Month: April 2021
The Male Body Image and Toxic Masculinity
Growing up, as a kid I have always been told things like “boys don’t cry” and “that’s so gay” and “are you a girl” or even “don’t be a pussy”. Kids never really think about these things when they are told to them. As a kid you never really question these kinds things that are told to you, you just go with it. A lot of the time kids grow up hearing these things and it actually has a pretty drastic impact on the way they view certain thigs as they grow into an adult. Those phrases I mentioned earlier are things that are said without thinking, those kinds of phrases are engrained in our society’s very roots. The problem not only resides in things people say but also in the things that society expects from males and their stature. Society has a negative stigma set for the male body image that has a negative psychological effect on males. As kids grow up they start to learn from these things that they have learned from society. Not only is it things that males have heard or been taught that affect them, media and advertising has a big part in the negative enforcement of the male body image.
Toxic masculinity and the male body image have many negative effects in today’s society. One of the major contributors of this issue is the role that advertising plays in this problem. “ nearly 18 percent of boys are highly concerned about their weight and physique. They are also at increased risk for a variety of negative outcomes: Boys in the study who were extremely concerned about weight were more likely to be depressed, and more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors such as binge drinking and drug use.” Says Jamie cruz, author of “ Body Image Pressure Increasingly Affects Boys”. While doing my research for this paper I asked 8 of my friends here on campus what came the their mind when I said the phrase “body image”. I was surprised to find that 6 out of 8 of them gave me the same general answer. The people I asked were students of eastern Kentucky who were in a age range of 18-20. The answers I got were all along the line of weight shaming. One of the students even said she thought of body dysmorphia. People generally think that only females struggle with major body issues, but that is the furthest thing from the truth. males struggle with the same insecurities that females do, the only difference is, society has made it to where males aren’t allowed to show or talk about these things openly like females can without being subject to being called “pussy” or a “sissy” or even “gay”. Recently in America there has been an uproar in the modeling industries. People have made it very clear the they want to start seeing “plus size” models appear more often, yet only recently has there been one plus size male model. If you pick up a fashion magazine and you scroll through the pages you will mostly likely find the majority of models in the magazine to be skinny, blonde or brunet, and trying to sexualize what ever modeling situation their picture is of. Many of us aren’t in perfect shape. It is safe to say that being in perfect shape with a six pack and being ripped isn’t at the top of the priorities list for many. A lot of that reason that it isn’t at the top is because it’s just impractical for a lot of people to go to the gym daily, and eat healthy. Many people cant afford to buy the food that is necessary to eat a healthy diet. When young impressionable teenagers see these images of guys who might be close to their age look “sexy” it can really have a negative effect on their self-esteem. People often don’t realize that the models in these different magazines don’t always naturally look like that in person. Many businesses use computer programs to enhance the way the models look on camera. So people should never use models they see in magazines as a valid image to compare themselves to, not that anyone should compare them selves to another person anyways.
“In a culture where one version of feminism has become an obligatory moral norm, pointing out that men fare much worse than women in many indicators of well-being is likely to be interpreted as 'misogynist.' This is a quote from Samuel veissiere, Ph.D. In simple terms he is saying that in today’s society there seems To be a double standard that females are able to the things that males can’t without it being looked at as degrading or backwards. So many people in today’s society are pressed about issues concerning gender and specific “conforming gender rolls” that people loose sight of what really matters. So many double standards are set that things don’t really make sense. Young boys are told that it is not okay for them to play with girls toys or get them to “act” the way a girl does, but my question is what or who decides on what makes those things gender specific? Something that has always puzzled me is why can little girls play with boys toys and it be seen as okay, or even “adorable”, yet little boys can’t play with little girls toys without is being seen as emasculated or without people assuming there is something wrong with the child, a lot of these problems stem from generational issues. These kinds of standards were set along time ago and are still being held up simply out of habit. These issues stem from conforming gender rolls that go back hundreds of years. Things like women belong in the kitchen, men go to war, and even moms need to stay at home with the kids because they are “naturally” more nurturing. These standard were set into place along time ago and the phrase “you can’t teach an old dog new tricks” actually has some credibility here. Older generations are less willing to open their eyes and see that things aren’t what they use to be. It is very hard to make older generations change their mind because they are typically set in their was and not much is going to change that. It is pretty obvious however that times are changing. As time goes on society is becoming more accepting of things that are considered opposite from the “social norms”.
Men feeling bad about themselves isn’t the only side effect of toxic masculinity. It actually goes much farther than that. Suicide, yes that’s correct men actually commit suicide because of the awful things that they are taught/hear growing up and the things that are pushed upon them as adults. This just goes to show that “toxic masculinity” isn’t a joke and is in fact a real thing that can cause REAL problems for men. Toxic masculinity isn’t just something that is made up, it may be an abstract concept but it most certainly isn’t fake. Makes actually represent 77.9%, almost 80% of all suicides in America alone. Suicide is the 7th leading cause of death for males. This can be especially dangerous to young preteens/teens who might be experiencing more changes in their life that subject them to more of a risk of suicide. Teens are very fragile creatures if you will. They need to be treated like a puppy that is being raised and learning behaviors, because it is no doubt that teens are susceptible to picking up certain tendency’s that are displayed around them. Many teens and pre teens are displaying what they have learned from their home life or life outside of social events. If you teach a “dog” that it is okay to attack then that dog will be sure to attack every chance it gets. Rather, if you teach a dog that attacking is not okay and there will be repercussions to its actions, then and only then will that dog see that it can not act the way it does. “Kids” can be very mean sometimes, granted most of it is learned behavior, however kids can be brutal. Bullying is a leading cause in teen suicide. A lot of the bullying that takes place between teen boys is centered around attacking where is hurts most, or where is supposedly is supposed to hurt most”, masculinity. Young teens are able to do this by calling out the ones who act less conforming to social norms. By calling out the ones who don’t enjoy sport, or who prefer hanging out with girls, or who like to do makeup, or even the ones who like other guys. Society has made it “okay” to degrade and call out so called “nonconforming male behavior and beat it to the ground. Which is something that needs to be changed only for the better.
Everyone would like to think that as people get older they learn how to deal with their issues and stresses better, for many this is true, yet there is still a percentage out there that don’t know the proper way to deal with theirs issues/feelings. This can lead to major psychological and physical problems. As males grow into adults they start to learn how to act, what to do and what not to do, and even the social norms that help them “fit in”. And for many people this can be a great solution, to just go with it and live your life without question, but for many this can cause them to run into some pretty serious issues later on down the road. With age comes experience, but this phrase isn’t true to all. A lot of people joke about this thing called a “mid-life crisis”. And yes it can be. Very funny and humorous topic to talk about, but it’s actually a very real and scary thing. This phrase refers to “something that happens to many of us at some point during our lives (usually, at about 40, give or take 20 years). ... Questioning the meaning of life, and the validity of decisions clearly and easily made years before. Confusion about who you are, or where your life is going.” Men who suppress their true feelings and views about things are increasingly more subject to going through a mid-life crisis. People who go through mid-life crises are not generally not in their right state of mind. This can cause irrational behaviors such as: drug use, reckless behavior, financial carelessness, and even suicide. These things are all very real and very serious outcomes to mid life crises. Males can also develop serious mental illnesses from this. Anxiety and depression can become eminent. Another “Social norm” that society had so “kindly” given is, is the stigma that MEN don’t cry or express feelings. This is a big reason that males are more prone to suicide and certain mental illnesses. Apparently men talking about or expressing feelings or emotions is just so completely unfathomable to so many that it is a societal monstrosity in a sense.
The male body image and toxic masculinity play suck a huge tool in determining so many things in a males life. Sometimes it can even determine the quality of life that person may end up with. Many people don’t see the issues of toxic masculinity and male body image as really issues, many see them as abstract things that don’t exist, but they most certainly are real things. Many negative effects come along with the issues as well. Issues such as self harm, carelessness, financial problems, and even suicide, just because you can’t see the problem directly doesn’t mean that it isn’t real. These issues need to be brought into the light and given more thought, it might actually save lives. If these issues are researched and brought to attention, maybe, just maybe we can eliminate toxic masculinity or at least the majority of it.
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The Male Body Image And Toxic Masculinity. (2021, Apr 11).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/04/page/5/
American Masculinity
What do we Americans consider as masculine? Masculinity by definition on Google is the “possession of the qualities traditionally associated with men.” but what kind of qualities makes a man? In the academic article “Masculinity as Homophobia” by the American sociologist Michael S. Kimmel, he stated that “American manhood is rooted in the sphere of production, the public arena, a masculinity grounded not in landownership or in artisanal republican virtue but in successful participation.” Kimmel’s way of elaborating how masculinity is a sense of production translates to the characters in the novel “Fight Club” by Chuck Palahniuk. In the novel, we were introduced to a depressed man “Jack” who is suffering from insomnia, he meets a soap salesman named Tyler Durden. One day after coming home from a trip, Jack finds his condo had been blown up and he finds himself living with Tyler in an abandoned house. The two men later in the novel formed a club with strict rules, where men who were fed up with their lives fight each other to prove something of himself. The club later on extended to becoming something more extreme, creating project mayhem: an organization of army to bring down modern civilization. While reading this novel, we question what Chuck Palahniuk point is, and why did he write the book? Many critics and fans interprets the novel as a call for reclaiming “real masculinity” through violence and social destruction but Palahniuk is actually critiquing the idea that men should try to reclaim true masculinity through violence. Palahniuk critiques that there is no real masculinity to achieve, that it is all fake. Palahniuk demonstrated his critics with the characters Tyler Durden, Robert Paulson and with the ending of the novel.
Nowadays boys are fixated on being masculine, but we don’t know what that means anymore, because with everything a man does wrong he is viewed as “feminine”. Boys follow the outdated model of a masculine man just like the one Tyler Durden is portrayed as. The ideal typical masculine man, he is strong, handsome, self made, independent man, and he is not to be vulnerable. In the short article “The boys are all not all right” by Michael Ian Black, he elaborates his point on how boys nowadays suffer from society norms. “Boys, though, have been left behind. No commensurate movement has emerged to help them navigate toward a full expression of their gender. It's no longer enough to 'be a man' we no longer even know what that means”. In that quote Black agrees that there isn’t an ideal figure for masculinity, because there isn’t a ideal movement for it, we all see masculinity as different understandings and figures that there isn’t just one ideal way anymore, and that is torturing the gender norm. Palahniuk also agrees with Black but in a different way, he just doesn’t think masculinity ideals are real and he mocks Tyler Durden for that. Tyler and Jack both came up with the idea of Fight Club but Tyler proceeds to wanting something more demanding and he created Project Mayhem. Fight Club gave men a purpose to rediscover their raw “masculinity”, and accordinging to the novel masculinity means willing to feel pain, and dishing pain out to other people. In the novel while Jack and Tyler were in the parking lot, Tyler asked Jack to hit him, and gave his reasoning to why he wanted to get hit, he explains “about not wanting to die without any scar, about being tired of watching only professionals fight, and wanting to know more about himself”. To Tyler Durden masculinity is a physical state; the awareness of one’s body, and the willingness to use one’s body to satisfy aggressive needs. Tyler did not have an ideal identification of masculinity except for violence. He saw violence as a way to escape reality and society because he believed that society is what was emasculating men. Masculinity is something that's controlled it's natural, and it’s something that men are associated with but Tyler does the opposite of that he saw masculinity as something to show off. After creating the Fight Club and not getting enough he started Project Mayhem with his followers where they were apart of series of dangerous terrorist attack, and that's when he gets out of control. Tyler is now more focused on destruction, violence and brutality, and that’s not what makes a man. Jack begins to see Project Mayhem with its overly eager embrace of the more aspect of masculinity, aggression and violence, and tried to stop it but that’s when we find out that Jack has been Tyler the whole time, that Tyler was a made up character of Jack’s, that Jack is not real at all. Palahniuk critiques that belief, Palahniuk suggests that there is no such thing as real masculinity and we see that when we learn to find out that Tyler Durden is not real and in that sense masculinity ideals are not either.
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American Masculinity. (2021, Apr 11).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/04/page/5/
The Future of Masculinity
What makes a man? The qualities associated with men always include words like power, strength, aggressiveness, and lack of emotions. From a young age, boys are taught these standards and are expected to follow them or else they are ostracized and looked down on. Men are pressured to conform to society’s standards of masculinity in fear of being rejected by their peers even if they do not believe in what they are doing. Where do they learn their behaviors and perceived necessary qualities? Boys learn from other men as they watch males in their lives like dads or older siblings and watch characters in movies such as superheroes and buff boys. On the other hand, the female role is much different than the male’s. They are seen as weak and having unpleasant qualities such as excessive display of emotions, lack of physical strength, and represent vulnerability. But with the rise of feminism, women are becoming more important and powerful in society. Their roles in society are shifting and men are becoming scared. The males in society feel trapped and pressured by societal standards and as females rise in power they are becoming more confused about their old role in society and are losing their identity of a “true man.” But, instead of focusing on becoming better men or women, society needs to focus on becoming better humans.
In Michael Ian Black’s, “The Boys are Not All Right”, he states, “the man who feels lost but wishes to preserve his fully masculine self has only two choices: withdrawal or rage” (Black). Boys do not show their emotions, they hide it away and shove everything down because being emotional or speaking about your feelings is seen as a negative feminine quality. Vulnerability is a weakness and boys do not want to be seen as weak. Instead, they hide their emotions, or they will take it out in the form of violence including fighting or even violence against women. This is where school shootings come into play. The equation is simple, boys, excessive buried emotions, anger, and now guns are added. This all leads to the new popularity of school shootings. The boys in society do not have a model on how to deal with anger and grief. Maybe if society was more accepting of vulnerability in men, boys could share their emotions in healthy ways and heal together. So, until vulnerability is normalized for boys, violent behavior will continue, and people will continue being hurt.
The idea of men needing to be aggressive and violent needs to come to an end because society is past following stereotypes and standards. People break their backs and hurt themselves trying to put themselves in boxes that are forced onto them. People do not have the freedom to be themselves because of stereotypes and are unhappy as a result. If the stigmatism against vulnerability in men stopped, men could express their emotions in healthy ways and get the help they need. Boys are hurt, and they will continue to hurt in silence until society allows them to show their fear and pain. Having emotions makes individuals more human and should not make men less masculine.
In Jerry Rockwood’s, “About Men; Life Intrudes”, he tells an anecdote of the time his son got into a fight with his school bully. Rockwood himself was always a very quiet and non-aggressive boy which is the complete opposite of societal standards of men. He passes these qualities down to his son who is quite similar to his father in the way that he “shrink[s] back or turn[s] away from unpleasantness” (Rockwood). It is not until his son gets into a fight with his bully at school and loses the fight that he reevaluates whether teaching his son to shun aggression was a good idea. Rockwood asks, “If we can't train the street fighters to be gentlemen, must we train the gentlemen to be street fighters?” (Rockwood). This shows that the stereotype of men needing to be strong and aggressive is a big issue for boys because whether they want to or not they feel the need to fill their expectations of masculinity.
Aggression and violence have always been the answer for men. These qualities are often encouraged because society views these as typical standards to measure masculinity. In order to prove ones’ masculinity, he must assert his strength because strength is associated with power and men are supposed to be the power holders. Boys feel the need to show this strength and power through physical engagements using violence. Even if a boy is not naturally inclined to be aggressive, he still feels the need to live up to the expectation in order to feel validated. If a boy cannot fight, he is called a girl but why is being a girl such a bad thing? Violence should not be part of the equation to masculinity. Masculinity is focused on hurting rather than helping and what society needs is the helping and to stop the hurting.
In Justin Baldoni’s, “Why I’m Done Trying to Be Man Enough,” he mentions he wants to become “not just a good man but be a good human” (Baldoni). This is a topic that needs to be discussed. Men are focused solely on becoming better men, but what they do not think about is trying to become a better person in general. They strive for qualities that are considered masculine like competitiveness, strength, and aggressiveness and they avoid traits like compassion, humbleness, and kindness. These traits are stigmatized as feminine qualities and men contemn them. But these are qualities everyone should have in order to make society a better place. Kindness and humbleness are needed and should not be looked down on or left to the female population. The male population needs to put their ego’s aside and strive for greatness in other ways. Stop promoting so called “masculinity” and start promoting human kindness.
Men need a “safe space” for vulnerability. Men need to be allowed to show emotions and without the fear of becoming less of a man as a result. They need to be taught that it is okay to be open and be honest with their emotions because at the end of the day, everyone has emotions just not everyone has the “freedom” to express them. Emotional vulnerability is a right that everyone has, it just needs to become a norm for men to start using it. Men need to use their strength and bravery to step outside of their stereotypes and branch out into more feminine qualities. When we stop negating feminine qualities and seeing vulnerability as a bad thing, then we as humans can start embracing these characteristics. Vulnerability is not a weakness, it’s a strength because it allow people to be truthful and be honest with themselves without fear.
What the world needs are better people, not better men. Femininity needs to be encouraged not discouraged. Masculinity does not need to be abolished but needs to be looked at in a different light. Boys can still be seen as the protectors and the strong ones, but not every male has to follow that path. Females can take on masculine roles and males can take on female ones. The line should begin to be blurred and gender roles need to be abolished. People should be who they want to be without the boundaries of stereotypes and roles. Society needs to focus on becoming better people not instead of following old molds. Individuals should focus on what makes them happy not what societal standards expect from them.
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The Future Of Masculinity. (2021, Apr 11).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/04/page/5/
The Relationship between Masculinity and Depression
There is expansive proof of men's hesitance to look for help for emotional wellness issues. Studies support the by and large held suspicion that men are more outlandish than ladies to get help from psychological wellness experts for issues (1). A group of experimental exploration has investigated explanations behind help-chasing choices just as administration use conduct among men with depression. Exploration frequently proposes that men's assistance looking for conduct in regards to depression is ascribed to conventional manly standards, for example, being solid, effective, confident, in charge, and able, alongside an accentuation on keeping away from feelings (2). In accordance with this, having depression is depicted as being "inconsistent" with customary masculinity because of the way that enthusiastic encounters in depression are connected to womanliness; depression is frequently joined by sensations of weakness and absence of control; and the experience of depression regularly leaves individuals feeling powerless and helpless (3). Consequences of an efficient audit of subjective examinations on men's perspectives on depression affirmed the effect of standards concerning manly jobs on men's mentalities toward depression and help-chasing (4). Getting backing or looking for help was related with the danger of being mocked or minimized just as being viewed as "unmanly" by others.
Further investigations of a precise audit allude to the unfavorable impacts of male job assumptions and prevailing burdens to perform well as family suppliers and fathers with ramifications for help-chasing conduct. Depression was every now and again saw as a danger to men's jobs as family supplier and numerous members revealed sensations of deficiency and ineptitude contrasted with their circumstance before depression (4). Contrasted with other serious diseases, depression was depicted as a "specific test to masculinity" and experienced as "otherness" either concerning different men or contrasted with the individual they used to be (4). Fathers with psychological wellness issues experienced hospitalization and prescription as a disturbance to their daily routines and the existences of their relatives and kept them from "being there" for their accomplices (5). A meta-insightful survey on impacts of fatherly depression on fathers' nurturing practices upholds this presumption. Studies showed that fatherly depression has huge, however little, consequences for nurturing, with discouraged dads exhibiting diminished positive and expanded negative nurturing practices (i.e., parental commitment) (6). As opposed to the unfavorable impacts of family job assumptions, research featured the strong capacity of the family during the assistance looking for measure (7, 8).
Notwithstanding the effect of assumptions about male jobs on help-chasing conduct, studies uncovered positive just as regrettable encounters of (emotional wellness) administration use among men with depression. A new subjective investigation alluded to clashes that men experienced according to energizer use (9). From one viewpoint, prescription was seen as a manner by which men stated their power over challenges; then again, antidepressants were viewed as a hindrance to enthusiastic and actual imperativeness, for instance by subverting sexual capacity. Further discoveries alluded to the job of general professionals (GPs) with regards to treating men's depression. In spite of the fact that reviews brought up that men were more than once observed to be half as prone to look for help for psychological well-being worries from a GP contrasted with ladies (7), others underlined GPs' capacity as a pathway to emotional wellness administrations (10). Further examinations uncovered ways men convey their depression inside in-and outpatient administrations. While conversations about depression with medical care suppliers were depicted as abnormal for men (11), studies investigated whether a difference in setting further developed admittance to therapy for normal mental problems with regards to emotional well-being administrations. Examination tracked down that a higher extent of men with psychological wellness issues looked for help by means of psychotherapeutic conference in the working environment contrasted with standard psychosomatic outpatient care (12).
Despite the fact that customary manly standards assume a significant part in supporting men's hesitance to look for help, subjective examinations showed that a few men appeared to profit from simply similar standards by seeing these goals as a solid asset (13). While a few men related depression with frailty and absence of control, others depicted the recuperation as a brave battle from which they arose a lot more grounded (3). Moreover, there is some proof that men don't really buy in to customary standards yet exhibit elective types of masculinity (4). These investigations proposed that a few men separated themselves from customary manly standards by underlining their affectability in adapting to and using in-and outpatient benefits because of burdensome indications (3).
In spite of arising proof for the variety of men's encounters of help-chasing and administration use, many investigations give a one-dimensional comprehension of psychological well-being conduct among men with depression, including decreased assistance use. Past this, there is an absence of information on how men's particular necessities in instances of depression are tended to by emotional well-being administrations. Also, the effect of standards concerning conventional manly jobs for men with depression who have effectively used emotional well-being administrations is muddled. Past examinations on emotional well-being experts' view about the effect of male sex for the treatment of men with depression stress the need to foster sex delicate administrations (14). From one viewpoint, results allude to the need of attention to the job of sex and that its suggestions for emotional wellness treatment ought to be a necessary piece of psychological well-being experts' schooling and the regular act of psychological wellness treatment. Then again, more proof is expected to foster psychological wellness administrations dependent on the encounters of men with depression. This examination consequently means to investigate encounters and perspectives toward depression, help-chasing and administration use among men with depression who have as of now used emotional wellness administrations to foster sex delicate administrations.
In spite of the force of customary manly standards as a deterrent to looking for help, our discoveries demonstrate a difference in mentalities toward administration use during the members' recuperation measures. Our subjective examination pinpointed a basic position toward manly standards just as a salutogenic viewpoint on burdensome disease and administration use encounters among interviewees subsequent to looking for help. As opposed to the supposition that mental help use negates masculinity (27), our outcomes show that depression and administration use were reflectively seen as an asset to help with changing destructive perspectives, e.g., toward disguised maladaptive work designs. This is in accordance with late efficient audits of studies on the job of masculinity in men's emotional well-being administration use (4, 7). Subjective investigations have likewise investigated the qualities of inspirational perspectives during and after the psychological assistance looking for measure (28, 29). Exploration has discovered that men created positive adapting procedures in the wake of using psychological well-being administrations by acquiring a more prominent individual mindfulness during the recuperation interaction. These procedures gave another viewpoint on their circumstance, and they quit making progress toward flawlessness in work and life (13). Close by the speculation of a change of perspectives toward maladaptive work designs among men with depression, our discoveries could likewise be talked about in the light of changing mentalities toward work in everybody. Consequences of an examination about work esteems across ages proposes that laborers from the age of conservatives put more significance on status and independence than people born after WW2 or Generation X specialists (30).
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The Relationship Between Masculinity And Depression. (2021, Apr 11).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/04/page/5/
The Play ‘Trifles’: Masculinity Problem
Many men often overlook small but important characteristics of their environment due to the excessive amount of masculinity that they possess. However, women are sometimes cognizant of the things that men overlook. Susan Glaspell, author of the play Trifles, wrote about Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hale, who find the truth in a murder investigation managed by three men . The themes in this play are established in its opening scenes. The play closely examines the complicated relationships between wives and husbands, particularly a turbulent marriage that ends in murder. This is reflected in the setting of the messy kitchen. Throughout the play, the women stand together, highlighting their loyalty to each other over their husbands, and the way they have been shoved together by their male-dominated society, a topic further explored in the play. The three men, blinded by the masculinity expected of them in the early 1900s, could not find any evidence linking Mrs. Wright to the murder of her husband Mr. John Wright. However, the two women find evidence and store it away to never be seen again. This play shows how too much masculinity can blind someone to what is really important in the moment. In the play, Glaspell portrays men as being undercut by female authority and overlooking the evidence, such as the messed up stitching, and the dead bird that the two women notice with ease .
During the play, the women discover a quilt that Minnie was in the process of making . They noticed that her stitching was very careless towards the end. She began to fix the quilt saying “bad sewing always made me fidgety” . She fixes the quilt’s stiching so that the men would not know Mrs. Wright was in disarray at the time of her husband’s murder . From the women's point of view, the men drove them into chaos and they deserved whatever they had coming to them. Due to this, the women could see that the careless stitching was a direct effect of her husband’s lack of love towards her. While the stitching was a sign of the neglect that Mr. Wright showed towards his wife, there is other evidence that coincides with the stitching.
Late in the story, the women find a dead bird wrapped in a silk cloth stored neatly in a beautiful box. Mr. Peters states in the story that “Somebody—wrung—its—neck .” The dead bird is the evidence that would explain Minnie’s motive for killing her husband. All of the evidence leading up to this discovery suggests that Mr. Wright was the one to break the bird’s neck. He does so to antagonize his wife and to show her that he still dominates the house. Wright killed her bird - her only companion in her lonely house - and so in return she killed him. Mrs. Hale sees instantly that the dead bird is more than mere evidence of motive. It also shows the obvious pattern of emotional abuse that Minnie endured at the hands of her husband. The women hide the bird from the men, who are still mocking the women for their interest in the unfinished quilt, so that it can not become evidence implicating Mrs. Wright of her husband’s murder . Mrs. Hale lied to the men, and told them “We think the cat got it.” (Glaspell 1205), when they asked why there was not a bird in the cage. The discovery of the birdcage introduces the concept of isolation and imprisonment into the play. The presence of the cage connects to Minnie’s situation, isolated like she was in her husband’s house . While this is crucial, later in the scene Mrs. Hale expresses her frustration with herself for not visiting Minnie more often. She says “I stayed away because it weren’t cheerful—and that’s why I ought to have come. I—I’ve never liked this place”. Mrs. Hale’s guilt over not visiting Minnie shows that she understands Minnie’s loneliness - even that she knew of Minnie’s loneliness before these events - but that she put her own life and husband before trying to help Minnie. The two women are able to find the crucial evidence easier than any of the three men could during this time but due to society being highly masculine they too were unable to recognize that it truly was evidence. While they do not realize it is evidence, they choose to hide the dead bird from the three men because they are scared of the masculinity that would be expressed unto them if the men were to find out that they had tampered with evidence.
The three men continue to be blinded by their masculinity as the women hide evidence that could easily be recognized. As the women are talking about the messed up stitching the sheriff makes fun of them saying, “They wonder if she was going to quilt it or just knot it!” followed by all of the men laughing. The blinding masculinity that they possess is being undercut by the intelligence and poise of the two women. They also ignore the jars of preserves that Mrs. Wright had prepared and put in the cabinet. The women know that no women in her right mind would have let those preserves go to waste. The men are again undercut by the women as they know her husband had to have been abusive.
As the play continues, evidence incriminating Minnie is found by the women and quickly covered up, as the men were busy dismissing them. Trifles, is a literary tool used to convey the suppression and hardships that women had to endure because of the “devaluation” in a male dominance oriented society . Men tend to focus on the evidence that is right in front of them instead of looking for things that are hidden from their sight . The three men in the play repeatedly dismiss things that they deem beneath their concern such as the quilting and the missing bird. They deem things such as these as a woman’s concern . The men fail to recognize that they have forced the women’s concern over these things, a direct result of not allowing them to become concerned with anything else . Furthermore, the men’s dismissal reflects a larger mindset of devaluing women and their interests and opinions in general. Ironically, this constant dismissal ultimately causes the foolish men to overlook the very evidence they seek .
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The Play 'Trifles': Masculinity Problem. (2021, Apr 11).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/04/page/5/
Types of Parenting Based on Baumrind’s Parenting Styles
Introduction
In this week’s Journal, I will be talking about the types of parenting based on Baumrind’s four original parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and rejecting/neglecting. But firs we need to understand what each of the following types are. After I breakdown the types of parenting developed by Baumrind, I will talk about two types of them from information I collected from a friend and my own experience with my father. Before I start, here is a quick bio on Diana Blumberg Baumrind.
She was the first of two daughters born to Hyman and Mollie Blumberg, a lower middle-class couple residing in one of New York's Jewish enclaves. Diana, the eldest in an extended family of female cousins, inherited the role of eldest son, which allowed her to participate in serious conversations about philosophy, ethics, literature, and politics. Many of Diana's teachers were closet Marxists who reinforced her social consciousness and strengthened her philosophical grounding in dialectical materialism. Diana earned an AB in philosophy and psychology at Hunter College. Baumrind studied developmental, clinical, and social psychology, earning the MA in 1951 and PhD. in 1955.
Four types of parenting
In the 1960’s Dr. Diana Baumrind developed the four types of parenting. She did that by studying the relationship between parents and their children in their homes. The first one is Authoritative Parenting; this type of parenting is probably the best form of educating your child/children. It does demand more from parents but it’s very high in rewards. It’s a balance between a firm education and encouragement, it also allows the child/children be part of decision making.
The next one is the Authoritarian Parenting; this form of parenting is very demanding as well; however, it could create issues while educating you kids this way. It uses a base of “do it because I said so” and it demands blind obedience from your little one. Needless to say, the child has no imputes opinion in decision making.
This third one I believe we see it a lot and I think that most parent may confuse it with Authoritative Parenting, Permissive Parenting; this style is based on the fear of disappointing the children, parents will indulge their kids and most likely will not enforce any rules. This style has the illusion you are doing what is right but in fact you are encourage them to expect that everything is done their way. The last one is probably an epidemic in this era we live in, Neglectful Parenting; The name says it all. Parents that falls under this type of parenting are usually uninvolved with their kids’ life. This is extremely harmful in short and especially long term.
The research
The first case study is my own thinking back from my up bring looking back I had all four forms of parenting my mother was and still is permissive and neglectful, more permissive than the other and my father was authoritarian and authoritative now more authoritative.
This huge difference on the up bring was very difficult because it didn’t really gave me a foundation. When I was with my mother I could do pretty much what I wanted and get what I wanted and when I was with my father I had rules and little saying. My school grades were always better when I lived with my father opposed to when I lived with my mother, I was rewarded based on my school accomplishments whereas my mother would bribe me and not enforce good grades.
My behavior was very much toward manipulative, if dad said no mom would definably say yes. My mother’s behavior does match her parenting style, she was often neglected as a child, so I believe her combinations makes sense she probably compensated with being permissive, which could be in her mind a very caring and giving mom.
On my dad’s case I believe he compensated different, he was also neglected and had to follow orders blindly, so his attempted to not repeat the same was based on the combination of both authoritarian and authoritative starting with the first one and evolving to the second one. I want to make sure I love them both and that I was blessed with little damage if any.
Kate S. is a mother of 3 and it may be a rare thing in our days because her husband is a present and loving father. After chatting about their relationship with their kids, It was clear to me that she used a combination of both authoritarian and authoritative. A good example she gave me was that if they (parents) said “we are going to Orlando” once thaer the kids would have a saing on to where to go first. It’s a nice balance.
When I asked her which of the two types her kids respond better she said “when we allow them to pitch in on decisions”. Kate also confirmed that the way she parents her kids, is the same way her and her husband was parented.
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Four Main Parenting Styles
Introduction
In the world of psychology and sociology today, there are four main styles of parenting. These styles are as follows: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful or uninvolved and authoritative . Each of these styles has their own balance of parental support and control. Authoritarian parents show low amounts of support and high amounts of control. Parents with this type of parenting style may be seen as a dictator to the child or children. The expectations and demands of the parents may not be reasonable and the parents offer little to no emotional support in return. Permissive parents have high levels of support but low levels of control. This may sound like the ideal parenting style to some children, but the lack of boundaries and discipline in this parenting style can do more harm than good. Authoritative parenting is characterized by high parental support and low parental control. These parents are reasonable with their demands and reward the child accordingly, as well as provide them with the love and support they need. Neglectful or uninvolved parenting is characterized by low amounts of parental support and low amounts of parental control. These parents do not offer good role models for their children. The child’s physical and emotional needs may often go unmet. The type of parenting style a child experiences throughout their childhood can have strong effects on the rest of their life. This will be explored later. It is vitally important for parents to recognize their own parenting style and be willing to make changes to provide a better environment for their children to learn and grow.
Parenting Styles in Detail
In order to gain a better understanding of how parenting styles affect children, it is important to fully understand each parenting style and what it looks like. According to Benokraitis, simply put, a parenting style is “a general approach to interacting with and disciplining children” . As briefly mentioned earlier, there are two dimensions that make up a parenting style, support and control. Support describes the amount of emotional caring and affection the child receives from the parent. Control is the amount of flexibility a parent gives to the child in regards to their behavior. Both of these dimensions can range from being barely existent, to extreme .
Authoritarian parents are the strictest out of the four parenting styles. Discipline is based on punishment and the blind obedience. Some parents may even resort to physical or emotional punishment when a child does not adhere to the strict standards of the family. These types of parents may offer little explanation behind their rules and regulations and may revert to the “because I said so” excuse more often than other parents. There is little or no room for error on behalf of the child and when the child makes a mistake, they may be punished, regardless of the circumstances. Authoritarian parents offer small amounts of warmth towards their children, and often only disperse it when their unreasonably strict standards are followed. Structure is important for children, but too much of it can be just as damaging, especially when there is no love and nurturing involved. Because of this, authoritarian parenting is not an ideal, nor a healthy parenting style.
Permissive parenting can also be harmful to children. While permissive parents score highly in terms of emotional support and care, there is little or no structure. Even if there is a small amount of structure, parents may change their own rules depending on the child’s mood or other circumstances. These types of parents may be trying to avoid confrontation, or they may simply not care. In other cases, parents may be trying to be their child’s best friend as opposed to their parent. The parent-child dynamic is much different from the friend-to-friend one. Children need a parental figure to look up to and lean on in times of trouble. The lack of structure and inconsistency in discipline that is typical of this parenting style can lead to issues not only in childhood, but in adulthood too .
Neglectful or uninvolved parenting can be considered one of the most harmful styles of parenting. While parents may fluctuate through some of the other styles of parenting, they do not often enter into the neglectful category. This style of parenting is characterized by extreme physical or emotional neglect. There are very low levels of parental support and control. Neglectful parents may need professional intervention in order to foster healthy communication and relationships in the home and to provide a healthy environment for the child to develop in. While permissive parenting also has low levels of parental control, neglectful parenting is much more severe, in combination with the lack of parental support. Neglectful parents are not just hands-off of their children, they are noticeably absent, to the point of rejecting their own child. Intervention is important for this parenting style in order to limit the amount of damage the parents have on the children .
Authoritative parenting is considered the most balanced and beneficial parenting style of the four styles. Authoritative parents have high levels of parental control, which provides the reasonable kind of structure children need to develop into healthy adults, balanced with high levels of parental support. In this parenting style, parents and children have an open line of communication to discuss structure and reasons behind it without the child having the fear of being reprimanded. Children can also talk about other issues they may be having without the fear of judgement. This open communication is one of the key differences between authoritative and authoritarian parenting. It leads to understanding from the child’s standpoint, and they may be more willing to follow structure because of this. This parenting style helps set a child up for being independent in adulthood.
Parenting Style’s Effect on Children
Parenting styles can have a great impact on how a child grows up, whether positively or negatively. Authoritarian parenting tends to influence a child negatively. Children who grow up in these kinds of homes tend to be more dependent on others, passive, and conforming. The strictness of their parents leads to this kind of behavior later in life. Children in authoritarian homes are not allowed to think for themselves, and thus rely on others instead. Children in authoritarian homes also are less creative and less socially adept. Social and externalization problems are common in authoritarian style homes. These children also struggle to have good conflict resolution skills. There tends to not be much, if any conflict resolution in their home because what the parents say goes. When these children grow up, they are unprepared to handle compromises. Because of their parent’s lack of emotional support, these children tend to rely on their peers as a source for moral advice. This could lead to early indulgence in risky behaviors such as sex, drugs or alcohol. Authoritarian parenting is overall a strongly negative parenting style, not only because of the strain it puts on family dynamics, but also because of the effects it has on the children later in life .
Permissive parenting also leads to problems in a child’s life. Children of permissive parents tend to have lower levels of academic achievement. This could be because parents offer no help with the child’s studies, or because parents do not encourage their children to finish their work and to finish it well. The children from these homes also tend to have a lack of impulse control. Because their parents do not tell them no, these children are used to getting what they want. This immaturity could easily lead to issues later down the road when the children encounter the real world and could be part of the reason why these children are more likely to indulge in heavy drinking. Children from permissive families also tend to be less happy than children in a healthier, authoritative family. The lack of parental structure can lead to the child feeling as if they need to be the adult in the family.
As one could assume, neglectful parenting also has harmful effects on children. In this kind of family, children are lacking the support and structure they need, as well as potentially lacking in the satisfaction of physical needs, such as not going hungry. Children from neglectful homes are often immature and withdrawn. They tend to be underachieving in many different aspects, including academically. Neglected children have a high risk of drug use and bullying, perhaps to compensate for the lack of family support. Neglected children also tend to become rebellious when confronted with authority figures. They are not used to dealing with someone trying to dictate their actions because their parents fail to offer that structure .
Authoritative parenting offers the healthiest outcomes for children. Children from authoritative parents tend to have high levels of family interaction, even when the children move out. Authoritative parenting fosters healthy communication skills and can lead to a closeness between the family. Children from authoritative homes tend to have high academic achievements, high self-esteem, and higher levels of psychosocial maturity. These children are also more likely to be cooperative with other people and be better team players. Children who have authoritative parents tend to have more positive outcomes in life compared to children from other parenting styles. Authoritative children are able to be more positively independent than their counterparts. Growing up with a certain parenting style can also have an influence on what parenting style the children will employ when they themselves become parents.
Conclusion
In conclusion, parenting styles are vitally important to the development of children and even to the outcomes of their adult lives. Of the four parenting styles, authoritative is considered the healthiest. The high levels of parental support and structure provide a strong, healthy environment for children that teaches them good communication and conflict resolution skills. Children then can go on to employ these skills in their own adult lives and with their own children. On the other side of the situation, unhealthy outcomes can also follow children into their adulthood. Interventions can be made, but not all of the damage can be undone. It is important for parents to understand their parenting style, and even the parenting style of their own parents, in an attempt to correct unhealthy patterns and bring love, respect, and structure to their children; their future very well could depend on it.
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Identifying and Evaluating Parenting Styles
Introduction
The topic of this paper is parenting styles. The paper will mainly focus on the four different parenting styles commonly used today: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and neglectful. The classification of these four parenting styles, base on the work done by Baumrind, mainly depends on the demandingness and responsiveness of parents. Demandingness refers to parents' expectations and the rules they set for children. Responsiveness refers to the degree of warmth, sensitivity and acceptance of parents.
In this paper, three pairs of parent will be discussed and classified into Baumrind's parenting styles base on their behaviors.
Project Objective
The main purpose of this project is to identify and evaluate different parenting styles with real-life examples.
According to Baumrind and other past research, parenting styles can have significant long-term impacts on children's self-esteem, social skills and even school work. Therefore, they are is essential to study and distinguish.
Participants
The three parent-toddler pairs are labeled 'Pair A', 'Pair B' and 'Pair C' respectively.
Pair A consists of Father A, Mother A, and their three-year-old daughter Daughter A. Pair B consists of Father B, Mother B, their five-year-old daughter Daughter B1, and their two-year-old daughter Daughter B2. Pair C consists of Father C, Mother C and their children Son C and Daughter C, both at around the age of three.
Procedure
All my observations were made in the Walt Disney World Resort. There I paid close attention to the many parent-toddler pairs around me, especially those with typical parenting styles.
Since the classification of Baumrind's parenting styles mainly bases on the parents' demandingness and responsiveness, I need to assess their levels of support, warmth and also their levels of control. This requires observation of their behaviors, tone, facial expressions, and many other behavioral clues.
I also kept an eye on how the passersby reacted to the children. Their reactions can be taken into consideration when evaluating a child's personality development, and when projecting his or her future success.
Results and Analysis
Pair A
Out of Baumrind's four parenting styles, I would classify Pair A into the 'permissive' type. The characteristics of the permissive parenting style are high responsiveness and low demandingness. Permissive parents are usually warm and responsive, but at the same time too indulgent and lenient.
As described in the appendix, Father A was constantly trying to interact with Daughter A. When Daughter A became upset, her parents responded quickly and actively. In general, Parents A were very responsive and sensitive to their daughter's emotional and other needs. They gave their daughter enough warmth and attention. However, even though they seemed aware that Daughter A's behavior was wrong, in the end, they still chose to give in. Those behaviors are all very typical in permissive parenting. Therefore, parenting styles categorization is very helpful when describing the interaction between parents-toddler pair A.
In permissive parenting, there are usually enough interactions but too few boundaries.
Permissive parenting can cause many negative outcomes such as a lack of poor social skills and even egocentrism. Daughter A rarely responded to Father A's reaching out; parents A also seemed to be accustomed to their daughter's indifference. Permissive parenting may also lead to a lack of self-control, which already reflected on Daughter A's behaviors when she was rejected. Under such parenting, Daughter A may face many social problems in the future.
Pair B
Parents-toddler pair B is more tricky to classify.
In terms of responsiveness, Parents B were not as involved or supportive with their children. There were few interactions between parents and the two daughters. While eating, the parents did not attempt to engage in any conversation with the children. Even during their conflict, there were not many words exchanged between the family. Parents B chose to ignore the cry of the daughters. There is obviously a lack of warmth between their interaction.
While Mother B did demand her daughter to stop crying, it is hard to determine the demandingness of parent-toddler pair B within a few minutes of observation. The parenting style of Parents B would be classified as either authoritarian or neglectful parenting.
Both parenting styles can lead to many negative outcomes in child development. Because of parents' low responsiveness, children generally have lower self-esteem. Children grew up in this kind of home environment tend to be more insecure and may face more problems later on in relationships.
Base on the appearance and the language spoken by Parents B, they are likely to be an immigrant family. According to past research, children from minority families may perform better in school and work under stricter rules. With this in mind, authoritarian parenting may not have as many negative outcomes.
In the case of parents-toddler pair B, parenting styles categorization would not describe their interaction accurately. There are more factors to consider and less information gathered from the observation.
Pair C
Within the few minutes' of observation, Parents C showed both high responsiveness and high demandingness. Their parenting style can be classified as authoritative parenting.
Parents C showed much attention and care to the children. The fact that Mother C was able to name every character on the Disney parade showed that she must have been very involved in her children's daily life. Besides the warmth and care, Mother C was also very clear with rules and boundaries. When the children made mistakes, she did not hesitate to correct them. Rather than directly demanding obedience, she also let her children know the reason why they were wrong. She also stuck to her rules and did not compromise. She was able to find a balance between rules and warmth - by letting her children stand on their strollers, they can have a better view without occupying other people's spots.
With high expectations and high Authoritative parenting is considered the healthiest parenting style. It is associated with many positive outcomes: more self-esteem, better social skills, and even higher academic and job performance. Children of authoritative parents tend to be happier and more independent. Therefore given my observation, Children C are more likely to be the most successful in the future.
Other Things to Consider
While the three parents-toddler pairs I chose to present are already quite typical, the classification may still not be accurate. First of all, the categorization of parenting styles is based on long-term behaviors of parents. It is hard to determine the responsiveness and demandingness of parents within a few minutes of observation.
Additionally, the location of my observation may also affect the results. In the setting of an amusement park, it is hard to determine the attitude of parents in daily life.
Also, a child's development is affected by many different factors. A child's future success should not be determined by how their parents behaved under my unobtrusive observation.
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Identifying And Evaluating Parenting Styles. (2021, Apr 11).
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Contrast of Authoritative Parenting and Permissive Parenting Styles
Positive discipline is essential to the child’s developmental process. One vital element in child discipline is parenting styles. Many parents have their own way to discipline their child or children. Children have many different types of personalities that may challenge different parenting styles which in one way or another affect the child developmental process. The various parenting styles commonly used in bringing up the children include authoritative, permissive, uninvolved and authoritarian styles. In this paper I'm going to talk about authoritative parenting contrast to permissive parenting styles.
Authoritative parenting
Authoritative parenting is a form of parenting which set high limits of responsibility on their child or children. In this technique of parenting, the parent may be strict to the child followed with negative consequences to make them follow their directions. However, the discipline are always corporal with an aim to correct the child accordingly, teaching them how to behave in the right manner. According to Darling and Steinberg (1993), authoritative rearing style stresses high expectations from the child, the parents on the other hand supports and provides basic needs to enable the child to succeed.
The authoritative parenting usually leaves the child with less social skills in their life since the parents often tell the child what to do and what not to. According to Steinberg (1992), authoritative parenting may enhance child excellence in classroom; however, it often inhibits self-development due to extensive supervision and direct parental control. Moreover, children brought up by authoritative parents have a habit of obedience, quiet, comfort and an aspect of not being very much happy. However, some kinds under authentic (over controlled) parenting style may develop depressions or low self-esteem from some of the demands accorded by their parents.
Authoritative style is usually identified as the most effective child-rearing style with parents bearing characteristics such as independence encouragement, fair and reasonable discipline, nurturance and warmth coverage limits and expectations. Williams, Ciarrochi and Heaven (2012) noted that authoritative parenting is also flexible, for instance, in extenuating situations, parents may allow their kids to come up with explanations of what happened and help them adjust to the circumstance accordingly.
Also, authoritative parents take part as role models for their kids since they portray similar behavior they expect from them. From the limits accorded, Children aged 2-15 years old usually develop valuable skills later in their life since they are taught how to do things on their own. Moreover, with the help of their parents, children learn to manage their emotions and understanding their parents and other people better.
Permissive parenting
Permissive parenting, also known as indulgent parenting, involves a responsible parent imposing little demands on their children. The parents are usually involved with the kid's activities providing them with all needs and wishes and placing low controls on them. According to Frei (2013), permissive parents create friendship atmosphere with their kids and tend not to relate their parental role. Additionally, parents always allow their children express their opinions in the family as well as coming up with their preferred decision in their daily situations.
Permissive parents comprise a tendency of loving their children in a great way by providing few rules and limitation to the kid. Moreover, parenting in this system is usually very lax with few punishments on the kids. According to Trice (2002), permissive parents provide their children with whatever they need hoping to be highly appreciated. Noteworthy to mention, most of the indulgent parents tend to compensate their children with what they missed while they were kids hence giving them more freedom and materials.
Trice (2002) noted that some children being brought up with permissive child-rearing could result in immaturity, lack of impulsive control or even irresponsible behaviors. Notably, children aged 2-15 years never learn ways to control their emotions as well as their reactions hence always tend to solve their problems in their ways. Additionally, Children of permissive parents may grow more impulsive behaviors in school and as they approach adolescence and may be involved extensive misconducts such as drug abuse. However, children in permissive parenting are always independent, emotionally secure and always willing to learn new things.
Modifications in a family to create positive family environment
To create a positive atmosphere in a family, there are always various rules to establish in the family to help the kid define acceptable and non-acceptable behaviors in the house. Noteworthy, the parents should come up with different consequences for breaking the various rules accorded. For the essence of friendship between the kid and parents, the parent should let the child learn his or her privileges in the house. Noteworthy, such privileges should be accorded when certain preset requirements are met. From the limitations and opportunities set, the parents should always honor their words and always provide appropriate advice to the kid.
In conclusion, parental child-rearing method always affects child behavior in future. As such, it is always important to apply the right parenting styles. Noteworthy to mention, adopting either authoritative or permissive poses several advantages and disadvantages to child rearing. In the attempt to accrue maximal benefits of different parenting styles, the parents should always modify relevant styles depending on the situations at hand.
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Contrast Of Authoritative Parenting And Permissive Parenting Styles. (2021, Apr 11).
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Child Rearing: Parenting Styles
Introduction
As data and eagerness of adolescent headway grows so does extended data about kid raising styles and the effects of these styles on children and society with everything taken into account. There a couple of unmistakable kid raising styles and kid raising styles would all have the option to distinctively influence an adolescent's improvement. In numerous families the two diverse child rearing styles can contrast and afterward can be mixed together to make bargain and a style that is most appropriate for your kid's extraordinary disposition and character. There is nobody child rearing style that works best in each circumstance. Dictator and tolerant child rearing styles are two of the child rearing styles that this paper will investigate. Many other also factors that affect parenting styles such as culture, personality, family size, parental background, socioeconomic status, educational level, and religion(Turner, 2012).
Comparing and Contrasting Two Styles
Authoritarian parenting style is the strictest style of child rearing. It takes on a progressively 'customary' approach in which youngsters are required to be seen and not heard. An authoritarian parenting style can once in a while be exacting and even observed as unforgiving and firm. Guardians who utilize definitive child rearing styles can regularly utilize expressions, for example, 'it's my way or no chance' or 'on the grounds that I said with the goal that's the reason'. The authoritarian parenting style is bound to bring up kids that don't show regard for rules and authority figures. There is a contrast among authoritarian parenting style and authoritative parenting style . Like authoritarian, authoritative parenting style can can likewise be exacting with harsh, inflexible rules, yet the thing that matters is legitimate guardians invest energy holding with their kids and hearing their interests while additionally making a point to meet their passionate needs. Authoritative guardians are bound to have discussions with their kids and clarify the explanation that they have defined certain limits for them. Offspring of definitive presentation increasingly positive character attributes, for example, confidence, restraint, and happiness. Definitive guardians frequently make a domain where feelings are shared and bolstered and they are additionally receptive to their kid's needs. Guardians with authoritative parenting styles urge their youngster to speak with the, connections among guardians and kids are loaded up with warmth. Guardians give clear and succinct headings with a desire for them to be followed, anyway they regularly clarify the purposes for then requirement for the bearing, and it is frequently with the youngster's wellbeing on a basic level. At the same time, they demand a lot of their children and set high expectations for mature behavior while giving children firm, clear rules, standards, and boundaries (Turner, 2012).
As opposed to authoritatrian parenting style, you additionally have the uninvolved parenting style. Uninvolved parenting style, now and then alluded to as careless child rearing, is a style portrayed by an absence of responsiveness to a kid's needs. Uninvolved guardians make not many to no requests of their youngsters and they are regularly apathetic, cavalier, or even totally careless. The careful level of association may differ extensively. Some uninvolved guardians might be generally distant with their children, yet may at present have some fundamental points of confinement, for example, curfews. Others might be out and out careless or even reject their youngsters by and large. Children may be given the absolute minimum they requirement for survivial, for example, safe house, sustenance, and dress, yet little or nothing in the method for direction or friendship. “ It’s a controversial parenting style, and because of this, it’s also easy to pass judgment on these parents. But whether you’re an uninvolved parent or you know someone who is, it’s important to remember that this parenting style isn’t always intentional. (Higuera, 2019).
Parenting and Development
Child rearing styles can not just influence a kid's every day life and advancement yet in addition can impact how well that kid preforms scholastically and socially with in the learning condition. The particular formative stage that this paper will look at is rudimentary and center school years age 5 to 12. It is very important to make sure your parenting vogue is supporting healthy growth and development as a result of approach you move along with child and the way you discipline them can influence them for the remainder of their life (Morin, 2018). School is imperative to the two youngsters and guardians at this phase of advancement. This is where kids are figuring out how to make things, finding their qualities and shortcoming, figuring out how to utilize instruments, and procuring numerous abilities expected to one day enter the workforce and be a potential supplier. At this age teenagers are likewise attempting to make the progress from the universe of home into the universe of friends. “Children with uninvolved parents are likely to struggle with self-esteem issues. They tend to perform poorly in school. They also exhibit frequent behavior problems and rank low in happiness” (Morin, 2018).
Parenting Modifications
Notwithstanding affecting scholastic achievement, adjustments in child rearing can make a positive family condition. Families impact their kids' social, enthusiastic, and intellectual improvement. Guardians who offer plentiful warmth and nurturance while making rules assist youngsters with turning out to be socially responsible and self-directed, and make a positive family condition. When bringing up kids discipline is significant, yet so is the style of order that one choses to utilize. The objectives of control is for kids to in the end have the option to self-screen their conduct and use sound judgment in any event, when a guardians or authority figure isn't expecting them to do as such. It is normal for youngsters to need to test the breaking points you make for them, however they need those cutoff points to turn into a beneficial citizen and a conscious grown-up. Making an equalization is the way to making a sound and glad home condition for the entire family.
Conclusion
Your child rearing style can influence everything from how much your kid weighs to how she feels about herself. It's imperative to guarantee your child rearing style is supporting solid development and improvement in light of the fact that the manner in which you connect with your youngster and how you discipline her will impact her for an amazing remainder. Child rearing styles are related with various youngster results and the legitimate style is commonly connected to positive practices, for example, solid confidence and self-skill. Nonetheless, other significant elements including society, youngsters' impression of parental treatment, and social impacts likewise assume a significant job in kids' conduct.
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Methods to Reduce Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) occurs when endogenous bacteria from the nose, throat, and mouth accumulates in the subglottic space and eventually moves into the lungs. When patients are intubated, bacteria begin to create a biofilm on the endotracheal tube and cuff which may result in microaspiration into the lungs. While the causative bacteria are endogenous in nature, it becomes problematic when these bacteria migrate to the lungs, causing inflammation and fluid accumulation, which may result in respiratory compromise (Kalanuria, Zai, & Mirski, 2014).
While the cause of (VAP) is well understood and preventative interventions are strictly enforced, hospitals nationwide are still dealing the incidence of VAP and attempting to find ways to decrease its occurrence. Studies have shown that VAP accounts for approximately 50% of hospital-acquired pneumonias, which results in increased length of hospital stay, mortality rates, and cost. The diagnosis of (VAP) can be made when patients develop pneumonia 48-72 hours post endotracheal intubation, signs of which include leukocytosis, fever, and/or alteration in sputum characteristics. While many hospitals work diligently to reduce the incidence of VAP, it is still considered one of the top two nosocomial infections acquired by hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Units. In fact, it is estimated that anywhere from 9-27% of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients develop VAP, and of those patients, mortality is noted in approximately 9-13% (Kalanuria et al., 2014).
Purpose, Rationale, and History of the Problem
The purpose of this project was to investigate additional interventions that can be implemented at Mercyhealth System to reduce the incidence of VAP, specifically focusing on the use of subglottic suctioning endotracheal tubes (SSETTs). Currently, Mercyhealth System implements all notably recognized VAP prevention procedures including: The awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring and management, and early mobility (ABCDE) bundle, elevation of head of bed to at least 30 degrees, peptic ulcer prevention, weekly ventilator circuit changes, patient turning every two hours, and oral care with chlorhexidine every two hours. Despite their implementation of recommended policies, VAP continues to occur in about ten patients yearly, contributing to increased mortality rates and hospital costs.
Methodology
After meeting with the Clinical Nurse Educator of the Adult Critical Care (ACC) department at Mercyhealth System, it was decided that SSETTs should be researched as an additional intervention to implement in the reduction of VAP, in addition to investigating further evidence-based research recommendations. Initial research investigation began with an extensive literature search which consisted of various methods of VAP reduction including various ETT types and the importance of Registered Nurse (RN) continuing education (CE). A literature review was then performed to explore various types of ETTs and their role in the reduction of VAP (see appendix A).
Next, it was important to examine Mercyhealth System’s current VAP preventions measures, including their policy regarding the ABCDE Bundle (see Appendix B). While Mercyhealth System’s policy discusses the ABCDE Bundle, which incorporates the use of widely recommended and extensively researched interventions for use in VAP reduction, it does not integrate the importance of ETT selection or RN education requirements in ongoing VAP prevention, specifically for Adult Critical Care RNs (ACCRNs).
After reviewing recent literature on the topic of VAP prevention, the unit was observed to monitor for RN implementation of VAP prevention measures. While on unit, appropriate hand hygiene, patient turning, and aseptic/sterile technique was observed in patient care. Additionally, a questionnaire was created to assess the ACCRNs opinions on VAP prevention measures as well ascertain their judgement on the importance and compliance of interventions that are currently put in place. Lastly, I sought to determine how often the ACCRNs attend CE regarding VAP prevention measures (see Appendices C-D).
Discussion/Recommendations
As the fight against VAP continues, researchers will continue to study improved methods of prevention, with goals of markedly decreasing its occurrence. When researching the use of SSETTs, pros and cons were found in literature. While they have been found to decrease the incidence of VAP by providing the ability to remove subglottic secretions that lead to microaspiration, they have also been found to cause tracheal injury in patients with minimal secretions (Mao et al., 2016). While VAP is a major concern, both for mortality and cost, tracheal injury is a much more serious implication; therefore, the use of continuous subglottic suctioning would be recommended with caution. Based on the literature review performed (see Appendix A), it is recommended that SSETTs be used in practice for the prevention of VAP, with the intent to suction when subglottic secretions are observed, expected, or measured to be elevated or just prior to extubation.
The second recommendation is to institute a hospital-wide policy enforcing the use of polyurethane cuffed ETTs, as they have been shown to decrease the incidence of VAP through the reduction of microaspiration that is possible due to the decreased cuff leakage demonstrated in research (Mao et al., 2016). Often, patients are intubated in emergency departments or various units in the hospital, and it is not recommended to exchange ETTs upon arrival to ACC, as reintubation may exacerbate the patients’ risk for VAP, laryngeal injury, or inflammation and edema (Hyzy, 2017). Therefore, a hospital-wide policy instituting the use of polyurethane cuffed ETTs would ensure that the majority of patients who are transferred to ACC have that intervention in place upon arrival.
The final recommendation comes from the questionnaire results, in addition to research on the importance of RN education in the prevention of VAP. The VAP questionnaire yielded eight results, of which 100% of the RNs indicated that they had either rarely or never attended CE regarding the prevention of VAP . Given this information, it would be recommended to institute a policy mandating that critical care RNs, as well as multidisciplinary team members, attend regular CE meetings or education that specifically discusses VAP prevention measures, including uncommon interventions found in research. Ongoing educational sessions are important in that they reinforce policies and procedures and overall have even been shown to increase compliance. Educational endeavors can incorporate tactile learning through workshops or through visual aids such as power point presentations. Integrating various learning styles will ensure that all types of learners gain knowledge in these sessions (Klompas et al., 2014). Lastly, once VAP specified education is implemented, it would be suggested to do quarterly or bi-annual reviews to determine any change that results due to this institution.
It is with hope and determination, that all healthcare professionals continue to incorporate research and evidence-based practice to improve patient outcomes. While the incidence of VAP is a frustrating problem, the continuity of research and clinical trials performed to prevent its occurrence shows the strength, endurance, and motivation that healthcare teams have in ensuring safe and high-quality deliverance of patient care.
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Ventilator Associated Pneumonia and Toothbrushing
Objective, Hypothesis, and Legal-ethical issues
The objective of this randomized controlled trial, “to compare the incidence of VAP in critical care patients receiving oral care with and without manual brushing of teeth”, is clearly stated in the abstract, as well as the introduction (Lorente, et al., 2012). There was one hypothesis that was identified for this study: “adding toothbrush use to oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine could reduce the incidence of VAP, by reducing the presence of endogenous oropharyngeal flora.” The independent variable in this study is manually brushing teeth with a toothbrush. The dependent variables are the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and the amount of oropharyngeal flora present. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Lorente, et al., 2012). Informed consent was obtained from either the participant themselves or from their legal guardians.
Sample
The convenience sample consisted of 436 individuals who were patients in a 24-bed medical-surgical ICU at the Hospital Universitario de Canarias in Spain between August 2010 and August 2011 (Lorente, et al., 2012). A power analysis is a “mathematical procedure to determine the number for each group of the study” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). The sample size was not appropriate for the study, as it only represents a power of 12% (Lorente, et al., 2012). According to the power analysis, to achieve a power of 80%, a total of 13,576 participants were needed.
Inclusion criteria was obviously stated, noting that each individual must be admitted to the ICU and have been on a ventilator for 24 hours or more (Lorente, et al., 2012). There were no significant differences among the control and intervention group in regard to baseline characteristics such as: age, sex, diagnosis group, use of antibiotics, paralytic agents, reintubation, tracheostomy, enteral nutrition, or duration of mechanical ventilation. Exclusion criteria was clearly defined as the following: edentulous, age less than 18 years, human immunodeficiency virus, white blood cell count less than 1,000, and mechanical ventilation duration for less than 24 hours. The sample was not randomly selected; however, there was random assignment to either the intervention or control group using Microsoft Excel.
Lack of random selection of the participants, inappropriate sample size, and exclusion criteria impact generalizability. Although the study focuses on a particular population, it could potentially be tested in other ICUs or skilled facilities that accept patients on a ventilator; however, if a patient is not ventilated, they do not qualify for the study. Some of the exclusion factors also limit generalizability. For example, a patient may have been ventilated for over 24 hours, but due to a diagnosis of HIV, they were not considered.
Research Design, Methods, and Data Analysis
A randomized controlled trial was used, providing Level II evidence (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). Definitions regarding diagnosis of pneumonia and what ventilator associated pneumonia is, were clearly stated (Lorente, et al., 2012). Data was collected upon admission and intubation and continued to be collected throughout the patient’s duration in the ICU. This was done by obtaining aspirate samples and throat swabs. These samples were analyzed by an expert panel, who ultimately determined whether the patient had developed ventilator associated pneumonia. Although unstated, it appears as though the data collection was consistent for each participant; however, without notation of training or supervision, one might question the reliability of the data collection process.
To analyze the quantitative variables, a t-test was performed and compared to a calculated standard deviation (Lorente, et al., 2012). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the intervention and control group, p = 0.75, indicating no statistically significant differences in the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia when using or not using a toothbrush during oral care.
There are no threats to internal validity existing from history, mortality, or maturation. The instruments used to collect data lack psychometric properties, potentially affecting how sufficiently the variables are measured. Threats to external validity stem from the sample. Because it is a convenience sample and there is an inadequate number of participants, potential for bias arises. This can hinder the generalizability of the outcome.
Conclusions, Recommendations, and Limitations
The hypothesis for this study, “adding toothbrush use to oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine could reduce the incidence of VAP, by reducing the presence of endogenous oropharyngeal flora,” was not supported (Lorente, et al., 2012). Among the 436 ICU patients who were mechanically ventilated, there was no statistically significant differences in the incidence of VAP between the control and intervention group. Because of this, there is not quality evidence to suggest implementation of manual brushing of the teeth after oral care in a clinical setting. The study was not feasible, due to inappropriate sample size; however, it may be beneficial to conduct further research to determine a more accurate relationship between manually brushing teeth and ventilator associated pneumonia.
Limitations to the study include sample size, assessment and compliance, and potential bias (Lorente, et al., 2012). The study was not feasible due to a sample size with a power of 12%, which was not representative of the population. Another limitation noted is that performance of periodontal state was not assessed, nor was compliance checked for oral care. It is unknown whether oral care was being performed appropriately or at all, which ultimately affected the validity of the data. In addition, because oral care is a physical action that can be observed, the study could not be blinded. This increases the opportunity for unintentional bias toward one group.
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The Transition and the Rise in Veteran Suicides
Abstract
Veteran suicide rates in the United States is a massive problem that does not look like it is going to slow down any time soon because of the recent combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. At this time, there has not been a lot of research done to see if this problem of veteran suicide stems from PTSD from combat or if it is from other stressors that come with leaving the military after their service is completed. It is important to understand the problems this population in order to effectively treat the correct symptoms and problems. As social workers it is important to understand the issues that this population struggles with and be able to pin point the correct solution for the issues they are struggling with.
Introduction
Veteran suicide is a massive problem in the United States of America, and other countries that have been involved with wars. The problem is that we do not know why military members come home, exit military service and commit suicide at rates higher then civilians with no military service. Understanding why veterans are committing suicide at an average of 22 a day have plagued this community and the Veterans Administration (VA) for years. The question that has not been looked at is whether the transition from military to civilian life after service may be the major stressor that makes veterans so depressed that they commit suicide. The military and VA do not do a good enough job when it comes to following up with military members after they leave service to check on their mental health.
Problem Statement
Veterans returning back from combat have a problem with PTSD and the stresses of combat, but is the suicide rate increasing at a larger rate because of combat or other factors? The problem is that not enough studies have been done when looking into suicides among veterans because of the lack of information that can be found after they commit suicide. Could the real problem that a veteran is struggling with and depressing him be, not understanding how to transition? Changes need to be made in order for this problem to change in the future especially during a time of war with no foreseeable end in sight. Young veterans regularly observe that the military does an extremely effective job of training them to operate within the military, and an extremely poor job of reversing that training or preparing them before sending them back into civilian life (Zogas, 2017). The problem with this is that most military members when they leave have not dealt with problems that regular civilians have already dealt with. For instance, for a military member that is leaving service he has to figure out how to get health care for his family and has never done this before. When exiting the military, they do not sit members down and teach them how to do this, they have to figure it out on their own. Now imagine you have to figure everything out on top of this like where are you going to eat, work, and live. All of these stresses begin to build up and lead someone to have a morphed look on life and its possible outcomes. Could these issues be the problems that are leading veterans to higher suicide rates?
Literature Review
Veteran health is something that this country spends millions of dollars on every year in order to treat injuries and illnesses that where incurred during active service for the United States. The study and tracking of veteran suicides did not become something of alarm until after the Vietnam conflict. The military found that suicides among veterans where happing at alarming rates that were higher than people that had no military service. With studies conducted by the VA and multiple other people, it was found that PTSD was more prevalent then thought. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs estimated that PTSD afflicted almost 31% of Vietnam veterans, 10% of Gulf War (Desert Storm) veterans, 11% of veterans of the war in Afghanistan, and 20% of Iraq War Veterans (Koven, 2017, p.502). These numbers are significantly larger than the 6.8% prevalence of PTSD among the lifetime of all adults (Koven, 2017, p.502). This shows that the evidence that PTSD is a larger problem in the veteran population than it is in the regular population showing that more studies need to be conducted to understand what can be done to treat the returning veterans.
PTSD from combat are not the only major stress events that happen to veterans in their lifetime coming from military service. Upon release from service, veterans suddenly find themselves adrift, unshackled from a comfortable and highly regulated environment. For some, the sudden casting adrift from an insular band of brothers is highly disruptive and may lead to suicidal tendencies (Koven, 2017, p.506). This statement is key in proving that not all stress is related to PTSD and combat, it gives the idea that just leaving the military is enough to drive someone to be so depressed that they could commit suicide. Suicide risks among male VA patients were 66% greater than for males in the general population. Compared with similarly aged women in the general population, female patients had approximately double the suicide risk were the results found in McCarthy, Kim, Ilgen, and Blow's study (as cited in Koven, 2017, p.507).
The study also found after studying over a million combat veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan that the suicide rate among them was the highest after leaving the service, but within three years of discharge(Koven, 2017, p.508). This brings up the idea that they may not be getting the support they need prior to and after leaving the military. The current back log of the VA for veterans getting coverage and compensation after service consists of about 100,000 files which equals about 125 days (Shane III, 2018). Veterans are going months without the proper medical care or support they need during this time.
Searching for Reliable Data
I started my search for data by doing a search of EbscoHost in the George Williams College online library. I searched topics such as veteran suicide causes. When I started to get a large number of studies, I then narrowed my search using terms such as Veterans Administration and effects of combat and PTSD. With this information I started to look for trends in treatment that veterans were receiving before they committed suicide and if any studies where done on transitioning military members. I then started searching the Veterans Administrations websites and information to see what information was presented on the suicide problem. When finished I made sure that I only used the newest of information about veterans' suicides and their civilian counterparts.
The articles used in this paper lay out the facts when it comes to the issues of PTSD and transition. Understand how both effect veterans will help people understand that the problem may not be related to just one issue. Combat veterans are a small population of military members and this is what needed to be emphasized by the articles. Understanding that not everyone deploys in the military is something that needs to be understood. Studies that discussed both different populations of veterans were important in this understanding of stress and how it's effecting veterans during transition.
Methodology
The problem of veteran suicide is something that the Veterans Administration is trying to get a handle on, but the main problem that they have is the lapse in coverage a military member has when they leave service. This study will be multifaceted in its approach because of the lack of information on the topic of what causes veteran suicide. The first part of the study will be to conduct multiple surveys over the year before and after separation to find out exactly what the stresses are that are affecting the population. Information that will be asked on the first survey (year before discharge) is what challenges are veterans most afraid of when they get out and what can the military do to better help the veterans. The second survey will be conducted at discharge asking them their current frame of mind and how they plan to handle stress when they get out. The third survey will ask them about the main stresses that they encountered in the first year after leaving the military and what the military could have helped them with before they left service. Conducting this two-year study will give the military and the VA an idea of what is really happening to veterans when they leave and the mindset, they have during transition from start to finish.
After this study is done then changes can be made to the transition process. When the changes are done then the next round of surveys can be sent to new veterans that are in the two-year stage to see if the changes have made the stresses of transition better or worst. After the second round of surveys and changes have been implemented then you will be able to take the two different populations and compare numbers to find out if it is the stress of transitioning that is causing the suicides or if it is in fact solely PTSD issues in veterans.
The sample size for this study could be all transitioning military when they are on active duty, by conducting a survey through the military services. This survey could be part of the separation process making sure that all members conduct the first two surveys before leaving. The survey that will be conducted after exit will be the hardest to get responses from because they are no longer obligated to complete these by the military. To track progress through the entire process participants will use their Department of Defense Identification Number to complete the surveys. This way the collection process will be anonymous but also a way to track who has completed the entire two-year process and the surveys that coincide.
The cost of doing a study of this magnitude will vary depending on how the study is conducted. If the study is adapted by the military and the VA, the cost would be significantly lower than if it was taken on by a civilian entity to complete. This study, to get the amount of information that is needed would require the Department of Defense assist in the conduct of the study. A study like this would not get the results from military members without their support. Estimates currently state that 230,000-245,000 military members will transition out of the military each year (Zogas, 2017). A budget of $1,000,000 will be enough to conduct the study and get the surveys sent out and analyzed. This amount accounts for $0.50 per survey and $250,000 for the personnel to analyze the data after it is collected from both rounds of veterans during and after their transition from the military.
Conclusion
With the results of the surveys and the two different groups we would be able to see if the military is giving veterans all of the tools, they need for a smooth transition out of the military. It will also give quantitative data to the VA and military to tell them what is driving up the suicide rates among veterans. Understanding the population and what their needs are is key to them having the proper care and training to transition effectively. If the suicide rate is being driven by stressful transition and not PTSD then changes need to be made in how we treat these veterans. If a study of this magnitude is not conducted, then medical professionals will never have a true grasp on why veterans are committing suicides at such alarming rates. This study will also show if society as a whole is doing everything, they can to help the veteran's transition when they leave service. Real gains to individuals and society will accrue when veterans begin to feel wanted, acquired gainful employment, and learn to cope with the daily demands of civilian life (Koven, 2017, p.510).
References
- Koven, S. G. (2017). PTSD and Suicides Among Veterans-Recent Findings. Public Integrity, 19(5), 500-512. Doi:10.1080/10999922.2016.1248881
- Shane III, L. (2018). Watchdog report: The VA benefits backlog is higher than officials say. Retrieved from https://www.militarytimes.com/news/2018/09/10/watchdog-report-the-va-benefits-backlog-is-higher-than-officials-say/
- Zogas, A. (2017) US Military Veterans' Difficult Transitions Back to Civilian Life and the VA's Response. Retrieved from https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/files/cow/imce/papers/2017/Zogas_Veterans%27%20Transitions_CoW_2.1.17.pdf
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Understanding and Preventing Teen Suicide Essay
The devastation caused by teen suicide is one known around the world. It is a sad reality that many families go through, and deal with every day. Throughout the United States, in causes of deaths, suicide has become the 3rd leading reason ranging from ages 15 through 19. The years of adolescence, the role one plays in their own life becomes extremely difficult to navigate through, due to both mental and physical changes. With this comes the feeling of loss and hopelessness. A feeling that can lead to many more devastating disorders down the road, ultimately becoming a factor of suicide. As well as many other unseen factors such as alcohol and drug abuse, and even sexual physical abuse. The mental state that these factors can put teens through is a traumatic one that many people may never understand. There are many influences that cause teens to make this devastating decision, it becomes difficult to narrow down to just one, but when it comes to understanding teen suicide, you must first begin to understand there are many misconceptions about suicide and the myths that surround it, as well as the connection between suicide and non-suicidal self-injury and even ways to prevent it with different methods and treatments.
Considering that teen suicide is the 3rd most common death behind accidents and homicide, stated Karyn Horowitz of The Brown University Child and Adolescence Behavior Letter, there is still so much to be discovered about this devastating occurrence. Unfortunately, many people believe in myths that degrade the severity of suicide, such as the suggestion that suicide simply happens with no warning signals of any kind, which happens to be a myth. Since suicide varies in each case, many of these myths happen to be what people actually believe suicide to be. Such as if a suicidal teen has attempted it once, they are just looking to gain attention from other people and are believed not to actually try it again. This degrading outlook of the situation can cause someone to miss signs and become a problem for future occurrences. When the reality is most suicidal teens show signs of depression and other behaviors that raise red flags, warning others of what may come, and though many believe it's simply a cry for attention, the truth is they are a major risk to themselves at any time. There as well is the belief that once suicidal teens make up their decision to commit suicide, there is not changing it. Although despite controversy, there are plenty of beneficial resources and understanding the treatment given for those diagnosed with these disorders can play a major role in decreasing the thoughts of suicide in young teens. With these, it is imperative to understand the importance of looking deeper into the thought of teens with suicidal intentions.
Along with suicide can come many non-suicidal self-injuries beforehand. Stated by Kerri L. Kim, 16% of high school students have seriously considered committing suicide throughout the years from childhood to adolescences, with the developing problem of non-suicidal self-injuries relating to it. Non-suicidal self-injuries, or NSSI, is actions such as burning, cutting, etc., has been shown to be a developing occurrence throughout teen. Although these inflictions are not suicidal and with sometimes no intention to commit suicide, they can still lead up to it without the proper treatment to help. However, the rise of usage with alcohol and drug related experimentation among teens and adolescence is rapidly developing. With reports showing steady growth throughout the US of teens in high school trying them out or using them frequently. Percentages were lower in the younger grades such as 8th opposed to 12, but still alarmingly high. With the rise of alcohol and drug usage, it is suggested that the negative affects of its use have been liked to cause of death such as suicide and bring out unwanted feelings such as depression and anxiety. Being able to understand the different links related to suicide can help stop further incidents.
With the knowledge of the truths behind teen suicide, one must then begin to learn what there can be done to prevent teen suicide. A teen who feels hopeless and helpless to solve problems has an increased risk of suicide, (Murphy, 2005). To help prevent these feelings of depression and all others that come with being a teen, learning about these side disorders that can lead to suicide is imperative. Recognizing these signs can help lead to knowing the right treatment to use in each case. There are many forms of treatments such as medications and interventions. Getting the correct help for teens will ease the process and pain. Psychiatrists should oversee the teen in which will be receiving medicine correctly proscribed to him or her, depending on their specific situation. With taking medications such as antidepressants, it is advised to see a practitioner in order to confirm whether the medication is making the teen progress or digress. As well as cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to help suicidal teens. With many suicidal teens, and their tendency to have depression or anxiety, it is easy for them to have outlooks that cause them to see everything as a disaster. Talking to a specialist can help sort out these feelings and lead them to better understanding of their surroundings. Even psychotherapy, in which they will simply be free to just talk about their feelings in an open environment. This and many more solutions can be gained for teens with suicidal thoughts if the right help can be found for them.
Understanding teen suicide is vital information to know in today's world, with all the disregards and misunderstandings of this very serious topic, it can be easily overlooked. With the rates climbing and alcohol and drug abuse becoming more common throughout teens, it is important to know what to do in case a situation ever arises. Today's world has already begun to become more stressful for teens and it is imperative that we remember that with each child who may be dealing with something that most will never even know about.
References
- Horowitz, K. (2009). Dispelling the myths surrounding teen suicide. Brown University Child &
- Adolescent Behavior Letter, 25(11), 1–7. Retrieved from
- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=afh&AN=44751112&site=ehost- live
- Kim, K. L., & Dickstein, D. P. (2013). Relationship between teen suicide and non-suicidal self-
- injury. Brown University Child & Adolescent Behavior Letter, 29(5), 1–6. Retrieved from
- http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=afh&AN=86965270&site=ehost-live
- Murphy, K. (2005). What can you do to prevent teen suicide? Nursing, 35(12), 43–45. Retrieved
- from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=afh&AN=19134958&site=ehost-live
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Juvenile Delinquency: Sacred Straight and Similar Programs
The adolescent equity framework handles lawful issue including an adolescent, characterized in many states as a more youthful individual than 18 years old. Adolescent Delinquency in spite of mainstream confusion isn't wrongdoing. Misconducts are acts perpetrated by adolescents that would be wrongdoings whenever carried out by grown-ups. One of the primary focal points of the adolescent equity framework that isolates it from the standard equity framework is the emphasis on restoration rather than discipline. Adolescents are by and large seen as simpler to change and considerably more pliant as a primary concern and character than grown-ups in this manner simpler to "save" than grown-ups who are ordinarily rebuffed as an obstruction to other likely hoodlums. There are a couple of reasons kids wind up submitting delinquent demonstrations. Those being actual elements, mental components, home conditions, school conditions, neighborhood conditions, and word related conditions. There are obviously hazard factors, that make adolescents bound to become reprobates and on the far edge there are defensive factors that decline the chances of adolescents going down that street. A few hypotheses to clarify how puberty transform into adolescent reprobates incorporate the social learning hypothesis, marking hypothesis, and control hypothesis.
Social learning hypothesis arose during the 1930s and was created by Albert Bandura, who was notable for his utilization of the Bobo-doll explore. Bandura contended that youngsters learned forceful practices through demonstrating and impersonation of others, particularly through TV. "Social learning happens when people learn through perception the assumptions for disciplines and rewards related with a specific conduct." (Vold. Bernard, and Snipes, 1998) This is frequently stray pundits to accept savage computer games, movies, and media while guaranteeing these types of amusement as negative to the adolescent to cause their brutal practices. Despite the fact that it might appear to bode well that brutal games make youngsters savage there aren't numerous definitive examinations on it. Regardless of the matured contention, there aren't many examinations on it subsequently there's no reasonable connection between brutal computer game openness and culpability/wrongdoing. (Goldbeck and Pew, 'Vicious Video Games and Aggression', 2018)
Marking hypothesis is somewhat not the same as different speculations as in it doesn't really clarify why a delinquent submits their underlying offense, yet it endeavors to represent the second and different offenses. The hypothesis centers around how the mental self view and lead of an individual is influenced by society's responses particularly through naming. Based off work by George H. Mead and Charles Cooley, the hypothesis hypothesizes that we "foster our mental self view dependent on our impression of others' opinion about us, and our conduct depends on the significance we allocate to the circumstance that creates through friendly connection". (Mallett and Tedor,2019) This fundamentally happens when an adolescent perpetrates an offense and keeps on being dealt with like a criminal as opposed to getting kindness or pardoning. At the point when guardians and other significant figures in the adolescent's life straightforwardly allude to the adolescent as a "criminal", "issue youngster", or different terms of that nature the thought is that the adolescent will start to acknowledge this mark and apply it to their character, accepting this is everything they can be. This is one of the significant reasons now why most adolescent equity cases aren't dependent upon a public preliminary and left mysterious. It is to shield the youngster from a negative shame that might be appended to having gone through the adolescent equity framework. It should be noted again that the main role of the adolescent equity framework isn't discipline however restoration and treatment, if fundamental, of the adolescent. (Mallett and Tedor, 2019)
While control hypothesis is very old, beginning during the 1950s, it has developed with various scholar having their own interpretation of it, I've explored Travis Hirschi's model of the hypothesis as it's perhaps the most compelling up until now. Hirschi accepts that wrongdoing is the quickest and best approach to fulfill wants. On account of this thought inspiration for wrongdoing ought to be kept up with tirelessly. Hirschi writes in his book, The Causes of Delinquency (1969), "delinquent demonstrations result when a person's bonds with society are powerless or broken". (16) These bonds are separated into four components and every one of them are interrelated. The primary component is Attachment. Connection alludes to passionate bonds the adolescent will create with guardians, friends, and instructors. Responsibility are the ventures one makes in the customary society like a home loan on a home, advances taken out for school, or a vocation. Conviction alludes to the adolescent's faith in law and regard for society's standard. In conclusion association addresses interest in sporting and ordinary exercises, for example, balls associations, YMCA, and sports. (Service of Children and Youth Services, Communications and Marketing Branch, 'Service of Children and Youth Services')
When taking a gander at adolescents and their likelihood of becoming reprobates a decent marker of future wrongdoing are their current danger factors. These danger elements can be partitioned into static components meaning they don't change or aren't not difficult to change or dynamic variables, which can be changed or altered. Static components can go from race, sex, and age to criminal family, pay, and neediness level. While dynamic elements range from parental status, instructive quality, abuse, and aggressive behavior at home. Certain gatherings are lopsidedly affected by these danger factors and their results like minorities of shading, the insane, the people who experience childhood in destitution, and the individuals who recognize as a component of the LGBT people group. Past the danger factors we should likewise take a gander at the defensive components present in the youngster's life. Defensive components are the components that decline the adolescent's chances of adverse results. Difference to the danger factors, the more defensive components in an adolescent's life the more uncertain they are to encounter these results. While defensive factor could essentially be the shortfall of hazard factors, they could likewise be the presence of positive components and figures around the kid. These are things like stable familial bonds, a big time salary family, advanced education, and social help to friends, instructors, and family. Beside these defensive factors the result of an adolescent's life is likewise dependent upon how strong the youngster is.
The Juvenile Justice framework was made independently from the grown-up equity framework for the reasons for recovery, satisfying treatment needs, and fruitful reintegration of the adolescents into society. Anyway there are some danger factors that assumes a significant part that makes youngsters more delinquent than others, and speculations including the control hypothesis, social learning hypothesis and the naming hypothesis.
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Banned Books and the Law the First Amendment
Should books be banned? Some people think books should be banned. I on the other hand think books should not be banned. I will express my reasoning for why I think books should be unbanned. I think banning books is bad because books are another way to get educated, books are an example of the First Amendment, and books are being censored for being challenging and inappropriate.
Reading books is another way to get educated It says in 10 benefits of reading books by Andrew Moorhead, Education is not cheap. Classes, seminars, and education software are just a few way that can pay to learn things. However, reading books from the library is free. It also says in Why is reading so important? by Pearson, Through hearing stories, children are exposed to a wide range of words. This helps them build their own vocabulary and improve their understanding when they listen, which is vital as they start to read. Reading is important because it helps kids understand certain words more. This shows how reading can help education, and it's free.
Banning books is an example of violation the First Amendment. It says in Banned books: A violation of the first amendment by Jcammenga No one can dictate what you can or cannot say, all in the name of freedom. Other people cannot control what you can and cannot say. It says in Findlaw: Banned books and the law The First Amendment gives anyone living in the United States, including students, the freedom to express any opinion they like. Anyone in the United States have the freedom of speech and have the right to say whatever they want. This shows how it's a violation of the First Amendment.
Some parents thinks it's a good idea to ban books that they think are inappropriate to their children's. Some parents wants books banned because they are also challenging. Books are being censored because they are challenging and inappropriate. It says in ThoughtCoKids' book censorship: The Who and why by Elizabeth Kennedy, When people challenge books, it's generally out of a concern that the book will be harmful to the children and they should be banned. It also says in the same article, These parents go beyond wanting to restrict access to certain books for their own children, either by getting one or more book(s) restricted in some way. This shows how some parents are ruining reading for other kids.
In conclusion, banning books are a bad idea because it's an example of freedom of speech, they are being censored for being challenging and inappropriate, and it's another way to get educated. Don't let one person/ parent complain, then ban those books if it's challenging and/ or inappropriate. The positive of unbanning books is that there will be more books to read. People have a free choice of what they want to read, so let them read whatever they want and don't let other people ruin it for others.
Sources:
- 1st amendment- https://education.findlaw.com/student-rights/banning-books-and-the-law.html
- Banned books: A violation of the 1st Amendment? By: jcammenga (Article)
- It helps educate- https://www.cc-pl.org/10-benefits-of-reading
- https://www.pearson.com/uk/learners/primary-parents/learn-at-home/help-your-child-to-enjoy-reading/why-is-reading-so-important.html
- Third site:censorship- https://www.thoughtco.com/childrens-book-censorship-overview-626315
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Suicide in LGBT Community
At the point when you open up your telephone or turn on that TV and you hear that a little youngster has ended it all on account of harassing and not being acknowledged makes you extremely upset. Suicide in youth happens significantly more than you expect, it is really the main source of death in LGBTQ youth. To forestall suicide in LGBTQ youth the world should be better instructed on what goes on in a LGBTQ individual's life and think before they separate since that individual doesn't accommodate their goals of what an individual ought to be. In this paper, I will discuss the historical backdrop of LGBTQ people, what types of treatment they get and do these medicines accompany inconveniences and separation for the LGBTQ people group, and what are the endeavors we as a general public can make to address LGBTQ youth suicide.
In schools, today LGBTQ youth face a great deal of segregation and this prompts lower school execution and self-destructive propensities. McGovern (2012) noticed that a few schools have a No-Promo-Homo strategy that states "educators are denied from examining LGBTQ lives and accounts to understudies regardless of whether they need to address tormenting" (p.465). This strategy is in real life in seven states. Notwithstanding expanding acknowledgment of LGBTQ individuals, the pace of harassing has remained consistent. McGovern (2012) additionally expresses that "LGTBQ understudies who are an unexpected race in comparison to white need to confront a considerably harder fight with harassing and substance misuse" (p.470). This No-Promo-Homo strategy has been generally made by traditionalist individuals who feel that if their children see an equivalent sex or distinctive sexual orientation individual they will need to become them. Disposing of the No-Promo-Homo strategy could save many existences of the understudies who distinguish as LGBTQ. Ducharme (2018) composed the story in Time magazine on when a 9-year-old was discovered dead "Jamel Myles was discovered dead of suicide only days after his mother said he came out as gay to his schoolmates. He started to have huge harassing from his schoolmates as be started the new school year" (Time, 2018, para. 2). Additionally from Time magazine John Ackerman, a clinical therapist and the suicide counteraction facilitator for the Center for Suicide Prevention and Research at Nationwide Children's Hospital expresses an "expected 34% of gay, lesbian or sexually open children face harassing at school, which might make them particularly vulnerable to self-destructive conduct" (Time, 2018, para. 4). The exceptional tormenting prompts them not having the option to get satisfactory schooling. Emotional wellness America (2018) states that "the harassing is the second most significant issue in their lives" (Mental Health America, 2018, para.5). The Mental Health America (2018) site likewise expresses that "33% of LGBT say that they needed to miss whole days since they felt perilous" (Mental Health America, 2018, para. 7) and this prompts "LGBT youth who are regularly bothered in school had below point midpoints" (Mental Health America, 2018, para. 6). Additionally, as per the Mental Health America (2018) site "these understudies don't feel like they can go to class authorities since 33% of them don't do anything so 60% of understudies don't tell anybody" (Mental Health America, 2018, para. 8). Espelage (2011) noticed that if "school environment is seen as sure, it might serve to cushion against the experience of negative mental and social worries among sexual minority youth" (p.316). The vast majority of the tormenting that happens incorporate homophobic slurs and prodding. Espelage noticed that "91.4% of understudies in a LGBT center and secondary school test detailed that they in some cases or often heard homophobic comments in school, for example, "faggot," "dyke," or "strange." Of these understudies, 99.4% said they heard comments from understudies and 63% said they heard comments from personnel or school staff" (p.316-317). This proposes that not all schools have a protected and positive climate for LGBTQ understudies. There is an enormous number of understudies who don't go to class since they feel hazardous and would prefer to miss school and stay at home. There ought to be more help for center school LGBTQ kids since they have higher paces of self-destructive inclinations. To assist with diminishing the sensation of not having a place since you are LGBTQ the school needs to consolidate more conversations about sexual character and tormenting avoidance programs. LGBTQ youth burn through a large portion of their occasions in school so it is vital that the school climate that they are in is extremely steady and that strength permits these children to have a sense of security and invited. The LGBTQ youth local area face a ton of segregation and burdens in the public arena however there are arrangements.
At the point when LGBTQ youth struggle with school that prompts mental issues like gloom and suicide. The National Alliance on Mental Health Illness (2018) site expresses that "for LGBTQ individuals matured ten to 24, suicide is one of the main sources of death" (National Alliance on Mental Health Illness, 2018, para. 9). The NAMI site additionally expresses that "somebody who faces dismissal in the wake of coming out to their families were in excess of multiple times bound to have endeavored suicide than somebody who was acknowledged by their family subsequent to uncovering their sexual direction" (National Alliance on Mental Health Illness, 2018, para. 10). LGBTQ youth face dread, scorn, and bias in school, with companions, locally and at home, which can prompt higher dangers of self-mischief and considerations of suicide. The NAMI site takes note of that "LGBTQ teenagers are multiple times bound to encounter manifestations of gloom than everyone" (National Alliance on Mental Health Illness, 2018, para. 14). As per the Trevor Project (2018) site "LGB youth who come from profoundly dismissing families are 8.4 occasions as prone to have endeavored suicide as LGB peers who revealed no or low degrees of family dismissal" (The Trevor Project, 2018, para.7). The Trevor Project site (2018) states that this prompts "1 out of 6 understudies from one side of the country to the other (grades 9-12) truly thought about suicide in the previous year" (The Trevor Project, 2018, para. 8). With feeling dismissal comfortable, and at school it can prompt unsafe adapting abilities.
One more exertion out there is to recognize triggers and get mental assistance. To begin it would be useful for others to distinguish triggers of substance misuse and when in treatment to assist with finding that individual discover what their objectives are forever. A few triggers are only remarkable to the LGBTQ youth local area and this prompts higher paces of substance misuse. One trigger that LGBTQ understudies face more than straight understudies is their pressure. Going to treatment and mastering adapting abilities will further develop their feelings of anxiety. As indicated by Baams and Russell (2015) "a portion of the principle stressors that LGB youth feel are that they are a weight to other people, and they don't have a place anyplace" (p.688). Additionally, Baams and Russell express that "the pressure of "coming out" is enormous in light of the fact that they are stressed over what their loved ones will say" (p.689). The "coming out" stress is more terrible and is generally normal in young ladies. Rapaport from the Huffington Post composes that "there is an expanded danger of wretchedness in LGBTQ youth and this can be clarified by lower fulfillment with family connections, more prominent openness to cyberbullying and companion exploitation, and more neglected clinical requirements" (Huffington Post, 2018, para. 14). Dr. Stanley Ray Vance of the Child and Adolescent Gender Center at the University of California expresses that LGBTQ "youth conditions and encounters matter and lessening dismissal, misuse and other unfavorable occasions might actually have an effect" (Huffington Post, 2018, para. 16). As indicated by Baams and Russell "social confinement is probably the biggest commitment to self-destructive danger" (p.689). We can relate this back to the John Witt piece we read in class that expresses that we should be encompass by other and submersed into a local area or our danger for melancholy and suicide increments. Dr. Stanley Ray Vance noticed that "It ought to be accentuated that LGBTQ youth are inconceivably versatile, however they, sadly, face poor emotional wellness results and affliction" (Huffington Post, 2018, para. 16). By recognizing triggers and getting mental assistance LGBTQ youth will have a superior life.
All in all, there still is oppression LGBTQ youth in schools, medical services, and in their families. However, with time the separation will diminish and acknowledgment will be among all. I think everyone in schools, medical care, and families should be instructed on the LGBTQ people group. Schools need to consolidate clubs or care groups where if an understudy feels perilous or simply needs somebody to converse with there will be someone there for them. In case instructors were lawfully ready to mediate when there are tormenting issues there would be an abatement in misery and self-destructive musings in LGBTQ youth. At the point when medical services suppliers become more taught LGBTQ youth will actually want to get the assist they with requiring for their emotional well-being and have the option to see specialists who can assist them with figuring out how to adapt and arrangement to their not supporting families. I think families need to figure out how to acknowledge their youngsters for what their identity is and in the event that they don't immediately they can figure out how to. We need to strike down the social culture that being gay or being what your identity is something terrible. Having steady families will make their home a protected spot. I don't figure segregation will end immediately yet the more the world is taught the better it will be for LGBTQ youth. Jason Cianciotto, chief overseer of the Tyler Clementi Foundation (2017) satisfies that "Too little is changing, and for a really long time, our general public has put Band-Aids on this issue" ("LGBQ teenagers," 2017), Ciancitto additionally expresses that "While Band-Aids are acceptable, we need to help by better tending to the main drivers of these issues" ("LGBQ adolescents," 2017)
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The Constitution of the United States
The Constitution of the United States is a very important document for the citizens because it created the separation of powers between the national government and the states and also separated the national government into three separate branches (Krutz and Waskiewicz 50). This design was created to limit the power of the national government while giving some power to the states. This was beneficial for the citizens because it protected their rights. The constitution was signed on September 17, 1787 (National Constitution Center) and has remained the framework for American government and society for more than 225 years because it is a flexible, living document that can be changed to satisfy the needs of a changing society (Krutz and Waskiewicz 61). With that being said, should the framework of the document remain the same or should significant changes be made to it?
Society is always constantly changing due to culture, scientific discoveries, and advancements in technology. When this occurs, people's life styles change and new laws must be made to protect the people and the government to keep society functioning. In the past, many documents have been ratified to organize society and the government. One of those documents was the Articles of Confederation. This document was created to strengthen the power of the states while limiting the power of the national government (Yale). Although this document was very successful in the beginning, the changes in society caused the system to fail. The national government did not have enough power to impose taxes, regulate commerce, or raise an army which hindered its ability to defend the nation or pay its debts (Krutz and Waskiewicz 65). This failed system led to the development of the Constitution, which is very successful today.
Even though the Constitution was written with new concepts for a successful government and human rights, the most beneficial aspect of the Constitution is it's ability to be amended over time. With that being said, the framers made amending the document sufficiently difficult that it has not been changed repeatedly (Krutz and Waskiewicz 61). This is very important to maintain the framework of the constitution because it contains important rights for citizens called the Bill of Rights. If the Constitution was able to be changed easily, then the rights of the citizens could be easily manipulated. By keeping the original framework, society is able to function correctly alongside government.
Today, the pressures of a changing society are demanding changes to the Constitution, such as minority rights, equal rights for women, and national security. Gay marriage is one of the new, controversial issues in society and currently there are many states who will allow gay marriages to be performed. However, there are many intolerances towards gay people and eventually, the constitution will have to amend rights for them to keep them protected. The same issue arises for women seeking equal rights as men. This issue has existed in society for a long time and still has yet to be amended into the Constitution. Today, women make much less than men in the workforce. This means that women have to work harder and longer to receive the same amount of wages as men, while raising children. On the other hand, national security is an ongoing threat to society. Just recently, the news was splattered with information about illegal aliens trying to enter the United States. This situation can lead to increased crime rates, such as violence, illegal drug activity, and sex trade. This presents a multitude of problems for the citizens of the U.S. and may lead to new amendments being written into the constitution.
Even though the Constitution has remained a strong and powerful document to the United States over the years, society is constantly changing. As society changes, the Constitution must change with it to remain a successful design to keep society and the government running smoothly. However, it is extremely important for the Constitution to maintain the original framework to prevent significant human rights from being taken away, such as the first amendment, which protects religion, speech, the press, and assembly (Krutz and Waskiewicz 61). Most importantly, the Constitution must maintain separate powers between the national government and the states to prevent either governmental institution from overpowering each other, which could also threaten citizen's rights.
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Management Information Systems Essay
Management information systems play a huge role in the success of business and organizations .Management information system is defined as a system using formalized procedures to provide management at all levels in all functions with appropriate information based on data from both internal and external sources, to enable them to make timely and effective decisions for planning, directing and controlling the activities for which they are responsible (Argyris, 2011). From the appearance of human language until the universal application of computer, mankind never stopped improving information technology. From the middle of last century people started associating information technology with computers. Nowadays, computers, data centers, servers, database management systems and specialized software applications are managed by information technology departments, systems and databases administrators. Information technology supports modern businesses and has become an important part of life (Alliance, 2011). Markgraf(2018) argues that in order to gain maximum benefits from an organization information system there is a need to exploit all of its capabilities. He suggest that increasing information systems effectiveness involves adding more data to make the information system more accurate or use the information system in a new way. The purpose of an information systems varies depending on the sector the system covers, but systems generally support operations and decisions made within organizations as well as helping with data storage and facilitating management. (Okundi, 2018) .
A management information system is generally thought of as an integrated, user-machine system providing information to support operations, management and decision-making functions in an organization (Adeoti, 2010) . As a matter of fact, an MIS is a special-purpose system useful for management in an organization. MIS is an accessible and rapid conveyor belt for appropriate high quality information from its generation to its users. The heart of an effective MIS, therefore, is a carefully conceived, designed and executed database. Its level corresponds to adaptive decisions. When you base your decisions on data available from management information systems, they reflect information that comes from the operations of your company. Management information systems take data generated by the working level and organize it into useful formats. Management information systems typically contain sales figures, expenses, investments and workforce data. If you need to know how much profit your company has made each year for the past five years to make a decision, management information systems can provide accurate reports giving you that information (Markgraf, 2018) . Any decisions you make result in changes in the projected company results and may require modifications to your business strategy and overall goals. Management information systems either have trend analysis built in or can provide information that lets you carry out such an analysis. Typical business strategies include projections for all fundamental operating results. A trend analysis allows you to show what these results would be in the current situation and how they will change once you have implemented the decisions you have taken. The new values form the basis of your strategic approach going forward.
The study analyzed how information systems facilitate football clubs. To fulfill these purposes this study adopted a design strategy which contained theoretical and empirical parts. It gave a way on how to operate and improve works to solve and avoid problems in various sectors in order to facilitate football clubs. This study choose a suitable information system development methodology and designs a general football club information system model. In the empirical study a questionnaire survey was made to check and complete a general football club information system model. The Goal of this study was meant to help football club managers realize possible influence and significance brought by information systems. The study was done to be useful as a reference for football club managers and software developers when they try to establish or improve football club information system. This study proved that information systems can facilitate football clubs in business processes and operations, internal communication and decision-making; furthermore, it supports football club business strategies and helps establish a powerful human resource management project.
The study was conducted after noticing that increasingly, technological innovations was making an entrance within the sport sector. The National Basketball Association (NBA) in America has been the conductor of the train speeding into the sporting world's technological future, however little evidence of this development could be found in Belgian basketball. The main objective of the study was to provide insights into what factors determine the innovativeness of a basketball organization by investigating how the decision process with regard to technological innovations develops and what could serve as potential influences in this development. The study adopted a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with key persons in multiple basketball organizations over Belgium, all of which participate in the first division of Belgian basketball. An intensive coding approach was performed to structure the data obtained by the interviews. A conceptual framework was developed that provides an overview of all relevant influencing factors of innovation within the organization, grouped in four categories.
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Necromancy and the Lazarus Effect: Miracles or Witchcraft?
Hello and welcome to my spooky paper! Although October is over there is nothing more chilling than the practice of bringing something once deceased back to the living world. There are two terms for this phenomenon one being necromancy and the other known as the Lazarus effect. Although both practices being extremely unlikely to actually bring someone from the underworld, one of them may have brought you to where you were trying to bring that person from if you were practicing this in the 1600's. Studies show that in the 1600's through the mid 1800's there was a high rate in the practice of necromancy, many because people thought the dead could bring them answers to a fruitful life but they were terribly wrong.
Necromancy is the practice of reanimating the dead but for the benefit of the person who summons that person, whether it be telling the future, bringing forth hidden knowledge, or just for the simplicity of wanting that certain person to be there for you, but it might not work in that persons favor. The reason many people were put to death because of this is because it is a form of witchcraft, although depicted in many ways the most famous is in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein when Victor took body parts from different people creating the infamous Daemon who is a product of necromancy; though he was depicted as a product of science the under shadow of necromancy subtly shines through. Being recognized as witchcraft makes it easily common for various cultures, although there are many different names for it the summoning processes are ultimately the same within every version of the practice of necromancy.
The Lazarus effect is however the complete opposite of necromancy it is still the concept of bringing someone and or something back from the dead. The Lazarus effect is a biblical analogy for the resurrection of a man Lazarus in the Christian bible, the bible states that Jesus was the cause for the resurrection of Lazarus. The term has been used throughout western literature to reference someone or something being brought back from the dead or even being lost and then found again. Despite all of the movies made of the term many people have claimed to have had an out of body experience or have met deaths door just for it to be slammed in their face. The best depiction of this is the movie "Flatliners" where a group of people are curious to what happens after death but are not exactly pleased with what they find. It is said that the Lazarus effect is supposed to be a miracle but to some it was the opposite; many have said when they thought they had come to an end they realized the fate they were supposed to be meeting was the opposite of what they thought they were going to get prior to having that experience, many even saying they went to hell, something like that can either leave you afraid for the rest of your life or maybe change you for the better. One man claims to have gone to hell for what seemed like an eternity, but he was only dead for approximately up to three minutes.
Within Necromancy and the Lazarus effect there is a very obvious difference between them, but the big question is when they each came to be the concepts they are today. Necromancy is a compound word although of Latin origin was derived from the Greek word nekros meaning 'dead' and manteia meaning deviation. The dark practice originated in ancient Persia, Greece, and Rome, but was most popular during the middle ages of Europe and is exceedingly rare today. A quite common form is to summon the spirit of the corpse by sacrifices and incantations but the most common for is the attempt to raise the body to life once more. The practice is said to be most effective between midnight and one in the morning and or the official witching hours of the night, ending at 5 am presumably when night ends and dawn begins. There are many historical forms of necromancy, a famous necromancer depicted in the bible by the name of Endor who summoned the spirit Emanuel to answer Saul's questions. My last point about necromancy's history is the condemnation of necromancy by the catholic church because it was seen as sinister although it was depicted in the bible; it was also outlawed by the witchcraft act of 1604 in Elizabethan England for its sinister ways.
The history of the Lazarus effect is quite different yet somehow it seems to tie into why necromancy became what it is. Although not being outlawed it is said to have been common throughout history in many different ways and places. The Lazarus effect was initially introduced in the bible when Jesus resurrected Lazarus, this is where the name of the condition came from. Many people of the 1600's through the 1800's claimed to have been graced with this so called 'gift' but they don't and or didn't know how dangerous it actually was. These diseases of those time were especially deadly because of the lack of medicines and antibiotics, and many people were dropping like flies but for some reason near the last stages of life many people's bodies seemed to have a complete relapse in their systems which was believed to have been the effects of the Lazarus effect. Unfortunately for many their fate was sealed regardless because they were buried alive as they were thought to be dead but just like everyone else they had a relapse, for most when it was realized what was happening they would dig up the person to find them without fingernails because they tried to claw their out which I can imagine is very traumatizing for the people who found them that way. The Lazarus effect being biblical is still very misleading, many sources have said that the person or people effected is very likely not to be them themselves; because they have crossed over to the 'other side' there is a very good chance that another spirit is occupying and or clinging to the body of that person. When one is affected you must realize that although it looks and sounds like that person does not necessarily mean it is the person you are expecting. All in all the history of this could have been adapted from other cultures because of its depiction throughout places like ancient Greece and ancient Egypt; this shouldn't be surprising considering these places were known for having many gods in which had the same purposes and did the same things but with different descriptions and names, who knows maybe they're leading us closer to the truth and or further history of the Lazarus effect.
I know what you're thinking "well what's the difference between them anyway?" well there is actually a huge difference between the two. Because of the way the media and movies twists practically everything then you should not be surprised to find out that the two are complete opposites, but it is because of their portrayal that there is the assumption that they both have equal effects, outcomes, and consequences. Movies mentioned earlier like the 2017 remake of 'Flatliners' and the 2016 movie 'Ouija' which is depicts a form of necromancy, however, there are many exaggerations and truths to be told about the consequences and not only darkness's but the good that might come with your risky outcome. Obviously, the biggest difference is the representation of the two, one being biblical, and the other being seen as sinister almost devilish, but there is more than to it that many do not know about and or understand. Because of the numerous references and depictions of them many people may think that the two either connect, bring the same outcomes, or are just flat out the same, but there are actually way too many to count.
Though I already told you the differences between the histories the processes are apart of a completely different range of differences. Necromancy stemming from Greek words has been practiced throughout the centuries and has been normalized for many cultures. An example of necromancy many are familiar with is the practice of performing it with a Ouija board. Many think this is a harmless party game but it is actually a really common form of necromancy.
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