the skeleton does not have any distinctive characteristics that define racial characteristics (Siegel & Mirakovits, 2011, p. 262). Most of the recognizable racial traits are found on the head, but body types and proportions vary as well (Burns, 1999, p. 152). Although determining the subject’s race is difficult, once the race is established – just like age and sex, it further narrows down the possibilities of whom the remains belong too.

The final characteristic that contributes to the identification the skeletal remains is the stature of the subject. Stature can be measured by using several reliable methods. If the skeleton is still articulate, then the length can be measured. If it is disarticulated, but the head, spine, pelvis, and at least one leg bone is present, then the individual bone heights can be measured. (Sorg & Haglund, 2009, p.115). Although the stature of the victim is viable piece of information for the investigators, sometimes there are implications with the use of stature. The estimate of the stature may be accurate, but the records of the missing person are entirely wrong (Burns, 1999, p. 157). This could lead to the incorrect identification of skeletal remains. However, not all missing people reports are wrong. Therefore, the use of stature is still a significant piece of information when trying to identify the skeletal remains.

Cause and Manner of Death

Even though forensic anthropologists aren’t legally allowed determine cause and manner of death, they do work closely with the pathologist and/or medical examiners to help identify the critical events that may have taken place that caused the subject’s death. They are able to contribute to the interpretation of skeletal trauma and make judgements regarding the timing of the trauma (Sorg & Haglund, 2009, p.117). If there are injuries to the bones, the anthropologists are able to analyze and possibly determine the nature of the injury.

Houck & Siegel (2006), suggest that “one of the most important distinctions when analyzing the skeletal remains is determining the difference between ante-mortem (before death) and post-mortem (after death) injuries” (p. 213). Ante-mortem injuries are easily identified because there is evidence of healing of the bone. Since the majority of people experience injury at some point in their life it is easy to compare an ante-mortem x-ray to a post-mortem x-rays (Siegel & Mirakovits, 2011, p. 266). Although post-mortem and peri-mortem (at time of death or near time of death) are more difficult to differentiate between, there are ways to distinguish a difference between them. Since there is no time for the body to heal there isn’t any sign of healing. Therefore, to distinguish between peri-mortem and post-mortem, the forensic anthropologist must identify if the injury occurred on fresh bone and not dry bone (Burns, 1999, p. 159).

Along with determining the time that the injury took place, the type of injury that occurred is just as important. A forensic anthropologist must first isolate evidence of skeletal trauma from natural variations and subsequently determine the nature of trauma (Davidson, Davies, Randolph-Quinney, 2011, p. 184). The trauma that forensic anthropologists’ usually examine is blunt and sharp force trauma as well as gunshot wounds and patterned injuries. Blunt force trauma produces impact marks or fractures and can fragment bones (Sorg & Haglund, 2009, p.117), whereas sharp force trauma produces “cutting wounds”. Each type of blade creates its own pattern of damage and other tools leave distinctive patterns, such as a hammer and screwdriver. Finally there is the gunshot wound, which is dependent on the type of weapon, projectile, range and trajectory (Burns, 1999, p. 160).

Implications of Forensic Anthropology

Although the methods used in forensic anthropology have been proven to be reliable when identifying skeletal remains and contributing to the determination of cause and manner of death, it has faced scrutiny because of several factors. One being that education is lacking in Canada. According the Hart House Report (2012), “to date there are no dedicated training programs or certification in the field offered in Canada”. Also, “it is impossible to obtain a graduate degree in this field in Canada” (p. 21). Since there are no training programs available it is hard for the forensic anthropologists to advance. If they do want to attend training they would have to travel elsewhere, where the training would be provided. Also, since it is impossible to obtain a graduate degree in forensic anthropology, the students interested in pursuing this career would have to go elsewhere, which could be a major burden and make students aim towards another career.

Another issue mentioned in the Hart House Report (2012), was that the facilities for the practice of forensic anthropology vary from province to province (p. 21). Also, since the discipline does vary from province to province it makes it difficult to mandate professional standards across the nation. However, every anthropologist report is reviewed by a forensic pathologist, as part of the peer-review process for all pathologist case reports (Hart House Report, 2012, p. 23-24). Thus, at least the reports are being peer-reviewed, which makes the legitimacy of the report that much more reliable in some aspects. It is concerning having a pathologist review an anthropologist’s report, considering pathologists normally aren’t specialized in the study of skeletal remains.

Along with the implications set out in the Hart House Report, there are some aspects of forensic anthropology that do have their shortcomings. A lot of the work anthropologist do is based on estimates. Even though this does potentially lead to the possibility of the human remains being identified, it can also lead to the subject not being identified because of the estimations or misinformation that is available to the investigators at the time. Also, some of the time, forensic anthropologists don’t have all the bones from the skeleton available. If they are missing the bones that are crucial in determining the identity of the subject, then the bones found are essentially useless.

Odontology

According to Siegel and Mirakovits (2010), forensic odontology is the examination of human dentition for forensic purposes, such as determining the identity of human remains, approximating the age of a person, analyzing bite marks, and examining the dental structure of a person suspected to be a victim of abuse. (p. 255). Siegel and Mirakovits (2010) suggests that odontology is part of forensic medicine and is used in law enforcement to estimate the age of a living or dead person and to uncover the identity of human remains especially when there has been a tremendous amount of trauma/damage inflicted upon them or subsequent decay to their body, often as a result of criminal activity or natural disasters (p. 268). Like forensic anthropology, odontology is used to determine age of the subject and help identify skeletal remains.

Determining Age of Subject

There are a few well-known and commonly used methods in identifying the age of a human being from their dental remains. According to Forensic Dentistry (1997):

Aspartic acid racemization has been used for age estimation based on its presence in human dentin. Most protein components in the body consist of L-amino acids, whereas D-amino acids have been found in bones, teeth, brain, and the eye’s crystalline lens. D-amino acids are believed to have a slower metabolic turnover and subsequently a slower decomposition rate. (p. 3)

This research emphasizes the fact that human teeth possess D-amino acids, which subsequently slow down the rate of their decomposition after death. The fact that teeth decompose at a slower rate in comparison with the rest of the body is what allows experts in the field to use them as an accurate source in predicting an individual’s age.

An individual’s age can also be determined by the development of the subjects teeth. According to Burns (1999), “tooth formation and eruption are very useful for determining the age of infants, children and young adults.” (p.122). However, there are individual differences and population differences. In addition, Forensic Dentistry (1997) explains that “Maples (1978) reported on an improved technique of using dental histology for estimating adult age by using multiple regression analyses…. “ (p. 4).

Identifying Human Remains

Forensic odontologists have been an essential aspect in helping identify skeletal remains. Sometimes all that is left behind for evidence is the teeth of the subject. With only this evidence to work with, the odontologist is called upon to process the remains. Since teeth are made of enamel, the hardest substance the body produces, and can survive severe conditions and still be viable for analysis (Houck & Siegel, 2006, p. 207-208), they become a significant piece of evidence used in the identification of unknown subjects. .Even though teeth are just another part of the skull, the amount of info in one tooth makes it a subject unto itself (Burns, 1999, p. 110).

One way to identify the remains is to compare post-mortem x-rays with ante-mortem x-rays, like in forensic anthropology, this comparison can lead to the identification of the subject. Since most people regularly visit their dentist they have dental records and x-rays that on file, which can assist in an investigation (Houck & Siegel, 2006, p. 210). Also, if there is a little bit of tissue left on the teeth, then it may be extracted from the teeth and used in combination with other technologies to positively identify the individual. In the event that no tissue can be obtained from the dentition and no similar dental records can be found, it is still possible to identify the race and sex of the individual in question. According to Forensic Dentistry (1997):

Sex differences in dentition are based primarily on tooth size and shape. Male teeth are usually larger, whereas female canines are more pointed and have a narrower buccolingual width. There also appear to be greater differences in size between maxillary central and lateral incisors in females as compared to males. (p. 10)

In regards to identifying the race of an individual through dental remains, Forensic Dentistry (1997) suggests that:

Both the mandible and dentition reflect racial characteristics. The most useful racial clue in dentition is “shovel-shaped” incisors found in most Asiatic Mongoloids and Amerindians and in less than 10% of whites and blacks. Tooth size and shape including shovel tooth incisors, Carabelli’s cusp or tubercle, enamel pearls, and dental pulp shape (taurodontism vs. cynodontism) have been listed as racial determinants. (p. 11)

Bite Mark Analysis

Although there is controversy around bite mark analysis, they have been used to identify victims and assailants from the beginning of recorded history. However, the research of Avon (2004) indicates that bite mark patterns must be clearly recognizable and distinguishable in order for them to be used as evidence and that there isn’t a universally recognized method for bite mark analysis among the scientific community. Because there is no single method for the analysis of bite mark evidence, the particular method used would depend on the circumstances of each case and on the preference and ability of the analyst (p. 456). Therefore, a positive bite mark does not convict a suspect of a crime. It only places the victim and the suspect in intimate proximity (Glass, 2009, p. 94).

Even though bite mark analysis has been use in several cases that led to convictions throughout the years, the credibility of it is still disapproved by some in the forensic science community. According to Lock (2012):

Bite mark evidence, as with most forensics, is a discipline based upon conclusions resulting from flawed inductive reasoning and an absence of true scientific and statistical validation. In addition to that, the discipline has been woefully lacking in controls on process, procedure, and competence. In the field of forensic odontology, as recently as 2010, the following problems still exist with bite mark analysis: New forensic odontologists have too little experience in bite mark analysis, there is no requirement to seek second (or third) opinions in bite mark cases, and there is no mandatory proficiency testing for certified forensic odontologists. The major issues are that human dentition has not been scientifically determined to be “unique’, and human skin is so flexible, compressible, and expandable that it cannot be relied upon to accurately maintain and display an impression made on it. (para. 4-5)

The National Academy of Science Report on Forensic Odontology (n.d.) indicates that:

The uniqueness of human dentition has not been scientifically established, the ability of the dentition, if unique, to transfer a unique pattern to human skin and the ability of the skin to maintain that uniqueness has not been scientifically established, the ability to analyze and interpret the scope or extent of distortion of bite mark patterns on human skin has not been demonstrated, the effect of distortion on different comparison techniques is not fully understood and therefore has not been quantified, and a standard for the type, quantity, and number of individual characteristics required to indicate that a bite mark has reached a threshold of evidentiary value has not been established. (as cited in Locke, 2012, para. 6)

Therefore, this aspect of odontology can be deemed unreliable and needs further research to be recognized as a valuable piece of forensic science.

Conclusion

The discipline of forensic anthropology has been around for hundreds of years in helping identifying skeletal remains. The aspects of forensic anthropology have been proven to be reliable source of scientific information and have gained credibility in the forensic community. Forensic anthropologists are able to identify several characteristics which helps lead to identifying skeletal remains. They can identify the age, sex, race, stature of the victim and sometimes the cause and manner of death. This information has led to positive identifications throughout the years. Although forensic anthropologist play a key role in the forensic community they still face some scrutiny because of the lack of training, accreditation and education available in Canada. In addition, there are no professional standards set out and the practice varies from province to provinces, which can lead to questioning in the courtroom when forensic anthropology is being used as evidence. Overall, forensic anthropology is an essential discipline in the forensic community and criminal justice system.

Working closely with anthropologist, forensic odontologist are another key aspect in the forensic community. Like forensic anthropology, odontology has been around for hundreds of year and has proven to be a reliable forensic discipline. However, there is one sub-category of odontology which isn’t considered to be creditable. That is bite mark analysis. Bite mark analysis has been used in some cases which have lead to convictions, but overall it doesn’t have much credibility in the forensic community or criminal justice system. Therefore, bite mark analysis needs further research and procedures to make it more credible and reliable.

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Essay about STEM Education

When looking at which area to work in, STEM seems like the most beneficial option due to all of its advantages. The STEM branch is dedicated to the different sciences, and engineering. STEM jobs are being described as those for technology and the support in them.

Being a part of the STEM branch guarantees more career security, a chance to work in a diverse area, and a high pay. In recent years studies have shown that the employment growth has and will continue to expand for those who have STEM or STEM related jobs. Although there is employment, there is also the unemployed group that hopefully will be going down due to the demand of STEM in our world when compared to those of other jobs not related to STEM. STEM is made up of many types of work areas that all impact our world, in recent years it has been noted that it is divided into 4 main groups. The four groups being: computer and math, engineering and surveying, physical and life sciences, and STEM managerial occupations; with computer and math containing the most based on world demand for advancements in technology. Due to the demand of more STEM jobs there has been a significant increase in employment and earnings. Employments for STEM or STEM related jobs have increased greatly compared to the increase in other jobs.

Earnings for those in the STEM field are also higher than those in a non-STEM field. It has been shown that even with an education recognition as basic as a high school diploma guarantees a higher pay than jobs in a non-STEM area. The final result has been that STEM workers receive large earnings even with less than a college degree compared to other jobs. The truth is that the education level a worker has when working in a STEM field doesn’t matter what type it is because studies show that they earn higher payment than those with the same education level but in a non-STEM job. When one starts to think about choosing the field to work in, you have to consider your past interests. That’s why it has been shown that those choosing a STEM degree usually are led to a STEM job. Although some that choose a STEM degree sometimes don’t go for a STEM job. As announced before, STEM workers earn significantly more than those in non-STEM jobs; but what about those with STEM degrees working in non-STEM jobs? The ones with STEM degrees even when not working in a STEM job have been noticed to still receive a better pay than others. All these benefits from STEM sound great, but there are still those that don’t have jobs. As said before, the demand of STEM advancements have contributed to the decrease in STEM unemployment. Part of the reason why STEM workers are being needed more and more is because of their educational attainment. It has been demonstrated that those usually working in STEM field have a bachelor’s degree or higher which makes them seem like a bigger asset to those hiring.

In the conclusion, the development we have experienced in our world has been accomplished by those working in the STEM area. The STEM work field has changed our nation’s way of living specially our economic ways. All of the studies and searches done have demonstrated that STEM is the future, and it will change our world for the better.

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Reliance and Respecting your Parents

My goals for this paper are to conclude the effects of reliance before and after parenting the child in their childhood to adulthood. Understanding how a child relies on their parents can be interpreted on the parent's parenting styles. The different parenting styles can alter all sorts of things during life from social development to morals. The importance is excruciating as it will structure their whole lives. For decades, the medical community has understood the important influence an individual’s environment has on their health. This has led to many health promotion interventions which focus on improving health by improving the environment of a community. It has also led to increasing calls for future health promotion efforts to move beyond attempting to change individual behaviors and instead focus on creating healthy environments, which are conducive to health.

An individual’s social environment, including the social relationships, can also have a profound impact on the quality of parenting, which in turn affects a child’s health development and future achievements. Parenting styles can influence whether a child succeeds or merely survives. There are different styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful. The authoritative parent is considered the perfect parenting style. The parent allows the child to act independently under their supervision, allowing for the parent and child to create a bond that the child will go the parent for survival, help, and comfort. Children are given positive reinforcement and praised for good behavior but not doomed if wrong is done as most authoritative parents let the children help consider and decide the punishment for misbehaving. The parents are warm and responsive, set clear rules, have high expectations, are supportive, and value independence. This style shows high responsiveness and academic performance, more self-esteem and social skills, and less mental skills and delinquency. The authoritarian parenting style may be an effective parenting style in theory, however like communism, it is not as effective in practice. Children need to learn through friendships and develop social skills. Being able to connect to the outside world expand the mind and imagination, giving the children skills that help them think critically. The parents set strict rules, expect blind obedience, set high expectations and are usually unresponsive to the child. There are many negative outcomes that come out of this style of parenting like lower academic performance and self esteem, poorer social skills, mental illnesses, drug/alcohol abuse, and delinquency. On the other hand, being a permissive parent can also damage the child’s development. While letting the children succeed on their own, they provide the child with a lack of drive and motivation to achieve. The parents are warm and responsive, set few or no rules, are indulgent and lenient. The negative effects of this style can lead to the child having impulsive behavior, being egocentric, having poorer social skills, and experiencing problematic relationships. Lastly neglection or uninvolved parenting is the most harmful style of parenting. The child gets nothing of what they desire, and the parent aids to none of their needs. A negligent parent is cold and unresponsive, sets no rules, and is uninvolved and indifferent. The can lead to the most severe cases of impulsive behavior, delinquency, drug/alcohol abuse and suicides. Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles, and the effects these styles have on children.

I chose my mom, interviewee A, because of my somewhat unique situation of having split parents having to try to play the safe side of both roles separately. My parents often took to the authoritative style, which is known currently as the most successful approach. The authoritative parent is involved in their child’s life and is accepting as well as sensitive to their needs. Sometimes, I could see my parents as being authoritarian, which is common because many parents find a kind of medium between these two styles, my mom was one of them. I chose my stepbrother Dimitri, interviewee B, because he was still in the midst of relying on his parents for everything and anything as most sophomores in high school without a job do. I assume interviewee A would react with an ambitious long memory recall that lead to a longer interview as expected. As she is in adulthood she does not rely as much on her parents as she did when she was in her childhood. When recalling the memories they may not be as descriptive information as if it was a fresh memory yet, most people can recall the worst time they misbehaved. But I was under the assumption that most children get in trouble with their siblings as that’s what it was in my case but when trying to recall that event most people recall times individually as you did not share that hardship with a sibling but rather individually dealt. Therefore when asked for the siblings involved in the worst behavior it was more difficult to recall. I assume interviewee B will react more diligently and outgoing as having a different background, age, and lifestyle than interviewee A creating for the most indulging of comparisons throughout the interviews. Furthermore, interviewee B has the ability to include certain memory recalls and reliance structure than the opposing interviewee. Most questions for interviewees A and B were valid in the coherence of the questions’ suitability for both interviewees. While I was structuring what to research I had some questions. When figuring whether to incorporate my full intentions of the questions to the interviewees I was curious if it would alter the answers I would receive. I decided not to reveal my main objective until after the last question which would then serve as a “self realization” question answering what types of parent style they think they were exposed to after answering the previous ones about their lives. The relationships between both interviewees and their parents are quite different. Interviewee A’s parents are straight off the boat from Italy and had had children after making a secure life in America, while interviewee B’s parents were younger than most when they had kids in America with a Greek and Puerto Rican background.

What I found most interesting in this topic is diversity because due to the amount of withstanding data on Italian and Puerto Rican backgrounds in parenting there is enough evidence to conduct another hypothesis. The differences in reliance and development many nationalities and ethnicities raise their kids differently and with different exposures. Interviewee A is my mother and Interviewee B is my step-brother. My mom is an adult living about a mile from her parents house and my step-brother is a sophomore in highschool living with his mom and dad sometimes. Since they both come from completely different everything and I live with them, that it would be easier and more knowledgeable to compare but with a strategy. In order to conduct the interviews successfully I had to sustain their attention while trying to get concrete answers to the ten questions I had previously written. I wasn’t making them do any busy work like surveys or have them complete a random task. My interview was more about the in depth therapy questions I would be asking them, where I try to appeal to them as individuals and kindheartedness as their family member. I found these features crucial to the validity and detail of the I would be given from them. My strategy was to ask broad questions at first, like question one, “How often do you depend on something from your parents?”, to break some ice and give the interview a niche as I got to the important questions, like question nine, “What type of parenting did your parents use and what would you have preferred?”, for my actual research.

At first I thought this would take not longer than about thirty minutes. But this was not the case in both interviews as interviewee A took about forty-five minutes and interviewee B lasted about an hour. Since the interviews were face to face this made the contact and emotion of tone and expression easy to note in order to decide how to word the next questions and get the most out of the answers. The reactions of the interviewees at first were confused and impatient. Interviewee A was more ambitious in the fact that she wanted to go to bed after the interview being around nine at night, leaving her somewhat tired and restless during it. Yet interviewee B was interviewed in the middle of the day around three but felt he had better things to do than be interviewed about his parents. The most revealing of questions were asked near the end of the interview. When asked for question seven, “Describe the worst behavior you’ve acted to your parents that greatly affected your relationship, and what happened afterwards?”, both interviewees A and B had very different answers. Interviewee A answered exactly with, “I started talking back as I got older, being disrespectful and created distant between us because it would hurt them. We had to find common group without punishment because I was getting older and making more realizations as being a helpful daughter and for myself because I knew that they were a different generation and they were strict and needed to learn on my on in moderation of what my generation was doing.” Typical to come from a mother when interviewing a son on parenting but this was an uncovering of information that bases my regret and sympathy towards a parent. Yet interviewee B did not show this in his answer. Instead to question seven he answered with, “One time I was playing my PS4 and I charged something on my account and her card was hooked up but I used a gift card to add to my balance but when it charged there was tax and it was charged onto my moms credit card. Her being on the couch upstairs at the time called me on my phone to say that she got a notification for forty-seven cents on her account, yelling and screaming. So we went at it for about ten minutes and even my brother got involved until I called my dad and had him pick me up. We didn’t talk for awhile but now everything is good. I don’t use her credit card anymore and I don’t need it either.” Again this is typical for a teenager to say about getting into an argument with his mother and having the show of power and strength and independence most teenagers do at that time of adolescence. Yet these predictable answers helped to plant the seed for their next question. Question eight consisted of asking the interviewee, “Would you consider your childhood as stressful and cold, or comforting and warm? Did this change(age, etc), and what affected this change?”. Interviewee A responded with, “Yes stressful and cold

. I experienced peer pressure around some friend groups as well as parent strictness because my parents weren’t lenient or knowledgeable about a teenagers lifestyle in America. I worked full time to help provide for myself and my parents and would often come home alone with nobody home because they used to go out to their friend’s houses. My life was always go, go, go. They never changed because I didn’t really grow with my parents because they stayed stuck in their own immigrant world and never really grew with me throughout all my days and all the changes that I went through from when I was little to starting college. When I had a family of my own they looked at me differently and kind of realized then and their that I was a different mother to them as you kids grew up as well.” Interviewee A exhibits an answer that shows the full spectrum of reliance on her parents throughout her childhood years. Her experiences and realizations show her experience in parenting from her own experiences and what she experienced. There’s no lack of knowledge about the involvement of both sides in the parenting formula. Interviewee B responded to question eight exclaiming, “Definitely stressful and cold and I don’t think it’ll ever change until I leave this house. When I was younger I was afraid of my parents. My father would scold me if I ever misbehaved. My mother would sometimes come at me with her shoe. I kinda live in a constant fear so I keep to myself most of the time and barely conversate.” Interviewee B exhibits an answer that shows the full spectrum of reliance on his parents throughout his childhood years as well, yet doesn’t result in the same amount of sympathy being given. The reliance on his parents are far superior to those of interviewee A. His response also shows his what he finds important in his life at the moment which would be friends and video games. His response shows no present or future improvement until separated, as he stated in his first sentence. He lastly fears to be in a constant fear where he isolates himself (video games) in order to find positive reinforcement and bondness from his friends.

The main purpose of this topic is to research the amount of reliance a child has on their parent at certain time periods in their lives. In order to find how that reliance was constructed there was a set of interview questions that was presented to the interviewees. Many insights were surfaced in the interviews leading to many breakthroughs in the observations in correlation with their reliance amount. Parenting has an ability to bring a child to success or hold them in negligence. Psychology Today states in their successful parenting section of their article “Parenting”, “To parent effectively, it’s not enough to simply avoid the obvious dangers like abuse, neglect, or overindulgence. Numerous studies suggest that the best-adjusted children are reared by parents who find a way to combine warmth and sensitivity with clear behavioral expectations. Parents may find the Four C’s to be a helpful acronym: care, consistency, choices, and consequences.” These can be most helpful in expressing a healthy relationship and child. There has always been a controversy over the fact that parent just, “Don’t get it”, as was the case for interviewee B. “Misperceptions are a natural part of parenting. Mothers and fathers see their children as they want to see them—often, as they've seen them since birth... There is no single cause of parental misperceptions, but one place to start looking, experts agree, is in the mirror. As egocentric creatures, we see the world through the perspective we know best—our own. We have far more information about ourselves than we do about other people, and this influences our assumptions and judgments about the people we interact with every day, our offspring most definitely included.” (Friedman) I found this true as interviewee A was experiencing breakthroughs as she was answering modern questions about her parents that were hard to answer due to their “old school” upbringing leading to many misconceptions in her childhood as she described. Interviewee B’s response to question eight influenced me to conduct me research on the effects of hitting your children and the information surfaced is concerning. “Hitting children teaches them that might makes right... Adults frequently get out of control when they hit children...

Hitting your children may stop their bad behavior but will damage them and your relationship with them in the long run... It is illegal to hit children in over thirty countries worldwide, but entirely legal in the U.S... There are more effective ways of getting the behavior you want.” (Cummins Ph.D) This information is relatable to the study and location as interviewee B is exposed to this parenting styles and these possible effects. Interviewee A responded to question seven like any normal teenager would that they were the type to occasionally take risks and “free themselves” from authority, if it wouldn’t be doing one thing, it would be another. Yet some teenagers don’t feel this need to break authority while some experience this too much, this can be unhealthy. Repeatedly, parenting influences these sentiments. “But we will be better served, I think, when we steer our kids towards healthy risks (e.g., the gymnastics or football team, playing in a rock band, performing theatre, rocking climbing on the weekends with proper gear, etc.), which can sometimes be dangerous but are nothing compared to driving drunk or having unprotected sex. I want parents and teachers and clinicians to recognize that most kids are driven to take some risks (although there’s a lot of variation), so we need to be a bit more empathic, structure our world so that we can protect our kids, and find healthy ways to channel need for speed.” (Pierre M.D.)

The interviewees both represent experiencing this phase, as teenagers will experience times of risks and leaving their comfort zone to continue to adulthood under their parents. Pierre makes valid ideals in the exclamations on how important it is to maintain surveillance of the risks taken as well to ensure guidance. Lastly, a study showed many of the effects of parenting with a qualitative approach, in other words naturalistic. This study explores the new trends of parenting style in the society and its impact on the child behavior. This research aims to enlighten parents with information on parenting style used in the society. The study consisted of fourteen male and 6 female interviewees. Many of these results unmask some difficulties in the current experiment. “During the process of interviews and transcription it was noted that respondent respond that the environment in which the children are brought up have the major impact on child behavior... In second case when asked by personal traits of child, most of the interviewee stated that social environment plays a role in shaping the personal traits of the child than parents self reflexive followed by inherited practices. The exploration of parenting knowledge, it has cleared that majority of people were aware with the term parenting and have the sound knowledge about parenting.” (Zaman, Rashid & Arslan, Muhammad & Malik, R.K. & Mehmood, Asif) The studies conducted showed many different traits of findings ranging from good parenting practices to the outcomes of a child's personal traits.

There are many factors that lead to the temperment, ability, and most of all development of a child, as every child is different. But the care that they receive from their parents are the most influential in the present and future reliance from that child. The opportunities provided to them, the environment they grow up in, and the support they receive from anything to individualistic change to a band-aid, a parent needs to be relied on to provide for all of that in order to a prevail a nourishing relationship with their child. Parents play the most vital role in the child’s life.

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Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis Essay

From the beginning to the end of Fahrenheit 451, technology rules everyday lives and free thinking is frowned upon. Society is obsessed with technology and its distractions that it brings. Despite the fact that today’s technological evolution has not yet caught up to the authors illustrations of the future technologies, there is a huge chance that present day society may indeed end up relying on technology in their everyday lives. In today’s world, everyone is stuck on their electronic devices such as huge TV screens, iPhones, electronic vehicles, and wireless earphones that distract you from real life in the present time. The novel Fahrenheit 451 predicts potential dangers these kind of technological distractions in today’s present time can do to people and society as a whole. Technological usage is at an all-time high and as a result human beings are using technology on the contrary. This type of negative technological usage is developing anti-social behaviors, lacking basic social bonds, forming compulsive obsessions, and can be detrimental in nature if used by the wrong hands for surveillance purposes.

Ray Bradbury illustrates to us the advanced technologies that are inside one’s home at the time. One of these advanced technologies are “parlor walls” that are in the house walls. These parlor walls for the most part take up a whole side of a room. This is where characters in the novel such as Mildred gets her soulless entertainment and many other forms of information. Mildred is obsessed with her technology and therefore she lacks basic social bonds with her husband Montag. This negatively affects Mildred’s personal relationship with Montag.

This type of innovative technology is damaging since it distracts Mildred from real life and its purpose. “He stared at the parlor that was dead and gray as the waters of an ocean that might teem with life if they were switched on the electronic sun. Now, said Mildred, my family is people. They tell me things; I laugh, they laugh! And the colors!” (69). In this quote, Mildred seems to be isolated from society since she perceives her other “family” as real. Her “TV Family” is depicted to be more important than her real family, but in reality the TV family is fake. Therefore, Mildred lacks basic social bonds with her husband Montag since her other “family” seems to be more important than her husband. Fahrenheit 451 predicts our current moment of technology by showing us these “parlor walls”. We may not have these parlor walls at the moment, but we as a society do communicate through walls on the internet such as social media. An example is Twitter and Instagram, these platforms use a “digital wall” where people can communicate with each other and view entertainment on demand. This can cause social bonds with others to diminish over time in the real world.

Furthermore, Characters in the novel usually walk around with “seashells” and “thimble radios” in their ears. These devices distract people wearing them with music and information being played on demand. As Montag became infuriated when trying to interact with his wife he thought to himself, “Wasn’t there an old joke about the wife who talked very much on the telephone that her husband ran out to the nearest store and telephoned her to ask what was for dinner? Well then, why didn’t he buy himself an audio seashell broadcasting station and talk to his wife late at night?” (39). This quote can be compared to today’s society as well. The situation of attempting to have a normal and decent conversation with someone wearing earphones or air pods which are wireless in today’s world. This type of behavior promotes anti social tendencies.

This illustrates a picture on how people such as Mildred are addicted to earphones, which are named “seashells” in the novel. The novel illuminates our current moment by demonstrating to us how earphones can create an isolated world. Individuals everyday use their own personal earphones to cancel out their surroundings and make it ever more private. This has made persons less social and more reserved, as you can see with Mildred and in real life. Today individuals use earbuds to listen to music or take a normal phone call. People would rather use a Bluetooth earpiece than to communicate in person.

In Addition, Electronic Surveillance is a game changer, the mechanical hound did its job perfectly when searching for its target. “Under the doorsill, a slow probing sniff, an exhalation of electric steam, the smell of blue electricity blowing under the locked door” (68). This happens when Montag is showing Mildred his book collection. The mechanical hound therefore picks up the “smell” of books as a target to find. In the text, the hound can be depicted as a symbol of a threat to society, being used in a dark manner to find individuals that are preyed upon. Lastly, this manifests the injustice use of technology in the novel. However, in our current time the mechanical hound can be seen as a symbol. It symbolizes the threat and destructive nature of technology. The hound can be distinguished as the dark side of electronic surveillance since it can find its targets and spy on them. However, Modern society now has TV shows about police and their activities that take place. Which can be compared to the mechanical hound, recording tapes of pursuits and actions of officers on their daily duty throughout their shift. Another real life example may be surveillance drones with weapons, drones can indeed be dark in nature and pose a threat to life by executing persons or illegal surveillance of individuals.

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Campus Sexual Violence

Sexual Assault on Campus is an issue that happens but does not get enough “light” shined on it as it should. This type of assault needs to be taken seriously and taken into the matter that the victim suffers not only physically, but also mentally and emotionally. In general, it not only happens to women but to men as well, although women are the ones who speak out. There are cases that try to go to court and get justice for the victim, the University let alone the system does not do justice that is enough for the victim but instead for the accuser. First, what is sexual assault? Some may not know but there are many forms of sexual assault According to the U.S. Department of Justice, “sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient.” (BestSchool). Victims of sexual assault on campus happen more often than you think and one would think that the school will help the victim fight for what’s right is like trying to find a needle in a haystack, little to no chance or it's going to take some real effort and patience although one thing that does remain the same is that it is never the victim’s fault. The actual assault is not typically a stranger, it is in most cases someone that is close to the victim, someone that the victim finds comfort or even security. “Roughly one in five women and 15 percent of men are assaulted on campus, according to the National Sexual Violence Resource Center” (The Inquirer), one in five women are assaulted. Can you picture that, those women can be your niece, daughter, cousin or even your neighbor can be part of that percent?

Being sexually assaulted in general can cause depression, anxiety, isolation, or attempted or completed suicide as chronic effects of surviving the assault. While trying to live a “normal” life like the doctors tell them to do or try, in the back of their heads they are still confused and still in shock as to what happened or what really happened actually happen to them. In the case of an ex-frat president, written by Amanda Arnold on The Cut, Jacob Walter Anderson who then was 21-year-old, was accused of raping a 19-year-old girl whose name will go by Donna Doe to protect her identity. According to The Cut, “Anderson's arrest affidavit, Donna Doe started to become “disoriented” at the party from the punch that someone handed her, after which Anderson took her to “a secluded part of the grounds behind a tent. Then, Doe told the police that Anderson forcibly sexually assaulted her after she lost consciousness.” Jacob Anderson originally, because the case took a wild turn, was facing 2 to 20 years in prison, as well as a $10,000 fine on each of his four sexual-assault charges. But, on October 15, he was offered a lenient plea deal for a lesser charge of “unlawful restraint” (The Cut). The lesser charge consists of three years of probation, not prison or jail time, a $400 fine, and counseling, but would never serve any jail time and would not have to register as a sex offender.

Anderson was facing a $10,000 fine and 20 years in prison at first, all went down to just $400 fine and counseling. State District Judge Ralph Strother accepted the deal, following the judge’s decision “Doe told the judge through tears “I am devastated by your decision to let my rapist Jacob Walter Anderson go free without any punishment”. Can you imagine you are at a party, having fun and someone hands you a drink and then you start to feel disorientated and you know something isn’t right that you even pass out? Probation and counseling were a way of letting Anderson off the hook all while the victim is thinking that it was her fault for attending the party, accepting a drink, for being there, for even being a girl even thinking that it was wrong place wrong time. The survivor’s family was shocked to learn of the plea deal in an email from Assistant District Attorney Hilary LaBorde. Judge Strother has given a lighter sentence to a man accused of sexually assaulting a Baylor student (The Cut). “He’s done so on at least two other occasions, CBS News reports: In 2003, he approved probation for a man who pleaded guilty to rape, and earlier this year he allowed someone to serve his 30-day jail sentence on weekends” (The Cut). It is the judge himself who has been lenient on the accusers of rape and so far, no one has come to an idea or an answer as to why he is doing that. The second case a Yale student Saifullah Khan, 25 was suspended by the university after being accused of sexually assaulting a female, who has name is not mentioned, classmate on Halloween night, 2015. “On, Wednesday, Khan was found not guilty of rape, following a court trial in which defense attorneys repeatedly attempted to discredit the alleged victim for drinking and not wearing a more modest costume.” (The Cut) The Department of Justice estimates that only 4 to 20 percent of the female college students who are raped report their sexual assault to authorities. The case also highlights the divided between the legal system and the #MeToo movement. Khan’s lawyers repeatedly asked the alleged victim how much she had to drink and why she was able to remember the assault but no other details, they insinuated that she had been flirting with Khan via text message days before the alleged rape. According to the Times, attorneys representing Khan tried to discredit the alleged victim, claiming she was the sexual aggressor. The lawyers not only are saying she “asked for it” without actually saying it, but they also showed off the complainant’s black cat outfit- her Halloween costume and asked why she did not wear something more conservative like in the Cinderella movie, in a long flowing gown. The way she is dressed is supposed to be an excuse for a female to be sexually assaulted or rape because she is asking for it when in reality the way a woman is dressed has nothing to do with getting a “man’s” attention much less to assault her, it is a way of freedom expression that artist can do or are doing. As the New York Times reports, the trial against Khan was noteworthy given just how few campus rapes make it to trial-and how rarely these cases involve open court testimony.

Although certain cases, such as that of former Stanford swimmer Brock Turner, do see the inside of the courtroom. Defense attorneys also accused Yale of using Khan as a scapegoat for the university’s previous mishandling of sexual-assault claims, and of course Yale declined to comment to the Register and an attorney for the alleged victim declined to comment to the Times. Now I know your mind is blown that things like this actually happen or that the statistics are really high and now you’re thinking of a way to find a solution to think of a solution that either the republicans or democrats can do is like trying to find a needle in the haystack simply because it has to be something that must take effect in all the universities, how can someone start on finding a solution to all the chaos? Well, the Democrats platform only dedicated one paragraph of the platform to sexual assault, “there’s some promising stuff in there: comprehensive support for survivors, and sexual violence prevention programs in colleges and in high schools. Most important, they promise a “fair process for all on-campus disciplinary proceedings.” (Revelist) Which they basically mean more justice for the survivors and hopefully no more book reports for those found responsible for rape. The Republican platform, however, avoids the use of the idea of on-campus proceedings altogether. “whenever reported, it must be promptly investigated by civil authorities and prosecuted in a courtroom, not a faculty lounge,” the platforms read. (Revelist) The Republican platform is that the questions of guilt or innocence must be decided by a judge and jury, with guilt determined beyond a reasonable doubt.

The idea of taking campus rape cases to court undermines the purpose of campus proceedings which are to show survivors that the school is serious about stopping rape; and keeping them safe on campus. Sexual assault on campus is happening as we speak despite not hearing a new case on the news. The new cases will not hit the news nor will it get the attention that it needs for a true change to happen unless the victim is someone’s child who is important. The victims suffer far more than the accuser does, let alone the accuser does not get punished accordingly. The victim will continue to suffer despite receiving counseling or help because it’s a trauma that happened to them. Even though they know it is happening across the world, but it never crossed their mind that it will happen to them especially on school grounds. Once you have become part of the community, it is hard to go back to live a normal life, just take a moment to think and imagine in being in the victim's shoes and knowing your accuser did not get punished the way they should be, instead basically getting a slap on the wrist and being told not to do it again. Sexual assault will continue to happen despite the world looks fine, but what one person does can make a change.

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Informative Essay on Makeup

There have been some rapid improvements in makeup over several decades. The first lipstick was invented during the Ancient Egyptian era (Edmonds, 2020). A modern lipstick was introduced in 1923 as Mason improved the formula (Sengupta, 2019). As a result, many women began applying extensive makeup, especially women who work as sales, stewardesses, or marketer in order to look attractive. For instance, Singapore Airlines requires its female cabin crews to put red lipstick, black eyebrows, and mascara on (Ha, 2017). Besides, influencers nowadays play an essential role in introducing new trends in makeup industry as they get paid partnerships with different makeup firms. As an illustration, both bright orange lips and schoolboy brows makeup reached its peak in 2014 after Huda Beauty introduced its new lipstick and brow powders (March, 2014). However, women should not apply makeup due to various reasons. First, makeup increases a woman’s financial burden. Second, makeup firms promote cruelty through animal testing. Third, women with makeup are more likely to be insecure. Fourth, women suffer from health problems caused by the usage of makeup.

Primarily, makeup adds a woman’s financial burden. According to Bowsher (2020), “The global average that women spend on makeup is $300,000”. Apart from that, women will spend more money to visit a dermatologist as they encounter several skin problems caused by using makeup, ranging from an allergic reaction to acne. The worldwide average cost to visit a dermatologist is $200 (Harth, 2019). Apart from the dermatologist fees, those women need to receive some treatments in order to remove scars caused by using makeup. It will cost approximately $1,550 in one visit (Cobb, 2019). In reality, women need to be involved in 10 sessions costing $15,500 (Palmer, 2018). The average of women's annual salary worldwide is $44,800 (Olsen, 2019). Women’s salary will remain unchanged as companies are less likely to attain a raise (Thorpe, 2017). In other words, it connotes that women merely earn $582,400 in their lifetime because women on average merely work for 13 years (Campbell, 2017). Even $600,000 alone is not enough because women might face some unwanted conditions that force them to allocate much money (Hagen, 2019). In other words, makeup will add women’s financial burden as makeup becomes another outlet of expenditures on them.

Furthermore, makeup firms treat animals arbitrarily by testing their products to animals. As a piece of evidence, rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, monkeys, and dogs are widely used to become victims in this practice. (“Which Animals Are Used in Cosmetics Tests?”, 2020). Guinea pigs’ sensitive skin will be rubbed with several makeup products before they are killed by laboratory staff. Meanwhile, rabbits are put in the laboratory with excessive lighting, which is contrast from the burrow, their natural habitat. Another torture can be found in rabbits as rabbit’s fur is shaved roughly until its skin becomes swollen before the makeup is applied to its tiny body (Humane Society International, 2013). The cruelty against rabbit does not stop here as a pregnant rabbit is not an exception to be tested. As a result, the test has killed those unborn bunnies. In other words, women support this animal testing if they use makeup. Therefore, women can stop this testing by not applying makeup.

Moreover, women with makeup have a higher chance of being insecure. Makeup firms advertise their makeup products by using both attractive models and sales promotion girls who polish their faces with makeup in order to make women purchase cosmetics. As a result, women put pressure on themselves because they incline to feel ugly after comparing themselves with those models and sales promotion girls. A research conducted by Brown (2020) remarked that, “Women who feel ugly is one of the signs that they are insecure with their look”. Celebrities are not the exception, as many of them are inevitably facing this issue. As an illustration, Kim Kardashian never wants her husband to see her without any makeup, although society agrees that she has a beautiful bare face (Hou, 2016). Apart from that, women with makeup have a slight probability of having children as the usage of makeup decreases the probability of getting pregnant (Ani, 2018). Therefore, women with makeup who face this infertility problem are most likely to feel insecure because women are considered as perfect merely if they can get pregnant (Harris, 2015).

Ultimately, women with makeup will encounter various health problems. To illustrate, women who apply multiple layers of fake eyelashes cannot wink. Consequently, women produce fewer tears, which increases the probability of getting an eye infection (Krucik, 2016). Hence, women with makeup start substituting fake eyelashes with mascara. In fact, the usage of mascara also has negative effects as it causes conjunctivitis, as well as other eye diseases (Sullivan, 2017). Besides, women who apply makeup expose themselves to individual chemicals because paraben in cosmetics triggers the growth of cancer cells that kills them gradually (Greenhauf, 2016). Additionally, women who do the morning makeup routine face a sleep deprivation problem, which weakens their immune system (Kingston, 2018).

Despite the disadvantages, some people believe that makeup is detrimental to women’s wellbeing as various makeup brands launch organic cosmetics products; therefore, women can put makeup on their faces. Indeed, organic makeup products are necessary better as women will not get exposure from the chemical ingredients. However, this argument is debunked as an investigation by Health Sciences Authority Singapore pointed out that makeup firms put on some respective toxic ingredients in their organic products to extend the expiration date (Huiwen, 2018). Therefore, Singapore has been halting all cosmetics products since that investigation. Besides, business ethics reveals that makeup firms are not necessary to list all the chemical ingredients in their products for marketing purposes (Switalski, 2014). In other words, it connotes that makeup firms merely include the safe chemical ingredients, although in everyday usage it will evoke a harmful effect. Therefore, there are no safe chemical ingredients at all.

To sum up, women should not apply makeup because women with makeup will encounter several problems. First, it places a financial burden on women. Second, makeup firms enable cruelty because they test their products to animals. Third, women with makeup incline to feel insecure with their bare face look. Last, makeup leads to several health issues. All women possess beauty in different ways as the beauty standard is shifting nowadays. In the past, society considered ugly women if they have slanted eyes. Today, women with monolid eyes are not covering their eyes with makeup as society accepts the fact that they are beautiful as well as women who have a crease in their eyelids. Thus, women can be captivating without any makeup, although they possess different facial characteristics. They merely need to plunge their head and reveal to the world that all women can conquer the same beauty without any makeup.

References

Ani. (2018, January 21). Love cosmetics? Beware, they may cause infertility, problems in pregnancy. Retrieved from https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/love-cosmetics-beware-they-may-cause-infertility-problems-in-pregnancy-118012100094_1.html

Bowsher, A. (2020, April 24). The amount of money the average woman spends on makeup might shock you. Retrieved from https://www.theloop.ca/amount-money-average-woman-spends-makeup-might-shock/

Brown, L. (2020, March 29). How to cope with being ugly: 12 honest tips to remember. Retrieved from https://hackspirit.com/how-to-cope-with-being-ugly/

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A Doll’s House Gender Roles

Henrik Ibsen, known as the father of modern theatre, was born March 20, 1828, in Skien, Norway, a small lumbering town. Henrik was the fifth child out of six children and his parents’ names were Knud Isben and Marichen Altenburg. His father was a successful Merchant in a small community and his mother his mother played the piano, painted and went to the theaters. At the age of 8 Ibsen’s family was thrown into poverty, due to problems with his father’s business. Once Henrik turned 15 he dropped out of school and moved to Grimstad, where he landed a position as an apprentice for an apothecary. While being at the University he drafted his first play called “Catiline”, was based off the Latin text that he studied an exam for. His first play was harshly criticized, but at the time Ibsen was struggling to discover his voice. Later down the road “Love’s Comedy” and “The Pretenders” were his first prosperous plays while attending the University of Christiania. Ibsen had traveled to many different states, including Italy, France and back to Norway; but he finally chooses to settle in Germany, where his most famous play was written, “A Doll’s House.”

On January 1, 1830, the industrial revolution had a big influence on France, Britain had forbidden exports of machinery, skilled workers, and manufacturing techniques, which possibly had an effect on Ibsen’s fathers’ company. Another event during that time it was an abundance of the revolutionary crisis in France due to political struggles and growing population manifested tension. During the year 1856, the peace congress held in Paris restored Paris as the diplomatic Centre of Europe. At the time the play, “The Feast of Solhoug (1856)”, had just been published, it was his first publicly successful drama. On July 19, 1870, Napoleon empathically declared war against Prussia. During that time Ibsen was living abroad, mainly in Rome, Dresden, and Munich, returning to Norway only for short visits in 1871.

One of the key points in the play, “A Doll’s House”, is the setting. Henrik wanted to give the audience a picture of a society that showed the inequalities that take place against women every day and everywhere. He felt the setting should reflect a universal place that could be replicated anywhere in the world. The time period is the Victorian Era, which takes place from 1837, when Queen Victoria rises to the throne of the British Empire, until her death in 1901. The setting of A Doll’s House is a Victorian, middle-class household in a city in Norway, during Christmas and New Year’s Eve. Throughout the play, the main characters Nora and Torvalds are mainly taken place in the kitchen, living room, their bedroom and the office. Henrik wanted to give the audience a picture of a society that showed the inequalities that take place against women every day and everywhere.

The two main characters in the play are Nora Helmer, which is the wife, and Torvalds Helmer, which is the husband. Throughout the play, both Nora and Torvald show a wide range of personality traits. The traits that stood out the most for Nora is her Strength, Childlike behavior and she values love over the law. In the first act of the play, Nora explains to her close friend Mrs. Linde, that she borrowed money from a longtime friend to make sure Torvalds health would get better. Torvalds has no clue that Nora did such an awful act until Mr. Krogstad comes into the scene. Krogstad is blackmailing Nora by telling her if she does not convince Torvalds to let Krogstad keep his job, he will take Nora to court due to the act of forging her father's signature. In this quote it explains how Nora values love or the law, “It was impossible; papa was so ill. If I had asked him for his signature, I should have told him what the money was used for; and when he was so ill himself, I couldn’t tell him that my husband's life was in danger—it was impossible.” (1.53) Towards the end of the play Torvalds ends up finding what Nora had done for him and he disowns her, and he is very appalled that she would do such a selfish act. Torvalds decides to take the kids away from her and wants to fake being happy in their relationship. Once Torvalds called Nora disgusting names, she decided to stand up for herself for once she had the strength and this quote explains how she displayed it by saying, “Indeed you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. /there is another task I must complete first. I must try and educate myself you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself and that is why I'm going to leave you.” (3.147) More explanation Nora finally realized that she was a doll in Torvalds house and how she never really had her own opinion or thoughts and now she is ready to learn about herself. Nora and Torvald are two very different people, some of Torvald character traits are that he is a belittler, shallow, and authoritative over Nora. At the beginning of the play Nora comes in from the store and Torvald begins to call her these playful names as if she was a kid. He then begins to tell Nora that she only belongs in the kitchen and if she cleans shell get money from him and that she doesn’t understand how to save money, but on the other end Nora was using the money to pay back the loan. Torvald demonstrates his belittling trait in the following quote, “You cannot deny it, my dear little Nora. It’s a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such a little person is.” (1.10) Towards the end of the play Torvald shows his true colors and emotions, Nora expected Torvald to sacrifice his reputation for her, but instead, he was shallow and muttered the words, “From now on, forget happiness. Now it's just about saving the remains, the wreckage and appearance. I shall not allow you to bring up the children, I dare not trust you.” (3.138)

The plot of the play is when Torvald finds out that his friend is about to pass away and finds the letter that Krogstad wrote to him about Nora’s legal actions. Once finally reading the letter Torvald began to yell at Nora and claim that her actions have ruined his life. This is the breaking point for Nora. The memorable event to me is as Torvald is calling Nora all these names and how everything is her fault Nora realizes that their marriage the life she is in does not make her truly happen. She is also thinking to herself while Torvalds is rambling that she spent so much time as a toy, always playing the part that Torvald and her dad wanted her to play. She began to tell Torvald that she wants to live this life no more and tells him she is leaving him, as soon as she said those words Torvald is practically begging for her to stay. I was astounded at the fact that he changed his tone from being shallow to begging for her to stay and I am also happy for Nora at the fact that she wants to learn about herself. What impacted the plot is when Nora expected Torvald to sacrifice his reputation for her as she did for him, but once Nora found out that Torvald was the not the guy she married she was in shambles and ready to leave him.

I recommend the play “A Doll's House” because the play displays a women's role and how they were underprivileged in the 18th century. The play expresses the typical family during the time and how women did not have a lot of roles in a household. I also like it because Nora's character, at the beginning she was just this doll being toyed around and at the end, she realized her worth, and I finally understood why the play was named A Doll's House. The critic Linda Martin opinion about the play was, “In this controversial literary works, strong women characters choose to leave the comfort of protective security to find the existence of their own.” (pp 1-4) Another critic Errol Durbach mentioned that “A doll's house envisioned the emancipation of men and women from the capitalist system with the abolition of class rule serving as a prerequisite for the abolition of sex rule.”( pp 15-18) Lastly, Donna Bortolini mentioned that the play was obligatory.

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Argumentative Essay against Child Labour

The rise in globalization has led to the rapid growth in the integration of societies and national economies further allowing businesses to operate on a global platform. Everest Pashmina is one such company located in Nepal that has dominated the pashmina export business. However, doing business in a diverse economy involves dealing with multiple stakeholders with varying socio-economic, and political values, experiences, and backgrounds which can bring in both opportunities and challenges for a business. Therefore, throughout the paper, I will be discussing a serious moral issue related to the use of child labour in Pashmina factories of Nepal. Further analysis will also be done based on ethical theories and discussing possible paths that could lead to the most optimal solution from an ethical and financial point of view. The solution will be mainly geared towards reducing child labour. This decision is being considered not only on the basis of the company’s reputation but to also devise a proactive response to try to reduce child labour as a global citizen and not just a Pashmina company.

Nepal is a developing South Asian and landlocked country between the largest economy and fastest-growing economy in the world China and India respectively. International trade plays a crucial role in the economic growth of Nepal and represents nearly 50% of the GDP. Pashmina, which is the finest, lightest and warmest wool found in nature, is the nation’s third-largest overseas export product. Almost every winter accessory is made using Pashmina wool. In order to make these final products, the entire process is arduous and time-consuming. The first part of the process involves extracting the wool from the Himalayan sheep which is then collected, dried, cleaned, and finally coiled into a yarn. In the second process, the yarn is washed, dyed (if necessary), and weaved into the product. Finally, the product is tweezed, washed, necessary designs (prints, embroidery) are included, and packaged.

Nepal also has the major problem of political instability and traditional caste system due to which income disparity, economic and gender inequality have always existed and still continues to exist. Pashmina factories are labour intensive and have high demands for workers. So, the demand is fulfilled by supplying people from low-income families into the workforce. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), about 21.6% (6 million) of Nepal’s population is still living under the poverty line. Due to high poverty rates, Nepalese children from a very young age are expected to contribute to the income source of the family. According to the United States Department of Labor, 34% of Nepalese children are involved in some type of child labour. So, in many cases, they work alongside their parents in factories. Similarly, because of the lack of education and job opportunities in Nepal, many parents want their children to join them at work. This is because they think providing their children with skills such as embroidery instead of going to school will be helpful in easily getting a job in the same line for them in the future.

The company I am focusing on is a handicraft exporting company known as the Everest Pashmina Knitting & Weaving Industry. It is the number one Pashmina exporting company in Nepal and the award for the highest exporter was received by the company for the 15th consecutive time in 2019. Without a doubt, the company is majorly contributing to Nepal’s GDP being a country that is heavily reliant on trade for economic growth. However, the use of child labour is prevalent in the factories of Everest Pashmina because I have personally witnessed it while walking past their factory which is located about an hour away from my home. I saw young girls sitting down with women making the embroidery patterns on the shawl while boys were in the yard with other men mixing chemicals and dying the Pashmina. It was mind-boggling to see it even though scenes like these are very common in Nepal. I could see it because the doors were open and this supports the whole idea of child labour being socially accepted in Nepal. However, the problem of child labour for an international exporting company goes beyond their profits and directly sheds light on the company’s ethical stance.

Despite child labour being extensively common in Nepal, Everest Pashmina being a well-renowned company faces an ethical dilemma. The company is in a position where two right situations conflict which is discussed below:

Individual vs Community: In this dilemma, there is a struggle between the needs of the individual and that of the community. Here, the individual is the company and the community is the children who work for the company. Being an exporting company their main goal is to maximize their production which will lead to an increase in exports. So, it is right for the company to use child labour as their inclusion in the workforce will help the company achieve its goal of production maximization. However, at the same time, children will be giving up their school time to work in the factory. So, it is also right for the children to get an education, increase their own productivity and broaden their knowledge which will help them get better jobs in the future.

Short term vs Long term: Within this dilemma, the company has the struggle of satisfying their current needs and that of the future. Almost everyone in Nepal is aware that children from low-income families need these jobs to support their families. So, in the short term, it is right for the company to satisfy the demands of the children by hiring them for the job. Accordingly, the company does become a source of income but exposes the company to long term reputational, legal, and financial risk. The export business is very competitive and the information regarding child labour use possible will be divulged unexpectedly. So, it is right for the company not to involve children as satisfying their needs directly puts a risk to the business.

Truth Vs Loyalty: Despite it being known that child labour is common in Nepal, customers mainly located outside of Nepal are unaware about the use of child labour in the manufactruing process of the products they use. As customers, when we are offered good products at an affordable price, we hardly question the low price. However, if the customers are made aware about the use of child labour then without a doubt some customers would not want to buy the product. So, in this case it is right for the company to be truthful to their customers and not use child labour in factories. However, at the same time the children along with their parents and even the Nepalese government is heavily reliant on the company for income. So, it is also right for the company to be loyal to both the government and its employees (children) by providing them opportunities for consistent income flow.

In Nepal, there are laws that prohibit child labour. One of the most important international agreements made was based on the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1990. Article 32 of the CRC deals specifically with child labour: “States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.” However, the problem in Nepal is that laws are passed and no follow up is done to see if it really is being implemented by businesses. So, because of the leniency and lack of responsibility, everyone disobeys the law.

To further analyze the situation it is important to approach it from an ethical framework. So, the ethical frameworks I will be using for the problem of child labour are:

Utilitarian framework: This framework focuses mainly on the outcome and is concerned with the greatest net good for the greatest number. In this case, the greatest number includes the employees involved. As mentioned above, despite the existence of laws, children are included in the workforce and are hence considered as employees. So, being an employee directly benefits the children as they can now support their families through the pay they receive. In this case, for the Utilitarian the greatest number is being benefited. So, solely focusing on the outcome child labour is not wrong and would suggest the company to involve children. They can further even reverse the situation of child labour by showing the company as doing a good thing and working towards for the best interest of the people and society in which they operate in by improving their economic conditions. Additionally, choosing to remove children from the workforce for the Utilitarian would be unethical especially if the child is contributing largely to the family’s income. So, the right thing to do for the company under this framework is to continue to use child labour as the outcome largely benefits the greatest number.

Deontological Framework: The framework also known as Kantian ethics is based on duty and rights. While using this framework for decision making it is important to consider choosing the course of action you would wish everyone to take in the situation you are in. So, the Kantian would argue that despite operating in a nation where child labour is not only acceptable but is required for economic reasons, including children in the workforce is unacceptable. This is because it violates the child’s right to education further hindering their development and well being as they are exposed to work pressure. The Kantian can further go on to personally connect the top-level executives with the children by suggesting the executives for once to place themselves in the children’s place to consider the difficulties and pain they are going through at such a young age. Accordingly, the right thing to do under this framework would be not to use child labour as it is immoral and violates the fundamental rights of the children.

Overall, the company is in dilemma on how to address the problem of child labour in a society which accepts it and simply choosing to put an end to by removing children from the workforce would further worsen the poverty situation of the people. So, the third option to the ongoing situation would be to solve the problem of child labour in a way that also addresses its root causes: poverty and illiteracy.

By seeing the problem from a first-hand perspective and considering the analysis from the above mentioned ethical frameworks, it can be understood that child labour is a systematic problem that is extremely difficult to solve as its deep-rooted cause — poverty which is yet another unsolvable global issue. While the political system in Nepal does need a huge overhaul, I am a strong believer in the fact that this needs to and can only happen in unison with changes done at the individual level. Every individual commitment is valuable and required. So, while Everest Pashmina cannot entirely change the system it can take the necessary steps to minimize child labour. Before moving on to the solution, some of the important things to be considered that are mentioned above are:

Due to poverty, children are compelled to work.
Many parents are illiterate. So, they encourage their children to work with them as they see it much beneficial.
Child Labour laws in Nepal exist but are not followed as there are no repercussions for disobeying the laws
Choosing to entirely end child labour would further worsen poverty rates
Ensuring safety of the workplace is a must

So, the company should move forward by considering these five main factors and implement a realistic solution that has both short and long term benefits for both the business and children.

I am aware that addressing the problem of child labour is complex and challenging. So, with this in mind, the third option I propose is by starting an educational program cooperatively with the government that directly aims at minimizing child labour by providing education which will eventually alleviate poverty. I believe that the government of Nepal will be compelled to work with the company if it explicitly mentions their contributions to the country’s GDP. Apart from government support, investment is required. So, Everest Pashmina can make a collaborative approach of working with external stakeholders (customers and community) by doing the following:

Fundraising/ Social Awareness Events: Child labour is a societal problem which requires collaborative efforts. The public also needs to be both involved and informed of the efforts made by the company and social awareness events can help achieve this goal. While at the event Everest Pashmina can voluntarily ask people for donations with the guarantee of them being regularly updated through progress reports about their impact towards a greater social good. While Nepal is considered a poor nation, some people are exceptionally affluent and they do attend many social events. It is all about trying to make an effort and people in the event recognizing the effort will most likely donate if not for the effort for their own philanthropic choice.

In-store donations: Most customers shop in physical stores where they can actually feel and experience the use of Pashmina products. So, during check out the store can include an option of voluntary donation for the program before they sign their purchase receipt in the card swipe machine.

In order to alleviate poverty, providing education to future generations is a must. In fact, this solution is also in the best interest of the children. So, education should be a priority as it not only reduces the time spent in factories but will provide children with the skills and knowledge which will provide them with better opportunities and for once allow them to dictate their future. The company will essentially be equipping them to take on the world.

According to the Nepal Child Labour report, It is estimated that nearly 40% of working children work up to 14 hours a week, 36% work from 15 to 28 hours and about 15 %work from 29 to 42 hours. This indicates direct harm on the psychological and physical wellbeing of children due to extensive labour work during their development stage. So, the first step to providing education is minimizing work pressure by providing work flexibility which allows children to attend both school and work. Likewise, another important thing to be considered is to make education accessible. In Nepal, public transportation is really bad and unsystematic. Children in many parts of Nepal have to walk through difficult paths during extreme weather events just to go to school. One in ten students in the outskirts of the capital city have to cross a river on a cable to come to class. So, the company should use the funds they earned through the social event and in-store donations to build a school which is in a commutable and safe distance from the factories. This is better for all as it is much more time-efficient allowing the children to get back to work at the appropriate time which will increase production compared to if the children had to walk for a longer distance.

An important factor to realize is that while providing education is a huge step towards addressing child labour, it can only be achieved when the children are encouraged to go to schools. This is because I know that some children work in hopes of helping their parents and siblings, especially when they only have one parent remaining. So, parents play a crucial role in making this program successful by encouraging their children to attend school. In some families it is extremely difficult to encourage parents to do so because of immediate financial needs. So, it is equally important to make parents aware of the importance of education. For this, the company should host an event that focuses on informing people the need of educating their children and the long term benefits it can have on the entire family. To further show that the company is truly invested in the future of their children, I believe setting up a scholarship program (through government aid) where a few exceptional children will be sent to colleges in countries like America would serve as an encouragement to pursue education. This will encourage children to be hardworking students. Furthermore, the company can also provide white-collar jobs within the company once the children complete their education (through the scholarship program or locally). As they get older and educated, they could even become the factory manager or choose a different path of being teachers in their schools and give back to the community.

Along with providing education, it is imperative for the businesses to be responsible for the health and safety of their workers. The working conditions of the factories are considered by customers when making purchasing decisions. With increasing economic inequality, everyone is looking to satisfy their needs at an affordable price but this necessarily won’t stop them from making an ethical choice. Personally, my mother and I both use Pashmina products but we do not buy it from Everest Pashmina. We instead buy it from a company named Moonlight Pashima. As I mentioned before, factories in Nepal are not really concealed as the doors are swung open. So, our decision is based solely by observing the working conditions of the children in the factory of Moonlight Pashmina which is safe. They are provided with masks and glasses which I clearly did not see when the young boys were dying the Pashmina at Everest Pashmina’s factory. So, the company should also be focused on minimizing any harm not only to the children but every employee. So, they need to provide all necessary protection such as masks, gloves and such to prevent the children and their parents from hazardous conditions. Creating this option to work under safe conditions will not only help the families, but it would serve as a split in the road breaking the cycle of poverty.

The problem of child labour has consequences for businesses, but it is also one of the important income sources many families in developing nations depend on for survival which is why it will continue to exist. However, the responsibility to acknowledge and address it must be taken by someone. Thinking in the shoes of the child and attempting to take the collaborative initiative of starting the educational program that addresses the problem of child labour and its root cause - poverty is imperative. So, I strongly believe that as a nationally recognized company, Everest Pashima with its influence has the potential to make a positive impact and motivate other companies also to balance profit and humanitarian efforts.

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What did 19th Amendment Women’s Suffrage Cause

In the history of the United States of America there has always been controversy in gender inequality and racial discrimination whether it’s segregation in schools, and the many walls that the typical “American family” stereotype has created towards women as a way to teach them where they “belong”. As time passes by, the world begins to notice what is right and wrong, so groups of people begin to demand equality and equal protection to everyone in The United States. Although all movements have small beginnings, the women's suffrage movement (voting rights) wasn’t the objection it was written by Renee Feinberg, but the movement and the amendment began to grow and to gain recognition by the people thanks to Alice Paul, and Crystal Eastman who were well known as leaders in the fight for Women's Suffrage who tried to prove to the states and the government that women were as capable as men in other areas outside the kitchen and housewife duties. However, an Amendment that could’ve give many women protections and opportunities in a world full of men was called ERA that happened to fail in June 30, 1982. It shocked many women and their supporters around the country, and people questioned themselves “ What went wrong?, “Why didn’t all of the required 38 states approved the Equal Rights Amendment?.”

First, in 1848 marked the beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement during a convention in Seneca Falls, New York. The Seneca Convention wasn’t the first to bring up the issues of women in society,in fact, there were other public conventions that talked about Women’s rights, but what makes this convention special is the fact that both women and men gather together thanks to Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott who agreed that they needed to discuss the role of women in our society. Most of the people who were engaged in the convention agree that women deserved their own political identity in society. In fact, during the convention they all made an speech which says, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” And with the the speech the Declaration of Sentiments was created and in the same it was signed by both men and women who attended the convention.

Then, after two years during 1850, the movement began to get recognition throughout the states, but it all went down in April 12, 1861 when the Civil War started, and during a period of 4 years the Women’s right movement lost strength as if it was forgotten, and so most of the members were starting to back out. But then, when the 14th and 15th amendment were introduced the members from Women’s Suffrage group had hopes that the 14th amendment would give them recognition by finally giving them the place they deserved. But then, they disliked its definition since it states that the 14th amendment extends the Constitution's protection to all citizens, but “citizens” is in the 14th Amendment defines all men as well as including men of color excluding women out of these protections and angered many women because of the fact “citizens” in the 14th amendment does not represent them leaving protections and equal treatment out of their reach meaning that they are seen as a men’s property to only follow their orders, as well as fulfilling the sexual necessities of a men. Later on, the 15th amendment is introduced and creates controversy amongst the Women’s Suffrage Organization since the amendment is giving black people the right to vote, and again women are left out of this issue even after they pursued the right to vote before the colored man. It created controversy amongst the organizations that were in favor of women’s right to vote, and so some of these organizations paired up with racist southerners groups who attacked the 15th Amendment with the white women vote to neutralize the vote of African-Americans.

In addition to these events, regarding the 14th and 15th amendment made drastic changes in the way that Women’s Suffrage Movement tried to archive their goals, and one of these new tactics was the creation of the National Woman’s Party on June 6, 1916, by Alice Paul, and Lucy Burns to fight for women’s suffrage. One of the main goals of this organization was to secure a better quality of life for women to be able to live in a world full of opportunities, and equality. One of the ways that NWP tried to achieve this goal was to pass the 19th Amendment which the main goal was to grant women the right to vote. Many women went to parades in which they were able to gain important public support and they stood in front of the White House with signs demanding the President that they should be heard, and they remained strong in front of the White house, but in some cases they were arrested and treated as any other delinquent in prison while they claimed to be political prisoners,but this never stopped them the movement remained strong with the mentality of going to every state,and show to the people that the 19th amendment should be ratified. Then after all of their efforts, one person who was against NWP was President Wilson, but then he decided to change his stance towards woman suffrage, and supported it as the movement gained power the 19th Amendment was moved to states for ratification in 1919, then adopted by the states in August 26, 1920 when the major of Tennessee decided to approved it thanks to his mother who told him to do the right thing for her and the many women around the country.

Lastly, after passage of the 19th amendment in 1923, the movement came up with the idea of Equal Rights Amendment better known as ERA, which would guarantee women and citizens equal legal rights regarding to their sex, so they can end discrimination between men and women in cases of divorce, employment, or shares of property, but this proposition is ignored for at least four decades until it’s revived by the new feminist group and manages to introduced the new revived ERA to congress in 1960, then with the help of U.S Representative Bella Abzug of New York, and two feminist Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem who took an important role to convince the House of Representatives to be able to approved it by the two-thirds vote of the Senate and it’s passed to the states for ratification. Unfortunately, the ERA didn’t pass ratification throughout the 50 states and the required ? of the states leaving only 37 states that ratified ERA and one who didn’t, and the reason why it didn’t is because during mid-1970 there was a backflash of conservatives led by Phyllis Schlafly who revolt a group of conservative women who were against this amendment with the excuses that ERA would not provided woman any more rights than they had been given by the constitution, as well as it would require women to register to draft to protect and serve this country just like men do,as well as it would bring out the issues of co-ed bathrooms who had some women worried since they would have the risk of being assaulted by men, but also some of the women who were against ERA was because it would take away previous legislations that were ensuring women safety in heavy labors, and the repeal of support laws for women.

In conclusion, ERA was not ratified due to the fact that they were betrayed by a group of woman who remained conservative and believed that the “little of protections” they had in this country could’ve been taken away with the ratification of ERA, and so all the struggle that many women like Alice Paul, Renee Feingber, Elizabeth Candi Staton, and many others went through becomes nothing just by the people including women who were scared enough to go for a change that could’ve bring new points of view of equality for both men and women, yet they decided to keep these “traditions” that were imposed by conservative parties to keep women in certain limits that would keep them away from moving on and live a life without the need of a men,and the unfair discrimination in the workplace . And so this leads us to the conclusion that as time passes this country will not change and that those one in power will not do the things because it won’t be favorable for them as they might lose power and influence in the society they want us to believe is the “right one” for us to live in, and because they know that in our current society we don’t fight for what we think is right and make our voice be heard, but if we take past events as examples and we decide to fight to let our voice be heard again, then they won’t have other choice but to hear us and do the right thing to change society since we have the power to change and claim what we think is right for us .

Work cited

“Fighting for the Vote- Women’s Suffrage in America Part 1,” Youtube uploaded by nyhisprof, 19 May 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Df5EGJysrq4 (“ Fighting” Part 1 1:54-2:25, 7:43-8-16, 10:38-13:42, 17:14-18:48)

“Fighting for the Vote- Women’s Suffrage in America Part 2,” Youtube uploaded by nyhisprof, 19 May 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAhh-y0VCNs&pbjreload=10 ( “Fighting” Part 2 0:57-1:48, 4:02-4:31, 6:06-7:22)

Baker, Debra. “The Fight Ain’t Over.” ABA Journal, vol. 85, 08, 1990, pp. 52-56. ProQuest, https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.imperial.edu/odocview/194391819?accountid=38876.

“Women’s Rights Movement.”National Park Service, 26 February 2015, https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/womens-rights-movement.htm

“The Women’s Rights Movement, 1848-1920.” History, Arts, United States House of Representatives, https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Historical-Essays/No-Lady/Womens-Rights/ . Accessed 6 November 2018.

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Conflict Theory on Immigration

The base of The Statue of Liberty reads, “Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” --Emma Lazarus, 1883. This has established the base of The United States of America. Not only does this enforce ideals such as freedom of religion, but also equality of race and ethnicity. As a country formed on such ideals that support immigration, it would be hypocritical to turn against accepting others.

The reasons many have immigrated to the “land of opportunity” or America, are simple, the country offered jobs, land, and freedom. A place where anyone can come with an equal chance to make a home for themselves. Not only this, but America offers new job opportunities that allow foreigners the ability to flourish. In today’s age, with no clear immigration enforcement, that is not so certain. Not everyone is welcome to the United States anymore. This issue affects immigrants coming from unstable countries, mainly Mexico. “Other immigrants are coming from are India, China, and Cuba” (Lopez). The issue most people have with immigration is the sense that it is overpopulating the country, people are taking advantage of resources and others are creating an upset in wages. As a country which originated solely through immigration, it is hypocritical of America to stop accepting others. In addition to this, American values that citizens take pride in- such as equality and opportunity- will be abandoned if immigration secedes. To act so hypocritically as a country, America would lose dignity in not standing behind its original values (McConnell). Immigrants should be given a more efficient guest worker program so we are able to properly and legally manage foreign workers that come into the country.

During the 19th century, most immigrants came from Europe. Throughout the years, there have been waves of different people moving to the United States, such as the Irish and Chinese in the mid 19th century. Following the Spanish-American war, mass controversy concerning American borders arose. More recently, immigrants traveling to the United States mostly come from India, Mexico, China, and Cuba. The Rule of Naturalization, created in 1970, allowed 'any alien, being a free white person' and 'of good character' who had resided in the United States for two years to become a 'citizen of the United States' by taking an oath in court 'to support the constitution of the United States” (Salvato, 7). This law is a social contract, in theory, that is an agreement of individuals to live under a certain government that will make and enforce the laws. As our country expanded, groups of people were naturalized as a result of land given up. Legislation was passed that denied entry to anyone with diseases, crimes and many other specific criteria. “The 1924 Immigration Act was more restrictive, allowing around 150,000 to enter the United States. Those of Anglo-Saxon origin made up over two-thirds of the quota and no Japanese were allowed entry (as had been true of the Chinese since 1880). Those of Southern or Eastern European origin were extremely limited. (Salvato, 13). In 2004, President Bush proposed a temporary guest-worker program in which, 'Immigrants willing to work in jobs for which U.S. workers are scarce may be granted a three-year work visa, which could be renewed once for an additional three years. After those six years, the workers would be required to return home.' (Salvato, 29). This promoted a larger and stronger workforce, while at the same time helping new immigrants make a living. In addition to this, Bush’s statement supported more immigration into The United States of America.

One reason immigration is such a focal point in our elections and even on everyday’s news channels is because of its effects on the entirety of America, not just the immigrants. Mass immigration changes the workforce, economy, and diversity of a country. Unsurprisingly, in America specifically, the migrant count is significantly higher than other countries; “Today, more than 40 million people living in the U.S. were born in another country, accounting for about one-fifth of the world’s migrants in 2016“ (Lopez). This is not dubious considering that America was formed by immigrants, for immigrants. However, immigrant families also suffer not only in adapting to a new country and culture but the economy. Societal traditions are less accepted, which ostracizes migrant families from other Americans. Living situations are too often less than ideal, being unsupportive by in ideal paychecks; “One might conceive of this as a stable system--after all, there are many jobs for low-skilled immigrants. But of course immigrants have children, at rates far higher than the native-born, and the children of lower-skilled immigrants make up a continually growing share of Americans at or near the poverty level” (Aguilar). Both Immigrants and former Americans are affected through immigration, seeing as the economy changes and the workforce cannot always support such importation, although that does not conclude that immigrants do not also boost the workforce as well.

The immigration questions raised during recent elections have raised controversy. Jeff Faux, a writer for The Gale Encyclopedia, notes that different parties propose alternate solutions. For one, Republicans advocate for deportation of illegal immigrants. On the other hand, Faux says, “In contrast, the Democratic bumper-sticker solution to illegal immigration is to legalize those who are here. This is certainly a sensible proposal since wholesale deportation is impractical. But it doesn't deal with the future.” This has led some Democrats such as Ted Kennedy to endorse “guest worker” proposals, but most oppose these legislations. The sharp contrast of plans helps an everyday news-watcher better understand the uncertainty of a complete immigration solution. Sooner or later, the United States will have to join with Mexico and put in the serious effort needed to control illegal immigration. As the continuous war for a clear answer wages on, political parties blame the other for the lack of success. However, oppositions of this theory propose that the Mexican government could be supporting citizens to migrate. In regards to this, Faux states, “‘If the Americans seal off the border,' the wife of a high-ranking Mexican official told me at a dinner recently, 'there will be a revolution here.'’ Faux later alludes to the official that Mexico is, in fact, supporting illegal immigration; the official failed to respond. The surplus of failed governmental immigration tactics display the extent of controversy surrounding the issue of immigration.

The part of the immigration system that needs to be focused on would be the guest worker programs. A guest worker program such as The Red Card solution, introduced by Helen Krieble in 2010, would allow immigrants the opportunity to come to the United States for work. “Rather than debating how many workers an artificial quota should allow, Republicans should reclaim the high ground and create a dynamic, market-based guest-worker program, which, in the end, is a uniquely conservative proposal” (Aguilar). This type of program would fill the need for foreign workers and discourage illegal immigration. Low-skilled guest workers do not earn enough to be net taxpayers, yet they qualify for benefits in many states. If guest workers obtain green cards, they will qualify for all federal programs, such as Social Security and Medicare (Talking Points). The program would help the government focus more on major issues such as security threats, trafficking, and terrorist threats. Having a legitimate and supported program such as this would have many benefits and hopefully strengthen the two countries ties with each other.

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Essay about History Subject

For this assignment, I want to talk about 19th century female artists and how under represented they were and continue to be today. Very few 19th century female artists can be found in the pages of history books and it is not because there were not many practicing female artist back then, it is due to the sexism that was carried from that time. I want to show how the depictions of women in art created by male artist in the 19th century also negatively impacts how women are treated in the modern wold. Additionally, the lack of female representation affects the way modern society judges art. I think there is a strong correlation between the sexism that did not allow women to study art in the 19th century and the lack of female artist representation that we see today. The fight for equality in the art world is far from over; therefore, it is crucial that we study how the past has influenced the present. I will be touching on the topics of gender roles in the 19th century, the male gaze, and the continuing fight to get more female artists represented in major art museums. Annotated Bibliography Myers, Nicole (2008).

Women Artist in Nineteenth-Century France. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The MET. This article explains the general limitations of women's artistic training in France through out most of the nineteenth century.Women were often excluded from essential trainings such as studying with live nude models, and also from participating in official competitions to win prestigious scholarships. It also talks about the social pressures women artist felt to choose between a career and marriage, unlike male artists.There is also a list of very successful female artist during this time that became great only because they remained unmarried. Those who did get married and continued to paint, their talents and success was accredited to the males in their lives like their fathers or husband. Women were not even able to be in public unaccompanied therefore, women artist were limited in social experiences and artistic inspiration. I want to use this article to show the sexist practices that limited women artist in the 19th century. I also want to show that there were many great female artists during this time but very few continue to be talked about. 2) Nochlin, Linda. (2015) Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?

ARTnews. I want to use this essay because the author asks a similar question to what I am writing about. In this essay, Nochling argues that instead of bolstering the reputation of neglected and forgotten female artists, we should be analyzing the institution that held back women from producing art and being remembered in history in the first place. It was through reading second-wave feminist literature that she was inspired to look back the visual tropes in art history and question these practices through the lens of feminism. Why have some paintings been attributed to male artist when they were made by females from the 19th century? Why are male artists such as Michelangelo or Picasso typically described as “geniuses,” while women such as Berthe Morisot or Rosa Bonheur are not? She asks these questions in order to get to the root cause of why society thinks there aren’t any great women artist, when are plenty.

I want to use this to support my argument that the way society judges art is deeply rooted on the lack of female representation. 3) Coppola, Allison. (2018) The Gendered Gaze: Analysis of Three Nineteenth-Century French Prints. Order No. 10826479 State University of New York at Binghamton In this essay, three paintings are analyzed to explore the idea of the male gaze. It talks about the male gaze being a concept created by a feminist theorist to talk about the phenomenon of women being viewed as objects for the consumption and pleasure of men, and consequently ensuring the objectification of women in society. This essay suggests that we replace “the notion of a singular male gaze with the notion of multiple potential gazes, multiple potential viewing positions for the spectator of the artworks, as proposed by artist working in France in the mid-nineteeth century.” What I want to take away from this essay is the idea that the male gaze used in these paintings negatively impacts the way society views women. It reenforces the idea that women are passive while men are active. I will also use it to argue that there are there ways to make art less objectifying.

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Madeleine Albright Commencement Speech Summary

In her commencement speech for the 1997 class of Mount Holyoke College, an all women’s school in Massachusetts, Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright spoke about the future of America and the importance of female leaders in modern society. Through the use of rhetoric, apparent in both writing and speaking, Albright shares her message of perseverance with the graduating class. To begin, Albright’s use of repetition assists in portraying the themes of her speech by stressing the points with most effect. Starting on line forty-nine, Albright discusses the different women she has met on her international travels. Each new country addressed is greeted with the word “in.” This word aids in portraying the similarities between the countries and the women leading their futures. The repetition adds an implied “and” or “similarly” before each thought, connecting the different examples based on their common traits rather than differences.

Also, starting on paragraph thirteen, Albright ends each paragraph with a version of the word “persevere.” All these paragraphs also include a variation of the phrase “if you aim high enough.” The repetition of these phrases and thoughts, which become the overall focus and theme of the speech, adds stress to the necessity of perseverance and aiming high. By the third repetition of this phrase, this ending becomes almost expected. Since this was originally given as a speech, it was important to use whatever devices possible to keep focus on a certain phrase. Since the brain usually remembers individual sound bites, the repetition of these phrases assists in making them the sound bites people remember. Through the use of this repetition, Albright explains her key points and drills them into the minds of America’s future leaders. To continue, Albright’s spacing in her speech assists the theme by putting more pressure on specific words or phrases, especially in a spoken medium such as a commencement speech. Albright uses dashes to separate key points.

First, she uses them to keep the phrase “including Russia” from the rest of her sentence discussing potential future allies. At the time of this speech, the idea of befriending Russia, a country that has opposed the United States in many wars such as the Cold War and the Korean War, was likely not a supported idea. It likely was deemed insanity due to the overall international conflicts in values. This use of dashes is to express Albright’s knowledge that it is an uncommon belief yet also a necessary step towards achieving peace. In addition, throughout the fourteenth to seventeenth paragraphs, the ending of “-- and persevere” is key to the overall purpose of the speech. This use of dashes is to stress the thought. Taking into account that this was originally written as a speech, these dashes are long pauses to add stress. Albright’s combination of these two rhetorical devices drill the idea of perseverance into the heads of all who attend. Finally, Albright’s diction aids in expressing the true value of perseverance. In paragraph three, one of the sentences expresses how Americans “could” be satisfied with nothing more than the destruction of the Berlin Wall. The use of this open phrasing is to force listeners or readers to question their satisfaction with history. It asks readers if the current situation on world problems is enough to look past them. This use of the word “could” continues to open the mind to perseverance. This word choice allows and recommends listeners to create their own stance on what is necessary or what is important. Later, Albright uses the phrase “entrapped by poverty” to describe the potential great minds of other countries who are being suppressed due to economic standings. The word entrapped implies little or no ability for escape, similar to the prison system.

The choice of this word for restraint further aids the overall message of perseverance, just as Nelson Mandela and Gandhi kept working for peace while locked up. This phrasing asks people to rise up to benefit the world, even if limits burden the path to success. In conclusion, Albright’s use of rhetorical devices aid in asking graduates to keep climbing higher and to persevere through life’s hardships. She uses repetition, spacing, and diction to request that future world citizens keep moving, as nothing, including gender stereotypes, can hold them back.

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Instagram Aesthetic

On the off chance that you have an Instagram, I'd bet that you have confronted yourself with the inquiry, should my Instagram have a subject? Or then again in the event that you haven't asked yourself that, I'll accept you've experienced a huge modest bunch of Instagram's with an "Instagram stylish." Esthetic is characterized as "Worried about excellence' anyway with regards to Instagram feel the expression fixated on magnificence is seriously meriting. In her article "The Joy of Instagram", writer Megan Garber contends that catching encounters doesn't diminish them yet rather intensifies the happiness. Anyway why bother catching a photograph existing apart from everything else in case we will adjust it to compare with our Instagram feed? Instagram feel are accomplished through arranged candids, exorbitant channels and a disturbing measure of time put into altering the ideal photograph. The fit and shading composed photographs apparently suggest a feeling of request, dishonestly addressing our turbulent lives. Social orders fixation on Instagram feel is adding to shallow inclinations, making an unreasonable take a stab at flawlessness that has a conscious and enduring impact on people emotional wellness.

As I look through my Instagram feed I'm barraged by photographs of thin young ladies holiday, couples kissing and avocado toast, all caught in amazing light and upgraded with different altering applications. These posts are counterfeit and curated yet portray a truly fought life. Clients are so fixated on depicting themselves faultlessly that they resort to photograph altering their face and body. As per new examination by beautyheaven.com.au "57 percent of ladies confessed to changing their own pictures for web-based media." (Noble) Further to this just about 66% of ladies overviewed power companions to show them photographs for endorsement before they're posted on the web, and 60 percent untag themselves from pictures they aren't content with. (Respectable) Conveying a message that Instagram clients post photographs looking for endorsement from society as opposed to survey Instagram as a stage for self articulation. On top of altering bodies, channels are applied to photographs to make the photograph look more stylishly satisfying than it initially was. Truth be told "sifted photographs are 21% bound to be seen and 45% bound to be remarked on by other Instagram clients" (Bakhshi) There are even Instagram stylish applications that will channel and upgrade your photographs for you to make an imploringly planned Instagram profile. Applications, for example, "Plann,' "See,' "Unum" and "Evidently" will clergyman the ideal Instagram feed, in the event that you haven't exactly idealized Instagram altering. However with a great many clients all utilizing the equivalent application you make a unimaginative stylish; not genuinely addressing yourself yet rather social orders view of magnificence.

To comprehend the genuine effect of photograph altering, I posted a photograph on Instagram of simply the first picture, no photograph altering by any means. I ordinarily utilize the application vsco to light up, explain and immerse my photographs to make them all the more vivacious and outwardly satisfying. The photograph is of me at the sea shore with companions and is illustrative of a really euphoric caught second. Anyway the unfiltered bad quality photograph was certainly not a hit to my Instagram adherents as it got altogether less likes and remarks contrasted with all my different posts. I was left with the end that unexpectedly there's a reverse connection between great photographs and top notch minutes, our Instagram's are perfectly organized curated portrayals of our lives.

Life isn't all outings to Hawaii and selfies at brilliant hour. With the ascent of Instagram Esthetics correspondingly came the formation of the "Finsta". "Finsta" represents counterfeit Instagram and is a stage for individuals to post the pertinent things devouring there lives to a more modest and more close crowd. It's used by Instagram clients who might want to share a more legit form of themselves yet feel awkward sharing on their genuine Instagram on the grounds that it clashes with the developed amazing persona they have accomplished through their Instagram. To the age raised with web-based media and advanced mobile phones Instagram has formed into all things considered an individual resume, clients dread self articulation and therefore subject themselves to similarity. To numerous a Finsta is vital on the grounds that the fixation on feel and endorsement has fashioned Instagram profiles to be duplicity and deluding of people genuine character. Anyway I'm not saying that clients don't care for genuine Instagram. Indeed "information from the United States shows that about 76% of this age bunch use it routinely." (Orlando) But numerous clients feel a mind-boggling feeling of pressing factor and Insecurity due to the application.

Essena O'Neill, an Australian young person with the greater part 1,000,000 adherents on Instagram, stood out as truly newsworthy in the wake of reporting that she was stopping the stage since it is "invented flawlessness made to stand out enough to be noticed". (Gajanan) This never-ending feeling of Insecurity can have extreme consequences on people emotional well-being. Genuine psychological well-being conditions like nervousness, sorrow, FOMO (dread of passing up a great opportunity), and dietary issues are related with Instagram use. Truth be told According to a 2017 report by the Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH) in the UK, Instagram was positioned the most exceedingly awful application for youngsters' emotional well-being. (Macmillan) As a young ladies who every now and again utilizes Instagram I am continually feeling as though my body isn't sufficient or fits social orders impression of lovely due to Instagram. I consistently feel restless and unconfident in view of the unreasonable assumptions Instagram has delivered. The usage and use of photograph altering ones body is advancing an out of reach and illogical norm of magnificence. The inescapable instability that accompanies being a little youngster is overpowering in any case, yet adapting and contrasting ones self with altered unreasonable pictures is harmful. The ubiquity of Instagram style has developed a culture in which clients depict a close to consummate life. Nobody's life is just about as amazing as there Instagram, so when you contrast your existence with another person Instagram it's not unexpected to feel lacking or a low confidence. Instagram can possibly be really inconvenient to clients emotional well-being. Just as passing on the disgrace that your real body or life won't ever be sufficient.

It's not difficult to shape an apparently ideal life through a bounty of square photographs, anyway this bogus depiction of yourself diminishes independence and makes an unreachable craving for flawlessness. Instagram isn't going anyplace, and neither will it's destructive impacts. We need to take a more certified and individual way to deal with the application, moving our qualities from excellence to self articulation. Changing our craving for endorsement to adulating and tolerating others for our disparities, defects and uniqueness. Unfollow accounts that cause you to feel uncertain and post things that address you. Instagram stylish can be characterized as an unfeasible make progress toward flawlessness that advances a ridiculous way of life. The cultural forced disgrace that we should adjust to social orders understanding of excellence to be acknowledged is unfortunate and damaging to the magnificence of independence.

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A Semester Abroad Opinion

In Hui xi Yao’s “International perspective: a Chinese student in New Zealand” and Eric Fish’s “How Chinese overseas students are learning harsh life lessons”, which one author discusses about why she, as a Chinese international student, chose to leave her own country and study abroad and another discusses about how will Chinese international students disappointed by studying in their study destination, the united states, the land of the free (or rather the land of racism?). Hui xi Yao highlights the positive aspects of overseas or intenational study, while Fish’s article focuses on several of the negative aspects or on the unfavorable opinions of Chinese students, who came to study in America and found out that everything there is actually far from their expectations. They thought of the United States as symbol of freedom, liberalism and openmindness. All in all, studying in a foreign country especially in the country with higher education will benefit the graduates in term of bringing up the knowledge into a more comprehensive level and language proficiency as well as contacts with other people from all over the world, which could be useful in the future. There’re also some similarities between the articles; both Hui xi Yao’s and Fish’s articles points out to some problems coming up when study abroad such as communication barriers and financial problems; however, both of which focus on the reasons Chinese students tend to leave their country to study in a country, where there’re nothing alike and what really happen in the reality when they come to study abroad.

Chinese students continue to be the majority or fulfill at least one fourth of international students in several cities, whether it is in Europe, America, Austria or even in Asia itself. As Chinese’s market grows, Chinese spending rises, and middle-class families tend to spend on education ahead of any other section, after education followed by real estate and savings when they’re old, more and more parents are willing to send their children to study in countries with higher education, especially in university level, which leads to the rising number of Chinese international students in every popular study-destination. Studying abroad has become a trend, as the Chinese have become less narrow-minded to non-domestic goods (Products and services), which helps determine their status in the society. Apart from the pull factors, or the reasons why the Chinese go to study in other countries (freedom, safety and opporunities), there’re push factors, or the reasons why students choose to leave China, their own country to other foreign countries. Hui xi Yao mentions that she wanted to study abroad since she was in her eight-grade because she has always disliked the intense competition in educational field in China, due to crowded population and limited places of study within the country. China is based on exam-oriented education, to be able to evaluate huge number of students’ abilities. That means Chinese education is of very high-pressure. Most of the students have to be up at 5 am, be in school from 6 o’clock in the morning until 6 in the evening studying and study at home or if the students are in boarding school, they even have to study until midnight, in order to keep pace with other students. It could be said that they spent most of their childhood and adolescence in school studying instead of getting the most out of it; instead of going out and see the world more. Many of the Chinese international students in Eric Fish’s interview thought that they may escape the high-pressured and test-oriented schooling and would be independent adolescent students and be able to speak their mind freely. Though their expectations were not met when they arrived America. When it comes to studying abroad, some may gain worthwhile experience, others, in return, may be disappointed by discovering the truth that the country they thought to be wasn’t as how they thought, in fact, far from what they expected, which I believe, depending on their environment, by whom they are surrounded. If they’re surrounded by lovely open-minded people like what Hui xi Yao’s home-stay family is like; they were helping her to get used to the culture differences by explaining her their social norms and cultures and understood that English isn’t her first language and was therefore, patient with her English skills, they’re likely to think that foreign education is diverse and dynamic. However, if they, on the other hand, are surrounded by pretty narrow-minded people, like how Lian and many other Chinese students in the United States, Chinese students who were interviewed are surrounded by those people, who think of Chinese as lovers of dictatorships and called them ‘brainwashed’, are likely to become more patriotic or are likely to love their country even more than how they used to. Sometimes they’re even thought to be the hands and eyes of their government. The Chinese notice how ignorant and biased Americans are about China. Whenever it comes to politics, they try to put us under one very radical label, said one Chinese student on Fish’s article. There’s no fun surrounded by those who see so little from the world and always judge those who are different from them- the racists. I, though, disagree with the saying that studying abroad causes less pressure than studying in China, as the competition is still there. As there are more Chinese students coming to study in other countries every year, they still have to compete with their own kind, which are likely to happen to have the same educational background and not only to be as good but also as hard-working as them. Other than competing with the other Chinese, they will have to unavoidably compete with other people of diverse nationality from all over the world. It could mean that the competition is even higher when they study in their own country, since those people must also be as diligent as them to be able to get international education, as money is not the only determinant to get accepted into those world-famous universities in developed countries. Not everyone who has money is accepted in to these universities.

Education in Thailand, especially the country’s tertiary education system is relatively low, comparing to those countries in Europe or even to Asia like Korea and Japan. Thus, Thai students these days with sufficient funds are likely to go study abroad. Their most beloved study-destination would be UK and followed by US, which are the two of the most popular countries among all the intenational students. Other abroad study destinations are Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The primary barrier to abroad study in Thailand is likely to be their level of English skills. The reasons Thai students, who go or want to study abroad, study abroad is very similar to the motives of the Chinese. Most of the Thais who go study abroad, for example, in Europe, however, despite language and culture barriers, become more matured, punctual, responsible, well-organized and gain surprisingly more self-confidence and self-esteem.

Despite what states on Fish’s article, I believe, there will still be more and more Chinese students study abroad and probably will continue to be the majority of international students in most of the cities. Aside from the pull and push factors mentioned earlier on this article, another reason that the number of Chinese international students increases can be because the total number of the students in China might increase, since people can now have two children without being penalized.

The Chinese have several motives for abroad study- higher education, future employment prospects, language skills, better environment, status symbol. Some may have the opportunity to study overseas, some may not. For those who have the opportunity to study overseas, some may experience unforgettable experience and decide to work or even live there after graduation, while some may be unsatisfied, as things are not like how they want them to be in reality and may feel disappointed choosing the wrong study destination. My own feeling on the subject is that no matter what background you have, where you from, where you study, by whom you are surrounded, when you got the chance that not everybody will get it, you should make the best out of it. You should be physically, emotionally and mentally prepared in order to be or to live in a land with total differences in cultures; in the land, where people have different thoughts and norms. You should not only expect others to do as you want or to please you, but you should either adapt to the cultures or just let it go, try not to take any offence. Like what Hui xi Yao says, that you should step out of your comfort zone, especially when you come study abroad, this will be the one of most important experiences you will have in your life. It’s the experience you won’t really experience if you are not willing to step out of your comfort zone, even if you’re abroad.

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Why i Choose Dentistry

Dentistry is a lot of schooling, meticulous, but rewarding as you help others. I believe dentistry would be a good choice for me because it involves a mix of science and math skills as well as creativity in the detail of making dentures and fillings. A career in dentistry also allows me to have a stable job that is not only secure, but also expanding in need. It would allow me to help those less fortunate as I could use this profession to help with dental care in third world countries. Dentistry would be a great field for me because it combines

The first step to becoming a dentist is taking high school classes in sciences and math and applying to college. Once in college, a future dentist needs to earn a bachelor's degree in any field, though it is most common and helpful to earn a science degree such as biology or chemistry. The next step is to apply to a dental school with the DAT, Dental Admissions Test. The DAT is conducted by the American Dental Association and results are only one factor considered in evaluating dental school acceptance. Academic records and recommendations are also considered. The DAT test is to Dental school admission as the ACT is to college admission. The subsections of the test include survey of the natural sciences: biology, general chemistry, and organic chemistry; Perceptual ability: apertures, view recognition, angle discrimination, paper folding, cube counting, and 3D form development; reading comprehension over scientific passages; and quantitative reasoning that covers mathematical problems. (ada.org) There are many subjects that need to be practiced before one even takes a step into a dental school.

Once in dental school, a student will learn local anesthesia, anatomy, oral disease and health, and radiology. Programs in dental school include experience where students work directly with patients. After the completion of dental school, there is opportunity to continue schooling in a specific field such as orthodontics, oral surgery, pediatrics, or periodontics. After completing dental school or furthering education in a specific field, one must gain a license to work in a specific state.

To be a dentist, one needs various important qualities. The first is communication skills. Dentists must communicate effectively with different groups of people including patients and staff daily. They also need to be detail oriented as they pay attention to miniscule variations in teeth. Another skill is finger dexterity, “the ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects” (Onet). This is helpful as one will…. A successful dentist not only has to have patients but also patience. Dealing with individuals and their needs or concerns is another everyday occurrence that a dentist needs a calm attitude to deal with these individuals. An obvious quality is the understanding of medicine and science including “symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive healthcare measures” (blm). A not so obvious skill is the need for physical stamina as dentists spend long periods of the day bent over patients.

A typical day for dentists involves seeing patients, identifying their problem, developing and evaluating options and then implementing solutions. (onet) This includes face to face discussions with multiple people a day and physical proximity to patients. (onet) Danesi Sadoh, a general dental practitioner and specialist periodontist at a dental practice in Finsbury Park, London, explains a typical day that includes patients from 9 am to 5 pm with a break for lunch. Work is mainly general dental check ups, hygiene visits, fillings, extractions, providing dentures and bridges for patients that have lost their teeth Danesi explains that the work is exiting because there is multiple different types of work each day, “Every patient is a new challenge, therefore there is rarely a dull moment”.

Dentistry is an extremely stable job that will be around for a long time. The need for future dentists is increasing. The employment of dentists is projected to grow 19 percent from 2016 to 2026, “much faster than the average for all occupations” (bls). Demand for dental services will increase as the population ages as many members of the aging baby-boomer generation will need dental work. Projected job openings from 2016 to 2026 is 6,400 (onet). With a job like dentistry, it is easy to move anywhere in the country or world because a need for regularly checked teeth is universal. There are 110,400 dentists employed currently in the nation. On average, dentists make $174,110 a year or an average of $83.71 hourly, but this varies on location.

In researching dentistry, I have discovered all the skills it requires ranging from social skills to physical abilities. I was also grateful to learn that there is an above average increase in need for dentists in the future. The pros would be the stability it offers and the great salary. Another positive is the constant fulfillment it brings as one completes multiple different tasks on different patients daily. The cons would be the intensity, stress, and debt of dental school.

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Hills Like White Elephants Literary Analysis

Hills Like White Elephants was written by Ernest Hemingway in 1938. It is an enigmatic narrative about abortion. The story is about a man, identified as the American, and a girl. The American is trying to convince the woman to have an abortion. Jig, the girl in the short story, is socially and financially dependent on the American. Jig’s inferior position to the man is further demonstrated by her inability to speak Spanish. The couple has had an untroubled relationship until the woman became pregnant. The writer does not use the word abortion in the narrative; hence, readers have to read in between the lines to figure out the source of the couple’s conflict. As the conversation in the narrative unfolds, Jig’s character develops from a weaker to a dominant individual. This assignment analyzes the development of Jig’s character from a weaker character to a dominant character in the narrative.

The title of the narrative is derived from the hills that the girl and the man are looking at while having their conversation. It is the woman who describes the hill as “white elephants;” hence, bringing up its analogy. Jig’s observation of the hills is essential in the text because it makes it possible for readers to understand the significance of the discussion between the two characters.

The entire story unfolds while the couple is seated by a table outside a bar at a Spanish train station. The train station setting depicts that Jig and the American are both figuratively and literally at a crossroads. As they sit at the train station, the couple has to decide which train they are going to take. The train station is situated between two tracks heading in different directions. The rail tracks go through a river valley and emerge on different parts of the hill. One part of the hill is described as barren and dry, while the other has beautiful scenery with green trees and flowing rivers. The arid region of the hill is interpreted as signifying abortion and death, while the other side can be translated as signifying life. As they sit drinking their beer, the couple has to choose the path they will have to follow.

It is evident that Jig wants to take the path filled with life. Hemingway writes, “The girl walked to the end of the train station.... on the other side was fields of trees and grains” (Mays 634). As such, this is the dramatic part of the narrative where Jig finally realizes what she truly wants. She goes to the end of the train station, distancing herself from the American. When Jig goes back to the table where the American is seated, he keeps talking until Jig finally shouts, “Stop talking” (Mays 634). Her sudden outburst silences the American who watches their luggage with the hotel labels still attached to them. The American’s reaction to Jig’s outburst illustrates that it has dawned on him that the fun times were finally over. However, he tries one more time to convince the girl to have an abortion, to which she responds, “I will scream” (Mays 634).

The train station and its surroundings play a critical part in understanding the narrative. The American finally realizes that Jig will not go through with the operation and he moves their bags to the other side of the rail tracks. It seems that the couple will not take the train leading to the barren side of the hills. The American’s action can be interpreted to mean that the couple has decided not to go through with the operation. Hemingway uses both dialogue and setting as a tool to give meaning to the narrative. Likewise, since she is unable to confront the American directly, Jig uses the train station and its surrounding to outsmart the American.

“Like white elephants” is used a total of five times in the short story. By repeating the phrase, Hemingway highlights the importance of the title. The short story’s title is based on an idiom, “white elephant,” which refers to something that is perceived as a burden. Hence, this means that the couple believes that the pregnancy is a burden. Furthermore, it also depicts that the short story is enigmatic and readers can interpret it in different ways. The questions asked by the characters are another example of repetition in the text. Jig asks a total of 17 queries, with 13 of those being simple questions that can be answered with a yes or no. The American, on the other hand, asks four questions, with three of those being asked towards the end of the narrative. The questions and their placement in the short story illustrate the shift in command.

At the beginning of the narrative, Jig is portrayed as the weaker character, while the American is described as dominant. At the end of the tale, the American is more reactive and interrogative, suggesting that the girl has become the active force. Even though the American appears dominant, Hemingway incorporates stylistic signs in the story to illustrate that he does not have complete control of the couple’s situation. The writer’s use of repetition creates a story that has context and meaning. The narrative highlights the power of a woman’s will while critiquing the man’s conduct.

Works Cited

Mays, Kelly J. The Norton Introduction to Literature, W.W. Norton & Company, 2015.

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Changes in Ocean

Contents

Causes of Trash in the Ocean
Effects of Trash on the Ocean and its Animals
Ways of Reducing Trash in Oceans
Conclusion

Trash, especially plastics, can be found across the world’s oceans because of its buoyancy and resilience (Erikson et al.). Because the plastic releases toxins into the environment, researchers have stressed that if they are found in the ocean, they should be treated as hazardous waste. The accumulation of plastic pollution can also be found in bays, gulfs, and seas that are heavily populated along their watersheds and coasts. The impact that plastic pollution has had on ocean animals and plants including zooplankton, marine reptiles, and seabirds through entanglement and ingestion has been well-documented. The continuation of floating plastics within the world’s oceans illustrates the urgency of the need to monitor its impacts and to create ways to decrease the number of plastics and their global dispersion. According to Erikson et al., there is a lack of data regarding estimates of the amount and weight of floating plastics, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, illustrating the need for further studies to be performed immediately in order to address the complete severity of the situation.

Marine pollution threatens both marine life and human life. Irresponsible human activity leads to huge deposits of trash in oceans which consequently creates an in an imbalance in the oceanic ecosystem (Baumgartner, Iver, Duedall & Kester, 13). The causes of effects of trash in oceans correlate to measures to protect the marine environment from pollution.

Causes of Trash in the Ocean

Ocean dumping occurs naturally or as a result of irresponsible trash management which contributes to increased trash deposits in oceans. The materials dumped in oceans include garbage and other forms of manufacturing waste material from factories, ocean tankers, and sewage waste. Such pollutants contain hazardous chemical components like mercury and radioactive material that kills marine life after consumption. (Kumpf, 29) points out that channeling of sewer waste into oceans spreads organisms that inhibit the natural growth of marine life on contaminated areas.

Almost 70% of trash in oceans is a result of storm run-offs, which entails trash flowing into the marine environment by floating on rivers draining to the ocean (Baumann, 38). Through this kind of pollution, rivers collect harmful pollutant such as plastics, inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides during floods and drain them into oceans and seas (Kumpf, 17) Inorganic fertilizers and pesticides are particularly harmful to marine life because they contain harmful chemicals that disrupt ocean ecosystems and lead to the creation of dead zones in the water.

Oil spills from tankers transporting oil and offshore drill rigs are a major cause of trash and ocean pollution because the metallic debris from drills and accidental oil spills poses a threat to marine life (Duquette et.al, 63) There have been incidents of oils spillage such as the Deepwater Horizon and Atlantic Express that lead to huge amounts of loss of marine life. Oil spillage affects both the environment and the economy due to the loss of oil and the costly ocean clean-up and restoration efforts (Nellemann, Hain & Alder, 43). Seabirds are most affected by oil spills because their wings get covered by the slick oil hindering their ability to fly and thus leading to death. Seabird populations exposed to oil spillage have been observed to drastically reduce which also decreases marine mammal populations due to food chain disruption.

Human activity on the beach also contributes to littering and trash build up on the ocean front. The litter is then carried into the ocean by waves, where some of it floats and the rest is deposited on the ocean floor affecting the coral reef. Activity such as beach parties has adverse effects in instances where people don’t collect trash from the beach and it leads to the accumulation of non-degradable plastics (Parker & Menzel, 31). The non-degradable trash chokes fish when consumed and also entangles some of the marine mammals leading to slow and painful deaths. Examples of such plastic trash include single-use plastics such as party cups, straws, plastic cigarette butts and films of plastic food wrappers.

Effects of Trash on the Ocean and its Animals

Trash pollution leads to depletion of oxygen in the water, this often happens after oils spill when there is increased methane gas in the water. Methane causes chains of exothermic reactions that suck out the water oxygen levels in water. The lack of oxygen drives away marine life such as Crabs, Turtles and Sharks and they move closer to shore causing a threat to human life. Marine biologists have recorded such occurrences following the BP-Shell oil spill on the Gulf of Mexico that created huge dead zones in the ocean leading to increasing Shark presence off the coast of Alabama. Increase in bio-degradable waste in the ocean also has a reverse effect on oxygen depletion. Microorganisms present in the ocean feed on the bio-degradable trash and thus increased trash deposits amount to growth of microorganism populations in the ocean that consequently take up most of the oxygen in the water (Nellemann, Hain & Alder, 43). Reduced oxygen levels lead to deaths of aerobic water microorganisms and an increase in populations of harmful anaerobic microorganisms that produce Sulfide and Ammonia in the water. Both Sulfide and Ammonia are toxic and harmful to marine life and human life.

Toxic waste in water directly injures fish and indirectly has adverse health effects on humans who feed on fish. Bio-magnification defines such a process whereby humans who are at the top of the food chain are more likely to suffer devastating consequences from the presence of toxic waste in the water. Toxic waste consumed by fish such as radioactive material and Mercury have adverse effects on humans such as gene-mutations, birth defects and food poisoning (Parker & Menzel, 37). Consuming contaminated meat from fish exposes humans to life-threatening health problems that continue to spread with increased trash deposits in oceans. Toxic trash is also retained in marine mammals’ blubbers which prolongs the duration of exposure to toxic material. Sentinel species such as Harbor Seals that don’t migrate contribute to prolonged exposure to toxic material since the toxins are absorbed by their thick layers of blubber and the seals remain in the same waters for a lifetime. This exposes other marine life such as Dolphins to toxic contaminants; Dolphins feed on the Harbor Seals and ingest the contaminants resulting in generational exposure to debilitating effects of the contaminants (Sareer, 14). Mothers pass down the contaminants to offspring through breast milk and this creates a population of contaminated Dolphins. In regions such as Japan, authorities are controlling the fishing of Dolphins for meat after detecting high levels of Mercury in the meat and other toxins such as pesticides that have been determined to cause low sperm count among men who regularly consume the Dolphin meat.

Some microbes thrive on plastic surfaces and we expose sea life to such microbes when plastic get to the ocean. Some of the plastisphere thriving microbes are harmful to Fish and Coral Reef which is detrimental because plastic is non-biodegradable and so the microbes on plastic deposited in oceans have prolonged life-spans. Scientists are studying some strings of plastisphere thriving microbes since some have been found to consume plastic. This could lead to a potential breakthrough of discovering microorganisms that can break down plastic which will lead to the development of ways to for plastic to interact with the environment.

Populations of sea mammals and seabirds are most affected by trash. Marine biologists have indicated that the population the various species of Sea Turtles have fallen below 50% due to trash and illegal fishing activities (Baumgartner, Iver, Duedall & Kester, 19). Sea mammals’ populations are also reducing due to deaths associated with ingesting plastic material, such deaths resulting from digestive disorders and intestinal injuries because of the digestive system’s inability to digest plastic. Sea Turtles, for instance, consume huge chunks of plastic garbage waste resulting in the development of ulceration complications and blocking of the gut, both leading to death. This has adverse effects on reproduction because as current populations reduce, active reproduction rates decrease as well leading to a threat of extinction (Baumann, 42). Seabirds often get trapped in plastic debris and die while looking for food, consumption of plastic material also injures their digestives systems and hinders their flying leading to death due to lack of food. Seabirds are mostly attracted by the colorful plastic debris confusing them for food and some end up suffocating under the heaps of plastic debris due to lack of oxygen. Illegal fishermen dispose of plastic nets in water that consequently trap sea mammals such as sea turtles, these are referred to as “ghost nets” which limit the movement of the turtles within the net and they consequently die from entanglement and lack of access to food.

Ways of Reducing Trash in Oceans

Among the ways of reducing and controlling trash pollution in oceans is the social conformity and adoption of the re-usable version of plastic. We should move away from the use of single-use plastics that form bulk of plastic waste polluting oceans. This implies the utilization of reusable shopping bags, and water bottles so as to decrease the per capita use of plastic bags in the world that currently stands at 45kg compared to 3kg in the late 1980's. Smokers should also resolve to regular use of ashtrays to reduce the amounts of cigarette butts dropped on the streets, that is eventually swept away by rainwater into rivers and oceans. In areas with high populations of smokers, governments should consider implementing public smoking bans to enforce control and ensure cigarette butts are collected at designated smoking areas and in ashtrays for to reduce the negative effects they have on the environment.

Plastic recycling should be increased and advanced recycling techniques adopted to avoid further pollution. Recycling plastics relies on the collection of plastics which also provides employment opportunities for plastic waste collectors. Recycling also ensures there’s no introduction of “new plastic” in the environment and the consequent management towards the reduction of plastic use. Social emphasis on recycling should also be supported by people through volunteering to participate in beach and river clean-up programs and delivering the plastic waste collected to recycling plants.

We should also consider moving from the use of fossil fuels for energy because they pose a great risk to the ocean if the contamination and pollution spills into the sea water. Oil drills in the high waters are exposed to risky accidents that have long detrimental effects on the ocean. Oil tankers in the water also end up spilling into the ocean in case of accidents leaving the same devastating consequences. (Nellemann, Hain & Alder, 43). Utilizing more wind, solar, geothermal and nuclear energy will go a long way into protecting oceans from contamination.

Consumers should also reduce the utilization of beauty and wash products that contain plastic microbeads. This entails the reduced use of face scrubs and body wash that are among the most commonly used products containing plastic particles of less than one millimeter in diameter (Duquette et.al, 66). This should correlate with producer responsibility policies that force producers of plastic products to sign liability agreements that elaborate on detailed techniques they will use in handling the plastic, and collection of used plastic and recycling. Governments should also consider implementing increased taxation on plastic production and introduction of plastic related fees to discourage manufacturers from the use of plastic and also raise sufficient revenues to support government environmental sustainability programs that deal in plastic waste management. Fines for littering the environment with plastic materials should also be implemented. In large populations and growing economies such as China, the government can consider imposing bans on the use of plastic bags to control the number of plastic bags getting to seas and oceans (Sareer, 27.

Countries should also come together and support the implementation of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) initiative for Zero-Vision for Oceanic Plastic. Such support should be through the implementation of common international environmental support agreements by coming together to develop common plans and goals towards the reduction of plastic waste in the ocean. Mapping of the critical areas that need more emphasis such as China and the Gulf of Mexico should be dealt with by the respective countries sharing the polluted water bodies.

Conclusion

I believe that economic and environmental based considerations towards the reduction of trash in seas and oceans are the major challenges limiting effective waste management. Implementing preventative measures may carry a ripple effect within an economy such as loss of employment and from closing down of factories manufacturing plastic products. However, the distribution of these costs and benefits are likely to be distributed unevenly within global environmental support organizations such as UNEP. This is essential because, for instance, people living in developing countries are likely to suffer much more than the rest of the world due to many developing countries still in the growth phases of their economies and majority of their citizens might not afford alternatives to non-biodegradable plastic which is more expensive. Oil companies from developed countries should also pay hefty fines and taxes due to their negative effects done while on their overseas oil exploits. The oil spill in the Nigerian coast is still affecting the local shipping and fishing industries whereas Shell, the company responsible, continues to operate posing more threats to the environment. The costs and benefits gives a generalized figure and does not break down the figures obtained into individual self-determination to end the irresponsible use of plastic and trash getting to the ocean. This implies that efforts to protect oceans from trash will have to social responsibility if they are to make a significant impact on time.

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Impact of Social Networking Sites on the Society

Social networking sites gives a stage where individuals can share their thoughts and encounters. It gives a chance to individuals all throughout the planet to associate and be essential for a worldwide local area where everybody's voice can be heard. While there appear to be positive advantages that emerge from social media, those up-sides are the negatives that make social networking sites destructive to the 'genuine' local area. Making your own persona is the thing that makes the online world not quite the same as this present reality. You can decide to appear as something else and this distinction is the thing that influences us as individuals and as a local area.

Similarly as how authors compose books and make their dreamland in books; social media permits individuals to make their own dreamland where they discover a feeling of bliss and acknowledgment. It is human instinct to feel better when they are commended or appreciated. This at some point or another turns into a habit and individuals get dishonestly spurred to get things done in look for of others' endorsement. In this manner, as of late created social networking sites, for example, facebook, twitter, and so on are destructive to 'genuine' networks since they impact social/clinical issues, the sensation of unfulfillment throughout everyday life (usefulness), and the absence of inspiration to take care of job.

Social networking sites can prompt social/clinical issues for a person which can be hurtful to genuine networks. Cyberbullying is the utilization of electronic correspondence to menace an individual, ordinarily by sending messages of a scary or undermining nature

An examination shows that 20-40% of youths have announced being a casualty of cyberbullying. A basic instant message or remark can in some cases be deciphered in the incorrect way. Because of the actual idea of the online world, being unknown urges individuals to acquire certainty to say anything they desire. Remarks are then met with a blast of answers uncovering one and other. This is all available to the general population, making it simple to share and offer greeting to others to participate on the contention. One of the experts of social networking sites was for individuals to associate, share contemplations and join together. But presently, we have individuals joining in contempt, sharing and uncovering every others shortcomings. Cyberbullying has a sped up impact on the grounds that not at all like tormenting, which normally is a circumstance between a little gathering of individuals, for it to occur online affects each individual who has seen it and this general thought makes it simpler for the casualty to encounter sorrow, injury, and in more terrible cases can likewise prompt self destruction.

Somebody may end up investing over the top measures of energy in social networking sites since it offers a mind boggling endless feed and simple correspondence that is open at whenever. At the point when the utilization of social media meddles with school, work, family and social connections, it turns into a web habit. Actually like some other addictions, web fixation is connected to discouragement, self-damaging practices, expanded liquor and tobacco use, and corpulence

Investing exorbitant energy in the web can likewise cause lack of sleep. The light transmitted by electronic gadgets is said to upset circadian rhythms postponing the arrival of melatonin, bringing about rest issues 4. While it is prescribed for teens to get something like 9 hours of rest day by day, the individuals who get less than 6 hours of rest might be sleepless. Web compulsion and lack of sleep is connected, in spite of the fact that they might have similar manifestations, the impacts are more prominent. Restless young people likewise perform inadequately in school as they probably won't have the option to work at full limit. This additionally applies to grown-ups and different circumstances. Efficiency diminishes and individuals are less propelled to tackle assignments as they might feel tired consistently.

As of late created social networking sites, for example, facebook, twitter, and so forth are destructive to 'genuine' networks since they impact social/clinical issues, the sensation of unfulfillment throughout everyday life (efficiency), and the absence of inspiration to manage job. It is human instinct for individuals to discover a feeling of predominance. In the online world, you don't need to be actually prevailing, this is a factor that spurs individuals to carry on towards others. They acquire certainty behind their electronic gadgets as there isn't a lot of dread of genuine actual results. Web fixation has a similar pathology of other compulsion messing wellbeing up that can represent a danger to society. The most well-known issue related with web habit is lack of sleep which prompts more medical conditions and horrible showing in school, work, and so on Social networking sites can be advantageous to society, be that as it may, the negatives offset the up-sides. Being mysterious or behind a screen is simpler for individuals than to manage circumstances, all things considered. Social networking sites makes individuals more restless, sleepless, discouraged, improves the probability of self-damaging practices and supposedly increases liquor and tobacco use, and cause heftiness. Subsequently, Recently-created social networking sites (like Facebook) are destructive to 'genuine' local area.

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Zheng he Voyages

Through strong factual evidence I’ve concluded that Zheng He’s voyages were an expression of power by the Chinese empire. While it may have been a show of force many forget to point out the threat of the Xiongnu who at the time ruled the Mongolian steppes.1 The connection begins with Tamerlane, nominally vizier and son-in-law of the Chaghatai Horde Khan, who defeats Tokhtamysh, Khan of the golden hoard (1391) and former subordinate. He begins consecutive invasions of Bagdad (1393), India (1398-99) and then proceeds to defeat and capture the Ottoman Sultan (1402).1 Tamerlan has cut off their connection of land communication, in linear response Yongle approves the construction of Zheng He’s fleet in 1403. Tamerlane mobilizes an army in preparation of invasion in 1404 but later passes away in 1405 before any action is taken.

The threat of Invasion caused Emperor Yongle and Chinese society to reconsider foreign threats, the simplest solution came in the form of Zheng He’s fleet, 255 ships carrying 27,800 men.2 The main fleet consisted of 62 treasure ships which were estimated to be 44 zhang long and 18 zhang wide. This impressive fleet far outstrips Zhengs western counterparts Columbus (3), Da Gama (4), Magellan (5).3 Several instances over 7 voyages occur where China enters different disputes and Zheng demonstrates Chinas power. One such example was Zheng’s interference in Palembang. Zheng would clash with a small pirate fleet led by a former Chinese merchant Chen Zuyi which ended with “five thousand pirates being killed, ten pirate ships burned, and seven ships being captured”.4 Chen Zuyi and his two lieutenants were escorted back to China and executed. During the battle China’s modernization was displayed by the use of cannons, as evident in the burning of the ships. The expression of authority by China continues through the appointment of a new ruler. Shi Jinqing, assisted Zheng in Chens capture, is awarded with a cap and belt. The two objects signify the recognition of the Ming dynasty.

Like Palembang, Zheng similarly dealt with the King of Ceylon, Alagakkonara. Alagakkonara lured Zheng away from his fleet and trapped him on land with only 2,000 of his soldiers. Meanwhile Zheng’s navy was surrounded by 50,000 bandits, and all passages connecting were blocked by felled trees. Instead of retreating Zheng brilliantly attacked the city of Ceylon successfully capturing Alagakkonara and the rest of his family. Zheng would then defend the city and heavily injured them causing them to flee. The emperor was merciful and pardoned Alagakkonara, but he had his minister appoint a new king to continue tributes to China. Though this new king was selected, Ceylon had naturally filled the empty dynasty, this new ruler fit the requirements so there was no need for replacement, China no longer interfered with that situation. China maintains its policy of power exhibition.

Not all of China’s display of power concluded in violence, Zheng’s stop at Pulau Sembilan included the ceremonial burning of incense. Chinese soldiers introduced themselves with “We are the soldiers of the Heavenly court, and our awe-inspiring power is like that of the gods.”5 Outside of forceful words there was no use of physical force from China which seems to point to the fact that this is indeed just a show of power.

Zheng He travels to Hormuz for an important objective, the display of power. “While prohibiting foreign trade by his own subjects , the emperor nonetheless wished to display Chinese power to foreign countries whose own wealth was gained from such trade.”6 During a return voyage Zheng He captures Sekandar in Sumatra. This event is important and relates heavily on China’s social influence. Sekendar attacked Zheng He because he didn’t receive any presents from the emperor, if he had received anything then it would signify that he was recognized as a ruler.

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Reasons why Zoos should be Banned: an Analysis of Animal Stress and Health Concerns

Zoos, aquariums, and creature themed parks should be there to assist creatures with legitimate consideration yet never there to keep creatures from the wild, even. When the creatures from the wild are taken to the zoos or aquariums, they will ultimately not be coexisting with other hostage creatures and become forceful to one another. Creatures who were conceived or been in imprisonment for such a long time will assault and damage the creatures who just showed up from nature. For instance, executioner whales began to be caught from the wild and taken to imprisonment in 1961 (Smith). Executioner whales from numerous different units were placed into pools in aquariums or marine parks. In the marine stops, the executioner whales will wind up being prepared to perform stunts and exhibitions for shows (Smith). In the event that the marine park or aquarium pool is loaded up with executioner whales, the executioner whales might go grumpy and focused on by swimming around with a lot of other executioner whales into one another's methodologies. It can lead the executioner whales to assault each other because of an absence of room and stress (Smith). From their battles, executioner whales, even children, will have streak denotes that are harming their skin or lard. Remaining and swimming around a similar tank for quite a while can make the executioner whale dorsal blades breakdown and shifted (Smith).

Many individuals don't understand that a few creatures were detracted from the wild and can be extremely hazardous to deal with. Since the wild creatures were caught, they might in any case have their wild senses to use against the guests or animal handlers. The fundamental motivation behind why creatures can get forceful is by pressure, tension, and difficulties.

Creatures from the wild can ultimately have enough with remaining in their enclosures or tanks for quite a while or doing some carnival and performing stunts and might need to repay to the people by assaulting them. An exceptional whale, from SeaWorld Orlando, named Tilikum was caught from the wild and been put to an aquarium in British Columbia with two female executioner whales. He and the two executioner whales killed the mentor when she fell in the pool in 1991 (Garcia). Subsequent to being offered to SeaWorld Orlando, an interloper broke into SeaWorld, swam in the executioner whale pool, and was killed by Tilikum in 1999 (Garcia).

In 2010, Tilikum's last casualty was his SeaWorld coach, Dawn Brancheau, during a Shamu show (Garcia). After the executioner whale assault from Tilikum, Dawn Brancheau died, SeaWorld worked on the security by not permitting any mentors to be in the water with Tilikum, and Tilikum was in no exhibitions until further saw (Garcia). Dolphins might appear as though they are feeling glad to be in the recreation center with the guests, yet they have stowed away feelings as well. The issue was that not just that there was a dolphin butcher and dealing each year, dolphins were likewise caught from the wild and taken to marine parks and aquariums (Lliff). Keeping wild dolphins in imprisonment won't keep going long because of pressure, weariness, and uneasiness. Dolphins who were brought into the world in bondage can experience the same way as wild dolphins due to fatigue and stress as well as being dismissed by their moms to some hostage conceived dolphins.

Motion pictures and TV shows, for example, Flipper and Free Willy convince the crowd that it is best not to catch marine well evolved creatures from the wild in light of the fact that there will be a battle in bondage (Lliff). Fortunately, when Mexico restricted dolphin catch and dealing, the demise survey of dolphins diminishes (Lliff). Only one out of every odd zoo, aquarium, and creature parks are straightforward or fail to really see the amount of a battle the creatures will confront when being detracted from the wild or being abused in bondage. Basic entitlements activists needed to expand the passings of wild creatures, particularly jeopardized creatures, as much as zoos, aquariums, and parks do. They don't care for they way how creatures do unnatural exercises and propensities or the way how the animal handlers and mentors coddle hostage creatures, or having the creatures breed in imprisonment. Creatures from the wild being placed into enclosures or tanks for quite a while can cause the creatures to feel exhausted and pushed. Creatures in bondage who are remaining in their enclosures for such a long time can get exhausted by either remaining in their space, sitting idle or by doing their unaltered every day schedule of performing and preparing. At the point when the creatures are kept in bondage, they can't have the option to chase for food all alone. Hostage creatures will wind up remaining with the daily practice and fail to remember all that they did in the wild to endure ("Central Zoo Looks to a Sanctuary Model"). When the creatures in imprisonment get exhausted, they will wind up becoming to feel worried and restless and begin strolling or swimming around the enclosure or tank redundantly, trusting that something new will happen ("Central Zoo Looks to a Sanctuary Model").

Absence of abilities to survive will make the creatures in bondage won't make due in the wild when being kept in imprisonment or being delivered to the wild after long periods of bondage. Here and there creatures in bondage can wind up doing surprising conduct and propensities, like harming themselves. Elephants, for instance, in bondage are stuck in their enclosure with a tiny measure of room to stroll around while the elephants stayed in the wild are wandering around the wild ("Central Zoo Looks to a Sanctuary Model"). Wild elephants in imprisonment can ultimately hurt themselves whether to end themselves from their bondage hopelessness, feeling restless, or simply attempting to break their dividers to make an exit and get themselves away from there ("Central Zoo Looks to a Sanctuary Model"). Creatures in imprisonment will likewise wind up rearing and zoos and parks will have child creatures brought into the world in bondage ("Central Zoo Looks to a Sanctuary Model"). This will lead the creatures who were brought into the world in bondage an absence of capacity to endure. They will just know what bondage resembles yet never know what the wild resembles where wild creatures were came from. Wild creatures in bondage can confront medical problems in case not being dealt with appropriately by their animal handlers and mentors. There are times where mentors who prepared dolphins or whales to do stunts for marine park shows and gives them fish as a prize. In any case, if the whales or dolphins neglected to comply with the coaches of doing their stunts for the exhibitions, the mentors won't give them fish as a prize.

There additionally times that no one knows how frequently the aquariums, zoos, and marine parks cleaned the creatures' natural surroundings. Not having the creatures' environments tidied up regularly will make sicknesses that can spread from creatures to people and get the animal handlers and guests debilitated. A few group are addressing how enormous the marine park pool should be for immense marine vertebrates like executioner whales. Whales tanks should be in an appropriate size, contingent upon the number of whales to keep, for them to have adequate space to swim. Since hostage creatures consistently remained in their enclosures or tanks for quite a while and rehashing their every day exercises, they can act diversely or accomplish something strange (Learmonth). At the point when a creature begins strolling around, ripping at or gnawing something in their enclosure or tank, or preparing themselves so much, these exercises are the indications of stress and nervousness. Zoos, aquariums, and marine parks with awful day to day environments for creatures, it will likewise lead the creatures to have hurtful medical issue (Learmonth).

Very much like people who have been restless and pushed by gnawing their nails or pulling their eyelashes since they are restless, focused, and stressed over something. In the event that a creature and human pressure or stresses over something an excessive lot, they will have a higher shot at feeling wiped out and powerless. Like people, if hostage creatures feel exhausted, restless, and focused while being stuck in their tanks and enclosures, it will lead their bodies and insusceptible framework to become powerless (Learmonth). Stress and tension can lead people to ailments, and creatures will confront the same way. In imprisonment, creatures who were kept in their enclosures or tanks can become restless and focused such a lot of will have their immunes frameworks debilitate and cause wounds, sicknesses, and ailments (Marino and Frohoff). On the off chance that the infections and diseases were overlooked, the creatures in imprisonment won't keep going long. The two dolphins and whales, particularly executioner whales, in light of the fact that in the wake of being taken from the wild, they will have a higher danger of passing on in imprisonment due to the infections from stress (Marino and Frohoff).

For instance, in bondage, when dolphins and whales don't do any exhibitions or preparing, they will become exhausted and stress by biting off the substantial divider or whatever they can discover (Marino and Frohoff). Biting off the substantial divider will harm and demolish the whales' and dolphins' teeth to where they don't have additional teeth. Likewise, when being exhausted in their tanks, the dolphins and whales will swim around their little pool and get irritable and focused. Having so many executioner whales in a single pool can cause them to become crotchety and assault each other that will lead them to have streak blemishes on their bodies. Dolphins and whales, who are moms and kids, don't have any decision however to leave one another (Marino and Frohoff). At the point when the children got isolated from their moms, both the moms and the infants will become pushed and sorrowful such a lot of that it will cause them to feel frail and become debilitated effectively (Marino and Frohoff). People interfacing with creatures are not in every case simple relying upon how people treat creatures in bondage. On the off chance that people interface with creatures appropriately by giving grace and regard and ensure the creatures' wellbeing is in acceptable advance and have no wounds or illnesses. Notwithstanding, not all people are not pleasant to creatures. There are times where people wound up treating creatures in an unsafe way and influence creature unnatural practices and wellbeing (Marino and Frohoff).

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Online Vs Offline Shopping

Contents

The experience of shopping online
The experience of shopping in traditional environment
Comparation and contrast between shopping online and shopping in traditional environment
Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
Advantages and disadvantages of traditional shopping
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
CONCLUSION

The experience of shopping online

Supposing I want to shop a camera or any other item online. First of all, I need a good internet connection and a device to be used in order to have access in this connection. For some people, you need as well knowledge to access the internet, especially when coming to some website which seems to be complicated to access. You need as well a permanent electricity to power all this.

Once you have all those aspects, you can purchase your camera at any suitable time, to any vendor you wish, and at any place you want. As you select any website in your choice, you have possibility of comparing opportunities and prices from the larger variety of products available to the website. This will lead you to select the better option based on pricing, quality and quantity.

Something amazing, you can order your products, with just one click, within a few minutes, while you are in pajama in your room. The marketspace has no closing time, it works for 24/7.

After paying with virtual currencies and printing your receipt, you may order your product which will reach you within some duration of time. The purchase is completed!!!

The experience of shopping in traditional environment

As I want to shop a camera or any other item in a traditional environment, I need first to gather information on the place, price, quality, quantity and source of the product. I may contact somebody who had already done such a purchase in the past to have correct information of the product. After gathering information, I have to evaluate alternatives based on the cost, durability, image, maintenance and availability and accessibility where the product is. After evaluating I select the best alternative.

Based on the information collected, I organize myself to go to the market place where I can find and buy a camera or any item I would like to buy. With our example of a camera, I will have to visit in the basis place electronic shop for easy purchase.

From one shop store to the other, I will have to compare prices, quality, performance, company of fabrication, year of fabrication to make sure that what I am buying is good commodity. I may need a copybook to put down details and alternatives in other to select the best option. During this time, I will just be interrupting physically with the vendors I have met. I may negotiate the price according to our agreement with the vendor.

All the way from my house to the market, I will have to carry some cash to purchase the camera. In case my money is not enough comparing to the prices of the item, I will have to go back home and reschedule my purchase.

If I am satisfied with all those criteria (cost, durability, image, maintenance and availability and accessibility), I can immediately buy the camera. After buying, I have to organize its transportation up to my house. The purchase is completed.

Comparation and contrast between shopping online and shopping in traditional environment

The first contrast between traditional shopping and online shopping is authenticity. Many of advertisement done by the online market exaggerate the natural character of the product. This aspect affects the authenticity of the products which we may not find in most traditional market where the originality of the product is physically well seen.

In traditional shopping a person has the freedom of choosing what to buy from his or her real feelings as he or she interrupt with the goods. All the products can be seen, felt, tasted making the customer make free decision about what he or she wants for a product. By contrast, online shopping depends on the internet description of the products for customers. Shopping websites such as the Amazon advertise the products to their potential customers without having the customers going out for them. Interested buyers have to place orders and then get products. The consumer in online shopping does not get the chance to taste or feel the products before purchasing them.

Many people find better the shopping online simple because of the convenience it offers to them. Some people don’t like spending time going from mall to mall looking for goods. Others are enticed by the low prices of online products and others just prefer buying things from different countries. However, the traditional market offers generally local commodities. You need to be in physical contact with the vendor after spending your time deciding on the cost, quality and source of the product.

Recently, some studies came up with a result on the uncertainty as one of the major factors in online shopping. People who preferred online shopping to traditional one, go through a big risk. Many people doing online shopping have had their privacy violated in internet than traditional buyers who don’t deal with any application. Unlike traditional customers, online shoppers have had to contend with delays in the delivery of ordered items. Sometimes, the products are not delivered at all.

Those doing traditional shopping get the chance to use all their senses in selecting merchandise that merit their needs and preferences. A customer in need of a particular dress would have the opportunity to try the dress out to see if it fits compared to the other person who shops online. The color of the cloth, the material and originality of the dress is well felt in traditional shopping.

To find a commodity in a cheaper price is not as easer as we can think. Many online shoppers believe that it is much cheaper than traditional market. This is not always true. Some online vendors would double the price of an item, especially when there are no places to compare those prices.

Also, online vendors seem to be more dishonesty than traditional vendors. Many people doing online shopping report more deception in service offered by this market. Online shopping seems to be good for people who don’t have time to move from mall to malls.

Advantages and disadvantages of online shopping

Advantages

Better prices.

Online market offers generally cheap commodities for customers, because products bypass all the transactions which are commonly done when doing traditional market. Plus, it's easier to compare prices and find a better deal. Some online companies offers discounts as well.

Convenience.

In online shopping, there are no lines to wait in the cashier desk! Convenience is a big advantage. You can buy items in any time, from anywhere just with a click!!! Online shops reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping experience. There is no better place to buy items like e-books, which are available to you instantly, as soon as the payment is done.

More variety.

In online shopping, you have access in varieties of commodities. The choices online are amazing! You can find any type or quality of good. Buy comparing, you can choose the best you want. You can shop from retailers in other parts of the state, country, or even world instead of being limited to your own geography.

More control.

Online, you don't have to let the store's inventory dictate what you buy, and you can get exactly what you want and need.

Easy price comparisons.

With variety of products, you have also easy comparison of prices. Online shopping has given solution to the problems of visiting different malls to compare prices

No crowds.

In front of your computer, alone you are able to do your shopping without interrupting with some other customers. The online market offers as well physical privacy.

No pressure.

Oftentimes when we're out shopping, we end up buying things that we don't really need, all because shopkeepers pressure us or use their selling skills to compel us to make these purchases.

You can send gifts more easily. Sending gifts to relatives and friends is also easy, no matter where they are. All the packaging and shipping is done for you. Oftentimes, they'll even gift wrap it for you! Now, there is no need to make distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, Mother's Day, Father's Day, and so forth.

Discreet purchases are easier.

Some things are better done in the privacy of your home. Online shops are best for discreet purchases for things like adult toys. In online shopping, you don’t need to fear on being seen you by people.

Disadvantages

Less contact with you community

With a strong privacy, the online shopping does not give good opportunities to interrupt with your community.

Shopping problems and delay

Easy confusion in the items placed in order. Many online shoppers complain much on the items sent buy the E-commerce company but which were not ordered.

Risk of fraud

Since there are many steps in the process of online market, there is as well a higher probability of fraud that in traditional shopping.

Return can be complicated

It can happen that you received a damaged item after purchasing online, the return process is always not easy than you can think.

Spending too much time online

It is not easy to browse from one Website to another one as you look for what you need exactly. It requires much time.

You don’t know exactly what you are getting

As far as the size, the color, the source and the quality of the product is involved, some times it is difficult to get exactly what you wanted through the screen of your computer. Images, measurements or quality of sound (for the electronic items) may bring some problems.

No sale assistance

Beyond what we see in E-commerce Websites, we may have some more questions on the product we want. The online shopping does not provide such opportunity than the traditional one.

Advantages and disadvantages of traditional shopping

Advantages

Physical contact with the vendor

Consumers interrupt physically with the one providing for them commodities. This physical contact gives way to a natural relationship beyond just selling and buying.

Direct contact with the product you want

In traditional shopping, you feel and taste the product that you need. You have the freedom to consider the real quality of the item.

Does not exclude people without internet

Traditional shopping opens its doors to any class of people: those who have internet and those who don’t have (rich and poor).

No loss of money

The owner cannot lose money since there are no hackers and scammers in the real world.

In touch with the environment

It helps a person to feel and know better the environment he is in. (That is if it is in a shop)

Disadvantages

Difficulties of collecting information.

To collect information about where to find the product I really wanted can me also challenging.

Time consuming

It normally takes time to move from your house to the store to purchase a product. It take as well time to be walking from one mall to the other to compare prices.

Insecurity.

As you bring with you money to the place of purchasing products, you can be rubbered by people.

Time limit for the store to be opened.

Generally, it is during the day that stores are opened for selling. Beyond the limit time, nobody is allowed to go in and do shopping.

Not easy to find exactly what you need.

Not all store and businesses have the exact item for the customer. It may be far away from where you are living.

CONCLUSION

As discussed above, there are advantages as well as disadvantages in both online and traditional shopping. We should just put in mind that those who are interested and enjoy shopping as a hobby may prefer to do it in person and those who don’t like crowding and find pleasure in private shopping may be happy to do it online.

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Don’t Litter with Plastic

Have you ever thought how much plastic you use a day? We produce roughly 300 million tons of plastic each year and more than half of it is disposable. Every induvial in Australia uses around 170 plastic bags per year. This means 150 million plastic bags end up as litter, only 3% of them are currently being recycle and 200,000 bags are dumped in landfill every hour. Our world needs to make a change in how things are done, when we get takeaway food, we should make an alternative and bring our own cutlery or even use bamboo cutlery. A way we could make this happen is to get all business big and small to get on top of biodegradable cutlery and bags.

People think its all going to be ok if we keep doing what we are doing but in reality plastic plays a very big role in the pollution of the world. 200,000 plastic bags are left in landfills every hour that’s how much our world is being polluted. plastic is literally at my fingertips all day long tapping on the key board keys. This must be stopped! If we all tried and committed to this world problem Like people simply picking up rubbish that they walk past or see in general or going every week with a reusable grocery bag that has been lying around the house. If everyone did this in just Australia the pollution would decrease by 1,368 million bottles because there are 24.14 million people in Australia and the average grocery bag can fit 57, 1 Litre plastic water bottles. Not only can you do that, but you can also reuse plastic bottles as a normal water bottle.

The Plastic pollution will be out of control in the future if we don’t do anything any time soon. People need to start making a change and if people do, it will make a dramatic change to the percentage to the pollution. If you think of the big picture in the future if we don’t do anything there won’t be a lot of things we would have had 5 years ago. So, if you think about it the future won’t be as great as we wish it to. I hope in the future the world will see the very clear message that this can be changed. Now we are living a very rare lifestyle that many people think is normal.

In conclusion, if every one in australia helped to stop the plastic polution would decrese by 1,368 milloin bottes. If we don’t do any thing about the problem we wont be able to do half the things we can do today because the air pollution would be so bad that you cant go out side, but it can be stopped if every one trys. People can reuse plastic water bottles as if they are a mettle water bottle or a normal reuseable bottle. Always remember that every peace of plastic means a lot.

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How Barbaric were the Mongols?

The Mongols were nomads who conquered from Central Asia to China, Persia, the Middle East, and Russia. They wanted to built an empire. Their power, or control over the empire, lasted about a century, from circa 1200 to 1300. During Genghis Khan’s ruling of the Mongol Empire from 1162-1227, 4,860,00 square miles were conquered, compared to Hitler’s 1,370,000 square miles conquered (Juvaini, Doc E). The meaning of barbarism is the absence of culture and civilization and extreme cruelty and brutality. The Mongols should be seen as a barbaric society due to their practice of execution, use of skilled men and slaves to improve their missions on conquering cities, and their cruel laws. They had an extensive and extreme desire to conquer as much as land as they could.

Mongols had a cruel way of killing people when they conquered cities to expand their empire. Their tactics were inhuman, “often deploying utter disregard for their captives’ lives, the Mongols also used them as human shields. When these human shields died, the Mongols would use their corpses as moat fill” (Chua 99). This shows they have no remorse, they treat prisoners as a thing, a human shield. Another example of this is when they conquered Raizan in Russian in 1237, there were no survivors left according to Russian chroniclers. This shows signs of mass slaughter. When Mongols couldn’t capture any people they threw napalm and sometimes melted human fat onto houses to lure the people out. This is another gruesome way they tried to kill or capture people. They show signs of mass slaughter, many Chinese cities fell. they killed so many people that the streets of China’s capital was covered in human fat and flesh (Brady 2005). They were very aggressive that Chinese maidens even committed suicide when the Mongols were conquering northern China, or the Jurchen Empire (Chua 100). The Chinese maidens didn't want to get abused by Mongol soldiers. A Persian manuscript in circa 1300 shows the execution of a Persian prisoner with other prisoners buried alive upside-down (Doc F). They commited mass destruction to expand their empire.

Mongols also used skilled and experienced men and slaves when they fought. They used people of other countries against them and showed no remorse. When the people surrendered, by their gruesome tactics, they ordered them to state who they are, and when they did, “they seek out the artificers (artisans) among them and keep these, but the others, with the exception of those they wish wish to have slaves, they kill with the axe.” (John of Carpini, Doc D). They only used slaves and people with talent such as artisans and engineers, to help them with future expansion of their empire. They made these skilled men make weapons such as “giant crossbows mounted on wheels, rope-pulled mangonels (single-armed torsion catapults) that hurled stones and flaming liquids”. These weapons were so dangerous that even the army of Samarkand surrendered when they found out about them. Slaves were used to help fight in conquering other cities (Chua 103).

Mongols had such a great want in improving their empire and maintaining their power that they even had harsh laws on their own people to have a stable empire. These laws or rules even had consequences of execution. Mongols had groups of ten people in a battle, ten of these groups were a group of 100. If even one person runs away from a group of ten during a battle, then the whole group of ten get executed, if a whole group often run away, the group of 100 Mongols get executed. This is a cruel punishment since the remaining Mongols did not contribute make other soldiers run away, they were responsible of other soldiers lives while trying to save their lives. Mongols were also responsible for their performance as well, if “one or two or more go forward boldly to the fight then the rest of the ten are put to death if they do not follow”(John of Carpini, Doc C) . Men were required to fight if they were over 14 years old, which is a young age to be on military duty. There is also a brutal law on adultery, if they did commit adultery then they would be executed, no matter if they were convicted before or not.(Ratchnevsky, Doc N). Women were also mistreated, men could have as many wives has they wanted and if a Mongol wanted to marry a married woman he could kill her husband and marry her(Juviani, Doc N) This shows that women don’t have a say in who they want to marry because the man is seen as superior.

One might say that Mongols did not have a lack of culture and civilization which does not make them barbaric. They might say they had “large temples of the court scribes. There are twelve pagan (Buddhist) temples belonging to the different nations, two mosques...and one church for the Christians” (Rubruck, Doc G). This would show the culture that Mongols had and that they aren’t really cruel since they welcome many cultures. They would also say that Mongols made peace by contributing to economic development, political institutions, and cultural diversity of a lot of lands from Pax Mongolica. The affirmative might also say that the (Mongol) Yuan emperors improved transportation and communication by building canals and China’s agriculture and production continued intensely as a result (Halperin, Doc J). Mongols also had a fair rules on hospitality, the husband and wife should show respect for each other and share food, even if there is only a little (John of Plano Carpini, Doc N). But this only happened because of the extensive amount of destruction and people Mongols killed to grow their empire and contribute to this.

In conclusion, the Mongols were barbaric. They had egregious ways of gaining more and more land to stretch their empire. They killed numerous amount of people and used skilled men and slaves to cause even more damage to lands. They even had laws against their own people, breaking some laws would result in execution. They had strict rules and brutal ways of organizing their armies. Their acts of barbarism outweigh the amount of culture and civilization that they had. They took great brutal heights to achieve the successful empire that they had. These are the extreme paths that Mongols took to extend their power.

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“Bullet in the Brain” (literary Analysis)

For most people, having a gun pointed at their head would fill them with immense fear and persuade them to follow the orders of the gun-wielding individual. Unlike most people, Anders from Tobias Wolff’s “Bullet in the Brain” is reluctant to comply with a gunman’s requests when he finds himself in the middle of a bank robbery. Through his witty comments, while facing death and his odd thoughts while dying, Anders’s behaviors prove that his character is unable to act like an ordinary person because of his occupation as a book critic.

Anders’s feisty conversation with the woman in front of him at the bank reveals his inability to be agreeable when talking to others. When the woman makes a snarky remark about the bank teller, Anders turns his “towering hatred” from the teller to the woman (Wolff 30). He is unable to resist the urge of critiquing the woman’s opinion despite their similar situation. Instead of arguing with Anders, the woman “stares past him and says nothing” to avoid further confrontation (Wolff 31). Anders’s obsession with the opinions of others proves that he is at odds with the realistic ways in which normal people communicate. He is unable to disconnect from his work as a critic, leading him to evaluate the words of others without empathy.

When robbers infiltrate the bank, Anders is still unable to keep his thoughts to himself. He is undeterred when the gunman tells him to “…shut your trap” and “…stop looking at me” and continues to critique their word choice (Wolff 31). Instead of following their orders, Anders decides to hang on their every word, questioning their use of the phrase “bright boy” which was “Right out of The Killers” (Wolff 31). His final words were spent laughing to himself about the robber’s use of the word “capiche” prompting the robber to shoot him in the head (Wolff 32). Anders’s disregard for his life during the bank robbery reveal him as an unrealistic character who only cares about himself. The innate fear that normal people have in moments of terror is missing from Anders who is fearless in a nonheroic and self-serving manner.

The description of Anders’s thoughts as the bullet passes through his brain contain unusual memories from his childhood. The narrator mentions the important things that Anders fails to think of while dying such as his family, professors, and ex-lovers. By forgetting these important details of his life, Anders illustrates the unusual events that hold importance in his life that common people find insignificant. The only memory that runs through his head is that of that of the boy who says “short is the best position they is”, and Anders not correcting his painfully incorrect grammar (Wolff 33). This memory humanizes Anders, showing a time where he didn’t care about the words of others and is able to have fun. It illuminates a period in Anders’s life before his work as a book critic takes over how he interacts with the world.

Anders is an unrealistic character in “Bullet in the Brain” by Tobias Wolff. His inability to keep quiet and eagerness to correct others in a time of terror reveal his reckless nature. He directly contrasts the actions and thoughts of ordinary humans that are found in a life-threatening situation. Anders’s occupation as a book critic interferes with his ability to interact with others outside of work. His character serves as a reminder for us to focus on the happy parts of life instead of the miserable ones.

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A Proud Moment of America

What I feel makes me proud of America is that we are a united, liberated, and desirable nation. We, the Americans, show integration in many ways. We need this, for we all work better through teamwork and unity. America shows liberty through our court systems, our say in the government, and our freedoms. Finally, many citizens in different countries have desired the rights, organization, and freedom that the U. S has given to its citizens. The crucial characteristics of unity, liberty, and desire within other foreigners' minds have made me proud of America.

Unity is an important characteristic that makes me proud of living in America. For example, instead of having a dictator, we have various leaders that decide on laws or changes in the community. If the government didn’t work as a team, it would be insane. In addition, the American armies work in unity. The unity doesn't only help the troops, yet it serves them in different ways, too. When the troops work as a team, it promotes sacrificial personalities for their peers. Lastly, we, the United States of America, resemble an assembly through the method of electing our leaders. A majority of Americans agree and to see 'eye to eye' shows a unit of opinion. The attribute of unity is a major characteristic that makes me proud of America.

Liberty and freedom are also contributing articles to my pride in America. For example, if you commit a crime, instead of going orderly into prison, you go to a jury trial. You get the right to prove yourself innocent. In extension, people have a say in the government. It’s fair that all people above the age of sixteen have a say toward the government because it gives a say to the humans who want to make a difference. Lastly, Americans are given liberty because of their right to countless freedoms. For instance, all humans have the right to freedom of speech or to show your opinion peacefully. If you live in a dictatorship or monarchy, you could get the right of speech taken away. This shows that the characteristics of liberty and freedom play a big role in my pride in America.

Ultimately, I am exceedingly proud of America because of the desirable living conditions. For example, the government makes income for all Americans equal based on their job, not their color nor their gender. In addition, all Americans get the freedom of religion and other beliefs. This indicates that it doesn’t matter what religion, nor beliefs you have. You can choose, and no one can criticize you about your religion or any other traditional beliefs. Lastly, America has an extremely low amount of wars, in which this causes peace and helps the government and people work in harmony. Peace is a trait that we should be grateful for because many other countries don’t have peace and suffer from poverty or homelessness. This shows that America is a desirable nation because of its income rates, freedoms, peace, and so much more.

In conclusion, unity, liberty, and the fact that many foreigners desire living conditions in America are some magnificent attributes that make me proud of where America has come. I appreciate the unity the United States has earned throughout the years. Liberty and freedom show respect to humans and their rights. The desirable living circumstances of America are some vital attributes that make me proud of where America has come. I believe that America should be recognized for all of these attributes in which makes me proud.

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My Wedding Day wasn’t the Best Holiday of my Life

I constantly hear people refer to their wedding day as the best day of their life. I used to think something was wrong with me for not sharing this sentiment. My wedding day was beautiful, and having someone to share life’s adventures with is fulfilling in a lot of ways. But I’ve never thought of marriage as the best thing that’s ever happened to me. Here’s how I realized that’s actually a good thing. It’s a lot of pressure to put on someone. I learned the hard way that the person I married is only human, with imperfections and flaws just like me. Rather than living in the moment and accepting every high and low, I was striving for perfection. The seemingly mundane and even frustrating aspects of life are part of every relationship, and trying to push them aside didn’t draw us closer. It only kept us further apart.

As someone who loves to write, it’s easy for me to get caught up in trying to translate romantic narratives into real life situations. Crafting a movie moment out of my wedding day and then writing myself into this great love story of our marriage not only was unrealistic, it was unhealthy. It disconnected me from the realities of our relationship, which distanced us from each other.

My wedding day was a special moment in my life. But it’s one of many. When people give me side-eye for not immediately replying with “my wedding day” when asked to describe the best day of my life, I’m only reminded that I’ve had many good days and many challenging days. I could never differentiate between them because each is unique in its own way. Our wedding was important to both of us, but it’s not the greatest thing either of us will do. We’ll do many great things. We have plans to travel. We each want to focus on our careers. We have goals individually and together. As we continue to learn about each other, we want to encourage one another to grow and change. The process of finding yourself is a lifelong one, and although it can happen with another person encouraging you, it won’t happen because of another person marrying you. This has been one of the most important lessons beyond my wedding day. I’m still my own person. So is my husband.

Before our wedding, a lot of things led me to believe I was being selfish if I ever thought about myself within marriage. But you don’t have to lose yourself to another person when you get married, and the person you’re marrying shouldn’t expect that of you either. After my wedding day, I was still free to learn about myself, make mistakes and become a better version of who I was the day before. My husband and I don’t spend every moment together. We have separate friends. I didn’t change my name. That wasn’t the only thing that didn’t change, either. Honestly, not too much is different. We lived together before we got married, and I was surprised to learn how much stayed the same. This was an unexpected relief. With social media at our fingertips, pop culture displayed in magazines and royal marriages all over the news, the way weddings are romanticized can easily lead you to believe they are a huge, transforming moment in your life. In reality, you just have a companion to walk through it with. Nothing more, and nothing less. Things won’t go to plan anyway. A lot of little details on our wedding day didn’t work out. With so many relatives in one place, it became so much about throwing a party for everyone else.

I realized through trial and many errors that it’s no use trying to make it all perfect, especially because the imperfections can serve as grounding moments that remind you what marriage really is. It’s a chaotic and difficult process, that although not for everyone, is special if it’s something you want. The wedding is just one day. Going into it with realistic expectations was important, and equally as important was holding on to my independence and knowing who I was. The best part of our wedding has come now that it’s over, and I still get to be me. I just have someone I love beside me cheering me on, and that feels great. Our wedding day wasn’t a scene from a movie, and our marriage is not a chapter out of a fairytale. But then again, fairytales aren’t real.

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Landon Goodwin: Struggle in Life

Nearly all people will face different kinds of difficulties in their life. Those difficulties, however, can sometimes become so large that you can hardly recover from it. However, some people, who have a growth mindset, may be able to connect to the world again if any other people give them a helping hand. This is exactly the case for Landon Goodwin, who once addicted on drugs but then use the opportunity given by his cousin to make a difference in his life.

Landon wasn’t used to have a growth mindset. He was so smart when he was young that he never thought about being progressive. As he said himself: “Whenever other guests come to my home with a problem, my parent would always say: ‘give that to Landon to see if he can work out.’” However, he then chose to take drugs. He constantly stole money from his home to buy drugs that one day both his brother and his mother agreed to let him go. From then on, he became a recycler and his life was totally changed.

After becoming a recycler, he changed his mindset. He no longer took drugs, and he worked hard and began to have a good attitude towards life, which was what he learned in church when he was a child. For example, even though he was a recycler and was at the bottom of the society, he always had a smile on his face and he never cried nor complained about the hard life ever once in the movie. Some recyclers may become irritable being a recycler, as they not only have to compete against each other to find the most cans and bottles but have to safely guard those things for the whole day so that no one else would steal things away as well. Dealing with trash cans and bottles is a quite disgusting thing for most people and hardly can anyone keep a good mood if they have to deal with them all day long, but Landon managed to have an optimistic attitude even if life is so hard on him.

Once his brother gave help to him, he stands up nearly immediately. He was given a chance to work as a priest, who is respected and have a stable salary. In this way, his life was totally changed again. For a lot of recyclers, their life would make little change even if they are given help. For example, Jason loves recycling and would not like to change. Even if he was given a chance to go back to normal life, he still addicted to drugs and alcohols. This made his new room so messy that it was unimaginable for people to live in there. Later, Jason returned to live on the street and claimed that he belongs to the street. All of these are much more different to Landon. He has something to pursue in his life. As he said: “I wanna come out of this addiction. I wanna wife. I wanna live a quiet and peaceful life. And it wasn’t until this year that I obtained some of that.” This was really important as his desire was almost the same as common people, which indicated that he was finally ready to go back to a normal life. When I asked him how he could ever overcome the difficulties in his life, he answered me: “I always believe that God would make me through it.” It was this belief that helped him get through the valleys in his life. Isn’t this similar to how growth mindset is defined? By what Carol S Dweck says in Mindset: “this growth mindset is based on the belief that your basic qualities are things you can cultivate through your efforts”.(p.7) Here, Landon used his effort to make a change in his life, even it was only a small chance given by his cousin.

By carefully watching the film, it is not difficult for us to find out that the audio part has already shown that Landon would not be a tragedy. For example, when Landon talked about his life and his past, the music played in the background was not sad at all. Instead, it was just light music as if a common person was talking about his daily life. This was totally different from the music for Miss Kay. When Miss Kay talked about her past and her life, the background music was so sad that it made me want to cry. This was such a distinctive feature in this movie that even if I haven’t reached the end, I already knew that Landon might live the best after he received help while Miss Kay may be a tragedy even if she received help from others and worked so hard by herself.

I think that the visual part captures Landon’s life so carefully when he was still a recycler that we know what director wants to show even if no one ever says a single word. For example, when he was in the recycling center, the camera clearly showed how old his skin is, although he wasn’t even 60 at that time. By contrast, nearly all the scenes of the Landon show that he is smiling whatever things he is doing: talking, remembering his past, working in the recycling center, and even picking up cans and bottles. This can show that he had an optimistic mind even then and as he said by himself: “I got to realize that in 16 years I’ll be 70 years old but I’m not gonna be here very long.” This sentence showed that even at that time Landon had an idea get out of there and no longer became a recycler. This is different on other recyclers. For example, for Jason, the camera especially gave him a scene for him to say the sentence that he belongs to the street and he loves recycling. Even if Landon doesn’t like this work, he still smiled in everyday life. This is exactly the same as growth mindset, as what is mentioned by Dweck in Mindset, those people would work even harder when they meet difficulties as they know they would never know their accomplish without years of hard-working and passion(p.7).

Aside from the growth mindset, love makes Landon who he is. Although in the movie, there were few scenes directly showing that he told others to give love, what he said in class showed that he is a man with true love. For example, he called on us to do “what you do with your love” in the future, and he told me that “never forget to fill yourself with love” when I said that I just want a peaceful life (from the lecture). Even though it is not rare for a priest to have true love, this kind of spirit really contributes to his final success. When I understand this part of his spirit, I went back to the movie again, and I found that there are a lot of places showing that he is a person full of love. After his life got better, Landon began to provide help for his former colleagues that he hopes they can grab the chance and fight hard for a better future. This is shown when he went back to the street and found Sheila. I think that this is because he wants to go back to where he once worked and see if anyone needs any help. Moreover, there is a scene that Landon organized a barbecue around his house with his former colleagues. Both of these cases show that Landon is a person full of love as if not, he can just walk far away from the recycling center and let them struggle by themselves. However, Landon is different, in ways that he still thinks that those recyclers deserve a chance to have a better future, and in ways that his heart is full of love. That’s why he was there, even though he was not considered as a member of “that society” anymore.

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Landon Goodwin: Struggle In Life. (2021, Jul 01). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/07/page/10/

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Landon Goodwin: Struggle in Life