Philip Zimbardo’s “The Stanford Prison Experiment”

It was 48 years ago when American psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues conducted one of the most famous social experiments. According to Zimbardo, the purpose of the experiment was to attempt to understand the developments of norms and the effects of social roles in a simulated prison environment. The experiment was a failure but its results gave an insight on social and behavioral psychology and that is the purpose for this research paper is to show how the experiment applies to psychology. When the Experiment was finished it definitely created more questions than it answered, specifically on the darkness that inhabits the human psyche. The ethical implications of this study are studied still to this day in college and undergraduate psychology classes.

The experiment was conducted back in 1971, Philip Zimbardo psychology professor for Stanford University built a three-cell mock called in “Stanford County Jail” it was located in the basement of the university's psychology building. They recruited 21 psychologically healthy male college students who all answered to a classified ad that stated they were looking for willing participants for a 7-14 day study on prison life that paid 15 dollars a day which was a lot for it being 1971. They randomly assigned 10 of them to be prisoners and the other 11 to be guards. The “prisoners” were “arrested” at their homes, booked and fingerprinted at the local police station and then brought to the “stanford county jail”, (King pp. 451) They were strip searched and given nylon stocking to place over their head to symbolize bald heads, chains on their feet, and a numbered gown that Zimbardo called a “dress”. Zimbardo explains how real male prisoners do not wear dresses so the purpose of that uniform was to emasculate them. They were then placed three to a cell where they spent most of their night and day. The “guards” wore uniforms which included wooden batons and mirrored sunglasses to avoid the prisoners making eye contact. Zimbardo also took part in the experiment, he played the role of the prison superintendent. After 24 hours the prisoners became submissive and depersonalized. They would take abuse with little to no protest. After there were a few disputes that got out of hand between the prisoners and guards violating their agreement against physical force, and when the “superintendent” overlooked the incidents the guards took it as a green light to go ahead and proceed as they were. The lack of feedback could read as a tacit approval.(McLeod) The prisoners were taunted and generally dehumanized. Push-ups were a common form of punishment. The guards began to attack the prisoners with fire extinguishers and act in very sadistic ways , forcing prisoners to stand naked in their cells or allowing them only a bucket to urinate or defecate . On the sixth day Zimbardo terminated the whole experiment in concern for the safety of the students.

The experiment has been criticized for unethical and unscientific methods. Although many experiments are conducted for the sole purpose that they are unethical to show the challenges faced in the particular situation. There were minimal law violations if any at the time, however now we do have laws to prevent psychologist from the possible torment or mental harming a person. One of the violations was the lack of a full description on the consent form which shows that Zimbardo did not take all the events that could occur into consideration. Also The consent they signed said they would not be harmed physically but that was broken. Later in 2008 Zimbardo noted that it was not until much later that he had realized how deep he was in to his prison role he said, “ I was thinking like a superintendent rather than a research psychologist. He claims this is the reason he did not end the study sooner.

The study developed various theories and concepts in social psychology. When the Experiment was finished most of the guards claimed that they were only acting and playing their role the whole time. However, there is evidence that supports the theory that they were reacting as if the situation was real like private conversation that were recorded, the guards worked overtime without being paid or asked too, when the prisoners were introduced to a priest they referred to themselves by their prison name rather than real names, some even asked the priest for help getting out. (Mcleod) Another theory is that the young men acted out their stereotyped views of what prisoners and guards do, and the brutal behavior of the guards was created by the impact of the “prison” environment. Experimental bias is the influence of the experimenter’s expectations on the outcome of the research (King pp.42). Experimental bias is a theory that Gray believes as he states in psychology today, Since they were aware that they being watched by Zimbardo they did not want to disappoint him.

The study created an understanding in the area of social and behavioral psychology especially in regards to power of authority, obedience and situational characteristics over personality. This study affected the way that US prisons are run today for example minors are not housed with adult prisoners before trial to avoid any risk of harm towards the minors. The American Psychological association formed the recognition of ethical guidelines studies now have to undergo and extensive review.

The study has been compared to Milgram's Obedience Experiment and the Guantanamo Bay prison camp. Stanley Milgram conducted and experiment of obedience is psychology it focused on the conflicts between obedience to authority and personal conscience. Zimbardo was a former classmate of Milgram and wanted to investigate further the impact of situational variables on human behavior. The guards at the Guantanamo Bay prison camp. American soldiers were sent as guards to the prison in Guantanamo Bay the conditions at the camp were extremely disturbing two detainees and two prison guards commited suicide They were forced to torture the inmates, having them strip naked, peeing and defecating on themselves. Most of the guards suffered from depression, suicide, insomnia and PTSD.

In conclusion this study shows how individuals adapt to powerful and powerless roles in a situation. people will conform to the social pressure and the roles they are expected to play. the Experiment demonstrates the stimulation of the prison situation caused their sadistic behavior. Their personality traits had nothing to do with it. Humanity is subject to falling into roles of power and the other way around.

Did you like this example?

Philip Zimbardo's "The Stanford Prison Experiment". (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Andy Warhol and Pop Art

Pop Art is one of the most influential art genres of the 20th century. In its early days, it had different names, such as neo-dadaism and neo-realism. The real Pop Art appeared in the mid and late 1950s and 1960s.

After World War II, with the rapid development of the American economy, new consumer goods and consumption ways emerged. At the same time, the corresponding medias were born, and consumer culture began to play an important role in people’s life. The cultural transformation changed people's lifestyle and values. With the popularization of mass consumption, the barrier between artistic creation that always emphasized aesthetics and vulgar ideas of the public has been gradually eliminated, so the Pop Art was born, and it clearly expresses the native American culture.

On the contrast, Abstract art lacks the realistic and straightforward characteristics of the American’s national spirit. It only pursues form with their obscure meaning hide inside. Andy Warhol was considered as one of the most outstanding artists of pop art. He created the art of mechanical reproduction. Warhol said his work is superficial. Such as the Mechanical Reproduction. The picture is covered with green coke bottles. They are different in shade, with some bottles having light Outlines and others very dark. But they are identical in appearance. Warhol has always emphasized the interest of ordinary things, and coke bottle is a common and ordinary object. Warhol's idea of art was not to make ordinary things extraordinary, but to let them continue to be ordinary. Just copy them without changing any characteristics. The coke bottles were repeated in rows, but all in perfect order, giving me the feeling of watching television rather than looking it as carefully as I observe an ordinary work of art.

The Coca-Cola bottle advertisement is successful because it expresses that people all over the world drink same Coca-Cola, which is the commonality of people and the art Andy wanted to express. Coke bottles and a series of works by Andy Warhol all reflect the rise of mass culture in the western consumer society. Andy Warhol broke the traditional mode of hand-painted, combining the business, the fusion of art and the mass production. Warhol knew the power of advertising images well. The more they were repeated, the more they affected people. The themes of Andy Warhol's works were not only commodity, he also captured another feature of American culture in the 1960s -- star culture. He used the technique of commercial reproduction to deepen the public's memory and understanding of pictures by thoroughly using images that people already familiar with.

All of his works were silkscreen printed, and the images were repeated numerous times, making them look more like replicas. In the exhibition, in addition to the Triple Elvis, I also saw the paintings of Marilyn Monroe and other stars. Their images appeared so many times. Each of them was slightly different and repeatedly arranged without any inherent meaning, just like the goods on the shelves. There is no connotation in the paintings. It’s just repeating and make the visual impression deeply engraved in the minds of the public, which is actually a kind of art of consumer civilization. Before Andy Warhol, almost all the artworks were unrepeatable.

However, Andy Warhol used printing to make works of art infinitely replicable, breaking people's traditional views on art and making the forms and objects of art no longer simple. This was a strong impact on the traditional painting art and pushed the development of contemporary art. A section of the exhibition is dedicated to these flowers, and the background only appeared in this part of the exhibition, which is made up of repeating pink cows. In my opinion, these cows and flowers complement each other and are part of the work, which makes people deeply involved. The color of these flowers is rich, there have combination with high saturation, combination with low saturation, also the combination of high and low discretion together, bring the bouncing feeling on color perception to the person. Since the develop of art history, Art gradually become philosophy rather than remain in visual "beauty". When we look at the painting, we always want to analyze what the painting is trying to express, but in Andy Warhol's painting, what we see is what we see. I see flowers, then it’s flowers, nothing else. He broke the boundary between art and non-art. The act of creation itself replaced any other intention. It suited characteristics of modern aesthetics and its fast rhythm. This is exactly what our life like and art is no longer only for the few people. It belongs to the public.

Although his art may not fit everyone's aesthetics, but he changed people's views on the way of art production and provided a unique interpretation of works of art produced in the time of mechanical reproduction. Although he insisted that there was no meaning behind his works, people can analyze the answers they want through their own interpretation.

Did you like this example?

Andy Warhol and Pop Art. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Andy Warhol’s Artwork Campbell’s Soup

Andy Warhol was known as the most influential figures of his time. He was successful at including commercials and daily used objects to the world of fine art. Warhol started as an illustrator for Glamour Magazine to become in the 1950s a leading figure in the Pop Art Movement. His style was unique. He used fine art mediums like photography and painting to present mass commercial elements. One year after announcing the creation of pop art, in 1962, he revealed his iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup and other popular commercial products and celebrities. (Brown.E, 2018). In these artworks, Warhol used repetition in order to indicate significance: “I like things to be exactly the same over and over again”(55). This shows that he was trying to symbolize his work as the work of a machine due to the presence of the age of industrialization. His aim was to shape the modern world through his creation of awareness of images and values. ( Jackson, K.Dec 2010). To frame Warhol as a consumer researcher, this discussion will be focusing on 3 famous artworks. The thesis statement for this essay is about the importance of repetition, it shed lights on its use as consumerism. The repetition is used as a decorative device which will create unity, balance, and rhythm in the compositions such 32 Campbell’s soup cans and Brillo Box and many more.

As for the formal analysis of the painting “Campbell’s Soup”. As a brief background to Warhol’s idea about the painting .He mentioned that he sent Julia to the supermarket to buy every variety of Campbell’s soup she could find. Warhol told her that he loved Campbell’s tomato soup as a child. He remembered it was the only food his family could afford. In fact, those red and white labels are really recognizable that was his reason behind this artwork. After that, he projected each can on a canvas and copied them in different sizes. (Warhol.A,1942). The medium used is acrylic with metallic enamel paint on canvas with 32 panels. The dimension of the painting of each canvas is 50.8 by 40.6 cm. The overall installation with 3 inches between each panel is 97 inch high and 63 inch wide. The Campbell’s soup can pictures are painted by hand in a large scale. The paint was applied with a brush. The 32 Campbell’s Soup Cans are pictures of pictures. They are used to promote visual signs in which it was turned into a trade-name product. They are considered as simulacrum. However, It is not the reproduction that made Warhol be unique but his desire of becoming a machine like artist. (Swenson, 1963: p. 748) which will lead to eliminate his individuality and rejecting the fact that he is a human being. In addition to that,

This work consists of 32 separate canvases. In fact, Andy Warhol made 32 kinds of Campbell's Soup that you could find on the shelf in the supermarket. Warhol became interested in it in the early 1960s . It was the idea of thinking about painting in terms of repetition rather than in terms of uniqueness. He used new processes including silk screening, rubber stamping as well as painted by hand. He would project a drawing of the soup can into the canvas in order to make sure that each one was done exactly like there's nothing here at all that's trumpeting the originality of the artist, the self-expression of the artist. The Campbell's Soup cans represent the beginning moment of pop art. The pop artists in many cases and certainly in Warhol came from working class backgrounds bringing normal American topics ,values ,habits into the world of fine art. It was very important to them .I think both artistically and ethically and daring to say that in a rich art leader it's subject so ordinary and typical of working class, American life as 18 can of soup these works are such icons now it's impossible almost to go back and realize how they are absolutely irreverent and even shocking these Campbell's Soup cans would have been in 1962.

Did you like this example?

Andy Warhol's Artwork Campbell’s Soup. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Andy Warhol – Pioheer of Pop Art

"Pop is everything art hasn't been for the last two decades. It's basically a U-turn back to a representational visual communication, moving at a break-away speed...Pop is a re-enlistment in the world...It is the American Dream, optimistic, generous and naïve." (Jim Dine). Pop art evolved in the United States and United Kingdom sometime in the mid to late 1950s. It swayed away from the traditional art themes such as morality, mythology or classic history. Pop art leaned more towards emphasizing people and common objects and turning them into art.

One of the most known pioneers of this type of art is Andy Warhol. Andrew Warhola was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, even though his birthdate was never recorded in a hospital. He was the son of Carpatho Ruthenian immigrants. His family immigrated to the United States early in the 1920s from what is now known as Slovakia. His father, Ondrej Warhola, worked in construction Warhol’s mother, Julia Warhola, was an embroiderer. His parents were devout Catholics and brought Andy up attending mass on a regular basis. Andy had two older brothers. His parent’s first child died before his mother and father immigrated to the states. When Andy was eight years old, he contracted a rare disease, St. Vitus’s Dance (Chorea), that affects the nervous system and can be fatal. Warhol was left bedridden for several months during this illness. While bedridden, his mother used art to entertain him. Mrs. Warhola gave him his first drawing lessons. It soon became an obsession for Andy. Other childhood hobbies included going to the movies and taking photos with the camera his mother bought for him. He even learned to develop his own film in his basement where he set up a makeshift darkroom.
Warhol suffered an emotional setback at the age of fourteen from the loss of his father. Ondrej Warhola suffered from jaundice of the liver. Andy was so disturbed from the death of his father that he did not attend the funeral. In his dad’s will it was stated that Ondrej’s life savings should go to fund Andy’s college education.

The first in his family to pursue continued education after high school, Andy attended college in Pittsburgh at Carnegie Institute of Technology. Warhol earned a degree in pictorial design. After graduation in 1949, Andy Warhol relocated to New York. At that time Andy dropped the “A” from his name and changed it from Warhola to Warhol after seeing it mistakenly misspelled in a list of credits. He took a job as a commercial illustrator. He was known as one of New York’s most sought after advertising artists. Warhol won many Art Directors Club awards for his work on LP album covers and other advertising artwork. During this time, Andy Warhol was also a popular book illustrator. Some of his more notable book illustrations included 25 Cats Named Sam and One Blue Pussy, Love Is A Pink Cake, and Wild Raspberries. (CITE)

Major fashion magazines sought out the work of Warhol. His work was seen in Glamour, Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar magazines. Warhol was prolific in the illustrations of books, records, and fashion ads throughout the 1950s. During this time, he was unknowingly preparing himself for his future in the world of art.

Early the 1960s, Warhol approached a different direction with his work. He started putting more emphasis and effort into painting. At this time he offered a new concept to the art world. He called it “pop art”, which focused on massed produced commercial goods. (CITE)

Andy would take his advertising and comic strip work and call it art. This was a brand new adventure for Warhol. This was very uncommon and unconventional for this artistic time period. Many of his pieces, including the Campbell’s Soup Can piece, are still very recognizable to most Americans. Warhol also liked to use famous people as subjects of his pop art. He would repeat the same image of someone using different effects and colors. Some believed Andy was the most recognizable artist in the United States. This period, in the early sixties, was most likely his most creative time.

During this time, Warhol also experimented with filmmaking. Like in his in his paintings, Warhol’s creativity shined in his filmmaking—another platform in which he was greatly successful. Similar to his paintings, his films were bold, unconventional and a little over the top. During this time, Andy’s New York studio was referred to as “The Factory”. It was not only a place that Andy created his art and film, but, also, a hot spot for the rich and famous in New York. Warhol hosted many high society parties there while selling his art at the same time.

The lifestyle Andy was living was exactly what he had dreamt of. He desired to be rich, wealthy and recognized. It all came true for him. He also is responsible for the idea of mass production of art. Andy would have his artwork mass-produced in prints in order to make it affordable to everyone. Andy didn’t like the idea of humans being categorized into certain groups. He once said, “"How can you say one style is better than another? You ought to be able to be an Abstract Expressionist next week, or a Pop artist, or a realist, without feeling you've given up something. I think that would be so great, to be able to change styles. And I think that's what's going to happen, that's going to be the whole new scene."

In June of 1963, a disgruntled radical feminist writer entered Andy’s apartment and shot him in the attempt to murder him. Valerie Solanas wanted Warhol dead because she believed he was trying to take control of her life. Solanas suffered from mental illness and was delusional. The two had first encountered each other years before when she presented a script she had written to Warhol in hopes of him producing a play. He wasn’t interested in it and basically ignored her request. This upset Solanas enough to demand compensation for her work and eventually attempt to murder him.

Nineteen years after he was shot, Andy went in for a routine gallbladder surgery. Later that night, Warhol passed in his sleep after suffering from an cardiac arrhythmia. The attempted murder against Warhol did not actually kill him. However, it played a major role in the downhill slide of Warhol’s health.

Did you like this example?

Andy Warhol - Pioheer of Pop Art. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Brief Report on Andy Warhol

You may have seen some of his work, such as his Campbell's Soup Cans made in 1962, or his Shot Marilyns, made in 1964. However, you may not know who he is. His name is Andy Warhol. Andy was born on August 6, 1928, in Pittsburgh, PA. Born Andrew Warhola, Andy was the youngest of 3 brothers, the oldest being Paul and the middle being John. His parents were Andrej and Julia Warhola.

During his early life, Andy suffered from Sydenham chorea, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements. On days when the symptoms became to extreme, he would stay home from school, reading comics and Hollywood magazines and playing with paper cutouts. On days he did go to school, he was bullied because of his discoloration and pigment issues, which eventually lead to him getting the nicknames "Spot” and “Andy the Red-nosed Warhola.” He was growing up in Depression-era Pittsburgh,
which meant his family had small riches. However, at age 8, they bought Andy is first camera. After this, he went to Holmes School Elementary and attended free art classes at Carnegie Institute, where he was taught by Joseph Fitzpatrick. After realizing how much talent Andy withheld, his father started saving money for Andy’s college education. Andy attended the Carnegie Institute of Technology from 1945 to 1949.

When he graduated from art school with a pictorial design degree, Andy moved to New York City, where he would live out his dream as a commercial artist. This is also where he decided to dispose of the last “a" in Warhola, making him Warhol. The first of his work was an illustrated story called “What is Success?" which was found in a 1949 issue of Glamour magazine. Throughout the 1950s, Andy became an award-winning illustrator. He worked with huge clients, such as Tiffany and Co. Now,
his style was blotted-line ink drawings. He created the process in college and revamped it soon after he graduated.

During the 1950s, homosexuality was illegal in America. Andy, being gay, fought this throughout his career. While many of his friends were invited to display their work at the Tanager Gallery in New York City, Andy was not accepted because his submitted work included two men embracing. Later, he would be found to have sketchbooks filled with loving and humorous depictions of males. He called these Boy Portraits. During the 1960s, when Andy started making films, he made a film called Sleep in 1963,
which starred poet John Giorno in a 6-hour sleep naked.

In 1960, Andy joined in on the pop art movement, a movement that started in Britain during the mid 1950s. After studying it, he made his first pop art paintings in 1961. These works were based upon comics and ads. His 1961 Coca-Cola is evidence that the switch from hand-painted works to silkscreens was overtime. His most recognizable style, photographic silkscreen, is seen to have first outburst for him in 1962. Photographic silk screening allowed Andy to easily remake pictures
he found from popular culture.

Did you like this example?

Brief Report on Andy Warhol. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Basis of Big Bang Theory

So basically the Big Bang Theory is the idea that something most likely a star with an incomprehensibly large mass supernovaed and created our universe and everything in it. It started with all the people living in times up to the 20th century who believed that the universe was ageless and infinite. But then Albert Einstein came along with his theory of relativity and completely changed peoples minds about how gravity works and Edwin Hubble found out that galaxies are actually moving away from one another.

Next in 1964, cosmic background radiation was discovered by accident, and with other evidence to support it, the Big Bang Theory became the accepted theory by scientists. Since then, new technology is giving us a better picture and more evidence of the big bang, like the Hubble Telescope. Now the basics of what actually occurred during the big bang we can only infer at, but here is what we think happened. So the big bang was not actually an explosion it was all space stretching everywhere all at once. The universe started very small, about the size of a marble and quickly expanded to the size of the football. It didn’t really expand into anything though because there is no boundary of limit to how far the universe can go and there is no outside the Universe. It is all there is.

In this space energy manifested itself in particles that existed for the tiniest slivers of time. In this environment matter and energy were so hot that they were practically the same stuff. Instead of one main powerful force it is refined under different rules like gravity and electromagnetic force. As the particles of energy are formed, these are called quarks, they bond together to form hadrons, but only some combinations are stable for any reasonable length of time. By the way all of this has happened in just one second. The universe now stretched out to about one billion kilometers has cooled down enough for some neutrons to decay into protons forming the first element, Hydrogen. As it continued to expand it continued to cool down and form new elements, and after about a million years clumps of hydrogen began to be pulled together and put under immense pressure to form the first stars. That is the Theory of the Big Bang.

Did you like this example?

Basis of Big Bang Theory. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

The Big Bang Theory TV Show

Throughout my adulthood, I have often considered myself an individual with a great sense of humor. The ability to find humor in many situations has always been a quality of mine. The Big Bang Theory continues to be one of my favorite outlets. The show features Leonard and Sheldon who "are brilliant physicists—geniuses in the laboratory but socially challenged everywhere else. Enter beautiful, street-smart neighbor Penny, who aims to teach them a thing or two about life. Despite their on again, off again relationship in the past, Leonard and Penny have finally gotten married. Even Sheldon has found a female companion, entering into a "relationship agreement" with neurobiologist Amy Farrah Fowler, and he recently took their relationship to the next level by marrying her after a long courtship. In their free time, Leonard and Sheldon enjoy fantasy role-playing games with their ever-expanding universe of friends, including fellow scientists Koothrappali, Wolowitz, and Wolowitz’s adorable microbiologist wife, Bernadette, who is adjusting to life with their two children (The Big Bang Theory 2018)." Sheldon is considered the awkward turtle of this circle. This is mentioned and confirmed throughout the show by his mother, father, and best friend, Leonard. On the other hand, Leonard can integrate himself into today's society as a normal individual through exhibiting social normalities. An Indian scientist, Raj, is the polar opposite personality of Leonard. Finally, Howard, who is the only scientist not considered a doctor in his field of study, rounds out the four main male characters. Between the four scientists within this show, some other main characters are introduced as significant others to the scientists and provide comic relief throughout each episode. Sheldon has been the boyfriend of Amy, and they are almost equally awkward in personality with the difference being that Sheldon can detach himself from human emotion and Amy must have the basic needs of a woman met. Penny and Leonard have an ongoing connection throughout the most substantial part of the series and went on to marry her in a later episode of the show. She is the gorgeous next door neighbor that would be the typical out-of-his-league woman, and she is typically attracted to the bad boys. Howard got married to Bernadette who is a very similar involvement of his mother; against his knowing before they are married. Finally, Raj is not extremely involved with anyone up to current episodes but has had quite a few minor relationships throughout the show. The superiority theory is a concept that was derived about the thought of how we, as humans, believe our laughter can express feelings of being superior to either former selves or others around us at the time of humor. This theory exists all over the place within The Big Bang Theory due to the complex given between the scientists about their levels of education. Three of them, Sheldon, Leonard, and Raj, are all doctoral scientists and Howard hold a master's degree in engineering. The three doctoral scientists mock Howard as being a less-qualified scientist and not as able to perform his job within their institution of employment. In this instance, the doctoral scientists find humor in mocking Howard due to their superior social status within the institution. The relief theory is commonly compared to a pressurized system's "relief-valve." When an individual experiences humor in their lives, they can feel a sensation of relief and relaxtion. This is due to the release of pressure in our system; whether that be a mental or physical being (Morreall). Within The Big Bang Theory exists numerous tense or stressful situations that are inevitably relieved through the use of humor. A specific instance that comes to mind occurs when Raj has sexually-oriented dreams about Bernadette. This becomes an incredibly awkward situation, and Raj, therefore, acts awkwardly in her presence. These behaviors continue until Raj can express his thoughts with another person. Raj was unable even to make eye contact, or hold a conversation until he was able to relieve the stress caused by this situation through the use of humor within the series. Raj eventually overcomes this awkward tension by singing the song that was prevalent in his dream out loud until he was confronted and forced to explain his odd behavior. It was found to be an incredibly humorous situation between the members of his social circle. By utilizing humor to relieve the awkward tension, Raj dramatically decreased the stress created by his situation. While the Superiority Theory says that the cause of laughter is feelings of superiority, and the Relief Theory says that it is the release of nervous energy, the Incongruity Theory says that it is the perception of something incongruous—something that violates our mental patterns and expectations. This approach was taken by James Beattie, Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, Søren Kierkegaard, and many later philosophers and psychologists. It is now the dominant theory of humor in philosophy and psychology ("Philosophy of Humor" 2016). In the series, Leonard has a very educated and well-renowned mother who is a psychologist. Sheldon loves when she visits because they are like mother and son whereas Leonard hates when she visits because she hardly pays any attention to him and usually attributes his desires to be with his mother has some childhood conflicts protruding into his adulthood. With that being said there are some instances within this show that are unlike anything anyone would have expected as the incongruity theory illustrates. For instance, Leonard's mother went out for some drinks before relaxing that evening after a long flight. The show leads her towards Sheldon but who would ever think that they would get together; until they kiss near the end of the episode. Not only does this catch us off guard as an audience due to the social norm of boundaries but also because it is Sheldon's best friend with his mother. Furthermore, we are brought into the same situation when Raj and Howard return from the Antarctic for quite a long experiment with full-grown beards. This is hilarious because we have a conceived image of these individuals in our mind before they are shown at home but also the reactions given by their loved-ones within the series tops the punchline. Throughout life we must be able to embrace the sense of humor and enable ourselves to find the relief, no matter at what capacity, that is necessary for stress management. Without these theories being tested we would not be able to quantify why we find certain situations humorous and be able to create them intentionally.

Did you like this example?

The Big Bang Theory TV Show. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Bill Gates’ Short Biography

Born in 1955, Bill Gates went from being a kid in Seattle, Washington to becoming the richest man in the world. You may be asking yourself, “How did this happen?” Well, it was a long process. Gates earned his money from being successful in his entrepreneurial business, Microsoft. This mission was not easy for him, but he was determined to change the world. Just like Michael Jordan in basketball, Bill Gates also experienced some failures in his life. But, he never gave up and kept putting forth his best effort. Bill Gates shows grit because he’s an entrepreneur who changed the world through his contributions to business, education, world health, and poverty reduction.

It all started when he first used a computer in high school. Gates was asked to solve some computer problems in the computer lab. Gates easily mastered that objective and he was able to solve problems on any computer. It got to the point where he mastered hacking computers and Gates eventually was banned from the computer lab. This didn’t stop him from working on a computer. Gates met a friend named Paul Allen and later met Paul Gilbert. Together, they worked on a project called the Traf-O-Data. This was the first system with a processor, known today as “Intel.” According to the book, Who is Bill Gates, “At Lakeside, Bill had discovered his life’s passion,” and his future in computers had begun (Demuth 18). He ended up dropping out of Harvard University at the end of his sophomore year to work on another project called the MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems) Altair. This was when Gates and Allen introduced a company known today as Microsoft. Bill Gates had many accomplishments throughout his life. According to The Washington Post article, Gates believed that “innovation comes from collaboration. Great ideas don’t appear in isolation.” He and Allen founded Microsoft, which was a combination of “micro-computer” and “software.” By 1979, Microsoft was gaining around $2.5 million and Gates was only 23 years old. Between 1979 and 1981, the growth of Microsoft increased like never before with both employment and consumers. Gates later convinced IBM that Microsoft could meet their needs. This was when Gates bought a computer that was similar to IBM because they didn’t have the requirements. By 1983, Microsoft went global with offices in Great Britain and Japan; 30 percent of the computers in the world were running Microsoft’s software. This was a few years before Microsoft released Windows. Gates has accomplished many things and has many more accomplishments to come.

Bill Gates made many important contributions to world health through his philanthropy. He created a foundation with his wife, Melinda Gates, known today as the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He started by donating $28 billion to his foundation. Gates tried to master all sorts of scientific knowledge on where to get money. He outlined goals for global health, such as cutting the number of annual deaths of children under five down to 2.5 million in the next 15 years. As stated in the Devex article, “The goal is to get medicines and vaccines out to everybody who needs them.” He also convinced some businesses to donate money to healthcare around the world. He helped get billions of dollars for vaccines around the world to fight malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis. He immersed himself in this area until it became successful. Gates also achieved a great deal in the area of education. He believes in collaboration for people to solve problems together. According to Gates, one of the biggest issues in public education is inequality. In the CNBC article, Gates stated, “Melinda and I made public education our top priority in the US because we wanted to do something about the disparity in achievement and post-secondary success for students of color and low-income students.” He is committed to understanding this and all issues in great depth. Gates learned technical information to solve problems. In 2018, Gates saw an opportunity with a new federal education law that would have repercussions in American classrooms. He wanted schools to have standards and put money towards education. Even though Gates’s influence is often invisible, his foundation is driving the conversation on how to reshape America’s struggling school systems. The Gates Foundation spent about $44 million focused on the 2015 law called the Every Student Succeeds Act. The law allows flexibility to create their own education system and in turn, will get federal money for following their own rules. Gates was influential in supporting Common Core academic standards. In terms of dollars, his foundations are the top funder of school reform in the US. Since 2001, his foundation contributed more than 6 billion dollars towards reshaping American schools. Bill Gates took a stand and was dedicated to helping poor people all over the world. According to Time Magazine, “Bill Gates points to two recent waves of poverty reduction—first in China and then in India—and discusses what it would take to achieve a third wave in Africa.” Bill Gates said in order to help Africa, people would have to invest in health and education. He wants to teach African farmers what kinds of crops would grow best there so they can make money and not be so poor. Gates wants to see Africans be able to sell goods rather than buy goods. He also wants Africans to be able to go to school, get a job, and be healthy throughout their lives. This means that they need education and healthcare. Gates has had many ups and downs during his lifetime.

Microsoft is still in business today and will likely be in business until the world ends. Not only that he founded Microsoft, but he also became the youngest human being to become a billionaire at the age of 31. This eventually led to him becoming the richest man on earth by age 39. However, not everything that he did was successful, he did have some failures along the way. When he was younger he was banned from the computer lab for hacking. When he was about to create Windows, a furious Steve Jobs called him about stealing his idea. Luckily, Gates proved him wrong. Gates’s biggest setback was when he was sued by the US Government. He was sued by the US Government because they said his company, Microsoft, was a monopoly. Bill Gates shows grit because he’s an entrepreneur who changed the world through his contributions to business, education, world health, and poverty reduction. His first experience using a computer was in high school. He mastered problem-solving and hacking (which he eventually got banned from the computer lab for.)

Did you like this example?

Bill Gates' Short Biography. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Richard Rodriguez Education Theories

Even though those who supported the effort and idea of bilingual education were Hispanic, Rodriguez is trying to be as unique as possible, by making himself different than other Hispanic thinkers. Even though the language of Spanish feels like a return towards the joys of being connected, Rodriguez knows that English was the communication for survival and for the success of those who deemed it worthy for success. I believed that he is correct. Most of the change that comes in language can depend on how you speak to others. I did not have an accent when I spoke English or Spanish, but it was definitive that I learned more Spanish. Rodriguez wants to experience the sounds of the words that he was speaking when he was younger. Of course, I was the opposite; as I wanted to see what kind of sense the words had when I spoke them. The relationship between Rodriguez and the English language looked to be filled with misery for him because of the separation between him and his parents. For my own relationship between my personal goals and the language, it was better to be attuned to the silence that the language did not produce. This separation of identity and silence has made Rodriguez, and myself, master the language that came into our learning experience. That is what Rodriguez was pertaining towards in his contemplation towards feeling the premise of returning “home” with his language. The sense that he will be assimilated by the freshness of language makes the process of confidence more open-minded for Rodriguez. Fortunately, the warmth of his childhood comes through, not from the loss of sound that constitutes from the language, but from the public identity that has surfaced as a result of his education. It is from that education that Rodriguez has gained the opportunity to understand his change and his triumph from sharing his personal experiences when he was young.

The role of being bilingual can be seen as a foolish thought presented by Rodriguez, since he believes that the lower-class will not be as skilled of learning both languages as those of the middle or upper classes. There can be a goal in place for those who would like to consort the learning activity of bilingualism, but according to Rodriguez, it seems as though that goal would take someone else’s voice and not use it in a sensible way than the other person. Being bilingual can make those join together in the American culture, but since there are numerous Hispanics who would otherwise feel as though they have power within themselves to be alone, they too stand with the concept of being together, but doing it, alone.

I believe that he would consider himself not being identifiable with either being American or Hispanic because it would probably be a waste of breath and, with both sides of the spectrum having their own negative reinforcements, he sees it as somewhat of a struggle to pick one or the other. To me, I do agree that there is both a positive and negative aspect in both languages, but I would see both languages as having no flaws. I would enjoy speaking both languages and I would tell others, if they ask me whether I am Hispanic or American, I would proudly say that I am Hispanic. Rodriguez wants to show that effective communication can be a better view of building minorities to tackle education rather than separating their education based on class.

The vein of speaking, no matter what kind of language you want it to be, can qualify as the declaration of unity towards those you love or the declaration of separation. The first chapter breaks down the way Rodriguez deals with the incomprehensible knowledge of being socially disadvantaged from the other children. I am surprised that he becomes happy of earning an “English” version of his name instead of going to someone and telling them how to properly pronounce his name. Like anyone else with Hispanic origin, Rodriguez feels much more comfortable with the Spanish language more than anything. He says, “I’d wait for her [his mother] to return to soft-speaking Spanish, which assured me that the stranger was gone” (p.13). From that end, once he was assimilating himself within the socially advantaged by learning English, Rodriguez was now known as a “pocho” by his family. The book says in part: “He was a Pocho, a mexican-american who, in becoming an American, forgets his native society” (p.22). I can see that reading this portion of this first chapter shows Rodriguez taking apart the differential learning curve between private and public identity. Both can be used to make a language feel “triumphant” over the other. He would value both languages and explain the intimacy which both languages represent. After learning English, there was no more confidence in speaking Spanish (sort of like me). It took me a while to perfect the Spanish language and there would be times where I would try and speak to someone in Spanish, but in a shy manner. The confidence that I had to grow within my speaking habits took me a while to bring about for myself (since I began speaking when I was two or three years old) so it took me a while to develop.

Did you like this example?

Richard Rodriguez Education Theories. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Examining what Reality TV is about

Examining Reality Television Have you ever stopped for a moment and realize how reality Television ruins you? reality TV is a big distraction; it degrades value and encourages unhealthy relationships. These are proven facts.in today's society including myself reality TV has taken so much of our focus and attention and has impacted us in many ways.it has promoted our standards and behavior it has caused the increase of self-hate, crimes and bullying to increase higher than ever. Examining reality television is important to me because it distracts you from your own problems, degrade value, and encourage unhealthy relationships. We often are blinded and mislead by a thing that takes away our focus and attention. Reality TV helps you by distracting yourself in a way that you start escaping what's really going on around you. Channels around the world are surfing which makes it increasingly difficult to avoid reality TV as a distraction. it helps you to stop worrying about a problem by turning your back on it. The feeling of feeling bored, angry and feeling depressed is procrastination. Distractions of reality TV is like a drug; they leave you craving for more. even worse, they make you feel apathetic. When you're distracting yourself with reality TV, you're taking away your attention from reality meaning you're not really living. Our youth today are the ones that are mainly being degraded by value when dealing with reality TV. Reality TV has become the top rating all over the world. it has impacted many people it has revealed worldly things and has influenced things that us as people are trying to prevent. things such as bullying, drama, and aggressiveness. Adults on these reality shows must realize the effect that their actions are leaving on younger people. Our youth are being exposed to things that other generations before them would have never been allowed to see. our standards for what is acceptable in society have lowered. the increase in bullying, self-esteem, crimes, violence, gangs, makeup, colored hair, and sexuality has improved drastically due to reality TV in my opinion. Many relationships are failing and becoming unhealthy due to the influence that reality TV has. the truth is that these reality TV shows are encouraging unacceptable behavior. They are praying on the minds of younger peoples. They are basically saying what you see is what you believe and what we do is acceptable. Reality tv is also ruining the lives of people in healthy relationships by having them living up to unrealistic expectations and promoting shows with unreal life events. People who watch these shows start to believe that these shows are real. it has an impact on how mates are supposed to treat each other, how you are supposed to live, and what you wear, how you suppose to act and what you should and shouldn't tolerate. Giving these shows more attention then what's important also cause a relationship to go downhill. Taking a break sometimes and finding something you both enjoy can restore what has been lost. In order to adequately analyze the effects on society that reality TV perpetuates, it is important to first examine and understand why and how reality TV came about. Looking back on our history, we see economic recessions as the smoking gun to speak for creation. Reality TV provided producers with an easy and cheap way to continue turning into a huge profit. We then have must look at reality TV and what it means to society. Reality TV is no different than an advertisement in this sense, it more sinister in the way it preaches and creates certain imagery that becomes deeply ingrained within our culture. Reality TV has provided us with masses tools and techniques necessary for shaping and guiding individual's in life in outward appearance as well as how it impacted failed relationships.

Did you like this example?

Examining What Reality TV Is About. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

The Characteristics of Reality TV

Outline the characteristics of Reality TV that call into question the realism of what is being portrayed. In your answer provide examples of the methods used by Reality TV shows to enhance the entertainment value at the expense of capturing reality. Reality TV is a type of television programming which aims to show how ordinary people behave in everyday life, or in situations, often created by the programme makers, which are intended to represent everyday life ( Dictionary, 2019).The typical elements of what a reality tv show is made of: The producers are the ones in charge of every aspect of the programme as well as the ‘celebrities’ that are chosen to be in the show. Sometimes the producers intentionally choose characters that are ‘controversial’ or are likely to start some sort of drama within the group of people in the programme. Some of the things that would be left to the producers to decide invent rules and create situations that the ‘contestants’ would be put in, come up with tasks for the ‘contestants’ to do, they would award points / incentives. They also decide the winners, as well as present favourably or not and they also reward prizes/ rewards to those who do well in games or ‘challenges. Subjects, or ‘contestants’, often placed out of their ‘natural’ environment i.e. they are often placed in a reserved house, or in some cases they are put on an island and are left to their own devices. There are many different ‘types’ of reality tv: documentary style, historical recreation, dating shows, law enforcement /courtroom /military type of shows, makeover, celebrity shows, hidden camera, game shows and talent shows. Some of these shows lean on actual reality when it comes to creating a storyline etc. The show that kicked started the reality tv obsession was ‘Survivor’. In the year 2000, CBS picked up a new reality show called ‘Survivor.’ “One of the reasons that this show even got aired was because there was a popularity amongst the reality type of shows in Europe, as well as the fact that the cost of drama shows, and sitcoms were rising, and they needed to produce another type of show that could balance out the costs of producing shows.” (Metz, 2007). No matter the reason, it ended up being one of the most successful TV moves in recent history. (Metz, 2007). The "Survivor" concept had been created by British producer Charlie Parsons almost a decade earlier, but it was Mark Burnett who brought it to American television. (Metz, 2007). The reality TV segment is essentially based on completely unscripted programming that doesn't employ actors and focuses on footage of real events or situations. (Metz, 2007). One of the most important aspects of reality TV is probably the way the show is shot. Whether the show takes place in a real setting with real people (much like a documentary), shoots in front of a live studio audience that participates in the program, or uses hidden surveillance, reality TV relies on the camera capturing everything as it happens. (Metz, 2007). One of the contestants from the first season of the show "Survivor" Stacey Stillman, filed a lawsuit against the then producer Mark Burnett and CBS. Stacey claimed that Burnett had purposefully rigged the show by convincing two other contestants, that were in the same show as her, into voting her off the show and the island. Stillman said that “Burnett wanted to keep 72-year-old contestant Rudy Boesch on the island to maintain an older viewing demographic.” (Metz, 2007.) Ultimately, reality producers and editors have a lot of control over what happens on the show, just by the sheer fact that they've put the people together in certain situations, and they're controlling what footage gets aired and what doesn't (ScreenPrism). “They can also use a device known as ‘frankenbiting’ to edit together conversation excerpts or sound bites to create a whole new dialogue or conversation.” Footage that was captured days apart can come to appear as one scene or situation, so in a sense, the people who are running the show are tricking the audience as we are led to believe that the situations are real. Reality shows typically don't have scripts, but there is often a shooting script or an outline that details aspects of an episode or part of the show, for example, on shows like "The Real World" and "Big Brother," which take place in confined quarters, the outline might give directions for which rooms or cameras to focus on. It might set up a specific challenge for the contestants on "Survivor" or "The Amazing Race." (Metz, 2007). A shooting script could also create conflict between some of the participants (by pairing specific people as roommates or partners on "The Real World" or "Beauty and the Geek"). In extreme cases, a shooting script might include a storyboard -- a visual representation of the concept that physically illustrates what will occur in a scene. (Metz, 2007). Big Brother's success was encouraged, from early on, by unusual levels of publicity. (Lawson, 2009). Most of the popular press, but the Sun, News of the World and Heat magazine, were willing to give headline coverage to the housemates and their departures, both from the show and the rules. (Lawson, 2009). This symbiotic relationship with a TV format had begun with soaps, the red-tops regularly splashing on plot-lines and cast-changes in EastEnders and Coronation Street – but the remarkable aspect of this stage of the game was that such attention was being given to a series transmitted on a minority network, Channel 4. (Lawson, 2009). Despite the show ‘Survivor’ being the first reality tv show due to the elements of the show, it was in fact known that the show ‘Big Brother’ is the first actual reality tv show (Lawson, 2009). Some of the main concepts of the show included: There were 10 People in the house at the time the show was being aired, it was aired over a period of 9 weeks, it was known that there would be 1 Winner, and they would also be in the 1 House and the strictest rule was that there would be no contact with the outside world. There would be no privacy for any of the contestants. (Lawson, 2009). In total, there were 24 Cameras distributed around the house that the contestants were living in. In the show, Big Brother there are set rules that occur and elements that the public knows as they come to know as they watch the programme. (Lawson, 2009). Each week, the people in the house vote for two people to be nominated for eviction. The people with the highest votes are put to the public vote, who then vote out who they want to leave. (Lawson, 2009). This continues up until the final week when 3 people are remaining, the public then vote for who they want to win. In addition, each week the group are set tasks on which they can gamble a percentage of their food budget. (Lawson, 2009). Big Brother was streamed live over the internet 24 hours a day, and had a show on every weekday. The eviction show was on Friday nights hosted by Davina McCall. (Lawson, 2009). What many reality TV shows don’t want you to believe is that there are aspects of their shows that are scripted. (Metz, 2007) Even if drawn from spontaneous occurrences, reality TV still involves framing an episode or season around a narrative that makes the show interesting to watch. (Metz, 2007) In episodes of the show, Keeping Up With The Kardashians, the storylines have revolved around anything from celebrating Kris Jenner’s birthday to Khloe Kardashian being overworked, so you could go as far to say that there is no length that the family won’t go to advertise themselves and seemingly make money from their private problems being aired on the show. (Metz, 2007) To be honest, nowadays, with the So, are some aspects of the show staged? Most signs point to that being the case. (ScreenPrism, 2011) That’s just how reality TV works, structure-wise. Is the actual content Keeping Up with the Kardashians authentic? Well, we should take their life events for what they are: their reality. (ScreenPrism, 2011) It would be silly to consider that Khloe may have only married Lamar for the show or that Kourtney and Scott broke up to create a storyline for the season. (ScreenPrism, 2011) What happens on the show, what happens in their actual lives, is based on reality. That reality may be scripted in a way that adheres to the reality TV format, but it is still the Kardashians' own glamorous, must-watch reality. (ScreenPrism, 2011). In conclusion, the whole concept of reality tv was, at one point, unable to reach the viewers at home. With the invention of such things as social media, as well as the internet nowadays, it has given the general public more of a reach into the ‘world’ of reality television. The fact that we can find out so easily on the internet how a reality tv is made, and what are the concepts behind it, means that that people can see if a show, or certain scenes are set up or if they are real.

Did you like this example?

The Characteristics of Reality TV. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

The Problems of Reality TV

If you want to feel bad about yourself, reality t.v. might just me for you! Reality t.v. has become very popular over the past 20 years. For some it is a guilty pleasure, but for others it is harmful. Reality t.v. causes people to have unrealistic expectations, harms self-image, and promotes bullying. One of the effects of reality t.v. is unrealistic expectations. Most of the time when you watch reality t.v. the people are very rich, have fancy houses and cars. Those are very unrealistic expectations. Also, people who have their own reality show, success came very easy to them. Either on a popular show, by famous parents, or a viral video. Lastly, people on reality t.v. are spoiled and get whatever they want. People sometimes act a certain way to get what they want. As you can see, reality t.v. can give unrealistic expectations. Another effect of reality t.v. is worrying about self-image. When you watch reality t.v. you see perfect bodies. You see them eating healthy to get thin and skinny. Some even have plastic surgery. Also, it can cause eating disorders, which can cause health issues and death. People get sick trying not to eat so they can be skinny. Lastly, people might thinking they are ugly and not good enough. People mess up their faces by getting botox, lip fillers, and more. In conclusion, reality t.v. is very harmful to viewer’s self-image. Lastly, reality t.v. can cause bullying. Reality t.v. has a lot of inappropriate actions. People may think it is cool to act that way. So, they act that way. Also, people on reality t.v. can lie straight through their teeth. It might look easy to people so they do it. Finally, people who are on reality t.v. love to gossip about others and start problems. It might seem funny and harmless to others, but it is a really bad thing to do. Now as you can see reality t.v. can cause this world’s biggest problem, bullying. Without a doubt, reality t.v. has some of the worst effects on its viewers. Reality t.v is being watched by millions of impressionable young ones. These young ones are growing up with unreal views. Is this what you want for our generations to come?

Did you like this example?

The Problems of Reality TV. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Reality TV Ideas of Love and Dating

Contents

What is Romantic Love?
Effects on Dating
Effects on ideas of Romantic Love
Analysis

Is it real? All that is on TV today is reality TV show after reality TV show and majority of them are about finding their “true love”. If you have not seen any of these types of shows, let’s just have a quick summary. Basically, what happens is a man or women is given 8 to 12 weeks to find their “true love” out of about 12 to 40 candidates that the show has picked for them. Majority of these shows end in a proposal, the kicker is majority of these couples end up not staying together. This is something that was mentioned in study done by Omotayo Banjo that he saw in another study done by Krieder and Fields. They found there is a 40% divorce rate in America right now and there is a predicted divorce rate of 50% within the next few years (Krieder & Fields, 2002, p. 3-5). Are seeing these couples that have said they are meant to be together crumble creating a more common occurrence for America’s just to throw in the towel on their marriages? Is this changing the world’s idea of what a healthy and romantic relationship is supposed to be like or are we just watching these shows for the entertainment and making fun of these people for thinking they can find romantic love in 12 weeks? These shows may also be affecting society’s idea of dating and how that is supposed to happen. There are shows out there were individuals are brought together and forced to form a relationship with someone to try and win money, but they do not have loyalties to anyone. Could this be shaping the minds of people that dating is very casual and that it does not have to lead to anything, and one can just hurt people without any repercussions? Reality TV is influencing society but it’s not changing who people are. It may be affecting some of the world’s thoughts and ideas but, it is just allowing people to express feelings that they have probably always had.

What is Romantic Love?

Romantic love has many different definitions and has continuously change over time. During the Middle Ages romantic love was the poetic love that was extremely glorified. In the 19th century it was the type of love that every strived to have, it was the most wanted form of love. Today, the true definition of romantic love is still changing every day, but it can be defined as passionate love that can include sexual desire, physical attraction and elation but there also needs to be commitment along with push and pull within the relationship.

Effects on Dating

Many shows today on television are becoming increasingly more commonly about relationships and love. In a study done by Michael Milmine, he examined the effects of how these shows are affecting the dating behaviors of young minds. (Milmine, 2013) In his study he surveyed forty-six students at a small university in Tennessee, there were 21 men and 25 women that completed the study. The students completed a Milmine Social Interaction and Media Instrument (MSIAMI) that measures television viewing (Milmine, 2013). The results of Milmine’s study found several different relationships between television viewing and different aspects of a relationship but most of the results were weak correlations. He found that individuals that watch more romantic or sexual tv tend to have lower expectations and physical touch with their partner. This could be because the individual is spending more time watching television than with each other (Milmine, 2013). After reading the results of this study, I agree with Milmine’s finding; if one is engulfed in a television it makes sense that there would be less touching within a relationship, but the lower expectation took me by surprise. There are several circumstances when I have been watching a reality show and thought to myself, ‘I want that in a guy’ and then I catch myself and realize how unrealistic that is. After having that thought to myself, maybe that is what happens to other people as well so then we lower our expectations instead of making them too high. This adverse effect is not ideal either, television should not be telling us what we want. Milmine also stated that a lot of young adult’s report using television as a source to help them learn about dating. (Milmine, 2013) I do not necessarily disagree with this, but I think everything on television needs to be taken with a grain of salt. It is not the ideal place to learn about dating but I can teach young adults some aspects of a relationship, but it does not need to be taken literally, which I think is the problem with society right now. Based off Milmine’s research, he also concluded that there was a was a relationship between the amount of television viewed and the frequency of kissing within a relationship. He found that the more romantic television that was watch, the more kissing that took place within a relationship (Milmane, 2013). This statistic was not very surprising to me at all because when one experiences a romantic experience together, it has the potential to get an individual in the moment as well. Milmine’s research was incredibly interesting because his findings were much different than I expected but his explanations made me realize that although individuals do spend about 2.7 hours a day watching television (U.S. Department of Labor, 2011), we are still somewhat responsible for what we allow to affect our behaviors, whether it is conscious or subconscious.

Effects on ideas of Romantic Love

A survey was performed by Omotayo Banjo on how media viewing is affecting the status and satisfaction of their relationships as well as the idea of romantic love. Humans have an innate perception of how they feel in a relationship as well as what that deserve. It stated in this article that based on the Cultivation theory, heavy consumption of media might create false schemas about ideal relationships, thereby creating false perceptions of what we deserve (Banjo, 2002). After reading this statement in the article, it made sense. When watching these types of shows and seeing what these men and women will go through just to find the one, it is going to change what one thinks they deserve. When seeing a man jump a fence on this season of the Bachelor because the women he wanted to be with left him, it was a common idea to see floating around that said “get you a man that will jump a fence for you”, this idea is absurd to me but makes a lot of sense as to why some individuals would watch a love show, trying to figure what they want in a partner or what they believe they deserve. This survey was given to men and women whose ages ranged from college aged to older adults. The participants were randomly selected to complete a questionnaire. There were 67 women and 41 males that participated. The questionnaire asked several different forms of questions, some of the questions were open-ended, while others were scaled about their media usage as well as their martial status or thoughts on marriage.(Banjo, 2002) Banjo’s research tested several different hypothesis but the main on of focus about how reality tv consumption affected a person’s idea of romantic relationship was found not to have a significant correlation (Banjo, 2002). In another research study performed by Bjarne M. Holmes, he explored the idea of how romantic tv skews individuals’ ideas about beliefs in romance destiny (Holmes, 2007). Romantic destiny is just the ideas of if individuals believe in soul mates or if relationships just happen because individuals make it work. This study was very appealing to me because I do not believe in soul mates, I believe that there is someone out there for everyone, but I do not think there is just one person for everyone. Shows such as the bachelor make it seem like everyone that comes on the show is going to find their person and they might, but it does not work out like that for everyone and that just goes back to the point that reality tv gives individuals unrealistic expectations. Holmes’ study was conducted on 294 undergraduate students, 84 men and 209 women. The students were asked about their preference about romantic tv and asked to scale how much they watch it. They were then asked about their beliefs in predestined soul mates and then asked question about Dysfunctional beliefs related to relationship destiny. The results of Holmes’s study were that there was a positive correlation between individuals preferred/like of romance media and individuals' beliefs in predestined soul-mates as well as for individual’s belief that mind-reading is expected in relationships (Holmes, 2002). After seeing this study, this made my mind start turning. People that watch romantic tv may believe in soul mates and some may not, this shows that although tv might influence an individual’s thoughts to some extent, I do not think it can complete shape a person’s beliefs. I do think it is having an effect on what individuals are expecting out of a relationship because it is giving us unrealistic ideals but in the same sense I do not think it can complete take a non-believer and make them a believer, it’s effect is not that strong. A lot of the effect that the media is having on our population is coming from our individual thoughts. If a person has high expectations to begin with after watching the Bachelor, their expectations are going to sky rocket. If someone does not believe in soul mates and then watches the Bachelorette, it probably will not make them believe in soul mates. It’s a personally choice about what we see as romantic love and although television is having an effect and possibly altering our thoughts, it’s not changing who a person is or what they have always felt deep down; it’s just helping to bring those ideals to the surface.

Analysis

Society is surrounded by things that shape our behaviors and affect our thoughts every single day. Is reality television one of those aspects? There are so many shows out there that are about romance and dating such as The Bachelor/Bachelorette or Temptation Island, but what are these shows doing to us? After all the research that I have seen, reality tv can affect our minds and possible some of our behaviors but it does not have the ability to completely change who an individual is. Reality TV is a guilty pleasure of mine and I have always been one that watches and then never thinks much about it again. I have caught myself a couple of times saying ‘I want a guy like that’ but later realize that is so unrealistic and that is the premise of the show, it is entertainment. There are aspects of all the research that I agree with such as Banjo finding that reality tv can sometimes skew an individuals expectations, making a person want traits in a character that they have seen on the show but I also agree with Milmane’s findings that reality tv can also lower the expectations of their partner. Based off that, I cannot come to a complete yes reality tv is affecting society ideas of love and dating or no it is not. Every person view love differently and therefor reality television has a different affect on each individual person. It has some effects on our behaviors, but it is not defining all of society’s dating and love habits.

Did you like this example?

Reality TV Ideas of Love and Dating. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

The Truth Behind Reality Television Dancers

Although many children are enrolled in ballet classes at a young age, few are able to make it to professional dance careers. With a multitude of careers available in the dance industry, it would seem simple to succeed in one, but in reality: it requires blood, sweat, tears, and incredible talent. As shows such as So You Think You Can Dance and Dancing With The Stars gain ratings, many dancers turn to reality television for their big break, something to feed their passion of dance, and a wad of cash. However, with low wages, long rehearsals, and little protection, dancers hoping to be in the limelight, may just end up regretting it. The amount of talent on both series is incredible.

Unlike most jobs, no formal education is necessary. Nevertheless, their casting directors are extremely selective. Dancers may work their entire lives up to their audition in order to show the directors that they deserve a spot on the series. So You Think You Can Dance auditions are held across the country during the winter, allowing the series to premiere in the summer. Applicants are required to complete an application form and read all regulations, one of which includes an age requirement between 18 and 30 years. The show, its producers, and network are also signed off as not being responsible for any injuries sustained during the competition. Applicants send in video submissions and wait for a casting director to let them know they are able to audition in their city. At their audition, a panel of judges watches applicants closely to choose those who interest them most. Those chosen then move forward to a callback round where they work with incredible choreographers to perform in front of judges who then choose a top 20. The Dancing With The Stars audition process is quite different. As it seems, dancers must be world renowned for their ballroom dance in order to gain a spot on the show. After winning numerous competitions, only then will a dancer really have a chance at auditions. While sources are quite unclear, dancers on both shows are seemingly protected under SAG-AFTRA (Screen Actors Guild?American Federation of Television and Radio Artists), a labor union representing a variety of media professionals around the world. SAG-AFTRA contracts protect workers from workplace harassment, allow for increases in wages and overtime pay, and sets a maximum rehearsal time in the interest of contestants. However, the low wages and long hours contestants face makes it seem as though they either are not protected or the union does not actually do as much as it should. Quite like many other reality tv shows, dancers on So You Think You Can Dance do not get a fixated wage but rather just barely enough money to live off of.

Although the winner receives $250,000, a 2010 article published by The Miami Herald states that the show’s contestants receive roughly $500 a week. Adjusted for inflation, that is closer to $600 today, but still not nearly enough compensation for their daily 16 hour rehearsals. When the top 10 finalists are offered to tour, they are offered over $1000 which is now about $1,160. On Dancing With The Stars, the professional dancer salary is quite secret. Working for up to 10 weeks of airtime, and pre-season rehearsals, the show’s professional dancers give up their lives for the show but are still paid much less than their celebrity counterparts. In early seasons, it was reported that they had a salary of $1,600, but it is now up to about $5,200, depending on their admiration. The veteran professionals are able to negotiate their salaries because they are favored by the public. They are able to make a lot more than newcomers because of their seniority. The average professional dancer's salary is close to $100,000 for the full season and practice time. Many dancers have gigs during the off-seasons of the show, including dance studios. So You Think You Dance contestants and their choreographers must put together their routines in about 6 hours. After selecting their partners and genres post-show on Tuesday, dancers only have until 5 pm the following Tuesday to make their dances competitive for the live show. The day of the show dancers are able to run through their routines 2 or 3 times on stage, receive notes from their choreographers between trips to hair and makeup, and a dance rehearsal later in the day. The dancers rehearse on camera, off camera, and on their own throughout the week in order to perform well on stage. Although it is a strenuous process each week, their hard work pays off during each and every live show.

On Dancing With The Stars, rehearsals usually last about four hours, many times twice a day, in public dance facilities around Hollywood. Contestants commonly lose weight due to their constant dancing. Any given week will usually include media interviews, makeup application, costume fittings, and camera blocking. It is important to make note that much of what goes on behind the cameras, in a place viewers will never see, is just as important as what airs each week. Dancers on reality television series such as Dancing With The Stars and So You Think You Can Dance face pressure, long rehearsals, and low wages in order to get their opportunity at their big break. However, while many of them learn a lot from their incredible journey on the show, others may look back at their experience with great regret.

Did you like this example?

The Truth Behind Reality Television Dancers. (2020, Nov 02). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2020/11/page/4/

Month: November 2020

Andy Warhol and Pop Art

Cite this page

Andy Warhol’s Artwork Campbell’s Soup

Cite this page

Andy Warhol – Pioheer of Pop Art

Cite this page

Brief Report on Andy Warhol

Cite this page

Basis of Big Bang Theory

Cite this page

The Big Bang Theory TV Show

Cite this page

Bill Gates’ Short Biography

Cite this page

Richard Rodriguez Education Theories

Cite this page

The Characteristics of Reality TV

Cite this page

The Problems of Reality TV

Cite this page

The Truth Behind Reality Television Dancers

Cite this page

Pages

Archives

Categories