Paper about the Delved Intersectionality

The aim of my paper is to delve intersectionality in Adriene Rich’s Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence, Barbara Smith’s Toward a Black Feminist Criticism and Helene Cixous’ The Laugh of Medusa. It will focus mainly on the theoretical approaches made by these theorists and their basic agreement and disagreement to Intersectionality, Race, and Gender. The critical approach of this paper would demand the history of feminism and sexuality to take into account. Therefore, this paper will deal with the necessary context of gender, race and sexual discrimination as presented in the writing of these theorists.

Initially, my paper will deal with the basic common aspects and theoretical approaches of these theorists, their responses to psychoanalysis, and their common agreement towards the feminist movement. Then how these theorists differ in their approaches and in their arguments on gender, sexuality and race will be the central focus of my paper.

For instance, Helene Cixous, in her writing mainly focus on feminist writing rather than focusing on intersectionality. She urges woman should write with their body, should break the ‘divine composure’. Her response to Lacan and Foucault and their theory of ‘castration’ will also be one of the central focuses of my paper to show her argument on gender and sexuality.

On the other hand, Adrienne Rich, in her writing mainly focuses on intersectionality. Unlike Cixous, her focus is not only on binary of male and female but on the queer theory. Her concern is on the rights on Lesbian woman. She also talks about the destruction of ‘divine composure’ of heterosexuality but my paper will show how her approach is different from Cixous’ approach. Both of them discuss about the social and economic forces as a cause to keep woman in a boundary. But they differ in their basic argument of the ‘body’ of woman. The institutional forces are presented in a completely different way in their writing.

Barbara Smith in her Toward a Black Feminist Criticism also focuses on the intersectionality. However, her approaches are quite different from Cixous’ as her main concern is on the binary opposition of Black and White woman literature. Though she talks about the lesbian literature, and the implied lesbian representation in the writing of Tony Morrison, she comes back to the identity markers which mainly focus on the conflict between black-white woman literature. Her approach to the attitude of the erasure of lesbian existence and literature is somewhat different from Rich’s approaches in Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence. She sounds to some extent similar to Rich’s argument on lesbianism but her argument of interdependency of women could be explained in a different way from Rich’s argument. She suggests that Black woman’s writing can provide integrated consideration of the roles played by race, gender, class, and sexuality in literature. On the other hand, Cixous argues for woman writing and literature irrespective of race and sexuality.

These three theorists differ in their theoretical approaches though all of them speaks under the umbrella of feminism.

Did you like this example?

Paper About The Delved Intersectionality. (2021, Mar 30). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Feminism and Intersectionality

Since its origin, the thought of intersectionality has been declared as "the main hypothetical commitment that ladies' examinations, related to related fields, has made up until this point" (McCall, 2005: 1771). To be sure, intersectionality has arisen as "the essential hypothetical apparatus" (Nash, 2008: 2) to dissect the various and co-establishing vectors of contrast and the subsequent force relations that describe subjectivity (Dhamoon, 2010). At the end of the day, intersectionality has given a system to looking at the commonly building up crossing points of sex, race, sexuality, class and other social divisions, and has subsequently "furnished a hugely difficult evaluate with hypothetical and political ramifications" (Sigle-Rushton et al. 2013: 129) for both women's activist hypothesis and the more extensive sociologies. As Walby et al. (2012: 2) note, the impact of intersectionality likewise has viable ramifications for discusses "in reality" 'and the domain of strategy making, having reached out into global common liberties talks. Regardless of its prevalence inside women's activist grant, in any case, intersectionality stays a basically challenged idea and has been considered and characterized in a large number of ways. Subsequently, the equivocalness and disarray encompassing the thought, just as the absence of a plainly characterized philosophy (McCall, 2005; Nash, 2008; Sigle-Rushton et al. 2013) brings up issues regarding how intersectionality can, or ought to, be successfully used in women's activist request (Davis, 2008: 67).

As the statement by Audre Lorde proposes, with our diverse characters we manage mistreatment on different levels. Dark Feminists, like Lorde, experience prejudice on top of sexism, and through their voice "no mediation [has] changed the substance of American feminism more than the interest that women's activist masterminds recognize the truth of race and bigotry" (snares p. 55). It is through the reactions of the Black Feminists, and the push to have their voice heard, that brought intersectionality into schooling and women's activist grant.

Intersectionality is a push toward making shared conviction through talking about contrasts. While we as a whole have multi-layered characters, we actually share esteems and encounters. Every now and again the objective of social liberties and social equity developments is to "void [social identities] of any friendly importance" (Crenshaw p. 1242). This is the 'visually challenged' attitude in prejudice. We are largely people, in this manner the main experience is the human experience. This point of view is counterproductive to any advance in destroying persecution. It is human instinct to arrange as a method of understanding and social personalities are regularly a "wellspring of social strengthening and recreation" (Crenshaw p. 1242). One of Crenshaw's (1991) reactions of the political discussions around friendly characters is that it "oftentimes conflates or disregards intragroup contrast" (p. 1242).

She proceeds to show that "disregarding contrasts inside bunches adds to pressure among gatherings" (p. 1242). This is generally clear in the women's activist and antiracist developments by their absence of interconnected practices. They treat race and sexual orientation as an either/or discussion instead of a chance for joint effort to gain political headway. Intersectionality is priceless for improving social equality and social equity developments, similarly as it is important for instructing mistreatment. As Bonnie Dill (2009) states in Guy-Sheftall's (2009) article: "[it] has brought unmistakable information and viewpoints of recently overlooked gatherings of ladies into general conversation and mindfulness, and has shown how the experience of sex varies by race, class, and different components of disparity" (p. 32). Individuals bond over shared encounters, and frequently through our shifted social characters we can discover shared conviction. Recognizing the distinctions in underestimated bunches brings approval and mindfulness, which would then be able to fuel sociopolitical change.

Did you like this example?

Feminism And Intersectionality. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Intersectionality (essay)

I would say grimly during the critical process of Intersectionality of Gender for a long time. I felt bitterly that ladies have inevitably encountered all criminal types of alleged abuse and steady savagery that undermined their cruel reality in the male-overwhelmed society. Diverse types of segregation and persecution have been coordinated to ladies for a considerable length of time. Excessive brutality coordinated at ladies, for the conspicuous example, rape and assault and alleged battery were inevitably seen and treated as detached situations. I felt dreadfully that intersectionality influences our encounters inside our social classification. Intersectionality can either give us benefit or lessen benefit contingent upon which controversial classifications we fall desperately into. Every concerned individuals close to home involvement in an unfortunate circumstance will vary because of intersectionality.

For me I can merely say being precisely an African American Male that is inevitably attending College with an academic major in Nursing is instantly a very huge accomplishment for me. I am undoubtedly the only male in my affluent family that has arbitrarily decided to go back to College and graduate with a degree in Nursing. In my conventional life I have properly used an uplifting mentality by moving onward from negative reasoning and using day by day motivation to carefully maintain by typically accomplishing my critical objectives in life. I scarcely refrain from adverse individuals because their negative vitality will deplete me and endeavor to slaughter my concealed potential. In life I have learned not to get terribly agitated on the off chance when I typically see driven others pushing ahead in social life and devoted most of all I have undoubtedly never expect a medium term success.

I can politely say my remarkable insights by being respected by most influential members of a community is that looking eagerly at social relationships, I have witnessed, including my own; the most successful were undeniably likely people who typically held each other with great respect. This is as true of business partnerships, leading family and lifelong friends as it is naturally of devoted lovers and even prospective parents with their vulnerable children. This is not to say gently they don’t fight or face challenges in relationships but rather these relationships ordinarily have a grounded base of profound respect to undoubtedly help instantly get through the direct challenges. When you naturally come from a convenient place of respect, you do not give ultimatums or make set correctly in stone demands; you typically negotiate with ethical consideration for your potential partners and your own needs and moral feelings.

Finally, I have learned from socially ascribed roles that Not all likely individuals are brought into the world equivalent in the public eye due to social stratification or grouping of occupants based riches and divine glory. Economic wellbeing is precisely a valuable piece of complex society's social stratification that accurately characterizes individuals as per their proper certification, intellectual eminence, training, and social attractiveness of their cognitive abilities. The impressive resume is said thoughtfully to be typically a unique kind of essential outline of the prominent individual's economic wellbeing. The other strategy for social arrangement is naturally social class in which individuals are carefully sorted as undoubtedly having a sacred place with the upper, center or lower classes, contingent upon their preventive measure of cultural riches and intellectual property in the public world. I would say Intersectionality is every prominent individual has one, however numerous social jobs, all of which converge in their lives, and these different components of an individual's personality should be viewed as together, as opposed to independently, while assessing an individual's place or involvement in the public arena. Moreover, these remarkable jobs connect with and profound impact you and each other in various ways typically need to look eagerly at these social cooperation in case, you're truly setting off to the economic base of pleasant things.

Did you like this example?

Intersectionality (essay). (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Intersectionality to more Completely Understand Discrimination

Intersectionality is a concept used to describe the ways in which oppressive institutions (racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, etc.) are interconnected and should not be examined separately from one another. This theory suggests that there is a strong focus and favor for the most privileged groups, which creates a distorted analysis of racism and sexism. Kimberle Crenshaw explains that Black woman face the most oppression and discrimination because they face sexism and racism simultaneously. I will be explaining how the concept of intersectionality is used to more completely understand workplace discrimination by analyzing scenarios and examples where Black woman have faced discrimination in multiple ways.

The issue of discrimination in the workplace, or in any other institution, can only effectively be understood through the concept of intersectionality. Crenshaw states that because the intersectional experience is greater than the sum of racism and sexism, any analysis that does not take intersectionality into account cannot sufficiently address the particular manner in which Black woman are subordinated (Crenshaw 1989). She uses and example of five Black woman who brought suit against General Motors, saying that the employer’s seniority system commemorated the effects of past discrimination against Black woman. Evidence revealed that General Motors did not hire Black woman before 1960, and that all Black woman hired after that eventually lost their jobs during seniority based layoffs. According to the defendant’s experiences, women could apply for a limited amount of jobs, as they believed only men were suited for most of the positions. This was already a problem in and of itself, but for black women the consequences were augmented. This case was only accounted for in terms of gender, completely leaving out the fact that Black woman were subject to both sex and racial discrimination.

Through intersectionality, Black women’s claims of discrimination raise many issues that the usual sex discrimination claims do not. In another case, Moore v National Association of Securities Dealers, Moore claimed that she was passed over for a promotion. The percentage of white males occupying first-level supervisory positions was about 76.8%, and Black males was about 10.9%. White women were at about 3.3%, while Black women only held 0 to 2.2% of these positions. The overall male to female ratio ranged from 98/1.8% and the overall white to black ratio was 78.6/8.9% (Crenshaw 1989). This case reveals that the anti discrimination doctrine unreservedly fails to fails to take intersectionality into account. It also accentuates the centrality of the white female experience in the conceptualization of gender by denying Moore her request to represent all females in the company simply because of her race. For white women, claiming sex discrimination is simply a statement that but for gender, they would not have been disadvantaged. For them there is no need to specify discrimination as white females because their race does not contribute to the disadvantage for which they seek redress (Crenshaw 1989). Antidiscrimination laws erase Black Women’s experiences and do not take them nearly as seriously as those of white women.

Intersectionality comes into play when analyzing how Black women struggle the most in economic stability due to wage differences in the workplace. Wage differences are very prevalent in all fields of work, and often demonstrate the persistence of sexism in the workforce. Black and Hispanic women are more than twice as likely to work in ‘service’ occupations as White women. Hispanic women are the most likely group of women to work in production, transportation and material moving occupations (Hegewisch 2018). Still, this fails to capture the extreme injustice that Black women experience in the workplace. On average, Black women make $34,000 a year compared to $53,000 for white men (Taylor and Combahee 1977). This discrimination is extremely important to recognize because in eighty percent of black families, woman are the sole or main providers. This leads to Black woman being forced to face heavy economic hardships. Black woman make up twenty-five percent of the poor, compared to white women who make up only ten percent. Looking at the condition of Black women in the workplace discloses the absolute shortcomings of what qualifies as social welfare in the United States.

It is crucial that people understand race and gender as mutually inclusive categories of analysis and experience. Intersectionality considers all forms of social stratification, such as race, gender, sexuality, class, etc., and shows how each are entwined with one another. Intersectionality recognizes how interlocking systems of power impact those who are most marginalized in society. Antidiscrimination law, antiracist politics, and feminist theory all fail to address the experiences of black women because of how they each focus on only a single factor. In so many cases, it is clear that Black woman face the greatest amount of discrimination in the workplace and other institutions, simply due to the fact that they are both Black and women.

Did you like this example?

Intersectionality To More Completely Understand Discrimination. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Activity of People – Human Impact on the Environment

The environment in which we live in and its natural habitat around us, is essential for life to thrive in. The ecosystem in which humans rely on, consists of air, water, soil and animals. As modern technology is advancing, we build and industrialize our society that has cause and effect on the natural part of our world. We as humans love the luxuries such as cars, houses and cell phones but little do we know that it can affect the environment in many ways. The impact that humankind puts on the environment, although convenient to us, is harmful to mother nature. Some activities that cause damage to the environment are burning fossil fuels, overpopulation, climate changes, global warming and deforestation. It is depleting our resources such as air, water, destruction of soil and habitat, and pollution.

“The world’s population could swell up to 10.9 billion by the end of the century, a new United Nations analysis was found, which raised concerns that adding more than 3 billion people to the planet could further deplete natural resources and accelerate global warming (chow 1)”. According to national weather agencies, they have gathered and compiled reliable observation temperatures. Once they were analyzed and compared, it showed many rises and changes.

Overpopulation is the world’s top environmental issue, followed by many other possible consequences problems that are affecting the environment. World’s population has grown gradually over many years. “The United States is estimated to grow from 329 million people in 2019 to 434 million people by the end of the century, with most of that projected increase owing to migration ( Chow 2).” The more people, the more pollution that we are putting more carbon dioxide into the air than we should.

Industrialization has been the biggest source of pollution. To compensate for the fuel needs, we over exhausted most of the non-renewable resources like coals, minerals, and oils. “Industrial factories and power plants all pump large quantities of air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrous oxides, into the atmosphere ( Martonas p1).” Fossil fuels such as our cars, trucks, and coal fired power plants that are being burned, incompletely burnt, they release nitrogen oxide or if incompletely burned carbon monoxide and other greenhouse gases are being released into the air. Which traps heat in our atmosphere that leads to global warming and climate change. “Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas, responsible for about three-quarters of emissions ( Christina p1).” According to national geographic, carbon dioxide can linger in the atmosphere for thousands of years. Much of the pollution comes from smoky motor vehicles and power plant companies. When the toxic emissions are emitted into the air, these gases form a cover in the atmosphere and create another extra heating source that refers to global warming. Our surroundings have suffered the curse of pollution and exploitation of resources.

For many decades, scientists have been demanding that the climate crisis be taken seriously. “Despite numerous international agreements, the government has yet to take action to reduce carbon emission. Images taken over the first three weeks of March 2020 due to the order of stay at home shelter show less nitrogen dioxide over parts of the United states than the same time last year ( Holcombe p1).” The pollutant was noticeably lower in concentration in California and Washington state. Accumulation of greenhouse gases, human burning fossil fuels and coal leads to global warming and climate change. It has increased the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. This happens because the fossil, coal, or oil that is burning process combines carbon with oxygen in the air to make carbon dioxide. The clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities has increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. Changing the natural greenhouse will affect the climate with warmer conditions that will probably lead to more evaporation and precipitation.

As the climate changes it is harming the forest and depleting the natural environment that affects all living things. Trees play an important role that gives oxygen and captures and stores the excess carbon dioxide. The loss of trees being cut down to make room for agricultural or industrial purposes. Cutting down forests not only threatens extinction of the variety of plants and animals but also causes climate disruption. That disruption leads to more extreme temperatures swings that are harmful to plants and animals. The decreasing numbers of these natural forests is leading harm to forest species and are not capable of surviving in different habitats. “ Human actions threaten species with global extinction now than ever before,” the report concludes, estimating that around one million species already face extinction, many within decades, unless action is taken (Plumer p3)”. With everything happening, the environment of earth is threatened. “Humans have greatly impacted the rates of supply of the major nutrients that constrain the productivity, composition, and diversity of the terrestrial ecosystem ( Lehman p 2).”Humans, animals, and plants will gradually lose the forests that are essential for our existence.

In conclusion, pressure on the environment will continue to only increase. The growth of advanced industrialized technologies and overpopulation has a negative impact on our planet. The pollution of factories, power plants, fossil fuel burning, and the extraction of natural resources will result in a serious environmental protection for all living things. What is clear is that if action isn’t taken to help the environment heal, it will lead to severe consequences for our environment. I think that it’s everyone's responsibility to help protect and preserve the environment for the present and future generations. We should all keep in mind that there is only one environment that is the most valuable component of life because it enables the existence of all living things.

Did you like this example?

Activity Of People - Human Impact On The Environment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Population Growth: Human Impact on the Environment

More humans have been added to the world’s population in the past 40 years than in the previous three million (Hunter 12). Amidst of 1960 to 1999 the population density had doubled, increasing from three billion to six billion bodies (Hunter 1999). During those years, better medical facilities, technological advancement in fertility treatment and the declination within the mortality rates, had the population evolve with high-rise of growth.

The elevation of population demographic may not be the fundamental cause of environmental degradation, yet it can convolute and intensify natural dilemmas. The influence depend on the adaptability in which individuals and society can react to expanding population tension. This adaptability, in return, is contingent on the adequacy of the markets and governments, in addition to the subculture and the country’s degree of financial advancement. In nations in which those variables advance quick and adaptable response to population alter financial improvement can be economical. Nevertheless, in countries where these amenities are unimplemented and conditions are of low-income developing nations, population growth will lead to environmental degradation. In all-important respect, a justifiable significance between population growth and environmental problems are deforestation, water quantity and quality, and the degradation of land and soil resources.

To comprehend the issue, more people should be aware of the ultimate requirements as the population’s vital statistics grow. Lori M. Hunter, a professor of sociology, has argued that fulfilling the expanding needs of the society requires, “some form of land-use change-to provide for the expansion of food production through forest clearing, to intensify production on already cultivated land, or to develop the infrastructure necessary to support increasing human numbers” (1999). A common process labeled, deforestation, is addressed to the predicament. The results were noted as 50 to 100 species, part of the tropical rainforest, were slowly disappearing each day (Butler 2019), while soil erosion only escalated causing extreme flooding that many villagers at nearby areas were forced to endure (Hunter 1999). Not to mention the analysis, carried out by Melissa Mayer a freelance science writer and editor, that during the 20th century the fourfold population growth, CO2 emissions increased twelvefold. As greenhouse gases increase, so do climate patterns, ultimately resulting in the long-term pattern called climate change (Mayer 2018). In essence, allowing the sequences of gaining and suffering, as the demographics increase and most lands are being occupied, coupled with water scarcity and pollution, it is inevitable for the opposition of our actions to oppose us at one point.

Who has suffered most from these water contaminations? The people. As the society grows in number, the global water consumptions rose sixfold between 1900 and 1995 (Hunter 1999). Nonetheless, activities such as waste disposal from industrialize areas, oil spill, direct deposits of pollutants, overfishing, and significantly more, causes destruction to water sources that direct to a reduction in the diversity of marine life. This judgment justifies the severity of the people’s health- mainly in underdeveloped countries, the reduction of economic productivity (e.g. declination of fisheries), and the origins of serious diseases on a massive scale in developing countries like India (“Effects of Population Growth on our Environment” 2014). In order to refrain from further predicaments, the Market Based Instruments were applied as a form of environmental taxes that include subsidies for pollution abatement equipment for air and water resources, regulating authorities has also laid down technical standards and regulations and charges on air, water and land pollutants (“Effects of Population Growth on our Environment” 2014). Furthermore, appropriate policies and management should be put into consideration.

In addition to this, the degradation of land and soil resources may perhaps be the foundation of deforestation, poor farming practices, over-irrigation, soil mining, and over-fertilization. The antecedent of these elements is again, population growth. As Hunter put it, “Converting land to agricultural use can lead to soil erosion, and the chemicals often used in fertilizers can also degrade soil” (1999). Not only does it cause physical geographical destruction but it also adds to the urgency of natural catastrophes, harm human health, and may cause serious diseases (“Effects of Population Growth on our Environment” 2014). Therefore, appropriate policies and management, secure land ownership, and conclusively lowering the rate of the population growth could help reduce pressure on minor terrains.

Because of pressure from the substantial consequences, country governments have been searching for possible solutions to reduce the rapid expansion of the population. According to United Nations estimates, 80 percent of the world population in 1999 lived in developing nations (Hunter 12). Hence, the government should extend family planning and proper education, especially to these underdeveloped nations (“Effects of Population Growth on our Environment” 2014). To emphasize, take China’s birth planning program, the “One-Child” policy; is established to limit the great majority of family units in the Republic of China to one child each. In fact, knowledge of sexual reproduction health should be put into consideration and valued to those of poor understanding. Moreover, the founder of Dandelion Africa, Wendo Aszed, lived in Kenya to witness the country’s living-conditions firsthand. She emphasizes her solutions:

If we don’t do something soon, I don’t know if there will be any resources left. There’s pressure on the environment, especially because we use charcoal, we use firewood. So, the larger the families, the more we consume. There’s no provision to plant trees because trees cost money. So if an average family, one parent probably earns maybe $2 at most a day. What will be the priority for the family? It will not be buying trees to plant. So, what we are seeing in Kenya, and in the recent statistics is Kenya is becoming a desert. Communities are beginning to realize that it’s better and easier to have a smaller family because the ecosystem of the community works better. (Aszed 00:02:17–00:03:07)

Aszed explains that throughout the population growth, communities in impoverished areas have learned the consequences and are taking it into deliberation for immediate action. Overall, to terminate further issues from arising it is up to the government and the community to serve fundamental conditions for this predicament.

All things considered, the human population has a powerful effect on the environment. Although, the relationship between population dynamics and environmental degradation is a complex matter of sequences and may as well be interlinked, that on the off chance that not one is address the other one will never be address either. Deforestation, water contamination and pollution, and land degradation in the form of desertification and soil erosion are the physical proof of the repercussions of human actions. Henceforth, these repercussions are the fundamental inducement of many societies’ adversities. For instance, water contaminations were the cause of typhoid fever that affected large-scale provinces. As citizens concerned about the upbringing of further analytical consequences, the society-as a whole- should reciprocate with better solutions to end the sequences of gaining and suffering and to bring both economic and environmental benefits to the country.

Did you like this example?

Population Growth: Human Impact On The Environment . (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Overpopulation: Human Impact on the Environment

Over the years, the environment has been changing drastically. One of the biggest contributors to these environmental changes/problems is the growth in human population. Population growth can be defined as the increase in the number of individuals in a species. Human population continues to grow year by year which is due to a high birth rate and decreasing death rate. With the population continually growing, the health of the environment is doing the opposite. The increase in human population has led to global warming, deforestation, deprivation of natural resources and other environmental concerns.

The primary reason why the population continues to escalate is due to the high birth rate and declining death rate in the world. The high birth rate is mainly due to less developed countries wanting to provide more hands available to work in order to produce more money for the country and the families of these workers (Uniyal, 2017). Child labor is mostly allowed in Africa and Asia which is where ninety percent of all child labor exists (Siddiqi, 2).

Furthermore, in countries where religion is held high abortion is highly discouraged. All types of birth control are shunned upon and there are consequences that are enforced if one does use them. Larger families are wanted to spread the religion. This causes an increase in the birth rate in the world as well.

The decline in death rate is mainly due to the improved technology of today’s world. Technology is getting better by the minute. This technological advancement has allowed for humans to live longer lives. Technology provides ways for humans to operate differently than they have in the past. It makes everything easier and more productive in life. Medical treatment is continually improving as well. Deadly diseases and illnesses that have killed millions of people are now treatable and pose as no threat to human life. Improved medicine and hospitals keep people living longer than ever before.

Another contributing factor to a low world death rate is a relatively higher standard of living among people. More people in more developed countries, such as the United States and Canada, are receiving high incomes than in past years. People with high incomes tend to live healthier lifestyles than people of low income. High income people are able to purchase gym memberships to stay fit and eat healthier meals. They can also afford health care enabling them to be checked up by doctors and dentists year-round. People in less developed countries can’t afford or are not always offered health care and such things due to the lack of resources in those type countries. Activities such as smoking and drinking are not common among high income people either which also helps to keep them healthy. The decline in death rate is positive but it is starting to contribute to the threat of over population as well.

With the population steadily increasing by the year these effects will only worsen as time passes by. The effects of overpopulation are endless and will only lead to the destruction of the world. Effects such as the exhaustion of food and natural resources, climate change, deforestation, and increased pollution are the most direct effects that overpopulation has on the environment.

With the population rising, the demand for food and natural resources is rising right along with it. There is only a limited number of food and water resources on the Earth. Humans are known for the overuse of these resources (Pimentel, 2012). Hunting and fishing are activities that humans have abused in the past. Greed for certain species of animals has led to them becoming endangered or extinct. This has a significant impact on the food chain and ecosystem where these animals live as well as surrounding environments.

Water used for buildings, waterparks, and other human services have affected the ecosystems where freshwater is needed. The decreased amount of groundwater in freshwater ecosystems negatively impacts the organisms that live there. These problems will continue to happen as more people continue to fill the Earth. It is already starting to become hard to provide for many people on the planet now but as humans continue to abuse the natural resources that the Earth provides, over time there will not be any resources to take from (Pimentel, 2012).

Deforestation is another effect of overpopulation that is not good for the planet. With the population increasing the need for places to live becomes more demanding. Urbanization is the result of this demand. Cities look to expand and cut down trees in order to make more space for homes, shopping centers, work buildings, roads and more (Overpopulation and the Environment, 2016). Deforestation is also used for agricultural needs. This often leads to a loss of habitat for animals that live in forests. The animals that are left with no shelter are forced to move or eventually die because of the cut down of trees. Forests are also cut down for the use of fire wood, paper, furniture and other products that can be sold for profit. This severe loss of trees and forests is detrimental to the environment. The negative impacts include more carbon dioxide is left in the air, less oxygen for humans to breathe, climate change and a degradation in the soil which leads to erosion. These effects are slowly taking a toll on the health of the Earth.

Pollution is a well-known major threat to the health of our planet. An increase in population will only intensify this pollution problem. Harmful gases from the use of cars, factories, and homes damage the quality of air in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gas emissions are at an all-time high because this. The burning of fossil fuels, oil, and coal are the main sources contributing to the pollution of the air we breathe. The continued burnings of these resources have been known to lead to respiratory infections, heart disease, and lung cancer in many people around the world. In addition to this, pollution has also affected the world’s water. According to Americas Troubled Waters, approximately eighty percent of streams contain insecticides, drugs, or other chemicals (Effects of Overpopulation, 2013). Chemical waste from factories and agriculture contribute to this runoff of chemicals into surrounding lakes and streams. Oceans are also full of nasty garbage and waste that threaten the lives of plants and animals in underwater ecosystems. Huge piles of waste, such as The Great Pacific Garbage Patch found in the Pacific Ocean, have been found through the oceans and seas of the world. This increase in pollution is only bound to grow with the increase of people in the world (Trevors, 2010).

The most significant effect of overpopulation is climate change. This is ultimately caused by the increased pollution and deforestation around the world. The increased emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases is also a reason the climate around all regions of the world is changing. People’s continued use and dependence on industrial activities such as driving cars, burning fossil fuels, etc., has been harming the environment (Trevors, 2010). The melting of polar ice caps and glaciers is now happening as well as a rise in sea level due to global warming. This can then develop into more powerful natural disasters in the future. Tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, and volcanoes are bound to become more powerful in the near future if dependence on these industrial activities do not stop.

Overpopulation is starting to become a critical issue in the world today. People need to be made aware that the planet may be in danger if certain necessary actions are not taken to preserve it. An effort needs to be made to protect the planet before it is too late to save it. Overpopulation directly effects everyone so it is important that one spreads awareness about the impact that this can have on the future of the human population.

Did you like this example?

Overpopulation: Human Impact On The Environment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Lessening Human Impact on the Environment

Industrialization side-effect Industrialization is advanced by energy utilization of coal, oil and gaseous petrol. A long period of time back, non-renewable energy sources were framed by decay and pressing factor of verdure. Petrol is the most generally utilized fuel as a crude material for gas creation and as an item. Tainting is an adjustment of the environment that antagonistically influences the daily routine and strength of experiencing things.

Proof of human impact on the environment shows up in every day talk. The overall discernment that people and their utilization unfavorably influence the environment relies increasingly more upon logical contextual investigations. Numerous logical diary pages have many contextual analyses that populace development diminishes, normal verdure are supplanted and annihilated (Anderson et al., 2008). In this manner, metropolitan regions can be viewed as frameworks that individuals connect with and collaborate with biological systems. Land use frameworks cooperate with regular natural cycles and mediation in specific pieces of the framework unavoidably influence different parts. We need to comprehend the potential impacts of arranged and impromptu mediations in metropolitan regions and the attributes and elements of the general framework. What is its effect? (Lisaka in 1982, Turner in 1994, Fazal in 2000, Van in 2006)

There is no question that human exercises might influence the indigenous habitat. Part of the overwhelming results of human exercises to the environment, and the solitary other motivation behind the exercises is to improve or reestablish the environment. Shockingly, regardless of positive expectations, the last sporadically prompts adverse outcomes. From various perspectives people contrarily affect the environment: modern plant contaminations are only one instance of unloading the timberland space of ??deforestation through streams, prompting the burning of petroleum derivatives for worldwide environmental change. Revolting human effect on the environment, great and awful, these things fall into a misstep "Monstrous." At times, however people mean well, yet we truly support the environment harming it Please attempt. Here are four human endeavors to work on the environment

Individuals have different effects on the environment. Normal impacts incorporate contamination and ozone harming substance discharges, fatigue of regular assets, commitment to worldwide environmental change, and disintegration of water quality. Some of them are auxiliary impacts of others, yet it is important for the activity and series of responses, an immediate consequence of human action. One of the best human effects on the water framework is the presentation of overabundance supplements. Supplements like nitrogen and phosphorus, fundamental for the wellbeing and endurance of amphibian plants and creatures. Nonetheless, people present a lot of supplements principally through abuse of manure. An excess of supplements can quickly lessen water quality because of unusual expansion of specific microbes and green growth, microorganisms and green growth utilize these different types of oxygen essential for endurance. There are more issues that these supplements can be shipped downstream to different streams, waterways and inlets.

In the narrative "No Impact", we examined the excursion of Colin Beavan, his better half Michelle, and their girls, which adversely affect the environment. At first, they made strides, for example, buying from the neighborhood ranchers market, working for veggie lovers, utilizing bikes to go to work. In any case, more emotional changes were made. - Sustainable Energy Innovation at the University of Toronto St. George Campus of the University of Toronto is situated in the core of Canada's biggest city and is the innovator in environmental supportability. Environmental supportability alludes to the administration or pay of harm to the environment by another method of rebuilding or development to deal with the natural impression.

Because of guidelines pointed toward lessening environmental harm, an ever increasing number of organizations are compelled to think about the environmental effect of their business. The public's impression of environmental manageability has pressed executing supportable arrangements. Therefore, the quantity of associations that underscore business manageability is expanding. During the time spent carrying out environmental harm relief measures, cost decrease and benefit increment are required. This viably empowers an ever increasing number of associations to keep embracing new business supportability procedures to accomplish long haul environmental manageability.

Did you like this example?

Lessening Human Impact On The Environment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Gender Neutrality and Design

Gender, and the way we express it, is one of the biggest topics in today’s world. No longer are people identifying only as male and female. More and more are identifying as agender, non-binary, and transgender. The lines between male and female are blurring, with a much larger gray space between them growing. The way we as humans identify ourselves is becoming extremely unique and has long outgrown the binary. In her essay, His & Hers? Designing for a Post-Gender Society, Suzanne Tick notes that “Identity is no longer clearly defined as female or male, but by increasingly visible manifestations of sexuality or lack thereof.” She also observes that “Masculine and feminine definitions are being switched and obscured. But this is an essentially human phenomenon.” (Tick).

The impact of this change in how society views itself needs to be addressed in every field. Doctors’ offices are changing paperwork to have a ‘sex’ and a ‘gender’ identification on record. Educational curriculums are changing to include more accurate sex education. So how does this impact us as designers of the modern world? The lines are being blurred between the traditional classifications of masculine and feminine. Fashion design and Beauty are the fastest industries to embrace and reflect these changes. Traditionally a female dominated industry, the makeup community has recently seen an influx of boys in beauty. In 2016, James Charles became the first male Covergirl model to appeal to this new clientele. With the rise in popularity of YouTubers like James Charles and Jeffree Star, it is becoming commonplace for anyone interested to wear makeup, not just cis-women. In the fashion world, gender neutrality clothing lines are becoming more common.

Most recently, Celine Dion announced a gender-neutral clothing line for kids as a partnership with Nununu, a brand known for providing genderless clothing options. Their website avoids mention of gender, with apparel categories simply labeled as ‘baby’, ‘children’, ‘teens’, and ‘adults’. This progressive approach to clothing is sending a message to our children, that they can identify anyway they want to from a very early age. This blurring of gender lines is a step in the right direction in allowing everyone to express themselves in anyway they want. As far as the field of interior design goes, we have a long way to go. Today’s design trends, especially in the business field, are still rooted in Modernism, a movement created from a male perspective. Historically, gender roles put males in offices of power and females in secretarial roles.

Office buildings were typically designed around these roles, with masculine inner offices and more feminine reception spaces. These traditional roles are changing in major ways. Today, almost a quarter of positions of power are held by women. Martine Rothblatt, the CEO of United Therapeutics, happens to be a transgender woman. She defied all traditional gender roles to become the highest paid female executive in the United States. In her book, The Apartheid of Sex, she argues that “There are five billion people in the world and five billion unique sexual identities.” (Rothblatt, 13). This statement is very reflective of todays people, as each person is realizes they are free to define their own sexual identity in anyway they choose. The most pressing issue in designing for gender beyond the binary is bathrooms.

As more and more people identify as gender-neutral and transgender, we need to find ways to ensure their comfort and safety without violating anyone else’s. People can dress and physically present themselves anyway they wish, but how do we determine which bathroom they should use? The best solution to this is to have three bathrooms: male, female, and unisex. This allows everyone to use the bathroom they feel most comfortable in, without making anyone feel uncomfortable. Major companies like Google have already begun implementing three bathrooms to ensure everyone is comfortable, saying that their employees should not have to “choose a gender while in the workplace.” (Tick). This is a very progressive idea, and for a company as large as Google to have a stance on the bathroom debate is a step towards universal acceptance of the idea. Arguably the biggest bathroom debate occurs in schools, at almost every level.

Elementary, middle, and high schools all have the traditional male/female bathroom set up, with slim to none offering a gender-neutral option. This causes many students to feel uncomfortable expressing themselves in school and often makes gender nonconforming students the target of bullying. Many schools have harsh policies requiring students to use the bathroom of the gender assigned to them at birth, regardless of the way they choose to express themselves now. This creates an uncomfortable situation for almost everyone involved and will only lead to more bullying or worse.

On college campuses, dorms often have community bathrooms that are male/female, causing even more issues when showering and personal hygiene are considered. Similar issues are faced in nearly every public establishment. Individuals who do not fit the binary are forced to choose which bathroom to use. No matter which they eventually pick, they are likely to be targets of hate speech and general discomfort among others, leaving them with no good option. Something as basic as using the bathroom should not be a highly stressful experience for anyone.

An article published on the American Society for Interior Designers (ASID) website calls for design to be “gender-conscious rather than gender-friendly.” (American) Research shows that gender stereotypes reflected in the physical environment affect an individual’s level of comfort, which directly correlates to their ability to be productive and focused. They suggest that instead of designing completely gender-neutral spaces, we create spaces that improve the comfort level of all employees, regardless of their gender identity. In a business setting, open space design encourages collaboration between all employees and eliminates an emphasis on the hierarchical organization of employees.

This space layout aims to help employers and employees see past old stereotypes of men being the ones with the brains and ideas and encourage the hiring and advancement of females. Applicants should be hired based on credentials and experience, not based on gender or visual perception. When everyone is treated equally and feels comfortable in the workplace, great progress can be made. As designers, we should be creating spaces that everyone feels comfortable in, regardless of their gender, sex, race, or sexuality. The focus should not be on these traits, but rather on using a space for its intended purpose. Employees should be able to work efficiently without worrying about how their identity will help or hinder their chances of employment or comfort. Students should be able to study and learn without worrying about which bathroom they will use during lunch. As designers, it is our responsibility to design a better tomorrow, one in which everyone feels comfortable and accepted.

Did you like this example?

Gender Neutrality and Design. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Rheumatoid Arthritis

In the 1800’s, the disease Rheumatoid Arthritis was discovered by a French medical student, Augustin-Jacob Landre-Beauvais. Since the 1800’s, the science behind this disease has developed greatly. In this paper I would like to discuss the meaning of Rheumatoid Arthritis, the source, side effects, people who are more likely to be affected and the care needed to prevent or minimize the effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Our immune system is a very important part of our body, the immune system attacks foreign substances like bacteria and viruses that have entered our body and that can make us ill. However, sometimes our immune system starts to think that our joints are a foreign substance and mistakenly starts to attack our joints and this is known as rheumatoid arthritis.

The cause of rheumatoid arthritis has not yet been completely understood. However, there is some scientific evidence that proposes that genes, hormones and the environment we live in may be factors to getting the disease. In the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis, people experience tenderness and pain in their joints. The more serious symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is inflammation of tissue that causes the tissue lines inside the joints to thicken. The thickening of the tissue around the joints results in swelling and pain in and around the joints. The joints in our hands, feet, wrists, elbows, knees and ankles are most likely affected by this disease. However, the entire body may also be affected, rheumatoid arthritis can attack our cardiovascular system or respiratory system. The cardiovascular system is the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph (fluid containing white blood cells) through the body. The respiratory system is organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, the primary organ of this system are the lungs. Rheumatoid arthritis is known as a symmetrical disease, meaning if one side of our body is being affected by it so is the exact other side. This means if our right knee is affected by rheumatoid arthritis there is a very high likelihood our left knee will also be affected by it.

The symptoms and effects of rheumatoid arthritis are not permanent, they come and go, however, ongoing high levels of inflammation can cause major problems in the body. The increase of inflammation and other symptoms is called a flare. A flare can last for days or even months. The organs, body system or body fluids that can be affected by this disease and a flare are our eyes, mouth, skin, lungs, blood vessels, and blood. Due to rheumatoid arthritis our eyes suffer from dryness, pain, redness, sensitivity to light and impaired vision; our mouth can suffer from dryness as well and gum irritation or infection; small lumps can be created under the skin over our bones; our lungs can inflame which may lead to shortness of breath; our blood vessels can also inflame that can led to damage in our nerves and other organs; we can also become anemic (a lower number red blood cells) due to rheumatoid arthritis. Another symptom of rheumatoid arthritis is damage to our cartilage. Cartilage is a firm, elastic, flexible type of connective tissue of a translucent whitist or yellowish color.

Cartilage also covers the ends of bones in joints as well as the bones themselves. Due to rheumatoid arthritis our body starts to loss cartilage and the space between joints and bones become smaller or the joints become loose. This is very painful for the body and this can lead to loss of mobility of that particular part of body. There about 1.5 million people in American only that have rheumatoid arthritis. Women are more prone to the disease than men. Studies have shown that near three times as women have the diseased compared to men. Women in the age range of 30 to 60 are at the highest risk of getting rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, men get rheumatoid arthritis later, after 60 years of age, in their life. Studies have also shown that a person’s genetic makeup plays a huge factor of being diagnosed with the disease. People with a specific genetic marker called the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) have a five times greater chance of developing rheumatoid arthritis. HLA is a system or “gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans.

These cell-surface proteins are responsible for the regulation of the immune system in humans. The complex helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria.” (Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Care, n.d.) Another words the immune system uses these markers to recognize which cells belong in your body and which do not. When HLA is in our genetic makeup our immune system starts to believe our cells are a foreign body and start to attack them. Ongoing research discovered links to other factors that prone a person to get rheumatoid arthritis. However, these studies are still being developed. These factors include: foreign substances like bacteria and viruses in the body that trigger development of the disease in a person whose genes make is prone to get the disease; female hormones; obesity; stressful events such as physical or emotional trauma; our environment; family history of the diseases and smoking or air pollution. These factors make a person more prone to get the disease.

Our body give us clues that something might be wrong. Early clues that a person might be suffering or development rheumatoid arthritis are joint pain, tenderness, swelling or stiffness for six weeks or longer; morning stiffness for 30 minutes or longer; and same joints on both sides of the body are affected. Along with pain, many people also experience fatigue, loss of appetite and a low-grade fever. No test has been created that can confirm whether a person has rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, medical history, physical exam and diagnostic test play a huge role in the determination of having the disease or not. If rheumatoid arthritis has been in your family’s medical history there is a high likelihood you may suffer from the diseases as well. Therefore, doctors will ask questions about your family’s medial history to see if you are prone to getting it. If a person is suffering from pain, tenderness, stiffness and has difficulty moving: this hints to a person developing or have developed rheumatoid arthritis. Another way to discover whether a person is suffering from rheumatoid arthritis is a physical examination. A doctor will examine each joint and look for tenderness, swelling, warmth and painful or limited movement.

Furthermore, blood test can also measure the inflammation levels in a person body and link them to rheumatoid arthritis or not. Looking at a person’s genetic makeup or biomarkers can also hint if someone is suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Also, if rheumatoid factor is found in a person they are suffering from the disease of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid is an antibody found in about 80 percent of people with rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, an x-ray or ultrasound can disclose joint damage which is a symptom of rheumatoid arthritis. These are some methods to determining if someone has the disease or not. The goal to treat symptoms is to stop inflammation, relieve symptoms, prevent joint and organ damages, improve physical function and overall well-being, and to reduce long term complications. Medications are used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and to reach the above-mentioned goals. These medications work in two ways: some medication are used to ease the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and others are used to slow or stop the course of the disease and to prevent structural damage.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are available over the counter and by prescription that help cure the disease. Surgery is another way to cure the disease. For people that end up with permanent damage that limits their daily function and/or mobility joint replacement surgery can relieve pain and restore function in joints that have been badly damaged by rheumatoid arthritis. Hip and knee replacements are common for people who have rheumatoid arthritis. The procedure involves replacing damaged parts of a joint with metal and plastic parts. Ways to prevent rheumatoid arthritis from happening to you is to take care of yourself. In your life, play an active role in maintaining a good quality of life.

The following are some way to prevent getting rheumatoid arthritis. One way is to eat healthy. Studies have shown that foods that are rich in antioxidants help control and reduce inflammation. A Mediterranean diet is good to follow because it contains foods that are rich in antioxidants such as: fish, vegetables, fruits and olive oil. It is also important to eliminate or significantly reduce processed and fast foods that cause inflammation. The second way is to have good balance between rest and physical activity. Exercise that focus on flexibility, muscle strengthening, and/or physical therapy can also help treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, rest is equally as important to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Taking breaks throughout the day help reduce inflammation and reduces pain, swelling and stiffness. Another way to cure or prevent rheumatoid arthritis is heat and cold treatments. Heat treatments (such as heat pads or warm baths) smooth stiff joints and tired muscles. Cold treatment help with the pain, it numbs painful areas and reduces inflammation. I am a very active person, contracting such a disease will impact my life in many ways. I would not be able to enjoy my everyday activites without pain. This disease will also effect my job of being a DJ on the weekends because I will not be able to move around my equipment freely. In conclusion, as stated above Rheumatoid Arthritis has very painful side affects this is why everyone should practice to live and active and health life.

Did you like this example?

Rheumatoid Arthritis. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Cultural Language Barriers in Health Care

One important contributing factor to the quality of life of an individual is access to health care and the quality of care they receive. In the United states many are fortunate to have numerous resources for healthcare, but there are still those whose care is inhibited by communication barriers related to culture. “Culture is defined as the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, customs, lifeways, arts, and all other products of human work and thought characteristics of a population of people that guide their worldview and decision making. It is largely unconscious and has powerful influences on health and illnesses.” (Purnell, 2017, p. 2-3). To decrease disparities and increase patient satisfaction a patient’s cultural beliefs and practices should be recognized, respected, and implemented with their care. How is inadequate healthcare related to communication and what actions are being implemented to overcome this barrier?

One of the goals in health care is to provide the safest and best quality of care for patients to promote their quality of life. To provide the best care, the health care team needs access to the best-known practices in health care as well as effective communication between them and the patient. From working five years as a certified nursing assistant directly caring for patients in an Emergency Department I can say there are many important stages of communication involved with treating a patient. Information needed from the patient includes medical history and a description of the symptoms they are experiencing, when those symptoms started, the amount of pain they are experiencing, what kind of allergies they have, and what they have been exposed to that could possibly cause their symptoms. Usually there are tests, procedures, and treatments involved with caring for a patient in the ED and permission is needed from the patient before proceeding with any care. An explanation for all care is necessary for the patient to understand the care they will receive and provide an informed consent. It is especially important to provide an explanation for medications provided, their dose, frequency for administration, and side effects to be aware of. At the end of the patients visit health care instructions for post visit care and follow up are provided. It is very important for all of this information to be accurately understood by both the provider and the patient to avoid dangerous situations for the patient

Misunderstanding healthcare instructions can lead to safety issues (Schyve, 2007, p.360-361). For example, a patient may not understand instructions for how to take their medications and could overdose or take too little of the medication for it to be therapeutic. This is very important for medications such as insulin. Excess insulin can cause potentially life-threatening low blood sugars, or a deficient amount can cause high blood sugars leading to other health issues. A patient may also misunderstand how to take care of themselves while dealing with a chronic condition. For example, a diabetic patient may not understand that they need to be conscientious of their sugar and carbohydrate intake to aid in controlling their blood sugar. A great example of a cultural barrier communication is written in Anne Fadiman’s book “The Spirit Catches You and You fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures.” A Hmong infant, Lia, is brought to an American Hospital after experiencing seizures. Lia’s parents did not speak English and Hmong interpreter was not available. The ER doctors performed “vet medicine” and treated the symptoms off illness they found through diagnostic tests. Lia’s parents could not communicate she had been having seizures. Every time Lia was brought into the hospital, she was treated for illnesses such as pneumonia, which was caused by aspiration during a seizure. It wasn’t until Lia’s parents brought her in while actively seizing that she was diagnosed with epilepsy and the physician understood it had been missed in the previous ER visits. Also due to cultural beliefs and the language barrier, the parents did not understand the importance of being consistent with her seizure medication to suppress the seizures. The parents believed no one should be on a medication forever and they did not like the side effects Lia experienced. They believed the medication was making her sicker so they discontinued giving some medications while under dosing or over dosing the others. Due to the inconsistency, Lia’s seizures got worse and eventually caused brain damage that made Lia a “vegetable,” (Fadiman, 2012).

There are several main factors contributing to communication as a barrier in health care: unproficiency in the common language, inadequate health literacy, inadequate reading level, and different meanings of a word to different cultures. Language becomes a barrier when it is assumed there is proficient understanding of a common language. This can occur when the patient states they understand an adequate amount of the common language or when the provider believes they are proficient in the patient’s language. Often times a patient will use a family member as their interpreter, but the family member is not proficient enough to translate medical terminology. Using a family member, such as a child, as an interpreter can inhibit the patient from sharing sensitive information such as sexuality, drug and alcohol misuse, and domestic violence (Purnell, 2014). Cultural differences in language interpretation present as a barrier due to different meanings or understandings of a word in different cultures. Low health literacy can present due to language and cultural barriers, but often within groups of people of the same culture. Health literacy also involves the patient’s ability to read and write. Often a provider will assume the patient is health literate if they speak the same language and are of the same culture. A patient can feel embarrassed by their lack of knowledge and my not communicate their lack in understanding, so the provider is unaware. This assumption leads to inadequate understanding of health care by the patient (Schyve, 2007, p. 360-361). Patient’s may also be at a low reading level and can’t read the instructions on their care instructions or the directions on the medication bottles. This can also be embarrassing for the patients to admit to, so the health care team can be unaware. The patient may also be very proficient with reading, but only in their own language, however they could receive instruction in English, which they can’t read. All of these issues encountered with communication barriers lead to inadequate health care for the patient and increases cost as well as health risks.

According to research conducted by the Center for Immigration Studies, one in five U.S. residents speak a foreign language at home. That is a record of 61.8 million people. The research also concluded that of those who speak a foreign language, 25.1 billion (41 percent) reported to the Census Bureau they speak English less than very well (Camarota, Zeigler, 2014). Roughly eight percent of America’s population is at risk for experiencing communication issues in health care. Some studies show an association between a language barrier and health care related issues such as preventative care and screening, mental health care, pain and symptom management, chronic disease management, informed consent, and medication errors.

For those who have limited English skills knowing what health care services are available to them and making an appointment can prove challenging. Many online, over the phone, or print resources are usually available in English or Spanish. Limited skills can also prevent a person from picking up health information from places most of us learn our information such as the newspaper, advertisements, T.V., or radio. Lack of English proficiency is correlated with lack of knowledge about stroke and heart attacks (Chow et al., 2008; DuBard et al., 2006), and lack of information regarding cancer signs and symptoms (Fitch et al., 1997).

According to Jacobs, Shepard, and Stone those whose primary language is not English are less likely to use a source of primary care and less likely to receive preventative care (Jacobs, Shepard, Stone, 2004). One study found that infants of parents whose primary language was not English were half as likely to receive all recommended preventive care visits compared with infants of parents whose primary language was English (Cohen & Christakis, 2006). Language barriers have been demonstrated to result in lower participation in cancer screening programs: breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, and colorectal cancer screening (Alexandraki & Mooradian, 2010; Ayanian et al, 2005; Fang & Baker, 2013).

Mental health care relies heavily on language to appropriate treat mental health diseases. Older generations of immigrants with limited English-speaking skills present with high rates of mental health disorders but are also less likely to seek help. (Kim et al., 2011). Managing a patient’s pain is also an area effected by language barrier. Patients who unable to effectively communicate the amount of pain they are in are less likely to have it managed effectively. Jimenez reported obstetrical patients who receive interpreter services are more likely to report better pain control and treatment than those who did not receive an interpreter (Jimenez et al., 2014).

One area of concern with language barriers is chronic illness management because the patient will experience symptoms either longer term or for the rest of their life. Leaving them unmanaged can further exacerbate the disease and possible lead to preventable worsening health conditions or death. Using diabetes as an example, there is a lot of important information involved with managing this chronic illness. Knowledge of diabetes management includes knowledge of diet and exercise, both of which aid in lowering blood sugars. A diabetic patient must also know how to check their blood sugars as well as how often to monitor for elevated or low blood sugars that could lead to more health care issues or life-threatening situations. According to studies about language barriers and diabetes, all of these areas are shown to be deficient when compared with English speaking patients (Detz et al., 2014; Fernandez et al., 2011; Karter et al., 2000).

Informed consent for care or a procedure is very important in health care. The provider needs permission from the patient who fully comprehends all aspects of the care or procedure they are receiving. A procedure such as surgery requires that the surgeon explains the reason for the surgery, the steps of the surgery, medications being used, as well as the post-operative symptoms and potential risks. A patient with a language barrier cannot give informed consent if they do not understand everything the surgeon is saying. A study by Schenker showed non English-speaking patients were less likely to have documentation of informed consent for invasive procedures such as surgery (Schenker et al., 2007). Another study showed it was unknown if patients with limited English skills who were not provided an interpreter received adequate information for them to be considered informed (Hunt & de Voogd, 20070).

A safety concern for patients with a language barrier involves medication errors. Patients without interpreter services are at risk for misunderstanding medication administration instructions, will less likely take their medications consistently as directed, will have inadequate symptom management, and are at risk for further complications (Dilworth et al., 2009). In one study conducted, evidence showed Spanish speaking patients were more likely to experience a dosing error than English speaking patients (Samuels-Kalow et al., 2013). ?

Bibliography

Fang, D. M., & Baker, D. L. (2013). Barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women of hmong origin. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 24(2), 540- 555. doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0067; 10.1353/hpu.2013.0067

Fernandez, A., Schillinger, D., Warton, E. M., Adler, N., Moffet, H. H., Schenker, Y., . . . Karter, A. J. (2011). Language barriers, physician-patient language concordance, and glycemic control among insured latinos with diabetes: The diabetes study of northern california (DISTANCE). Journal of General Internal Medicine, 26(2), 170-176. doi:10.1007/s11606-010- 1507-6

Hunt, L. M., & de Voogd, K. B. (2007). Are good intentions good enough? informed consent without trained interpreters. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(5), 598-605. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0136-1

Jacobs, A.E., Shepard, D.S., Suaya, J.A., Stone, E.L. (2004). Overcoming languages in healthcare: Cost and benefits of interpreter services. Am J Public Health, 94(5), 866-869.

Jimenez, N., Jackson, D. L., Zhou, C., Ayala, N. C., & Ebel, B. E. (2014). Postoperative pain management in children, parental english proficiency, and access to interpretation. Hospital Pediatrics, 4(1), 23-30. doi:10.1542/hpeds.2013-0031; 10.1542/hpeds.2013-0031

Karter, A. J., Ferrara, A., Darbinian, J. A., Ackerson, L. M., & Selby, J. V. (2000). Self-monitoring of blood glucose: Language and financial barriers in a managed care population with diabetes. Diabetes Care, 23(4), 477-483.

Kim, G., Aguado Loi, C. X., Chiriboga, D. A., Jang, Y., Parmelee, P., & Allen, R. S. (2011). Limited english proficiency as a barrier to mental health service use: A study of latino and asian immigrants with psychiatric disorders. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(1), 104-110. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.031

Purnell, L.D. (2014). Guide to culturally competent health care (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.

Schenker, Y., Wang, F., Selig, S. J., Ng, R., & Fernandez, A. (2007). The impact of language barriers on documentation of informed consent at a hospital with on-site interpreter services. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22 Suppl 2, 294-299. doi:10.1007/s11606-007- 0359-1

Schyve, P.M. (2007). Language differences and a barrier to quality and safety in healthcare: The joint commission perspective. J Gen Intern Med, 22, 360-361. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0365-3

Did you like this example?

Cultural Language Barriers in Health Care. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Central Processing Unit Explained

In today’s society, it’s normal to expect new models of phones, computers, video game consoles, or almost any device there is out there on the market every year. With the expectation of better features, a new design, and improved graphics, there’s a never-ending cycle of creation and improvement of technology. However, what would happen if technology never improved? How would society be impacted if we still used computers made in the mid-1900s? Could you imagine a world where there was no such thing as high-definition displays or 3D graphics? We are so used to getting the latest and newest versions of technology that it’s often hard to look back on times where technology wasn’t at today’s standards.

One innovation in computing that has changed the world socially, economically, and culturally is the development of the Graphics Processing Unit that is in most technological devices today. A graphics processing unit, also known as a GPU or graphics card, is a type of processor that was created to manage graphic rendering tasks that the Central Processing Unit, CPU, could not handle. The term Graphics Processing Unit was coined when the American chip-maker company NVIDIA introduced the GPU to the PC industry on August 31, 1999. Although the GPU was introduced in 1999, its use can be traced back to as early as 1951 with the creation of 3D flight simulators that were used in the Navy. The foundation of modern GPUs today can also be seen as far back as the 1970s with the use of video shifters.

The main purpose of a Graphics Processing Unit is to render content, such as graphics, and ensure that computers or monitors display images properly. One of the key reasons why the GPU was created was due to the limited graphics processing functionalities that the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in a computer possessed. Because of this problem with the CPU, computers would often freeze and slow down in speed since the CPU cannot handle demanding workloads by itself. With its creation, the GPU not only aided the CPU by handling graphics processing functionalities, but it also rendered images on computers better. By using a GPU, a computer’s performance increased greatly, helping computers avoid problems such as overheating, and allowed for higher frame rates on a computer. The GPU was able to increase the detail of any type of graphics on a display without sacrificing performance on a device.

There are a plethora of technical aspects that the GPU contains which makes it a key innovation in computing today. The most significant technical aspect of the GPU is that it focuses on parallelization, meaning that it can execute many mathematical calculations simultaneously rather than sequentially. Unlike a CPU which may only have 4 cores, a GPU can contain up to thousands of cores specifically made for parallel operations. The data parallel structure of a GPU makes it optimal for handling computationally intensive data that would take a long time for the CPU to compute. Whereas the CPU can power web applications and word processing, GPUs can make visual models and 3D graphics.

Moving away from the technological aspect of the GPU, its creation and introduction to the PC industry has had various impacts and effects on the world. A few benefits of the GPU is that it speeds up the efficiency of a computer graphics-wise and has created opportunities to develop and research areas such as 3D graphics and modeling, medical innovation, infrastructure, scientific image processing, and super-computing. However, despite all these benefits, there are also consequences to the development of the GPU. For example, GPUs are heavily used in cryptocurrency due to its ability to handle a large amount of repetitive work. The widespread use of GPUs have not only inflated their prices, but it also harbors some security risks on topics such as cryptocurrency, where hackers and cyber criminals can steal large sums of money easily. Relating back to today’s society, over the past decade, our culture has been immersed in entertainment such as video games, movies, and even social media sites that were made possible due to GPU-related processes, showing that the GPU is a computer innovation that we almost can’t live without.

Did you like this example?

Central Processing Unit Explained. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Immune System and Nutrition

Everyday we make decisions that can affect our future. Our level of lifestyle choices determine the level of our health. From aspects such as physical activity to nutrition which nourishes and fuels our body, can determine if an individual lives a long healthy life. The body is a physical structure which sustains a profusion of systems that work coercively to maintain life. Three of these major structures include the brain, cardiovascular system and the immune system. Many articles have emphasized the importance of incorporating a healthy diet in an individuals daily regimen due to the prevalent link of diet and disease throughout the various bodily systems. As well as the necessity of physical activity to promote the full function of the organs and muscles within the body. There are an infinite amount of benefits of maintaining an active lifestyle while following a nutritious diet, ultimately improving the quality of an individuals life.

The brain is one of the most important parts of anatomy of an individual. It functions on a twenty-four hour seven days a week basis, regardless if an individual is awake or in the deepest of sleeps. The biggest factor of brain health is linked to diet, because of the ceaseless functioning of the brain it requires and endless amount of fuel, in this case food. The food which we intake should be rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants to nourish the brain for full potential. The worst options are processed and refined products especially those filled with sugars. According to the Harvard Medical School article of Nutritional Psychiatry :Your Brain On Food by Doctor Eva Selhus, states “If your brain is deprived of good quality nutrition, or if free radicals or damaging inflammatory cells are circulating within the brain’s enclosed space, further contributing to brain tissue injury, consequences are to be expected”. This is due to the fact that correlation of good nutrient dense foods such as broccoli, apricots and raspberries have capabilities of fighting free radicals. These free radicals tend to damage cells which then cause the production of harmful inflammatory cells, dramatically having a negative effect on the health of the brain. Memory is a huge factor in defining a healthy brain and supplements such as Ginkgo Balboa which is extracted from the Ginkgo tree has positive effects on recollection. Vegetables and fruits such as spinach and tomatoes are natural ways to enhance memory as well as the incorporation of Omega 3 oils from fish in an individual’s diet.

“Protein, which we take in through meat, eggs and beans and peas (pulses), contain high levels of amino acids, such as tyrosine, which in turn cause neurons to produce the very important neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine, which are associated with mental alertness.” (Roche)

The different foods and supplements one takes all have individual roles in different functioning of the body’s most complex organ, something as simple as adding protein to your diet can enhance the production of necessary neurotransmitters aiding in mental health. (Roche) The significance in which diet and nutrition aids in promoting the brain’s full potential is monumental due to the high availability of these products, making it effortless to encourage changes for superior brain health.

Lifestyle changes in diet are one of the first steps, but exercising the mind and body play significant roles in a healthy brain. Participating in physical activity not only strengthens the body but it improves the mind by positively affecting mood, combating stress and enhancing memory. By increasing blood flow exercise allows the brain to receive vast amounts of oxygen and glucose aiding in the growth of neurons. Dr. Bryan Roche states in his article 10 Ways To Improve Your Brain Health, “physical activity promotes the production of three essential “growth factors,” called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1), and endothelial growth factor (VEGF)”. These are essential factors aide in the growth of new blood vessels, reduce inflammation as well as halting cell self-destruction. Mental activity and games and tasks such as crossword puzzles and sudoku will constantly condition and challenge the brain and improve cognitive ability. Practicing playing these games that stimulate the brain has lead to growth through neurogenesis. Activity whether it be physical or mental plays a great effect in aiding the overall growth and capabilities within an individual’s cranium.

Furthermore, a main component to overall health is related to the heart. “The heart beats about 2.5 billion times over the average lifetime, pushing millions of gallons of blood to every part of the body”. (Harvard Health Publishing) Heart disease is also the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. The rate of which people are diagnosed with defects within the cardiovascular system is alarming due to its essential nature of promoting crucial bodily functions. Some of these functions include transporting elements such as necessary nutrients, hormones, and oxygen to cells within the body. Not only does it deliver these crucial components, the cardiovascular system also emits excess carbon dioxide as well as nitrogenous wastes. When neglecting to give one of the body’s most vital organ the attention and care which is necessary, life altering diseases become prevalent and are associated in the overall well-being of an individual.

Due to the vital nature of maintaining a healthy heart, there are a plethora of conditions associated with heart disease. Majority of these issues initiate when a substance called plaque forms deposits in artery walls. Plaques are composed of a fatty, wax like substance which reduces blood flow and it can sometimes create blood clots when they rupture. “A key problem is atherosclerosis. This is the accumulation of pockets of cholesterol-rich gunk inside the arteries”. (WebMD) One primary function of cholesterol is its ability to make vitamin D and hormones such as estrogen and testosterone. There are two types of cholesterol bad and good. The good kind of cholesterol is HDL or high-density lipoprotein which helps remove plaque to aid in the prevention of heart disease. On the other end is LDL or low-density lipoprotein which is the bad type of cholesterol which contributes to artery-clogging plaque. It is vital for the body to keep a balance of the two, and levels can be checked through blood tests. Having high cholesterol can be deadly due to its correlation to having a heart attack or a stroke.

A heart attack occurs when the blood flow is cut off to the heart while a stroke is the loss of circulation of blood and oxygen to the brain. Some of the signs associated with an oncoming

heart attack include chest pain, fatigue, nausea, sweating and difficulty breathing while strokes include vision problems, numbness, slurred speech and confusion. One of the biggest warning signs of an oncoming heart attack is a symptom called angina, which is the feeling of pressure or squeezing in the chest. Stable angina is the most common and is triggered by stress or intense physical activity, lasting a few minutes usually coming to a halt with rest. (WebMD) Unstable angina occurs during idle periods with strong and lengthy wavering periods. (WebMD) Prinzmetal’s angina also known as variant angina is the rarest form which typically occurs during inactive periods of rest where the arteries in the heart suddenly tighten or narrow. (WebMD) It is highly recommended to consult a doctor about treating these symptoms because they are warning signs of a possible heart attack.

When consulting a professional about any of these symptoms there are numerous methods put in place to measure heart activity. One of the most important things to check regularly is blood pressure, because when it is too high it is considered the “silent killer” due to the lack of symptoms it produces. (WebMD) Luckily a blood pressure monitor also known as a sphygmomanometer is fairly inexpensive and small enough for every household to carry one. There are two numbers which are listed when doing a reading, systolic and diastolic. The number on top is the systolic pressure and is the higher of the two numbers, reading the pressure of blood flow on your arteries walls while your heart is beating. The bottom number or diastolic pressure reads pressure on the arteries walls when your heart is at rest between heartbeats and refilling with blood. (WebMD) The average normal reading is less than 120 over less than 80, if the reading is 120-129 over less than 80 than the individual is at risk for having high blood pressure while 130 over 80 or higher signals the individual suffers from high blood pressure. This method is simple enough for individuals of all ages to read and understand, helping to aid and monitor levels to avoid the risk of high blood pressure.

Another test which can determine the risk of having heart disease is a stress test. This test is typically performed by your Doctor by providing them with information on how much your heart can manage before an abnormal rhythm starts of blood flow to your heart muscle drops. (WebMD) The most often used types are exercise electrocardiograms, treadmill test and stress EKG. The process involves walking or pedaling on a treadmill or stationary bike, while tracking blood pressure and heart rate. These tests are used to evaluate symptoms like palpitations, shortness of breath, or chest pains and their links to the heart. It also assess the correlation between blood flow and activity levels as well identifying abnormal heart rhythms. This test will allow the Doctor to develop an effective and safe exercise program to prevent or combat heart disease.

The most effective way to avoid heart disease is by preventing it through lifestyle changes. The first step is a change in diet which should consist of primarily fruits and vegetables. Proteins should be lean primarily fish and poultry, with a limit on red meats. Whole grain and low-fat dairy products should be incorporated in portions as well as healthy fats such as nuts. The biggest things to avoid are sugary and processed foods and drinks. The alternative healthy choices may result in weight loss allowing for lower levels of cholesterol as well. Another crucial component is to stay consistently active, as light as a thirty minute brisk walk or more intense as a three mile run. The biggest and most difficult change typically falls under addictive behaviors such as smoking and drinking alcohol so avoiding and limiting these behaviors at all costs are highly recommended.

Every component in the body has a significant role in keeping an individual healthy and the immune system is by far one of the most important because it acts as the bodies natural defense system. “The immune system is an intricate network of cells, tissues, and organs that band together to defend your body against invaders. Those invaders can include bacteria, viruses, parasites, even a fungus, all with the potential to make us sick”. (Dunkin) Unfortunately, these invaders are unavoidable so the immune system reacts by creating a barrier to protect the body from being infiltrated. But due to the commonality of these antigens, the immune system creates white blood cells and proteins to demolish the unfamiliar substances before they can reproduce. The antigens themselves have millions of varieties which are recognizable by the immune system allowing them to produce the necessary defense to eradicate it. (Dunkin) By maintaining a healthy immune system the individual lives a better quality of life by keeping issues such as cancers and common colds absent.

Due to the human body functioning as one whole machine the link between gut health and immune health is evident through research findings. In the article, Why Gut Bacteria Are Essential for a Healthy Immune System states: “The immune system is the main link between our gut bacteria and their influence on our health and disease”. All living beings are exposed to bacterias from the moment of conception due to the existence of bacterial matter in the gastrointestinal tract building up immunity before birth. Daily interactions make it inevitable to avoid exposure to matter from the environment, food additives and non-pathogenic microorganisms making it important to establish oral tolerance. The balance of an individual’s gut influences the immune system, allowing a shift to occur if the bacterial flora is unbalanced due to pathogens which can shift the immune system to an inflammatory state affecting other body systems affecting overall health.(Science X Staff) Balance of bacteria is key to remaining a level of homeostasis due to the beneficial factors of some bacteria such as probiotics. “A diverse microbiota is more likely to bounce back from unhealthy fluctuations in diet and withstand outside intruders, and this means a much more tolerant and well-regulated immune system.” (Science X Staff) Overall, the gut harbors many microbes which play a huge role on the health of an individual by maintaining balance of the good and bad microorganisms due to constant exposure individuals come across through daily interactions.

Due to the prevalent link of the gut and the immune system, an individual can be proactive in remaining healthy by taking the necessary vitamins and supplements and composing a diet of foods which posses these beneficial factors. Vitamin C is an essential necessity in maintaining great immune health due to the body’s inability to produce and store it making it a supplement an individual needs to take on a daily basis rather than just when they are sick. (Schend) Vitamin C has the ability to elevate the production white blood cells which is a critical component of fighting infections. Supplements are available over the counter, but the best way to intake this important Vitamin is through nutritional foods such as citrus fruits including grapefruit, oranges and lemons. Aside from popular belief red bell peppers ounce for ounce, contain twice as much vitamin C as citrus.

Another critical element for an optimal functioning immune system is Zinc. The presence of Zinc is important due to its ability to develop and activate T-cells which is a lymphocyte processed by the Thymus gland and actively participates in the immune response. Meat products including beef, chicken and various forms of seafood especially oysters have a high volumes of Zinc but homeopathic lozenges are the best method of ingestion for immediate relief of cold and flu symptoms.

The best way to fight bacteria is with bacteria so the importance of incorporating probiotics in an individuals daily routine can have monumental benefits to boosting one’s immune health. Typically a probiotic is taken in supplement form or can be ingested with foods which have been prepared through bacterial fermentation. (Gunnars) Some foods that will introduce probiotics to the body include yogurts, tempeh, sauerkraut and kimchi. Most recently drinks like Kombucha have been popularized and marketed as a flavorful way to obtain probiotics. Although probiotics can be a little difficult to understand due to the vast amount of species and combinations available, incorporation of this element boosts immune health especially within the GI tract.

Did you like this example?

Immune System and Nutrition. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Early Age of Enlightenment

Everything changed when the early modern period started because this is where every region starting to develop. It led new discoveries and different ideas to take toll in Europe and Russia for example It also started to focus on science, more than religion and types of power shaping their empire. The period began in 1500 and ended at 1800. In this period different changes start to happen for example in Europe they had an Age of Enlightenment, religion, rights, politics, and sometimes there isn’t any changes in Europe like religion, monarchs, and Christianity. Another place where there is change was Russia and it changed people lifestyle, military power, and Europeanization. But sometimes there is no changes like serfdom, trading, and agriculture..

One good example of how the early modern period gave change is Europe. Social changes in europe was when the Europeans took over most of America . The structure changed when the Europeans saw the natives as the lowest people instead of people being equal to each other. Another example where it changed is the Enlightenment, people changed perspective of how they saw themselves as people. This eventually led the low, middle, and the upper class feelings about each other. The Age Of Enlightenment also changed women's equality in Europe. The political changes in Europe was the power of the church slowly decreasing. Which led to more power for the government and the monarchs. The Age Of Enlightenment changed politics to scientific reasoning. The interactions with environment in Europe changes is the black plague. Because the Europeans didn't have some sort of way to eradicate the disease which is why it killed most of Europe's population. But it led the Europeans learn from their mistakes and the disease did not come back. A major interaction with Europe is the Americans by the technology they use to fight which led them to use the same technology. The cultural changes in Europe is the separation of christianity which was Catholic and Protestants. It was by a man named Martin Luther who led the Protestants Reformation which was the cause of it. Another change is the colonist spread Christianity to native people. A change was they go to war with empires and they needed to get food for the lower class. Another change was the lower class made a group where all people will be equal. For example they killed the king and ruled instead of a monarch. This was a big improvement for Europe because they changed the shape of their lifestyle.

But as well Europe doesn’t change in some parts of the era. What didn’t change is the part they had of trading and using native Americans as workers. During the era society has still stayed patriarchal. One of the biggest continuities is Christianity because it still remained the main religion for people. And some people ignored Christianity because they had their own religion. They still used monarchs even though they used a government.

Another good example of how the early modern period helped is Russia. A change is where Ivan The Great challenges Mongols rule and eventually the Russia freed themselves from Mongol rule. This helped shape Russia from what is was when the Mongols took over. Over the years another change for Russia was established which was Ivan The Terrible. He expanded more land, made a law of code, and had won military wars. The biggest change that the early modern period did was changing Russia’s lifestyle. Because when Peter The Great was in reign he Europeanized Russia which increased there economics and military power. Another key factor that helped them was conquering land and expanding their empire. Another great change was technology they had a great navy power. A man named Peter The Great used this in his advantage to win Turkey and Sweden. Another change was Peter The Great taking control over the church. And he abolished patriarch which led he to be a leader. Another change was the organization of people’s wealth were he reduced there land and in return he gave lower class land. He also made connections to different regions like Europe and they were more diverse.

But as well Russia doesn’t change in some ways in the early modern period. What hasn’t changed is the isolation by the trends of the world like weapons until the end of the period they traded. Russia ignores the western side for trading instead they trade with Asia. Their economy hasn’t changed because they are still focused in agriculture. But one of the biggest continuities they still haven’t changed was the use of serfdom. Serfdom began in the post classical era and used through the early modern period. They haven’t changed on there plantation where they still used serfdom with vile conditions. Russia was still mercantilism which means they cannot import goods to people but they can sell imports widely. Another way they didn’t change was they were always going to war waits different people.

In conclusion, the early modern period made remarkable changes to Europe and Russia by changing their way of lifestyle. And the early modern modern period also didn’t change in some aspects in Europe and Russia. These changes led them to different ages in time. This was a especially good age for Russia and Europe then any other era. In Europe this helped them by having a advancement of new ideas such as The Age Of Enlightenment which led different people to go against the church and go with there own moral. And Russia they had different reigns which improved on there successor, led them to expansion in lands, technological advancement, and power to be scared of.

Works Cited

https://www.iss.k12.nc.us/cms/lib4/NC01000579/Centricity/Domain/2863/AP%20-%201450-1750%20-%20Summaries%20of

%20World%20Regions%20and%20Contacts.doc

https://pre-modernera.weebly.com/continuity-and-change.html

https://www.birdvilleschools.net/cms/lib/TX01000797/Centricity/Domain/6027/Russia%20in%20the%20Early%20Modern%20Period.pdf

Did you like this example?

Early Age of Enlightenment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining

Gold is an important and valuable component of life. It possesses qualities that makes it one of the most sought-after metals. It is used to make jewelry and conducts electricity. This allows gold to be used in a wide variety of industries such as: dentistry (fillings, crowns, and bridges), conducting (wires and data transfer), electronics (phones, calculators, and computers), medicine (illness treatment, arthritis medication, and pain relievers), gold leaf creation (building decoration), jewelry (rings and necklaces), aerospace (vehicles, helmets, and UVA/UVB filter), currency (coins and investments). Gold does not tarnish which makes is resistant to solvents. One mined ounce of gold from mined ore has the potential to create 20 tons of solid waste using significant amounts of mercury and cyanide. Gold mining causes the potential of significant environmental impacts to water, soil, air, and habitats because of the numerous amounts of risks and incidents that can take place. The preservationists’ efforts to combat this anthropocentric attack on these lands in Northern Nevada have been ineffective and rejected. Conservation efforts and best managements practices are necessary to combat the negative effects of gold mining to the environment in Northern Nevada to ensure safe access to natural resources long after mine-closure for the future generations yet to come.

Large scale mining, such as the gold mines located in Northern Nevada, cam affect water quality. This mine practices zero discharge of waters that are used in ore processing, but this does not cover the potential spills and leaks that could cause water contamination. This affects waters used by humans and wildlife. For example, the water contamination of gold mines continues to cost taxpayers millions of dollars in reclamation and water-treatment efforts to restore the water back to its original state. The cyanide used in mines for ore production has caused water to become so polluted that the water in the area cannot be used unless it has undergone an extensive water treatment. This is a costly effort to restore the water to its natural and safe state that could be in place forever.

This is an environmental problem worth addressing because gold is a valuable metal for our everyday modern lives. It is a substance that is worth mining but there are certain precautions and practices that must take place in order to do so safely to minimize the impacts it has on local environments. Gold mines are located all over the world. This includes open-pit and underground mines. The people that need to address this issue is the gold mining companies themselves. Best management practices need to be created to resolve this issue from their corporate office down to operators.

Stakeholders in the area need to make their best efforts to hold these companies accountable. In Nevada, specifically stakeholders are majorly composed of the Native Western Shoshone who have not had a great history with the gold mining companies in the area for these mines are located on ancestral Shoshone lands. In 2008, the Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone battled the expansion of an open pit gold mine on Mount Tenabo located in Crescent Valley, Nevada. Mount Tenabo is a sacred location where many traditional Shoshone ceremonies takes place. This gold mine expansion is called the Cortez Hills Expansion Project and is owned and operated by the largest gold mining company in the world, Barrick Gold Corporation. The estimated profit in gold deposits found on and underneath Mount Tenabo is $10 billion. This expansion is near an open pit mine that is already in operation by Barrick. The new mine in Mount Tenabo was projected to disturb ten square miles of land in the heartland of ancestral Western Shoshone lands. This disturbance would include an open pit mine, underground mine, heap leach pads, tailings and pond facilities, waster rock facilities, and hazardous waste sites. This high desert area in Northern Nevada already suffers from a low average rainfall. Mine dewatering would lower the water table in the area 1,600 feet. This affects the natural water seeps, springs, and ponds in the area that wildlife, farmers, and ranchers rely on.

There have been many preservation efforts of Mount Tenabo that have been supported and backed by the 1863 Treaty of Ruby Valley also known as the Treaty of Ruby Valley or Treaty of Peace and Friendship. However, this treaty has not been helpful in efforts to stop this expansion. This treaty acknowledges the land to be in ownership of the Western Shoshone. In Article 4 of the Treaty of Ruby Valley, it states the permission of gold prospecting on Western Shoshone lands. In the 1800s, mining was known to be very small scale and involved little excavation and disturbance of land. The Western Shoshones’ efforts have ben declined by the U.S. Supreme Court and have ruled in favor of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and Barrick Gold Corporation in a 1985 lawsuit regardless of the transition of mining efforts from being small-scale to large-scale.

Mary and Carrie Dann are Western Shoshone sisters who are known for their actions against Barrick Gold Corporation’s expansions. They have worked to promote the rights and fought against attacks from the BLM. Carrie Dann stated, “We’re powerless against a mighty gold company like [Barrick].”. Is disheartening that such a large company can have so much power and manipulation over the U.S. Supreme Court and the BLM to support these hazardous extractions. Her statement reminds me of an article written by William R. Hoyt titled “Zen Buddhism and Western Alienation from Nature. In his article, Hoyt states, “…numerous people in the West, particularly in our enormous cities, no longer feel at home in their physical environment; they sense an alienation from nature.” These environmental impacts will forever impact Western Shoshone lands and no matter how many promises and treaties have been made, history has shown there is no way to stop it. The people feel powerless in their own home. These organizations do not have a biocentric value on the land as the Western Shoshone people, the Dann Sisters, or I myself have. We are the ones who have been here before the extractions took place, we have been here during, and our people will (hopefully) remain here long after. We are the ones that will face the consequences of contaminated soil, air, and water.

The other main actors who become affected by gold mining are the stakeholders who live in the area. This problem affects all who have lived, live, and future generations that will live in the geographical area of the watershed(s) that is affected by water pollution from the mine. Since then, Barrick has committed to readdress the significant environmental impacts of their different process locations every two years. The company has its own methods to determine which environmental issues need to be addressed most of a specific process compared to others. Regardless of one being the designated environmental commitments, all the other significant environmental impacts are still protected with best management practices. Barrick strives to only use the amount of water that it needs. If Barrick and other gold mining companies in the area only take what they need it still affects the water quantity of rivers, lakes, and streams in the Humboldt River watershed. The company states that they know it will impact their relationships with their stakeholders in a negative way if they do not uphold their commitments to improve water quality and water quantity. If they do not uphold these values, they could potentially face a new lawsuit.

Barrick also commits to reusing and recycling water they have already used in their process locations compared to withdrawing more fresh water from surrounding watersheds. In 2017, they released data that 77 percent of the water used was recycled. To maintain water quality, by installing water quality monitors in all their mines across the globe. Some of their mines but not all, are committed to being zero-discharge facilities. This means that any water used in ore processing cannot and will not be released back into the freshwater systems. In the facilities that are discharge facilities, the water undergoes extensive water-treatment and must follow strict regulations before being released. The water must meet every expectation in the company’s water permits.

A viewpoint that could have been the historic cause for this type of extraction of earth’s precious resources are the Judeo-Christian values and viewpoints. Are earth’s natural resources created solely for man for our own use or it is a part of nature? Would gold have a significance if it were not for man who extracts it from the earth and makes it valuable? These Judeo-Christian viewpoints have led to an anthropocentric view against nature. As Lynn White Jr. writes about in his article “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis”, humans are prioritized over nature. Without people to think that something was of value, it would not have value. Our failure to address the roots of why we now suffer from this environmental issue will lead to zero progression in creating a new intrinsic value for nature. Judeo-Christian views that God made everything to benefit the creation of man. People who value this viewpoint today would most likely think that they were not using their resources to their fullest potential as opposed to a biocentric point of view.

A conservationist viewpoint would be that of the mining companies themselves. They believe that they can conserve natural resources by seeking proper use of the area. Some stakeholders in the area may also share this viewpoint for the sake of economic benefit. This viewpoint correlated with the viewpoint of Gifford Pinchot who believed in conservation. He worked to familiarize the United States with the conservationist idea that income could be generated if natural resources were handled correctly and wisely.

Conservationists’ ideas challenge the preservationist viewpoints of the Western Shoshone. This viewpoint correlates with the viewpoints of John Muir, a conservationist. Muir believed in conserving the wilderness and fully protecting it from human impact. The Western Shoshone, as John Muir, believed that conservationists were intruders. The Western Shoshone wanted full protection of Mount Tenabo and all ancestral Western Shoshone lands. If a preservationist view was used to address this issue then there would be full protection of the Cortez Hills that had sacred locations, burial sites, ceremonial grounds, and grounds that contained many pine nut trees they would harvest from every year. This tribe no longer has access to this land. If a preservationist point of view was administered in this area, these lands would be protected because of these reasons. Human impact to this area would be eliminated. Most Native American tribes have always viewed nature and all beings as equal. Non-indigenous people in the area should take into consideration the long-time traditions of caring for the lands that they have taken from Indigenous People for when these mines close the Indigenous People will remain here. Our future generations will reap the consequences of water quantity and water quality issues for years to come if not forever.

The ethical stance that I endorse is better than the root cause ethical stances because it will leave the land sustainable for years to come. The underlying problem with this is that the damage has been done. The gold has been extracted, the water, air, and soil have been polluted. Yes, the mining companies do what they can to prevent these incidents, but they still occur. And when they do, sometimes their only requirement is minimal clean-up (if required), and reporting to state offices. Those state offices require a report but if a company falls out of compliance all they must do is pay a fine. This does nothing for the local citizens who will continue to live in this land for years to come. This does nothing for the water that will need to undergo extensive treatment before being released back into our water systems. Another issue is what will such a large discharge cause to our water systems and how long will it take for it to return to its natural state if it ever will? The citizens in the area cannot be left with the responsibility of restoration after mine-closure. Whether we like it or not, we have had our land taken away, been faced with environmental degradation, and we are now reliant on these companies to clean up these areas.

We must address this issue on letting go of the past and holding this company accountable to full land release and restoration. In 2008, there was a Collaborative Agreement made with the company. Barrick sought to restore the relationship it had with the Western Shoshone. Native Americans have been given certain rights and the company has made commitments to the Native Americans. Some people view this as a sell-out. Some see it as moving forward. As a young, educated Western Shoshone and local to the area, I see this as an act of progression. We can combat further environmental degradation by educating ourselves to the history, policy, law, and current practices that relate to gold mining in Northern Nevada.

I have taken advantage of the resources Barrick has provided to Western Shoshone members in the area. Yes, I could sit aside and agree that it is a sell-out, but I have chosen not to. I personally have taken advantage of the many scholarship and internships opportunities my entire undergraduate career. I have chosen to obtain my bachelor’s in environmental science. I have worked in their Environmental Departments focusing on air permitting, water permitting, wildlife and hazardous waste management, soil sampling, water sampling, dewatering issues, and many more. I have done and do my best to move forward with Barrick in a positive way. I learn about the methods of proper gold extraction and what we can do to further prevent environmental degradation and how to properly restore and rehabilitate lands. I want to gain the trust of my people and have them know that my work is solely dedicated to the healing of our ancestral lands.

This past summer I worked on water sampling of a specific well in the area. The company monitors hundreds of seeps and springs in the area (on and off mine lands). The company commits to monitor these and restore water supply and retain water quality in the area so mine dewatering does not affect nor pollute these waters used for wildlife or farmers. I worked to restore water supply to this well named “27-37-44-32” that had a decrease in water discharge and water quality due to being so close to dewatering areas of the open pit. I worked with a contractor to get all required permits to have a new well drilled to an appropriate depth and have solar pumping equipment installed. Water was restored to this spring. This may seem like a small job to some but to me it was huge. Wildlife in the area are reliant on this well and had to go elsewhere for water. Now, they no longer must. Another thing I commit myself to is educating fellow employees of this company. I am in a field where there are not many. I take it upon myself to inform people who are not from the area of the cultural significance to my people. When I can form a professional relationship with them, they respect and listen to what I have to say. If I can instill any appreciation into them for the lands, then I will do so any chance I get.

In modern society, gold mining has become a necessity to the way we live our lives. Historic events have proved that anthropocentric and Judeo-Christian views on nature have led to environmental degradation in many different locations across the world. Northern Nevada has been faced with years and years of gold mining exploitation and the environmental consequences that come with. Preservationists and stakeholders who place a biocentric value on nature have tried to combat the extraction of gold to save the environment from poisoning and contamination. Upon having their positive advances decline by major organizations, corporations, and our very own government, stakeholders have been defeated. Western Shoshone have no choice but to conform their preservationists’ efforts to conservationists’ efforts. Western Shoshone will not give up the fight for environmental protection for their lands, but they have learned they can not win against the largest mining company in the world. Therefore, we must educate ourselves and others on what we can do to further prevent degradation.

Did you like this example?

Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Contemporary Oral Traditions

One of the most significant contributors to music in the US is the minority group that the US has attempted to erase from history, Native Americans. Throughout US history, Native Americans have been oppressed due to colonization. Missionization in California attempted to civilize Indigenous people through the teachings of Christianity but resulted in the death of many. In 1907 in an effort to preserve Native music, the US government commissioned ethnologists to record Native musicians, convinced their culture would not survive. The late 19th century further brought oppression through boarding schools, which stole Native children from reservations and taught them European subject matters. Music is culture and is woven into the daily lives of Indigenous communities. Songs are a form of oral tradition passed down through generations and serve to tell a story. By adopting and adapting Western culture, Native artists have defied US attempts of erasure by influencing US music genres, proving that they are still here, still alive, and still singing.

Post WWI, the segregated United States saw the birth of new musical genres and styles from the rich heritage of musical traditions of various cultures, including Native American artists Charley Patton and Mildred Bailey (Fiero 107). Charley Patton, of Choctaw ancestry, from the Mississippi Delta is credited with being the father of Delta Blues – country blues from the Mississippi Delta. This region of the US is known for their history as slave states, as such the Native Americans who were “black passing” attempted to avoid being sent to reservations by assimilating into African American culture. This mixture of Indigenous culture and African American culture is what creates new composition.

Charley Patton was known to sing guttural blues and to play his guitar like a drum as drums were banned in the US. Music was seen as dangerous and drums could communicate secret messages over large distances (Rumble). Patton’s song rhythms were the same as those of traditional Native songs, which he introduced into blues. Native songs not only inspired Charley Patton but Mildred Bailey as well. Despite her Coeur D’Alene ancestry, Bailey was perceived as a white jazz improvisor, though she did not hide her Indigeneity. She was inspired by traditional songs she grew up hearing on the reservation, using stretched and condensed notes in her singing similar to notes found in Native American songs (Berglund “American Indian Jazz”). “Swing” music was considered a new style and variation on rhythm and Bailey was considered the Mrs. Swing of “swing style” jazz who inspired artists like Frank Sinatra, Billie Holiday, and more. By adapting and making her own style out of European culture, Bailey’s “swing” impacted Western music through the adoption of improvisation.

Native songs and stories are learned generation to generation by word of mouth, meaning each time the song or story is performed, it may be adapted and changed depending on who is doing the storytelling. When the US government attempted to silence Native Americans and wipe away their culture, Native artists defied white suppression. During the time of segregation and the Ku Klux Klan, it was dangerous to be a person of color or a Native American in the US, it was something to hide. The 1950’s were a time of change as the Civil Rights Movement was taking place. Link Wray was a Shawnee guitar artist who exemplified the disruption and change that was happening in his song “Rumble”. Out of pain, and a history of hardship due to his Shawnee heritage, Link Wray took his frustration and turned it into creativity and defiance. Father of the power-chord, Link Wray distorted electric guitar sounds by poking holes into amplifier speakers and has inspired rock, metal, grunge, punk and grunge. His song “Rumble” was banned out of fear that it would cause violence amongst teenage gangs (Rumble). The efforts of the US government to control what the public listened to was censorship.

The power of storytelling lies in its ability to raise awareness, inform, and bring people together; Native artists advocated through songs, which told a story that was forgotten. Buffy Sainte-Marie was an activist for the Indigenous people as a Cree woman herself, who wanted to spread the message of the struggle and oppression that the Native Americans experienced. As a folk artist, Buffy told the story of the day, and the realities of Indigenous people. She represented the voices of the people being oppressed and silenced by creating a call to action in her songs against colonization (Rumble).

There was no recognition of injustices, treaty violations, or land seizures by the US due to government silencing, which lead to artists such as Buffy being blacklisted. To raise public awareness in the 1970’s the rock band Redbone, called such due to the groups multiracial cultures, performed in Native regalia and told a story otherwise not being told in the US. Redbone’s “Come and Get Your Love” is heard in the intro of Guardians of the Galaxy and proves the ability of popular music to reach mainstream media, allowing the Native American narrative to reach large audiences (Berglund “We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee”). The later “We Were All Wounded at Wounded Knee” was banned in the US for recounting the events of the Wounded Knee massacre, which tells the story of a history not being shared.

Music serves as a message of survival and hope, not of blame. Native artists have greatly influenced US music culture by adapting Western instruments and language and creating something new, inspired by their identity. Native American music and songs tells a story of the ancestors and of traditional Indigenous culture. Culture is not static, but every changing and evolving. Music is a sharing ground of cultures; sounds, rhythm, and beat come from multiracial backgrounds and cultures but comes together to express emotions and feelings, which are universal. Music should not be silenced, just as history should not be forgotten. By sharing our stories and those of our ancestors, we are better able to understand one another and come together.

Did you like this example?

Contemporary Oral Traditions. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

AccorHotels and the Digital Transformation

Digital disruption is a change when new technologies and models affect the existing products or services value and could be more challenging. If any organization has an attitude like 'wait and see' then they are risking getting behind in the market (Hill, 2017). In today's digital era, organizations need to create strategies to overcome the challenges in order to stay competitive. The challenges that most organizations face are as follows (Tiersky, 2017):

Resistance to change, that makes organizations behind their digital competitors
No clear vision for digital customer journey
Ineffective ways of collecting and using customer data
Using inflexible technology stack and development processes
Tied to the legacy model of business

AccorHotels uses offline marketing activities. As a senior executive, planning to integrate an online digital presence, I will make sure the above challenges addressed appropriately. Empowering consumers is the key to business success.

Similarly, the transformation of information access like prices, destinations, alternative ways of accommodation and user reviews to consumers is also key to the success of the organization. As a first step, understand the classification of online content, what content creates value and what does not (Dubois et al., 2016). Looking at the various stages, a consumer navigates come up with the list of what is adequate for most of them. Then align the organization teams to embrace the change and integrate into their day to day work (Dubois et al., 2016). Introduce digital intelligence to listen to what consumers have to say and focus on the collected content to bring most of the ROI and business operations (Dubois, 2017). Foster digital content production and dissemination into all the platforms across the organization.

Design Changes:

AccorHotels has a diverse group of operations ranging from 4000 hotels in 95 countries and from luxury to budget, and the design for digital transformation has to identify various types of online content so that the digital solution provides consumers with easy journey in the various stages like right places to visit, stay and have good experience about their stay (Dubois, 2017). Designing and developing a social media listening (SML), an alerting system that alerts organization on other conversation across different social media sites and carefully reviewing the customer's feedback on comments, compliments and complaints will provide with much information in the further improving the digital operations.

Leveraging the content:

The collection of information via customer reviews from various subsets of social media widely shared across organization functions like strategy, marketing, HR and finance. The information could be used to improve the operational services, provide better hospitality and provide with deals and incentives.

Roles needed:

AccorHotels has to create a dedicated team of members to gather and segregate the information into various categories on customer reviews about their stay in their hotels and general review discussions about other hotels from the designed system which search through all the major social media sites and blogs. Also, a dedicated to generating good conveying images, photos etc. about the customer's destinations and choices and share them across organization functions and engage and encourage them in their day to day duties. Finally, a dedicated to monitoring the content changes accordingly to the customer's needs and tastes through an internally developed alerting system.

Aspects to maximize value creation through digital and social media:

According to (Akter et al., 2016), the aspects to maximize value creation for an organization through digital and social media were as follows:

Customer Engagement: engaging customers in promoting brand and customer service representative activities for donating to a national cause

Improving services: Improve existing services based on customer inputs and feedback

Crisis Management: Take seriously on the customer complaints and strategize proactively to take necessary actions before they become widespread problems

Social media has proven to be the perfect field to showcase new products or to get customer feedback from existing or newly launched products. When the information gathered from social media is used to brew meaningful insights and develop actionable strategies, organizations could generate excellent business value.

References:

Hill, J. (2017). Leading Through Digital Disruption. [online] Gartner.com. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/imagesrv/books/digital-disruption/pdf/digital_disruption_ebook.pdf [Accessed 31 Jan. 2019].

Tiersky, H. (2017). 5 top challenges to digital transformation in the enterprise. [online] CIO. Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/3179607/e-commerce/5-top-challenges-to-digital-transformation-in-the-enterprise.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2019].

Dubois, D., Chae, Y., Niessing, J. and Wee, J. (2016). AccordHotels and the Digital Transformation. [online] Services.hbsp.harvard.edu. Available at: https://services.hbsp.harvard.edu/api/courses/411589/items/IN1251-PDF-ENG/sclinks/84623b42e28bbcb7e4fff0364cf7f692 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2019].

Dubois, D. (2017). Lessons in Digital Transformation from the Hotel Industry. [online] INSEAD Knowledge. Available at: https://knowledge.insead.edu/marketing/lessons-in-digital-transformation-from-the-hotel-industry-5123 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2019].

Akter, S., Bhattacharyya, M., Wamba, S. and Aditya, S. (2016). How does Social Media Analytics Create Value?. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 28(3), pp.1-9.

Did you like this example?

AccorHotels and the Digital Transformation. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Employment in India

Unemployment happens when a character who is actively searching for employment is unable to locate work. In this research, I will discuss unemployment in India, but first I will discuss unemployment in three different countries: South Africa, Qatar, and turkey

To begin with, South Africa's Unemployment Rate increased to 29.10 % in Sep 2019, from the previously reported number of 29.00 % in Jun 2019. South Africa's Unemployment Rate is updated quarterly, available from Mar 2008 to Sep 2019, with an average rate of 25.20 %. The data reached an all-time high of 29.10 % in Sep 2019 21.50 % The data is reported by Statistics South Africa. (CEIC, N.D)

On the other hand, the Unemployment Rate in Qatar remained unchanged at 0.10 percent in the second quarter of 2019 from 0.10 percent in the first quarter of 2019. (trending economics, 2020)

Turkey's Unemployment Rate dropped to 13.20 % in Nov 2019, from the previously reported number of 13.50 % in Oct 2019. Turkey's Unemployment Rate is updated monthly, available from Jan 2005 to Nov 2019, with an average rate of 9.90 %. The data reached an all-time high of 14.20 % in Jul 2019 and a record low of 8.00 % in Jun 2012. The data is reported by the Turkish Statistical Institute. (CIEC, n.d)

Out of all these countries I chose to research unemployment in India as I think that it is worth discussion and attention because I mostly see many people from India coming to Oman to work which means that there are not enough jobs in their country. According to data from the country's National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), there are 662,360 Indian workers in the country, making it the largest ex-pat community in Oman. Of them, 48,223 are women and 614,137 are men. (Times News Service, 2019)

Causes

Caste System: In India the caste system is prevalent. The work is prohibited for specific castes in some areas. In many cases, the work is not given to the deserving candidates but given to the person belonging to a particular community. So this gives rise to unemployment. (Mehta, n.d)

A constant increase in population.

Agriculture is underdeveloped in India. It provides seasonal employment. A large part of the population is dependent on agriculture. But agriculture being seasonal provides work for a few months. So this gives rise to unemployment. (Mehta, n.d)

Slow economic growth: Because the Indian economy is relatively underdeveloped, economic growth is considerably slower than it might otherwise be. This means that as the population increases, the economy cannot keep up with demands for employment and an increasing share of people are unable to find work. The result is insufficient levels of employment nationwide (Agarwal, 2020).

Job outsourcing. That is when a company moves its manufacturing or call centers to another country. Labor costs are cheaper in countries with a lower cost of living. (Amadeo, 2019)

Effects/consequences

The main effect of unemployment is that It hindered national unity. The caste system, which is one of the causes of unemployment developed a parochial feeling and made the people unduly conscious of their castes. Many a time caste interests were given priority over national interest. Thus the whole system stood against the very concept of national unity (Nisha, n.d).

unemployment tends to increase population growth. The main factor in this is a tendency for groups with lower education to have higher birth rates. On the flip side,rapid population growth causes unemployment to rise because there are more and more people and not enough jobs to be filled by everyone. (EMMERICH, n.d)

Another effect of unemployment, Young people after a long time of unemployment find the wrong way to earn money or they may accept alcohol or drugs To get rid of the unemployment stress. (VISWANATHAN, 2016)

Solutions

1. Make a limit for the population growth

2. Reduce expenditure on non-productive government schemes and use such money for long term creation of assets for country. (Singh, 2016)

3. Improve the quality of the education.

CONCLUSION

This research made it clear to me that unemployment is a serious problem in India. It might expand to future generations if the government and the private sector don’t intervene. It is clear that the Caste System, increase in population and depending on agriculture are the main causes of unemployment in India. Carrying out this research made me understand that has led to hindered national unity, population growth and finding the wrong way to earn money are all the effects of unemployment. My eyes were finally opened to the truth that how Indians are suffering to get jobs.

Did you like this example?

Employment In India. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Alkaline Phosphatase in Biochemistry Experiment

Biochemistry is used to show the chemical processes that occur in living organisms. In most biochemistry laboratories, researchers dedicated to the study of chemical processes and biological macromolecules. In the lab, many laboratory techniques have been used to isolate, quantitate, measured ammonium salt fractionation and many other fundamental techniques that are used in the laboratory. This paper will display the results of protein purification, isolation, quantitate, and measure the enzymatic parameters of E.coli bacteria Alkaline Phosphatase by using the common biochemistry laboratory techniques. The procedures that are used in this experiment are column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractions, heat denaturation, and spectrophotometer. During the quantification processes, the concentration of the proteins of alkaline phosphatase needs to be quantified. Four samples were taken and used for the Bradford Protein Assay.

After completion of the isolated and quantification sample of alkaline phosphatase, it was successfully achieved. The samples were placed in a 96-well plate to measure the absorbance of the enzymatic activity. Overall, the purpose of this experiment is to isolate, quantitate and measure the enzymatic parameters of E.coli AP.

Introduction

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) control in E. coli is based on the environmental control and function. The bacteria, E. coli in which it is expressed in alkaline phosphatase hydrolyzes phosphate monoesters in the high pH environment of the periplasmic space. The periplasmic space is between the inner impermeable membrane and the porous outer membrane to provide the cell with inorganic phosphate. This reaction below is the hydrolyzes phosphate monoesters:

R-O-PO3H- + H2O à R-OH + H2PO4-

Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) is an enzyme that is widely spread in multiple organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The physiological feature in the enzyme is that E. coli cleaves to the phosphoryl groups by inorganic phosphate (Pi) which is found in the periplasmic space. The levels in the Alkaline phosphatase are normally low in wild-type E. coli grown in phosphatase rich media, but expression will increase if the cells are grown in phosphate depleted media. The characteristics of E. coli Alkaline Phosphatase is expressed highly in pH > 7.0. E. coli AP is a heat stable homodimer enzyme that has a molecular weight of 86,000 and contains two Zn2+ atoms per dimer. E. coli AP has a pI of 4.5 and maximal activity at pH 8.0.

In this experiment, we used E.coli K-12 mutant AP which is highly expressed and constitutively expressed under all growth conditions. K -12 mutant is the control of phosphatase production is defective. In this experiment, this isolation and purification of E. coli alkaline phosphatase went through a series of steps such as dialysis, salting out, Ion Exchange Column (IEC), and Sigma Fast BCIP. Buffers and reagents played a major role in isolating AP. It is very important that the treatment of E. coli with lysozyme weakens the peptidoglycan in the cell wall which made the outer membrane susceptible to osmotic shock which releases proteins in the periplasmic space without the release of cytoplasmic proteins. However, the EDTA is bound to the periplasmic membrane and has a positive charge ion. EDTA buffer wants to find Ca2+ in the cell wall which can cause the cell wall to become weaker. It is important that EDTA binds to calcium but not to Zinc. If this happens it can cause the cell wall to destroy. In the gram-negative cell, the lysosomes are used to break down the cell wall by hydrolyzing it. MgSO4 is used as a buffer in the bacteria.

The Dialysis plays an important role in AP because it allows the molecules in the solution to separated and the water will move from a highly concentrated area to a low concentrated area. The beaker was filled with buffer and the dialysis bag is placed in the beaker so that the AP can transfer the salts and ions out of the bag. Dialysis process allowed to keep high molecular weight impurities come out in a high concentration to low based on size. The salting out procedure is based on the use of Ammonium sulfate that was added to the protein which isolated the solution. Ammonium sulfate precipice AP proteins. The heat denaturation process was used to further purify the AP. The water bath allows the proteins to denature and which is why ammonium sulfate was added.

The separation of proteins for E.coli is used by the technique Ion exchange column. This technique was used to separate the proteins and examine the charges and structures of the different proteins present using Buffer A and Buffer B. During this procedure the compounds will display positive and negative charges which are caused by the pH change. The proteins are ae applied to the column that allowed the decrease of ionic strength buffer at pH above the isoelectric point of the protein. The proteins can be eluted with a buffer containing a higher concentration of ions. The sampled would be collected and used for elution. BSA was used for quantification of the proteins. A spot test was done to determine how much AP enzyme was present in all stages. Smalls fragments of AP was placed on a parafilm sheet and test. Sigma Fast BCIP was used to place in the small fragment and the enzyme will turn blue which indicated that AP is present.

Lastly, during AP isolation Bradford Method was used to perform an extracted sample of Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and Stage 4 Enzyme. Bradford is used as a color indicator, and the dye will bind to the protein and the color will begin to change in the 96 well plate. The colors will vary between brown and blue color. Adding Bradford allowed the proteins to bind. The 96 well plate is placed in a spectrometer to calculate the concentration of the proteins present. The numbers that were given after will be used to plot the absorbance trend line and bar graph of the results.

Material and Methods

Alkaline Phosphatase Day One:

Alkaline Phosphatase was isolated from E. Coli K-12 by adding Lysozyme (breaks down the cell wall), DNase(Breaks down present DNA after the cell wall is broken), EDTA(positively charged ion that wants to bind to Ca2+ and Mg 2+), and MgSO4 ( acts as a buffer). Dialysis tube is cut and soaked in a beaker during incubation. After centrifugation, all the reagents were transferred into a dialysis tubing in a beaker with dialysis buffer and was replaced twice.

Alkaline Phosphatase Day Two:

Alkaline Phosphatase was measured from E. Coli K-12 by obtaining the Stage 1 Enzyme and measured the volume (Stage 1 Enzyme decant) After centrifugation, heat denaturation (denature unwanted proteins and make AP heat stable) is next by placing the tube in the water bath. Stage 2 Enzyme is decanting and measured. Enzyme assay is being removed from Stage 2 Enzyme. Ammonium sulfate (salting out, solubility ) is added for Stage 2 Enzyme. After the second centrifugation, Tris HCl is added and MgSO4. The enzyme is transferred into a new dialysis tube submerged in a beaker with fresh dialysis buffer and replaced twice.

Alkaline Phosphatase Day Three:

Alkaline Phosphatase was quantified from E. coli K-12 by retrieving Stage 3 Enzyme and measured the volume. Enzyme assay is removed and placed in an Eppendorf tube. A chromatography column is (separate the charges) with DEAE bed, ten tubes are used for the chromatography column. Stage 3 enzyme is added to the column with buffer A. Buffer A( eluted out of the column)and Buffer B (eluted enzyme from the column). Repeated five times. A spot test (to test to see if any proteins are present in all stages). Parafilm is used to place the small fragments on. Sigma Fast BCIP (will show the AP)is added to each fragment (including column, and subsequent fractions). Highest AP present is used and measured for Stage 4 Enzyme. All stages are needed to be quantified. All stages are placed in the 96 well plate twice, and BSA(proteins show the concentration that needs to be quantified. Bradford Assay (Bind to the proteins, color indicator) is added to each stage. Absorbance is measured with the spectrophotometer. Plot the average for the standard curve to determine the protein.

Results

Figure 2. Protein quantification using BSA Standard. A) The table shows values of volume and concentration of BSA to obtain absorbance at 595 nm. B) The line graph shows the Absorbance at 595nm vs BSA concentration to obtain trendline.

Figure 3. Protein concentration determined by using BSA Standard. A) The table displays values of the protein, volume, and total protein concentration. B) Bar graph displays protein quantification of the four stages based on Protein concentration. C) Bar graph showing total protein concentration in each isolation AP stages.

Alkaline Phosphatase went through a series of steps such as isolation, quantification, separation and enzyme kinetic which the following data shows was collected. For the isolation of alkaline phosphatase, the volumes were different after going through before and after stages of dialysis. The table displays the different measured volumes of before and after the process of dialysis for each stage. Secondly, the heat degeneration is 66.29ml that was measured after the process. The spot test has dark blue in 15 through 18. For the quantification of alkaline phosphatase, the absorbance for each concentration varies: 0.083 and 0.084 is absorbance based on 595 nm of wavelength. The average of absorbances are added together for BSA with a concentration of zero is 0.083+0.084= 0.0835. This will be done of BSA volume: 5ml with a concentration of 20ml absorbance at 595nm of 0.094+0.90=0.092. This will continue until the last volume and concentration. The graph has resulted in concentration vs absorbance at 595 nm with a Y-intercept f y=0.0009x and R^2- 0.0308. The protein quantification is measured based on the numbers from the chart. The protein quantification is also determined by the use of BSA. The four stages absorbances are added together.

Discussion

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate, quantitate, and measure an enzymatic parameter of E.coli Alkaline Phosphatase using the basics of biochemistry laboratory techniques. Based on the results, we were not able to know because we are not sure which in specially for AP. It was imperative that we isolated AP successfully. We went through a series of purification methods while completing this experiment. Heat denaturation, Ammonium sulfate fractionation, Ion exchange chromatography, and spectrophotometry were used to help the purification process. One technique that was important to grasp the concept of was salting in and out. Salting out it was one of the techniques we did for heat denaturation which allowed the AP to become resistant to heat. Overall, the techniques were mastered, and it was well important to understand while completing this experiment.

In figure 1 results are shown that isolation of AP from E.coli K12. Figure 1. A is a table that shows the actual value of each step during the dialysis step and heat denaturation step. Also shows the volume that was recorded during each measured volume. Figure 1.B is a spot test results is an indication of protein that tested to examine if any proteins were present in all the stages. In figure 2 results are shown the protein quantification using BSA standard. Figure 2.A above is given the values of the absorbance that was used based on the spectrophotometer. In each 96-well plate, BSA concentration was pipetted into each as followed: 0 ul, 20ul, 40ul, 60ul,80ul, 100ul, and 200ul. The average of the absorbance is added based on all stages. Figure 2.B a trendline of the absorbance vs BSA. The concentration of the enzyme is showing a slope at low concentration. The numbers that were used in the table and plotted accordingly. The graph represents how well the quantification method concentrated in AP. Figure 3.A. protein concentration is used by determining BSA Standard based on all four stages using 2ul of concentration. The corrected Abs, Protein, Volume and total protein were calculated to get the protein concentration of all stages. Figure 3.B is results are that the concentration of the protein concentration decreased during Stage 2 and Stage 3, but increase slightly in Stage 4. This may be due to incorrect pipetting which caused the St. 4 to be slightly higher in concentration. Figure 3.C shows the total protein that is in all stages. St. 3 was slightly low which is a good indication that about less 0 of protein was still available after isolation and quantification. Bradford Assay(not shown)was used in this experiment as an indicator for the stage enzymes. It allowed users to examine the absorbance. The BSA was added to show the protein concentration, and quantifying this stage it allowed us to see how much was quantified and how much protein is available.

Other Alternative isolation strategies that can be used is to get similar results using a different salt concentration to isolate E.coli protein or Western blot. Using a different salt can get a better salting out method, and allow the ionic strength substance to increase and the high concentration of salt solubility of the AP will drop. Western blot can be used during the separation technique which will separate the proteins an identify AP. The AP proteins will be separated by molecular weight and results are placed onto a membrane producing bands for each of the protein that is present. In AP proteins it will only be visible in proteins.

Overall the experiment was interesting and I learned different techniques on how to isolate AP from E.coli. I also learned how to correctly used the micropipettes, and used them throughout the lab. During this experiment, we were taught how to make a buffer for the dialysis bag. The purpose of this lab was to isolate, quantity, and measure Alkaline Phosphatase from E. Coli

Did you like this example?

Alkaline Phosphatase in Biochemistry Experiment. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Gender Equality in the Workplace

Many have tried to conceptualize the intersectionality between class, gender and the racial relations of inequality in the workplace, and although women have made great strides in the workplace in recent years we find that inequality continue to persist. According to a PEW Research, about four-in-ten working-women (42%) in the United States say they have faced discrimination on the job because of their gender. They report a broad array of personal experiences, ranging from earning less than male counterparts for doing the same job to being passed over for important assignments (PEW Research Center, 2017). Much of the discrimination felt by women have not only been in the social aspect, but in the professional aspect as well as stated by PEW .

Considerable portions of the miss conception stem from the thought that women were the ones to take care of the children and the home, while men were the breadwinners in the family. Women often take inferior compensating jobs as a tradeoff for flexible hours and often-spending lower working hours per week at their jobs than their male counterparts do. For the reason that women are linked to be the primary care givers in the home, they tend to kept lower paying occupations that are more flexible, allowing them to care for their family yet still retain an income earner to their homes. However, with the ever-changing times we find that parental roles have shifted dramatically. Fathers are now sharing the responsibilities of child care, which is allowing more and more women to pursue careers.

According to statistics from the Department of Labor of the United States of the “123 million women age 16 years and over, 58.6 percent or 72 million were labor force participants. In the end, women are projected to account for 51 percent of the increase in total labor force growth between 2008 and 2018” (U.S Department of Labor, 2010). For same reasons, gender inequality is an elusive subject, it has become frustrating to pin-point specific causes when developing theories. However, before we can begin to analyze this subject further we need to incorporate men in to the theoretical framework and how workplaces need to acclimate to people as a whole let it be men or a woman. We need to discuss the changing climate of the workforce and differential in treatment between male and female, diversity management in the workplace, and pay differentials between males and females.

Gender inequality within organizations can be viewed as a complex and elusive phenomenon. It is important to realize that much of gender discrimination comes from organizational practices stemming from the hiring process and human resources. Many of the policies in place affect the ability for hired, training, pay and the promotion prospects of women. Under set circumstances, human resource policies are inherently predisposition to exclude certain groups specifically women, despite their education, skills, performance or abilities to conduct the job. “For instance, if women are under-represented in a particular educational program or a particular job type and those credentials or previous job experience are required to be considered for selection, women are being systematically, albeit perhaps not intentionally, discriminated against. In another example, there is gender discrimination if a test is used in the selection battery for which greater gender differences emerge, than those that emerge for job performance ratings.

Thus, institutional discrimination can be present within various aspects of HR selection policy, and can negatively affect women’s work outcomes” (Hing, 2015). When trying to conceptualize the outcome of organizational Structures, processes, and practices on HR policy, the focus is on the link between institutional discrimination in organizational structures, processes, and practices that can lead to personal discrimination in HR practices (Appendix B). We see that organizational structures, processes, and practices are interconnected and may contribute to discrimination. Consequently, gender inequalities within elements, creates a self-reinforcing system that can propagate organizational discrimination leading to discrimination in HR policies, decision-making, and enforcement. In the diagram, it can also be seen that these relations between gender inequalities in the structures, processes, and practices and discrimination in HR practices can be multi-directional (Appendix B).

A good example of a systematic structure that reduces discrimination can be seen in the military. “The military gives us a good example of how to eliminate bias from the decision-making process as a whole, Human resources demands a consistent method for rating, ranking and qualifying talent. This kind of system would democratize employment by exposing any management bias and differential treatment between male and females in the workforce.” (McKinsey Global Institute., n.d.) Overall, the progress made within the workplace climate and differential in treatment between male and female cannot be undermined. However, undoubtedly there is a need for more changes to take effect to reduce the gap between genders.

Equally important when talking about inequality in the workplace we need to discuss the importance of diversity management. Unquestionably, the rapid growth of immigration and globalization in the workforce, has impacted the demographics at a fast-changing rate which leads to the importance of organizations to grasp the concept of strategically dealing with diversity. This topic deals not only with equal employment opportunities also known as color blindness, or fairness to ensure equal and fair treatment of minority groups but with reduction social inequalities in the workplace. Although the status quo for gender diversity is fascinating, progress towards equality is very slow, nonetheless, under this growth we find that the influence of Hispanic women in the workplace is one of the fastest growing in the U.S labor force.

According to Catalyst, between 1990 to 2001 the total employment of Latinas increased by 76 percent and is expected to increase a further 37 percent in the near future. (Catalyst, 2003) As we interpret these statistics we still see the impact of disparity in diversity in corporate America showing that “the percentage of corporate officers who were Latinas in the Fortune 500 was a miniscule 0.24% in 2002, up very slightly from their representation in 1999 – 21% (Catalyst, 2003) it is important to realize, that inequalities may also vary within groups due to educational level. The above examples show us that Latino women are making their presence known in the workforce, but on the other hand we see that their representation within high executive level jobs that growth is insignificant compare to their male counterparts.

Contribution by this minority group emphasizes the importance of modifying the inequality of gender diversity within economic world. Generally speaking economies would tend to have more to gain than to lose by hiring a diverse group of men and women, the multifaceted element that women bring to the workplace would balance individual and work life. Ultimately, further changes would need to be address by government in their policy making to truly make lead way on this subject.

Did you like this example?

Gender Equality in the Workplace. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Gender Equality in Sports

Contents

Nonexistence of Gender Equality in Sports
Social Stigma and Stereotypes
Childhood
Gender Categorized
Mass Media
Playing Professionally
Product Endorsements/Commercials
Game Rules

Nonexistence of Gender Equality in Sports

The sports culture has always had a gender controversy in that it favors men more than women. Even though Title IX has long been passed, there is still a social stigma against women’s participation in sports. This issue is very significant due to the unequal treatment of female athletes in aspects such as salary, media coverage, endorsements, etc. Most of the research points to the masculinity of sports and how female athletes are disregarded due to their gender. It is suggested that there are underlying factors that may affect this imbalance of treatment such as race, age, capabilities, etc. Due to these factors, women in sports are underrepresented in the media and sexualized in order to gain attention. Furthermore, there is an image they must upkeep in that female athletes exude feminine appearance but uphold masculine traits when playing sports. There have been some considerable changes over the years in regards to women in sport but there is still an obvious distinction from the male athletes.

Title IX “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance” (U.S. Department of Education, 2018). This law was passed under the Education Amendments of 1972, which helped eliminate the discrimination of sex in sports. This also opened up the world of sports to females in schools and inspires skilled individuals to further pursue an occupation in professional sports. History Before Title IX, females were not encouraged nor were they allowed to participate in most physical activities like sports. Women were associated with soft play, caring and nurturing to further promote an image opposite that of males. The social norm became that the women’s responsibilities were childcare, house chores, and taking care of the family in general. This was further explained by Steinfeldt et al (2011) that “the process of gender role socialization utilizes social norms, values, and ideologies to teach attitudes and behaviors about what it means to be a man or a woman in society (Addis & Mahalik, 2003” (p.402).

When women did participate in activity deemed outside of their capabilities or contradicted the feminine image, they ended up being discriminated by those around them. During the World War II when the men were off to war, women took over the jobs in the factories and also the sports industry. The most popular is the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, which was not widely accepted at first, but people eventually came around to enjoy it. When the war was over however, and the men returned home, the women’s baseball team lost its popularity and the men’s sports reigned supreme. This mentality unfortunately was passed down from generation to generation, continuing the discouragement and decreasing the exposure of women in sports. Significance Title IX was a product from the Civil Rights Act that begun in 1964.

This was a significant movement in that people were fighting for equal rights within all race, sex, and religion. With the law now by their side, the society saw an increase in female participation in sports and allowed the formation of sports teams for women in schools. The law had a greater strength in compliance since failure to do so can cause the cancellation of federal financial assistance to those facilities. Furthermore, most organizations such as the NCAA have adopted competitions specifically for women’s sports, providing more opportunities for female athletes. This also helped alter the gender norms in society about women playing sports and widened the society’s perception about equal sports participation.

After Title IX Although it may seem like Title IX solved the problem within sports about gender, it unfortunately just introduced new obstacles for female athletes. Sports remained heavily in favor of men and as Steinfeldt et al (2011) stated, “sport as a male dominated setting has influenced female athletes’ negotiation of their position in sport and continues to reflect traditional gendered hegemonic practices that promote conformity to gender role norms (Beal, 1996; Krane, Choi, Baird, Aimar, & Kauer 2004; Meaˆn & Kassing, 2008; Ross & Shinew, 2008)” (p. 402). Women must not only conform to sports norms but also gender norms within society just so that they can continue playing. Another obstacle factor for female athletes according to Sherry, Osborne, and Nicholson (2016), “Women’s sport continues to be viewed through the prism of male hegemony… sport management and administration structures, policies and behaviours that underpin the treatment of women’s sport and maintain the status quo” (p. 299). With this continuation of males reigning supreme over the sports realm, female athletes still have difficulty being credited as an equal athlete with males.

Social Stigma and Stereotypes

Most of the issue surrounding gender and sports all stem from social stigma and stereotypes embedded within society. People have grown to have the Near Exposure Effect, which is the preference towards often seen or familiar with. Since men are the ones normally seen to be playing sports and associated with physical activity, it is only natural that when women were included in sports, many stereotypes formed as a result. Biological Make-up Wellard (2016) pointed out in his article, “…when addressing gender issues in sport is the continued assumption by many sport practitioners that the experiences of women and men will always be different because of perceived physiological characteristics” (p. 1).

Although there are multiple differences between the anatomy and physiology of men and women, this does not validate the statement that women cannot play sports due to that difference. Force production is vital for most sports and women are stereotyped to be weaker than men. This is not necessarily true as there are many athletes who take advantage of training adaptations to be the best at their sport. Each individual is unique, thus it is hard to contribute physiological factors as the valid reason to support women being inferior to men. Unfortunately, due to lack of education in society about the human body adaptations in relation to training, stereotypes like these have remained prevalent in sports.

Childhood

While children are growing up, parents play a vital role with shaping the child’s personality and values. It is not surprising that the values the parents grew up with is handed down to their children, which may include gender stereotypes. These stereotypes can range from girls playing with dolls and boys playing sports or anything dealing with aggressive, physical movement. This stereotype promotes the idea that women should not play in sports and if they did, they can be mocked to be a tomboy. Moreover, Plaza et al (2017) explained about gender stereotype activation that can apply as the children grow up and “judgments, attitudes, and behaviors toward the person or object are likely to be shaped by previous stereotypic traits activation without individuals’ conscious awareness” (p. 203-204).

As the children grow older, these stereotypes become instilled in their minds and can be activated when the situation arises. In example would be female athletes playing basketball. The automatic reaction would be that basketball is not a sport normally associated with women and they are contradicting the stereotype by doing so. The result could be the athletes being labeled as lesbians or tomboys, decreased support, and constant negative perception towards their sport participation.

Gender Categorized

The most influential ideas that most research and articles highlight are that sports are heavily gender typed and associated with masculinity. As Steinfeldt et al (2011) wrote “the beliefs and values conveyed to athletes emphasize qualities that are associated with traditional conceptualizations of masculinity (e.g., aggression, competition, toughness; Sabo, 1985; Wellard, 2002; Whan- nel, 2007; Whitson, 1994)” (p. 401). Since most of the sports involve masculine traits, women are constantly pressured to conform to this masculinity in terms of physical and mental state. This comparison is always made between men and women, however only women get criticized for their image. They are expected to exude feminism while upholding masculine features. In addition, the variety of sports is also gender categorized based on what society perceives as appropriate for each.

Plaza et al (2017) pointed out “ qualitative investigation recently confirmed that activities involving strength, endurance, and physical contact were mainly conceived as masculine activities, whereas aesthetics sports (i.e., those involving concentration, application, and flexibility) were considered as feminine activities by French adolescents (Lentillon 2009)” (p. 203). An example of this would be football in that it is deemed too violent for women and gymnastics is seen as more of a women’s sport. This then discourages women to participate and diminishes the idea of gender equality in sports.

Mass Media

Women’s sports are heavily underrepresented in the media in terms of television broadcasting and commercials. Channels like ESPN prioritize all male sports coverage but only cover a handful of women’s sports such as basketball and tennis. When women athletes are featured in commercials or magazines, they are often sexualized to garner more attention. Coverage With the advancing technology and expansion of broadcasting, there are now multiple channels that cover sports on a daily basis, all year round. This televised broadcast has changed the face of sports in that it increased the exposure of sports and athletes to the mass public and allowed for them to watch games more conveniently.

As innovative as broadcasting sounds, it is still an obstacle for females to get exposure through this medium. Most women’s sports are not broadcasted as often as men’s, if not at all. In their research, Sherry, Osborne, and Nicholson (2016) concluded that “the relative exclusion of women’s sport in the media serves to frame women’s sport as less important than men’s (Godoy-Pressland and Griggs 2014; Lumby et al. 2010) and thus maintains the notion of sexual difference and perpetuates masculine hegemony (Birrell and Theberge, 2007; Cooky et al. 2013; Mason and Rail 2006; Messner et al. 2003)” (p. 300). Even when they are televised, women’s sports, with the exclusion of Olympics, does not fill up the stadium seats like men’s sports do. This is a factor that sets back female athletes since the decreased coverage further supports the male supremacy in sports. Image.

The image that society expects of female athletes can be summarized as someone who is attractive and feminine on the outside, but also has the masculine traits when playing sports. As one may notice, most female athletes are required to wear makeup and pastel colors that accentuate the feminine image they are trying to portray. If that does not garner enough attention, sponsors and magazines sexualize the image of female athletes to sell more products and attract more audiences during games. As Hall and Oglesby (2016) noted, “Women athletes are included not for their athleticism but for their sexual appeal. Pictures of female athletes in provocative poses are common; after all sex sells. (Hall 2007)” (p. 272).

Even the uniform styles that female athletes are offered adhere to the social stereotype of femininity. In tennis, athletes have to wear a skirt and a tight fitting tank top along with makeup and a long ponytail for their hair when playing in tournaments. Furthermore, there are certain feminine gestures that female athletes are pressured to having to become more appealing to the public. Sherry, Osborne, and Nicholson (2016) quoted, “Goffman (1979) argued that visual representations present gender relations in a manner that is not reflective of reality, but rather, the images fulfill a social function: to convince society that that is how the two genders are, how they wish to be, and how they ought to be” (p. 301)

A great example is tennis athlete Maria Sharapova, who was popular for having attractive features. Although she performs well on tennis tournaments and has her share of winnings, most of what the public remembers of her is her pretty appearance. In comparison to male athletes, the audience does not focus on appearance or body structure as much but rather focuses on the skill and how well the player performs during games.

Playing Professionally

Gender typing in sports also applies to professional athletes in aspects such as monetary winnings, sponsorships, and overall treatment during the games. In comparison to females, male athletes have multimillion-dollar contracts and are offered lifetime sponsorships with popular brands. Women athletes on the other hand, are only offered a fraction of what male athletes make and sponsorships are limited. Salary Since Title IX, the prevalence of women’s sports has increased all over the world and competitions between countries occur annually, asides from the Olympics. Some have had great successes like the U.S. women’s soccer team who was the 2015 World Champion and Serena Williams who have won twenty-three Grand Slams in tennis.

Along with the pride and fame that comes with winning, professional athletes are also awarded prize money for their accomplishments. Unfortunately, there is no law that states women and men receive equal amounts when it comes to winnings. Female athletes are at a disadvantage getting paid much less than male athletes. Hall and Oglesby (2016) described, “Gender and salary differences are staggering for professional women. In soccer, women earn a minimum of $6842 and for men salaries are at least $50,000 (Harwell 2015)” (p. 272). This is still the case today in organizations like the WNBA where female players’ contracts are only a fraction of the amount of what NBA male players make. Fortunately, tennis has made great innovations in eliminating the prize money difference between male and female tennis players. Currently, the winner of the tournaments receives the same amount of prize money, regardless of sex.

Product Endorsements/Commercials

As mentioned earlier, the salary differences between male and female athletes are significantly different, but that is only the beginning. A good portion of an athlete’s salary comes from brand sponsors and product advertisements. The most common advertisement is commercials ranging from insurance companies to food products. Male athletes are portrayed with a cool, macho vibe while female athletes are most often sexualized and required to wear revealing clothing. Sherry, Osborne, and Nicholson (2016) reiterated in their article that “ some studies argue that there could be serious and long-lasting negative implications flowing from female athletes’ use of sex to sell themselves, to gain exposure and establish a presence, presumably with a view to gaining sponsorship ((Smallwood, Brown, and Billings 2014)” (p. 303). The authors further explain that this sexualization of women to gain sponsorship relates back to the idea of gender typing. The sexualized image attributes to the feminine side and sex attracts more fans and sells more products. This switches the focus from performance to image in women’s athletes and defeats the purpose of gender equality between men.

Game Rules

Each sport has a set of rules, and referees and organization officials ensure to enforce those rules especially during tournaments. These rules are objective and focuses on the overall goals of the sport. One would not expect any gender bias from it, but the idea of masculinity in sport still prevails through its rules and regulations. “Sports organisation management’s perceptions of gender underpinned discourses which served to “sustain homologous reproduction” (Knoppers and Anthonissen 2008, p. 93), thereby restricting the capacity for change” (Sherry, Osborne, and Nicholson, 2016 p. 299). It can be seen that in men’s sports, the referees follow the rules but are lenient to certain violations. Women’s sports on the other hand, are held to very strict rules and referees tend to be biased against them. This still occurs today and an example is the Grand Slam 2018 between Serena Williams and Naomi Osaka. Williams was fined for code violations when the umpire accused her of receiving illegal coaching on the side. She admitted that she did not receive any coaching but the situation escalated badly, leading to the organization announcing her loss against Osaka due to violation. Williams later argued that circumstances like these have also occurred in men’s tournaments but the umpires overlook those violations due to a favorable bias on male athletes.

Sexism plays a factor here and umpires who are supposed to be neutral and enforce the rules equally do not do so. Conclusion Without the passing of Title IX, women’s sports would not be where it is today. It helped encourage women to participate in sports and decrease the social stigma against women and physical activity. With the growing epidemic of obesity today, the encouragement to participate in women’s sports helps society tackle through this problem and promote a healthier lifestyle with exercise.

Unfortunately, Title IX covers only a small amount of problems within the gender issue in sports. Society still believes in gender roles and stereotypes that disable the advancement of women’s sports to be taken more seriously. Fortunately, there are articles like the ones mentioned that brings further awareness to the current sexism in sports. Although most people know about it, further action is necessary to bring equality for female athletes. The articles have also discussed about other factors that affect gender inequality in sports such as age, race, and physical capabilities that still needs to be addressed. This is important since the U.S. is a melting pot of different cultures, which could play a factor for women’s ability to play sports.

Although these articles are very helpful in addressing the issues female athletes face today, its downside is the lack of coverage about the support women received from male athletes. There are many instances that male athletes have acknowledged and given recognition to skilled female athletes that further promote gender equality in sports. Another lack of coverage is on male athletes’ conflicts in sport. Even though female athletes have a more challenging experience in the sports world, male athletes also have their obstacles to face. They too are subject to gender discrimination that makes sports participation challenging.

All in all, there is still a long way to go and many obstacles to tackle through before the gender inequality in sports is completely resolved. Future research can be done on the social structure of the population as to why male athletes are more popular and accepted in the world of sports. The goal still remains to be diminishing the gender discrimination in sports. Moreover, the social idea that sports’ focus is athletic performance and entertainment of competition between talented individuals should be further promoted.

Did you like this example?

Gender Equality in Sports. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Cruelty to Animals in Circuses

When the circus was invented in 1782 no one knew the horrible effect it would end up having on animals. Animals have been used in the circus since the very beginning, and have not stopped being used since. It started off with just big cats being used, but very quickly other animals were involved such as elephants, ostriches, donkeys, etc. All these animals are used to make money and in return are mistreated and given poor living conditions. Animals in circuses are often treated cruelly, as such circuses should not be allowed to use animals.

One reason that circuses should not be aloud to use animals is that the animals are physically mistreated by the caregivers who work for the circus. The workers for the circus like to beat and abuse the animals just because they don't know how to do tricks that they shouldn't even have to learn in the first place. An example that PETA uses is, “ Elephants are frequently beaten with bullhooks—heavy batons with a sharp metal hook on one end—sometimes until they bleed, in order to force them to perform dangerous, uncomfortable tricks, such as standing on their head or on a small pedestal” (PETA). This evidence talks about how badly animals are beaten when they are forced to perform strange tasks. They do these tricks only out of fear. Animals are not meant to perform such tasks, The stuff that they are forced to do does not make any sense to them in their head. It would be like if we forced a human to crawl on all 4’s, it's just not a natural thing to expect them to do. Another way that animals are physically abused by the circus is the travelling conditions that they are put in. In a “Circus Cruelty”, an article written by “PAWS”, it says that “ Virtually 96 percent of their lives are spent in chains or cages, 11 months a year they travel over long distances in box cars with no climate control; sleeping, eating, and defecating in the same cage” (PAWS). Being kept in captivity like this is no way that any being should have to live. Imagine if a human was put in these conditions, we would call that cruel and inhumane. If the treatment and living conditions are not good enough for humans, than they should not be acceptable for animals. Just because they don't have two thumbs and ten fingers does not mean that they don't deserve the same basic rights as humans.

Another reason that animals should not be used in circuses is the negative mental effect that it has on them. While the animals are subject to much physical abuse they are also subject to mental abuse by the trainers and are not able to do anything about it, because they are in possession of malicious trainers that would harm them if they tried to make a move. This abuse is very similar to being put into an internment camp. The animals have no way to speak up for themselves, so this is why agencies like PETA are trying to give a voice to the unheard. It has been stated that ,”Animals in circuses become despondent and depressed, and most develop abnormal behavior patterns, including swaying, head-bobbing, and incessant pacing. Sometimes, they even harm themselves” (PETA). These habits that these animals have developed are not natural. They have only began these habits because they are bored and abused. And odds are that if you go into the wild or any of these animals natural habitats, you would not find any animals behaving like this. You could list off all of the mental abuse that these animals are exposed to forever, but one example that really stood out to me was from a website named “Last Chance for Animals”. In one of their many educational articles about animals well being, it says “Stealing infants from their mothers. An estimated 50 percent of the Asian elephants owned by Ringling were captured and torn from their families in the wild” (LCA). These types of actions from the circus should be punished by the law just based off of how cruel this is. Imagine the uproar that would happen from the community if this happened to dogs or cats. Just because the circus animals are not your “typical” type of pets, does not mean that ripping them from their mothers arms as an infant is okay, or somewhat defendable. Doing horrible things like this to the animals has a negative lifelong effect on the mental state of both the mother and the baby. Causing animals to lash out and harm themselves or others, which i'll get to next.

Sadly, animals escaping or lashing out is a very common thing in circuses. But these actions are not their fault when you really think about it. They do this only because they are either scared, angry, or even both. In an article called “Advocacy of Animals”, written by L. Murray, it says” Recently, four zebras and three horses escaped from the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus in Colorado and ran loose near a busy interstate highway for 30 minutes. This harrowing incident is just the latest in a long series of escapes and rampages that illustrate the dangers that animals in circuses pose to both themselves and the public” (Murray). This shows that forcing animals to travel with the circus is a serious hazard to people. In most cases they don't end up harming anyone, but there's always the risk, and that risk is not worth it. And that's not even talking about how they can potentially hurt themselves. Another way that animals pose danger to the public is written in “Last Chance for Animals”, it says “Some circus elephants have been diagnosed with a human strain of Tuberculosis (TB) and have passed it on to their handlers. Elephants in circuses are predisposed to TB because of routine transport that often exposes them to other infected elephants and because of stress factors, including severe punishment, constant confinement, inconsistent water quality and food supply, and poor nutrition” (LCA). Showing that keeping elephants away from their natural habitat is not only very dangerous for themselves, it's even more dangerous for people. Furthering my point as to how hazardous it is to haul them around the country.

Some people think that having animals in the circus is a good thing because it's entertaining or a good education source. An example that the “Huff Post” uses talks about how people can learn from the animals, “Seeing the skill and intelligence of animals at close quarters can only foster admiration and respect for other species (McPherson 7)”. They are trying to make the argument that kids can learn from watching the animals in the circus. However, these kids are not learning how these animals truly act, because they're not in their natural habitat. So the only thing these kids are learning are the unnatural habits and relationships that the animals have developed from being in the circus. Dismissing the ridiculous idea that circuses can be “educational”.

More research needs to be done but based off of this evidence, it is clear that animals do not belong in the circus, because of how cruelly they are treated. They are abused both physically and mentally, which is no way that any living being should have to live. The circus is proven to have no benefits to the animals, but still goes on because it is a way to make money.

Did you like this example?

Cruelty to Animals in Circuses. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Prevent Cruelty to Animals

What is Animal abuse? Well, let me explain to you what it is. This is very sad because you see animals suffering in so many horrible ways. They beat up animals like human beings if they get mad the owners then take it out on the animal. For example, say if the owner got in an argument with their girlfriend they will take it out on the animal by beating it up or starving the dog. Also, they would use dogs for fights and the owners would beet money on which dog would be the last one standing. This all began in the 12th century after Roman invaded Britain. The British would make dogs fight against larger animals such as wild boar and bulls. The taste of brutal bloodsport was exported to other countries including the united states. Another big problem with animals were cocks. They would be used to fight against each other.

They would bet money as well. They would also fight to the death. The cocks would cut each other up when flying up and bumping up to each other. The cock that would survive was so injured and it had a chance dying as well or surviving to get recovered for the next match. Animal fighting is only one of many types of animal cruelty. People these days get too crazy and start beating up poor animals. We have to make things right again and care about animals because animals are like humans they have feelings as well. They are basically a child when you get them because you have to teach them like a human being. Another example is that the cows die and leave their young ones to alone and how are they going to react not having their dad or mom.

They stay lonely just so we could eat meat. People think about just themselves and do not think about the consequences. Every day there are more and more animal cruelty cases not just in our community but nationwide. Animal cruelty is not just pets being beaten and not cared for but also animals being used for human convenience, in an article PETA explains different ways animals are being abused nationally. “They are enslaved, beaten, and kept in chains to make them perform for humans’ entertainment; they are mutilated and confined to tiny cages so that we can kill them and eat them; they are burned, blinded, poisoned, and cut up alive in the name of “science”; they are electrocuted, strangled, and skinned alive so that people can parade around in their coats”(malzoism.org). Many of us are adding to this problem by the little things we do, for example, people who buy certain makeup brands that test on animals are supporting animal experimentation which is harming animals such as bunnies, guinea pigs, rats and mice who are being injected with harmful chemicals that can lead to blindness and seizures.

Another way we are contributing to animal cruelty is by going to zoos and circus’. In places like these, they are using animals as human entertainment, they keep animals in small spaces as well as mistreat them if they don't perform as they taught them, these poor animals should be able to roam free and not be used for entertainment.Lastly, eating animals is supporting the meat industry to kill animals in inhumane ways. Many farms animals are stuck in small cages or areas getting ready to be sent to a slaughterhouse where they die slowly and painfully .Therefore animal cruelty is a nationwide issue because it doesn’t simply mean the mistreatment of pets but also animals being used for experimentation, food, clothing, and many more things. The overall major effect of the community problem is the continuous cycle of animal abuse. We as a group came to the conclusion that animal abuse is not the only problem but the way an individual is raised is a big problem too. This is a cycle that usually begins with the younger kids if they were exposed to any kind of abuse such as verbal or physical abuse which is more likely to cause post-traumatic stress disorder. So they continue the cycle themselves by abusing animals or others, since in their mentality it’s the correct way to express their angered feelings, in such a way that is not okay. For example, children will not have any sort of compassionate emotion, “Children who witness cruelty to animals experience psychological and emotional damage that compromises their empathy development because they become desensitized to feelings of kindness, hurt, pain and suffering in themselves and other living beings”(Palmer1). They are accustomed to not being treated with kindness, so they will treat others within a hatred way.

Most of the time if an animal is being abused, the people that witness it won’t speak up about it or report it to the law. The law does not do enough to protect these animals. So people don’t report it in fear they’ll get in trouble with the law themselves. In some communities they are beginning to acknowledge the lives of these precious animals, “Pets have no voice under the law or escape route from the violence that is inflicted upon them and, therefore, several states have initiated legislation to include pets and even farm animals in protective orders”(Ridge1). As more people start to speak out about animal abuse there will be more laws that will have to protect all animals. The law has yet to recognize the links between domestic abuse and animal abuse, “There is a continuous cycle between animal abuse, domestic abuse, and child abuse, and, unfortunately, the law has not explicitly recognized the links between them. Children who are exposed to family abuse situations or who have abused animals themselves are at a greater risk of a psychological and behavioral problem in the future. When children are exposed to violence or are the abusers themselves, the cycle is complete because they are more likely to grow up and become the abuser in their own families”(Ridge2). The sooner the system recognizes the links between those two issues the more quickly we’ll be able to help out the community in trying to avoid these abuses. The city of Los Angeles Animals Services Department (LAAS) was established 153 years ago. The LAAS has around six shelters in different areas of Los Angeles. Each shelter has at least one veterinarian and other vet techs for assistance, the team is trained and has experience in orthopedic surgery working with wildlife and in spay/neutering animals. They are a high adoption, high placement shelter. Their goal is to be a no-kill shelter, their mission is to “ promote and protect the health, safety, and welfare of animals and people”(laanimalservices.com). LAAS also has field staff that includes world-class specialized mobile animal rescue team aka “SMART”. These animal control officers are specialized in handling animal cruelty cases, they handle permits and all code enforcement including licensing, spay/neuter, leash laws and more, helping dogs, cats, hawks, alligators, horses, turtles, and etc. and the people who love or fear them(laanimalservices.com).

In the LAAS website, they state, “In Fiscal Year 2011-12, our live-save rate for dogs and cats was only 57.8% and as of December 2017 the live-save rate was 91.93% for dogs and 80.11% for cats. In addition the website state, “We still have work to do for sure, and we have been making steady progress during the past six years”(laanimalservices.com). The shelters are improving every year in saving dogs and helping them. The volunteers and employees are working harder each and every day to make something great out of what the can for the animals they love. The West Valley shelter was very welcoming and open. Their staff were so nice to all of us, even the volunteers. They answered all of our questions and gave many details. They showed us how the treats for dogs and we went around feeding them. LAAS provides many useful services. They provide free spay and neutering. They also provide mobile clinics. Different foundations provide other services. The Lucy pet foundation mobile clinic provides low-cost vaccines, licensing, deworming, microchipping and other services. The Sam Simon foundation mobile veterinary clinic offers a variety of free surgeries for cats and dogs, to those families who earn less than 40,000 per year. Besides doing spays and neuters they perform surgeries such as mass removals, amputations, bladder stone removals, eye removals, and etc. Spaying is a term used to describe the reproductive system of a female pet. When a female dog is spayed, the vet removes her ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus.

Spaying does not allow the female pet to reproduce and eliminates her heat cycle. It is important to spay because it comes with health benefits that help a dog live a healthier and longer life, it can also help with behavior issues. This helps prevent serious health problems like mammary cancer, uterine infections, and uterine cancer. Neutering is a term to describe the castration of a male animal. The process consists of a vet removing the male’s testicles. This prevents the male from roaming away in search of a mate. Neutering helps prevent testicular cancer and some prostate problems. The shelters’ mobile clinic provides free spays in the area of south Los Angeles. If you do not live in that area you can visit a clinic near you. Another service would be microchipping. LAAS recommends microchipping because you have a higher chance of finding your dog if it ever goes missing. The microchip is the size of a grain of rice, it is injected under the animal’s skin between the shoulder blades. Every chip injected has its own unique number that is registered with a national database along with the owner’s information. In addition, they also provide permits and licensing. According to the Los Angeles animal services, “License tags identify guardians of lost animals. Each license tag has a unique number assigned to your animal only”(laanimalservices.com). Animals are required to be registered especially dogs and equine. Licensing makes it easier to contact owners when an animal runs away from home. Prices vary for different animals, and for however many years it lasts for. Licensing is done at any local shelter. However, my group and I strongly wanna emphasize the importance of putting an end to Animal Cruelty and to every sickening human being who is guilty of Animal Cruelty. One way to avoid Animal Cruelty in our community is to require more adoptions for people a safe way rather than purchasing animals off the internet and off the streets. Another beneficial method to prevent Animal Cruelty is when adopting animals owners to be required to attend a class on how to discipline pets the proper way. We also believe that animal cruelty will be reduced if we had stricter restrictions on animal breeding. People think their playing god by trying to create different dog breeds. For this purpose, people should advocate the urgency of Animal Cruelty, however, if anyone witnesses this kind of comportment it should be reported to authorities immediately along with providing as much evidence as possible.

After all who isn't tired of these awful humans abusing animals? I know that I am definitely disgusted with the thought of abuse and that this happens more than we can imagine because I myself have witnessed it as well. These harmless animals would probably not fight back while being abused by their own owner. No pet deserves to ever have to be put through this. Not to mention when I say abuse I don’t just refer to physically hitting your pet, Animal Cruelty can occur in several ways such as yelling, kicking, not providing food and exposing them to drugs etc. Animals don’t deserve the horrible feeling of neglect and abandonment by their owners so let’s all come together and put an end Animal Cruelty. Save these lovely little lives. Pets are one of a kind. They are our friends who don't judge us for our beliefs, color, ethnicity and most importantly our mistakes they always remain the same and continue to love us despite on our actions. I believe children have a big impact on Animal Abuse they need to be better educated on the correct way to treat animals because they learn from the adults in their lives, adults should be superior role models to their children, including not only treating a human with compassion but pets as well. There is a purpose for promoting kindness to the young ones because if children aren't aware of kindness at a young age they will carry disrespect with them for the rest of their lives. I suggest that we should all do our part on making people realize how critical Animal Abuse is and how it is absolutely wrong to do. In conclusion, every animal should be at peace and cruelty-free by all human beings.

Did you like this example?

Prevent Cruelty to Animals. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Gun Violence Prevention

Contents

Preventing Gun Violence: What causes Gun Violence?
Works Cited

Preventing Gun Violence: What causes Gun Violence?

Gun violence is a problem that is being dealt with throughout many places, and my group is researching how to prevent gun violence since it is a problem that many locations are facing and it is becoming a nation-wide epidemic. Gun violence is most common in places with easy access to guns and we need to learn how to put a stop to gun violence. To limit gun violence we need to ask, what causes gun violence? Learning what causes it will help find how to prevent the beginning of the next shooting. Gun violence is very common, and this is because there are many problems being caused by the people who get their hands on the weapon. Some problems would be considered easy gun access, vendors selling guns to mentally unstable people, an unbelievably violent culture, and economic problems that will later cause people to think that gun violence might be a good solution.

Gun violence is clearly not possible without the gun, which is the weapon in use. You need to actually have access to a gun which are undeniably easy to achieve due to the fact they are easily attainable. If we were to limit the access to guns, then gun violence would surely decrease. According to the book, “Reducing Gun Violence in America” by Daniel W. Webster and Jon. S. Vernick, it is stated that, “Fifteen states extend firearms sales regulations to sales by private, and unlicensed sellers” (Webster and Vernick 111). This not only proves that it is easy to get a gun, but since it is only fifteen states, there is also a variety in gun laws within the United States ranging from state to state. This is also confirmed within the book when they mention “states vary greatly in the nature of their gun sale laws.” (Webster and Vernick 111). The variety of gun laws throughout the U.S. makes it easy for someone to get their hands on a gun because some places are less strict with their laws. This is the beginning of the problem because if it wasn’t so easy to obtain the weapon, there would not be as much violence as there is now.

Easily obtainable guns is especially bad when there are vendors selling to people who are mentally unstable. Even though people who are mentally ill or mentally unstable are usually harmless to others, there is a small percentage of mentally unstable people who are willing to do violent things if they have a severe illness. They are not the root cause of gun violence but they do make up a small percentage of gun violence that can be easily preventable if they had just went through mental health checks before buying a gun. To prevent these kinds of attacks it has been suggested for locals to take non-violent action to help stop these things from happening. This is shown when Jon Vernick and Ted Alcom mentioned, “they need to petition a court and temporarily remove firearms from an individual who presents a danger to himself or to others during times of crisis, regardless of whether that person has been diagnosed with a mental illness” (Vernick, Background Checks for All Gun Buyers and Gun Violence Restraining Orders: State Efforts to Keep Guns from High-risk Persons). Getting a mental check-up before getting a gun should be a very important part of the process to prevent the possible harm to oneself or to others.

The gun owners being affected by the culture they live in is a large part of it as well. Many students deal with “a culture of honor to be significantly associated with two indices of school violence: the percentage of high school students who reported having brought a weapon to school during the past month, and the prevalence of actual school shootings over a 20-year period.” (Florida). This shows people in the U.S. grow up with violence put up in their mind. This helps explain why violence is so common. It is common because it impacts places like public schools and is drilled into a young student’s brain. They learn that violence is okay because of a social acceptance of the idea of protecting your honor. People don’t want to be seen as less than another person so they will fight for dominance in any way needed. It is even stated in “The Christian Century”, that “popular culture breeds violence” (Stopping Gun Violence). Which is another example of how toxic society can affect someone, especially if it later causes violence to be common.

Another reason gun violence is so common is because of the economy. The economy is what affects our daily lives and can help us for better or worse. It has a large effect on people , therefore it will have a large effect on gun violence. This is later confirmed in the magazine, “Analysis: The Geography of Gun Violence” where it states, “On the economic front, gun violence was higher in states with lower average incomes. Similarly, gun violence was less likely in states with more college graduates and stronger knowledge-based economies. Gun violence was also higher in states that tend to vote Republican.” (Florida). This is proof that money also has a large part in this. Money controls most things in society such as status, for example. Most places with plenty of money are more likely to be nicer than places where the poor live because they can afford better living conditions which might bother people because they believe they will not be able to afford things the rich can. This is important because this will get many people riled up due to feeling as if it is unfair and unjust, out of jealousy. These feelings will build up and become anger, which will then be the cause of a new shooting. It is another problem we are facing today, and to solve that problem we help build a better economy.

In conclusion, gun violence is a epidemic than can be stopped if you were to stop the root cause of why people would want to use the violence in the first place.Things we need to fix to prevent future gun violence is easy gun access since we need to make it more strict, vendors selling guns to mentally unstable people to prevent them harming themselves and others. We also need to stop the violent culture we have to stop letting the youth believe violence is acceptable and we need to fix the economic problems so people don’t have urges to attack places out of spite. Doing this is not only stopping the root causes of gun violence, it will lower gun violence dramatically because it will be much more difficult for people to gain access to the weapon, therefore gun violence is preventable.

Works Cited

Dolbee, Kimberly. 'What Is the Primary Cause of Gun Violence in America?' Guns & Ammo, vol. 55, no. 4, Apr. 2011, p. 12. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A251379936/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=aba3716b. Accessed 30 Jan. 2019.
Florida, Richard. 'Analysis: The Geography of Gun Violence.' National journal.com, 20 July 2012. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A297051667/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=05133d10. Accessed 1 Feb. 2019.
Isenstein, Libby. 'The States with the Most Gun Laws See the Fewest Gun-Related Deaths.' National Journal.com, 28 Aug. 2015. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A426946356/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=5120095b. Accessed 1 Feb. 2019.
Judy, Karen. 'Preventing Gun Violence: We Must Act.' Clinical Psychiatry News, vol. 35, no. 7, July 2007, p. 9. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A167255927/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=d6b7635e. Accessed 7 Feb. 2019.
Pollack, Harold. 'What We Can Do about Gun Violence.' The American Prospect, vol. 27, no. 1, Winter 2016, p. 104. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A447176636/GPS?u=texshare_tgps&sid=GPS&xid=e5bd8ac5. Accessed 23 Jan. 2019.
Sanders, Katie. ''AMERICANS ARE 20 TIMES as LIKELY to DIE from GUN VIOLENCE as CITIZENS of OTHER CIVILIZED COUNTRIES,' SAYS AUTHOR LISA BLOOM.' Tampa Bay Times (St. Petersburg, FL), 17 Jan. 2014. Opposing Viewpoints in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A356027545/GPS?u=texshare_tgps&sid=GPS&xid=b6096b01. Accessed 23 Jan. 2019.
'Stopping Gun Violence.' The Christian Century, vol. 130, no. 1, 9 Jan. 2013, p. 7. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A317202174/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=9ae2263a. Accessed 23 Jan. 2019.
Vernick, Jon S., et al. 'Background Checks for All Gun Buyers and Gun Violence Restraining Orders: State Efforts to Keep Guns from High-risk Persons.' Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, vol. 45, no. 1, Spring 2017, p. S98+. General OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A494499150/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=33ee4414. Accessed 6 Feb. 2019.
Wapner, Jessica. 'How Gun Violence Literally Infects Communities; A new study provides the first evidence that gun violence spreads exactly like a blood-borne pathogen.' Newsweek, 17 Nov. 2017. Gale Virtual Reference Library, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A480566352/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=e76b1f63. Accessed 23 Jan. 2019.
Webster, Daniel W., and Jon S. Vernick, editors. Reducing Gun Violence in America.

Did you like this example?

Gun Violence Prevention. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis

Fahrenheit 451 recounts the narrative of Guy Montag and his change from a book-consuming fire fighter to a book-understanding renegade. Montag lives in a severe society that endeavors to wipe out all wellsprings of intricacy, inconsistency, and disarray to guarantee simple satisfaction for every one of its residents. As Montag comes to acknowledge throughout the novel, be that as it may, his kinsmen are but rather glad profoundly empty. Individuals in this world are continually besieged with promotions and shallow stimulations, leaving them no space to have an independent perspective or survey their own enthusiastic states. The outcome is a general public that develops progressively childish, delight chasing, disengaged, and void.

Montag starts to become aware of the issues his general public faces before long his underlying experience with the unique Clarisse McClellan. From the start, the young lady confounds him. For every last bit of her perplexing, irregular conduct, Montag remains charmed, and after they head out in different directions he focuses on Clarisse's last inquiry: "Are you glad?" In the second he has no clue about how to reply, however the inquiry evokes an emotional response. After showing up home, his first reaction is forswearing: "obviously I'm glad. What does she think? I'm not?" Yet an acknowledgment occurs to him: "He was not happy...He wore his bliss like a cover and the young lady had run off across the yard with the veil and there was no chance of going to thump on her entryway and request it back."

The circumstance of this acknowledgment has incredible importance in the novel, since it happens not long before Montag finds his better half, Mildred, oblivious in bed in the wake of ingesting too much of resting pills. At the point when the EMTs show up to siphon Mildred's stomach and give her a crisis blood bonding, they nonchalantly advise Montag that this sort of occasion happens constantly. Mildred seems undaunted by her brush with death, and Montag understands that his significant other has become so empty that she's basically sleeping in any event, when she's conscious.

Between the acknowledgment of his own despondency and the acknowledgment of his better half's vacuousness, Montag turns out to be faintly mindful that something isn't right with the state of affairs. The shock of seeing a defiant lady consume herself alive instigates Montag's change. He stirs into full cognizance of his general public's profound situated issues when he observes this lady decide to bite the dust as opposed to allow the fire fighters to remove her books.

At the point when Montag takes a book during the scene with the insubordinate lady, he brings himself into a strained clash with the evil Captain Beatty and with society on the loose. Beatty quickly associates Montag with holding onto illicit books and visits him, during which he clarifies the social and mechanical history that prompted the forbidding of books. Beatty wishes to prevent Montag from perusing, yet his discourse has the contrary impact. After Beatty leaves, Montag chooses to figure out the very thing he's devoted his life to annihilating: books.

Montag's choice to search out the worth of books drives straightforwardly to the original's peak. Mildred firmly opposes Montag's understanding undertaking, and the contention between the two reaches a crucial stage when Montag gets back to discover Mildred and her companions sitting in front of the TV in the "parlor." Montag becomes enraged with their shallowness and powers them to pay attention to an entry from a book. In spite of the fact that he attempts to disregard his activities as a joke, he apparently disturbs the ladies, who take off from the house and quickly turn him in to the fire fighters. The clever's peak comes when Beatty orders Montag to torch his own home. Rather than complying, Montag sets Beatty ablaze and escapes. Montag gets away from the city, gliding down a stream that ushers him out of the city and into the country. There he meets a wandering band of similar savvy people who give their lives to protecting incredible books by submitting them to memory. The novel closes with a bomb falling on the city, decreasing it to rubble. The band of erudite people, driven by Montag, head toward the obliterated city, wanting to revamp.

By original's end, Montag's change is finished. In spite of the fact that he still can't seem to dominate the data he gets from books, his reasoning goes through a sufficient change to empower him to dismiss his general public and embrace the chance of another one. Though the past society imploded because of its refusal of information, information will fill in as the establishment for the new society.

Did you like this example?

Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Animal Rights and Experimentation

Medicines, cosmetic products, and essentially everything involved in the life of an average person has to undergo a form of testing before they can be legally stocked on shelves for the public consumers due to the strict enforcements by the FDA. However, with strict ethical laws and religious beliefs surrounding human researching and experimenting, scientists are limited on what they can use to mimic the functions of a human body. This is where animal testing was introduced into the medical and cosmetic field. Animal testing is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek control over variables that affect the body system that is observed. The controversy behind animal testing has generated an animal rights movement between scientists and animal advocates as they fight for the legalization of animal testing and whether animals should have basic rights. Despite the controversy behind animal testing on whether human lives are more important than animal lives, taking the fate of animals into our hands in the name of medical and cosmetic research should be illegal as animals should not have to undergo immense pain only to test out the toxicity of a product when there are alternative ways of testing.

Often times, experimenters seem to fail to acknowledge or even perceive an animal’s pain and suffering. This is because the general public may perceive this acknowledgement as weakness and this could potentially destroy any of a researcher’s future projects. Many animal experiments are conducted on rodents due to their biological and behaviour similarities to humans and because of these similarities rodents replace humans when it comes to more toxic and potentially fatal experiments. Despite their importance towards researching, these animals are often carelessly killed in acute toxicity tests, have cancer induced in them to observe the traits of that specific cancer, and subject these living beings into major surgery without anesthesia. Rather than stopping an experiment at the first sign of pain or providing a life of comfort after distress, researchers seem to merely note the animal’s distress, because they have likely been conditioned to ignore the animal’s fear. By admitting concern to an animal’s distress and pain, it could potentially raise controversy on whether it is ethical to conduct animal experiments. Rather than destroy their future projects, they keep quiet about the abuse the animals go through to seemly protect their reputation.

However, critics argue that without animal testing, the process of testing new products meant for humans would change drastically. Many researchers test new medications and cosmetic products on animals such as rats and chimpanzees, which have a similar DNA profile to humans, to see whether the formula of the new product would potentially be toxic. However, if an animal were to die because of the unforeseen consequences of a drug or product, critics believed it would be justified because the human life is superior to the life of animals. The government requires that a drug or product has proof through testing that it is safe for human consumption and usage. Therefore, many people fail to realize that animal experimentation is not as necessary as believed to be because the government does not prohibit the usage of alternative methods.

Despite what critics say on how product testing would drastically change if animal testing were to be eradicated, animal experimentation is not as significant as one were to believe so. Many test results are actually the product of alternative testing methods, such as computer simulation and testing on the actual human body that has been donated to science. By using animals as a test subject is absurd because animals are not the same as humans despite the genetic similarity. This claim would be supported by scientific results found by the experiment regarding cigarettes and animal reactions. Smoking cigarettes and other uses of tobacco leads to lung cancer in humans. However, in the animal counterpart, cancer did not occur in animal test subjects. If researchers only base their results on animals, there would be a lack of validity on whether lung cancer was caused by tobacco products and thus this prevented measures to be taken to prevent deaths caused by lung cancer. As previously stated animal experimentation has not only made an impact on medical and cosmetic advances, but it also has generated an animal rights movement, in which groups have developed to fight against the misinformation that can cost animals their lives.

The government passed a law called the Animal Welfare Act that set minimal standards for researchers to follow when conducting animal tests, but those standards cover all animals except for mice and rats. In addition, this act only encouraged, but not enforced, using alternatives to animal testing. Although this act was a step towards animal rights, it did not appease activists because they wanted all of animal experimentation to be eradicated. This created groups, such as the Animal Liberation Front and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), as they fought for the end of animal mistreatment and loopholes set by the Animal Welfare Act. With the growing support of these animal activist groups, it shows that there is a growing awareness in the general public towards animal experimentation.

Due to the growing discomfort of using animals for testing, there has been a diminishing support for animal testing in the cosmetic field. Numerous cosmetic companies, including name brands such as Anastasia Beverly Hills and Urban Decay, pledge that all their products are cruelty free. With the growing number of people that stopped supporting animal experimentation, cosmetic companies have developed alternative ways to test out their products without using living animals. Alternative techniques that could be used range from animal or human eye corneas from eye banks, human skin cell cultures grown in laboratories, and computer simulations that can predict the possibility of a reaction to humans. Possible other alternative techniques could be found with more research; however, it would only support the claim that there are other techniques besides animal experimentation that researchers are able to use.

Animal experimentation is one of the most controversial techniques used in both the medical and cosmetic field. Experimenters have possibly been conditioned to ignore animal cries of pain during an experiment because their distress and reaction to a toxicity test are data used to help determine whether the product should be given to humans for further testing. Animals could also undergo a severe surgery but without proper treatment afterwards, often leading to the death of the living being. Animal activist groups have been created due to the mistreatment that animals have received from animal experimentation, and these groups have a common goal to eradicate animal experimentation and setting animals free with basic rights. With the possible growing trend of people opposing the idea of animal experimentation in their everyday products, many cosmetic companies are redefining how they are testing their products without using live animals. Despite the new methods that would reduce, refine, and replace animal experimentation, researchers could still violate the standards set by the Animal Welfare Act and continue animal experimentation. Although in the past, animal lives were taken in the name of medical and cosmetic research, however with the use of alternative methods and a growing awareness towards animal experimentation, they could help eradicate animal testing, thus ending the suffering of animal test subjects.

Did you like this example?

Animal Rights and Experimentation. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Catcher in the Rye Depression

In The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger portrays Holden as a manic-depressive. He alternates between grandiosity and slight consciousness of his growing depression and the despair it causes, Holden slowly deteriorates throughout the course of the novel. Holden has several techniques to cope with his depression. He smokes, drinks, talks to Allie, uses the hunting hat, and mainly, cuts himself off from others, although not literally, both emotionally and physically. They may not be the best ways to cope, as Holden knows, but he finds comfort in these things. This theme flows

Holden uses the words “crazy” or “madman” quite often. At first,he seems to be a normal teenager having issues of identity, and it almost seem like he uses those kinds of words for effect. For example, whenever he says he's crazy, all he means is that he's acting either idiotically, or just out of the ordinary to what he’s used to, but not to describe that he's actually going insane. Another example is when he says he wishes he was dead, it seems at first as if he’s saying it to make his emotions seem as intense to the reader as they are to him. But as the story unfolds, it’s revealed through hints with Holden's words, as well as his body language that he is on the brink of falling apart, and almost sees suicide as “an only way out”.

One of the ways Holden copes is smoking, which he does every time he feels anxious or nervous.. For example, when Sunny, the prostitute, is in his room, he sees her as if she was nervous or anxious. When he offers her a cigarette, he’s aiming at the goal to see if it’ll calm her down, like it calms him down.

Instead of facing his problems, Holden drinks to try and forget about them. This doesn’t affect him in the best way. Holden is seen drinking constantly as a sort of coping mechanism to drown out emotions. Some might think that Holden has an extreme drinking problem, which he does. Almost all of his money is spent at the bars he goes to. And since Holden is a minor and he can’t drink (57), Holden feels as if he’s older or more mature when he does and the feeling satisfies him because he doesn’t want to be seen as a “phony”. Holden frequently states that he usually drinks when he has nothing else to do. He would stay out late drinking out of boredom and loneliness, which is part of what drove him mad.

Holden mentions Allie often when he feels depressed. Allie was everything to Holden. So when Allie died, it affected him more than he realized at the time. Allie’s death caused Holden to not want to connect with people out of fear and anger. He uses Allie as his idea of the perfect person, so whenever he sees something or someone that lacks innocence and integrity, he immediately rejects it and categorizes it as “phony”, which fuels both his loneliness and his depression.

Holden’s red hunting hat is the biggest symbols of him falling into depression (aside from the alienation symbolism). When he buys it in New York after leaving the fencing material on the subway, it shows emotional vulnerability. Despite the embarrassment he feels of wearing it in public (i.e. the train, the bar), the hat plays a key role of the way Holden sees himself. When he puts it on, he can be as ignorant and tough and, most importantly, as independent as he’d like to be, just like Allie and Phoebe. And, as it’s seen some times throughout the book, it drives him mad that everyone, including himself, isn’t as he portrays children, innocent. Later in the novel, not only does it drive him mad, but it depresses him.

Another factor that contributes to this theme is the constant disconnection from other people. It often makes him mad when he talks to people because of their phoniness, yet he’s later depressed with the fact that he’s lonely. Holden often lies to himself to ease the emptiness that he holds from regret. He often regrets not talking to the people he wanted to, which in turn makes him feel worse. Holden encounters a massive drop into his depressive state because of his detachment from society. He has fear of neglect, so he refuses to make any kind of strong connection with almost anyone. Holden’s depression is the end result of his detachment from society since he refuses to build social bonds and prefers to live in the past, with the memory of Allie.

Did you like this example?

Catcher in the Rye Depression. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis

In Kate Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour”, the emotional process of the main character, Mrs. Mallard, is profound as she receives news from her sister, Josephine, that her husband, Mr. Richards, is dead. She receives a false report that her husband died from railway carnage. Approximately an hour later, Mrs. Mallard finds out that her husband is alive. Regardless, Mrs. Mallard first experiences loss and despair in believing that she would live alone. She seeks total isolation in a private room so that she may mourn. When she convinces herself that she may enjoy her new circumstance, her husband appears alive and he, literary, shocks her to death. Therefore, emotions are central to this work and Chopin’s “The Story of an Hour” uses literary devices to accentuate Mrs. Mallard’s emotional journey.

First, Mrs. Mallard is said to have a delicate heart condition and so Josephine delivers the news of death softly because of the degree of distress that Mrs. Mallard could experience would initiate a heart problem.(Chopin 287). The protagonist's ill heart symbolizes trouble in her romance life. In Western culture, which is in the setting of the story, the heart is closely associated with love. The opening sentence records that “Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,” indicating that she faced challenges at her core. In fact, later in the text, the narrator says “And yet she loved him-sometimes. Often she had not” to describe the inconsistent love she has for her partner, Mr. Richards (Chopin 288). Therefore, the ailments in her heart symbolize unease in her love life, which in this case is her affection for Mr. Richards. Furthermore, the unstable love in her marriage is mirrored by the unstable presence of her husband in the story. The audience “meets” him dead, and then witnesses the power of his absence a Mrs. Mallard processes it. After spending most of the story having accepted his death, the audience and the protagonist surprisingly discover that Mr. Richards is alive and well. This discovery shocks the protagonist’s faible heart to death. The symbolic connection between Mrs. Mallard’s cardiovascular illness and her significant other is so strong that it is in the first and last ideas of the story.

The story also features imagery as similes that demonstrate the depth of Mrs. Mallard’s emotions. The image which portrays that Mrs. Mallard is overcome is that she is said to be “as a child who has cried to sleep” (Chopin 288). The illustration of an adult looking childlike to lose composure allows the audience to imagine how helpless she felt without her spouse. Once again, Mrs. Mallard is depicted as weak, but this association also adds the sense that she is so upset that she is feeling incapable and dependent. Furthermore, the phrase “as powerless as her two white slender hands” depicts that she, who holds a station above those who must do physical labor because she has not worked her hands tan and muscular, now feels futile (Chopin 288). Both similes hint that Mrs. Mallard now sees herself as inadequate. The news that her husband is dead has her facing emotions which make her feel diminished. The imagery keenly describes the inner world of Mrs. Mallard with similes.

The way the story is able to reveal the deep emotions is by magnifying information only an omniscient person would have. The story used the third-person view of narration to show that the news affected many characters. The audience must rely on all the information that the narrator provides to understand the story. The narrator describes actions and reasons and carefully gives emotional details. For example, the omniscient voice enables the reader to understand that the accident report saddened everyone, including Josephine because she realized that the message was delicate and required gentleness. Additionally, the third person point of view enabled the writer to explain that Mr. Richards didn’t actually know of the accident which was said to kill him (Chopin 289). Therefore, the omniscient view of narration empowered Chopin to portray the sentiments of multiple characters in the story.

Continuing on the notion of sentiment, the narrator has a sentimental tone to bring the audience closer to what the characters experience. The reader connected to Mrs. Mallard’s disappointments because the author used words and phrases such as 'wild abandonment,' for Mrs. Mallard’s widowhood, 'piercing cry” for Josephine’s shock, and 'storm of grief” instead of just “grief”, to evoke emotional responses from the readers (Chopin 287; 289; 287). The emotional tone enabled the audience to understand the effects of heightened levels of disappointments exhibited in the rendition of the narration.

The story simply does not have much action. Most of the story takes place in the psychology of the main character. Therefore, for “The Story of an Hour” to be memorable, it delivers an impact through the language it uses to appeal to the reader’s feelings. The application of literary devices transforms a tale about a woman who hears bad news, sits alone, and subsequently discovers that the bad news is false into a rich reading worthy of being included in the literary canon. Chopin uses literary devices such as symbolism, imagery, voice, and the narrator's point of view to emphasize the intense emotions Mrs. Mallard feels within a single hour.

Did you like this example?

The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Beowulf and Grendel Comparison

The heroic tale, Beowulf, has withstood the test of time as one of the oldest and most renowned tales of the Anglo-Saxon era. Although ambiguity surrounds its date of creation, it seems to have originated around the late tenth to early eleventh century. Despite having been written in a different time, the unknown authors writing style has stood out, rendering Beowulf an ageless tale. The author utilizes a plethora of literary devices as a means to heighten and dramatize the scenes within. As a result, one is beckoned to the gates of the tale, and once within, readers will find themselves in Scandinavia were the heroic Beowulf of the Geats stands as a protector of Hrothgar from the evil monsters that have terrorized the townsfolk for several years. The author leaves one to ponder whether this story is to be taken at face value as a “good versus evil theme,” or if perhaps the story holds a more profound meaning than what appears on the surface. From the beginning of the poem, the author gives way to a tale that depicts the clash of unspoken Christian and pagan views as not only an external drama of defiance but also as the internal turmoil left to resonate within the reader.

Beowulf’s author employs imagery as well as effective literary devices to shine a light on the evil that lurks within the town, a malevolence which then spawns into psychical embodiment in arguably the most thought-provoking antagonist of the entire poem, Grendel. Grendel’s monstrous presence is unparalleled compared to other poems of the time, and the author employs heavily powerful words to describe him: he is a “fiend out of hell” with “claw-scale and spur” and to add to cryptic nature of his character, his movements are described as one with “swooping” motions or movement. These visions now withstanding, Grendel is not explicitly described one way or another and appears to be an amorphous mixture of what the mind creates, and with this, the author is allowing the reader to conjure up what they feel is fitting for a beast in their mind. With this imagery in place, the author opens with powerful alliteration in the form of consonance with the first line of stanza 88, “Then a powerful demon, a prowler through the dark,” and does this by pairing words like “powerful” and “prowler” along with “demon” and “dark.” The author chose this method as a means to heighten Grendel’s presence. When one envisions a prowler, the offender is slinky, slick and often unseen; but sticking this thought with the word “powerful” makes Grendel all the more dynamic and dominant. The author compellingly evokes Grendel’s “scales,” eerily similar to the serpent in Genesis 3 that leads Adam and Eve to commit the first sin. This seems to be a way to entangle Grendel’s presence in a biblical context and indeed casts him as he truly is- evil.

Interestingly, the author deploys further use of literary devices to describe Grendel and his disdain for spiritual or Christian views. With lines 87 to 88, “…It harrowed him to hear the din of the loud banquet hall…telling with mastery of man’s beginnings…” the author allows the reader to unearth the root of Grendel’s problem- Christianity. In addition, lines 88 to 91 allow the reader to delve deeper into the dark world Grendel embodies and brings to light his true discontent. In this scene, Grendel has such disdain for the towns-people praising the Lord that, in subsequent lines, he attacks those within the mead-hall without warning. The mead hall is symbolic of the triumphs, jubilance, and all things good as it was a commonplace of gathering for the people of the town. The author chooses synonyms of noise such as “din” and “loud,” and, with these redundancies, emphasizes Grendel’s perception of the hall as an abhorrent place. Consonance makes another appearance with “mastery” and “man’s beginnings” as a way to interweave man and Christianity, emphasizing their connection. Since humanity and Christianity are seen as a representative of one another, Grendel, therefore, must represent paganist views as he loathes the sound creeping from the halls. The passage of lines 86 to 98, with phrases such as “the Almighty had made earth…” and “He [God] set the sun and the moon…” sets out to show, not only with grandiose tone, but in magnificent imagery, the contrast between two symbolic views. The author paints Christianity beautifully, speaking of Creation and how the basis of life with the “sun and moon” are made through Him while Grendel is described as a “scaly” outcast, a descendant of Cain, banished by God himself.

Casting Grendel as a descendant of Cain brings Grendel’s character to the forefront of the story and into the reality of the readers world. By portraying the monster in a biblical setting this further proves his ties to paganist views and how his character is symbolic of a more than sinister role only held in regard to the story. In the Book of Genesis, Adam and Eve bore two sons, Cain and Abel. Cain then murders his brother as God preferred Abel’s work over his. The fact that Abel died defenseless parallels Grendel’s actions when he snuck into the mead hall killing the defenseless guardsmen as they slept: “grabbed thirty men from their resting places and rushed to his lair...” (lines 122-123). Being from the linage of Cain, Grendel possesses direct genealogy to the origin of evil, which the author associates with the paganist world surrounding the mead hall. This thought trickles then floods into the story (99-104):

So times were pleasant for the people there

until finally one, a fiend out of hell,

began to work his evil in the world.

Grendel was the name of this grim demon

Caesura is utilized in such a way between “finally one” and “a fiend” as to land on the insidiousness that is lurking in the grass. The authors compelling dynamic of further alliteration with the four words mentioned only adds to the cause. The stanza above starts expansively with the “pleasant” and “people” to only narrow down to the root of evil within the town which is now referred to as “the world.” The stanza seems to have been styled in this fashion to convey Grendel as perhaps not a being confined to a physical form, but a more of a poison that infects those around them. The significance of the last line is perhaps of utmost importance. Grendel’s name is the first word of the last line, and within that stanza, is one of two words capitalized which only adds to the monumental stance as a character. The creature’s monstrous nature is reinforced by ending the same line with the word “demon.” Grendel is named as the demon from which came from hell to spread his evil in this world and to damage any good, or Christian views one may hold.

As a unit, Beowulf has an overall notable struggle with two distinct views of religion taking place with battle after battle between the heroic Beowulf and the monsters within the pages. Throughout the story, Beowulf upholds all good-Christian values as being a selfless leader as he slays the monsters for the greater good of those around him. With Beowulf’s epic battle with Grendel, the author uses phenomenal imagery to depict the scene with lines 816 to 817, “…Sinews split/ and the bone-lapping’s burst.” The alliteration dramatizes the scene with “Sinews split” and then the kenning added to the “bone-lapping’s burst” takes imagery further. To add, the author implores the use of onomatopoeia with the sounds of splitting flesh and bursting bones left to resonate within the reader. With this, Grendel is broken, which personifies the paganist views of the time and leaves one to ponder whether this is the end of paganism and the new beginning for Christianity. Perhaps Christian values and morals are to overtake what has been a long-standing way of life.

Overall, Beowulf, embodies the struggle of the late tenth and early eleventh century with this poem to showcase the religious battle on a grandiose scale for those to ponder and carry within them as this originally was an oral tale told. During the height of this tale, recited as entertainment or perhaps of deeper value, the author utilized an accented meter that emphasized the words and meanings within. While helpful for those reciting it to others, it truly allows the one on the receiving end of the words to be cascaded and immersed in a new world and to apply these thoughts to their own life’s. What the author does not do, is outright describe any of the monsters which allowed the listener to perhaps relate to and morph the antagonists to fit the bad in their lives whether it is a tangible figure or not. Christianity is personified through Beowulf and with this, all of the concepts that religion embodies: goodness, morality, a sense of character, and selflessness. Grendel is symbolic of paganism as he detests any and all things good, and in this case is Christianity.

The clash between Beowulf and Grendel was epic, and although Grendel perished, Beowulf met his demise slaying the last monster. Ironically, Beowulf perishes from the bite of a serpent like dragon by way of poison. Ill thoughts act just as the poison that ended Beowulf did, oftentimes these thoughts are slow and not apparent, but the result is still the same- a bad ending. Perhaps the ongoing battle between religions should not be viewed as a good versus evil, but more of a what is morally right regardless of what one faces. With this tale, the author depicts a battle of epic proportions, but truly, the authors want was for one to internalize and use this story as a bible in of itself. Written as a eulogy to Beowulf, one must heed his tale and realize that temptation is always lurking and regardless of which side you are on, death is just that- the end.

Did you like this example?

Beowulf and Grendel Comparison. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Anglo Saxon Values in Beowulf

Grendel an Anti Hero

Throughout the novel, Grendel criticizes and attacks many Anglo-Saxon values. In some cases, Grendel uses his observations of Hrothgar and his people, and their hypocrisy surrounding their values, as justification for his actions. Grendel attacks the Anglo-Saxon value, boasted by Beowulf, of heroism.

Grendel attacks the Anglo-Saxon value of heroism when he hears the stories told by the Shaper. The intended purpose of the shaper is to inspire Hrothgar and his people through stories about their past. The shaper tells many heroic stories to incite pride in their past and gives meaning to life through connecting their image of themselves to the world around them, creating an allusion of a sort of supremacy. The Shaper is described by Grendel as a falling short of representing the heroic values that the Anglo-Saxons strive for because he requires payment for his stories. His only incentive in creating his artwork is money, therefore he is selfish and the heroic stories have less meaning. The stories told by the shaper are also untruthful and they over glorifying. Some stories about kind, brave kings of Anglo-Saxon history that committed great deeds and acts of kindness are total figments of the Shaper’s imagination or are extremely exaggerated. Most stories about the histories of Anglo-Saxons do not align with Grendel’s recollection of how the events actually took place. Other stories were about Grendel and promoted lies about his background.

“It was a cold-blooded lie that a god had lovingly made the world and set out the sun and moon as lights to land-dwellers, that brothers had fought, that one of the races was saved, the other cursed. Yet he, the old Shaper, might make it true, by the sweetness of his harp, his cunning trickery. It came to me with a fierce jolt that I wanted it. As they did too, though vicious animals, cunning, cracked with theories. I wanted it, yes! Even if I must be the outcast, cursed by the rules of his hideous fable.” (Gardner)

The Shaper tells Hrothgar’s people the story about Cain and Able. Cain killed his brother and was cursed by God, beyond all possible redemption. All of Cain’s descendants are met with the same fate. Grendel is falsely described as a descendant of Cain, therefore he is cursed. Meanwhile, the Shaper spread the claim that Able and the humans were pure and inherently heroic, declaring that the humans are fated to triumph over the beast that is Grendel. Of course, Grendel initially buys into everything that the Shaper says. He begins to accept the fact that he is a monster, but yet knows deep down that all of the details of the Shapers stories have no truth to them. Grendel is left confused because he enjoys the artistic capabilities of the shaper, though can’t help but to think about the true history. Grendel begins reflecting upon the history of the humans, finding them to be extremely violent. According to Grendel, the human’s fights and wars with one another are anything but heroic. Grendel looks down on the humans for what he believed was shameful acts of vengeance and fighting, and is frustrated at their attempts at falsifying history to fit their narrative and values of heroism. Grendel only saw the violence in the human’s behavior and could not connect with the heroic aspects.

Grendel attacks the Anglo-Saxon value of heroism when he reflects upon the need for humans to kill. Hrothgar’s people celebrate killing their enemies as being heroic. Grendel questions this judgement because he is viewed as a monster for killing humans, creating a sort of double standard. Grendel realizes that he kills less humans than the humans do, yet he is condemned for his behavior while humans are rewarded and praised for “bravery”. Grendel views the humans as being more of a monster than he is and believes that killing others does not make a person heroic. Grendel also notes that humans are wasteful and they are killing for the wrong reasons, while he has justification for his own actions. Humans are killing and attacking each other for glory, fame, wealth, gold, greed, etc., a wasteful and unheroic reason to kill others. Meanwhile, Grendel sees himself as being resourceful and thinks his actions are excusable, since he is getting a meal out of humans to satisfy his need to eat.

Grendel attacks the Anglo-Saxon value of heroism when he is challenged by Unferth. Unferth attempts to showcase his bravery and heroism by attempting to provoke a fight with Grendel. Grendel realizes that Unferth is not strong enough to have a chance at a fight.

“It will be sung,” he whispered, then paused again to get wind. “It will be sung year on year and age on age that Unferth went down through the burning lake—” he paused to pant “—and gave his life in battle with the world-rim monster.” He let his cheek fall to the floor and lay panting for a long time, saying nothing. It dawned on me that he was waiting for me to kill him. I did nothing. I sat down and put my elbows on my knees and my chin on my fists and merely watched.” (Gardner)

Grendel takes this as an opportunity to undermine the Anglo-Saxon value of heroism. By refusing to fight Unferth, he is mocking heroism of the Anglo-Saxons. Many of Hrothgar’s people believe that it is heroic to attack and fight Grendel; consequently, Grendel does not want to give them the satisfaction of fighting him. When Grendel rejects Unferth’s requests for a fight he causes him great embarrassment by turning him into a joke and denying him a heroic death. Grendel would not allow Unferth to be given stories by future Shapers in which he is portrayed as a hero. By doing this, Grendel exposes the meaninglessness of their ideas of heroism.

In conclusion, values boasted by Beowulf, such as Heroism, are attacked by Grendel. Grendel attacks heroism in Shaper stories, in human’s crave for blood and war, and in the Anglo-Saxons/Unferth’s belief in fighting (fighting Grendel). Grendel is truly an Anti-Hero.

Did you like this example?

Anglo Saxon Values in Beowulf. (2021, Mar 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/2/

Paper about the Delved Intersectionality

Cite this page

Feminism and Intersectionality

Cite this page

Intersectionality (essay)

Cite this page

Intersectionality to more Completely Understand Discrimination

Cite this page

Activity of People – Human Impact on the Environment

Cite this page

Population Growth: Human Impact on the Environment

Cite this page

Overpopulation: Human Impact on the Environment

Cite this page

Lessening Human Impact on the Environment

Cite this page

Gender Neutrality and Design

Cite this page

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Cite this page

Cultural Language Barriers in Health Care

Cite this page

Central Processing Unit Explained

Cite this page

Immune System and Nutrition

Cite this page

Early Age of Enlightenment

Cite this page

Environmental Impacts of Gold Mining

Cite this page

Contemporary Oral Traditions

Cite this page

AccorHotels and the Digital Transformation

Design Changes:

Leveraging the content:

Roles needed:

References:

Cite this page

Employment in India

Cite this page

Alkaline Phosphatase in Biochemistry Experiment

Cite this page

Gender Equality in the Workplace

Cite this page

Gender Equality in Sports

Nonexistence of Gender Equality in Sports

Social Stigma and Stereotypes

Childhood

Gender Categorized

Mass Media

Playing Professionally

Product Endorsements/Commercials

Game Rules

Cite this page

Cruelty to Animals in Circuses

Cite this page

Prevent Cruelty to Animals

Cite this page

Gun Violence Prevention

Preventing Gun Violence: What causes Gun Violence?

Works Cited

Cite this page

Fahrenheit 451 Literary Analysis

Cite this page

Animal Rights and Experimentation

Cite this page

Catcher in the Rye Depression

Cite this page

The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis

Cite this page

Beowulf and Grendel Comparison

Cite this page

Anglo Saxon Values in Beowulf

Grendel an Anti Hero

Cite this page