John Hale in the Crucible

How is it possible for one to be so benevolent, yet still stimulate so much controversy and even death? In Arthur Millerr's The Crucible, we see Reverend Haler's naivety, altruism, and sincere nature that leads him to have too much faith in humanity and cause many issues throughout the play.

At the beginning of The Crucible, we can see Reverend Haler's altruistic nature, and his desire to help people, a hidden characteristic because of the manipulation he falls for and the aggressive interrogations he does at the beginning of the play. His eagerness to solve problems can sometimes have consequences. Hale is first summoned to Salem by Reverend Parris, so he can examine his daughter, Betty, to determine if she has been afflicted. Before Hale examines Betty, he wants to be sure that Parris is willing to listen to his advice. He tells Parris, We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her (Miller 12). Hale is taking his job seriously and wants to make sure that everyone else is as well. He is not just doing this for money or selfish reasons, but rather uses his skills to help people. After Hale arrives, Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft to clear her name, and as a result, Tituba receives an interrogation from Hale to find out if she is telling the truth and to help Tituba if she is. He tells her to, Take courage, you must give us all their names.

How can you bear to see these children suffering? Look at them, Tituba-look at their God-given innocence; their souls are so tender; we must protect them, Tituba; the devil is out and preying on them like a beast upon the flesh of the pure lamb...God will bless you for your help (17) Hale wants to help the innocent children he thinks have been afflicted, and by recognizing their innocence when talking to Abigail, it is his attempt to trying to help them. Later on, Hale goes to the Proctors home to question them himself before they appear in court, so he does not jump to conclusions about their innocence. When he concludes that they are innocent, he tries to help them. He says, God keeps you both; let the third child be quickly baptized, and go you without fail each Sunday into Sabbath prayer; and keep a solemn, quiet way among you (30). Hale tells the Proctors to try to appear more Christian so no one will question them and their faith. Compared to other characters such as Reverend Parris and Abigail , Hale is not in it to help himself, and he is genuinely trying to help people. Reverend Hale arrives in Salem in response to Reverend Parrisr's cry for help and although some of the accusations he made may have ended up hurting people, he dedicates his life to his faith and helping people.

In the middle and end of the play, we can see Reverend Haler's naivety toward the court which later leads to internal conflict and severe consequences. Before Hale jumps to any conclusions, he goes to visit the Proctors to see for himself if he thinks they are innocent. He tells them, ''I am a stranger here, as you know. And in my ignorance, I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused before the court (31). Hale is acknowledging the fact that his judgment may be clouded due to the bias of the people whom he is getting information from; therefore, he must make his own decisions. Hale is speaking to Proctor when Elizabeth is being taken away under the charge of witchcraft. Hale pleads, Charity, Proctor, Charity”what I have heard in her favor I will not fear to testify in court. God help me, I cannot judge her guilty nor innocent I know not. Only this consider the world goes mad, and it profits nothing you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little girl (26). Hale believes that Goody Proctor will be released, but realizes he is wrong and the trust he has within the court fades. Francis Nurse is concerned about the future of his wife after she is charged with witchcraft, and Hale tells him the court make the right decision. He tells Nurse, "Believe me, Mr. Nurse, if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning. Let you rest upon the justice of the court; the court will send her home, I know it (31). When Hale says this, it proves that he fully trusts the court. He thinks they will release the innocent and punish the guilty. Coming into Salem, Hale has full trust in the justice system and that they will do their job, however, as the trial progresses, he begins to realize that the court can have alternative motives.

By looking at Reverend Hale at the end of Tthe Crucible, we can see the sincere guilt he has for the innocent people dying. The longer Hale is in Salem, the more aware he becomes of the corruption within the court. Hale is in the vestry room of the Meeting House where an examination is going on when Abigail pretends that Mary Warren, the Proctorr's maid, is sending sends a freezing wind through the courtroom and is sending her spirit out in the shape of a bird to hurt her. The judge believes Abigail and arrests Proctor and Corey. Hale is outraged by her obvious lies and even goes as far as to quit histhe job. He exclaims, I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court! (57). Hale devotes his life to his job and to quit and announce witchcraft as fraud proves he is a sincere and honest man. This is ironic because many of the other characters in the play do things solely to helping themselves, while Hale is just looking out for other people. After Hale has been gone for some time, he returns to Salem to try to fix what he feels as though it is his fault. He tells Danforth, Why, it is all simple. I come to do the Devil?s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head! (62). Hale feels responsible for the executions because as they expect in the situation, he feels culpable for the situation. After Proctor is arrested and sentenced to a hanging because of being found guilty, Hale tries to convince Goody Proctor to persuade John to confess, so he does not die. He tells Goody Proctor, I would save your husband?s life, for if he is taken I count myself his murderer. Do you understand me? (63). Hale wants so desperately for Proctor to confess because he blames himself and does not want another death on his hands. Hale believes too much in the honesty of the court and leads him to be guilty.

After studying Reverend John Hale in depth, one can come to the conclusion that although he may have caused a few problems throughout the play, he still always had goodwill. Hale truly believed he was doing the right thing, but is easily manipulated. This is prevalent in our society, when one has too much faith in people, allowing them to be easily taken advantage of.How is it possible for one to be so benevolent, yet still stimulate so much controversy and even death? In Arthur Millerr's The Crucible, we see Reverend Haler's naivety, altruism, and sincere nature that leads him to have too much faith in humanity and cause many issues throughout the play.

At the beginning of The Crucible, we can see Reverend Haler's altruistic nature, and his desire to help people, a hidden characteristic because of the manipulation he falls for and the aggressive interrogations he does at the beginning of the play. His eagerness to solve problems can sometimes have consequences. Hale is first summoned to Salem by Reverend Parris, so he can examine his daughter, Betty, to determine if she has been afflicted. Before Hale examines Betty, he wants to be sure that Parris is willing to listen to his advice. He tells Parris, We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her (Miller 12). Hale is taking his job seriously and wants to make sure that everyone else is as well. He is not just doing this for money or selfish reasons, but rather uses his skills to help people. After Hale arrives, Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft to clear her name, and as a result, Tituba receives an interrogation from Hale to find out if she is telling the truth and to help Tituba if she is. He tells her to, Take courage, you must give us all their names.

How can you bear to see these children suffering? Look at them, Tituba-look at their God-given innocence; their souls are so tender; we must protect them, Tituba; the devil is out and preying on them like a beast upon the flesh of the pure lamb...God will bless you for your help (17) Hale wants to help the innocent children he thinks have been afflicted, and by recognizing their innocence when talking to Abigail, it is his attempt to trying to help them. Later on, Hale goes to the Proctors home to question them himself before they appear in court, so he does not jump to conclusions about their innocence. When he concludes that they are innocent, he tries to help them. He says, God keeps you both; let the third child be quickly baptized, and go you without fail each Sunday into Sabbath prayer; and keep a solemn, quiet way among you (30). Hale tells the Proctors to try to appear more Christian so no one will question them and their faith. Compared to other characters such as Reverend Parris and Abigail , Hale is not in it to help himself, and he is genuinely trying to help people. Reverend Hale arrives in Salem in response to Reverend Parrisr's cry for help and although some of the accusations he made may have ended up hurting people, he dedicates his life to his faith and helping people.

In the middle and end of the play, we can see Reverend Haler's naivety toward the court which later leads to internal conflict and severe consequences. Before Hale jumps to any conclusions, he goes to visit the Proctors to see for himself if he thinks they are innocent. He tells them, ''I am a stranger here, as you know. And in my ignorance, I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused before the court (31). Hale is acknowledging the fact that his judgment may be clouded due to the bias of the people whom he is getting information from; therefore, he must make his own decisions. Hale is speaking to Proctor when Elizabeth is being taken away under the charge of witchcraft. Hale pleads, Charity, Proctor, Charity”what I have heard in her favor I will not fear to testify in court. God help me, I cannot judge her guilty nor innocent I know not. Only this consider”the world goes mad, and it profits nothing you should lay the cause to the vengeance of a little girl (26). Hale believes that Goody Proctor will be released, but realizes he is wrong and the trust he has within the court fades. Francis Nurse is concerned about the future of his wife after she is charged with witchcraft, and Hale tells him the court make the right decision. He tells Nurse, "Believe me, Mr. Nurse, if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning. Let you rest upon the justice of the court; the court will send her home, I know it (31). When Hale says this, it proves that he fully trusts the court. He thinks they will release the innocent and punish the guilty. Coming into Salem, Hale has full trust in the justice system and that they will do their job, however, as the trial progresses, he begins to realize that the court can have alternative motives.

By looking at Reverend Hale at the end of Tthe Crucible, we can see the sincere guilt he has for the innocent people dying. The longer Hale is in Salem, the more aware he becomes of the corruption within the court. Hale is in the vestry room of the Meeting House where an examination is going on when Abigail pretends that Mary Warren, the Proctorr's maid, is sending sends a freezing wind through the courtroom and is sending her spirit out in the shape of a bird to hurt her. The judge believes Abigail and arrests Proctor and Corey. Hale is outraged by her obvious lies and even goes as far as to quit histhe job. He exclaims, I denounce these proceedings! I quit this court! (57). Hale devotes his life to his job and to quit and announce witchcraft as fraud proves he is a sincere and honest man. This is ironic because many of the other characters in the play do things solely to helping themselves, while Hale is just looking out for other people. After Hale has been gone for some time, he returns to Salem to try to fix what he feels as though it is his fault. He tells Danforth, Why, it is all simple. I come to do the Devil?s work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves. There is blood on my head! Can you not see the blood on my head! (62). Hale feels responsible for the executions because as they expect in the situation, he feels culpable for the situation. After Proctor is arrested and sentenced to a hanging because of being found guilty, Hale tries to convince Goody Proctor to persuade John to confess, so he does not die. He tells Goody Proctor, I would save your husband?s life, for if he is taken I count myself his murderer. Do you understand me? (63). Hale wants so desperately for Proctor to confess because he blames himself and does not want another death on his hands. Hale believes too much in the honesty of the court and leads him to be guilty.

After studying Reverend John Hale in depth, one can come to the conclusion that although he may have caused a few problems throughout the play, he still always had goodwill. Hale truly believed he was doing the right thing, but is easily manipulated. This is prevalent in our society, when one has too much faith in people, allowing them to be easily taken advantage of.

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Phenomenon of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution catalyzed one of the most prevalent literary movements in human history, as the harsh living conditions forced writers and poets to evolve from mimetic writing, to expressionist writing. The people of Europe were seemingly surrounded by the harsh realities of living in a rapidly evolving country, many of them feeling as though they were incapable of escaping the factories located on every dirty street corner. Directly following the Enlightenment, the Romantic Era brought a new style of description and expression to the dull streets of newly industrialized Europe, as writers felt unfulfilled and uninspired by conventional mimetic expression, leading to an era of deep introspection and self-examination in the literary community. This new style of writing was composed of pointed political rhetoric, flawlessly integrated with descriptions of nature, in stark contrast to the mechanical and unforgiving Realist style of writing that existed in Europe prior to the emergence of Romanticism. In example, William Wordsworth revolutionized poetry after traveling France, and being exposed to the rampant poverty that permeated the French way of life. The French people did not revolt against the monarchy that rendered them starving and helpless until the closing of the American Revolution, as the patriotism and righteousness that characterized Americar's rise to political independence inspired the downtrodden French citizens. William Wordsworth wrote about the deplorable scenes of poverty that he witnessed throughout France, leading to harsh criticism from institutions that supported the French monarchy. Poets during this era took cues from the already industrialized American continent, wish resulted in an influx of political and social commentary dispersed throughout their poems and other written works. Wordsworth focused primarily in his poetry on class division, and it can be argued that this rampant Classism was caused by the stress of the Industrial Revolution on the newly divided french state. Wordsworthr's most famous piece of writing, The Lyrical Ballads, put strong emphasis on the financial and social disparities of people living in Europe at the time of the Industrial Revolution, and truly revolutionized poetry in the way that he chose to utilize unconventional rhyming and free verse. In example, Sweet is the lore which nature brings; Our meddling intellect, Misshapes the beauteous forms of things; ”We murder to dissect, (Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads). This excerpt demonstrates the strong emphasis that Wordsworth and other writers of his time period put on the Human Condition, and the ideals that make a human being feel alive and in tune with nature. Wordsworth continuously acknowledges that there is a great deal of pain and suffering permeating the earth that society inhabits, but chooses to advocate for the appreciation of feeling and emotion, even if it does involve enduring sadness and grief. Another theme in the Lyrical Ballads, as well as in other works of writing, is the concept of human intervention and the manifestation of selfishness and destruction through the continued overutilization of natural resources. Although he was an American poet, Walt Whitman greatly contributed to the school of thought permeating Post Industrialized Europer's literary community, revolutionizing Stream of Consciousness poetry, and teaching his European counterparts expressionist writing. Whitman wrote primarily about social issues, as he was deeply impacted by the cruel punishment endured by African Americans that he encountered whilst living in New Orleans. This style of expressionist writing that unapologetically revealed political and social discontent for large and seemingly impenetrable social institutions like slavery, as well as the deeply oppressive monarchical system in France- showed the literary community that Romanticism was not a fad, and would cement itself as one of the most impactful and enduring forms of literature of all time. Walt Whitman took deep inspiration from the Enlightenment period in Europe, taking from their style of writings about nature and science, and effectively intertwining this with self-expression and emotion that the Neoclassicism period lacked. Whitman wrote about his deep connection to nature and his appreciation of the natural world, emphasizing the effect that simple snapshots in nature had on his spirit, and somehow found a way to make these writings deeply political and rooted with antislavery sentiments, appealing to his liberal colleaguer's viewpoints on the concepts of equality and the meaning of liberty and prosperity. Whitmanr's European counterparts expanded on his style of free verse poetry intermixed with political and social rhetoric, using this vehicle of literary expression to criticize the overutilization of natural resources, the mistreatment of the impoverished, and countless other social ills plaguing Europe during the Industrial Revolution. Another leading novelist and poet of Industrial England, is Mary Shelley. Shelley completely revolutionized the subject matter that was acceptable by writers within the literary community, and absolutely destroyed the preconception of women being confined to write only on certain subjects. Shelleyr's writings were considered highly controversial during the period in which she was alive, as she was a woman writing gothic stories with underlying themes of political and social criticism aimed at human production and the rapid advancement of technology and enterprise. Mary Shelleyr's most famous piece of writing, Frankenstein, tells the story of scientific advancement gone horribly wrong, which most historians and literary experts within the Romanticism field believe to be an allusion to her rampant distaste for technological advancement and the complete lack of emphasis put on human emotion and the wellbeing of the people around her. The Industrial Revolution put many writers into a state of emotional monotony, as they were angered by societyr's complete lack of regard for all things human and real, and the growing sense of importance placed on putrid and seemingly emotionless subjects like technological advancement and scientific innovation. It is almost impossible to write about Industrialized Europe without detailing the rise and fall of one of the most prolific and profoundly disturbed poets of all time, Edgar Allen Poe. Although Poe, like Walt Whitman was American, he greatly contributed to the gothic style of writing prevalent during the time of the Industrial Revolution that existed in Europe. Many literary experts argue that writers like Mary Shelley, and Edgar Allan Poe, discussed taboo themes that centered around death, sexuality, and the overall bleakness of life because they were surrounded by the harsh realities of living in an industrializing country that valued technological advancement above human emotion and artistic expression. The Industrial Revolution greatly impacted the subject matter that writers of the Romantic period chose to discuss, and allowed them to separate their spirits and minds from the overarching theme of dissatisfaction and numbness that permeated the psyches of people existing during this era. Authors chose to expand their styles of speech in order to escape their oppressive surroundings, leading to a form of prose that existed multifacetedly, and allowed for writers living around the world to criticize daunting institutions that they had previously believed to be insurmountable in changing. Romanticism revolutionized the way in which humans perceive their spirit and inner selves, and taught the world that emotion on all scales, and in all forms can be personified through the use of expressionist writing.

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Poetry in Romanticism Period

Poetry is a style of writing many people used to express themselves during the Romanticism period. In class, we learned about poetry during the Romanticism period and also read a poem called Nature by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. This poem has many characteristics of the Romantic literary period. A few of the characteristics that stand out are emotions and the usage of a childr's innocence. Romanticism authors focus more on emotions rather than reason and logic and that is seen throughout this poem. Another strong characteristic seen in this poem is the use of a childr's innocence and wisdom. This also makes this poem strongly identify with the Romantic literary period.

An example from the poem in which Longfellow uses childr's innocence is when he says, Leads by the hand her little child to bed, Half willing, half reluctant to be led, And leave his broken playthings on the floor. This part of the poem describes an innocent child being led by his/her mother to bed with mixed feelings about continuing to play with his/her toys verses going to bed. This shows the innocence of a child that can be torn from doing what they want to do compared to having their parents tell them to do the responsible thing. This first half of the poem is a perfect example of the use of the emphasis of children's innocence and wisdom in the romantic period writing.

Longfellow also uses characteristic of emotions and feelings throughout the poem Nature. Emotions and feelings are expressed when Longfellow says So Nature deals with us, and takes away, Our playthings one by one, and by the hand, Leads us to rest so gently, that we go. At this part of the poem Longfellow is expressing how in life and nature as we get ready for death, things are slowly taken away from us to prepare us for the next stage in the cycle of life. In reading this excerpt, you get a strong understanding of how a person may feel as they get ready for death and not knowing what to expect. At this stage one doesnt have all the answers and the emotions must be very intense as you accept that death is the next phase coming. He also ties this back to the child whose toys are taken away when they are getting ready for bed.

In conclusion, Longfellowr's poem Nature clearly shows characteristics of the Romantic literary period with his use of emotion/feelings, and childrens innocence/wisdom. Romantic authors believed that childhood is good and emotions drove them to write stories which are expressed with an emotional point of view versus logic. The Romantics believed in following intuition rather than reason, as Longfellow does throughout his poem.

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Romanticism: the Power of Imagination

Romanticism

The word romanticism was initially used to describe new ideas in literature and painting. Afterward, the term Romanticism stood for the most famous intellectual movement that originally generated in Europe toward the end of the eighteenth century (Cranston M. W., & Cranston, 1994). At the end of the eighteenth century and well into the nineteenth century, romanticism rapidly spread throughout Europe and the United States to challenge the rational concept held so tightly within the Enlightenment, the former intellectual and philosophical movement that contained a range of ideas centered on reason as the fundamental source of authority and legitimacy. Romanticism embraced subjectivity and individuality opposing to the excessive insistence on logical thoughts. That is, the emphasis changed into the significance of the individualr's experience in the world and the interpretation of it, rather than interpretations declared by tradition or church. With its emphasis on the emotion and imagination, Romanticist participants began exploring various psychological and emotional states as well as moods. Moreover, they found their voices across many genres, including music, art, and architecture (Rebecca S., 2018). The word Romanticism can be defined as a conduct which strongly emphasizes and express the individualr's emotions and innovations. Some reasons and background are supporting why romanticism can be categorized in this way.

One of the first important applications of the term romanticism to music was in 1789, in the Memoires by the Frenchman Andre Gretry. It was E.T.A. Hoffmann who set up the principles of musical romanticism, in an 1813 article on Beethovenr's instrumental music, and in a review of Ludwig van Beethoven's Fifth Symphony published in 1810. It was Hoffmannr's combination of ideas already associated with the term Romantic, used in opposition to the formality and restraint of classical forms, elevating music, and especially instrumental music, to a dominant position in Romanticism. Romantic music was regarded as the art most suited to the expressions of emotions. During the romantic period, the form of music became more expressive, coping with the artistic, literary, and philosophical themes of the time. Motivated by this fact, some researchers examined the hypnosis that minor-mode music from the period of romanticism is more likely to perform louder dynamic levels than music composed within the classical period.

In addition to conveying passive emotions, the minor mode was more likely to be used to express effects that are related to higher dynamic levels, for instance, seriousness, passion or aggression (Ladinig, O., &Huron, D.,2010). On the other hand, The composers who are extensively regarded as representation in romantic music, such as Schubert and Schumann, sometimes apply quite conventional formal structures to certain genres. For instance, a book written by Nicholas Saul indicates a point. The movements of Schubertr's piano sonatas frequently follow the pattern of exposition (initial statement of the thematic material) development (variation of the initial thematic material), and recapitulation (return of the initial thematic material (Bowie, A., 2009, P.244). Still, the pattern within the section of the form can be incredibly innovative and expressive. During the romantic period, the composers found a way to convey their state of emotions. That is, making their musical works became emotionally expressive.

When the words Romantic art are mentioned, people might associate the meaning of words with love matters. While it is inappropriate for romantic arts to be defined in this way. Defining romanticism is not an easy work, but there are some main characteristics of romantic painting that can be identified. The application of the word Romance within artistic fields simply infers emotional art. Emphasizing on emotions is one of the typical romantic art perspectives. Take romanticism of portraits as an example, those portraits which were created within the romantic period were brought to life by giving the person eyes such as mirrors of the soul, a grimace, a smile, or a certain tile of the head. Moreover, the artists portrayed their subject describing madness, innocence, loneliness, virtue, greed or altruism by making use of the magic of brushes. The power of nature is another romantic arts characteristic. The artists greatly revered the power and mystery of nature, trying to reproduce its fascinating majesty on the canvas. There are many topics of natural disasters in romantic paintings, for instance, blizzards, fires, and volcanos. Take an art display called Calais Pier painted by JMW Turner, for example, this painting depicts the shipwrecks which are overshadowed by the swirling waves and the ominous sky (Victorian Era, 2018). Concerning about romanticism of art, the features is not only highly emotional expression but also exaggeratedly displayed power of nature.

Romanticism roused past styles in architecture, such as the Gothic style, which was originated in the mid- nineteen-century Gothic Revival. Other types of romantic architecture are illustrated in a variety of styles regarded as exotic since their replacement into a foreign setting in a more fanciful, less accurate format. Examples of exotic architectural styles include Egyptian-influenced homes, Asian-styled homes, and even Swiss chalets. These kinds of homes contain such exotic elements as Egyptian columns and small sphinx sculptures, or Japanese-inspired rooflines, or a Swiss chalet A-frame as a decorative overlay to the traditional European building type (Academic, 2008).

In conclusion, romanticism is the name initially given to a movement in many artistic fields. As time passed on, the primary meaning of the word Romanticism gradually changed, emphasizing on the power of imagination, and the source of inspiration.

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Romanticism in British Literature

Contents

Romanticism in British Literature
Bibliography

Romanticism in British Literature

Romantic as a term, has come to mean many things, and that in itself means nothing at all, the variety of the possible meanings all reflect the complexity of romanticism, and the ideals it represents. Romanticism started around the start of the french revolution and and reflected opposite ideals of the enlightenment, and brought deeper reflection into poetry. The movement also started a new style of art, subjecting individualism, freedom of rules, and devotion to nature. Literature turned against the church, refuting the ideals of scientific stance for the fight of good vs evil and personal beliefs. Romanticism reflected heavily in british literature and caused changes in the pursuit of human connection and relationships, ways books were written, and brought the beginning of folk- spirit.

Romanticism as a movement is defined as a deepened appreciation of the beauties of nature; a general exaltation of emotion over reason and of the senses over intellect; a turning in upon the self and a heightened examination of human personality and its moods and mental potentialities (Britannica). Ideas of the enlightenment, and the industrial revolution were opposing views of romantics because those entities represented values of progress and rationality, not simplicity, and naturalness. The rural and the idea of minimal invasion of humans upon the natural world spread throughout Europe and would ultimately impact arts, and literature but society at large. Romantic cultural influences permanently altered the ways in which human emotions, relationships, and institutions were viewed, understood, and reflected into onward growth of humanity.

In the continuation of romantic influence in the human arts new styles, and representation of ideas strayed away from what was common into new and complex. Ideas started to change after the enlightenment ended in the 1790r's and became a manifesto for romantic poets, and a new style of analysis of the folk-spirit was characterized by the sentiment in characters and their experiences. The folk-spirit presented in the works of William Shakespeare flourished during this time as a few of his works were heavily tied to a national cultural identity (Emerick). Shakespeare also became popular for his works like A Midsummer Nightr's Dream for the fairytale elements that were a new style of writing that birthed from the romantic era. Authors who refuted the materialistic practices in their writing and opted for more of the potential beauty in nature, and human emotion were highlighted further than those who focused more on scientific perspectives. Once a powerful influence, the church began to lose hold among people and it was rigid, and set values that were reason over passion (Bramwell). Without common ground with european citizens the church lost hold, influence, and tradition as well as losing many people altogether.

Furthermore, the literary products changed positions on economics, politics, morals, and human interactions. Idealistic positions in life, such as royalty or elevated social status from riches, were replaced with the belief that through close attention, and effort most ordinary experiences in the human life could become extraordinary. In order to experience the new elevation in ordinary life many authors included new characteristics within their characters and the ways problems were faced, presented. Such values included creative expression accompanied with the belief of using extraordinary outlooks to elevate oneself into a higher plane of living, more intensely felt emotions in the quest to find oneself, and initiate stronger or deeper connections within others and society. The spontaneous and common outpours of emotions, almost as a confession, followed common emotions such as affection, longing, and sorrow. Shakespeare had many soliloquies, and monologues that followed the poetic outpour, these of which continued to influence writing, and character composition by allowing audiences to connect deeper with literature in the aspect of common human emotion. Economic, and political writings reflected opposite of industrialization and the advancement of technology because romantics believed these were inverting the prosperity of nature and hindering mankind's ability to create lifestyles with naturalness, and simplicity. With the growth of industry came social distruction between women, men, and minorities, and romantics wanted to redefine means of being modern in respects to early forms of feminism and being a citizen.

Along with values such as these the invention of the gothic horror novel flourished because of the ties into emotionalism. Gothic horror introduced the observational nature of human activity and exploration. Melodramas flourished for the intense sadness, and alienation encouraged by deeply felt emotions adding the position for narrators to give insight of emotions for the experiences of the characters. Authors in the romantic era were not confined to just functional writing, works ranged all the way into controversial outspoken social issues in oppression, retakes into childhood expression, and the revolution of imagination. Truly this was the beginning steps into the culture of rebellion. The writing of social injustice, and oppression arguably still effects journalism in modern times, and likely affected the beginning of commercialism many years after the romanticism era ended. Books such as The Jungle , The Lines We Cross, are examples of the outspoken controversy made popular by romantic writers that have still influenced literature today.

For many, romantics found the formals ways of life to be confining, and the subjectiveness approach literature took in some directions had a changed philosophical view. With the industrialization came a newer middle class, which has many entrepreneurs, and those brave enough to turn rags to riches by seeking their own vision. These actions tied into more factors of romantic literature by enlightening the human experience to struggle and by expressing ones vision to become meaningful in others or society. This struggle was seen as the natural way to conquer ordinary life, becoming unique in the will of man.

Bibliography

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Romanticism. Encyclop dia Britannica, Encyclop dia Britannica, Inc., 6 Dec. 2017, www.britannica.com/art/Romanticism. Web.
Richardson, Alan. British Romanticism and the Science of the Mind. Google Books, Cambridge University Press, 2004, books.google.com/bookshl=en&lr=&id=RgXo1E6tWxAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=british%2Bromanticism&ots=6rjb4Rk8F-&sig=hyj4Io0FGYPMgfeL64eIRVscHTo#v=onepage&q=british%20romanticism&f=false. Print.
Emerick, Carolyn. Folklore's Roots in the Romantic Era & Nationalist Movement. The Vkisch Folklorist, Eruopa Sun, 29 May 2017, www.carolynemerick.com/folkloricforays/folklores-roots-in-the-romantic-era-nationalist-movement.
Bramwell, Bevil, and OMI. Romanticism and the Church. The Catholic Thing, The Catholic Thing, 29 Apr. 2017, www.thecatholicthing.org/2017/04/30/romanticism-and-the-church/.

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Doll House: Insight into Plight of Women

Henrik Isben has become an essential individual within the social dimensions and understanding the plight of women. Accordingly, the significant achievement in portraying women within the social aspect has been both unique and unusual through developing a different perspective about women. As such, the undeniable impact of the individual has been through the emphasis on creating drama on the evaluation of the rights of women. In a male-centric society, the play "A Doll House" presents a distinctive oversight about the womenr's position. Accordingly, the theme circumventing the rights of a woman is extensively prevalent. Women have to undertake a passive role in accepting their situation and focusing on individuality in accomplishing individual rights within society. Indeed, within the patriarchal society, the evident control that men asset on women is outright both in the 19th and 21st century. Accordingly, the evaluation of womenr's right as a prevalent theme is evident is divisionary and produces diverse perspectives.

The underlying social problem within Ibsenr's drama is the investigation into the rights of women across the patriarchal society. Accordingly, the focus on the tragedy in which the main character leaves her house with the ambition to make it in the world of possibilities is evident (Hill, 2010, 4). Nora takes off to undertake the personal responsibilities. The form of personal responsibility to empower oneself is prevalent throughout the story. As such, Nora vehemently states that which duties do you mean? Nora: my duties towards myself (Ghafourinia & Amili, 2014, 424). Majority of the pundits such as Ghafourinia & Amili, (2014, 425), emphasize that the rights of a woman within the society are at the center of the character development process. As opposed to living in an illusion with the man of her dreams, the main character focuses on making the necessary changes to create a transformative outcome.

As well, the men in Nora's life assert their control based on the belief that it is the man's role to declare both power and order in the daily interactive process. As a clear example, Helmer emphasizes the need to enhance reputation through making the necessary sacrifices for his life (Ghafourinia & Amili, 2014, 425). The patriarchal society revolves the notion that the man should assert control over the woman. Nonetheless, Norar's form of win is through the idea of self-development that entails becoming a woman in her own right. A society that treats her as a nullity is of concern and change should prevail. Accordingly, in a life of nullity whereby women are not appreciated for their role, Nora is willing to leave her family, marriage life and discard her full life to enjoy individuality.

The dramatic play shows that the audiences come to terms with the rigidity in morality of Helmer, Norar's husband in accepting the rights of women that is evident. The societal perception of men surrounds the concept that a woman cannot make significant progress without the involvement of men. As such, the man has to assert control in the operations of a woman and sacrifice is at the core of personal maturity at the social setting. Nonetheless, Nora exudes significant internal conflicts (Hill, 2010, 4). Accordingly, making the necessary sacrifices for her is evident to ensure a fulfilling life proceeds. The assertion that we have never sat down together to get anything done" portrays a clear picture on the non-existent conversation between men and women (Ghafourinia & Amili, 2014, 425). The assertion that is outright in the monologue portrays that the treatment of women is negative. As such, women are described as second-hand creatures and the undisputed evident rights are considerably ignored. Accordingly, the serious discussion about the role of men and women coupled with the rights of women circumvents elements of modern drama in such a divisive patriarchal society.

Due to numerous reasons, Nora opts not to stay in the Doll House any longer. The need to continue with her emotional heartache and sacrifices are too much for the main character. Accordingly, the unwillingness to submit to her husband and face the consequences is an ongoing element in the quest for self-empowerment (Ghafourinia & Amili, 2014, 425). Consequently, the change in personal behavior through deciding to stop her submissive role in the society comprises of an unthinkable action for the middle-class woman during her time. As well, the notion that few women had taken such a drastic action during her time is an element of social drama that is relevant and influential to date.

Across the present environment, the social drama by Henrik reflects the ongoing quest of appreciation of the role women play within the social dimension. Appreciating their rights is at the core of the drama (Isben, 2009, 1). Of significance is the ongoing feminist movement that has been fueled by such works of art that present the need for continued appreciation of women within the social dimension. Accordingly, the evaluation of the gender politics, sexuality and power relations are some of the issues that the drama exudes relevance to the present environment. Consequently, the increasing problems of equal pay, discrimination and reproductive rights as issues within the 21st century can be related to the period of the drama.

The ongoing theme of the rights of women portrayed in the play is of significance to the empowerment trend that is critical towards the appreciation of women. Throughout the drama, the ongoing need to appreciate the positive impact of women should be integral for men and the development process (Ghafourinia & Amili, 2014, 425). The drama should be the starting point to generate insight into the feminist movement. Inclusive of the fight for the rights of women is the grassroots that shape the quest for womenr's role within the society. In a culturally specific society, addressing the underlying gender issues should be at the core of personal movement process. The detailed projection of the ongoing female oppression couple with the additional increase in drama is self-moving for women in their cry for a change in the society. As such the experience of the women across society is an illustration of the conventional society that is prevalent in the contemporary setting. The need to seek freedom and continued self-empowerment is an issue of concern that is highlighted by the play that resonates to date.

Conclusion

Doll House presents a unique insight into the plight of women. Within a society that is based on patriarchal views, women such as Nora have to resort to distinctive approaches to assert their position. The right of a woman to establish her position is evident and necessary for personal development. As well, the move by the main character to disregard her family and create independence is apparent. Accordingly, through her movement within the play, the prospect of empowering women in a masculine society resonates to date. Consequently, the outcome of the play is an enabling aspect for women that can be adapted to date.

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How Corrupt a Society Can Become

While a typical society is displayed and is seen as good for almost all the characters presented, moral corruption is a common problem throughout the play. A Doll's House, written by Henrik Ibsen, displays a middle-class family with high stature is seen being torn down by other characterr's motives to help their own situation. Throughout the play, the theme of moral corruption is displayed through Norar's attempt to flirt with Dr. Rank to get a favor, Dr. Rankr's attempts to confess his love to Nora and take his friend's wife, Krogstadr's use of blackmail against Nora, Torvaldr's image of the poor and willing to fire people based off of their class, and Mrs. Linder's way of swaying Krogstad to stop blackmailing Nora. At the beginning of the play, an old decision of Norar's comes back to haunt her when a coworker of Torvald presents himself as the man who lent her a loan when Torvald was ill. The loaner named Krogstad decides to blackmail to keep his job because Nora forged her fatherr's signature to send Torvald to Italy. After failing to convince Torvald to not fire Krogstad and after Dr. Rank confesses his love for Nora when she wants to ask him a favor, Torvald finds out about the contract. Torvald is furious with Nora but, Mrs. Linde agrees to be with Krogstad as long as he forgives the blackmailing and sends the contract to Torvald. After Torvald rips up the contract and tries to act as nothing happened again, Nora decides that she can no longer be with Torvald as he had been treating her like a doll and they have never been in love. After Torvald pleads in many ways in which they can live together, she decides to leave him and the kids and go out into the world on her own. Behind every personr's actions throughout the play is corruption to get what they want and the corruption is thoroughly displayed. Moral corruption is a constant theme throughout the scene with Nora and Dr. Rank. One of the first ways a character displays moral corruption is through Nora flirting with Dr. Rank. Nora hopes that she can receive a favor from Dr. Rank, one of Torvaldr's coworkers and superiors, to keep Krogstad at the bank so he wont tell Torvald about her forgery. Her talking to him leads to them flirting with one another and Nora hopes to use this to get a favor. Nora says, Just look at these! Flesh colored. Arent they lovely? It is so dark here now, but tomorrow--- No, no, no! You must only look at the feet. Oh well, you may have leave to look at the legs too. (39). Nora flashes corruption by showing off her stocking, something which was very untraditional of her to do to her husbandr's friend in the time period, so she can eventually ask him for the favor she so desperately needs. Soon after this talk, Dr. Rank shows corruption through the confession of his love for Nora, his best friends wife. Right as Nora is about to ask the request Dr. Rank states, I was determined you should know it before I went away, and there will never be a better opportunity than this. Now you know it, Nora. And now you know, too, that you could trust me as you could trust no one else. (40). Dr. rank displays his corruption through the display of his love for Nora and showing that she should trust him more than her husband. Nora soon takes away the favor she wished to ask and sends him home after both of them have displayed their motives for what they want. While not only this scene shows how Nora and Torvald are corrupt, Krogstad, Torvald, and Mrs. Linde all show examples of their true moral corruption. During the play, all characters show signs of willing to do whatever it takes to get what they want. One prime example and the main one in the play is Krogstadr's use of blackmail to keep his job. He goes to Nora at the beginning of the play and tries to get her to convince Torvald to keep him employed. Krogstad says, Listen to me, Mrs. Helmer. If necessary, I am prepared to fight for my small post at the bank as if I were fighting for my life. (21) Krogstad does anything no matter whether it is morally right or wrong to keep his job such as using blackmail on Nora. Torvald also displays his corruption through his reasoning for firing Krogstad. While Torvald even admits he could maybe overlook his moral failings and that he even knows he is a hard worker, he believes he cant have him at the bank due to his informal tone with Torvald at the office. (35) Torvaldr's ridiculous reasoning for firing Torvald stems to him wanting to have a better experience work exemplifies his corruption even though he can forgive the corruption of Krogstad. Lastly, Mrs. Linde shows her corruptness, while in good intention, to be with Krogstad to remove the burden from Nora. Mrs. Linde agrees to live with Krogstad as the two used to love together. However, once both of them agree to the terms of her staying, Mrs. Linde decides to send the letter later because she believes that Nora and Torvald need to be apart. Mrs. Linde explains, Helmer must know about it. This unhappy secret must be disclosed; they must have a complete understanding between them, which is impossible with all the concealment and falsehood going on. (54). Mrs. Linde originally goes against her original plan to get the letter stopped in time but shows her being immoral through letting the letter go because she believes that it is best they know. Her assumption that she knows best, while it does work out, shows that she went behind her friends back and shows Mrs. Linde's own motives. Throughout the play, each character exemplifies the common theme of moral corruption through their actions. While Henrik Ibsen draws the scene originally of this family living together in harmony, all the characters show their true colors of corruptness. Even though Krogstad's use of blackmail is the most obvious showing of moral corruption, all of the characterr's deep down will do whatever they view is best for themselves. Ibsen not only shows how corrupt a society can become, but he also displays an ending in which people can break away from all of that and start again.

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A Dolls House Novel Summary

Married couple, Nora and Torvald Helmer seem to live a happy life. Although Torvald is demeaning in the way he talks to Nora, she seems unbothered by it and carries on her life as a house wife. The couple is overjoyed when Torvald, a banker, receives a promotion to manager. While celebrating, Nora’s old friend Christine Linde arrives, a widow in need of a job. While discussing with Christine, Nora confesses her secret debt. Although Nora does not divulge where the money came from, she does tell Christine the reason why she needed it. Torvald’s new job provides Nora a sense of security because now money will not be a major concern for the family.

Krogstad arrives at the Helmer’s house to talk to Torvald. He works at the same bank as Torvald, but it seems as though Nora knows him as well. Christine also knew Krogstad in the past. Dr. Rank, a family friend dying of tuberculosis, expresses his own concerns about Krogstad and the peculiarity of the man. After Torvald and Krogstad have their meeting, Nora asks Torvald to consider giving Christine a job at the bank, he agrees.

Nora’s children then enter the scene. Having been with their caretaker all day, the children want to play games with Nora. After playtime, Krogstad returns to talk with Nora, fearful that he may lose his job. Here, the reader discovers that Nora’s benefactor was Krogstad as well as the fact that Nora forged her late father’s signature on the loan. Nora’s dishonesty begins to bother her and worries she will negatively affect her children. Nora’s fear leads her to consider leaving her children; she even asks a family maid to take care of her children if need be.
Nora begins to prepare for a tarantella that she and Torvald will be attending. Dr. Rank arrives and Nora flirts with him in hopes of getting money from him in order to pay back the loan.

Her plan is foiled when he confesses his love for her, because Nora cannot take money from a man knowing he loves her. Krogstad returns again, angry about being fired, and begins to blackmail Nora. Krogstad wants Torvald’s job and knows he can get it by exposing Nora, so he puts a letter explaining Nora’s debt and how she got it in Torvald’s mailbox. Nora begins to worry and turns to Christine for help. The women decide to try to distract Torvald and Christine will try to convince Krogstad to take back his letter.

While Nora and Torvald are at the tarantella Christine and Krogstad meet to talk about the letter. Here, the reader is made aware that Christine and Krogstad had a previous romantic relationship and plan to rekindle it. Krogstad plans on revoking the letter and not allowing Torvald to read it but Christine thinks it is best for Torvald to know the truth. Shortly after Torvald and Nora return from the party, Dr. Rank interrupts Torvald flirting with Nora to say goodnight. Then Torvald moves over to the mailbox and sees that Dr. Rank had left a letter with a black cross on it, stating that he will die soon. Torvald also sees a letter from Krogstad that Nora tells him to read right away.

Torvald is extremely upset after reading the letter and is disgusted with Nora. Nora is struggling and plans on killing herself because she cannot handle the pain and anger. Torvald is so upset and disgusted with Nora that, going forward, he wants nothing more than a brother and sister relationship between them and wants her kept away from their children. Then, Torvald is delivered another letter in which Nora’s bank contract is returned. Torvald is elated and tries to make Nora forget the harsh things he said to her; he wants to live together happily, as husband and wife. Nora is hurt and upset and wants to have a deep conversation with Torvald.

Nora expresses how she feels and that Torvald treats her as a doll. Torvald is not very accepting of this conversation which leads Nora to decide to leave her house and family. She gathers her things, leaves her children, and walks out of her house, slamming the door behind her.

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Role of Women in the Doll’s House

A doll's House by Ibsen reveals the underlying role of women during the time and the problems that arise from imbalance of power among men and women. Throughout the story, the main character Nora was treated like a child by her husband Torvald who has a habit of addressing Nora by her pet names which implies his personal convictions about her petite size and helpless condition. Norar's way of thinking and her outlook on life as a mother and wife are both entirely led by her husbandr's power over her. In the play, women were expected to be well-behaved and obedient to their husbands at all times, and men were expected to act manly and not to demonstrate traits that would normally be considered feminine. Nora feels the societal pressure to act a certain way and when their relationships starts to face difficulties, their roles and expectations start to become challenged. Therefore, Nora protested against social expectations as a mother, first by breaking the rule of marriage drawback, and later by forming a step to leave her husband and three children in order to educate herself and value herself independence. In the case of Nora, due to the unfairly male dominated society, not only is she in a position to be a provider for her children, but also due to the demeaning attitudes of her father and husband she has remained in a state of arrested development her whole life. Although both characters have three children, they do not share the same attitude or feelings toward each other. The way Torvalds treats Nora shows his selfish intentions. Norar's powerlessness was attractive to Torvald because he feel pleasure just by making her follow his commands at the expense of her dignity. He had to be in control especially when Nora is clueless about some fundamental maler's ability to deal properly with financial matters. Nora expected Torvald to take the blame for her mistake while he also makes it clear that his reputation is more significant than his love for her or his children when he mentioned, no man would sacrifice his honor for the one he loves (Ibsen, 1192). This also shows the drawbacks in their marriage and the consequences of not having open and trustful communications with each other. The play is not just a narrative but also about personal development and gendered patterns of power in patriarchal culture. According to the article Feminism, Theatre Criticism, and the Modern Drama written by DiCenzo who mentioned that, A mother in society is supposed to be serving her children and her husband to survive but in fact Nora was risking and sacrificing her life a lot more than him. In this story, Nora, Mrs. Linde, and the maid all hold sacrificial roles designated by the society they are in. Nora wears a mask, on the outside sher's respectful to her husband but on the inside she lacks recognition and love that Torvald wasnt eager to give. Norar's mask of the sacrificial housewife changed into one of a strong self-confident and independent women. Consequently, it presents how A Doll's House moves away from the romantic genre to a presentation of an objective reality. Torvald took advantage of Norar's weakness and childish actions as he continues to demean women. In act three, he told Nora in a frustrated tone that, Youve destroyed all my happiness. Youve ruined my future, I have to sink to such depths of agony all because of a thoughtless women (Ibsen, 1183). He treated her as an irresponsible child that he has to discipline for doing something wrong instead of behaving like a husband disappointed in his wifer's action. He continues talking to everyone during that time about the fact that women not being smart enough to do anything without a man. Nora was just sitting there and not putting any sort of fight because she believes the man has all the power in the house and Nora should just respect his choices. Moreover, he makes it clear that he does not appreciate much of womenr's abilities. In fact, he doesnt care about how Norar's action will impact her but only how it will impact him. According to the article The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen by Templeton, Torvald lectured her on the matters of lying for less than three days. The article stated that both men and women share the same interests and that should be relevant in social determinations. It discussed the Norar's need to find a solution and described how the confrontation between Nora and Torvald made her develop her own choices. Norar's decision to leave her husband represents the breaking of the foundation of social expectations for women. Nora took a position equal to that of her husband rather than staying in the marriage. Ibsen illustrated that men and women should be equal partners in marriage with equal authorities and freedom. For instance, Nora tells Torvald at the end, You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got the same tastes as you or pretended to (Ibsen, 1195). She was ready to leave with her suitcase, abandons her ring, which was a symbol of her role in the marriage. Nora decided, I must try to educate myself and I must do that by myself (Ibsen, 1193). She doesnt refer to herself as just a woman or a man but just as a regular human because she wanted equality, which is contrary to the gender imbalance of having different levels of power in that time period. Ibsen used Mrs. Linde character to challenge traditional differences of society, while Nora was restricted in isolated space. Nora was inspired by Mrs. Linde and Mrs. Linde was an example to show that earning her own money and being independent was no harm. In conclusion, A Doll's House challenges mistaken beliefs about womenr's roles. Nora transformation from a doll, a possession whose goal was to make her husband feel pleasure, into a human being. Ibsen represents women as human beings with honors as well as faults. Nora is not just a doll with the duties of a wife but also has duties to herself, which caused her to leave her family. The ethical conflicts at the center of A Doll's House are among love and law, emotion and mind, feminine and masculine. Nora abandoned eight long years of marriage due to lack of respect and power because she was considered inferior by Torvald. Ibsen focused on the fate of marriage due to the equality of both spouses, the dominance of the husband, and the self-fulfillment of women.

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Role of Society in Doll’s House

Thesis statement

Society is so stratified that it has marginalized women and confined them in roles that denies them their identity and agency and given men autonomy over women.

Abstract

This paper attempts to throw light on the structure of society in the form of marriage and its expectations of it, using Henrik Ibsenr's A Doll's House. The role of women and their rights, the position of women in male domineering society and the struggle to be independent and to find oner's self. Ill also talk about how the society strips women of their identity and confers to them a new one which they must leave up to. The sharply defined gender roles that entangles both men and women. Ibsenr's emphasis and examination of stereotypical roles of men and women in the nineteenth century and how much things have changed if they have.

The play "A Doll's House" is a three-act play written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879 in Norway, Europe. The play is important for its critical perspectives toward nineteenth century marriage norms. In "A Doll's House", Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial roles held by women of all classes in his society. He is known as the father of the new genre in drama realism. Ibsen really portrayed what life is it like especially for women living in a patriarchal society.

Its standard classification of gender roles and expectations it holds for a woman as a wife and a mother and as well as that of a man as a husband. The play lights up many flaws in the society in its structure and the expectation it has for individuals in relationships. There are many central themes in the play for discussion some of which are relevant to discuss in this paper are marriage, identity, infantilism, gender, rebellion etc.

Torvald and Nora are a couple with three children and their family fits the structure of a perfect middle-class family in their time. But this family picture of theirs became shattered when Krogstad in a letter revealed Norar's secret to her husband who reacts to it in a way that awakened the other side of Nora that has never been nurtured. She realizes the life of illusion and decides to leave her husband and children to go and construct her identity. Nora forged a signature to borrow money from Krogstad to save her husbandr's life. When Krogstad found out he was going to lose his job to Mrs. Linde, a friend of Norar's, he used the bond to blackmail Nora to persuade Torvald to let him keep his job in the bank. In a sweet not too sweet ending, Helmerr's relationship was broken but Krogstad and Mrs. Linde on the other hand rekindled a romantic relationship they had had in the past.

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Is the Crucible Still Relevant

A witch hunt is historically defined as a search for and subsequent persecution of a supposed witch. In The Crucible the witch hunt is persisted by the main character, Abagail, in order for her to get revenge on those who have previously wronged her. The modern witch hunt that will be compared to The Crucible is the persecution of Muslims after 9/11. After 9/11 Muslims were exploited and faced extreme cases of inequality. There is a commonly shared belief that all Muslims are terrorists. The Crucible, fear controlled the citizens and caused many people to persecute and discriminate against Muslims. The Crucible can be seen as relevant to todayr's times by comparing its witch hunt to the persecution, discrimination, and the apprehension Americans felt towards Muslims after 9/11. In The Crucible, persecution of the alleged witches was the main task for those on the court and in the community. Muslims after 9/11 faced a similar persecution. Due to the fear 9/11 instilled into Americar's society, many associated the terrorism shown by radical Islamic groups with the Muslim religion. This association swiftly began the persecution. A study conducted by the FBI in 2001 showed that after 9/11 hate crimes against Muslims jumped from 28 cases a year to 481 cases a year. These rates have yet to return to how they were before the attack (Keng Kuek Ser Data: Hate crimes against Muslims increased after 9/11). In The Crucible, the alleged witches had to either endure both falsely confessing and living with the label of a witch when they were not one or if they denied it and refused to confess they were sentenced to death by hanging. This makes The Crucible still relevant due to the fact that Muslims live a life where they are either constantly labeled and stereotyped as terrorists, or they make an attempt to stand up for themselves and risk being the victim of a hate crime. In Dearborn, Michigan a 57-year-old man violently assaulted a 19-year-old Muslim woman who was checking into the same hospital he was in. As she was checking in he came behind her and punched her in the face, she fell to the floor before he attempted to get on top of her and continue attacking her. The security footage shows hospital staff rushing to her aid as security detains the man. The Dearborn man pleads guilty to misdemeanor assault. The judge issued him to 97 days in prison and he was released several days early on good behavior, the community felt the charge was too light and the sentence too short (Perkins Man who attacked Muslim woman in hospital was released on time served). This hate crime happened simply because she was wearing a hijab and much worse has happened for the same reason. Young Muslim women have been raped and murdered and the cause of some of these crimes is still undetermined when it is almost quiet clearly a result of racial bias. This persecution of Muslims after 9/11 is an example of why The Crucible is still relevant to todayr's society. Not only did Muslims and alleged witches experience persecution, but they also endured discrimination from the community they lived in. In The Crucible, people were often accused of being witches because they were different from the rest of the community. They had contrasting values or norms which made the community see them as weird outsiders and a threat to the way they were already living life. Muslims suffer a similar situation; they are seen as a threat to American society because of the stereotype that all Muslims are terrorists. This causes them to face severe instances of discrimination. In a lawsuit filed against a Walmart in Knoxville, Tennessee a Muslim woman named Fadumo Sardeye was discriminated against and fired from her position. Sardeye accused her co-workers and managers of harassing her for the religious accommodations she requested. The incidents listed in the lawsuit include the staff initially denying her request for vacation during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan and demanding she shows where in the Quran where it said she cannot touch pork products or alcohol. Sardeye also included an accusation against her managers for retaliating against her after she contacted Walmartr's corporate office to report the discrimination (Meyer Muslim woman sues Walmart for religious discrimination after being fired from Knoxville store). In The Crucible Tituba is accused of witchcraft because she comes from Barbados, this is an example of discrimination because they think just because she comes from a different place that sher's more likely to partake in witchcraft. Sardeye experienced an almost indistinguishable situation when she was discriminated against for being born in Somalia and practicing a different religion. This is just another reason why The Crucible is still relevant to present society. Furthermore, Americans felt a great deal of apprehension towards Muslims after 9/11, much like the town of Salem felt apprehension towards alleged witches. People from the community of Salem were terrified of being accused of witchcraft so they usually tended to keep their distance from the alleged witches. A majority of Americans are terrified of Muslims because of the terrorist attack carried out by the radical Islamic group Al Qaeda. Though Al Qaeda has different values and does not represent the Muslim religion, some Americans made the association anyway. This association led to the stereotype that all Muslims are or support terrorists, which led to the apprehension many Americans feel towards them. Islamophobia is the dislike of, apprehension towards, and prejudice against Islam or Muslims. Cases of Islamophobia directly associated with cases of discrimination against Muslims. This all concerns The Crucible because alleged witches went through cases where they were discriminated against and the town felt an extreme amount of apprehension towards them, like with Elizabeth Proctor. The entire town was frightened of her because she was mislabeled as a witch. They then proceeded to question the people who were around her like John Proctor and Mary Warren. This caused the entire town to disassociate with her and her family. This led to the town forming their own opinions about the family and it all resulted in the apprehension towards alleged witches and their family. This is the same situation that Muslims have to endure and that is the final explanation on why The Crucible is still relevant to modern society. Overall, it may be said that The Crucible is still relevant to todayr's society by comparing its witch hunt to the discrimination, persecution, and apprehension Americans felt towards Muslims after 9/11. Muslims today face a life where they must live under false labels and negative stereotypes much like alleged witches from The Crucible. The apprehension that Salem and America have shown towards its citizens is another reason why The Crucible is still extremely relevant. Both The Crucible and the lives of Muslims after 9/11 represent the persecution, discrimination, and apprehension their own community felt towards a misrepresented group. The behavior that the community of Salem showed towards its citizens is not one todayr's society should follow.

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American History and the Crucible by Arthur Miller

During the Red Scare of the 1940r's - 1950r's, hundreds of innocent Americans were accused of being either communists or communist sympathizers. Much like in The Crucible by Arthur Miller, people of these eras were accused and convicted with little or no evidence at all. During the time of the Red Scare this was called McCarthyism. It was named after Joseph McCarthy, who was a Wisconsin Senator, after he accused countless government officials of being communist spies. These accused politicians and citizens were then wrongfully accused just as witches were accused during the Salem Witch Trials. Today America is mostly astounded and ashamed of both the Salem Witch Trials and the era of McCarthyism. Both events cost countless innocent people their lives, jobs, reputations, and more. If you were accused of being a communist you had two choices, confess to your crimes and name other communists or you could deny the accusation and eventually be blacklisted. This meant that no matter what you did your reputation would be destroyed. If you sold people out and confess, then no one would want to be around a communist snitch. If you denied that you were a communist then you would most likely be blacklisted and the no one would associate with you. This was much like the trials in The Crucible in that you could either deny the charges and most likely be hanged, or you could confess and have your reputation destroyed. Both of these choices were exhibited by many characters throughout The Crucible. For example, it is heard that many unnamed people have confessed to witchcraft and have been sentenced to jail time. In doing so they saved their own lives. However, John Proctor refuses to let his name be dragged through the mud and tears up his confession. He allowed himself to be hung as an example to everyone else in what the court would do to an innocent man. Arthur Miller, author of The Crucible, wanted to show how dark times like these in history are. He wanted the people to realize just what happens to innocent people, like John Proctor, when falsely accused. It can destroy anyoner's life and reputation, and all it takes is one person that has something to gain. Arthur never wants something like these events to happen again. No one ever wants to be accused of something. Especially when they know they are innocent. There are studies that show that about 1% - 2% of people currently incarcerated are innocent. That doesnt seem like much but when it is realized that the number translates to about 20,000 people, it is a major eye opener. People that have been wrongfully convicted often lose everything. Friends, family, jobs, and so much more is lost due to an act they did not commit. He believed that this issue needed to be addressed in a way that the public would recognize. Using the Salem Witch Trials as an Allegory for the Red Scare opened peopler's eyes to what was really going on in America. Throughout the Crucible we see multiple people that realize what was truly going on. It all started with Rebecca Nurse. When she went to take a look at the girls she knew immediately what was going on. Even still, no one believed her when she said that it was all an act. Eventually, Rev. Hale also realizes what is happening, but he is too late. By the time he realizes that the girls were lying countless people have already been sentenced or killed. Rev. Hale then pleads with people to confess in an attempt to stop the court. This act was much like an act made against Joseph McCarthy. During a Senate hearing, lawyer Joseph Welch went completely berserk on McCarthy. He called him out for being a liar in his famous words, Have you no sense of decency! The rest of the Senate then realized what was truly going on and that incident caused McCarthy to not be re-elected. Joseph Welch was then praised as a hero for finally stopping him. American history has had some embarrassing moments. We killed innocents in the Salem Witch Trials and ruined lives in the Red Scare. Arthur Miller opened Americar's eyes to what actually happens in events like these, where innocent people are accused and found guilty. He wanted to make sure that an event such as these never again happens in the history of this country. He shows that accusing a citizen with no evidence almost never works out in the accused personr's favor. All any of it does is sully their name and reputation.

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The Theme of Discrimination in the Crucible

Persecution is considered to be an inhumane act of torturing and killing people. Persecution is most commonly committed on the basis of religion, sexual orientation, gender, race, and different belief systems. Discrimination is commonly shown on a basis of fear of change or someone being different in some way. Reputations are often tarnished upon opinions of others. The Theme of persecution is represented in the film The Crucible because the women are accused of witchcraft. Many of the women in Salem were accused with little to no evidence supporting the accusations. As said in The Crucible, We cannot look to superstition in this. The Devil is precise; the marks of his presence are definite as stone, and I must tell you all that I shall not proceed unless you are prepared to believe me if I should find no bruise of Hell upon her. (Hale, Act 1) The main persecution in The Crucible was of Elizabeth, a young woman who is accused of witchcraft and brutally punished. During the Salem witch trials many people were hung after being convicted of being a witch without any evidence to incriminate them. In this movie if a finger was pointed at another and blamed as being a witch Deputy Danforth would then look for evidence to incriminate them. Many times throughout the movie friends and enemies incriminate each other by falsely accusing others by assuming they practice witchcraft. In the movie Abigail accused her enemies, friends, and family. But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary (Abigail, Act 3, p. 106) Abigail is envious of Elizabeth because she is John Proctorr's wife. Abigail is shown for what she really is and uses her power to send Elizabeth Proctor to jail. But Proctor later becomes a voice of reason and common sense when stating Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as Godr's fingers? Ill tell you whatr's walking Salem - vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law! (Proctor, Act 2, p. 73), Proctor understands that accusations are most times are as truthful as the accuser. Proctor knows many accusations are being thrown out by vengeance. It is shown that anyone in the community can turn against those of their own very quickly after perceiving someone to being different in some way. People were accusing one another of being a witch or practicing witchcraft without any proof or evidence and knowing the consequence the person being accused is going to face. The people accusing are not looking at their own behaviors. No man may longer doubt the powers of the dark are gathered in monstrous attack up on this village. There is too much evidence to deny it (Hale, Act 2). I believe this quote means the community is under attack in a way but not how Hale thinks it is. Salem is surrounded with fear, suspicion, and lies. Proctor: A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! (Proctor, Act 3) The Crucible applies to 21st century America because the whole country is obsessed of what other people around them are doing. By turning on the Tv or opening social media we are able to keep up on everyone's daily lives. Many times when seeing a person one will judge them by looks, sex, religion, or how much power or money they have. There are many horrifying stories of brutal acts being committed such as shootings and beatings being done out of hate for one another. Fear is all across America just like in Salem being scared of what the future is going to be. Being scared of change and accepting others for who they are. People of all kinds have a belief system of moral goodness but their actions do not match just like in Salem. The Crucible also applies to 21st century America because makes the audience find a piece of themselves whether it be personal despair, failings, blaming, being envious of another, or overall judgment. The Crucible is just as important to all people in the 21st century as Salem in 1692. America has an over abundance of discrimination and in the crucible almost all the witches are judged on reputation in which all people in American have a reputation to uphold. The play shows how power is corrupt just as it is in America and often times leads to unfair and brutal events events for people to get their way. In America and Salem many people are faced with discrimination leading to persecution. Persecution is an inhumane act of torturing and killing people commonly committed on the basis of religion, sexual orientation, gender, race, and different belief systems.

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The Topic of Worry in the Crucible

Contents

Act 1
Act 2
Act 3
Act 4

Worry for notoriety is a topic that poses a potential threat over a large portion of the occasions in The Crucible. In spite of the fact that activities are regularly propelled by dread and wants for power and retribution, they are likewise propped up by fundamental stresses over how lost notoriety will contrarily influence characters' lives. John's anxiety for his notoriety is solid all through the play, and his dithering to uncover Abigail's actual nature is his very own result fears of being named a miscreant.

Once there have been sufficient feelings, the notorieties of the judges additionally progressed toward becoming elements. They are to a great degree one-sided towards trusting they have settled on the right condemning choices in court so far, so they are hesitant to acknowledge new proof that may refute them. The significance set on notoriety sustains panic since it prompts inaction, firmness, and, as a rule, dynamic harm of the notorieties of others for narrow minded purposes. The general message is that when a man's activities are driven by wants to safeguard good popular assessment as opposed to do the ethically right thing, there can be amazingly desperate outcomes.

Act 1

Reverend Parris' worries about his notoriety are quickly clear in Act 1. Parris at first demands that there are "no unnatural causes" for Betty's disease since he fears that he will lose support with the townspeople if black magic is found under his rooftop. He questions Abigail forcefully on the grounds that he's stressed his foes will take in the full story of what occurred in the forested areas first and use it to ruin him. Parris rushes to position himself in favor of the informers when Abigail throws the primary jab, and he quickly undermines savagery on Tituba on the off chance that she doesn't admit (pg. 42). He seems to have no administering arrangement of profound quality. His solitary objective is to get on the great side of the network in general, even amidst this episode of aggregate panic.

Abigail additionally demonstrates worry for her notoriety. She is rankled when Parris questions her suspicious rejection from the Proctor family. Abigail demands that she didn't do anything to merit it and attempts to put all the fault on Elizabeth Proctor. She says, "My name is great in the town! I won't have it said my name is dirty! Goody Proctor is a tattling liar!" (pg. 12) The principal demonstration of The Crucible obviously sets up the way that a terrible notoriety can harm a man's situation in this general public seriously and hopelessly.

Act 2

In this demonstration, we take in more insights concerning the blamed that paint a clearer picture for the impact of notoriety and social remaining on the examples of allegations. Goody Good, an old hobo lady, is one of the first to be named a witch. It's simple for increasingly good nationals to acknowledge that she's allied with the Devil since she is an "other" in Salem, much the same as Tituba. At the point when Abigail blames Elizabeth, a regarded agriculturist's significant other, it demonstrates that she will go out on a limb to expel Elizabeth from the image. She's not a customarily acknowledged target like the others (aside from in her helplessness as a lady to the misogyny that runs uncontrolled in the play).

In Act 2, the estimation of notoriety in Salem begins to butt heads with the intensity of madness and dread to influence individuals' sentiments (and retribution to manage their activities). Rebecca Nurse, a lady whose character was recently thought to be blameless, is denounced and captured. This is taken as proof that things are truly gaining out of power ("in the event that Rebecca Nurse be corrupted, nothing's left to prevent the entire green world from consuming." Hale pg. 67). Individuals in power keep on trusting the informers out of dread for their very own security, taking the panic to a point where nobody is above judgment.

Toward the end this demonstration, John Proctor conveys a short monolog envisioning the up and coming loss of the masks of respectability worn independent from anyone else and different individuals from the Salem people group. The appearances that individuals present to people in general are intended to collect regard in the network, yet the witch preliminaries have tossed this framework into chaos. Delegate's great notoriety is right around a weight for him now since he realizes that he doesn't merit it. As it were, John respects the loss of his notoriety since he feels so remorseful about the distinction between how he is seen by others and the wrongdoings he has submitted.

Act 3

John Proctor undermines his own notoriety in Act 3 in the wake of understanding it's the main way he can ruin Abigail. This is a choice with desperate outcomes in a town where notoriety is so critical, a reality that adds to the misconception that pursues. Elizabeth doesn't understand that John will forfeit his notoriety to spare her life. She keeps on acting under the supposition that his notoriety is absolutely critical to him, and she doesn't uncover the undertaking. This lie basically censures them two.

Danforth additionally carries on of worry for his notorieties here. He references the many condemning choices he has effectively made in the preliminaries of the charged. On the off chance that Danforth acknowledges Mary's declaration, it would imply that he wrongly sentenced various individuals as of now. This reality could annihilate his validity, so he is one-sided towards proceeding to trust Abigail. Danforth has broad pride in his insight and perceptiveness. This makes him especially loath to tolerating that he's been tricked by a young lady.

Act 4

Despite the fact that insanity overwhelmed the notorieties of the blamed in the previous two acts, in act 4 the staying intensity of their unique notorieties ends up obvious. John and Rebecca's strong notorieties lead to pushback against their executions despite the fact that individuals were excessively frightened, making it impossible to go to bat for them amidst the preliminaries. Parris asks Danforth to delay their hangings since he fears for his life if the executions continue as arranged. He says, "I would to God it were not in this way, Excellency, but rather these individuals have extraordinary weight yet in the town" (pg. 118).

In any case, this keeps running up against Danforth's craving to protect his notoriety for being a solid judge. He trusts that "Delay currently talks a flopping on my part; relief or exonerate must give occasion to feel qualms about uncertainty the blame of them that kicked the bucket till now. While I speak God's law, I won't split its voice with fussing" (pg. 119). Danforth's picture is to a great degree significant to him, and he declines to enable Parris' worries to upset his faith in the legitimacy of his choices.

In the last occasions of Act 4, John Proctor has an extreme decision to make between losing his poise and losing his life. The value he needs to pay in notoriety to spare his own life is eventually too high. He kicks the bucket as opposed to giving a false admission since he doesn't figure life will be worth living after he is so disfavored. As he says, "How may I live without my name? I have given you my spirit; abandon me my name!" (pg. 133)

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About Abigailr’s Behavior in the Crucible

Although Abigail is somewhat responsible for her actions and the deaths of many innocent Puritans, there are several outside factors that influenced her behavior. One outside factor that influenced Abigailr's behavior was her relationship with John Proctor. Abigail thought that John Proctor was in love with her even though he wasnt. In Act II, Elizabeth tells John, There is a promise made in any bed spoke or silent, a promise is surely made (Elizabeth 64). Elizabeth is trying to tell John that even though it was a one night stand for him, it was meaningful to Abigail. Johnr's rejection caused Abigail to be heartbroken. This led to Abigail performing witchcraft in the woods with Tituba and a group of girls to form a love potion. Abigail was desperate to get John back and make him feel the same way as she did. Even after the affair was over, John continued to see Abigail and give her false hope that one day they might be together. When he sees her in Salem, he tells her that he still thinks about her softly from time to time, but he will never be committed to her. Abigail might think of this as a challenge and still has hope for them to be together one day. If John Proctor would not have committed adultery with Abigail, she would have never acted the way she did. Another reason for Abigail to feel hatred toward Salem is her childhood; sher's never had anyone to care for her or show her love. When Abigail was a child she witnessed the murder of both of her parents. Indians broke into her home while they were sleeping and slaughtered everyone she loved. After this happened, Abigail was forced to move into her Uncle, Reverend Parris house. Parris is hooked on his reputation in Salem and trying to hold onto his power, so he never pays much attention to Abigail or his own daughter, Betty. This causes Abigail and the group of girls to rebel and seek attention throughout Salem. If Abigail would have been loved, or cared for, or paid more attention to, she would not have rebelled. She would have been happier with her life and maybe handled the rejection from John in a healthier way. When he rejects her, it triggers her even more because it is just one more person that doesnt love her, nor care for her. Lastly, Abigailr's behavior was influenced by her society. In Salem, women didnt have much freedom, nor was their voice heard over a manr's. Men held all the power, while women were viewed as weak. For example, when John Proctor takes Mary Warren and forces her to confess, he tells the court that Abigail committed lechery. When this was spoken, all faces turned toward Abigail like she was the criminal. Not one of them turned their head toward John Proctor, the one who was married with three kids and a baby on the way. Danforth even says, Good then, if she tells me, child that it be harlotry, may God spread his mercy on you (Danforth 117). In this society, it is clear why a woman would not ever want to tell the truth when all the blame will lead back to her. Although Abigail made some poor choices, it was not all her fault. There were several outside forces that led to her actions. More responsibility should have been put on John Proctor; he gave her false hope and misled her in the wrong direction. Parris should also be more to blame for her actions because as a family member, he should have loved and cared for her more than worrying about his own reputation. And family, had Abigail lived in a more equal society, she may not been heartbroken or careless about her actions.

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Emerging Themes of the Kite Runner

The Kite Runner: Emerging Themes

New beginnings often seem like the out of things but the remorse and regret from the past will nag at the need for redemption. In The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini the need for redemption and acceptance becomes more apparent than ever from Amir. Although they have just moved into a new country Amir still has troubles with his conscious. The past may seem like it will vanish over time but it will come back to haunt and redemption will be searched upon sooner than later. The moral values that Amir was taught alongside Hassan as a child become more handy than ever. The morals taught to a child will live on in them as long as they live.

The importance of the morals taught through your guardian is so valuable it allows to create a strong or weak foundation in a child's life and this takes an important role especially in Amir and Babar's relationship. As a children Amir and Hassan grew up together they shared the same morals, they were taught wrong and right the same way they both knew what Baba expected and what he considered wrong from right. Throughout time Amir goes against those morals that Baba had placed in for him. Baba believes in one single sin over the rest that is that ?there is no act more wretched than stealing(18), and Amir had gone against this, he had robbed Hassan of his dignity allowing him to get rapped not only stealing his dignity but to some level his innocence as well. He intended to rob him of the bond and respect that Hassan carried with Baba, with setting him up to look like a thief in front of Baba. All these intents in vain to get Baba to prefer him over Hassan. All along he thought that it was all under the rug that no one would ever know and that Hassan would keep quiet all that time. But he was wrong because all those years [Baba] knew about assef.the kite.the money.the watch...he had always known(192).

A parent knows their child as well as the palm of their hand and Baba better than anyone knew hassan. A need for redemption is inside of Amir, he longs for that feeling of acceptance and through his eyes the only person that can give him that acceptance is his father Baba. Amir knew that Baba knew about all of his horrible actions. Amir feels regret for all the things he did and allowed to be done to Hassan. Amir betrays Hassan several times throughout the book, he allows him to get raped, he sets him up to look like a thief. With the only purpose to receive acknowledgement and praise from Baba his father. But all along his father,knew about Assef, the kite, the money, the watch with the lightning bolt hands. He had always known(192).

Not only does this affect Amir but he also has the remorse that he affected the life of his father with the death of his mother during labor. Throughout the book we see the need of redemption and that winter of 1975 [he] felt at peace(303) he found it quite humorous all those years he had been looking for such redemption and it had basically was always been in front of him. The need for forgiveness and redemption is something most humans value. As well as the sturdy moral foundation that is set down by ones guardian as well.

The Kite Runner gives us an insight towards acceptance and redemption from the character Amir and the characters Baba and Hassan whom are affected by Amir's actions and decisions when he decides to go against his father's morals . All he wants is that acceptance and the way he gets their is questionable at times. In the end the path one chooses will determine the outcome received.

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Parenting Style in the Kite Runner

Kite Runner Final Paper

Parents play an integral role in their childr's life. Each parenting style has a different influence on a child, determining how one will interact with their peers and develop future relationships once their in the real world. In the Kite Runner, By reading through the psychoanalytic lens, itr's clear to see that Babar's authoritative and uninvolved style is problematic and has a negative effect on Amir and their relationship.

The first sign of Babar's uninvolved parenting style is his lack of involvement in his sonr's life. When Amir was asking his dad if he could sit with him and his friends, trying to enter his dadr's smoking room, Baba kept on blocking him from coming in. Go on now, hed say. This is grown-ups time. Why dont you go read one of those books of yours, (3). Baba not engaging in his sonr's life makes it difficult for Amir. He is constantly yearning for his fatherr's love and attention. He ends up being jealous of Babar's relationship with Hassan. As of result, this leads Amir to not having any guidance, a real father figure to nurture him and teach him.

In addition to Babar's uninvolved parenting style, her's shows very little warmth and affection towards Amir. Amir was told a story about his dad fighting a bear with his bare hands how no one would even question his fatherr's strength, any story about Baba for that matter. Amir would have dreams multiple times about his father wrestling with a bear, leaving Baba with scars all down his back. And in those dreams, I can never tell Baba from the bear, (9). A bear represents power and strength, but therer's also a coldness to Baba. Amir is left emotionally withdrawn by his father. Amirr's dreams indicates that there is a distance in his relationship with his father. Their relationship becomes the motive behind Amir betraying Hassan because he saw how much attention Baba was giving to Hassan instead.

Finally, Babar's aggressiveness is a sign of this parenting style. Amir is in the smoking room with Baba, sitting on his lap and talking about what he learned in school. Baba then tells Amir what he thinks about sin. Youll never learn anything from those bearded idiots. Piss on the beards of all those self-righteous monkeys, (12). Amir tries to live up to his fatherr's demands and high standards and doesnt want to disappoint him. He spends time with Baba to succeed at his fatherr's demands, but therer's a part of Amir that stands back and kind of hesitates because he feels as if his father is already disappointed in him.

Last but not least, the final sign of Babar's authoritative parenting style is he sets some ground rules, specifically on stealing. Baba tells Amir about the act of theft being a sin and if he ever came across a man who committed such an act, they would suffer the consequences. There is no act more wretched than stealing, Amir, Baba said. I spit on such man, (14). Once again, we see Amir fearing his dad; the fact that Baba would say that he would spit on a man. This leaves Amir terrified of his father, with his sort of militant behavior.

In conclusion, we see Amir gradually learn how to stand up not only for himself, but for others. He stood up to his enemy, Assef, after being put down by him for so long. He stood up to Sohrab when the General Taheri called Sohrab a hazara boy. Even though the book doesnt end a good note, we see Amir making strives to become a better individual and a father figure, nurturing and giving sohrab the love and attention that he never got as a child.

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Sacrifice in the Kite Runner Novel

Bringing attention back to the main point, I believe that sacrifices and sacrificial lambs are a motif of The Kite Runner because certain characters make sacrifices that have major effects on the plot later in the novel. Firstoff, in the fifth chapter, Hassan and Amir have their first run in with Assef, the main antagonist. Assef, who is armed with brass knuckles, is obviously about to hit one or both of them. Amir narrates, I looked in his crazy eyes and saw that he meant it. He really meant to hurt me. Assef raised his fist and came for me. (41) Here is where the ever loyal servant Hassan comes to his rescue and draws his slingshot with a ... rock the size of a walnut. Hassan held the slingshot pointed directly at Assefr's face Please leave us alone Agha. he said. (42)

The reason this is a sacrifice and not just an act of heroism is because Hassan is putting himself in danger to protect Amir. He is provoking Assef instead of letting him lay into Amir, which would be easier and safer for Hassan. Another instance where a sacrifice was made for Amir by Hassan was when he fessed up to stealing Amirr's things even though Amir had set him up in an attempt to get rid of him. Baba came right out and asked, Did you steal that money? Did you steal Amirr's watch Hassan? Hassanr's reply was a single word, delivered in a thin, raspy voice: Yes. (105) This may not seem like a sacrifice in favor of Amir, but in reality, it saved Amirr's reputation with his family. If his father learned of his cowardice in the alley, he would have disowned him. Hassanr's final sacrifice was a literal one. After learning that he and his family were to be removed from their house by the Talibs, he refused to take his family out of the home. Rahim Khan says that Hassan protested, so they took him to the street, ordered him to kneel, and shot him in the back of the head. (219) All of this was done in an effort to preserve his family and keep their home, therefore a sacrifice for the family.

As you can tell, many of the notable sacrifices in the book were made by characters other than Amir; however, on the topic of redemption, I believe that Amir did redeem himself in spite of his lack of obvious sacrifices. I believe that sacrifice is tied in very closely with redemption and one may ask themselves, How can he redeem himself without sacrifices? but when you think more deeply about it, Amir did make sacrifices. Amir took the chance to go back to afghanistan from a late Rahim Khan and took this opportunity to take in Hassanr's child, indirectly the cause of his guilt. He even sacrificed his health in order to stand up for Sohrab in the fight scene on 212.

Some may argue that sacrifice isnt a major theme in the novel because of the lack of sacrifices made by the main character; however, I would argue that that is one of the most important reasons that sacrifice is a motif in the novel. The lack of sacrifice on Amirr's part shows how privileged he is as compared to Hassan who had to make sacrifices for Amir. Another argument one may pose is that Amirr's lack of sacrifice makes him a bad person in general but I would argue that Amir is certainly good in spite of his lack of sacrifices. Amir wasnt necessarily a good friend to Hassan but at the end of the book he became exactly like him and Baba, the two main good characters.

I feel as though the evidence provided from The Kite Runner is sufficient enough so that we can come to the conclusion that sacrifice is a motif of the novel. A main reason we can believe this is because Hassan made countless sacrifices for his superior, but most importantly, his friend while he received none of the same back. Also, there are many instances in the novel where lambs specifically are compared to characters or decisions made by characters. I find that this is most relevant because understanding that sacrifice is a major part of the novel can make you look at things with a whole new perspective. This perspective helps point out how privileged Amir was to have such a great friend and how he ended up redeeming himself from his past in the end.

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Relationships between Amir, his Father and Hassan in the Kite Runner

Contents

Relationship Between Amir and His Father (Baba)
Relationship Between Amir and Hassan
Relationship Between Amir and Sohrab
Conclusion

A relationship with your father is really important in your life as well as a relationship with a close friend. In the story, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir had maintained and developed these kinds of relationships throughout the story. Amir and Baba had always had a rough relationship while Baba had an ideal idea for his son, which Amir could not reach, resulting in them not being close like a normal father-son. Amir and Hassan had many different ideas on their relationship. Amir thought of it as a friend or as a servant relationship. Amir was too prideful of his idea of Hassan being his servent that it has caused some problems, which caused the relationship to take a turn for the worse. Hassan and Sohrab had a valuable father-son relationship, which unfortunately had to end when Hassan got killed and Sohrab losing his father figure. When Amir comes into Sohrabr's life, he turns into the new father figure of Sohrab by taking on both characteristics of Baba and Hassan. Throughout the story of The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir has developed different kinds of relationships with Baba and Hassan which helped him develop a better relationship with Sohrab.

Relationship Between Amir and His Father (Baba)

Baba and Amir never had the best father-son relationship due to many problems in which Amir not feeling the full love his father was supposed to give him which cause Amir to try to find ways to make satisfy his father no matter what. Amir would do anything to get Babar's love which could bring Amir to do some regretful things. Baba would want the best for Amir but, that is part of the problem when he said, By Baba saying this, it seems like Baba wants Amir to be like him. One big thing is that Baba does not understand is that Amir is in need of his fatherr's love and that he needs his approval. This brings their relationship farther away due to Baba always being disappointed in Amir if he does not do anything the way Baba want to which causes Baba to be cold towards his son. Baba does show some concern for Amir but Baba does not really care for him like a son nor does he really would believe if that was his son if he did not see the Even though Baba is smart, he just does not know that Amir may not be like him, and also that he does not see that Amir does try his hardest to find a way into Babar's heart especially during the Kite Runner match. The results of Babar's actions, he made Amir believed that winning a match would be the blue kite was the (Hosseini 71) would be better than what he did to Hassan. Amirr's thirst to win Babar's heard could be the reason why Amir did not stop Hassan from getting raped, which ruined Amirr's and Hassan friendship.

Relationship Between Amir and Hassan

Amir and Hassan had a relationship that would be like best friends, but due to Amirr's pride, the one-sided relationship caused Amir to make mistakes that suddenly changed his relationship with Hassan. There were many times where Amir would have just thought he was a friend and then there were times where he just thought of him as a servant. Hassan does not think that though. He treats Amir like a best friend and a loyal one as well. Many times throughout the story Hassan yells This shows that Hassan would not hesitate to do things for Amir. Hassan is so loyal to Amir, which is shown many times in the story. The time when Hassan was running for the blue kite is one example. Hassan risked his life, running out of his masterr's control, just to grab the kite for him. Unfortunately, it did not turn out well as Hassan did get raped. Amir could have helped Hassan and said their relationship but he had other plans as he thought He allowed Assef to rape Hassan just because he thought that Hassan was someone different than him. Hassan put himself above Amir when he refused to hand over the blue kite to Assef but Amir could have not done that for Amir. Hassan takes their relationship seriously but Amir just takes it for granted. Amir will soon learn that he will greatly regret that choice in the future, which he would need to make up for.

Relationship Between Amir and Sohrab

The relationship between Amir and Sohrab could be important due Sohrabr's lost of his father figure in his life as well as Amir is redeeming himself from what he had done to Hassan in the past. The father-son relationship is a big theme in the story as it portrays the different relationship conflicts there were during the story. The moment Amir heard that Sohrab, Hassanr's son, was stuck in an orphanage, he was very hesitant to help him but now he knows that Sohrab needs him there whether he says it or not. Without Hassan, Amir had to take on the role of the father figure for Sohrab. During the time where Amir was trying to adopt Sohrab, he made mistakes, just like Baba. He tries to get Sohrab to understand that he had to put him in the orphanage for a little while but when Sohrab responds with he made a mistake. He knows that Sohrab hates the orphanage due to all of his memories that had happened there. When Amir makes the mistake, it is similar to how Baba made mistakes but not able to return them as well as how he was not considerate of Sohrabr's feelings. In the end, Amir tries to redeem himself. As he also takes on Hassanr's styling of parenting, which is showing love to him for just being himself . Amir had the chance to teach Sohrab kite running, which relates back to Amir and Hassanr's relationship and how Hassan would always teach his old memories to his son. Amirr's attempts to become a good father did not go to waste when, . He was making progress on his father-son relationship between him and Sohrab. By having a relationship with Sohrab and taking care of him, Amir had redeemed himself from ruining his relationship with Hassan earlier.

Conclusion

The relationships between Amir and his father and Hassan had been able to shape the relationship he was able to have with Sohrab. He was shown to use both characteristics from Baba and Hassan. With the way Baba raised him, he was finally able to go and take a risk and save Sohrab but, he was inconsiderate of Sohrabr's feeling at the time. On the opposite end of the spectrum, he was able to use Hassanr's characteristics to teach Sohrab kite running and it could relive some memories with Hassan. These relationships were shown throughout The Kite Runner and each one of the relationships had help Amir develop into a better father figure for Sohrab.

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The Kite Runner: an Afghanistan Story

This story begins with a flash back. Since the starting, by the novel style, clarifies that critical occasions occurred in the protagonistr's past; which is presently causing issues down the road for him. The writer utilizes some quotes in the piece to portend and indication to the peruser about what might come later. The book, set out of sight of Afghanistan, spins around the kinship of two individuals, Amir and Hassan. Amir is conceived in a Muslim family. Then again, Hassan has a place with the Hazara clan which is aggrieved in Afghanistan for its Shiite religious introduction. Added to this religious disgrace is his family history with a dad who is a worthless person and a mother who is seen in the public arena as a lady of simple ideals. Amir the main character, and Hassan his servant/brother. In the beginning Hassan and Amirr's relationship was one of brotherly love despite the fact that Hassan was a Hazara and Amir a Pashtun. Back in the 1970r's race and religion played a big part in Kabul and these two races were not suppose to have relationships unless it was owner (Pashtun) and servant (Hazara). Baba Amirr's father had an affair with Hassanr's mother, but it was kept a secret until one day Rahim Khan letr's Amir know the whole truth. Hassan a loving, and loyal servant to Amir sacrifices himself many times for Amir, while Amir was disloyal, and cruel. Thus, he winds up selling out him by and by and got precisely what he needed: Hassan and his dad gone from his home. In this manner, existence with Baba was not what he had trusted as he wound up feeling surprisingly more terrible. Encourage in the novel, they moved to the U.S to have a new beginning. This was because of the Taliban's ascent to control; something that definitely changed Afghan culture, for the more regrettable. In the wake of building up another life in the U.S., Amir is all of a sudden looked with a call from an old friend, Rahim Khan. At that point, he goes to Pakistan, where his friend offers him an opportunity to present appropriate reparations in light of his past: "I need you to go to Kabul. This statement has a great deal meaning. To begin with, infers that Amir returns to where he was brought up, which he choose to go to the United States. Additionally, it was Rahim Khan instructing him to go spare Sohrab from a halfway house in Kabul and after that convey him to Pakistan. Amir immediately felt this demand was a risk to soundness he was getting a charge out of after an existence of progress and he was reconstituting existence with another spouse and another family and vocation that he specified in a statement. Amir was unmistakably apprehensive, however the reason he quits talking is on account of he realizes that he needs to spare Sohrab in light of the fact that he was truly his half nephew. In the opportunity that he have, Amir went to Kabul. There, he saw the Taliban out of the blue and went to the orphanage to get Sohrab. Turns out, the kid had been taken by the Taliban multi month sooner. So Amir was very mad tha went to the Taliban chief home. He went inside and sat tight for the leader. In the wake of talking for some time, the Taliban stunned Amir"What did you think? That you'd put on a fake beard and I wouldn't recognize you? Here, Amir realized that he was in a problem because the taliban leader was Assef, his all time enemy. Additionally he also know that he is a very big problem because Assef is a vengeful person, along these lines, there was no chance he would get away from that house safe. While getting totally beaten by Assef, Amir began to laugh because of the fact that after such a long time, he at long last felt free; this is on account of he had gotten the discipline he deserved. The author presents yet another issue on Amit's path. There was no orphanage with an American couple in Pakistan as Rahim Khan had promised. So, he knew he could mot leave his half-nephew there to live a horrible life. Amir tried to take him to the United States, but was told by a man at the US embassy in Pakistan that it was not realistic: "Your petition to adopt tis young fellow Give it up. That's my advice to you" days later, he promised Sohrab that there was a way he could come with him to the United States. Stay in a Pakistani orphanage for a while until they could get him out of the country. Sohrab was so traumatized by the sexual abuses and temple live conditions he had experienced that he tried to commit suicide in the bathroom, Amir finally took him to America mission and had been completed.

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A Theme of Racism in the Kite Runner

Racism is the belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to another, that a person’s social and moral traits are predetermined by his or her inborn biological characteristics. Racial separatism is the belief, most of the time based on racism, that different races should remain segregated and apart from one another. Racism has existed throughout human history. It means that the hatred of one person by another or the belief that another person is less than human because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or another factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. It has influence wars, slavery, the formation of nation and legal codes. The Amir figure who acts as the main narrator in the story as well as the central figure attempts to disguise repression with a character from the low-ranking social strata of Hazara named Hassan. Amir is a Pashtun boy who lives in luxury and facilities because his father is one of the richest men in their district to live, Wazir Akhbar Khan in Kabul. In his daily life, Amir was always accompanied and served by the son of his servant Ali named Hassan. However, Hassan tried hard to please Amir. In the deep down, Amir never considered Hassan as a friend. Hassan was only a servant for him. "The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either" or in another quote: "But he’s not my friend! I almost blurted. It's my servant! Had I really thought that? Of course I have no. I treated Hassan well, just like a friend, better even, more like a brother. But if so, then why, when Baba's friends came to visit with their kids, did I never include Hassan in our games? Why did I play with Hassan only when no one else was around? The quotation above shows that Amir could never regard Hassan as equal to himself. There will always be differences and distances that Amir and society create. In this novel there is one character that hold grudges and be racial to Hassan, He is Assef. He really hated to Hassan because he throw Assef with slingshot and because Hassan is Hazara people. Here, there is one incident that interested my heart. The incident happened when Hassan chased after Kite’s opponent that broke up. On the road, he met Assef and his friends. Assef asked the kite for himself but Hassan didn’t give it, then Assef rape him in there. From the story above we can conclude that racism asserts that blood is a marker of ethnic-national identity.

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The Kite Runner: Afghan-American Heritage

The Kite Runner is an in-depth narrative novel written by Khaled Hosseini – an author representing Afghan-American heritage. The story revolves around the life of Amir, a Pashtun in Afghanistan, and is set throughout such events as the fall of the monarchy in Afghanistan, the military intervention of the Soviet Union, and the influence of the Taliban. This narrative is known for its family related settings and expresses between Baba and Amir's father-son relationships, as well as for raising the themes of guilt, and redemption. The story itself enables the reader to get a thorough insight into the daily life of Afghani people and their culture. Even though it is not the main theme of the novel, social class ranking is a reoccurring, and its influence on the lives of the characters is vivid. The author approached the topic of social class in Afghanistan by setting the two friends, Hassan and Amir, at two different sides of the social class. Both Hassan and Amir get into issues amongst themselves as well. The author does this to express the problems each can get for disregarding the social class division. To continue, the author shows different examples of discrimination between the Russian’s with Afghanis throughout the novel as well as the discrimination between the Pashtuns and Hazaras. Throughout the beginning of the novel characters Amir and Hassan, although portrayed as brothers, have contrasting behavioral traits that ultimately affect how Amir treats Hassan. The author, Housseini, illustrates Amir as, at some points, evilly taking advantage of Hassan’s lack of intelligence and finding humor in it. This is displayed when Amir lies to Hassan, stating, “‘Imbecile’. It means smart, intelligent. I’ll use it in a sentence for you. ‘When it comes to words, Hassan is an imbecile.” (Hosseini 29). Here, Amir is purposely lying to Hassan for malicious fun and because of Hassan’s illiterate status and gullible self he knows no better than to believe Amir. To go on, the author foreshadows that Amir’s actions now will only continue to grow in the future to not only Hassan but also others. When Rahim Khan, Baba’s friend, proposes that Amir’s “pessimistic self” is only because he never inherited a violent characteristic, Amir responds with, “Rahim Khan had been wrong about the mean streak thing” (Hosseini 23). This, therefore, discloses that Amir does, indeed, have a bit of selfishness and cruelty deep inside him that will be unleashed later in the book. During these first few chapters, Housseini is simply laying the groundwork for the reasons to why Amir will commit certain actions which lead up to the future in the novel. Next, in the novel, the author displays the discrimination between the Pashtuns and Hazaras several different times. First, the character Assef is known to be the neighborhood bully. Hassan who is a Hazara, a trait that Hassan has no control over is then bullied by Assef. In the Afghan culture, Hazara's are seen as dirty and part of the lower class. Assef later goes on to boast about “Afghanistan is the land of Pashtuns. It always has been, always will be. We are the true Afghans, the pure Afghans, not this Flat-Nose here. His people pollute our homeland, our watan. They dirty our blood.” (Hosseini 40). Assef sees Hassan as an animal and treats him like one, which is an example of “mans inhumanity to man”. Also, in the novel, Amir was seen talking to an old merchant in hopes of finding Hassan. Then the old merchant tells Amir “What is a boy like you doing here at this time of the day looking for a Hazara?” “Lucky Hazara, having such a concerned master. His father should get on his knees, sweep the dust at your feet with his eyelashes.” (70). At the time people looked at Hazaras in the worst way possible and if you were seen being friends with one of them then people would begin to judge you. Throughout the story, Amir treats Hassan as a servant because he is in continues fear of being judged by others since Hassan is a Hazara. On the other hand in The Kite Runner, the issues between the Russian’s and Afghans are very obvious and lead to many injustices. The Russians claimed that they will restore the government in Afghanistan, but instead, they end up causing a large amount of oppression for the Afghani people. But, there are many Russians that are doing what they claimed they would do. Still, a large chunk of the Russian people are exerting force against the Afghanis, to the point where they perhaps cause more turmoil than improvement. As the Russian officer says “spoke to us in broken Farsi. He apologized for his comrade’s behavior. “Russia sends them here to fight,” he said. “But they are just boys, and when they come here, they find the pleasure of drug.” He gave the younger officer the rueful look of a father exasperated with his misbehaving son. “This one is attached to drug now. I try to stop him...” He waved us off.” The Russian officer knows how bad the Afghans are being discriminated. The soldiers from the Soviet Union at the time were so addicted to drugs like heroin that they began to notice an increase in trends with women and children being abused in particular. These actions from the Russian soldiers led to changes amongst the culture in Afghanistan and it wasn’t good. Continually, the social class between Amir, Hassan and others were very different. They all had different lifestyles and struggled to get along with each other. The one thing that stood out is the fact that Hassan didn’t take all the discrimination that he was receiving to heart. In the book, he says "You know... I like where I live." (58). This shows that Hassan was indeed happy with his life even with all the prejudices people have against him. Hassan dealt with so many issues just because of where he was from and the background of the Hazaras. The social class difference between Amir and Hassan is well noticed because Amir treats Hassan with respect sometimes, but then other times isn’t a true friend to him. Amir who was born with the privilege of being one of the Pashtuns. The Pashtuns are the ruling class of Afghanistan which gives Amir an advantage and Hassan will never have the same opportunities as Amir does. On a different note, Assef’s philosophy towards Hazaras reflects the tendency for those of the majority ethnicity within Afghanistan to view Hazaras in a negative light. Assef explains, “Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage." (243). Essentially, Assef explains that, in his mind and the minds of many within Afghanistan, Harazas have no place in the country. By believing in this philosophy, Assef also makes it clear that he supports discrimination and mistreatment of Hazaras by Pashtuns. As we can see, in the novel there were a lot of examples of discrimination. Throughout the novel, we see all forms of discrimination from the Pashtuns treating the Hazaras with disrespect to the Russian soldiers behaving the way that they did towards the Afghans. The power of discrimination is well seen between Hassan and Amir because in the book Amir was seen scared to act a certain way towards Hassan since he feared of being judged by the Pashtuns. Overall, in The Kite Runner, discrimination was a very common theme that was persistent throughout the entire novel.

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Khaled Hosseini’s Special Techniques in the Kite Runner

In Khaled Hosseinir's book The Kite Runner, we learn about a boy named Amir and get to know him as he grows up into an adult. Amir faces lots of conflict in his life and is a very complex character. The author leads us on a journey of Amirr's life from when he was very young up until he turns into an adult. Khaled Hosseini uses many different techniques in this book to help explain what Amir has been through. Still, 20 years later this novel is still relevant because of this powerful story. We quickly learn that Amir always tries to do what is right and believe in all the right things, but doesnt always follow through with making the right choice. Amir also gets jealous very easily. Amir was born into an above average family. His mom died while giving birth to Amir and so his father, Baba is the one who raised him. Amir adores his father and really tries to gain his love and affection in the book. Amir has a brother named Hassan who he envies because itr's almost like Baba prefers Hassan as a son rather than Amir. It is very clear that his jealousy is aimed towards Hassan because Amir has always wanted to show Baba that he is worthy of his love and affection but Hassan seems to always interfere which is what makes Amir so upset. He often makes fun of Hassan for his own entertainment and calls him names like imbecile. He does this because it is Amirr's way of lashing out and putting all the upset feelings has has all towards Hassan which shows how Amircan be very jealous. Amir has a very very good moral compass and that's easy to see from the beginning of the book. Sometimes he lets his anger get the best of him and lashes out but then becomes filled with guilt. For example, when Amir feels guilty about when Assef raped Hassan he goes to the pomegranate tree to talk to him. Amir started picking up pomegranates and throwing them at Hassan then asks him to throw then back at him so they were even. Hassan didnt throw them back, instead he just walked away. This displays of on the main themes in the novel- guilt and redemption. Amirs search for redemption doesnt stop here, his search goes throughout the whole novel. In the very beginning of the book The Kite Runner, it is very apparent that Amir can tell there is something wrong with his relationship with Baba. Amir wants to fix his relationship with Baba more than anything. At the horse race, Baba gets mad at Amir for feeling sad about one of the players that dies from being stepped on by the horse. Amir overhears Baba telling his friend about how he is confused about how Amir is related to him because they are so different. This is where Amir starts searching for a way to make their relationship stronger. Another conflict Amir faces in the book is his conflict with Hassan. Amir isnt there for Hassan when Assef rapes him even though Amir couldve easily helped because he witnessed it. This creates lots of guilt and sadness Amir feels all throughout the book and never gets 100% over what happened. Amir is constantly searching for redemption in the book The Kite Runner. Amir tries to prove to Baba that he is a good person and a good son because he feels guilty because he believes that he is the one who killed his mother. Amir really works hard to win the kite race to redeem himself in Babar's eyes. Baba says a boy that doesnt stand up for himself becomes a man who can't stand up for anything. Because of what Baba says Amir believes that since he didn't do anything about Hassan getting raped when he was a kid he feels that the only way he can redeem himself is when he is an adult which is why he went to Assef when he was older to confront him about the rape. Another theme in the book is how often the past comes up as Amir. The best example of this is Amir and Sohrab. Sohrab has had such a messy past which influences the person who he turns out to be. The slightest bit of affection Amir shows to Sohrab makes Sohrab really uncomfortable because of Sohrab abusive past. Amirs past constantly comes up in his life present-day life because of the first theme- his search for redemption. Because of the past events in Amirr's life from when he was younger still makes him guilty as he gets older. He especially feels this way because he doesnt only feel responsible for his mother death, but Hassanr's death too. On page one of The Kite Runner Amir explains how the past can never be left behind. Overall, The Kite Runner is an example of issues with relationships and learning how to make them right again once they become ruined. We see the evolution of characters all throughout the book. The use of the literary techniques the author uses helps emphasize each event Amir goes through which helps us better understand the journey Amir went through all throughout his life.

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Should Americans Use the Electoral College?

The Electoral College system should not be continued to elect the President of the United States because it is outdated, un-American, and unstable. First, The Electoral College ignores the will of the people and is contrary to the intent of the Framers. Every citizen’s vote should count the same in America, but that is not the reality. Whoever receives the most actual votes does not always win the election, yet America calls themselves a democracy. America’s Founders were worried about the popular vote when they wrote the Constitution because citizens in the 1700’s did not have access to information, and they were inclined to vote for someone from their own region. That is irrelevant today in the age of internet and tv. The Founders made the Electoral College because of outdated problems, which are irrelevant problems today so America should not continue to use a system that is outdated. Many people in favor of the Electoral College say that a popular vote would hurt rural areas, but people in rural areas would actually get an equal say to people in cities rather than giving them extra weight in the election. Also, with the easy dissemination of information today, it does not matter if candidates visit these regions. Second, The Electoral College discourages voter turnout and decreases interest in politics and government. Because people know that their vote is irrelevant in areas where they know the outcome of their state in the election will be blue or red, they feel that there is no point in their vote which then discourages them from actually voting. People would also care more about politics if they felt like they had a say. According to NPR, voter turnout is higher in the few undecided states. This shows that if people know that their vote matters, they will go up to the polls and vote. In the 2016 election, The California Trump voters and the Virginia Clinton voters knew their votes would not matter. This proves that when people feel that their voice is not being heard, they are less likely to vote. Therefore, America should have a system where everyone’s vote is counted equally and where people are not uninterested in voting because they know that their vote will matter. Finally, the Electoral College is unstable because it gives too much power to a small number of swing states. Modern presidential campaigns ignore almost all states in favor of a handful of closely divided states. The rest of the country is basically invisible, distorting politics, policy debates, and the distribution of federal funds. In 2016, all public campaign events were held in just six states. This is not only unfair to the majority of states that are being ignored, it is dangerous because there is too much power in a few states. The majority of states are getting no attention to their needs and wants, while the President is favoring the powerful swing states. Also, of the more than 120 million votes, the 2016 election was effectively decided by only 107,000 people in three swing states, while the popular vote favored the losing candidate by about three million votes. This further proves that many people’s votes do not matter, and that small swing states have too much power. It is not suited for modern times, discourages voter turnout, and is unfair to all people who feel that their vote does not matter, therefore the electoral college should be abolished.

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An Example of Renaissance

The bodily features of all the figures are proportionate and studied by the artist, the only one who looks slightly larger compared to the others is Jesus. What stood out to me here is the comparison of his right leg to Maryr's, they seem to be the same size. I believe this also serves to show that he is no ordinary baby like Mary was when she was a baby. Although he is large in size, his body still remains proportionate to his limbs and head. Pesquera also uses the garments in which he dressed all the subjects to define the bodies and their postures We see he uses chiaroscuro to create shadow along the creases of the folding garments. Everyone is well covered and wrapped in their clothing Pesquera had no choice but to uses their clothing to show shape, size, and limb positions. With this chiaroscuro he brings volume to the figures and even their mass. For example Anner's clothing looks a little more stuck to her skin in some places showing us that she is old, weak, and probably does not weight much. We dont find much space between the figures because they are stacked on top of one another, but he did leave some spacing separating the couples. This even gives Jesus more room to move around and do what he feels like. Just by looking at the folding of this sculpture you can tell its smooth and has defined lines to make it pop out of the wood. After all this is wood that has been painted and gilted for that gold color. I like the fact that this is a piece with minimum color, we only see the skin tones and hair colors being black, orange gold, and grey. I believe that this art work holds the meaning of reminding everyone who views it that Jesus was not only the son of God but also made into human flesh. He had a family who loved him and admired him, like we see him here as the center of attention. He did not float down from the sky into Maryr's arms he was formed in her womb and became a man. We do not see any references to his pain and suffering here, he is only living in the moment and so are his parents and grandparents. Although he was a normal baby we can still find the Spanish religious sense in that they are adoring him and admiring him here because they all know who he truly is and his purpose in his life. I loved this pottery (Figure 3) because it is actually something I would like to own and have at my house to admire. I love the craftwork and special detail given to the patterns, design, and the lid on top. There is so much going on in this craft yet only three or four colors are being used to their maximum. The handle looks very elegant in its shape, but the added creatures at the top and bottom make it look like no ordinary pitcher and even dangerous. The frog shape headed creature at the beak has his mouth open to fit what I think is either a small cap to close or the beak itself. The added length of its body gives me a sense of balance to the handle on the other side. I like the fact that they both compliment each other in length on each side. My decor style at home is similar to this piece here in the sense of having uniqueness and craft.

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The Ewer: an Example of Renaissance

The Ewer is French and was made in a town located in the west known as Paris. This ceramic belongs to the French Renaissance and there are many more like it but never of the same design for each one is unique. This style had a name of itr's own, known as Saint-Porchaire ware. It had a very high quality and could be found under a kingr's possession due to the difficulty in making one. There are also ties to the royal court having these as well. The style has a mannerist decoration popular in Italian Renaissance leading us to believe the French had this influence. It is known that it was used to carry water or other liquid substances for beverage. There is no known artist to this piece like other Saint-Porchaire ware, all that has been recorded is it was made in a small shop. A few craftsmen are believed to have worked on these due to their similarities in style and design. The amount of labor that went to making this ewer was time consuming. Every little detail was made slowly and carefully made by lead-glazed earthenware. The design was made with clay spinning on a wheel and guided to its shape by hand. The handle and beak was hand molded as well and was helped with metal objects to give its shape and fine detail folding. After the texture was smooth and left to dry they used impressions to stamp the designs. You wont find any of these pottery pieces with multiple colors, they always contained creamy soft colors and dark ink from the stamps. This ewer is very well balanced in its design and the creaturer's shapes and size are proportionate to one another. Itr's wide size on top meets to a small base at the bottom and then is being held by a wide platform for balance at the bottom. There is no history on what the small sculpted figures are made out of at the top, but the carving detail is perfected. The texture of this Ewer is not a smooth straight surface all around. You feel the sculpted design and pointed glazed cuts on the handle. The figures faces are three dimensional with the frogr's eyes popping out of its head and the ears of the sea creature at the bottom also standing out of his head. The ribbon like design on top of the stamps are also popping out of the base yet have a smooth texture. There is a strong antique style here and gives even a rustic feel. It makes you believe you could find this in a small outdated village, but with the amount of detail it contains you know this piece was rare to come by and one of a kind, therefore was sold at a high price. This is a historical Ewer leaving us with admiration. Looking at the detail and having us think about the dedication given to this pottery. It leaves us to interpret the creatures however we find more pleasing. Some see a snake but I see sea creatures to be discovered. It brings curiosity to the human eye, we are forced to analyze every detail, inch, and corner to try to understand it. Even to come up with an explanation for its design. The print of Two Flayed Men and Their Skeletons by Domenico Del Barbiere made me respect the dedication artists during the high renaissance had. They studied the human body so well they knew how the muscles worked together and skeletons down to their skeleton form. It makes me think of the extremes artistr's probably went through, such as being present in a body dissection after death where doctors performed incisions. They maybe even looked at doctor notes and books if it was available. I also chose to write about this print because it was all engraved which I know first hand takes a lot longer than sketching.

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Domenico Del Barbiere: High Renaissance Sculpture

During this time the city of Florence was experiencing commerce within its merchant people. There was a presence of politics and governing, the city was prosperous which tells us the government was not as shaky compared to other cities. During the mid 1500, when this print was made it was a time of High Renaissance. The church was covering its ceilings and walls with marvelous frescoes and sculptures by popular artist such as Michaelangelo and other greats. The church and political governors commission much of the art in this city and the study of the human anatomy was at itr's peak in order to reach the perfection of the religious figures after being influenced by Italian Reanaissance. We still find classical iconography in many of the pieces, for example Michaelangelor's David. Florence exalted this sculpture because it was their victory trophy after beating their own goliath the Duke of Milan. Domenico del Barbiere was a well known engraver and sculpture during the High Renaissance. He also went by the name of Dominique Florentin and was born in the city of Florence in 1506 but built his career in Troyes, France, as a sculpture where he was influenced by Andrea Sansovino. Then he joined Italian artists in Fontainebleau. Where he was influenced greatly by Italian Renaissance style where he worked on frescoes and stucco-work. He became aware of a mannerism and even showed a little in some of his art works. It is also noted that he was aware of Michaelangelor's contrapposto style because we can see it in this engraving. No other word can describe this print to me other than Humanist. Here we see the Barnierer's mastering of the human body engraved. This engraving is black and white used for printing and is a piece during the High Renaissance. It pictures four bodies, the two on the left are the same person in itr's skeletal form and muscular form. The same goes for the man on the right looking to its right at the other two bodies. The only difference between their muscular forms and the skeleton belonging to them is the position of the legs and the curves of the core of their bodies. Which brings me to the contrapposto in which we find the figures in, which shows a classical style. Barbiere engraved by using a cutting tool made out of steele called burin to make grooves in the flat surface. There were many different sizes and shapes at the ends to create different types of cuts. For the darker lining we see in this piece Barbiere may have used one that is wider and for the thinner lines found in the muscles he used sizes thinner than needles. The amount of patience in engraving every line one by one while knowing what sections need to have more cuts to define and bring volume to each muscle and bone requires a mastery of technique in handling these tools. We find some symbolism here as well with the curtain covering the war instruments and materials cluttered on the floor representing the ambition for war. I think that this gives a negative view of the war to the viewers because he is trying to cover it up. We can cover up the deaths but we remain even more transparent like these skeletons do. Another view point is saying we are losing our humanism and in this case, the flesh, by contributing to these acts of war. Another symbol found is the laurel wreath the muscular body on the left wears on his head. This references Julius Caesar and the interest in gaining knowledge from literature during this time. This could also be referencing a poet. The engraving leaves the viewer with an aesthetic idea about the human body and yearn for scientific knowledge that is accurate. If you compare their knowledge of the human body to todays it looks exactly the same. Even though they didnt have the technological advances we do now to see if this is really how our skeletal and muscular system looks like people had perfected the human anatomy form. This artwork also gives us history of what was going on during these times. The war over territories and the knowledge people were interested in learning about, in this case itr's literature and science.

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Art of the Renaissance Era

A true work of art is but a shadow of the Devine perfection. - Michelangelo. The world during the time of the Renaissance was similar to Rome, in a sense that it was for the most part humanistic. On the contrary, Jan Van Eyck, an artist during the Renaissance, was a very dedicated Christian painter. Most all of his work has the very deep spiritual symbolism of Jesus Christ as well as God himself. While some artists decided to take the route of humanistic ideas, Jan Van Eyck decided to become a devout follower of Jesus and attempt to capture the beauty of God through his artwork. In his most famous work of art, The Arnolfini Portrait, there are crosses painted in the background that has been painted with single hair paint brushes. The mirror in the center of the canvas has many biblical images including a crucifixion scene. In another painting, Lucca Madonna, Mary is sitting in a throne-like chair holding baby Jesus. Baby Jesus is holding apples which symbolize the fall of man. Many other paintings that were painted by Jan Van Eyck contain hidden symbolism. Jan Van Eyck's paintings: Lucca Madonna and The Arnolfini Portrait have many similarities as well as many differences. Lucca Madonna has warm colors all around. On the left side of this painting, there is a window which brings in the warm evening light. The room, in which Mary is seen holding baby Jesus, is incredibly sacred looking and gives a holy and royal mindset to the painting. Mary sits in her throne-like chair and nurses baby Jesus who is holding the apple which symbolizes the fall of humanity. In The Arnolfini Portrait, there are two people, a man, and a woman, standing in front of a first class type of building holding hands. On the left side of the painting, there is a window that lets in a cold colored light. In the very center of the portrait, at the bottom, therer's a small dog who looks up from the perspective of the image. In the direct center, there is a mirror in which you can see the reflection of everything in the painting as well as an image of the painter himself painting the couple. Both paintings are painted from the same perspective. The faces of the people in both images are very similar looking and capture a realistic look. Both paintings share the same kind of window in the exact same spot. Both windows have fruit laying next to them as well. Both pictures have the symbolism of Jesus Christ and God the Father. These paintings are very obvious painted by the same painter with the same mindset. Both of the paintings also have many differences. Lucca Madonna has a very warm color thatr's very easy on the eyes whereas The Arnolfini Portrait is a little colder and has more vibrant colors. The meanings of the two paintings are different as well. Lucca Madonna has the image of baby Jesus being nursed by Mary and symbolizes the fall of man. The picture also looks holy. The Arnolfini Portrait is pointing more towards Jesus in the work. Even though both of these works are by the same artist you can see the diversity and creativity in both of these paintings. Jan Van Eyck knew how to turn away from humanism and refocus on God. These paintings really show the beauty of God. Michelangelo claimed that art is a shadow of the Devine and he was correct. Jan Van Eyck was really able to reflect God in his paintings. This art is still valued today and makes art historians really marvel at the beauty. Jan Van Eyck not only painted to get by but instead he painted to seek beauty and truth and capture the essence of God.

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The Egocentric Renaissance Movement

The Renaissance was a time of innovation and renewal, which brought brand new ideas and inventions across Europe. The Renaissance shifted humanity's worldview toward egocentricity and human-centeredness as opposed to the more apostolic lives they had lead previously. However, such a great shift can only take place slowly over a long period of time. Hence, the time frame of the Renaissance lasting from around the 1300s to about the 1600s in the continent of Europe.

As stated above, religion, although still preeminent today, was additionally prominent before the Renaissance. Art strayed off from the religious-centered themes they had before beginning with paintings of religious scenes on a neo-classical background. The artists began to paint wealthy civilians or famous people of the time instead of Biblical images, such as the Mona Lisa; the wife of a wealthy Florentine merchant (Doc A). Making it clear that it wasn't just wealthy priests who added to the artistic flowering of the Renaissance by paying for extravagant religious murals on church walls but wealthy patrons as well. This artistic flowering helped transition art to reflect the ideas of humanism.

At the start of the Renaissance and before the popularization of humanism, the Catholic Church would often exploit their authority by competing against Italian princes for more political power, fighting in wars against secular rulers to protect Papal states and, even plot against any monarch who tried to gain control of the church within the Churchr's lands. Along with that, all priests had luxurious lives and would increase fees for services such as marriages and baptisms and sell indulgences, a reduction of the temporary punishment in purgatory still due for one's sins, to maintain them. Their abuses angered the civilians, and with the Renaissance just kicking into gear John Wycliffe, although an English priest, organized an attack against the Church using his sermons and writings to call for change in Church authority.

This was the first of many revolts against the church and one of the many components of the change from societyr's church-centered views into more of an egocentric view, while the ideas of humanism were still slowly being introduced. Humanism refers to the belief that humanity was of a higher importance than that of spiritual or religious affairs. One great example is when in the play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare in 1601, he declares that men were in apprehension . like a god putting man at the same level as a god while he continues to explain how astonishing mankind is (Doc B). The ideals of Humanism began to appear all across Europe in the forms of literature and art such as Raphaelr's School of Athens, a painting depicting great thinkers of the past. However, Raphael included himself and other thinkers of his time into the painting, revealing how highly they viewed themselves as to put themselves among the legendary greats. As time went on art became more detailed and showed more emotion to adapt to the views of humanism and reflect the greatness of humanity with exact precision (Doc A). They would paint a famous figure from society to show the interest in individual achievement due to humanism. Although not considered art there was another drawing made in the 1500s with minimal detail but meaning. This drawing is Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric diagram of the universe, for unlike Ptolemyr's previous Geocentric diagram, Copernicus added no place for God and Heaven into his drawing.

Next, to the major developments in art, there were also many other achievements during the Renaissance especially in the field of science and education due to the effects of humanism. In the Middle Ages, more than 85% of the population were serfs, peasant farmers who worked for a lord and his estate. The majority of which were illiterate, but when the 1300r's rolled around they improved their farming techniques and became more self-sufficient, freeing themselves from their lords and taking up trades. This caused more worldwide education and with that people began to question the church and founded humanism. Humanism then gained more momentum with the invention of the printing press in the mid-1400r's. With all that being said I believed it is clear that it was due to the improvement in education that everyoner's views shifted in newer directions other than the religious focused lives they were forced to live before.

This change of humanity's worldview from religion center to egocentric and human-centered shaped the Renaissance. It brought Europe out of the dark ages and into a new light. It caused the creation of humanism, a shift from the church being of main importance in life, and many advancements which are still used today. Without the Renaissance to change mankind's view of the world, we wouldn't be living in the same world today.

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Architecture of Renaissance Period

Contents

Location, Continent, Country/City
Time Period and Related Artistic Styles
Environment
Culture
Politics
Architecture and Design
Provide Three Characteristics
Provide at Least Three Descriptors
Provide Three Characteristics
Materials
Motifs
Construction Techniques
One major item in minute detail

Location, Continent, Country/City

Renaissance architecture originated in Florence Italy in the 15th century but once the style appeared in other Italian towns, it began to make appearances in France, Russia, England, and other parts of Europe. Although it moved to other countries, the influence was less significant than in Italy.

Time Period and Related Artistic Styles

The new style of architecture is known as the style that replaced medieval Gothic. Renaissance architects used the basic design element, order, and found a relationship between human proportions and buildings and this was a nod towards both Greek and Roman architecture. Using these proportions, the buildings became comprehensible spaces which is a distinguishing feature from the once known Gothic style.

Environment

Before the Renaissance Era, it was the Medieval Times. During the Dark Ages, famine broke out, war, and diseases. The Black Plague had spread throughout Europe killing about 60% of the continentr's population, but because of the disease, Italy made changes in their trades and businesses and sold leather goods, cheese, and wines. The working class became wealthy due to the trade and the Italian cities became widely popular. It was the men like Leonardo Da Vinci, Leon Battista Alberti, Cola da Caprarola, Donato Bramante, and Filippo Brunelleschi that came to the ideas of proportions, order, and balance of the existing world and incorporated it into the structural, architectural world.

Culture

As mentioned, it was various men who impacted and supported the new Renaissance Era. There were issues with the economy, the current architectural buildings (Gothic), and they believed there were better ways. Renaissance means rebirth and was created because of the corruption of the Catholic Church. The old ideas of the Greek and Roman provided the people with the answers that they believed the church could not and it was considered to be the reawakening of these ideas. Renaissance reconception of architecture was the return to the classical language, which had a vocabulary of elements based on orders, and a set of rules, and within the new Renaissance way of design thinking, the mind of the designer was equally apparent, so much so that his personality could, and even should, show through in his finished work (2).

Politics

Leon Battista Albertir's design of the church of S. Francesco, located in Rimini, was built in 1450. The church was a centrally planned and was inspired by ancient architectural philosophies, Greek and Roman. Alberti wrapped a previous building with a new wall to reconstruct a classical building utilizing arches, and a triumphal arch much like Roman Architecture. The architects, McKim, Mead, and White drew inspiration from Albertir's classical style when building the Boston Public Library, in the nineteenth century. The Boston Public Library was planned around a central courtyard, similar to S. Francesco and the exterior of McKim, Mead, and White also drew heavily upon the Albertir's idea heavily implementing the use of arches and vaults. The Renaissance style has been used in large cities such as San Francisco, New York, and has influenced various government buildings in Washington DC. Renaissance style and techniques used in these historic buildings can be seen in modern day buildings.

Section II

Architecture and Design

Provide Three Characteristics

Renaissance architecture is mainly derived from both Greek and Roman architecture. Humanism is the idea that you feel like you can aspire to do anything by learning and having a good education and this was very important to all three styles. Another big part of all three styles is the interaction between Man and structures. While Greek and Roman styles had the biggest influence on the Renaissance, Gothic architecture also played a role. Renaissance designers (much like Leon Battista Alberti) wanted to move away from the previous style, however, Gothic architecture also used man-like techniques to measure out space and materials; it is where the expressions a thumbnail, at arms length, and a foot derived from. Difference is, that Gothic architecture used someone different each time and there was no exact measurement for these sayings, but the Renaissance style took those sayings and made them into something specific.

Specifically, Renaissance uses the arches, humanism, and corinthian columns that was used in both Greek and Roman architecture; there was no Renaissance building that is a copy of an ancient precedent, no painting or sculpture that looks like Roman or Greek. Details might be imitated, concepts rediscovered, but the Renaissance always generated new synthesis from the knowledge that came from study of ancient classism (1).

Provide at Least Three Descriptors

S. Maria della consolazione interior has a centralized square plan, with three polygonal apses and one semi circular. Each are capped by semi circles and the central square becomes a cube capped by a large interior dome. The church and the convent was built by Guiniforte Solari but was modified by Bramante in the late 15th century. Bramante enlarged the church by adding a large semi-circle apse, a cloistered a refectory, and a drum shaped come that is surrounded by columns.

Furniture from Palazzo Davanti (bedroom) has been fully preserved and well taken care of. Most renaissance furniture is made of wood (oak, walnut, or cypress). Canopy beds were used for both warming reason and privacy, but these beds along with chairs, were not considered comfortable. In the renaissance convenience was more important than practical. Davanzati bedroom is elaborate. The ceiling has exposed wood which is covered in a decorative pattern and the floor is tiles. The walls are covered in frescor's and the overall feeling of the room is warmth. Furniture if minimal but there are the essentials, bed, dresser, baby cradle, table, and chairs. The baby cradle is also made out of wood and could be moved throughout the room (either close of further away from the fireplace or master bed). The last pieces in the bedroom are two chars, a table and a dresser. Over the dresser is some painting of a significant religious characters and it was common that bedrooms had fireplaces in the corner for the cold winter months. The table and chairs were used as a way to display and work on writing pieces and reading. During the Renaissance one could not brag about their wealth, therefore they would leave their studies out on tables as a way to demonstrate their intellect.

Medicine and astronomy were common in households. Astronomy was used for telling time and the wealthier an individual was, the more access they had to these instruments. The armillary could be used to cast the horoscope at the birth of a child and astrology provides the link between health and the heavens, and not only through the predictive power of the horoscope / A physician was trained in consulting the heavens for predicting the course of disease and determining the most propitious time for therapeutic intervention (3) As mentioned, in furniture, wood was commonly used. However, these instruments were typically made of brass, gilt brass, and more rarely, silver.

Provide Three Characteristics

Renaissance design has influenced many pieces of architecture and interior designs since it became a style. French architect, designer, and inventor Philippe Starck is derived from Renaissance style. He focuses on how the essentials are important, the relationship between Man vs. nature, and he claims that everything should be organized to the needs of human bodys. As well as influencing specific designers as previously mentioned, the style has influenced the Boston Public Library, churches and cathedrals in large cities, Government buildings in Washington DC, and residential homes are sometimes decorated in the Renaissance style.

Materials

Furniture was commonly made out of wood. Chairs, beds, and chest would have wood carvings depicting a religious scene, and hints at its reflection on both Greek and Roman architecture. An example of a piece of furniture that is made of wood and has gilding is a
Lacquered and gilded games table, with detachable top of lobed oval outline, painted with birds and flowers, with shaped frieze containing two drawers on bold cabriole legs painted and mounted (4). Along with furniture, Rosary beads were also made out of wood and gilded gold. Brass was used for the more expensive decorative arts.

Motifs

In the S. Maria della consolazione church interior on the north wall is The Last Supper painted by Leonardo da Vinci. The conversation that is depicted in Da Vinci's photo is the moment right after Christ said "One of you will betray me". Each of the 12 Apostles in the painting are depicted with different movements and expressions and therefore his painting is known as one of the masterpieces of the world and has had a great deal of influence over the figurative art style. The furniture from Palazzo Davanti bedroom does have carvings in the wood

Construction Techniques

Wood was a generally easy medium to work with and was the most common material used in Renaissance furniture. In the construction of cassones, chairs, tables, beds, corner cupboards, and game table, these walnut, cypress, and oak pieces were shaped, carved, and built into fabulous pieces that then were ornamented with gild, gold, ivory, frieze, scrolls, and more.

One major item in minute detail

After getting guidance from Brunelleschi, painter Masaccio created a fresco painted called the Holy Trinity at S. Maria Novella in Florence. Brunelleschi found the way to take a three dimensional object and replicate it exactly on a two dimensional surface, convincing the illusion of space. The painting depicts God standing on a sarcophagus holding the crucified Christ while S. John and Mary are standing in front of two kneeling donors. The donors were not allowed to be in the recessed space where the biblical characters are depicted near the cross, they were purposefully painted to appear in the space of the viewer. One-point linear perspective is the technique that gives the sense that the painting receded back into space.

Renaissance art and architecture focus on proportions and symmetry, and the composition of this painting is in a pyramid shape, much like the panel of bronze doors competition Brunelleschi entered in for the Florence Baptistery.
Renaissance style is a reflection of Roman and Greek classical architecture. In the painting a coffered ceiling, barrel vaults, columns, and pilasters are depicted which were substantial in Roman architecture specifically. Using the one-point perspective technique in the coffered ceiling, creates the vanishing point which is located at the bottom of the cross. This is what causes the painting to look as though it is receding into the chapel.

Finally, at the bottom of the fresco is a skeleton in a tomb. Until recently, this part of the fresco was covered. The tomb was painted with the intentions to look as if it was three dimensional and coming at an outward projection. Above the tomb are words that have been translated to "What you are I once was; what I am, you will be". This is a portrayal of death and that it is destined for everyone. Above the crucifiction there is a message of hope, freedom from death for believers. The complex painting is an example of a biblical story, science, and art all in one.

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Architecture of Renaissance Period

Location, Continent, Country/City

Time Period and Related Artistic Styles

Environment

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