Month: March 2021
The Controversial Phenomenon of Globalization
Globalization is the global integration of international commerce, investment, information technology and cultures. Are what government policies designed to open up economics domestically and internationally to boost development in poorer countries and raise living standards for their people that drive globalization. These policies have, however, created an international free market that has mainly benefited multinationals in the Western world to the detriment of smaller companies, cultures and ordinary people.
The controversial phenomenon is globalization, it does not leave many people around the world indifferent. In my view, this means that both positive characteristics outweigh the negative. Unable to overestimate the positive impact of globalization. Globalization of the economy as a whole provides a serious basis for solving universal human problems. In addition, it contributes to international competition, arguing at times that globalization will lead to competition in the prefect. It now leads to new areas of competition and tougher competition in traditional markets. Globalization processes are beneficial in the global economy, especially for consumers, as competition gives them more choices and lower prices. Based on research, globalization simplifies global business management. This is due to the advances in technology, transport, communication, education and trade regulations provided a more then fair environment. This appeals to more people. Participation in international business and international trade. Global managers face many challenges because of high industry competition, good industries need to be able to satisfy and maintain their products. Companies benefit from economies of scale in the company as management costs are reduced. The company must ensure that they can survive in the marketplace. Globalization is a very wide and important debate, and often leads to many discussions about it.
I spent some time researching what it is and how it might affect developed and developing countries. Globalization has many advantages for the world at international level, but it also has a negative effect. Globalization In short, points to the whole effort to make the world community one village. Goods that can now be found only in western countries throughout the world. Now in developed areas, scientific advances and industrial progress in developed countries can benefit from the improvement and growth of their areas. Given the positive attributes of the term and meaning behind globalization, it also has its downside as discussed earlier. Companies and people around the world are involved in the process through investment, outsourced production and international trade. All of these are supported by information technology in order to bring together the economies of different countries. Only through globalization do people, services and goods move around the world freely, in a way that is connected and smooth. Globalization has reduced internal trade, allowing different countries to take advantage of competitive production advantages. This means that if two countries produce the same product but say country D produces the product at a lower cost than country C, country D produces and exports the product to country D as an example. There is no doubt that globalization was good for many developing countries that now have access to our markets and are able to export cheap goods. Globalization has also been good for corporate multinationals and wall streets.But globalization has not been good for working people (blue or white collar) and has led to the continuing deindustrialization of America; free trade is supposed to reduce barriers such as tariffs, value, added taxes, subsides, and other barriers between nations. This is not true. There are still many barriers to free trade.
As though the many benefits Globalization has attributed to the economy, technological advancements, and trade, (ect). Not everyone has showed similar favor in the term globalization, there have even been anti-globalization movements or counter- globalization movements. Participants base their criticism on many topics. One of the popular following is the oppose multinational corporations having unregulated political power. Many anti - globalization activists do not oppose globalization in general and call for a form of global integration that provides better democratic representation, human rights advancement, fair trade and sustainable development and therefore feels that the term ' anti - globalization' is misleading. Supporters believe that, at least in the late 20th century, the ' ruling elites ' sought to exploit the expansion of labor markets for their own sake; this combination of Bretton Woods institutions, states and multinationals was called ' globalization. In response, different social movements emerged to challenge their influence, which were called ' anti-globalization.
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The Controversial Phenomenon of Globalization. (2021, Mar 22).
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The Power of Knowledge in the Giver
In The Giver, the author Lois Lowry illustrates that the most powerful way for a government to control or manipulate its people is by censoring their knowledge which eliminates their ability to question ideas or make their own choices surrounding the information is hidden from them.
Restricting information takes away the power for people to make choices surrounding the knowledge that is taken away from them. After the Giver showed Jonas memories of colors, Jonas realizes, “‘But now that I can see colors, at least sometimes, I was just thinking: what if we could hold up things that were bright red, or bright yellow, and he could choose?’” (123-124). Jonas was marveled at the fact that since he knew what colors were, and could see them, he had a new ability to make choices about certain things based on its color. Since the people in society did not have knowledge of many things, as a result of the government censoring it, these aspects can’t be considered when a choice has to be made. Therefore, having censored ideas that come with important choices or actions, the government can make decisions for the people. Additionally, censoring information also takes away the ability for people to question ideas or the way things happen because people don’t know anything about what is being concealed from them.
At Jonas’ first session with the Giver, who holds memories that are restricted from ordinary community members, he becomes very curious about the past after he was shown a memory of a sled and snow for the first time.These memories no longer exist in their community so Jonas questions, “‘Why don’t we have snow, and sleds, and hills?’ he asked. ‘And when did we, in the past? Did my parents have sleds when they were young? Did you?’” (105). After experiencing all this, Jonas starts to question the things surrounding the idea of sleds and snow. Without having access to these memories, Jonas wouldn’t have been able to question the past because he knew nothing about it. The people in Jonas’ society have no ability to question about the information that is hidden from them because it is not within their own mental capacity. With control over what society knows and doesn't know, the government can easily have a strong grip over its citizens, able to them what to do, and because they can’t question anything about it they are obedient.
Governments can control its people by censoring information from them which takes away their ability to question things or make choices because knowledge of certain ideas are being hidden from them.
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Types of the Movies and Books that i Like
1) Use of detailed description - I find that when reading, I like it to feel colorful as if I am watching something where intricate design is used, which I can envision from the pages. This is very important to me, as it is also how I strive to write my material as well as a main concept I use for determining what I feel is good writing in a book. There is nothing better than reading on and finding immense connection and relatability with the story from the in-depth detail of the characters and surroundings. I like there to be details which draw connections in movies as well, however I feel it is more important in books as every element has to be read by the words instead of images on screen.
2) The character development - The connection I can make with at least a single character in a book is all that is needed for me to desire the rest of the story. I find this is a possibility when the author crafts the characters well enough to find commonalities with myself. When I am reading, I picture things occurring with myself in the shoes of a character and I feel more invested with these particular stories; which is different from when I am watching a movie, it seems more like I am just watching a story play out and I only feel invested when I find empathy with a character. This is why the characters basically have to be strong enough to feel real for me to even care about in the first place.
3) Realistic plot - When reading books verses watching a movie, I care much more about the plot than I do with those of movies. I also do not feel it necessary for a movie plot to be entirely realistic, however I am more critical than most about concepts being seemingly irrational. However, I could watch a movie about anything if the acting is top-notch, since I feel that trumps a nonsensical plot, with an example being Scott Pilgrim vs. the World directed by Edgar Wright. With books the plot is very important, as I would not just read anything. I mostly enjoy reading a book I can learn something from, such as non-fiction or a period piece. However, like with the other reasons I stated it is important for it to be believable and something that could actually happen. The worst thing for me is when I am actually getting into a book and author throws in something ridiculous like time travel or some other sci-fi concept that totally makes the story far-fetched. I think the best types of books I could read would be drama or mystery genera. An example of something I like is a novel called The Holy Thief by William Ryan. It is very suspenseful and centered around a gruesome murder in Moscow in the 1930's of Soviet Russia. I like the elaborate description highlighting that time period, as it is educational in the way of portraying how society was then and there. It heavily encompasses underground crime and investigatory mystery. I do not like crime TV shows, but this book relays a heightened mood than that of the often drab and somber TV shows.
What is important to me regarding movies are....
1) Unpredictable plot - I enjoy watching an engaging and well directed movie that delivers something unexpected in the storyline. I dislike movies that are predictable and that have no surprise elements to them - such as a minimal conflict where everyone goes and lives happily ever after... blah... blah... blah. The best is where the plot jumps around and gives you an opportunity to think about what is happening and leave you shocked by twists with unpredictable dynamics that add more depth to picture itself. Shifts in the narrative of the story keep my attention and deliver an element of surprises, which I have always enjoyed and appreciated - Good examples I could share are Wes Anderson films, as there is seemingly no way to know what is going to happen next in his movies. This correlates to my perception of a good book as well, being as I like a solid mystery. A mystery is very uninteresting if you know or can tell what is going to happen.
2) The mood - The mood is very important to me and is something much separate than the setting of a movie. The mood is the emotion that is rendered from watching the film, as in a good movie it can be something very powerful. I like a movie that sticks to a witty-humorous charm that can even be delivered in subtle ways rather than 'in your face' scenes. Some movies aim for a nostalgic and inspirational feeling, but the best movies don't rely on it by over saturating the screen with those elements. I like this when the atmosphere is captured by the particular music, styles, colors, lighting, and most importantly character mannerisms/actions which give off a strong perceived state of mind for me the viewer. These are usually dramas, which can deliver a heart-wrenching feeling by your empathy for the characters involved, especially with a compelling performance. Also thriller type or horror movies, when well acted can convey strong emotions of fear suspense that involve your mind participating in the frightful elements affecting the characters - A good example of this for me would be Nocturnal Animals directed by Tom Ford. I also appreciate books that deliver emotion, even though it is less triggering for me, since I feel more 'in the moment' when watching a film, but it is just as impactful to me when I am invested in a book. I basically want to feel some sort of emotion from watching a movie or reading a book.
3) Strong acting - I have some favorite actors and directors that I can often depend on to give a great performance in a movie. The magnitude and persuasiveness of the acting is a big deal to me, as I have a hard time watching really anything with actors who annoy me or are all around not very convincing with their character. The best movies are those were you can almost forget you are watching a movie from the effective performances on screen. For that reason, I have a hard time watching anything animated or with heavy computer generated imagery (CGI) since it doesn't convince me - Something like Transformers, Marvel, or these newer Disney movies comes to mind. I believe this translates to books as well with me favoring well-rounded characters and dislike ideas that seem too far-fetched.
I really only have one example of a book, as that is really all I have read recently that would pertain to this discussion. If anyone has recommendations of books who maybe has similar ideas of what constitutes a good book, please let me know.
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Types of the Movies and Books that I Like. (2021, Mar 22).
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https://studydriver.com/2021/03/page/13/
Nonverbal Communication: Gestures, Body Language and Appearance
I will be looking at nonverbal communication. I am looking into it because nonverbal communication happens on a daily basis in many different places. There are many times where anyone who is using nonverbal communication can be at fault or have to face consequences by other who are offended by using it. However, as you may already know, there are different scenarios where nonverbal communication can have a positive and /or negative outcome. Such as where nonverbal communication is used with Gestures, body language, or even just Appearances. On the other hand, there are also different times where using nonverbal communication is not something you should be afraid to use when the person who used it does not have to worry about being responsible for the misinterpretation or the consequences led from it. That is what I will be explaining in this paper and how Gestures, Body Language, and Appearance can all fit into non verbal communication. I will also be explaining how using nonverbal communication can be misinterpreted in many different ways.
The first scenario where you use certain gestures and are not responsible for the misinterpretation falls into the category of “Kinesics”. This is the study of how we use body movement and facial expressions. Today many of interpret a great deal of non verbal communication through body movement, facial expressions, and eye contact. Many people assume they can easily interpret the meanings through body movements and facial expression in others but the reality of it is, it is almost impossible to determine an exact meaning for gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. Which is why it is misinterpreted by others because other think they know what the meaning behind it or the message someone is trying to give, which is often misinterpreted. For example, using gestures is usually pairing verbal communication but without actually speaking out loud. Kinesics can interpret and express different meaning such as communicate liking, social status, and even relational responsiveness. For example, as it is stated in the book, imagine yourself at a party and you see someone across the room you are attracted to.What sort of nonverbal behaviors do you engage in to letting that person know? This is where the group communication category falls into. There are different types of groups, the group that falls into this category of group communication is a Primary group. Primary groups are ones we form to help us realize our human needs like inclusion and affection. It is generally formed to help us meet our fundamental needs as relational beings like acceptance, love, and affection. Body Language is another example of using nonverbal communication that is often misinterpreted, especially in sports like events. Body language is the transmission of subconscious thoughts exhibited through your body and physical movements, rather then through words. Body language is very powerful, and will often send a stronger message than any words. Their are at least three challenges with body language. The first is that a so called “Speaker” will send body language messages that contradict their verbal communication.
The second challenge is the listeners often misinterpret what was once considered body language clues. For example, as it is stated in the article from ProQuest, “Don’t be fooled by body language: Misinterpretation of nonverbal communication can ruin relationships”. “The traditional crossed arms used to be seen as an indication a person was being defensive to the ideas being presented.” As you may already know, the “crossed arms” on chest is universal and is decoded with the same defensive or negative meaning almost everywhere and can be a disruptive thing to do. It is commonly seen among strangers in public meetings, in queues or restaurant lines, elevators, classroom environments or anywhere that people feel uncertain or insecure. A third challenge is that body language today is now being weaponized or miscommunicated through social media. For instance as it is also stated in the article from ProQuest “Don’t be fooled by body language: Misinterpretation of nonverbal communication can ruin relationships”. It states that “ a downcast face misconstrued as negative, or a fashion statement perceived as inappropriate, is then used as a spear to attack the person through various media strategies”. Which this action, along with the language that is being used reaches the level of incivility a whole new message, and can be difficult to deal with many others. It cause others to feel insecure or shameful because of the critics through social media that misinterpret what was being shown such as viewing the fashion statement wrong or criticizing women for social a little bit of cleavage. As I have already discussed gestures and body language and how its use can often be misinterpreted. I've come to explain how Appearance can also convey a misinterpreted or negative message towards others.
Your choice of color, clothing, or hairstyle can all sometimes have a negative affect on others. For example, as you may already know, today there is violence that has to do with gangs such as, the “South” and “North” side. Some schools have adopted to is having a well-defined dress code that prohibits students from wearing gang-related clothing. For that reason is because some schools have had some difficulty in controlling such dress codes, some gang-related clothing is easily recognized or misunderstood. For example as it is stated in “Gangs: A Reference Handbook”, it stated that “wearing red or blue may signify membership in the bloods (red) or Crips (Blue). Students wearing bandannas or baseball caps may also be misinterpreted by also being members of “gangs” and that they are advertising their membership; for example, in some areas, wearing a Duke University baseball cap signifies membership in the Folk Nation gang.” However, people often misinterpret it, some may do it to cause violence or to show greater power in a particular gang but many do not do it for those reasons and that is why it is misinterpreted and it comes along the lines where if that were to happen, you would not be the one at fault for the misinterpretation.
I’ve discussed the different theories of using nonverbal communication and how it is often misinterpreted by your surroundings and you not being at fault for it.
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Nonverbal Communication: Gestures, Body Language And Appearance. (2021, Mar 22).
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The Internet of Things: the Future of Education
Introduction
The internet has almost complete control over everything in today's world. Over the last few years, the internet has connected billions of devices with new ones being connected each and every day (Khan, Khan, Zaheer, & Khan, 2012). Upwards of 2 billion people use the internet for everyday tasks and communication (Miorandi, Sicari, De Pellegrini, & Chlamtac, 2012). As the internet expands new ideas come from it. An idea that will be analyzed in this paper is the Internet of Things (IoT). The Internet of Things is a network of interconnected everyday objects that are equipped with ubiquitous intelligence (Xia, Yang, Wang, & Vinel, 2012). As society becomes more developed with the rise of technology, the internet of things is becoming more integrated into our world. Many common things such as refrigerators and home appliances are being connected through the internet of things and becoming interconnected. A very important aspect of the internet of things is how it can be incorporated into the school system and how it can affect education.
Studies show that the IoT, when incorporated into education “will provide a more appealing, flexible, engaging, and quantifiable system of education that fulfills the different needs of a vast number of students. (Gul, Asif, Ahmad, Yasir, Majid, & Malik, 2017). The IoT connects everything through sensors, QR codes, and real time positioning to operate. (Nie, 2013). The stimulus article “Extra Sensory Perception” explains the uses of these sensors and how they can be implemented into everyday objects and even into whole buildings through the IoT (Dublon, & Paradiso, 2014). The information gathered by these sensors all come together for improved management of buildings, campuses, and possibly even cities. The IoT has not been implemented into society enough for longitudinal studies pertaining its effectiveness to be done. The perception that students and their teachers have on these up and coming technologies have not yet been collected.
The perception that the students have on the IoT and how it is implemented into education is extremely important because the incorporation of smart technology in the classroom is mainly for the purpose of improving the educational system and the satisfaction of students and teachers. The stimulus article “Through the Looking Glass” analyzes perception. The excerpt from this novel focuses on the mind of a little girl and her perception of the things going on around her. The Internet of Things should improve students perception of school and the educational system as a whole. The IoT will improve the educational system and society as a whole. The IoT aims to make the internet even more immersive and effective to support this improvement of society (Zanella, Bui, Castellani, Vangelista, & Zorzi, 2014).
Literature Review
The Internet of Things is composed of several interconnected devices which gather information by the means of sensor and data collection technology that collect data and transmit it to other recessing devices for “interpretation and decision making” (Gul, et. al, p.159). The expected growth of IoT connections is expected to grow to around 27 billion devices in 2025 (Gul, et. al, p.159). The IoT has a significant economic impact on society as well. The whole annual economic impact of the Internet of Things is projected to be around 2.7-6.2 trillion dollars per year by 2025 (Al-Fuqaha, Guizani, Mohammadi, & Ayyash, 2015). The IoT has many impacts on society but the impact it has on education is very important. The IoT can improve the educational systems through the development of smart environments and smart campuses. A smart environment is one that can gather information about the environment around it to improve itself and improve the experience in that environment (Gul, et. al, p.161).
Application of IoT in Education
The “Smart Campus” and “Smart Classroom” are both future developments of the IoT that will improve the quality of education and reduce the amount of time wasted in the classroom. Studies show that average American students spend 1025 hours in a classroom per year. More than 308 of the 1025 hours are spent on wasteful tasks such as the distribution of materials, classroom antics, and time spent taking attendance. According to Gul, 1 out of every 5 minutes in the classroom is wasted on jobs that become more efficient with the IoT. With the reduction of time wasted, the implementation of the IoT into classrooms can increase the amount of time that is used to track students progression and their grasping of course materials. (Gul, et. al, p.163-164).
The Smart Campus
The Smart Campus is composed of multiple “smart things” in a single campus to improve the quality of education and the lives of students and teachers. The Smart Campus can be composed of many things that can improve the educational system such as smart IoT based classrooms, smart e-learning applications, and IoT sensors for in class procedures. The Smart Campus also includes things outside of education such as smart parking, smart inventory, smart tracking and management of students, and smart lighting. (Gul, et. al, p. 161). Within the Smart Campus is the Smart Classroom. The Smart Classroom helps to “provide a better learning and teaching environment” and aims to be more efficient, more effective, and less time consuming. (Gul, et. al, p.162). Smart Classroom management is one of the key components as to why the Smart Classroom is so effective. The use of Smart Classroom Management changes the approach a teacher uses to manage their classrooms.
Smart devices within the Smart Classroom make it possible for teachers to analyze the effectiveness of their teaching. Through the use of sensors and IoT technology, the level of concentration and interest level of students can be monitored. With this the teacher would be able to change their teaching style to engage the students more. The teacher can see if he/she needs to speak louder or just be more interesting in order grasp the students attention (Gul, et. al, p.162). One very interesting use of the IoT in schooling is a device used to teach the English language. This interactive device uses voice and visual sensors to correct the shape of the English learners mouths when pronouncing words.
This device can significantly improve literacy rates and can make learning English significantly easier (Gul, et. al, p.160). Other commonly used IoT devices in the smart classroom include interactive whiteboards, tablets and mobile devices, 3D printers, Ebooks, Student identification cards, Temperature sensors, security cameras and video, wireless door locks, and attendance tracking systems (Gul, et. al, p.162).
In the Smart Campus, students would have Identification cards equipped with RFID tags that can be automatically scanned when they are on Campus. Smart classroom attendance systems take advantage of this to make attendance extremely easy for teachers. When a students walks into the classroom their ID code is automatically scanned and marked in the attendance system. Other Smart Management applications in energy consumption and teaching management are also important to the Smart Campus model. Lighting and parking are two developments that can improve the quality of the Smart Campus. Intelligent Lights would be able to turn off when nobody is around to save energy.
Smart parking would make the parking experience of students and teachers much easier by having parking spaces planned out and being able to guide cars into specific parking spaces for efficient arrival and departure to the campus. (Nie, p.1577). The smart Campus can improve school security and prevent emergencies. Wireless identifiable devices can be used to improve safety in schools. Environmental surveillance can detect any imminent danger around the Smart Campus such as natural disasters and pollution. Personnel surveillance can detect the safety of building equipment, theft, and identity security. Building monitoring systems can detect water leaks, gas leaks, fire, vandalism, and even unauthorized entrance into the Smart Campus. The detection of unauthorized entrances can increase the safety of the school and prevent attacks and school shootings (Sundmaeker, Guilleman,Friess, & Woelffl©, 2010).
Challenges of the IoT in Education
Although Smart Campus’ and Smart Classrooms can improve the educational system, there are some negative implications to the incorporation of the IoT into the school system. Some challenges include network issues, security, privacy, management, cost of equipment, standardization, reliability, trust, and availability (Al-Fuqaha, et. al, p.2362). The challenges can all be decreased over time but since the IoT has not yet been fully incorporated into the educational system, the challenges are still very real and dangerous. Security and Privacy is a very important issue because the IoT stores all of its information onto one cloud of connected devices. If a security breach were to occur, confidential files pertaining medical records and private information about students and faculty could be in jeopardy. Breaches of sensors can also intrude on the privacy of students and faculty within the building. If not secured, the whole system of connected devices could endanger the people that are monitored in that system.(Gul, et. al, p.163).
The cost of equipment can also prevent many schools from implementing the IoT and Smart Classrooms in their schools. (Gul, et. al, p.163)The smart Campus requires multiple costly devices that without the proper funding, many schools cannot afford. Management of the IoT devices into the school system can also be a challenged. Without the right management, the IT equipment and teaching staff would not be able to support the use of the IoT on their campus (Gul, et. al, p.163). The standardization of the IoT is also a significant challenge because the implementation of the IoT into schools worldwide would be extremely difficult. The lack of trust that many people have with the internet is one of the main reasons why it would be so difficult (Khan, et. al, p.260). Over time, these challenges will be resolved and the IoT will be implemented into the educational system. The IoT is so new that, society is fighting these challenges as the IoT becomes more common in society and people become more reliant on its presence for everyday tasks.
Discussion
The research for the IoT in education specifically is mainly focused on future applications and how they could be implemented into the school system. Since the IoT is very new, the research that has been done is mostly about the future. When the IoT becomes more common and is used in more areas, the research would be more about the advantages and disadvantages of the IoT and how it has changed education. As of 2018 there is very little actual incorporation of the IoT into the educational system which is the reason as to why the main body of research on the topic is future developments not based on actual data and trials.
Gaps and Limitations
The main limitation on the research of the topic of the Internet of Things in Education is that there is very little usage of the IoT in schools today. There have been no longitudinal studies of the effects that the IoT has on education, therefore one cannot predict if it will be completely positive or completely negative. In 10 years the IoT will be incorporated more into the school system
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The Internet of Things: The Future of Education . (2021, Mar 22).
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The Impact of Brexit
The UK Government formally announced the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU) in March 2017 which was followed by a referendum that took place on 23rd June 2016 in which 52% casted their vote to leave and 48% casted their vote to stay. With this the beginning of the Brexit process started; meaning “British” and “exit” (Emerson et al., 2017).
However, the Brexit negotiations period was extended until 31st January 2020. The transition period has started on 31 January 2020, when the United Kingdom is no longer European Union member and its planned to finish until 31 December 2020. During this period, both parties will negotiate a good partnership for the future, in this period business will continue as usual for individuals, consumers, students, in Europe and the United Kingdom. However the UK will not participate in decision-making in Europe Union, but some processes will remain as agreed in the single market with all policies applied; also the United Kingdom must continuing contributing to the Unions budget covering this period (Transition period, 2020).
Overall economic and business implications of Brexit for EU trade as a whole
Brexit is likely to impact British and European firms organizationally which will affect many decisions, investments in the UK and their structures. There might be many unsettling after-effects of Brexit resulting in difficulties in adapting their organizational structure including business areas and business units. Brexit will create barriers to trade which will result both British and European firms to find coordination costs increase between their headquarters and local branches, and between units in the UK and the EU.
UK multinationals, like Vodafone, BAE, BT, Rio Tinto and Shell, after estimating advantages and disadvantages of the uncertainty it would cause did not support the UK to leave EU. In addition to it, 60% of the Institute of Directors and EEF memberships supported the staying of UK with EU. The most defender for the withdrawal of Brexit was the banking sector. Banks like The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc, HSBC, JP Morgan and Deutsche were aware of the potential damage that Brexit can cause to the economy which might end up being a threat in the banks’ domicile.
To stimulate the impact of Brexit on both the UK and the 27 European Union countries (EU27) there have been a number of model-based attempts from official sources like Netherlands Central Planning Bureau, OECD, UK Treasury and from few independent academic institutions such as Open Europe in London, London School of Economics, IFO in Munich. The economic impacts are much higher for the UK as compared to the EU27 since the UK trade with the EU27 is a much bigger fraction of the UK’s GDP than that of the EU27. It does not mean that there will be no economic impacts of Brexit on the EU27.
These model-based simulations have quite similar hypothesis in that they have simulated 3 range of scenarios. The first one being called as optimistic which means that there is a small increase in trade barriers between the UK and the EU27, the second one being called as pessimistic which means that is a large increase in trade barriers between the two parties and the third one being called as central between the polar cases. In several cases the optimistic scenario assumes that the UK would enjoy a government close to that as member of the European Economic Area like Norway. It is usually assumed by the pessimistic scenario that the trading relationship between the EU27 and UK is reduced to the terms of their World Trade Organization (WTO) membership, with tariffs introduced at Most Favoured Nation (m.n.f.) rates.
The focus of most models is the impact of Brexit on GDP and trade flows. For instance, a fall of the EU27’s export to the UK of 30% and for UK’s export to the EU27 of 22% is estimated by Lawless and Morgenroth (2016) considering only the introduction of WTO m.f.n. tariffs. Ireland and Belgium are estimated to have a much larger impact of Brexit. As per the results combined over the whole decade until 2030, for the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios on average there are losses of 0.11 to 0.52% respectively on GDP for the EU27. This means that the impacts would be insignificant and hardly noticeable for the whole EU27 economy if they were spread evenly over these years (Europarl.europa.eu,2020).
Trade-in goods and services
A trade deal is scheduled by the end of 2020, deciding the future relationship with the UK. This deal must be fair to both parties once a considerable number in trade business every year.
In 2018 the EU exported 54% of all the UK imports, trade goods and services were valued £357 billion, 48% of services of The UK were imported from EU27.
The major products exported to Great Britain include medicinal and pharmaceutical products worth £18 billion at and electrical machinery valued at £11 billion (UK trade in numbers, 2020).
Related to services exported; travel has the most significant participation during this period, this kind of services include, restaurants, hotels, travel agencies, tour operations and airline companies. Spain was the largest source of travel services, followed by France (UK trade in numbers, 2020).
Services exports to the United Kingdom, 2018
EU budget contributions
The UK contribution to the 2019 EU budget has been estimated by € 7,95 billion, to fill the gap, the European Commission is planning to reduce regional spending of up to 30% (Henden, 2019).
In the speech of 17th January Prime Minister May said that the UK will not have to contribute huge sums to the EU market as it will be no longer members of the single market. The EU is likely to face a €9 billion ‘hole’ in its annual budget with UK’s withdrawal, being the estimated amount of the UK’s net contributions at the present time. The contribution that Norway makes would be one reference amount if the EU demands a contribution as a condition for a CFTA (Continental free trade agreement). This gives about €3.5 billion since UK will not be a member of the single market like Norway in the European Economic Area and this might be considered the outer limit or beyond for the UK. If on the other hand the UK has simply a WTO (World Trade Organization)-based relationship with EU and there is no CFTA, then with an estimation of roughly €4.5 billion of the EU budget would receive additional tariff revenues. Interestingly this amount is almost similar to the above mentioned ‘Norway-based’ calculation. Hence, the EU would recuperate, in both cases, around a third to half of its loss of UK contributions. But there also emerges the issue of ‘legacy costs’ of the divorce. Including the European Commission, there has been considerable mention of this by the public, with figures in the range of €20-40 billion sometimes cited. However, there has been no definition so far of what such costs would consist of, beyond for example remarks about the payment only after its withdrawal which were commitments made before the UK’s withdrawal, and about pension liabilities for retired EU staff. There has been so far no listing of the EU’s assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities such as loan guarantees, nor explanation of the legal basis for this or that claim that the EU might make.
Fisheries
The Withdrawal Agreement states Great Britain become an independent coastal state and takes total control of fish stocks, also prohibiting access to fish and boats will not have the automatic right to enter in the UK zone. The EU members most impacted are Ireland, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, France and the Netherlands. A legal agreement is being put in place to allow both parties to have access to each other's vessels (Department of Agriculture, 2019).
Other services
Across the Irish-UK market there is a very close integration of business and enterprises commercially. This is leading Ireland’s unique exposure to Brexit which is impacting on EU business. Countries like Ireland depends highly on exports to the UK. In addition to it, following the end of the Brexit transition period, US business should consider the potential for double tariffs on the products that are exported to the UK and then re-exported to the EU27 as US business maintains a European distribution centre in the UK. Such products on entry into UK are likely to face tariffs and then under the EU customs union further tariffs on re-export to the EU27. After the end of the Brexit transition period, in relation to services, non-EU business who for the purpose of EU Single market rules used to take advantage of UK subsidiaries or establishment will no longer be able to rely on a UK regulatory authorisation as a basis for passporting of such services into the EU27. The flow of goods into and out of the UK will be affected due to the blockages at EU ports after the Brexit transition period, with 50% to 85% of HGVs likely to be not ready for requirements as per French customs. For goods leaving the UK there can be a delay of up to two-and-a-half days could occur.
Economic implications of Brexit for the UK
One of the uncertainties expected for the coming years with the Brexit agreement is the damage that could be caused to the UK's economic growth.
Data from 2015 show that the UK grew 2.4% and in 2018 only 1.5% already with the issue of Brexit close to the agreement. There is an estimated growth margin of 6.7% for the next 15 years, depending on how the trade agreement between the European Union will be.
In the last few months the pound has been falling, today (02/29/2020) quoted $ 1.28 against the dollar, on the day of the referendum it was quoted at $ 1.48, both exports and imports may be hindered in the future.
Economic modelling studies show that the more barriers to trade with the European Union, the greater the impact on the UK economy. Exports would have a high cost, products would become more expensive in the European Union, hurting UK exporters. In the case of imports would also suffer increases to the United Kingdom, one-third of its products are imported from the European Union, this can cause inflation in its economy.
A very important point to be considered may be the disadvantage of not having the cutting-edge technologies granted by the European Union, which has a very strong work for research and development of energy and help in the environment.
Questions yet to be decided about the agreement are how would the procurement contracts in Europe be, companies in the United Kingdom may lose these disputes and a big loss would be in the banking sector where it has a strong presence, mainly for London.
An important fact that may change in the future is about the entry of international companies in Europe through London, since London is considered to be their gateway to the English language, these companies could use Dublin for example, to do their business on the Europe
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What could Cause a Sedentary Lifestyle
Introduction
Many Americans repeat the same cycle each day: wake up, drive a long commute to work, sit at a desk for 8 hours, drive back home, eat dinner at the table, watch TV for a few hours, then go to bed and wake up the next morning. While this might seem like a normal day in the life of a working adult, the fact of the matter is that it is, and it involves an alarming amount of time sitting. Excessive sitting – coined the “sitting disease” by professionals - has consequences for chronic diseases and injuries such as an increased risk for heart disease, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancers, depression, osteoporosis, and back and musculoskeletal pains (Levine, 2015). Just a simple Google search on excessive sitting will say that “sitting is killing” and that “sitting is the new smoking” (Fiorenzi, 2018). While there are many articles that exist to argue that sitting is not the new smoking, this catchy phrase still gives an indication of just how harmful excessive sitting can be. In fact, “sitting is the most common sedentary behavior of adults,” with more than half of the day spent sitting for most adults (Thorp et al., 2012).
Correlation
Even more alarming than sitting itself is that any amount of physical activity – even meeting the recommended physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes per week of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous physical activity (American Heart Association, 2018) – will not undo the harmful effects of excessive sitting. In Too Little Exercise and Too Much Sitting: Inactivity Physiology and the Need for New Recommendations on Sedentary Behavior, Hamilton et al. (2008) state that “sitting too much is not the same as lack of exercise” (p. 4) and that it results in different metabolic consequences. Dr. Brian Liem, MD from the University of Washington Sports Medicine, adds that “a lifestyle of prolonged sitting is distinctly different from a lifestyle absent of routine exercise” (Sharifi, 2018). To put in context, heart disease is consistently the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States, with approximately 610,000 people expected to die each year (CDC, 2017). Wendell Taylor (2011) of Prolonged Sitting and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality indicates that even in the most physically active individuals, “there is a strong association between sitting and CVD mortality” (p. 351). Therefore, it goes to show that sitting can harmfully effect anyone – active or not.
In a large cohort study of 123,000 individuals by the American Cancer Society, it was found that women who sat more than 6 hours per day had a 40% higher all-cause death rate compared to women who sat less than 3 hours per day (Bushman, 2014), and for men, a 20% higher all-cause death rate of those who sat more than 6 hours per day compared to those who sat less than 3 hours (Bushman, 2014). Additionally, those who sat more and were less physically active had an increased death rate of 94% for women and 48% for men (Bushman, 2014). While physical activity doesn’t necessarily reduce the harmful effects of sitting, it does reduce the risk of death by a significant percentage.
Active individuals who meet the recommended physical activity guidelines but still live a sedentary lifestyle have been labeled by professionals as active couch potatoes. Dr. Elliot O’Connor, a Physical Therapist from the University of Washington Sports Medicine, states that “you can’t undo eight plus hours of sitting with a workout” (Sharifi, 2018). Hence, being physically active, but still sitting far too long. When thinking of a population that is at major risk for sitting hours on end each day, it comes as no surprise that working adults – particularly those working at sedentary desk jobs – are at a higher risk for sitting disease than any other population. As many adults spend nearly one-third of their adult life working, it also goes to prove that the workplace is a great place to target for an intervention (Bushman, 2014).
Reasons
With advancements in technology in recent years, many Americans have switched from manual labor jobs to sedentary desk jobs. In fact, even the overall lifestyle of Americans has switched from active to sedentary. Instead of going to the grocery store and walking through the aisles, customers can now shop online and pick up their food to-go without even stepping foot in the grocery; retailers such as Amazon can have items delivered to a doorstep faster than taking a physical trip to the store; and more people spend their leisure time behind a screen – whether it be watching TV, on a computer, or scrolling through a phone – than ever before. There are drive-thrus and apps to have food delivered straight to your doorstep, you can stream movies on your TV instead of going to the movie theater physically, and you can even pay an Uber or Lyft a few bucks just to avoid walking a few blocks. For individuals who aren’t concerned about their health, it is easier and more enticing than ever to remain sedentary. It comes as no surprise that the rates of obesity and overweight individuals are also at their highest, with over 2/3 of Americans being overweight or obese (CDC, 2016). Sitting has many risk factors and with obesity being one of them, it can be inferred that the ease of having a sedentary lifestyle could be influencing these statistics.
Results
The study of sitting in the workplace dates back to the early 1950s when Dr. Jerry Morris found that London bus drivers and mail sorters had higher rates of cardiovascular events than ticket collectors and postal workers (Marshall & Gyi, 2010). Bus drivers and mail sorters tend to have more sedentary jobs compared to ticket collectors and postal workers, which could be the reason that they had a higher risk of cardiovascular events (Marshall & Gyi, 2010). Since most people spend the majority of their life working and many people now at sedentary desk jobs, the workplace is a great place to address sitting disease. In a study of 21 office-based workers in the United States, it was found that sedentary time was significantly higher on work days compared to non-work days, with no difference in the amount of physical activity (Thorp et al., 2012) In addition, the proportion of time spent in prolonged sedentary bouts was significantly higher on work days than non-work days, with workers spending 77.0% of their work day – or 6.6 hours – sedentary (Thorp et al., 2012). The American Cancer Society (2018) identifies prolonged sitting as sitting in bouts of more than 6 hours. With the Thorp et al. study indicating that most workers spent 6.6 hours of their workday sedentary, it can be concluded that most people sit more than the prolonged sitting definition of 6 hours just at work alone. Since physical inactivity and sitting too much result in different ailments, it is important to realize that even the slightest changes such as transitioning posture, for example, from sitting to standing, as recommended by Occupational Health and Safety Guidelines, are effective with helping to combat sitting disease (Thorp et al., 2012).
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Observed Nonverbal Communication in the Elderly
When my group was first formed, and the topic of serving the elderly came up in conversation, I wasn’t the most excited. I’ve had a lot of negative experiences, but when I thought of complaining, a 1981 Shel Silverstein poem came to mind.
Said the little boy, 'Sometimes I drop my spoon.'/Said the old man, 'I do that too.'
The little boy whispered, 'I wet my pants.'/'I do that too,' laughed the little old man.
Said the little boy, 'I often cry.'/The old man nodded, 'So do I.'/'But worst of all,' said the boy, 'it seems/Grown-ups don't pay attention to me.'/And he felt the warmth of a wrinkled old hand./'I know what you mean,' said the little old man (95).
Growing up can really be a sobering experience, even in the most innocuous ways. When one realizes that they are no longer the little boy and inching closer and closer to the grown-ups in this poem, it can make them stop and take stock of their life. I didn’t want to grow up in this sense. Being cavalier about other people’s experiences and needs was always something mean adults would do. I also reflected on the fact that a situation like the residents’ would likely be my future being elderly, somewhat lonely, and unable to do things I wanted to. This recognition sparked a commitment to this project as well as a mind searching for ways to be empathetic towards those I worked with. I went into my sessions at the care centers reminding myself that the hours I was giving up would mean so much to them.
Literature Review
The topic of verbal and nonverbal communication among the elderly is understandably most researched in the context of caretakers, families and the patients. The articles that focused more on the social interactions with peers and families were more applicable to this project.
One such study was more elderly-person based. In their Clinical Interventions with Aging article, McDowell and McDowell found sufficient data to support the idea that loss of communication in the elderly population was a “severe social and health issue” (McDowell and McDowell, pg. 159, 1998), especially when it came to hearing loss and the subsequent consequences for the effected people. Changes in communication style and ability, both for oneself and those they interact with can be difficult for anyone. However, cognitive ability, processing speed, and memory are all common among the elderly and make learning more difficult (Herada, et. al, 2013). This means that even though deafness doesn’t automatically sentence a person to a lifetime of loneliness and isolation, as some people might erroneously think. However, a situation where communication becomes significantly more difficult, in an age range where adapting to change is difficult can make communication nearly impossible.
Method
For our service learning project, we decided to serve those outside of our own age demographic. We spent some time volunteering at Golden Skyline Assisted Living. Due to scheduling conflicts and an influx of volunteers, they couldn’t accommodate our group coming there more than twice. Our group decided to outsource and volunteer at supplementary places half of our group helped other homes for the elderly, while the other half helped with young people. This gave us more examples to work with, as well as decreased the “us vs. them” mentality that could arise in a project like this.
Golden Skyline Assisted Living helps elderly people, often those who have disabilities live as independently as possible. On our group outing to Golden Skyline Assisted Living, we were asked to spend our time facilitating games of Cornhole. In our situation, this meant helping gather residents from their rooms, helping them sit and stand, accommodating walkers, and keeping score, all while doing our best to be empathetic and to observe how verbal and nonverbal communication impacted theirs and our experience. While this experience was in some ways challenging, it was full of opportunities to serve as well as observe different kinds of communication.
My other location was helping an elderly couple and their live-in caretakers decorate for Halloween. The couple is somewhat of a pillar of both my community and their own and are renowned for their holiday decorations. It is important to me, the couple, as well as their community that their tradition of decorating for Halloween continues.
Results
One thing I learned was that the elderly need to worry about Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs significantly more than people I normally associate with. Elderly people have physical needs (the base layer) that come up urgently. These needs, including changing their temperature, eating snacks, staying hydrated, using the bathroom, and the frequency at which they must be met arise quickly, upending efforts to achieve other levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy (Alder and Proctor, 8).
Some of the elderly people I was communicating with had had strokes which affected their ability and desire to communicate enormously. Dawn, a resident at Golden Skyline had a stroke the week before. She wasn’t eager to talk, as verbal communication highlighted her decreased muscle control. She did listen and nod, and engage in some nonverbal communication, including smiling. She salivated on herself after she moved her lips. This broke the tension, and she asked for a tissue, and then was much more open to nonverbal communication.
Barbara, one of the patients who was receiving at-home care, had a mini stroke while we were talking. She had some muscle spasms in her face as well as some aphasia. Though it was an awful experience to witness, watching the shift from having a normal conversation to a near-emergency, and its effect on her verbal and nonverbal communication was interesting.
She started slurring her words, asking for me to put “Slove Stop Sluffing” in the “pigpen.” After the whole ordeal, she told us she wanted her Stove Top Stuffing to be microwaved. Though this started out as verbal communication, it quickly devolved to nonverbal communication, as neither I nor the caretaker could understand the “words” coming out of her mouth. The aphasia, along with her loss of balance and inconsistent facial expressions did have meaning assigned to them previously, however, so they were able to communicate that Barbara may have been having a stroke.
In less exciting examples, some of the residents I worked with were just less willing to talk or to keep the conversation going, due to being tired, hungry, in pain, or just not wanting to.
Nonverbal communication can be somewhat hindered by aging. Though there are some universal nonverbal ways humans communicate, such as facial expressions and some minor forms of body language, it was more difficult to read. Facial expressions were a bit muddled because of sagging in the face, droopy eyelids as well as muscle weakness. For example, when a resident had a slight frown, crossed arms, or started to cry. In a traditional sense, these examples would communicate displeasure, a lack of openness, and sadness, respectively. In the context of each person’s personal situation, these meant they had a stroke and couldn’t lift one side of their mouth anymore, they were cold, and that they had dry eyes.
I quickly learned that clear verbal communication is imperative when working with people who have decreased ability for nonverbal communication. To make sure I was being understood, I would talk more loudly, use reflective listening, and ask for clarification if I thought I misunderstood. For example, at Golden Skyline, I started to move a woman named Marilyn’s walker out of the way. She started making some odd grunts/whimpers. I immediately stopped what I was doing and asked if there was anything she wanted to tell me. By this time, the speed of her verbal communication had caught up with her nonverbal, and she was able to tell me that the brake was still on, making it more difficult to move the walker.
Conclusion
In the grand scheme of things, this service project might not mean very much. But for those I served, a game of Cornhole or one more year of over-the-top decoration could be a highlight of their day, week, or year. This experience also made me more aware of how I communicate, how others communicate with me and how quickly it can shift a relationship. It made me more aware of if I was quick to dismiss someone because I perceived them as too difficult, too old, too inconvenient to communicate with. This exercise made me reconcile where I would fall on Shel Silverstein’s spectrum. I was acting like the “grown-ups” who just didn’t listen. Now I am making a tangible effort to maintain the proverbial little boy and old man who took the time to just listen to the other.
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Virtual Reality Training
Virtual reality training has already been incorporated in training programs of various companies. The trend is going to rise in the next few years as per reliable sources.
The global virtual reality market was estimated to be worth $10.5 billion in 2019, and is expected to experience exponential jumps to $101 billion by 2027. The future certainly looks bright for virtual reality training.
What Is Virtual Reality Training?
As you might guess, virtual reality training (VRT) refers to training programs that are accessed with the help of virtual reality technology.
How Does It Work?
Virtual reality (VR) devices usually consist of a headset/goggles as well as accessories like controllers, additional sensors, and gloves. These devices are connected to a computer/smartphone/another electronic gadget, and when the whole system is working properly, users can see and interact with simulated objects and environments.
Virtual reality training is not just about transforming existing training to a digital environment. It’s a new way of thinking and developing training. Its effectiveness lies in the fact that employee is learning by doing without disturbing the production process.
There are several key benefits of virtual reality training:
-Through VR, the trainers are able to demonstrate practical processes to the employees.
-They can easily record the process at the beginning. Later they use this recorded version to train up the employees.
-At times, the trainers also conduct live seminars to provide fresh ideas to the employees.
-No geographic or scheduling limitations. The programs can be accessed in virtually any location and at any time.
-Reduction of cost. Traditional training programs require the participation and engagement of experienced specialists working with beginners, while virtual reality training courses do not.
-Elimination of risk. Some professions have a high level of danger, and it also applies to training. However, with virtual reality training, there is no risk of real accidents taking place.
-Freedom and flexibility. The objects, environment, and scenarios of a virtual program can be modified with limited effort, while elements of an authentic setting can be more difficult to change.
-It’s more engaging than some traditional forms of training. VR application allows you to create real-life situations in a safe environment. Important thing is that virtual training can be done remotely, saving time and money.
-The latest digital training innovations can give users an edge and a perspective that wasn’t previously achievable within the confines of a traditional experience.
-It’s an effective teaching tool because the technology gives field personnel hands-on training by simulating situations in a controlled environment.
-Virtual reality training gives users visual, real-time, simple-to-follow instructions and operating procedures as well as key messages, which help reduce the chance of human error and direct operators to the correct equipment for handling particular tasks.
-Virtual reality training are used around the World.
-They have incredible potential for transforming a diverse range of industries, including healthcare, manufacturing, oil & gas, education, retail, agriculture, military, and HR.
Few examples of industries that utilize the Virtual reality training are:
-Preparing for the battlefield emergency training
-For practicing difficult HR decisions in a simulation
-The uses of VRT extend beyond where physical efforts and skills are required. The system features a simulation where the user sits down and talks to a digital robot.
-Trying out different scenarios in a simulation, HR workers and other specialists closely tied to communication can learn the best ways to approach difficult situations and different types of people. A multitude of HR training software is already available today, but building it for virtual reality is still a novelty.
Conclusion
Training workers has always been challenging, but virtual reality has granted the industries the unprecedented opportunity to remove risks from training and create simulations that are hard to replicate in life.
In a nutshell, lot of companies understood what the benefits of virtual reality for business are. And it has changed the way companies used to present their goods a decade ago. Technological breakthroughs are likely to bring about more changes in the next decade or so and more companies will be leveraging the benefits of Virtual Reality training technology for employees.
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8 Ways Virtual Reality could Improve Dental Practice
Patient education is paramount in establishing the trust and confidence between dentists and their patients. VR was developed to enhance this relationship by providing more meaningful information.
According to the research, augmented virtual reality in the healthcare market will expand to become a $ 5.1 billion industry by 2025.
Traditionally, dentists have used 2D images to diagnose and plan your dental treatments, this can be time consuming and sometimes difficult to understand. Now, with VR, you can visualise your oral scans in a 3D virtual environment providing a better understanding of your condition.
Viewing your scan in virtual reality gives the dentist a more accurate representation, and assists in the planning of your treatment needs.
WHAT IS VIRTUAL REALITY?
Virtual Reality is a computer generated environment that presents a 3D landscape for the user to explore and interact with. You are completely immersed in the environment and can perform actions as well as manipulate objects. Turn your head or move your eyes, and your landscape shifts with you!
Imagine relaxing on the beach on a sunny day and enjoying the cool ocean breeze passing over you, while somewhere in the distance you can vaguely remember that you are also having a cavity filled. It is possible, with virtual reality!
Here are 8 ways virtual reality could improve your dental practice business!
1. Provide relaxation and pain management
In the old days, the dentists offer sedation medication for patients that feel anxious in the chair, now, many dentists also offers a tech-savvy alternative to pharmaceuticals. The patient wears a virtual reality headsets that is programmed to 'transport' patients to a quiet beach or a relaxing sunset scene, helping them harness the power of the mind.
This builds tranquil 3D environments that replicate the experience of sitting next to the ocean or lying beneath a starry sky. A sensor even detects your heart-rate, which is interpreted as a measure of your current state of relaxation.
2. Better Training is received
Of course, virtual reality procedures don’t just provide a benefit to dental students – practicing dental professionals can also use similar technology to try out new procedures in the “virtual world” before ever operating on a patient in the “real world.”
3. Simulate Your Ideal Office Design
Imagine being able to take a stroll through your dental practice, even before you dig a hole or swing a hammer. The latest virtual reality technologies will immerse you in a virtual environment that represents real life, and makes you feel as though you’re truly exploring your dream practice.
Design choices, which all can be changed with the push of a button, include building size and layout, specific pieces of equipment and technology, and even color finishes on flooring, cabinetry, and wall coverings.
This experience provides the benefit of allowing patients to make the right decisions then and there for very little cost, versus once the space has already been constructed.
4. Demystify Dental Procedures for Patients
The Cloud service increases treatment acceptance by allowing patients to consume educational multimedia about their suggested treatment plans on iPads and computer screens. Recent virtual reality developments take this successful proof of concept and crank it up a notch…or 20…
Users can consume educational facts about the heart, step inside its chambers, and see demonstrations of various heart conditions.
This type of program demystifies medical processes that would otherwise be abstract for the average patient, granting them meaningful understanding of the way their bodily systems function. One could easily see how this would translate to dental applications – patients could learn why they feel the way they feel when they have a toothache, what would happen during the treatment process, and how the suggested care would alleviate their symptoms.
5. Have Equipment Repairs Diagnosed Remotely
It would still be nice to cut down on in-office service calls, as well as the downtime that occurs when a piece of equipment is in disrepair.
Augmented and virtual reality was created with the use of the smart glasses that gives lab technicians visual instructions for performing maintenance tasks. If the user needs to press a particular button on a machine, or clean a specific area, the machine through the glasses, will provide instruction.
6. Increase Your Empathy for Patients
“A good patient is one to whom the dentist can relate; A bad one is one to whom he’s not able to relate.
The best dental care stems from good communication between patient and practitioner, and the best communication requires the underlying concept of empathy. Not only does finding empathy with patients help them feel understood and respected, establishing this connection will allow you to form a consensus on treatment options, and increase patient compliance with their treatment plan.
Enter virtual reality technology. Glasses are in development which simulate various conditions, including simulating visual field loss, or even glasses that when paired with a glove, simulate the inflammation of carpal tunnel syndrome. What dental professionals once could only glean from reading journals, they will soon be able to experience firsthand, truly understanding what’s happening in their patient’s body and how it is affecting them.
7. Perform Virtual Robotic Dentistry
Taking things a step further, virtual robotic surgery allows surgeons to operate on patients in a different location. As teledentistry continues to grow in both scope and success, it’s a definite possibility that we could see widespread adoption of virtual robotic dentistry in the coming years. This type of treatment could prove especially beneficial for patients in rural areas, patients in nursing homes, and others without access to more traditional care.
8. Alleviate Dental Anxiety
It was discovered through research that the benefits of VR in health care were proven in several ways to effectively treat anxiety and discomfort during medical treatment. By finding a needle-free, medication-free solution to helping patients put dental anxiety at ease, he hopes to make dental care possible again for those who need it, where every trip to the dentist can be a positive experience.
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Implementation of Virtual Reality
We recently have received a 50/50 grant that we are going to be able to purchase a computer and the needed equipment to be able to bring virtual reality exposure to our students. Businesses in our area, both architectural and manufacturing, are incorporating virtual reality experiences into their projects. With virtual reality technology, the architects and designers are able to start designing spaces with a three-dimensional special awareness that can’t be experienced through creating 2D floor plans, elevations and even photo realistic renderings.
Our industries are just at the tipping point of virtual reality becoming a typical visualization tool. We feel being able to expose our drafting students to virtual reality, that we are positioning our students to become leaders in this industry technology.
One of the many benefits of virtual reality is the potential for users to engage with the deeply engaging environment they are in or are creating. Changing finishes, color schemes and furniture on the spot and being able to walk through the space, seeing these changes, will help prospective clients to visualize their project.
Another benefit is to simulate the real world scenario. Not only can it be used to help visualize the aesthetic aspects it can help depict better the buildings composition and elements. It can help with wayfinding, fire escape routes, fire simulations, daylighting analysis, lighting loads, cooling loads and overall configurations of the building.
Virtual Reality can also be used in construction training. It can be used as a training ground for construction workers. Virtual Reality can help with clash detection of building systems and make construction sites more efficient, intuitive and most importantly more safe.
They say that with great risk comes great reward. We feel there is an enormous competitive edge for our students by being able to expose them to virtual reality and augmented reality even if it will be them just touching the edge of the technology capabilities. For now, we are looking forward to introducing them to this technology and we hope down the road this plays a much larger roles in our drafting and design technology students training and education.
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Effect of Virtual Reality on Older Populations
The number of ageing population in the world is rising rapidly. In 2017, the global population aged ?60 years was 962 million, more than twice as large as in 1980, when there were 382 million older people in the world. In 2030, the number of older people are expected to exceed the number of children under 10 years of age (1.41 vs. 1.35 billion) and projected to double again, reaching almost 2.1 billion, by 2050. Globally, the number of older adults aged ?80 years has been calculated to increase more than threefold between 2017 and 2050, surging from 137 million to 425 million.
Ageing is a complex process with a number of physical, psychological and social changes, which can lead to diseases and ailments, and further diminish happiness levels of older populations. As defined by Tatarkiewicz et al. happiness is “a lasting, complete, and justified satisfaction with life as a whole” . A previous study indicated that negative feelings can be reduced and happiness can be improved through physical activity, which contributes to healthy ageing by preventing disabilities, morbidities, and mortality in older adults. Significant elements of mental health can be improved by advocating happiness in older adults.
Ageing is also accompanied by a progressive loss of muscle mass, which was further linked with functional declines and consequently adds to a worsening in the quality of life (QoL). Additionally, physical activity is seen to influence the QoL of older adults on different occasions. The QoL among the elderly can be characterized by objective and subjective dimensions. The objective dimension relates to the standard of living, income, educational level, health status, and longevity. The subjective dimension pertains to psychological responses by the individual such as satisfaction, happiness, and self-ratings. Most older people evaluate their QoL as a good condition based on objective dimensions, while subjective dimensions also play an important role in the evaluation.
Several emerging assistive technologies are seen to improve the QoL among older populations including internet-based physical activity programs, gamification to improve physical activity, etc. Virtual reality (VR) is also an emerging technology with the potential to improve well-being and QoL, muscle activity and balance and physical activity, with evidence of positive effects on social and emotional well-being and cognition.
Our previous study showed the use, acceptance, and adoption of VR among older people. Perceptions that VR is useful, is easy to use, and provides a pleasant experience showing the positive attitudes of older adults towards adopting this new technology. VR-based tai chi exercises were also seen to provide a protective effect for several cognitive and physical functions in an older population with cognitive impairment .
Although studies showed positive evidence of VR interventions among older adults, research still indicates a need for further exploration to address the effectiveness of VR for physical functioning and QoL aspects. Our study investigated the effects of VR sessions on the QoL, happiness, and functional fitness components of older adults, with a pilot study conducted for a 6-week duration. Evaluations used questionnaires for a subjective assessment and functional fitness tests.
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CFO Engagement in Virtual Reality
Businesses nowadays are always looking for something that they can lean on when it comes to managing their financial records and their finances in general. It had been a big issue for many companies that they would have to cut-off some staffs just to bring in an in-house financial expert such as a CFO.
This is why most companies from different industries in the business world have engaged themselves in the virtual world by hiring virtual CFOs. However, several questions have been arising since CFO virtual hiring went trending on the business realm.
Here are the services that virtual CFOs can offer:
-They can hold complete and well-organized management in bookkeeping to produce a more reliable collection of your financial data including an interpretation of the flow of your finances and providing a better insight on the status of your company towards your goals.
-If you hire an expert who is a veteran on your line of business, that would be so much better. These experts can help and guide you towards handling your finances. They can give you working ideas, activities, and projects which can surely give you great profit power and results.
-A CFO who is an expert on your industry can help you put your finances into best use. They can help you decide on the best investments, and the best sources of capital, which can really help you and your company to take a step forward ahead of your competitors.
For better understanding on the services of virtual CFOs, we accumulated four (4) services that they don’t offer:
-HR/Administration Management
-Legal concerns
-Personal participation in executive meetings
-Single-stop for investor relations
Also, it is better to take note that if you are engaging in stand-alone CFOs and not to those who belong in a CFO service group, you won’t be able to enjoy the following services:
-Transaction entry & classification
-Accounts payable
-Bank account reconciliation
-Financial control implementation and oversight
-Optimized workflow
-Accounts receivable
-Payroll
-CPA support for year-end tax and audit
However, there are several facts that a business owner should know before engaging in a Virtual CFO service. Here are the practical facts that you should fix and finalize from taking them on-board.
The provider must know what exactly are your goals. They should not just go through their own expertise, rather, they should know what is the industry you are at and what are the goals of your company to rank up in the industry.
Let your provider show you how they handle reports. Obviously, companies already have their own reporting designs. However, there are CFO providers who have better reporting designs which can show proper accumulation of data and can integrate absolute analysis.
An expert in your industry should know exactly the right technological software to use. Your provider must be able to present to you some technology recommendations that are really working in the present and would be very helpful even in the future.
Allow your provider to change your balance sheets. Analysis after analysis, an expert CFO will definitely know what type of balance sheet your company should have. This may require them to rework on your built balance sheets and let have a picture of a more relevant financial reality.
Build a better financial process along the way. The best benefit of hiring an expert virtual CFO is that you get to borrow their knowledge on how to properly survive in your chosen market. They can be your personal advisers when it comes to decision making concerning your finances. You don’t just get someone who calculates your financial capability but you get to have a great player who can enhance your company’s financial stability and grow your sales without spending too much on wasted investments.
Furthermore, as they work with you along the way, expert virtual CFOs assures you that you get to have your monthly deliverables and your share of knowledge in planning your financial processes.
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CFO Engagement in Virtual Reality. (2021, Mar 22).
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The Virtual Reality Industry
Virtual Reality (VR) as term is almost more than a decade old, but still this is not reached to lots of human hands may be possible reason as cost and different connectors for each device driven market. This is further taken to next step in application world with Augmented Reality (AR) and this is collectivity knowns as eXtended Reality (XR). The presence of these breakthrough technologies began to be felt far away from the fields of gaming and entertainment, where they first became popular.
May be it is unreal to believe but it is virtually real. It started with video games in 1980’s and today turned into a sophisticated medium with a practical potion in future. It is used by marketers for following:
• To show purpose of brand and product more clearly and effectively
• To engage the consumers entirely in the product or brand
• To excite the consumers by creating standalone placement
• To demonstrate how a product can be blend into consumers lifestyle and make them want to incorporate somehow
The VR industry as a whole is growing at a fast pace, with the market size of consumer virtual reality hardware and software projected to increase from 6.2 billion U.S. dollars in 2019 to more than 16 billion U.S. dollars by 2022.
Analysis
With global spending on XR technology is forecast to increase by 78.5% next year compared to this year, both technologies will be key trends to watch out for in 2020. We are likely to see a whole load of exciting new hardware offering even greater immersion and realism, as well as innovative use cases as industry gets to grips with what it can do.
Although games made the headlines in recent years thanks to Pokemon Go and Facebook's Oculus Rift, the potential to boost productivity and safety using XR makes it an attractive proposition for industry. VR can be used to simulate working in dangerous environments or with expensive, easily damaged tools and equipment, without any of the risks. AR, on the other hand, can be used to relay essential information directly to the user about whatever happens to be in front of them – reducing the time spent by engineers, technicians, or maintenance staff referring to manuals and looking up information online while on the job.
The potential uses for these technologies in healthcare are obvious, and over 2020 we can expect to see many of these use cases transition from trials and pilots and gradually into general use. Virtual reality has already been adopted in therapy, where it is used to treat patients with phobias and anxiety disorders.
The adoption of AR in healthcare is forecast to grow even more quickly – with the value of the market increasing by 38% annually until 2025.
VR gaming and VR video make up the largest consumer use cases for VR technology, with 20.8 billion U.S. dollars expected to be spent in 2023 on these areas alone. However, experts have suggested that the benefits of VR will have an impact upon industry too, with improvements to efficiency a real possibility. As a result, by 2023 it is expected that industrial usage will be three times larger than that of consumers.
Possibly the most anticipated breakthrough will be Apple’s forthcoming 8K combined VR/AR glasses that will not be tethered to a computer or phone. The consumer tech giant is hoping that it will be the one to break XR into the mainstream with a high-end but affordable device, in the same way it did with the iPhone.
Nevertheless, as the technology improves further, there is no doubt that the use cases of extended reality (XR) technologies, including VR, will widen and develop as businesses realize the full potential.
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Augmented and Virtual Reality
Though the full potential of virtual and augmented realities have not been reached, the technology has nevertheless improved immensely in today's day and age. What started as an attempt to experience a fantastical world has advanced into an ever expanding industry revolutionizing the world of medicine, gaming, and even learning. Before exploring the true beauty of these artificial realities, it is very important to understand what these new technologies behold. Virtual reality can be described as, the use of computer modeling and simulation that enables a person to interact with an artificial three-dimensional (3-D) visual or other sensory environment. VR applications immerse the user in a computer-generated environment that simulates reality through the use of interactive devices, which send and receive information and are worn as goggles, headsets, gloves, or bodysuits. (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality).
Although quite similar, augmented reality is referred to as “[the] process of combining or augmenting video or photographic displays by overlaying the images with useful computer-generated data” (britannica.com, Augmented Reality). In this way, both virtual platforms require very similar, advanced technology to properly function. It is important, however, to understand that virtual reality focuses on non-real, simulated experiences, whereas augmented reality works to further enhance the real world. The first concepts of these artificial realities can be traced back to 1960, though virtual reality was not given a “term to describe the field” until 1987, and augmented reality in 1990, respectively (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality). With the rapid advancements in virtual and augmented technology, it is very compelling to examine how these softwares are used in society today, and what the future has to hold.
Before examining the current day virtual and augmented technology, it is essential to understand the history and development of these artificial realities. The original “ultimate display” concept of virtual reality was created in 1965 by Ivan Sutherland. His concept was able to simulate reality and was effective to the point where the user could not tell the difference from actual reality. In 1968, Sutherland further enhanced his concept, creating the first VR/AR head mounted display known as the “Sword of Damocles” (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality). This display, being the first of its kind, had several limitations. The device was a very large contraption that was far too heavy for comfortable wear and required a ceiling suspension for proper usage. The user also had to be strapped into the device. The computer-generated graphics were very early wireframe rooms and objects, though nevertheless, the display was revolutionary and initiated further research in the artificial reality field. Within just a year from the “Sword of Damocles,” Myron Kruegere conducted a series of experiments in 1969, in which he discovered “artificial reality.” Though very different, these adaptations of artificial reality were separated in creation by only one year due to their similar use of technology. As mentioned before, the term virtual reality was later defined by Jaron Lanier, the founder of the visual programming lab in 1987 (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality). Again, just three years after, Tom Caudell coined the term “augmented reality.” With the vast interest in the unknown field of virtual and augmented reality, Sega announced their development of new VR glasses in 1993, which cost a hefty $200 and offered stereo sound and LCD screens in the visor. Soon after, Nintendo released their Virtual Boy in 1995 which functioned as a 3D gaming console and retailed for $180, though this was a large failure. Overall, from Sutherland’s ultimate display concept to the later Sega and Nintendo consoles, virtual and augmented reality have drastically improved, becoming much more portable and affordable to the everyday person.
The current day scene for both virtual and augmented realities offers a user friendly, affordable way to experience artificial reality. In particular, budget virtual reality devices such as the google cardboard retail for only $15. Similarly, the video game industry offers a wide array of virtual simulations and games. With the rapid growth in the video game industry, the development of consumer virtual reality has followed in that same growth. Some current advancements include but are not limited too: “Depth sensing cameras sensor suites, motion controllers and natural human interfaces are already a part of daily human computing tasks” (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality). Recently, large corporations such as Samsung have taken an approach to the virtual world with their “Galaxy Gear.” Other companies have devoted their work into furthering the virtual and augmented industries. The Oculus Rift, for example was purchased by Facebook in 2014 for two billion dollars. The Oculus Rift, however, will have to compete against other corporations such as Valve and HTC, Microsoft, and Sony Entertainment (vrs.org.uk, History of Virtual Reality).
Though with the success in the virtual and augmented industries, there are some major setbacks which prevent these technologies in reaching their full potential. For example, in order to run a high quality and thrilling virtual reality experience, an expensive, hefty gaming computer is necessary. This not only makes running a virtual setup very expensive, but also completely destroys the portability aspect of these technologies (theverge.com, Why the real promise of virtual reality is to change human connection). In running a virtual reality software, a strong understanding of computers and their user interface is also necessary. As a result, virtual reality is more targeted towards technology enthusiasts rather than the everyday person. In the words of Angela Chen:
I think one of the biggest problems the industry has right now is that VR is thought of purely as a gaming technology, or people see Ready Player One and write it off. For VR to be adopted, it needs to be easy to use and easy to share, it needs to be something you don’t feel weird about using, and it needs to give you something that you really want to do and that thing is almost necessarily going to have other people involved (theverge.com, Why the real promise of virtual reality is to change human connection).
In order for virtual reality to become a larger industry, it must become more portable and cost-effective, while providing a thrilling, valuable experience to all users--and not just gamers. Other issues are health-related and much more significant: 'There are a variety of potential issues' (cnn.com, The very real health dangers of virtual reality). For example, it is possible that the effect of virtual reality on eye growth can lead to myopia and nearsightedness.
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Digital Assets in Virtual Reality and Fighting Fraud
Video games continue to create an endless supply of virtual worlds for us to escape into, explore and have fun. We can fly through the depths of space, control a hero as they undertake an epic quest, or just live as a virtual character in a digital world not too far removed from our own.
The rise of virtual reality (VR) takes us a step further. VR offers a truly immersive experience that allows us to feel like we’re really there.
While VR video games will always be designed to maximise fun, there are more and more ways for players to earn digital currency that can be exchanged for real life, fiat money.
In virtual worlds, money can be made through a variety of digital assets, such as land, property, clothes and offering other products, services and experiences, similar to that which can be experienced in real life.
However, with these new rewards come new risks. Just as there can be scams and theft in the real world, virtual worlds are not immune from unscrupulous individuals. And since digital assets cannot be physically possessed, they feel more challenging to secure and proving ownership might be more difficult.
But is securing virtual assets really such a big deal? And what can we do to tackle the potential for scams and fraud?
The Rise of the Virtual Millionaire
While the ownership of digital assets and monetisation will become a common feature in VR, it is not an entirely new concept. Many people cite Second Life – the massive virtual world – as the game that brought the monetisation of virtual land and other assets to the mainstream.
The game’s economy allows players to find themselves a job, run their own businesses and sell and lease property through Second Life’s marketplace. Linden Dollars – the in-game currency – can even be exchanged with fiat currency.
With time and effort, players were able to gain fiat rewards, leading wealthy in-game entrepreneurs to achieve real life wealth. In fact, one Second Life user, Anshe Chung, became the world’s first ‘virtual millionaire’ in 2006, by selling her digital land and other assets.
Now with the rise of immersive VR worlds, virtual land ownership, property development and commerce has reached an exciting new level. As the VR space continues to grow, I expect virtual land ownership and commercialisation to become increasingly common.
Many investors – particularly early adopters – look to buy and sell virtual land and eventually sell it at a much higher price as it grows in popularity. This has proven true with the likes of Decentraland and Somnium Space – VR worlds which allow their users to buy plots of land, build properties and monetise their assets.
Land parcels in Decentraland’s Washington DC-sized Genesis City have even sold for as much as $200,000. In 2017, the platform’s founders managed to raise $28 million via an initial public auction, while a further $26 million was generated in 30 seconds during an initial coin offering (ICO).
Tens of thousands of new virtual landowners are able to sell or lease their land to develop exciting, unique properties and activities which serve a whole range of purposes, such as the businesses seen in Second Life.
Second Life was, at its peak, so popular that the real world’s biggest brands, such as Coke, Toyota, Nike and Sony, got involved. Players were then able to buy digital versions of their products.
You can bet that as new VR worlds become increasingly lucrative, these same brands will want to be a part of it. And when they do, they will use their their global influence to ensure that their assets are protected.
With such an influx in the buying, selling and leasing of digital assets, this very modern phenomenon is truly big business. So, with such astonishing amounts of money at play (VR land has generated tens of millions of dollars alone) there is a notable potential risk for theft and fraud.
To tackle that, we’re going to need to make use of equally modern and technological solutions.
Fighting fraud in a digital world
To put a stop to scams in the many emerging VR worlds, it’s likely that dedicated legislation will need to be written in order to prove and protect ownership of digital assets. Laws may indeed be put in place to safeguard consumers from theft, prevent the production of fake and duplicate assets.
The most valuable tool currently at our disposal, which can help us to overcome these challenges, is the blockchain.
Acting as a digital ledger, the blockchain records every single transaction, making it publically available and, crucially, impossible to alter. This means that several forms of fraud, such as duplicate transactions and fiddling financial records, become unimaginable.
While usually associated with facilitating cryptocurrency transactions, the blockchain can also be used to authenticate and safeguard sales and transfers of digital assets.
Networks based on the blockchain can even facilitate the creation of smart contracts, which, much like a physical contract, outline the terms and conditions of a deal for the benefit of all parties.
Smart contracts could be used, for instance, to officialise ownership of virtual land, property, and many other digital possessions.
The Virtual Reality Blockchain Alliance (VRBA) – of which Somnium Space is a member – was partly founded to tackle potential fraud head on.
Beyond securing the transfer of digital assets, another key aim of the alliance is to protect the integrity of digital IDs. In virtual worlds, people can pour years of their time into creating avatars and digital personas. Beyond having such personal value to players, the stakes have been raised significantly with the addition of digital assets.
So, protection from what would essentially be virtual identity theft, is essential. By using the blockchain to track the ownership of this data, virtual identities will also be taken out of the hands of private corporations, adding an extra layer of user privacy and security.
Creativity and technological innovation paved the way for the creation and ownership of digital assets and it’ll take more of the same to prevent digital fraud. It’s crucial that safeguards are put in place to protect players from the cowboys of the virtual world who will seek to steal their assets and identities.
Video games have brought the world so much enjoyment, inspired creativity and developed a sense of community, all without any great risks.
Now, with the emergence of so many incredible immersive VR worlds filled with fun activities – and whole new ways of interaction – for the world to experience, we need to make sure that everyone is able to enjoy them just as safely and freely.
And considering how remarkable even the early creations within the VR universe are, I think it’s a challenge worth taking.
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Using of Virtual Reality (summary)
The most common use of virtual reality is for video games, but it has a lot of potential in other fields. For example, virtual reality, or VR, is used in the military to simulate training in dangerous situations and combat. In healthcare, professionals use it to practice their skills and learn new ones in a simulated environment where they cannot cause any harm to a patient. VR is also used in construction projects because it's a lot faster and cheaper than building a model or structure. The building can be examined in 3D and prevent mistakes in the final building. Engineers use VR to see a 3D model of their design, making it easier to see how the project works, and take note of possible risks. VR has also been used in courtrooms. 3D crime scenes can help jurors visualize what happened more effectively than 2D images. In 2014, the University of Zurich published a study, determining that the Oculus Rift's reconstructed crime scene helped show the details of a case and make a more accurate decision. VR is present in many museums, allowing for instant transportation to museums around the world such as the Louvre, the Acropolis, and the Guggenheim. Those virtual spaces make it easier for people to experience culture. In medicine, VR has a large impact. Companies like Surgical Theater and Conquer Mobile have created simulations that transform CAT scan and ultrasound images into 3D models, making it safer and easier for surgeons to find tumors, practice surgeries, and determine where incisions should be made. Additionally, VR makes telemedicine possible. Telemedicine is taking care of and carrying out medical procedures on patients without physically being there. The daVinci robot, a robot that is controlled by a surgeon using VR from another location, is an example of this concept.. The process is very successful and is now widely used in hospitals everywhere. This opens the doors for multiple surgeons working together to complete challenging operations. Builders also use VR for their projects. Before, models of buildings and complex vehicles were made of paper, card, wood, or plastic. Recently, these are being made on computer programs, cutting the costs of making models, so adding VR to that makes the model more immersive.
VR has come a long way, and is drastically different than it originally was, thanks to many intelligent people. In 1956, cinematographer Morton L. Heilig invented the Sensorama, patented in 1962. It had stereo speakers, a 3D display, and like its name, simulated all five senses. In 1960, Heilig created the Telesphere mask. It was head-mounted, had surround sound, and wide vision. Jaron Lanier coined the term 'virtual reality' in 1987 when his company VPN began developing the Dataglove and the Eyephone, types of VR gear. Major video game company SEGA released the Sega VR headset in 1993, featuring surround sound and an LCD screen. In 2007, a VR program called Virtual Warzone was created to help veterans suffering with PTSD. This yielded incredible results, the program being very effective in helping patients overcome their trauma. Finally, medical students were given more realistic and safe practice in 2008, when operating simulators were created in VR.
A VR headset is meant to override the user's outside input. Sensors track user motion, like the press of a button, controller motion, and body part movements, including minor things like eyes. The outside world is supposed to interfere in the least amount possible. A true VR system is not possible because current software does not completely cancel out the user's surroundings. Immersion is the illusion of physically being somewhere else. When related to VR, this is crucial to the effectiveness of the simulation. Computer scientist Jonathan Steuer claimed that immersion is made of two essential parts. These parts are breadth of information and depth of information. Depth of information is the quality of the data that the user receives. The essential parts of depth of information are the display's resolution, the graphics, and the audio and video quality. Breadth of information relates to the senses, and how many are present in a simulation. More senses being present creates a more immersive and realistic environment, allowing the user to be fully focused on their simulation. Currently, sound and sight are the senses that are most researched and focused on by VR developers, these being the most essential parts of immersion. Sense of touch is another of the main factors in immersion, its importance recently becoming more prioritized. For a virtual environment to be fully immersive, the user must be able to explore it effectively. Perspective and point of view are key. The user's vision should be like it is normally, seamless and following the person's angle.
VR is unlike other devices because of its inputs and outputs in use of senses. VR uses motion sensors to track body movement. For sight, a headset has one screen for each eye, creating the illusion of depth. In some cases haptic feedback, or the sense of touch is in place. VR headsets are head-mounted displays, or HMDs. It allows the user to simply move their head to view an image from multiple angles and have a different field of view. HMDs tend to use one of 2 technologies in the screen. cathode ray tube, or CRT, or liquid crystal display, commonly called LCD. CRT gives a more realistic image, reflecting the image onto the user's eye. Sometimes, the images are not fully reflective, allowing the user to see the outside world as well and use other devices at the same time. LCD works in a different way than CRT. Each eye gets a slightly different image. In the brain, these two images are merged together, forming a realistic wide view. LCD displays lack the picture quality of CRT, but it is thin, cheaper, and weighs less. VR headsets display a 3D image, changing in real-time when the user's head and/or body move. These images are made 3D because of the headset's two small screens, each displaying an similar image from slightly different angles, imitating the way our eyes view things. To preserve the immersion, the headset has a blackout blindfold built around it, preventing any outside light from getting in. To make the audio realistic, the headphone contains built in stereo headphones. To create a realistic experience, the user's perspective must change when they move their head or body. To do this, HMDs have position sensors, which adjust the displayed image whenever they detect a change in position or orientation of the user's body or head. VR headsets seem pretty elaborate, but simple ones have been made and are very popular, such as the Google Cardboard, a basic headset head of cardboard and lenses that hooks up to a phone. To interact with a virtual world, one needs more than simply a headset to just look around. Wands are a remote paired with the headset. Holding them allows the user to interact with the virtual world via their hands. This is made possible by built-in accelerometers, the same things that are in the headset to determine body and head position. In the wands, they determine the position of the user's hands. They have buttons and scroll wheels on them to further interact with menus and such. In older versions, they were wired, but recently, most are wireless.
VR has many advantages. VR can help train employees in dangerous lines of work. Pilots, doctors, and firefighters are some professions that utilize VR in order to train and get real-time experience to prevent mistakes when they do their job in person. Mass implementation of these practices will cause those new to the job to gain experience faster than those who learned without them. VR can also be very beneficial for meetings, making meetings and conference calls more interactive and informational. It would feel more like actually being in the same room with someone. Since they won’t have to pay for their employees to travel for projects and meetings, VR can cut a lot of costs for companies. Using VR, they can make important decisions and evaluations without going anywhere. VR can be very useful in education, because of how common language barriers are. Multiple languages can be programmed into the software, making the learning experience much easier.
There are, however, some downsides to VR. Human communication is damaged by the use of VR. In education, students need to learn from each other. Not learning from others damages relationships and prevents connections from forming. Using VR makes it difficult to ask questions, since a software can be programmed with answers, but likely won't anticipate every question the user has. Learning isn't fixed. People need to be able to ask questions and be curious in order to find what works best for them. Mistakes happen with any device. The same is true of VR. If something breaks for someone using it for business or education, they will be left unable to complete their task. Fixing a technology as complex as VR is very expensive. The chance of addiction with VR is very possible. People may see the virtual world as better than what they have, and spend an unhealthy amount of time in something that isn't even real. HMDs are usually heavy, placing strain on the head, neck, and shoulders when worn for too long. Ones that are very heavy even have to be mounted on stands.
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Status and Prospect of Virtual Reality
As it known to us, the Virtual Reality (VR) technology is not a new topic any longer. But not long ago, a fantastic film called Ready Player One has caused hot discussion on VR technology again. The film tells a future story in 2045 that almost everyone is addicted to get into the virtual world by wearing VR equipment. In fact, many scientists believe that the scene of the movie may happen just several years later in the light of the rapid development of VR technology in recent years.
There is no doubt that a number of famous IT companies, such as Google, Apple and Microsoft, are positively developing the VR technology and hoping to win over other companies in that field. Thus, the VR technology makes progress rapidly. Nowadays, VR equipment has appeared in people’s life and given us a totally new fun.
However, there is a lot of controversy as well as the expectations of VR technology.
1. How to solve the problem of human’s movement?
As we can see, the VR equipment can give the users a strong feel that what they are seeing is reality. However, their bodies are still in the real world at the same time. Users may step to the unforeseen corner when following the scene of the virtual reality. The essential problem is that the VR equipment, which normally refer to the helmet or glasses, can not position the users and stop the movement when it may be dangerous. In that case, users can easily be tripped by something or be further hurt.
2. How to stop the addiction?
Thanks to the high-technology, humans can easily escape the real world to the virtual reality. It is a good way for leisure and recreation, which can truly relieve tension and stress and make us relaxed temporarily. In addition, the equipment can help alleviate loneliness for elderly people in the aging society. However, because of these advantages, it is easy to be addicted to the VR games and get bored with the real world for the users. It may further lead to the symptoms of social phobia to some users, such as be scared to make friends, communicate with family, study the knowledge and so on.
3. How to distinguish the real from the virtual
According to the study, the VR technology can make what we experience completely in line with the real. It is hard to distinguish the real from the virtual if the virtual reality is the some with the real. If so, we may find the VR makes us deranged in the future. Thus, what extent should the VR be real to make sure that we can distinguish the real from the virtual? The principle is that the experience should not influence our perception of the real world. More attention should be paid to the serious problem.
In conclusion, though the VR technology comes with a lot of controversy, it is truly a great progress of science. I believe that all the problems will be solved well and the VR technology will make the world totally different. Let us enjoy the fun!
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Virtual Reality Using Programming Language C++
Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology can be used to fields such as medicine, engineering, education, design, training, and entertainment. VR is a computer interfaces to simulate almost identical to the real world beyond the monitor to give 3D visual experience. The issue with this system is to create a consistent user experience across devices. By using cross-platform programming language like C++ that is a highly portable language and provides a selection of multi-device, multi-platform app development; So, it seems it can be done. However, there is a lot more to cover before we can rely on such alternative due to incompatibility characters between hardware systems and software support.
Virtual reality allows people perceives most of the senses, including sight, hearing, and touch, just like we normally do in reality. The combination of a sense of immersion and interactivity is called telepresence. Jonathan Steuer mentioned two main components of immersion: depth of information and breadth of information. Depth of information refers to the amount and quality of data in the signals a user receives when interacting in a virtual environment. Steuer defines breadth of information as the “number of sensory dimensions simultaneously presented.” A virtual environment experience has a wide breadth of information if it stimulates all your senses. Most virtual environment experiences prioritize visual and audio components over other sensory-stimulating factors, but a growing number of scientists and engineers are looking into ways to incorporate a users’ sense of touch. Systems that give a user force feedback and touch interaction are called haptic systems. Dr. Frederick Brooks, a pioneer in VR technology and theory, says that displays must project a frame rate of at least 20 - 30 frames per second to create a convincing user experience. Lag time between when a user acts and when the virtual environment reflects that action is called latency. Latency usually refers to the delay between the time a user turns his head or moves his eyes and the change in the point of view, though the term can also be used for a lag in other sensory outputs. Studies with flight simulators show that humans can detect a latency of more than 50 milliseconds. Swimming in VR systems doesn’t refer to jumping into a pool -- it describes the effect of latency within a virtual environment. If you were to look around in a VE and notice that the change in point of view was not instantaneous, you would experience swimming. The effect is distracting and can even make you experience motion sickness, called simsickness or cybersickness in VR circles. Input devices are also important in VR systems. Currently, input devices range from controllers with two or three buttons to electronic gloves and voice recognition software. There is no standard control system across the discipline. VR scientists and engineers are continuously exploring ways to make user input as natural as possible to increase the sense of telepresence. Scientists are also exploring the possibility of developing biosensors for VR use. A biosensor can detect and interpret nerve and muscle activity. The big challenges in the field of virtual reality are developing better tracking systems, finding more natural ways to allow users to interact within a virtual environment and decreasing the time it takes to build virtual spaces. it can take a long time to create a convincing virtual environment - the more realistic the environment, the longer it takes to make it. It could take a team of programmers more than a year to duplicate a real room accurately in virtual space.
Another challenge for VE system developers is creating a system that avoids bad ergonomics. Many systems rely on hardware that encumbers a user or limits his options through physical tethers. Without well-designed hardware, a user could have trouble with his sense of balance or inertia with a decrease in the sense of telepresence, or he could experience cybersickness, with symptoms that can include disorientation and nausea.
Computers are some of the most versatile tools that we have available. They can perform stunning feats of computation, they allow information to be exchanged easily regardless of their physical location, they simplify many every-day tasks, and they allow us to automate many processes that would be tedious or boring to perform otherwise. However, computers are not 'intelligent' as we are. They have to be told in no uncertain terms exactly what they're supposed to do, and their native languages are quite unlike anything we speak. Thus, there's a formidable language barrier between a person who wishes a computer to do something, and the computer that typically requires instructions in its native language, machine code, to do anything. So far, computers cannot figure out what they are supposed to do on their own, and thus they rely on programs which we create, which are sets of instructions that the computer can understand and follow. C++ is a general-purpose object-oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and is an extension of the C language. It is therefore possible to code C++ in a 'C style' or 'object-oriented style.' In certain scenarios, it can be coded in either way and is thus an effective example of a hybrid language. C++ compiles directly to a machine's native code, allowing it to be one of the fastest languages in the world, if optimized. As one of the most frequently used languages in the world and as an open language, C++ has a wide range of compilers that run on many different platforms that support it. Code that exclusively uses C++'s standard library will run on many platforms with few to no changes. The main highlight of C++ is a collection of predefined classes, which are data types that can be instantiated multiple times. The language also facilitates declaration of user-defined classes. Classes can further accommodate member functions to implement specific functionality. C++ includes several operators such as comparison, arithmetic, bit manipulation and logical operators. One of the most attractive features of C++ is that it enables the overloading of certain operators such as addition. A few of the essential concepts within the C++ programming language include polymorphism, virtual and friend functions, templates, namespaces and pointers. The main skills you’ll need to become an AR/VR developer are in the 3D area. In fact, it’s not very different from 3D games development. You may have to learn about 3D modeling and/or scanning, 3D games engines, 360° photos and videos, maybe a little bit of math and geometry, programming languages like C/C++/C# and software development kits (SDKs), and how to design experiences for users in 3D. The most popular game engines you’ll need to learn use them:
-Unity, which uses C# as its primary programming language.
-Unreal Engine, which uses C++ and a node-based language called Blueprints Visual Scripting.
Virtual Function in C++
A virtual function a member function which is declared within base class and is re-defined (Overridden) by derived class. When you refer to a derived class object using a pointer or a reference to the base class, you can call a virtual function for that object and execute the derived class’s version of the function.
-Virtual functions ensure that the correct function is called for an object, regardless of the type of reference (or pointer) used for function call.
-They are mainly used to achieve Runtime polymorphism
-Functions are declared with a virtual keyword in base class.
-The resolving of function call is done at Run-time.
Polymorphism in C++
The word polymorphism means having many forms. In simple words, we can define polymorphism as the ability of a message to be displayed in more than one form.
Real life example of polymorphism, a person at a same time can have different characteristic. Like a man at a same time is a father, a husband, a employee. So, a same person possesses different behavior in different situations. This is called polymorphism.
Polymorphism is considered as one of the important features of Object-Oriented Programming.
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Virtual Reality Using Programming Language C++. (2021, Mar 22).
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State of the Union 2019
As President Donald Trump enters the House of Chamber for the State of the Union Address, there are many issues that are going to be discussed by him, and the plans that he has for solving these issues. To begin, President Trump States that Democrats and Republicans must join forces and confront an urgent, national crisis. He explains that Congress has ten days left to pass a bill that will fund our government, protect our homeland, and secure our very dangerous southern border. He wants Congress to step up and show the world that America is very committed to ending illegal immigration, and putting drug dealers, cartels, and human traffickers to a halt and keeping them out of business. President Trump talks about how there are large caravans currently on their way to the United States. Mexico City’s solution to remove the illegal immigrants from their city is to load up buses and trucks full of these people and bringing them to the border of our country where there is little to no border protection. Trump has began arranging solutions for this problem, beginning with sending 3,750 troops to our southern border to prepare for this ‘onslaught’. He claims that this is a moral issue and a threat to the safety and financial stability of our entire nation.
However, Trump continues on with an idea to create an immigration system that protects the lives and jobs of our citizens, which includes the obligation to the millions of immigrants living within our nation today, who truthfully followed the rules to be able to be a part of our nation and respected our laws. Donald Trump is not completely against immigration, just illegal immigration. He states that legal immigrants enrich our nation and strengthen our society as a whole in many, many ways. He even says that he wants as many people to come into our country as they can, but he wants them to be here legally. He asks the people of our nation to help defend the southern border out of love and devotion to our citizens. He says that tolerance for illegal immigration is not compassionate, and quite frankly, it is actually very cruel. Until we secure our border, there are so many dangerous people that are going to continue streaming in. He claims that where walls go up, illegal immigrants crossing goes way, way down.
Another historic trade blender was NAFTA, which failed greatly. He talks about how there are many people who have had their dreams shattered by the signing of NAFTA. For many years, there were politicians that they would renegotiate for better deals, but nobody ever tried until now. The USMCA will now replace the NAFTA and actually deliver for American workers because they haven’t been delivered to in a long time. He hopes that the people will pass the USMCA into law so that our nation can bring back our manufacturing jobs in even greater numbers than before, expand american agriculture, protect intellectual property, and ensure that more cars are proudly stamped with our four beautiful words “Made in the USA. Also, he wants to pass the United States reciprocal trade act so if another country happens to place an unfair tariff on an American product, we can charge them the exact same tariff to them as they do to us on the same product. Both parties should be able to unite for a great rebuilding of America’s infrastructure.
Lowering the cost of healthcare should not be an option, along with prescription drugs, and to protect patients with pre-existing conditions. Already within Trump’s presidency, drug prices have experienced their largest decline in forty-six years. He talks about how it is unfair that people in our country are paying so much money for the exact same drug that people are getting in other countries for way cheaper, and often made in the exact same place. It is wrong and unfair so together we can stop it fast.
In recent years, he states that we have made remarkable progress in the fight against HIv and AIDS. There have been scientific breakthroughs that have brought a once distant dream within reach. President Trump is asking people to make the needed commitment to eliminate the HIV epidemic in the U.S. within the next ten years. Together we will defeat AIDS in America and beyond.
In addition, he asks all Americans to get behind the fight against childhood cancer. Many childhood cancers have not seen new therapies in years. Trump’s budget will ask Congress for five hundred million dollars over the next ten years to fun this critical, life-saving research.
Overall, his last point is that he wants to protect American security. Our nation has begun to fully rebuild the United States Military with seven hundred billion dollars last year and even more this year. We are also getting other nations to pay their fair share. As part of our military buildup, the United States is developing a missile defense system, and we will never apologize for advancing America’s interest.
In each of the issues and plans to fix these issues were discussed, the audience cheered for every single one of them. However, there were times that only half of the audience cheered and the others did, like with building the wall, but most of the time, the entire audience cheered.
Bernie Sanders was the once chosen to respond, and he was not very happy with everything that Donald Trump talked about in the State of the Union. He said that no everything that was said was true and accurate. Bernie disagrees with Trump when he talked about the economy being amazing today and how it is booming. He said that may be true for some of the wealthiest people in our nation, but that is not the case for all people. The economy is booming for the rich ones, but for the middle class, the economy is not so great for them. Real wages for average american workers is so low, and even lower today than it was forty-six years ago despite the rise of prices in good today. Trump failed to mention that we have more wealth than the bottom half of our country combined. Yes, the economy is great for the top one percent, but for other people, the economy is not good.
Despite what President Trump says, this is not a ‘hot’ economy when there are households that cannot pay for necessities without going into debt. The economy is not booming when half of Americans have no idea how they will live out the last of their years because they do not have retirement funds. There are hundreds of students that cannot go to college because they do not have enough money, and there are people that cannot afford medicine that they need. This is not an economy that we should be proud of. Sen. Bernie Sanders on Tuesday night offered a blistering rebuttal to President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, focusing more on what the president didn't mention than on what he did touch on. Sanders also ripped into Trump on his claims about illegal immigration, particularly regarding violent crime. He said Trump's rhetoric on this subject was "racist" and "factually inaccurate," and he questioned why Trump didn't focus more on violence committed by white men.
Stacey Abrams was chosen to give the Democratic response to President Trump. She states that we live in a nation where opportunity is possible, but we do not succeed alone. Her reason for running for Governor in Georgia was because she loved our country and it’s promise of opportunity for all. She says that children are practicing gun safety rather than education, and our leaders must be willing to tackle gun-safety measures and face the effect of education loans. There are far too many Americans that are falling behind and living paycheck to paycheck. The Republican tax bill rigged the system against working people and rather than bringing back jobs, plants are closing, there are more layoffs, and wages struggle to allow people to keep up with the actual costs of living. She says that we owe more to the working people in our nation who keep our economy running. She thinks that Trump needs to make our nation respect the middle-age more because they are the working people who allow our nation to thrive. She also disagrees with Trump because she thinks that we must all embrace culture, to healthcare, entrepreneurship, and America is made stronger by immigrants and not the building of walls. Her future in American politics could hinge on her doing well on the big stage.
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Healthcare a Talking Point in the US Elections
Healthcare has always been a talking point in the US elections for many decades because of its issues about costs and coverage. The United States spends twice the amount on healthcare compared to other relatively wealthy nations, but at the same time, the US also gets far fewer – nearly fifty percent less- physician visits per capita in comparison to comparable nations (Kaiser family). Essentially, Americans visits their doctors less compared to other wealthy nations, yet they somehow end up spending more money for healthcare. Further implications of the rising cost of care are more than 20 million Americans who cannot afford healthcare at all (census.gov). For these reasons, promises and solutions to solve this problem are presented in every general election to influence a voter’s decision.
In the recent 2016 US presidential elections and again in his 2019 Presidential bid, US Senator Bernie Sanders championed the idea of a Single-Payer Universal Healthcare system as an answer to the healthcare problem. This type of universal healthcare system is a service provided by a public agency that provides health insurance to all American citizens under one insurance plan (Harvard). This will be publicly funded by the government and taxes that are based on income or ability to pay (pnhp). Universal healthcare, as presented by their proponents such as Left-Wing media CNN, is an answer to the expensive US healthcare system and to the millions of American who are uninsured. Opponents such as Right-Wing media Fox News, on the other hand, describe the concept as a radical idea that comprise of great tax hikes and unhealthy economic costs. Although the Democrats views Universal Healthcare as a possible answer to the healthcare issue, the Republicans brings in reasonable concerns about a system that can fundamentally change the US healthcare system.
Gatekeepers use rhetorical devices to persuade readers with unproven statements. US Senator Bernie Sanders, a Democrat from Vermont, used proof surrogate when he stated, “Here is the simple truth: the function of our current healthcare system is not to provide quality, cost-effective care for all. Rather, it is to create a complicated, wasteful and bureaucratic system designed to make many hundreds of billions a year in profits for insurance companies, drug companies and medical equipment suppliers.” (guardian). This is an example of a proof surrogate because he made a claim without providing substantial evidence. With the same statement, Sanders created an appeal to anger and made the readers feel as if they were being deceived by the current government’s healthcare system and implied that it is something that needs to be changed. Furthermore, the statement also appeals to American’s general distrust of the government, which can amplify the emotions of the reader. Emotional appeals are powerful devices used to shock readers and elicit hasty and, often, ill informed decisions. As a critical thinker, one must read things through objective lens to avoid falling to our own biases and emotions that can twist our interpretation of information.
Readers that are influenced by their emotions are primed for persuasion. Using fallacies are another way of persuading readers and can be harder to detect when the mind is clouded by emotions. With this said, Bernie Sanders continued and stated “The insurance companies, the pharmaceutical industry, the medical equipment manufacturers, Wall Street, and everyone else who profits off of our current system will spend hundreds of millions of dollars telling us how terrible that idea is,” (guardian). The gatekeeper uses a type of ad hominem fallacy called Circumstantial Ad Hominem, which is a personal attack suggesting a character is biased or predisposed to a particular stance based on their circumstances. In this case, the gatekeeper attacks the reputation of groups who are against Universal Healthcare. He stated that said groups had vested interest in preserving the current system because they make profits off it, therefore their argument against Universal Healthcare must be invalid or lies because it implies that their sole reason to fight Universal Healthcare is to preserve their monetary gain. This kind of fallacy destroys the objectivity and, therefore, the credibility of a character making them and their arguments less believable.
Another method that gatekeepers use to persuade readers is by deliberately withholding information or presenting partial information to the audience. To further emphasize the importance of a Single Payer version of Universal Healthcare, the gatekeeper used a false dilemma. According to the Physicians for a National Health program, “Single-payer financing, i.e. the elimination of the private-insurer middlemen and their replacement by a single, streamlined, nonprofit agency that pays all medical bills, is the only way to recapture this wasted money.” (PNHP). This is an example of a false dilemma because the presenter ignores other alternatives and suggests that single-payer financing is the only way to recover and save tax payer money. Using this fallacy creates an illusion that there is only this one or the other. In this case, the information may lead people to believe that tax payer dollars can either continue getting wasted in the current system or be saved and used efficiently in a single-payer version of Universal healthcare.
Gatekeepers against the idea of a Single Payer Universal Healthcare understand its flaws and weaknesses and make sure they use it to reduce the idea’s credibility. The New York Post wrote an article that scrutinizes Sanders’ Universal Healthcare plan saying, “And all of this assumes that BernieCare will reduce health care costs by as much as 47 percent, according to independent estimates. How? Well, Sanders is far less clear on that than he is on how he’ll increase taxes. His plan contains exactly one paragraph on cost control, including a promise that “government will finally be able to stand up to drug companies.” (NewYorkPost). The excerpt shows an example of downplaying, which is a rhetorical device that is used to reduce the importance or significance of someone or something. In this case, the author tries to reduce the significance of Bernie Sanders’ Universal Healthcare by pointing out the lack of depth in his plans, implying that his argument for Universal Healthcare is weak because it contains only one paragraph to explain a crucial part of implementing the proposed system. This kind of rhetoric is meant to create doubts in readers’ minds because it puts the strength and credibility of someone’s argument in question.
Another understanding that Gatekeepers have is knowing how to appeal to their demographic. Americans have always had a mostly negative view of Socialism with only 35% expressing a positive view about it in comparison to the 60% that have a positive image about Capitalism (gallup). Gatekeepers against Universal Healthcare utilize this American bias by pandering to their negative views about socialism and connecting it to Universal Healthcare. Donald J. Trump, the current US president, panders to this very thing when he stated, “If Democrats win control of Congress this November, we will come dangerously closer to socialism in America. Government-run health care is just the beginning. Democrats are also pushing massive government control of education, private-sector businesses and other major sectors of the U.S. economy.” (usatoday). This is a prime example of a slippery slope fallacy because the claim was that government-run health care a.k.a Universal Healthcare is only the “beginning” and that it would lead to more and more things without providing substantial proof or evidence that such events will occur. Despite presenting no evidence, the fallacy places fear and doubt in the reader’s mind just because of the fact that it is presented as a possibility. Additionally, the whole argument is consistent with the idea of giving more power to the government, which is a key tenet of socialism and is an idea that contradicts American values. In this case, the use of fallacies in conjunction with the appeal to their bias improves the persuasiveness of the overall argument making readers more inclined to believe Donald Trump’s claim.
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Why College should be Free
In today’s time many people aren’t given opportunities just because they didn’t get chances like more fortunate people do. Many students around the world don’t have enough any money and that’s why there is a large population of people in the United States that skip college and don’t get the chance to get a degree. This is not only because of tuition, it is also because they change their majors that they want to major in which would get them the money immediately to pay off their off their college debt. The solution is right in front of our faces, which is to make college tuition free even though there are still many people who believe that college tuitions should be paid for. College tuition should be free because it could create many beneficial changes not only to students but also to universities and the economy.
The first example of why college should be free is because people should be able to choose their career paths since it is important to who they are going to become in the future. A quote explains, “Because the current college education system leaves many students with high amounts of debt, students’ choices are constrained. They may choose a major they don’t really love simply because it promises a higher future salary. They might go to a college that’s not the best one they would get into because it’s cheaper. They might take fewer risks in later life because of their debt.”(Kurfiss Deborah) This quote explains that many people would be taking the safer route because they don’t have much of a choice, and them not taking the risks could not help them reach their full potential. Another quote states, “Offering free college tuition would make it possible for more people to pursue higher education. The bright young people who currently skip college because they can’t afford it would have the opportunity to get a degree and get better jobs. The high cost of a degree would no longer an obstacle.”(Amelia Josephson)This quote is important because students should be able to choose whatever life career they want to pursue. Some may want to be a doctor but can’t afford the college funds to take the class, so they settle for something less when in fact they could become something more great and help those in need.
Furthermore, students starting off in debt after college will definitely affect their lives and society negatively. A quote states,” The average student today graduates from college $37,172 in student loan debt. For graduate and professional students, the amount is significantly higher. People facing that kind of debt, often do not have a lot of money to contribute to the economy. Our total student loan debt in this country is $1.48 trillion which is more than credit card debt $1.023 trillion.”(Sarah Goldy-Brown) This proves that student loans cost way too much and that too many students are in debt, which is not very good for them because they would still have to pay for the funds after college and could take many years for them to pay off fully. The next quote says, “ The world has changed remarkably since the 40’s and 50’s. Many more jobs today knowledged based or require advance technical skill than in the past to the extent that there are sometimes not enough qualified people to fill the position. A better educated workforce would be a boom to American economic growth.”Times have changed a lot since the 1900’s for college since colleges weren’t as expensive. This also proves why free college would be beneficial not only to the students, but to the economic growth.
Lastly, having colleges would be an important role to the future of America’s growth. In this quote by Bernie Sanders he states,” It is time to build on the progressive movement of the past and make public colleges and universities tuition-free in the United States- development that will be the driver of a new era of American prosperity. We will have a stronger economy and a stronger democracy when all young people with the ambition and the talent can reach their full potential regardless of their circumstances at birth.” A step in America’s future is having a tuition-free college said by Bernie Sanders and that we should not be stuck in the same ways and instead take a step forward from the past. Young people should be able to reach their full potential without having to worry about where they’re coming from. Another quote from Bernie states,” In the 1950’s and 1960’s, it was possible to graduate from High school and move right into decent paying job with good benefits for those without an advanced degree.”(Bernie Sanders) This quote proves that life now is much harder than it was 50 years ago and that achieving the American Dream was a lot easier than it is now. Nowadays, students finishing college have to worry about finding a good paying job immediately to get money.
Some might believe that free college tuitions are not a good idea. Saying that universities could lose a good amount of revenue since they are giving out free tuitions. They also add on that the revenue they gain from tuitions are used for research purposes. What they don’t understand is that when more people come to their schools, it actually doubles up the money college earns. Although some people may ask how colleges could still get money without charging tuition, there are many ways colleges could obtain this. For example, they could open stores and restaurants on campus so students can buy their books, food, and anything else they can buy. Also, colleges and universities have different events and extracurricular activities that students have to pay for, like a ticket to watch. And they would also buy food from the concession stands at the events. Lastly, since many people like to represent their schools, there are many souvenirs and products the students and their families could buy to support the college they are attending. Therefore, having free tuition would not cost colleges any money, but would actually help them make more money and help the student financially.
In conclusion, college tuition should definitely be free because it will not only help the students get their degrees and lead a better life, but it can also help universities and the economy. With having more people be better educated, the United States economy would strive. Since many people will be well educated, they could easily find jobs which will help increase job rates.
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Why College Should Be Free. (2021, Mar 20).
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Senator Bernie Sanders is Promoting a Free College Act in the Senate
Senator Bernie Sanders is promoting a free college act in the Senate, and makes it sound so great and believes that it will solve the student loan “crisis”, but really, it will never do so. People go to college to excel in a field of study to pursue an occupation in that field. Some go to two year community colleges, and some go to a more prestigious four year institution. College is not for everyone, and cannot be a good fit for many. Those people can go into the trades, or other jobs that do not require a college degree. For those that promote free college, they do not explain all of the other costs that will have to be paid by tax-paying citizens. No one should have to pay for someone else’s schooling. According to Max Page and Dan Clawson, authors of It’s Time to Push for Free College, college is a necessity for people of age, and free college will solve student loans, and students would be able to afford a higher education but in reality, free college is not a necessity because many jobs do not need a college degree, taxes would increase significantly, the college tuition is expensive for a reason, and if there was free college, more important programs like medicare, social security, and welfare funding would be cut all for some kid to go to college.
Free College is thought to be an amazing new change in American society, and sources state that it will solve many problems for college aged people. Max Page and Dan Clawson state that college is becoming a necessity. They also argue that college should be paid by public dollars. Page and Clawson support their claim by giving the fact that “ As several recent studies have underscored, a college degree is a pathway to a more stable life, financially and otherwise, even for students who struggled in high school” (Page/Clawson). Is that really true? The authors attempts to strengthen their claim by stating “Other studies show that there is no better short-term or long-term investment for the rest of society than higher education. For example, one study shows that new spending on public colleges, which would be sparked by an influx of more students, produces more economic activity than a similar-sized tax cut, or similar spending on roads and bridges” (Page/Clawson). Yet, again, is that quote true? Where is the source? Page and Clawson go on about how many people cannot go to college because they cannot afford it, and this only affects lower class people. Finally, Page and Clawson concludes with the quote that “Why do Social Security and Medicare survive while welfare is gutted? Why does universal K-12 education get much more funding, in state after state, while public higher education has seen massive cuts over the past generation?” (Page/Clawson). They question why kindergarten through 12th grade students receive more public aid than colleges, and they wonder why social security and medicare receive more aid that college. Page and Clawson put their arguments out clearly, but have a lack of reality. Believe it or not, there are many reasons why these two authors are indubitably wrong.
The idea of free college is thought to be an amazing new addition to society, but, in reality, it will burden not just the students themselves, but the tax paying people. Page and Clawson’s claim that college is a necessity for a job rests upon the questionable assumption that it is not. Many jobs do not need a college degree, such as a Dental Hygienist, a Clinical Lab Technician, a licensed Practical Nurse, and a Radiation Therapist, just to name a few occupations that make over eighty-thousand dollars a year which do not require a four year college degree (Koening). Therefore, Page and Clawson are false on that term. Next, they bring up that college would be paid by public dollars. This would mean a large tax jump for the lower, middle, and upper class, strickening people with even more taxes to pay for other people’s college that their own money shouldn’t be used for (Why Free College Is a Bad Idea).Tax Payers have their own college to pay for, let alone a mortgage, utility bills, K-12 schooling, taxes, insurance, maybe even private schooling, and cars just to name a few. They should not be handing away their hard earned money for some kid not of their own to go to college. Page and Clawson’s quote that “Other studies show that there is no better short-term or long-term investment for the rest of society than higher education. For example, one study shows that new spending on public colleges, which would be sparked by an influx of more students, produces more economic activity than a similar-sized tax cut, or similar spending on roads and bridges” (Page/Clawson). What other studies? Where is the source for their statement? Without a named source to backup their claim, their argument is invalid. Free College in England did not bring in more students, it actually brought more in when free college was abolished (Holmquist).They go on rambling about how people cannot go to college because of how expensive it is, but those fees are larger at larger schools, more prestigious schools, and schools for smarter people. If college aged people need an affordable tuition, they should stay in state, and research a college that would be a good fit for them, and they need to consider the price tag that comes with it. Large state schools need to have a massive income coming in to preserve the institution. If there was free college, lazy students would take advantage of the things a college has to offer, and this would drag the college into supporting those lazy students who don't take class, treat themselves bad, and don't work hard like a college student should. Then, the lazy students drop out (Why Free College is a Bad Idea). In England, when free college was let go, there was a higher student enrollment when college was student paid. “But higher prices did not reduce access: enrollments climbed after the end of free college, and enrollment gaps between rich and poor students narrowed” (Holmquist). People in England realized that they had to pay for their degree, and college became a place to be enriched, and the enrollment of students was from every class, low and high. Students were able to pay off their debt in ten years or less. People realize that they have to make the money they paid for college count, so they work hard and go to class, and receive their degree with their hard work dedication. Page and Clawson then go on to question “Why do Social Security and Medicare survive while welfare is gutted? Why does universal K-12 education get much more funding, in state after state, while public higher education has seen massive cuts over the past generation?” (Page/Clawson). Universal K-12 education receives more funding because it is required by law. It is not required to go to college in the United States, henceforth, college is not state funded. In Illinois, “Illinois students can legally drop out of school once they turn 17” (Gjelten). Public schools are funded from kindergarten to senior year in high school because it is required to go to school from age 6-17. That is why there is more universal funding for public elementary, middle, and high school. Social security is given more money because it is a needed to assist seniors who are running on a low bank account, and without any money, they could not support themselves. Medicare is funded more because it helps seniors pay for all of their health needs. It is more important to stay alive than to go to college, and that is the reason of medicare being more funded than free college. Clearly, free college would be a bad idea for the United States because many jobs do not need a college degree, taxes would increase significantly, the price of college helps pay for the institution to stay in place, and with free college, programs like medicare, social security, and welfare funding would be cut all for some kid to go to college. (Why Free College Is a Bad Idea).
Overall, free college would be detrimental to the American economy, and to the American lifestyle, ripping more money from the hands of taxpayers who need to use their income for their interests. The United States Senate should drop the idea. It will not work. Free college would be just like a high school diploma, every student would have the same thing on their diploma saying that they passed college, but in order to pursue a masters or graduate degree, students have to pay more money to achieve the even higher education that is needed for their degree. In Germany, there is free baseline four year college, but students there have to pursue more schooling for many jobs. They will pay more money for grad school than the US will for a four year degree. Finally, free college is a horrible idea. It will become a program like welfare where people unwilling to do anything will take advantage of government opportunities to get away with doing nothing. Bernie Sanders should drop his idea of free college, in order for the United States to not drift towards becoming a socialist country, and to slam some sense into students that they need to work hard for what they want.
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Senator Bernie Sanders Is Promoting a Free College Act in the Senate. (2021, Mar 20).
Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
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Presidential Candidates and Bernie Sanders of the Democratic Party
One of the candidates for the 2020 presidential election is Bernie Sanders of the Democratic party. His platform is based on medicare for all, which has been a growing interest in the democratic party over the years. According to CNN.com an article published by John Pramuk stated, “Sanders has supported policies such as Medicare for all, breaking up big banks, a $15 per hour minimum wage and free public college” Bernie Sanders is a United States Senator for the State of Vermont. Bernie ran for president in 2016 but lost to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic vote. Bernie Sanders is the longest-serving independent in United States congressional history. Bernie co-founded the Congressional Progressive Caucus and chaired the group for it’s first 8 years.
A negative thing Bernie has said is stated in an article on Creators.com by Froma Harrop stated, “Sanders' ignoring the role faith plays in African-American politics is not racist, just neglectful. He certainly didn't help himself by slighting Barack Obama's legacy. He described Obama as a "charismatic individual" and an "extraordinary candidate," as opposed to an extraordinary president.” I do believe Bernie is qualified to be president because he has had experience as a United States Senator so he knows what he’s doing. If he were to be elected, it would affect me in a good way. I would feel like things would be changing in a positive direction opposed to the negative that is in the White House right now. Another candidate for the 2020 election is United States Senator Kamala Harris. She is an Oakland native part of the Democratic Party. Kamala is the second African American woman in history to be elected to the U.S. Senate, and the first African American and first woman to serve as Attorney General of the state of California.
In her past she was the District Attorney of San Francisco. Kamala has been caught in a lie according to Jacobinmag.com an article by Branko Marcetic stated, “... after she was elected as San Francisco’s district attorney (DA) while promising never to impose capital punishment. Less than six months into her tenure, Harris defied a united chorus of voices … calling for the death penalty for a twenty-one-year-old who killed an undercover police officer.” This sparked anger in her followers and caused her some controversy. Kamala is a civil rights activist and even has a close relationship with former president, Barack Obama. She helped him campaign for the 2008 election against United States Senator Mitt Romney. I believe Kamala is somewhat qualified to be the President of the United States because she doesn’t have as much experience as her competitors. If she were elected it would affect me personally because she would be the first woman president of the US on top of that she’s Black! A black woman as president would be a historical achievement for the US.
Another democrat in the 2020 candidacy is Elizabeth Warren. Her platform includes, ending Washington corruption, rebuilding the middle class, foreign policy, and strengthening democracy. Warren was originally a Republican but she switched parties in 1996. She is an expert on bankruptcy laws and was a professor at Harvard for a few years.
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Presidential Candidates and Bernie Sanders of the Democratic Party. (2021, Mar 20).
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Free College Tuition Sounds Grea
Free college tuition sounds great. Infact, it was the hot topic in the 2016 presidential debate. Bernie Sanders compaised on the topic of free tuition in his platform. Sanders goal was “to relieve student debt and make higher education more accessible” (Hedlin 2). Guaranteed college tuition is a bad idea because it would create a culture of entitlement, decrease the value of a college education and not address the issue of affordability.
One problem with free tuition is that encourages a culture of entitlement. As our culture struggles with the so-called helicopter parent philosophy, these parents believe that their children deserves a college education and the state should fund it. Which leads to the thought that, "Free college education, in fact, is just another expression of the entitlement culture”. (Krason 396) If college is free to everyone then it is viewed as a right rather than a privilege. It also is viewed as a means of necessary to get ahead, and as it’s viewed as a necessity, students become less intellectually formed and do not learn to think critically. (Krason 397) Krason goes on to explain that, “The problem is, of course, that this like everything else about the entitlement culture weakens personal responsibility” (Krason 396). This lack of personal responsibility leads to adults who will have to face the fact at some point that in order to thrive they cannot pass obligations onto others and that includes the obligation to pay for one’s higher education. (Krason 396)
“Another issue with free tuition is that it would open the flood gates and over crowd the capacity to deal with the number of students.” (Cubberly 23) The fear is that the standards will be lowered to accommodate the influx of students. An influx of students that would come from free tuition for all. “If tuition was available to all, colleges would no longer have admission standards as a college education is perceived as a right for all.” (Krason 397) It was also in cress of the taxes up.
One philosophy for free tuition is that it will pump more government money into the college system. “However, increased government funds has not lead to better education (Krason 396).” Tax dollars are pumped into our K-12 education system’s andare still not highly ranked. “ However, unlike the American K-12 system, American college educated students are in high demand throughout the world, unlike K-12, our country post-secondary school’s still are one of the best in the world. (Schumer 161)” Providing free college for all Americans will mean that we must relax the academic standards of our colleges so that all Americans are accepted into college. Removing the admission standards for American colleges will devalue college education.
Opponents of free college believe that it would be bad for America overall. One author sees that the guarantee of “free public higher education will also pave the way for what, in effect, will be more corporate welfare” (Krason 398). To fund this free education will be “an albatross for taxpayers and an incredible economic drain” on the already struggling higher education system (Krason 398). The reality is that there is no such thing as free, someone has to pay for it and that someone will be the American taxpayer. Taxing individuals to pay for higher education in essence grows the welfare state. (Krason 398)
But, does free tuition remove the problem of student debt? It’s not just the cost of tuition that makes college expensive. Bernie Sanders based his platform for free college on a Swedish model whose purpose was to “relieve student debt and make higher education more accessible” (Hedlin 2). The part of the story that Sanders did not reveal was that currently 85% of college graduates in Sweden graduate with student debt compared to a 50% debt rate among American graduates. (Hedlin 2) The reason the debt was increased rather than decreased points to another problem in paying for college which is food, housing, books and transportation. (Palmer 2) None of these costs would be affected by free tuition which means free college is not the same as affordable education. Making tuition free, won’t make college affordable.
Sanders’ plan would depend largely on contributions from the states to supplement governmental funding. The problem with this is that the contributions that states make to education varies greatly from state to state. (Palmer 1) When college funding is left to the states, the funding will vary so that some states with less funding will still have the demand for students without the funding to provide a quality education. If instead of free tuition, making tuition tax deductible would serve as a tax cut which would benefit citizens without placing an undue burden on colleges (Schumer 162). A better fix for college affordability would be tax cuts for individuals to help with affordability without lowering the standards of college admission or overwhelming the current system with students.
Proponents of free tuition argue that education is the key to our future, it’s the same philosophy adopted by our country when the K-12 primary education became mandatory for all. (Schumer 161) The harder it is to get a degree, the worse our future will be. (Schumer 162) The current situation leaves students having been sold on a future they can’t afford. (Palmer 4) They have been led to believe that a college education is required to get ahead but the cost is out of reach for many. Another benefit of free tuition is that research shows those who attend community college have a higher completion rate at four-year schools. (Cubberly 22) Free tuition may not keep students from working but it could keep them from working less hours, which will help them be more success students. (Cubberly 22) The harder it is to get a degree, the worse our future will be. (Schumer 162) The more educated our society becomes, the better off we all will be.
All things considered guaranteed college tuition is just a bad idea. We are already struggling with building a work force in this culture of entitlement and lack of personal responsibility. Making college open for everyone would decrease the value of a post-secondary education. Passing the burden of paying for college off to the taxpayers would be an albatross for taxpayers and still not deal with the issue of affordability because free tuition would not deal with all the costs associated with a college education. While it sounds like a good campaign promise, in reality America would not really be better off for it.
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Free College Tuition Sounds Grea. (2021, Mar 20).
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The Questions “Free College”
The questions that arise when you hear “free college” is where is the money going to come from, who’s actually paying for it and how much is it going to cost overall. Well according to one USA article in 2017 “Bernie Sanders introduced a bill last week, which would abolish tuition and fees at public four-year universities for students from households making $125,000 or less per year, and would make community college tuition-free for students from all income levels”. Sanders admitted that the plan is costly –and wants Wall Street to pay for it. The estimate cost of the program is $47 billion a year. Like many of you all I don’t agree with this idea fully but to some extend I can agree with it.
Some people say that this would equal more competitiveness and fewer jobs, people are so afraid of others that they rather keep them below them as much as they can, which is plain foolishness. Individuals like to argue that there is no such thing as free education because you know untimely somebody else is going to be paying for that education, which if you think about it isn’t that what we have done through all our kids’ education from pre-k to high school so why not help our kids succeed and start to look at the benefits and not the negatives only. Individuals also love to say that once college is free, it will be worth as much as high school, possibly less which I definitely don’t agree with it just think about it like this people need homes to live in therefor would building more houses equal that house value decreases? No because at the end of the day people need a home to live in , more college degrees would equal to people making new inventions or businesses meaning more jobs and more people needed.
Like stated before when people here free-college they tend to argue about how it’s going to be free? Is it the government that’s going to pay for or Wall Street like Bernie Sandler suggested? Like many of you all I used to be skeptical and afraid about the whole idea of having free tuition for everyone , I mean this would mean taxes would go up and the idea of students taking advantage of such program made me furious specially if some did nothing with their degree after receiving it . You see just like many others I wasn’t taking everything into perspective I wasn’t considering the benefits of such program like how it would benefit the economy, how we would discover new things due to more people getting educated and most importantly how beneficial it could be to all of us, imagine a society where everyone is capable of contributing in one way or another, a successful county in many ways isn’t that what we want? to make America Great Again. Back then I was so caught up in the negativities this would bring that I never focused on the positives until I became a student myself.
You see if more people got educated the need for government assistance would reduce drastically, more people could afford housing and healthcare, government assistance wouldn’t be needed as much. Also at the end of the day more than 50% of Americans will end up having kids meaning that this would eventually help everyone’s kids successfully go to college without debt, this would benefit mostly all of us because at the end of the day we all have nephews, nieces, daughter’, grandchildren, etc., and don’t we want to help each other out and see a successful future for our kids and our loved ones in this world. We need to stop living in a world where we rather not try anything due to fear of the outcomes, we need to remind ourselves that failing is how we succeed it’s time to give everyone the same shot at life as anyone else.
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The Questions “Free College”. (2021, Mar 20).
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