Month: June 2019
The Mexican-American War
Manifest Destiny was the belief that American expansion was destined to expand across the continent going westward. The Mexican American War was fought to defend territory that the US wanted and resulted in the Mexican Cession. The war was fought from April 25th 1846- February 2, 1842. James K. Polk was president at this time and wanted to make America great and powerful. Polk was very big into expansion and believed that he could rule over the land from sea to sea. Polk and his army fought in the Mexican American War in order to win over all the land that could make Polk's dream of ruling from sea to sea true. In the war the US Army was fighting against the Mexican Army, led by their president Jose Joaquin Herreara. The Mexican Army and Mexico believed that Texas and the other western territories belonged to them and that the US should not be able to expand and take over the area in the west. However, the US was trying to to grow across North America and nothing was going to get in their way of doing this. Polk and the rest of the US dreamed about moving across the country, which is what manifest destiny was about; moving westward. Do to the US and Mexico not agreeing on land, the Mexican American War was declared. President James K. Polk justified the Mexican American war as a war of expansion to make American dominant.
Before the war began, in 1836, Texas gained its independence from Mexico and established themselves as a lone state not belonging to any other nation. At first the US did not want anything to do with the state of Texas because it was supposed to be a slave state, but then in 1844 President Polk was elected as President of the United States and the term manifest destiny was created. President Polk had a dream of owning all the land from sea to sea and was going to do anything to get this land, even if it meant a war. Polk was big into expansion and found no better place but to move west on North America. One thing stood in the way of Polk's dream of moving west and that was the Mexican Army and their President Jose Joaquin Herrera. Polk wanted Texas, California, New Mexico, and the Oregon Territory with everything in between. As Polk was planning on moving west, the word spread to the Mexicans and they started to create borders in Texas and made it clear to the US that if they wanted Texas their was going to be a war. Polk being set on his dream of wanting land from sea to sea ignored the fact of this and went along with his plans on moving west. In order for Polk to be successful, he knew that he needed to get the US to side with him. Polk justified that the land was going to help them in the future and made sure that it wasn't because he wanted more land and power. Polk decided to send troops out led by General Zachary Taylor of the US army to the Rio Grande. When the troops arrived, the Mexican cavalry killed 12 of the US men, but this was all of Polk's plan of ruling over all the land. Polk ended up sending many men out to fight in different battles in order for his dream to become a reality.
The Mexican Army soon began to realize that they were outnumbered, out-trained, and did not have enough weapons to attack the US, so they ended up having to retreat. Having Mexico retreat is what lead the US to many victories and is what lead them to the the 2 year long brutal war. After winning the small battles Polk ended up having the people of the US on his side, along with the support from the government, which was exactly what Polk needed to be successful. The US declared war on Mexico 2 short days after the attacks. May 13th was the beginning of the war that Polk wanted in order for his dream of expansion to come true.
When war broke out against Mexico in May 1846, the United States Army numbered a mere 8,000, but soon 60,000 volunteers joined their ranks. The US took over the Rio Grande very easily, which worried the Mexican President. Looking for help the Mexican President reached out to general, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who was going to lead the Mexican Forces into the battle of Buena Vista. After losing terribly in this battle of Buena Vista, Santa Anna took over as president and gained control of the Mexican forces. After taking control of the forces the Mexican Army still had a very hard time defending their territory as the US was gaining more and more people to help take down the Mexican Army. Polk Ended up sending 2 men out. John Fremont and Stephen Kearny were sent to control the coveted lands of California and New Mexico. Fremont secured California by 1847. Kearny easily secured New Mexico by 1846. After securing California, New Mexico and the Rio Grande, Polk was on his way to the middle of Mexico.
The US was easily dominating over the Mexican Army because of the weapons that the US Army was using. They were using high tech weapons that the Mexicans did not have. They were using up to date muskets, rifles, pistols, revolvers, and swords to fight the Mexican Army. While the Mexican Army had the same weapons, they were just old and would often tend to not work when they needed them too. These advantages that the US had, paved the way for Polk's dream to become a reality. As all of this was going on throughout North America, the people not fighting the war were worried that Polk was making decisions that would hurt them. Many started questioning what Polk's intentions were with the war and thought that he was just wanting the land for the power. This was true but the people of the North were also not realizing that this was going to help them grow. As the war still was going on for the land, the US was slowly starting to dominant it. More and more deaths were happening for Mexico and resulted in Santa Anna to retire. Soon after this the Mexican government collapsed. This did not stop the Mexican Army. They still were trying to fight for the land, but the US was becoming stronger and stronger that it was almost impossible for Mexico to have a chance. During this time the Mexican Army was being rebuilt. Once the Mexican Army was rebuilt and the US army made it to the middle of Mexico, Mexico was defeated leaving President Polk the ruler of all the land in the western territory. All that remained was negotiating the terms of peace. The US defeated the Mexican Army and Polk reached his goal of expansion.
The Treaty to be signed would known as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Treaty was signed in Mexico and stated that the US had gained power over California, Texas, and the New Mexico Territory. Today that would be California, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. Winning the war brought the US a lot of land from the west. 525,000 Miles of new land was now owned by the US. This Helped the growing population spread out over all the land. The new land cost $15,000,000 and they estimated the war cost around $75,000,000. The new land was good for American people who needed a fresh start or just seeking new adventures. Finally the people had the option to move west if they wanted. This lead to a lot of Pioneers to move to the west to seek out the new land and the opportunity that awaited them. The new land was good for growing crops, hunting, and agriculture. They built towns all over the new land to start up new communities. They found gold in California and other new crops. This made it easier to trade with other countries because they were closer and had new agriculture. These are just a few examples of the result of winning the Mexican American War.
Manifest Destiny was supposed to be a good thing because they were gaining land but that is not what the North thought. Abolitionists rightly feared that southerners would try to use newly acquired lands to expand slavery. Slavery was still a huge deal in the south and the North did not want that traveling up to them. The North thought more land equals more slaves. Along with all the new land, new borders were created, and new rules were instilled. Some states would allow slavery and some would not. This lead to the North and South not agreeing to the same things about slavery. Do to this many people were moving to new states, to make voting easier, whether they were for or against slavery. This ultimately lead to the famous Civil War. White supremacy was affecting the new land as well. White people believed that they were the only ones allowed to look for new land and move onto the new land. This lead the whites to brag about moving west and the others did not like this. Instead of enjoying the new land that Polk had won them, they were getting caught up in the rules and the slavery that the Mexican American War and Manifest Destiny brought them.
Manifest Destiny was born while President James K. Polk was president. Manifest Destiny was the Expansion towards the west and that is exactly what Polk Did while fighting the Mexican American War. The war itself had many good things come about it and also some bad. For the US they gained a bunch of new land, and they fought the war mainly on foreign soil, but also the uprise of slavery began to take place and a lot of people died while fighting in the war. For mexico their were a lot of tragedies. They lost all of their territory to the US, many people died while fighting and their government was destroyed resulting in a new government and a new president. Polk successfully reached his goal of obtaining the new land. Manifest Destiny reflected the concept of the Mexican American war. President James K. Polk made America Dominant by winning the land of the western territory. He dreamed of expansion and did everything he could to get what he wanted. Whether that meant sending his troops into dangerous areas, it was all part of his plan, and his plan worked. The Mexican American war was about expansion and was a crucial turning point in history and only helped America grow from there.
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The Mexican-American War. (2019, Jun 17).
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The Mexican War and Manifest Destiny
The Mexican- American War from 1846 to 1848 helped to accomplish Americans belief in “Manifest Destiny”, the God-given right to assume control of the entire continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. When the Mexica-American war ended, through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1848, America gained a vast amount of land including California, Texas, and other territories above the Rio Grande River. With new acquisition territory being introduced to the U.S many political and sectional divisions occur periodically, all circulating around the question of slavery.The Mexican-American war is a historical turning point, as political and sectional divisions abrupted as the question of whether America was a country of slavery or a country of freedom arose. Which resulted in a decline of unity and one of America's most deadly wars: the Civil War. After the Mexican War, the United States gained large parcels of the area in the region, including present time CA, AZ, and New Mexico. Although slavery had been an institution in America since before the revolutionary war, the labor issue which had not been at the forefront of public politics, came to big importance once again. The acquisition of Mexican territory spawned heated political debates over the question of slavery and the admission of the new territories into the union.
The Goldrush, attracted vast amounts of migrants from all over, even from foreign countries such as Japan, with this new gained population California met all regulations to enter the union, and it would attempt to do so as a free state. This further infuriated the south, and the government needed a quick solution to the ease the tensions, in response, they proposed the compromise of 1850. This admitted CA as a free state, called for a stricter fugitive slave act, and ended the slave trade in D.C. Although the compromise may have postponed the Civil War, it was a temporary fix, that soon failed as more territories applied for the union. This is evident in the “Kansas and Nebraska Act” which ultimately led to “bleeding Kansas”. The government was incapable of creating an effective compromise, and the question over slavery divided the nation politically, as the increased debate over “free soil” and expansion of slavery occurred, as well as debates surrounding the Wilmot Proviso. The changes of the party system, including the death of the Whigs in 1850, and the apparent rising of the Republican Party, created a dividing plane amongst political leaders in America. The North and the south were always different, in spite of failed attempts to industrialize the south, in “southern reconstruction”, the sectional tensions emerged from the question of slavery still persisted in Southern culture, and landscape. The North relied on textiles, manufactured through there vast industry, however, the south was much less developed and substantially agricultural: they depended on slave labor to survive. Thus, the south recognized abolition of slavery as a direct threat towards their survival. With the vast amount of acquired land from the Mexican-American War, whether the question of slavery should extend into these territories exploited.
Northerners supported the Wilmot Proviso, which prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican- American War.However, Southerners continuously fought against the passage of the proviso. The division even grew violently, and even though for a few years after Compromise of 1850 when sectional conflicts seemed brief to have succeeded amid booming prosperity, but tensions between South and the north remained and burst into open in 1854. Northern opposition to the fugitive slave Act led to mobs preventing law enforcement, and divisions occurred when the North began to pass their own laws barring deportation of fugitive slaves. The Gadsen purchase only accentuated the sectional rivalry between pro-slavery; North and anti-slavery; South. Bleeding Kansas exemplifies violent divisions between the north and the south, as a group of Pro-slavery from Missouri, sacked Lawrence, burned the “governor’s” house and destroyed several printing presses; bleeding Kansas became a symbol of sectional controversy. Through increased violence and different beliefs, the sectional tensions grew. Events such as when John Brown gathered six followers and murdered five pro-slavery settlers, known as the Pottawatomie Massacre, as well as the Harper's Ferry raid intensified tensions between the north and south, leading to the successions of the southern “fire-eaters”; SC, MS, FL, GA, LA, AL, and TX. In February 1861 representatives of succeeded states met at Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederate States of America.
The north and the south were completely divided sections, into the Confederates and the Union, and two months later the civil war erupted, and it is evident to say that it began over the demand for the South to maintain and spread slavery into new land acquired. The questions of slavery haunted Americans and caused a nation division politically and sectionally. As the era of manifest destiny urged Americans to acquire land and achieving this goal through the Mexican-American War cost Americans their unity. The south and the north turned on one another, and although much changed and we are now united, somethings still remain different. Even today the south is very much different from the north. The south is not as dense population wise as compared to the north, the south is more rural, and the south has a different culture; with different accents and better access to guns than the north. This is very similar to the civil rights movement of the 1960s, while women and African Americans fought for social reforms. America experienced a drastic change, they added the 19th amendment, that gave women political status, and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, also known as the Civil War Amendments, were designed to ensure equality for recently freed slaves. Although all these changes were made African Americans today still face prejudice, and women in many parts of the world don't receive equal pay or education in comparison to men.
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The Mexican War and Manifest Destiny. (2019, Jun 17).
Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/page/15/
Heavy Impact of Technology
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Heavy Impact Of Technology. (2019, Jun 17).
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Causes and Effects of the Black Death in 14th Century Europe
Throughout the early 1300s, Europe was thriving and progressing forward each day. The economy was on the rise, security was getting stronger, and Churches were building mile-high Cathedrals every which way you looked. Europe was on its way to hosting world powers even potentially until death swept across the entire continent taking the lives of millions. Between the years of 1347 and 1351, an unfamiliar plague killed a third of the world's entire population, an estimate of 25-40 million people. In 1899, French biologist Alexandre Yersin came to the discovery of the bacteria that was the cause of this disease- Yersinia pestis. While this disease was deadly, the causes of the spread of the disease may have been even been more fatal. The world changed drastically due to this horrific event in many ways, with some even having positive results.
In today's society, we now know the deadly disease as The Black Death, a nickname coming from one of the effects of the disease. Victims would have large black boils swell upon their bodies, typically around their necks and armpits, that would release puss and blood. Other symptoms consisted of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, terrible aches and painsand then, in short order, death. We also now know that there were three different types of the plague- bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. The bubonic plague was the most common type, hence the reasoning for all three types often being categorized under just bubonic. It's named bubonic after it's symptom bubobes, the earlier mentioned black swellings on the body. The second type, the pneumonic plague, infected the lungs and was very contagious when victims coughed. Due to the disease primarily attacking the lungs, the infected often coughed often and would infect the air by doing so. According to PBS, mortality rates for treated individuals range from 1 percent to 15 percent for bubonic plague to 40 percent for the septicemic plague. In untreated victims, the rates rise to about 50 percent for bubonic and 100 percent for septicemia. The mortality rate for untreated pneumonic plague is 100 percent; death occurs within 24 hours. The third type was called the septicemic plague, which consisted of the blood being poisoned by bacteria or toxins they produce, which could be a result of either the bubonic or pneumonic plague. The septicemic plague was less common but had a very high fatality rate all the same. According to Author Diane Williamson, the fatality rate of the septicemic plague fell between 20-40%, with a 100% rate for those untreated, which was often the case.
The bacteria Yersinia pestis is carried by rodent fleas, living in their digestive season. These fleas would often infect humans and animals by biting into their skin. Humans can also be infected by handling or being with or around infected animals. The most common animal to carry the disease, especially during the 1300s, were rats. Rats were everywhere in big cities during this time mainly in part of the vast overpopulation of cities. Overpopulation had many positive effects on things such as growth and the economy but also caused negative impacts, specifically on sanitation. The terrible sanitation in the cities was the primary cause for the surge in numbers of rats in cities, providing great living environments for said rats. For example, the growth of the cities brought in more slaughterhouses to feed all the people needed, leading to animal entrails and carcasses lying around streets for rabid animals to help decompose. Also, there was not enough sewage and rarely any plumbing in the cities, leading to human waste being everywhere in alleys, often just falling from windows in buildings above. Buildings during this time were built very poorly as well, giving easy access to rats and fleas. It's also worth noting that bathing was not common at all yet, causing a lot of filth. With people dying left and right at the time, the dead were stacked in ditches or other places, almost always together as there weren't enough people with the will to take care of the dead and infected bodies. Even when bodies were buried, a lot of time it wasn't deep enough and wild animals would come along to dig up the corpses. All of these were significant attractions for fleas and the rats carrying them to come to the big cities.
Rural areas were also very vulnerable to the disease for many reasons. During the years leading up to the plague, there were many droughts throughout Europe resulting in reduced growth of crops. This ultimately caused awful harvests, which had many problems that came along with it. For one, without strong crops people became less malnourished, making them much more susceptible to the disease. A smaller amount of crops also led to the large population of fleas and rats making their way into cities. The droughts also contributed to the overpopulation of cities, as many families had to give up their farms and move to look for better income. Homes in rural areas were built poorly as well, the majority of them being made up of just mud bricks and any resources that could be found, creating effortless access for rats and fleas.
During the plague years, the disease spread very quickly in large part to ships and their transportation of the disease. It is believed by many that the plague entered Europe by infectious people that traveled by boat into either Constantinople, Genoa, and the Island of Sicily. From there, the disease rapidly spread through the cities and the countrysides. All it took was breathing in the wrong air for people to be instantly infected. According to author Jim Ollhoff, there is also rumor that an infected boat that floated onto the shore of Norway, with only one living passenger as the rest had passed due to their symptoms. The last living member of the boat then managed to infect and spread the disease through all of Norway. During the plague years, ships coming into harbors were often quarantined for 40 days, meaning that no one was allowed to leave the ship to prevent sick people from bringing disease into the port city. People knew that the disease spread from person to person, so the quarantines might have worked a little. However, overlooked at the time was the rats that could easily make it to shore on the ropes that moored the ships. Since the rats spread the disease, even just having a ship docked nearby could mean an infection in the city.
Towards the end of 1350 and the beginning of 1351, the quick and vast widespread of the Black Death finally stopped. There were no significant cures found or particular reasons as to why, it merely just ceased. The final toll the disease had was excruciating, as it obliterated a third of the world's population and hurt the economy desperately. While the population was a significant reason for the spread of the disease, it may have also contributed a lot to the end of it. Due to the elimination of a lot of the population, there was a much small number of people that could catch the disease and pass it along. Less crowding also meant fewer attractions for disease-carrying beings such as trash and waste. It's also likely that the survivors of the disease had built an immunity to the disease during the years that it had its strongest pursuance. The disease had many effects on the world, and while it was a major gut punch to the growth of Europe, would just stall the process.
A significant effect of the disease was the much-needed increase in sanitation in cities and homes of people everywhere. People began to bathe on a much more regular basis, and much more thoroughly. This also led to the unbelievable, but real medical advances of washing hands. It was very uncommon for people to wash their hands during this time, but because of the impact, the disease made an immediate change was made in that department. Cities also made attempts at trying to clean the streets and rid of all types of waste to keep areas clean. Cities began finding places for trash and sewage outside of cities, to try and keep cleaner and safer living environments. Another innovative advancement in sanitation was the establishment of more secure and private burial practices, providing better security to the bodies of the dead and cleaner areas in the city.
Another impactful advancement during the time came in the fields of education and medicine. After the devastation that was the Black Death, people needed to know many things, but mainly how it happened, and how to prevent it from happening again. A large number of schools were built as education became more important, and the study of medicine became much more popular. People searched for ways to stop the epidemic from happening again and trying to come up with many prevention methods. People looked into treatments as well, for emergency reasons. Along with better schools, better hospitals were built and more people joined the field.
The Black Death was chaotic and terrifying for all, and it impacted the beliefs of many. People began to lose faith in God and their Churches, as they looked to place blame for what had happened, and questioned why they hadn't been saved. The Church lost a lot of leaders to the plague, and the number of people interested in joining the Church decreased substantially. Most of the clergy that had not fled their posts contracted the deadly disease when taking care of its victims. With fewer priests but more and quicker deaths, Pope Clement VI was forced to grant remission of sins to all who died of the Black Death and allowed confession to one another. The new priests after the epidemic were often less educated and more inexperienced than their predecessors, which led to a worse reputation of the church. Ultimately, the poor reputation of the Church during this time had a tremendous impact on the enlightenment.
The economy was another area that took a deep hit from the Black Death, and economy that was previously thriving. The economy underwent abrupt and extreme inflation very quickly. Due to the fact that it was so difficult, but mainly dangerous, to receive goods through trade and to produce them, the prices of both goods produced locally and those imported from elsewhere skyrocketed. Also, due to the illness and death of many, workers became exceedingly scarce. Even peasants felt the effects of the new rise in wages. The demand for people to work farms was so high that it threatened the success and rebuild of cities. Serfs were no longer tied to one employer; if one left the land, another farmer would instantly hire them because of the vast need for workers. Many farmers and landowners had to make changes to make the situation more profitable for the peasants and to keep them on their land. In general, wages outpaced prices and the standard of living was subsequently raised.
During the Black Death, governments across Europe were confused and were forced to handle situations they didn't know how to. At this time the Church was much more powerful than governments and the Pope was the highest authority. When large amounts of people lost faith in the Church and its leaders, many turned to the government for answers. The government was lost during this time and made few decisions, and the only advice they had to give to people was to lock themselves away. When the government had no solutions or funds to help, the people turned their backs on them as well, due to the part that the government was a total wreck and just as lost as everyone else.
A very compelling area that was impacted dramatically by the Black Death was architecture. Due to the loss of many high-level masons, artists, and architects, the field required a new wave of workers to come in and handle the workload. With them, the new professionals brought new inspirations, motivation, and ideas that shaped that the new future and design of Europe. After seeing the effects the disease had, architects were able to figure out how to build stronger buildings and homes, making it more difficult for fleas and rats to gain access to.
The Black Death had many causes as to why and how it spread, whether that be on the backs of rats and fleas or through the coughs of victims. However, the most significant cause and spread of the disease having the major effect it did was overpopulation. Overpopulation caused rats and fleas to have more reasons to be in the streets of big cities, as well as making it easier for the disease to spread from person to person. Ironically, the biggest reason the diseases reign ended is that of the low populations, as a result of the effects of the disease. As time continued on the disease had less and fewer people to spread to, and most that lived had built up an immunity to it. While the disease wiped out a third of the world's population, there are good things that come out of all tragedies. The Black Death is well known for being the cause of advancements in architecture, education, and medicine. Governments and hospital management were also able to implement many safety strategies and infection prevention strategies in case of another emergency after the fact. Like nearly all tragedies, the Black Death came out of nowhere full of devastation, followed by change and hope.
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Causes and Effects of the Black Death in 14th Century Europe. (2019, Jun 16).
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Depression and Suicide
J.K Rowling, a very prominent author who shared her own struggle with setbacks and touched on the immense feelings she encountered during her personal journey to becoming a published author, Depression is the most unpleasant thing I have ever experienced. It is that absence of being able to envisage that you will never be cheerful again. The absence of hope. That very deadening feeling that is so very different from feeling sad. Sad hurts but it's a healthy feeling. It is a necessary thing to feel. Depression is very different. Depression has proliferated significantly over the years. About 10.3 million people are diagnosed with depression every year and are recognized by professionals in the mental health field as the primary reason people commit suicide. The rise in depression also correlates with the rise in suicide; especially among teens which is now the second leading death among the youth. Depression leads to suicide because of chemical imbalances, situational depression, and to end the emotional pain.
DSM V defined depression as feelings of severe despondency and dejection. It is a disease that clouds a person's mind with intense emotional feelings. Which they often find living, performing everyday routines, working, relationships, and school completely unbearable. These simple tasks that most of us can perform in a heartbeat, takes vast physiological efforts for them to perform. A person who is affected by depression has this mindset where they ask the question, What is the point in living? People who have depression are overwhelmed by painful emotions and see that death can be the only way to end the pain. Many of them don't want to die but find it the only solution to end their seemingly never-ending pain. Although they don't see the view that suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary state. Joshua Beharry who is a survivor of a suicide attempt where he wrote a reflection on wanting to end the pain. Some people think suicide is a cowardly or selfish act, but carrying it out is far from easy. Forming the foundations of all life is the urge to survive. Something catastrophic must happen to rob someone of their will to live, convincing them that death is the only thing that can end their torment. When the term suicide is brought up it frightens people to think about someone ending their life. The realness of the finality of this act but really to people that suffer from depression they believe it's the beginning to getting rid of the pain that manifests within them.
Furthermore, scientists often conclude that many mental disorders such as depression or anxiety can come from chemical imbalances. Chemical imbalances in the brain occur when there are too many or too little of a certain chemical, such as neurotransmitters. These are natural chemicals that your brain contains which facilitate communications in your nerve cells. An example would be serotonin. Serotonin impacts every part of your body emotionally and physically. It is considered a natural mood stabilizer which can also help with sleeping, eating, and digesting. Serotonin in the brain is thought to regulate anxiety, happiness, and mood. In my experience, my sister, who suffers from depression takes specific medicine to target chemicals in her brain that is low. Her moods swing very easily and she often focuses on the negative rather than the positives. She takes medicine for stabilizing her moods and anti-psychotic medicine to help balance the chemicals. Low serotonin levels almost certainly leads to depression or other mental disorders. If you have lower serotonin levels it is hard to see the bright side and is difficult to regulate enjoyment and happiness. Normal serotonin levels allow you to be more emotionally stable, but when serotonin is missing it is very challenging to make rational decisions. They become pessimistic on aspects of life and the idea that they will never recover from this illness. Which is why many people with chemical imbalances come to the ideation of suicide.
There are multitudinous reasons why depression can occur. Situational depression is short-term depression from stressful events in your life, rather than clinical depression which is long term. It often magnifies and prevents you from performing tasks in your life. As we go through the journey of life it's very common to have times where experiences stretch your limits to cope with daily routines. Situational depression involves the overwhelming of your coping mechanism to adapt to new situations. Examples might be divorce, loss of a loved one, birth, retirement, or illness. The symptoms that might occur in situational depression are withdrawal, alcohol and drug abuse, recurring crying, worthlessness, and hopelessness. The feelings of hopelessness that occur in a period of grief can be very challenging. About 80 percent of us will go through an episode of depression in our lifetime. During, this time our immunity to cope with hardships is very weak. It is easy to give up that's why it's very common for people to commit suicide. An example of situational depression is my Grandma, her husband who she had been married to for 40 years died. They had visions that they would grow old together but was suddenly hit by an extremely traumatic event. After it occurred she wouldn't eat, withdrew from leisurely activities, could not sleep, and cried often. It took tremendous efforts to overcome this feeling of worthlessness; for the longest time, she couldn't understand why something so horrible would happen to her. She eventually sought medical attention to help her get over this loss. Without attending a medical professional to help her it could've ended catastrophically.
The suicide prevention, awareness, and support organization said, One of the most ignorant and insensitive statements that anyone can make to someone with depression is ""snap out of it."" If someone around you or you're new to the idea of depression you might think depression is something they can choose like sadness. If you fall off your bike and scrape your knee you can't control the pain that comes. You can't control how much or when it'll stop hurting; just like depression. Sadness and Depression are entirely different ideas. Sadness is a very common human emotion. We have and will always experience sadness as long as we're living. After an event occurs that makes us sad we adjust and we've gotten over this disappointment. Depression, on the other hand, cannot be overcome as easy. You can't choose to be depressed or to not be. This disease has such a complexity that occurs, there are numerous factors that cause someone to have depression. It affects your emotions and perceptions. Unlike sadness which is usually triggered by something, depression is the lack of any triggers to be happy, sad, or scared. People might also think that positivity can be the cure to depression, but it's not as simple as sadness. If you are truly depressed a positive thought will not change your brain chemistry. When you dramatically change your brain chemistry then you are in a position to change your thinking.
On the same note, positivity can only help if you're in the state to change. Which could be a reason why antidepressants work, because they change the chemistry of your brain. It allows higher serotonin levels which can change and control your moods better. Allowing you to think more proficient and positive. While on the other side people believe it is only a placebo effect which is, a beneficial effect, produced by a placebo drug or treatment, that cannot be attributed to the properties of the placebo itself, and must, therefore, be due to the patient's belief in that treatment. People believe that the extremity of depression cannot be cured by antidepressants, and the reason why people take it is that they believe it might help.
In the end, depression should be taken seriously, about 70 percent of suicide victims had experienced some type of depressive disorder. Depression can lead to suicide by multiple reasons, but the main ones are chemical imbalances, situational depression, and to end the pain. We must not forget the cries of our friends. Let us not forget about all those who suffer greatly from it. If you believe someone is suffering from it, reach out with a compassionate hand. No one deserves to face the battle of depression alone. We must recognize and gain knowledge about depression to ultimately make a significant difference in someone's life.
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Depression and Suicide. (2019, Jun 16).
Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
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Critical Analysis of Trifles by Susan Keating Glaspell
Susan Keating Glaspell's background influenced her to write Trifles. One important influence on the drama was the author's case that she reported when she worked for The Des Moines Daily News. In Literary Contexts in Plays: Susan Glaspell's Trifles, just after Glaspell graduated college in 1899, she started work for The Des Moines Daily news. Bailey McDaniel had said that Glaspell first became aware of the Hossack case and subsequently became interested in not the case itself, but the public's strong reaction to it. As being a reporter Glaspell worked closely on the case, which she wrote multiple stories about an Iowa woman by the name of Margaret who killed her husband, John Hossack, with an axe. By comparison, Mrs. Wright, who never showed her face in the drama, had killed her husband the same way he had killed her bird. Though this case is about Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Hale, the neighbor of the Wrights, is seen to be the protagonist. In addition to her upbringing, another influence on the drama was her husband. On April 14, 1913, Glaspell married George Gram Cook, a rebellious son of the prominent Davenport family (Susan Keating Glaspell). According to Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, Staci Stone explained that Glaspell had to announce this drama ahead of schedule as to during the time period she was living in, she had to abide by her husband. Glaspell had said, I didn't want my marriage to break up so I wrote Trifles. Perhaps another important influence on the drama was the social impact that was around her. Usually when a person goes on trial, they are evaluated through their peers. This is not the case as it was said that women did not have the ability to serve on juriesfemale violence towards husbands was prohibitive (McDaniel). Trifles was written in the early part of the twentieth century during World War I and before women had the right to vote in the United States of America. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enables Glaspell in Trifles to develop the theme that deals with the female role in society and how justice has a whole different meaning to different people.
To develop this theme, Glaspell creates a believable plot through a social conflict and a determinate ending. Glaspell formulates a believable plot through the protagonist's social conflict. The protagonist, Mrs. Hale, deals with how the men treats her while in Mr. and Mrs. Wrights' house. The County Attorney, George Henderson, made a comment that said, Dirty towels! Not much of a housekeeper, would you say, ladies? (Glaspell 1477). His comment upset Mrs. Hale in such a way that she replies in a sarcastic tone and this sets how she feel throughout the rest of the drama. Suzy C. Holstein mentions in Silent Justice in a Different Key: Glaspell's Trifles, that because the way society had viewed on the women, it shows that they can do a different procedure on things than what the men could do (Holstein 288). Along with the social conflict, Glaspell further creates a believable plot in this drama by using a determinate ending. We call it---knot it, Mr. Henderson (Glaspell 1484). This simple statement from the protagonist can make the reader look deeper into why she had said this to the County Attorney. Throughout the drama, the protagonist and the Sherriff's wife, Mrs. Peters, had found all the evidence stating that Mrs. Wright had murdered her husband. At the end, the women had concluded not to tell the men anything for many reasons: the first reason being the men would not listen to them, the second is that they could relate and see why Mrs. Wright did it while seeing how she felt, and lastly that they felt what they did is right even if it went against the law to. Elke Brown had said, The women thus decide that their humanistic idea of justice outweighs the men's dogmatic reading of the law. Mrs. Peters could not fit the box that contained the dead bird in her purse, so the protagonist had hidden it in her coat instead. This is one of the main reasons that Mrs. Hale said the line, that is mentioned before, at the end of the drama. Mrs. Hale's social conflict leading to a determinate ending wonderfully reinforces the theme, of how women were being treated by society and how justice has a whole different meaning, in Trifles.
In addition to creating the theme with a believable plot, Glaspell also develops the theme of Trifles by convincingly characterizing the protagonist. The protagonist is convincingly characterized because she constantly trying to do what she thinks is right. Mrs. Hale, once seeing how the condition was in the kitchen, started to tidy it up bit knowing that this is not usually how Mrs. Wright does things in her home. [Mrs. Hale] feels guilty for having abandoned Minnie and partially responsible for Wright's murder (Brown), she feels this way as to being neighbors with Mrs. Wright and could have continued to visit to keep Minnie happy. As Mrs. Hale's tone had already been set throughout the entire drama, it is said that, [she] expresses discomfort at the men's violation of Mrs. Wright's house (Holstein 289). No matter if the home is a crime scene or not, she feels that the men still need to be more respectful for other people's home that they enter. Besides being convincing because she behaves consistently, the protagonist is a convincing character because she sees how men treats them motivates her to do the right thing. In the drama, Mrs. Hale made a comment to Mrs. Peters stating I'd hate to have men coming into my kitchen, snooping around and criticizing (Glaspell 1478). When the protagonist said this comment, she continued to do what she can and start to tiding up the kitchen before checking on Mrs. Wrights preservatives. Finally, the protagonist is convincingly characterized because she is plausible. Brown stated, Mrs. Hale questions the institution of justice as it is pursued by its officials; to her, Minnie's crime-through gruesome- is justified and the people who should be on trial are John Wright and her as representative of the community that abandoned Minnie (Justice in Trifles). Mrs. Hale feels that she should be the one to be on the jury even if she stopped visiting Mrs. Wright about a year before this horrific murder that has taken place. The protagonist's consistent behavior, motivation, and plausibility convincingly delivers the message of that justice has a different meaning for different people.
Perhaps the most important way that Glaspell develops the theme of this Trifles is that she uses symbolism and irony. Susan Glaspell also reinforces the theme of this Trifles though symbolism.
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Critical Analysis of Trifles by Susan Keating Glaspell. (2019, Jun 16).
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Buddhism and Islam
Buddhism and Islam seem on the surface world apart. Muslims believe in one god Allah. While, Buddhism is a religion with no gods. In this paper I will discuss the similarities of the teachings of Muhammad and Buddha but also the differences. I will also discuss similarities and differences in the belief systems, stereotypes and the treatment of women. First I will start with a brief introduction of the Muhammad and Buddha.
There are and estimated 480 million Buddhists worldwide.(1) Siddhartha Gautama aka Buddha was the founder of Buddhism. Buddha was born in the 6th century BCE. He was born in what is now known as Nepal. He was heir to the throne of Shakya clan. When he was 29 he decided to leave home in search of a way to end human suffering. Buddha spent much time with a Hindu ascetics but he rejected their path. He did not believe following their path would give him the answer to end human suffering. He sat in a spot by the river to meditate, where he remained until he reached enlightenment and achieved Nirvana. Buddha then began teaching other how to reach enlightenment by understanding the 4 Noble Truths. The 4 Noble Truths is the basis of the Buddhist belief system.
There are and estimated 1.6 billion Muslims in the world today.(2) Islam was brought into this world by the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, which is now Saudi Arabia. Muhammad was a business man who was married and had many children. When he was 40 years old, while reflecting in a cave on Mt. Hira, he received the first of many revelations from god. Muhammad received revelations from god for 22 years. These messages were recorded and became what we call the Quran. The Quran is the main religious test of Islam and is considered the best in classic Arabic literature.
Beliefs
Buddhists believe in no gods but like the Hindu religion, they do believe in Samsara (cycle of life, death and rebirth) and Karma ( law of cause and effect). The Buddhist belief system is centered on the 4 Noble Truths. 1st Truth is that life is characterized by Dukkha (suffering) and suffering is unavoidable. 2nd Truth is dukkha is the result of Tinha (desire) and desire can never bring true peace. 3rd Truth is suffering can be eliminated by abandoning desire. 4th Truth is abandoning desire can be done by following the Eightfold Path. Through the Eightfold Path humans can free themselves from karma. The Eightfold Path is eight necessary aspects of life that must be accomplished. These aspects are right views, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness and right concentration. The aspects are guidelines on how to act, speak, think, treat others even the right way to earn a living. By following the 4 Noble Truth and the Eightfold path you will attain enlightenment, reach nirvana and free oneself from samsara.
Islam is a monotheistic religion. Muslims believe in one true god Allah. They have on central belief and 4 Pillars, together they make the 5 Pillars. The 5 Pillars represent a total way of life rather than a private belief system. Muslims believe in the importance of respect for god, charity and neighbors. 1st Pillar is that there is one god Allah he is all powerful and one sin that god cannot forgive is not believing in him. One must pray daily to prove their devotion. 2nd Pillar is prayer both formal (certain words and certain actions required) and informal (can pour out heart, say anything). 3rd Pillar is Zakat or almsgiving, which all adult Muslims must give 2 ?? percent of all their wealth to the poor. 4th Pillar is the pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj). This must be done on a specific time of year and only if you can afford it. Muslims believe doing these things bring them closer as a community and closer to god.
Treatment of Women
Before Buddhas teaching women did not lead happy lives. Women were considered burdens to their families. Buddha believed women were not inferior to men on the contrary women were equally useful to society. Husbands and wife's should do their duties with equal dedication. Wives were expected to manage their husbands affairs when they were away. Women have equal rights to education and religion. Women can become Buddhist nuns and are allowed into the order. Some Buddhist believe that women cannot attain enlightenment and must be reborn as men to reach nirvana. This belief differs depending on which sect one belongs to. Some female Buddhist nuns are given different rules then the monks but this also depends on the sect you belong to. Many nun orders are working towards better conditions and education for women.
In Islam man and woman are moral equals and are required to fulfill the same duties. Islam improved the status of women compared to earlier Arab cultures. Islamic law gives the dowry to the woman not her family and guarantee inheritance. It also give women the right to own and manage property and stopped the killing of female babies at birth. Muhammad is said to consult woman ad seriously considered their opinions. Islamic law requires women to cover certain parts of the body it also requires men to cover body parts. Both men and women are required to practice modesty. Women also have the right to and education and to choose who they want to marry. While some Islamic county's oppress women most do not. Women today are active in improving treatment of women. Many Muslim women have been heads of state and active in their country's politics.
Stereotypes
- Buddhism is a philosophy not a religion. In fact Buddhism is a religion and people have been practicing this way of life even before Christianity. Miriam Webster online defines religion as a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices.(3) This definition thus proves that Buddhism is in fact a religion not a philosophy.
- Dalai Lama is like the pope. The title of pope has an exact line of succession, when the pope dies a new one is selected. With the Dali Lama he succeeds himself. When he dies he will be reborn as a baby and the cycle begins again.
- Buddhists are pacifists. Many Buddhists have fought in wars buddhas teachings say that one can fight for a just cause.
- All Buddhist are vegetarians. Buddha did not require his followers to be vegetarians. In the beginning Buddhist monks and nuns were fed by going around the city and received handouts from the towns people. They had to take what offered including meat.
- Arab and Muslims are the same people. Arabs speak Arabic and Muslims practice Islam. One can be one the other or both.
- Islam is very different from Christianity or Judaism. All 3 religions worship the same god in a different name. All are children of Abraham.
- All Muslims are fanatics. Some Muslims have a strict view on how to live but there is a great diversity among Muslims around the world.
- You can't be Muslim and be patriotic to the U.S.A. Many Muslims have fought and died defending the U.S. Muslims also currently serve in the armed forces.
While Buddhism and Islam are very different the basic principles are the same. One should be kind and live right. One should treat their neighbor with respect and live righteously. Whether, the outcome is nirvana or Jannah (heaven). Islam and Buddhism both have had issues with stereotypes and misinformation. In regards to the treatment of women both the teaching of Muhammad and Buddha say woman should be respected and regarded as equals with men. Some countries and or sects have had issue with equal rights to women and women are fighting back. Both, Muhammad and Buddha wanted to make the world a better place and help people.
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Diversity of Women and Minorities in the Entertainment World Compared to Buddhism and Christianity
Throughout the years, women and minorities have made significant steps towards equality in society. Going as far back as the right to own land to the right to vote. To this day, both women and minorities are making a positive stride towards equality. Entertainment plays a huge part in today's society. It has evolved for the better over the years. Diversity in women and minorities has grown tremendously in the movie, television, and music industry. The traditions of Buddhism and Christianity can be compared within the growth of diversity in women and minorities in today's entertainment world.
First, the movie industry has grown over the years when it comes to diversity for women and minorities. Over many years, the movie industry has changed, for what many believe is for the better. Over time, women and minorities went from being stereotyped to playing lead roles in movies. In films from the 1920s, women were flappers, working girls, virgins or vamps. (Luther 156) Fast forwarding many years to 1980, the comedy 9 to 5, which starred Dolly Patron and others who played roles of working women who rebel against their harassing boss. Jennifer Lopez and Halle Berry, who are considered minorities, have achieved success in many leading roles. (Luther 160) Halle Berry is the first and only women of color to win an Oscar for Best Actress. (Gonzales) Moving towards present day, Casino Royale, was released in 2006. Eva Green plays Vesper Lynd, a beautiful strong woman who Bond falls in love with. (Luther 163) Another huge release was the movie Wonder Woman. It made near $400M at the box office fueled by a female moviegoer fan base. (D'Alessandro) There is still a lack of women and minorities in movies, but it is seen that more and more women and minorities are playing powerful lead roles since the start of films. Although, there is definitely a long way to go when it comes to diversity for women and minorities in the movie industry.
In movies and television, religious characters are built to be relatable characters to the real world. Producers and directors do this to connect with the audience and make movies and television shows appealing. According to the Pew Research Center, 68 percent of Americans believe there's more than one way to learn about religion. And movies are one of the mediums. (Scribner) In The Lion King there is a scene where Mufasa appears in a cyclone of clouds and talks to Simba. There is a religious message being taught in this scene. The message is that life goes on after death. Both Buddhists and Christians believe that there is an afterlife. Death is not considered the end of life. The movie Little Buddha is about a man's spiritual journey. There is a main female role in the movie, the mother. She narrates the life story of Prince Siddhartha. Prince Siddhartha goes through a journey and once he attains enlightenment, he becomes Buddha. This movie exhibits how
Secondly, diversity for women and minorities in the television business has developed in a good way. Similar to the movie industry, diversity for women and minorities in the television business is growing. A study done by B.S. Greenberg and L. Collette from Fall 1993 through Fall 2004, indicated that the proportions of women and African Americans in television increased. (Greenberg) In the past, men dominated when it came to the strong lead roles in television shows. There was not a large representation of women and minorities in the television business. In present day, the hit television show, Scandal stars an African American woman, Kerry Washington, as lead character Olivia Pope. In the show, Olivia Pope is portrayed as a strong woman. In the beginning of the series, she runs a presidential campaign and eventually runs the White House. This shows that black women have at long last been accepted in above the line positions in mainstream Hollywood production. (Erigha) Many will agree that there is a positive development of diversity for women and minorities in the television business, but it is not near where it should be.
In a Netflix Original series, Orange is the New Black a female is one of the main characters. Cindy Hayes grew up in a strict religious household. As a child, she would get yelled at for eating before a dinner prayer. Growing up a Christian, she was judged for being so religious. When in prison, she came to terms with her upbringing. She finally wanted to explore a relationship with God. In the real world, it's rare that someone is truly judged for being religious and practicing it, but in this television show, religion is talked about it. It is presented in a respectful way.
Gilmore Girls was a television show that aired from 2000 until 2007. Mrs. Kim is a relevant character in the show. She is painted to be a strict Korean mother, who speaks English with a thick accent. In the show, the viewers learn that Mrs. Kim is actually a Christian, while her mother is a Buddhist. She had to hide her religious opinion and beliefs from her mom. She would have to hide her crosses and other things from her mother because she did not want her mother finding out. Growing up, Mrs. Kim's mother raised her to be a Buddhist. Driving her to hide her Christianity beliefs. She did not want to disappoint her mom with her own beliefs and opinions. Mrs. Kim is a minority and she plays a big part in the show. Women and minorities have grown tremendously in the entertainment industry. Alongside women and minorities, religion is incorporated into the entertainment world every single day. Women and minorities in these movies and television shows play religious main characters. The examples given show that Buddhism and Christianity are prominent in the entertainment world.
Lastly, diversity for women and minorities has changed in a positive way in the music industry. Currently rap is enjoying unprecedented success. In the rap world, it is predominately minorities. There are many successful rappers in the music industry. For example, the group Run DMC, Run (Joseph Simmons), DMC (Darryl McDaniels), and their DJ, Jam Master Jay (Jayson Mizell) have achieved rare longevity as rap artists. In 1984 the group produced the first rap album to be certified gold. They went on to become the first rap artists to collect two gold albums and a gold and platinum album simultaneously. (Powell 247) As for women in the rap world, Queen Latifah and the group Salt-n-Pepa were some of the successful ones. (Powell 252) A group from Los Angeles called N.W.A had an album released in 1988 called Straight Outta Compton. It was a collection of raps concerning life on the streets and suggested reality to many. (Sullivan 203) N.W.A was considered to be very successful. Their album eventually turned into a movie that was a hit in theaters. 16 members of the Celebrity 100- Forbes' annual list of the top-earning celebrities- are women. (Berg) It may not be a lot, but it is definitely progress.
Entertainment is a part of most people's day to day lives. Going back in time, there were very few women and minorities in the entertainment industry. This has changed drastically from the past to present day. To conclude, diversity in women and minorities in the movie, television, and music industry has progressed a lot over the years. They are seen playing main roles in big movies and television shows. Also, many top artists in the music industry are women and minorities. The entertainment world is a key part in today's society.
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Christianity and Buddhism
Religion is the moral compass of many; their reason for being and the motive to their everyday actions. Religious practices often become as much of a cultural experience as they do a spiritual one. Christianity and Buddhism are vastly different from each other yet they have one common goal, to live a peaceful existence.
Christianity was formed in 33 AD in Jerusalem by Jesus of Nazareth, who claimed to be god in human form, while Buddhism was formed sometime in the late sixth-century B.C.E. by a man in India named Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, after his spiritual realization(Diffen,;Vail; Adamson). Both Buddhism and Christianity convey the messages of morality, justice, and love(. Christianity is a monotheistic religion, as its believers only believe in one God; Buddhists believe in several gods. The intent of Buddhism is to be liberated from the cycle of life and death by reaching an enlightened state called nirvana. The main idea of Christianity is to love and obey God and form a bond with Him through his son Jesus by spreading the idea of Christianity so others can be delivered as well(Diffen).
The basic principles of Christianity are based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, the Messiah, the son of God, in opposition to Buddhism that is based on the life and teachings of Gautama, a normal man from India who never declared himself divine. Many believe that Buddhists worship Buddha but in Buddhism, there is no God; there is no judgment day which is a huge contrast to the belief of Christians which is that there is a God, an all-powerful God, who will come to earth to judge them for all of their sins. Buddhists do not believe in the concept of sin while confessing to your sins is a staple of the Christian faith(ETB; Adamson). Buddhists believe that the never-ending cycle of death, birth, and rebirth are caused by a person's desires, oppositions, and misunderstandings. Christians believe that sin is caused by lust and bad deeds with the notion that their sins are forgiven through the sacrifice of Jesus(Adamson).
Buddhists believe that when one dies they are then reborn to begin the cycle of death, birth, and rebirth that can only be discontinued by reaching Nirvana. By reaching Nirvana one has escaped suffering indefinitely(Diffen). The Christian faith believes that after one dies their soul leaves earth and goes to either Heaven, Hell, or Purgatory and spends the rest of eternity there. Christians believe that they will be delivered through the life, death, and sacrifice of Christ while Buddhists believe that they will reach Nirvana on their own accord by living an honorable life. (Diffen).
Both Christianity and Buddhism are two of the most practiced religions in the world. As of 2017, 2.3 billion of the world's population practices Christianity, 0.5 billion being Buddhists(Hackett, McLendon). The Buddhist population is 500-600 million while the Christian has over 200 billion followers worldwide(Diffen). The majority of the world's Buddhist population is located in Asian countries like Thailand, India, Japan, China, and Korea while the majority of the Christian population is located in the United States, South America, Europe, Austrailia, and New Zealand(Diffen).
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Buddhism Vs Christianity
Religion is one of the most valued things in human society. It is what constitutes a country, group or society of individuals together. Although, in other cases it brings up problems and destroys unity between people. Religion is the belief that humans have in a divine entity which controls the Universe. In multiple religions, there is more than one of these godlike entities. Every religion has differences between each other, but the most part of them look for right morals and justice in life. The topic of this essay is the differences between the Asian religion Buddhism and Christianity and the similarities as well corresponding the Divine law: Justice and Punishment.
The way Buddhist approaches justice starts with how individuals behave. They are based in the moral law of Karma, to which they relate everything that happens in their life and in which good actions generate positive consequences and bad actions negative ones. Since it is centered on the monastery, Buddhism has based itself from the five precepts of good conduct (not commit sexual wrong, not to kill, not partake of intoxicants, and not to steal or lie) and it acknowledges the existing political regime (doesn't go against it). The people who rule in this society, in the other hand, often patronize the sangha, giving a lot of protection and resources, in exchange for the blessing of the monks. These arrangements started a very long time ago, when Ashoka was the King of the Indian subcontinent King in the third century BCE and continues through many democratic and autocratic regimes in countries where Buddhism is the dominant religion. For the last twenty years, South-East Asia has grown the social engagement of Buddhism (mostly in countries like Burma, Vietnam and Cambodia).
Now that we know more about the way justice works in Buddhism, I will explain how the Biblical justice works (Christianity point of view).
Justice in Christianity involves making the entire universe (groups and communities, individuals and the cosmos whole) by remaining impartial and goodness. Christianity is considered a true helpful religion for those who need it, according to James, who says that the kind of ""religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world"" (James 1:27). In previous scriptures, he mentions as well, ""The righteous care about justice for the poor, but the wicked have no such concern"" (Prov. 29:7).
Justice comes from God's character and heart. Seeking to make the object of his holy love whole, is what motivates God throughout the Old and New Testaments in his judgments on sin and injustice.
Only if we have hope and stay in contact with Jesus we can participate in his work of restoring lives, the church, and the world by the Spirit of the Lord. The church is to live now, considering Jesus' restoration of all things.
As we experience the wholeness that Jesus offers, we are to carry his justice forward in the world. We can see God's heart in James' epistle. James, fought against oppression to the poor people. He saw how the leaders of the church were favoring the rich and not taking care of those less fortunate (James 2:1-13). James tried breaking down these branches, as God tries to make his people whole.
Christians still face the same problem nowadays, especially with the growing tendency of some Christians to downplay social justice to highlight personal morality. Jesus censored this in the Pharisees: ""Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices”mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law”justice, mercy and faithfulness"" (Matt. 23:23).
Let's explain now the Buddhism and punishment. Buddhism is fundamentally based in the cycle of birth and re-birth (Samsara). It teaches that if someone must be killed for a crime he has committed, it will have big effects on the souls of both the person who committed the crime and the punisher in future incarnations.
But Buddhism doesn't only punish people in future incarnations, it also punishes them in their current lifetime. Here is their point of view:
Treating an offender in an inhumane way doesn't solve their misbehavior or those of humanity in general (killing someone before they are punished in this world is not accepted). The best way to treat an offender is reformatory rather than punitive. People should be punished in the right way, making the offender make amends. Getting him to rehabilitate into society should be of maximum importance. If someone punished the offender in a very cruel way, it will injure the offender's mind and the punisher's as well. It seems almost impossible to severely punish someone with compassion. If this committed crime is extremely serious, the person must leave the community within he leaves, like his village, city, or country.
Now that we know how the punishment works in Buddhism, let's talk about Christian's point of view. From the Bible,
Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed Genesis 9:6
I will approach this topic from the two angles Christianity has given to punishment: Taken from the Old testament and the New Testament.
Old Testament
The death penalty is introduced in the Old Testament Biblical and tells us that, in fact, God himself created the death penalty. Many Christians don't think that Death penalty should be a convincing argument The Old testament describes 34 capital penalties other than Idolatry, magic blasphemy and murder described in the Old Testament. Since these are not capital penalties anymore, Christians insist in getting rid of all the other capital offences and leave murder as the only one considered as a capital crime.
New Testament
In Matthew 7:2 we can see ""Whatever measure you deal out to others will be dealt back to you"", although, it is not clear who deals with it: God or the state. By the other hand, Jesus said ""He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him surely die"" (Matt 15:4)
When Pilate had to decide if Jesus should be crucified, Jesus himself told him that there was no choice to make, that this decision has been given to him by God. (John 19:11).
It seems like Paul has his own idea of death penalty. From his scriptures we can see that the magistrate holds the authority ""does not bear the sword in vain; for he is the servant of God to execute His wrath on the wrongdoer"" (Romans 13:4).
Capital punishment takes the commandment 'thou shalt not kill' the literal way, affirming how serious the crime of murder is. This is based on taking this argument by its meaning, which could be interpreted as ""thou shalt not murder"", but some Christians believe that 'Thou shalt not kill' commandment should be a complete prohibition of killing, no matter the situation.
In conclusion, we can say that these religions differ in some respects. For example, in Buddhism they prefer reformation of the person rather than punitive actions, while Christianity accepts punishment, but does not accept death penalty (depending on the Testament) unless it's for murder. Buddhists believe that Justice comes from Karma (good things will happen to those who do good actions and bad things to those who misbehave in society), and Christians take justice the literal way it is given in the Testaments, but at the same time, justice must be applied comprehensively, being more understanding with poor people and more strict with those who have everything in life.
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Trifles: Developed Cast – Viola Davis as Mrs. Hale the Protagonist
Viola Davis can in a way act as Mrs. Hale the protagonist, as she is an individual who will not in any way put up with the mistreatment that some of the women are facing. In the play, the women such as Mrs. Hale have to put up with a lot of sexism and there is no doubt that Viola Davis will not in any way put up with the continuous harassment.
Jennifer Lopez as Mrs. Peters
Mrs. Peters is the wife to the Sheriff, which implies that she is expected to honor and have total respect towards the law of the land. However, she helps Mrs. Hale to cover the crime. In my view Jennifer Lopez can perfectly play the role of Mrs. Peters, as she appears to be the kind of individual who can help in covering up wrong doings.
Gabriel Match as George Henderson the County Attorney
In the play, Mr. Henderson is the County Attorney who is working towards unraveling the truth behind what has happened. He comes out as someone who is willing to all out to ensure that he establishes what truly went down and one individual who can effectively carry out that task is Gabriel Match. This based on the fact that Mr. Match always comes out as an individual who is willing to do all he can possibly can to ensure that he gets the bad guys behind bars.
Harry Lennix as the Sheriff
Sheriff Peters comes out in the paly as someone who is confused and does not know the best way to proceed with the case. As such, I hold the view that Harry Lennix can effectively carry out that task, as just as in the blacklist, he comes out as an individual who does not know the right way to manage the challenges and the threats being brought forth by Raymond Reddington.
Setting
In developing my play, I would step away from the 1916 setting and instead integrate a more modern outlook. This is largely because a more modern outlook will make it easy for the audience to identify the main arguments of the play. This implies that instead of the outdated furniture, more modern materials will be brought into the scene with additional luxuries being introduced as well (Glaspell, 2010). In the modern world, a lot of individuals are finding comfort in attending to their animals given that dealing with other human beings is quite problematic and the relationship that Mrs. Hale has with her cat can equally be identified with.
In addition, I hold the view that one of the main reasons why cracking the case appears difficult for the police officers involved is the fact that the old setting made it easy for Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters to easily get away with the murder that they committed. As such, a more modern setting will make it easy for the Sherriff and the County Attorney to re-construct the scene and bring the culprits to book (Stanislavsky, 2013). At the moment, a lot of technological advancements can help law enforcement officers in handling tight cases and I am convinced that in a modern setting it will be difficult for the crime that has been committed to be hidden from the law enforcement agencies.
Central Moments
The defining moment for Mrs. Hale is the fact that she actively takes part in the murder of her husband then pretends that she did not do it. She goes ahead and hides the evidence from the authorities, which infers that it will be difficult to unravel the truth behind the crime. As such, it is important for Viola Davis to approach the role with honesty; as such a strategy will ensure that the audience understands the pain that she is feeling.
The defining moment for Mrs. Peters is the fact that instead of reporting the crime, she went ahead to help her friend hide the evidence that would have linked her to the murder. This is quite unrealistic given that she is the wife to a law enforcement officer, which implies that she should be the one helping with unraveling the truth (Glaspell, 2010). In taking up the role it is important for Jennifer Lopez to exhibit a lot of loyalty, as by her own standards loyalty to her friend supersedes everything.
For the County Attorney, the defining moment is the fact that he is unable to figure out the truth behind the death of Mr. Hale. He knows that the perpetrator is within but is having a hard time piecing the pieces together. Gabriel Match should therefore approach the role with seriousness and the desire to get the job done (Stanislavsky, 2013). In addition, he should be on the lookout for the reactions of the suspects, as with keenness an individual will be in a position to identify who is truly behind the crime.
References
Glaspell, S. (2010). Trifles: A play in one act. Los Angeles, CA: Baker's Plays.
Stanislavsky, K. (2013). Building a character. Place of publication not identified: Read Books.
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Differences between Christianity and Buddhism
Christianity and Buddhism have different perspectives on religious rituals, marriage and laws. People with different religious beliefs tend to have contrasting cultures.
Christians and Buddhist practice different types of rituals for their religion. Prayer is a ritual used in Christianity they pray to their God for guidance, prayer is essential in their religion but Buddhist do not pray to anything they mediate to let go of everything. Sunday services are done differently in both religions, Buddhist Sunday's services are dedicated to meditating to Buddha with hopes of getting enlightenment. On the contrary, Christians Sunday's services consist of prayer, praise and worship and a message for God's people to get understanding. Christians and Buddhist have different views on communion. For Christians it is a time to remember Jesus Christ's sacrifice by eating bread and drinking wine in symbolizing His flesh and blood, but because the Buddha did not say anything about communion Buddhist do not partake in that activity, it is not necessary in their religion. In conclusion Buddhist and Christians have different rituals for their religion.
The viewpoints on marriage for Christians and Buddhist are different. For Buddhist marriage is not important, it is just an individual want. Whereas most Christians believe marriage is a gift from God so they should accept it. Christian marriage ceremonies are very elegant and meaningful because it exemplifies a covenant. If a buddhist decided to marry the wedding is very simple there is no dress code for the couple or the guests, the bride and groom might wear a Bhaku or just casual clothes. On the other hand, Christian weddings can be complex because of the preparations that need to be done for the wedding to be right in the eyes of God. The bride usually wears a long white gown symbolizing her purity and the groom wears a black suit or tuxedo to represent strength and sophistication. To summarize, Buddhist really have no motives for marriage but Christians do.
Buddhist and Christians contrast with their way of rules and laws. In Christianity there are commandments that must be followed for one to have a relationship with God, the commandments are put in place for the good of the people. However, in Buddhism they believe in the 5 moral precepts of Buddha which are basic rules that help get to enlightenment. Punishment and discipline are viewed differently in Buddhism and Christianity. Buddhist do not believe in any form of punishment, they believe that you get what you give or karma. Unlike buddhist, Christians believe that punishment comes from God when you do wrong towards Him or His people and discipline teaches self-control and love. The ultimate goal for Buddhist is to reach a point where they are awakened to everything in the world, for Christians the goal is to make it to heaven and meet their Creator. In the end Christians commandments and Buddhism rules differ from each other.
To sum up everything Christians and Buddhist have different religious views on rituals, marriage and laws.
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George Washington Carver
It all started on January 1 when George Washington Carver was born. He grew up on a small farm in Diamond Grove, Missouri. He also had a brother named Jim. He was born during the Civil War. His mother (Mary) and him were slaves. Knowing that he was born into slavery, he didn't know the exact year he was born. People say that he was born in 1864 or 1865. They later said that they would mark it as 1864. Their slave owners were a couple named Mose and Susan Carver. His mother and him were stolen by slave raiders. Mose Carver went looking for them but sadly he only found George and Jim. George and Jim then became orphans. Susan and Mose couldn't adopt them, because of the slavery. So they then, raised George and Jim as one of their own since they didn't have any kids.
George was interested in reading the Bible and also studying about plants and animals. At this point in time there were no schools around that let black children join. George soon traveled around the midwest to go to school. He found a school 10 miles south of where he was living. This school excepted black children at their school. He graduated from high school in Minneapolis, Kansas. George went to college in Iowa State to study to draw. We know that he is a scientist but before he wanted to be a artist. He would draw a lot of plants. Etta Budd, his teacher, saw his talent for art and said that painting was in him. She realized that as a black man he would not make as much money as an artist. She saw how successful he was with plants and thought he would be more successful to be a botanist. His teacher later told him that he should combine his love for science, plants, and art to become a botanist. He agreed and decided to enroll to study for botanist. He was also the first African- American student in Iowa State. He worked up to earn his masters degree.
After going to college and getting a masters degree in Iowa Stare George decided to begin teaching as a professor. He was also the first African- American professor at the college. Booker Washington contacted George to tell him that he opened an all- black college in Tuskegee, Alabama. Booker Washington was also been a slave, well until the age of ten. He wanted to see if George wanted to work at his college. George agreed and moved to Tuskegee. He then would teacher there for the rest of his life. He soon made the school the largest and richest school to be ran by African Americans. He made its so that only African Americans could work at that school.
Black people in the south saw how their rights disappeared without the federal protection. They first took away the rights for African American people to vote. Other states made people pay a certain tax. They also made them prove they could write and read. This only was for black voters and not white voters. Without enough power the African Americans could not stop the white people from getting back a type of slavery. With this they made it so black couldn't be with whites. For example they would have separate water fountains, they had to let the whites sit on the bus, and they had to go to different schools. There were also White Only signs made for this. If the black person wouldn't follow the rules they would be killed. Also if a white person killed a black person they would not go to jail.
In the south they would grow a lot of cotton every year. They noticed that the cotton was making the soil not as rich. George Washington Carver then decided to rotate the crops so the soil to stay rich. They would grow cotton with other crops such as sweet potatoes. He also taught this students this method so that they can also do it. Another thing that was wrong with the farming was the boll weevil. This is a insect that tend to eat the cotton. Carver found out that they hate peanuts. The farmers were worried that they wouldn't make enough money off of peanuts. This is where the Inventions started.
With the farmers planting peanuts, George Washington Carver decided to make things using the peanuts. He made many inventions such as dyes for clothing and cooking oil, plastics, fuel for cars, and peanut butter. He also invented things with soybeans and sweet potatoes. He made 300 inventions from peanuts and 118 from sweet potatoes. By doing this for the farmers they were able to rotate their crops and keep their soil healthy. For doing this he was known as the Farmer's Best Friend.
After making such great inventions. He later died four days after his birthday, January 5, 1943. He died from falling down his stairs at home. The congress later said that January 5th is now a day to honor. On this day they honor George Washington Carver for everything that he has done for our planet.
There are some cool or interesting facts about him. Since he was good with plants, people called him a plant doctor. Another thing they call him is the peanut man. Another thing that he believed is that peanuts can fight polio. Polio is a sickness that can make people's arms weak or paralyzed. He thought that his peanuts oil can prevent this from happening to people. This therrory was not true. The peanut oil does not help with the polio sickness. He tested it on people and found this out. Also a thing he did, or should I say didn't do, was to record data. He didn't seem the need to record his data. Lastly a funny thing he did was he called weeds natures vegetables. He thought that weeds could be a food source in America. He even said, there is no need for America to go hungry as long as nature provides weeds and wild vegetables Lastly he did not care about the money from his inventions. He rather cared about the people. He made these inventions so that the farmers could do the crop rotation and to make sure they got a profit from it, not for the money that he would make form it.
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Dr. Martin Luther King – Example of Civil Disobedience and Transcendentalism Ideas
Standing up for what you believe in, no matter the consequences shows how dedicated one can be, just like Henry David Thoreau. King was known for his views on racial injustice towards the black community. He used a peaceful approach to the topic, organizing boycotts and giving large speeches to his mistreated people. He was most famous for his I Have A Dream speech, given on August 28th, 1963 in Washington D.C. During his protests, King was arrested in Birmingham,Alabama and was sent to jail. With all this time on his hands, King wrote a letter in response to Birmingham clergymen who had recently criticized his actions. In this letter, King uses cultural criticism, pathos, and metaphors to expand on his thoughts. Two of his most famous articles of this are his I Have A Dream speech and his Letter from Birmingham Jail.
During King's time spent in jail, King expressed his views and feelings in a letter defending his approach of nonviolent protesting. This letter was wrote in response to the eight white Alabama clergymen. These men slandered King's name, provoked him, and questioned his methods.In the letter, King describes his experiences with cultural criticism. The text states There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Itsugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings on Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. (King). King recalls all of the injustices his people constantly face on a daily basis. During this time period, it is normal to whites to mistreat blacks, and the black community demands justice. As King goes on in his letter, he mentions the hardships his community faced. In the text, King states Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, Wait. But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and father sat will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters. (King) This example shows what King and the black community he represents has gone through and faced on the daily, but this didn't stop him for standing up for what he believes in. Although these events may be traumatizing, King continues to push forward, peacefully spreading his message to others. This is an example of how King compares to Thoreau on how strong they were with their ideas even risking going to prison for it.
The black community has been facing racial injustice forever it seems, and King was one who identified the problem and sought after change. King uses pathos to provoke an emotional response in his audience. In the letter, King saysWhen you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television 1, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mentalsky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by devolving an unconscious bitterness toward white people. (King) King speaks about his daughter, and the racial injustices she had to face,not just him. Racism affects children as well as adults. He uses pathos in the form of his daughter to get an emotional response from the audience. This will make anyone with children, or anyone who was a general care for kids overall upset. Kingstates I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys, if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us good because we wanted to sing our grace together. (King) Dr. King recalls the injustices done by the police system. He speaks of the racist tendencies of the police. King has fought his way to the point where he can speak about the state of his country.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , just like Thoreau, shows characteristics of a true nonconformist and displays civil disobedience. He identified the problem, and sought for change. He uses cultural criticism, pathos, metaphors, and many other figurative language techniques to present his civil disobedience to stand up for what he believes in.
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The Wonder of Transcendentalism
In Economy, Thoreau discusses not only the practical aspects of a man's life but also his spiritual nature. In the passage, ""One day..."" he uses the comparison of the striped snake to remind man's current degradation, while simultaneously allowing hope for an ultimate spiritual awakening. It is fascinating to note that the animal he chooses is a snake, hinting at the form assumed by Satan when he duped Eve in the Book of Genesis. In the Bible, the snake represented man's most massive downfall: the quest for knowledge that led to the creation of modern civilization. In Thoreau's metaphor, the snake seems to portray man's state since his separation from the Garden of Eden ” asleep, languid, and not conscious of the potential to find inspiration and simplicity in Nature.
Thoreau refers to this state as low and primitive, even though it is a result of man's modern society and the work economy of America at the time of Thoreau's writing. Although many would view this society to be refined and advanced, Thoreau sees it as backward: man should entirely work for himself, not for others, and he should spend the time that he is not working in hunt of independent thought and spiritual betterment, not in wasting one's money on the freshest fashions or richness.
A man who has not transcended the materiality of the world is thus considered to be torpid, sluggish and bogged down in conventions. The solution is for such men to experience the spring of springs. Here, he calls attention to the season often thought of as a point of awakening, concerning the flowers that bloom during the spring months. Moreover, the spring represents rising oneself in Nature or, at least, in the solitude and reflection that transcendentalists found in natural settings.
Although Thoreau upholds going one's own way, he draws on these traditional concepts of spring as a time of life. When a man leaves behind his materialism, he wakes to this higher world of self-realization, critical thinking, and spiritual goodness partaken by all humans at their core. Although Thoreau's tone can sometimes be rough and jarring, it is sometimes also artistic, with vivid imagery and prompts at the lessons that man can learn if only he can shake off his satisfaction and view the world from a different perspective, like a snake shedding its old skin for something new.
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Transcendentalism, an American Philosophy
As I sat patiently on the plane, ready for my flight to Colorado to take off, a sudden announcement over the loudspeaker broke the chatter of the passengers.
We regret to inform you that this aircraft is undergoing maintenance. Your flight will be delayed, and we will update you with details as they come. Hopefully we will be taking off soon. Please stay seated for the time being. I sighed loudly, realizing that I would be on the plane for more time than I had expected.
Why should we live with such hurry and waste of life?' said the woman next to me suddenly, We are determined to be starved before we are hungry' (Where I Lived and What I Lived For, 137).
What do you mean? I asked, tilting my head, Did you read that in a fortune cookie or something? The woman laughed.
No, no. I am an adamant transcendentalist. You seem to be upset that we have to wait for the plane to get fixed, but according to that quote by Thoreau, we as people easily become so busy that we lose sight of who we really are. This delayed flight might just be a blessing disguised as a curse, because it forces us all to just exist for a while without being caught up in other things.
That makes sense. I said, thinking over what the woman said, I've never heard of transcendentalism. What about it makes you believe in it so strongly?
Hmm, the woman said, tapping her finger against her lips, that's a very difficult question, as there is so much about it that I stand for. But for me, the idea of individualism is the most important. Emerson said in his writings that 'Society is a joint -- stock company, in which the members agree for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater' (Self Reliance, 3). The woman stared out of the plane window for a moment, clearly in deep thought.
Basically, what Emerson means is that society pushes for its members to conform and follow the opinions of others instead of maintaining his own views on the world. Through his writing, Emerson expresses that although it may be tempting to conform, having your own opinions is important. Non-conformity is key to the idea of individualism, which I believe is essential to transcendentalism.
Wow, that's interesting, I said. So I guess being an individual is really important to transcendentalists, isn't it?
Absolutely! Another thing that Emerson wrote was that There is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide' (Self Reliance, 2). Emerson believes that to be envious of other people is to disregard your own uniqueness and individuality, which goes against his beliefs. He also says that imitation is suicide. By this he means that copying another person is conforming to the thoughts of someone else instead of making your own. If you try to be like other people, you are not embracing yourself for who you are
So he wants people to be themselves?
Yes. It is easy to go along with the crowd, but doing the hard thing and discovering what you as a person really believe is inevitably more satisfying and truer to yourself.
I smiled and nodded at the woman. Glancing down at my watch to check how much time had passed since the announcement, the woman scoffed. I looked at her with confusion.
That's a nice-looking watch. It looks like it must have cost you a lot of money. she said, judging me with her eyes, You know, Thoreau wrote, 'But the man -- not to make any invidious comparisons -- is always sold to the institution that makes him rich. Absolutely speaking, the more money, the less virtue; for money comes between a man and his objects and obtains them from him' (Civil Disobedience, 236).
Actually, this watch is from the dollar store. I said sheepishly.
Oh, good. I was worried there for a second. she said in relief.
Why were you worried? What does Thoreau mean when he says that the wealthier a person is the less virtuous they are? I asked.
I'm so glad that you asked. I interpret in that quote to mean the more money a person has, the more their priorities are challenged. A wealthier person may start to value objects more than something important like their morality. These people's actions could start to reflect their desire to obtain or maintain their wealth. Let me give you an example of how this might work. If a wealthy person opposed the government, they might not vocalize their opinion in fear of losing their material objects. In doing this, they sacrifice their virtue.
That makes more sense, thank you. Is there anything else you think I should know?
Self reliance is such an important part of transcendentalism. As Emerson once wrote, 'Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events. Great men have always done so, and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age, betraying their perception that the Eternal was stirring at their heart, working through their hands, predominating in all their being' (Self Reliance, 2).
Can you explain this quote further? I asked.
Of course, I can. The way I see this quote, Emerson is saying that everyone is gifted with a unique self for a reason, so you should be confident when expressing your opinions. You should have faith that your thoughts have purpose. If you don't have confidence in your opinions, you will never make change in the world because you will always be too scared of being incorrect in your ideas.
As soon as the woman finished her sentence, the sound of the aircraft being powered up reverberated through the plane.
I guess we're going to take off soon, I said. I'm going to watch a movie now, but it was great meeting you. I feel like I learned so much about transcendentalism!
Any time, said the woman with a grin. As the plane took off, I knew that I would never forget the conversation I had with this woman.
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Edgar Allan Poe: the Master of Horror Writing
Edgar Allan Poe, a Master of Suspense was an american writer, poet and critic famous for his poems and tales of horror and mystery. Called by many the father of a detective was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. At the age of two his mother had passed away from a disease called Tuberculosis and his father had already abandoned the family. He was soon taken in as foster child by the Allan family that in which were successful tobacco merchants. By the age of thirteen he started to write poetry and worked constantly improving his writing. In 1826, he attended the University of Virginia and went into debt and started gambling to pay off school loans but ended up in greater debts which lead to him withdrawing out of the university.
In the year of 1830, he joined the United States Military Academy at west point, after realizing that wasn't for him he turned to writing full time. Years later he ended up secretly marrying his thirteen year old cousin, Virginia, which was the made public in 1836. Poe was overcome by grief following the death of his wife, he continued to work suffering from poor health and struggling financially. Working in several newspapers and literary magazines his primary occupation was being a literary critic in which many thought he was harsh. During his lifetime writing he published short stories in his 1840 collection which were unusual and creepy that many thought he had to be strange himself. Poe's career went back and forth leading to his major success hitting The Raven, the poem was known for its uncanniness on October 7, 1849 he was declared dead but his final days remain somewhat of a mystery due to him leaving to Virginia heading to New York and disappearing. A week later he died in a delirium and was found dead in Baltimore with no evidence tracking his death. Edgar Allan Poe's legacy will be forever carried on throughout his mysterious writings.
Edgar Allan Poe was his own enemy and if he was alive today that would be a problem for him. I feel that he would be a part of a big scandal like be an alcoholic or be involved in a drug charge of some kind, he was a greater writer so I don't think he would steal other people's ideas in some way causing problems. The scandal he would be involved in would definitely he drug related due to his wife dying at a young age of tuberculosis, and him struggling economically this is a recipe is disaster he would definitely try to find an escape from problems. He would most likely be known for his drug addictions, and he would be in very poor health condition from all the abusive substance in his system, he would probably come out in the news because if his emotional state, due to his past I can speculate that he would be involved in prior drug charges, felonies, tickets, even be in jail there are endless possibilities. Let's just say he wasn't an addict he would, most likely be a part a big drama of some kind like him bashing other writer's why? Well we know of his self destructive attitude he would constantly be unhappy with himself he would be depressed, mad, and angry all the time. So due to his unhappiness that would make criticize other writers and him getting himself involved in a big drama that would have the literature community going nuts. Because of this he would be involved in social media in some way.
If Edgar Allan Poe used social media today, he would be using facebook and twitter. If he used twitter he would be writing about poetry and write about mysterious short stories. There are a lot of people that love to follow weird people and he would be one of those people. His novels were very mysterious and terrifying it like he doing a show, in a book. If he used facebook he would pretty much do the same exact thing but at the same time we would criticizing other people's work. William Shakespeare would be one of the people would that he would so fraud.
He would steal other writers work and Edgar Allan Poe would make fun of him because he doesn't even think or do his own work. Also on facebook and twitter we support young his father did not support on what he loved the most.His father wanted him to follow his steps, which were to run the tobacco business. He would encourage them to follow their dreams and be writers. Another thing he would follow or support on social media is the tuberculosis page, because his mother and his wife died from this disease. He would be a creepy person to follow on social media but he would entertain his followers. Edgar Allan still to this day we would be one of the most famous writers, an american writer.
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Human Rights in the French Revolution
France, one of the greatest powers of the world, terrified other countries with its reign, but still was unable to control its own people. The citizens of France started to get tired of the mistreatment brought about by their government. The monarchy had been adding significant taxes to the people, overspending and broadening the debt of the country, and making the lives of the French miserable and poverty-stricken. This caused economic and political turmoil throughout the nation and made the citizens want a new form of leadership. The idea to revolt was inspired and ignited by The Third Estate which represented 98% of the population. These individuals were later led by Napoleon Bonaparte to help end the corruption and discontent within France. The unstable conditions brought about by the expenditures of Louis XVI and the reign of terror made the people of France seek a stronger and more secure leader; which resulted in a revolution that changed the country.
King Louis XVI was not a very good ruler and most of the people of that time knew that. He single handedly deprived France of its money and resources. The middle to lower class' living conditions were terrible, and only the upper class lived in comfort. Louis XVI did not have sympathy for the poor, and only favored the Special Class which consisted of nobles, royalty and other people who had a lot of money (The Beginning of the French Revolution, 1789.). This Special Class only consisted of about 2% of the population of France. They were the ones who had the most benefits. The king and the nobles were greedy and refused to help the citizens. They used France's money for their own well being and nobody else. With the money being wrongfully spend the citizens had to find another way of getting money. They tried farming, but the country had been on a drought for over two decades (French Revolution - History). They tried every method possible at that time, to have a successful harvest. Even with every method possible they were unable to produce anything. They were getting extremely inpatient so the citizens with all these problems had nothing else do, but to demand the government for their help.
Even with the whole population in poverty Louis XVI did not do anything to help. People were left with no other choice than to rebel against the government and search for a better and more just life. The king was unwilling to comply with the people's demands, so they decided to fight against the government. It wasn't a simple rebellion; his mistreat made a whole new faction called the Third Stare which was composed of 98% of the population. These 98% of the population decided to rebel against the minority 2% (The Beginning of the French Revolution). With a lot of effort and in less than a year King Louis XVI was guillotined. This didn't had effect they were expecting, the killing of the King backfire and the Reign of Terror Began. In June of 1793, the Jacobins seized control of the National Convention, and established a new government, a new calendar, and the extermination of christianity. (French Revolution - History.) For the next 10 months of the Reign of Terror thousands of revolutionary enemies were guillotined. This caused a lot of hysteria, which was believed to be the end of France. People were scared and didn't wanted a rebellion so much now.
When everyone thought that everything was going to end, and that there was no point in fighting, a leader stepped in and took control of the situation. This leader was named Napoleon Bonaparte. He, with massive effort, was able to put an end the Reign of Terror (Cause of French Revolution: Political, Social and Economic Cause), which was a relief for most of the French population. After he terminated the Reign of Terror Napoleon established the first ever bicameral legislature. Yet this wasn't enough to create a corruption free and fully functional government. Still there was population discontent, financial crisis, and inefficiency. Napoleon saw this and decided to change even more the government. He eradicated the Directory, and was able to name himself and create the first consul (Age of Enlightenment, Impact The French Revolution). With Napoleon as Consul finally the people were at rest and in the late 1890's the revolutions came to an end. With Napoleon, France underwent through many changes. France completely changed their political landscape, centuries of absolute monarchy and feudal system came to an end (French Revolution - History.).
France went through a lot in only one year, and many changes were made. Century old ways of being were changed for the better. With the help of Napoleon the people of France were able to be freed from their poor living conditions, and finally experienced equality. This all happened with the expenditures of King Louis XVI and his Nobles, however it could have been deterred had the king and his Monarchy listened to the citizens of France.. They thought that they could get away with whatever they wanted, but the people were not going to sit back and take the abuse. The commoners united and fought for a better government, and in the end those lives didn't die in vane as France was able to eradicate the anarchy and establish their own government. This was the moment that many citizens were waiting for throughout the years. It finally came with the leadership of Napoleon Bonaparte in the late 1890's. If he had not intervene and reformed France, who knows what would have happened to France. The French Revolutions Inspired many other European countries to rebel for their rights. If had not intervene most of Europe will probably still be a monarchy and millions of people would have never gotten the freedom they deserved.
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Imagery in their Eyes were Watching God
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Freedom and Societal Pressures in Hurston’s Novel
Their Eyes Were Watching God
In Zora Neale Hurston's contemporary novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, she displays the fight between freedom and societal pressures. The author illustrates the struggles black women face growing up in the mid-thirties when discrimination and unequal rights existed. Throughout the novel, Hurston displays to women the importance of gaining self -realization and independence.
Hurston shows women's struggle to gain what they deem important in a controlling marriage. In the novel, Janie notices Joe Starks because he spoke for far horizon. The horizon represents hope for ideas Janie sees as unattainable, such as true love. Janie blames her Nanny for pinching the horizon so small it could choke her. Janie believes her chances at living happily in an equal partnership have been stripped away from her, leaving her to spend the rest of her years in submission. Hurston uses the horizon to show her audience that in order for self- actualization to occur, one must have the freedom to figure out what they need from life. Self- realization allows people to reflect on what they value most and gain the independence to achieve it. While gazing at a pear tree's beauty, Janie concludes this is marriage. She connects sexual desire with a successful marriage. Janie felt no passion for her first husband, and thus she considered it a failure.
Throughout the novel, she uses sexual attraction as an indicator of whether she has reached the horizon. Hurston uses the pear tree as an image of love to show women forced into marriage end up restrained from exercising their rights, such as having sexual desires. Without freedom, females do not gain the independence needed to grasp what they value in relationships and life. Janie's second husband, Joe forces her to hide her hair because it exists for him to look at. He uses Janie's appearance as a way to keep her under his control. After Joe's death, she decides to take down her hair, symbolizing her new found independence. The author uses the image of her hair to emphasize the suppression of females in relationships that do not allow for self-reliance. Hurston emphasizes that without securing independence, women will live a life of obedience and thus not have power over their future.
Through the use of emotional manipulation and confinement, Hurston emphasizes women's struggle for independence. During Janier's marriage to Logan, he described her place in marriage as wherever Ah need yuh. Logan restrains Janier's freedoms and confines her capabilities to only what potential he sees in her. Hurston demonstrates that confinement of one's abilities will keep them in permanent submission. She uses this to emphasize the physical and emotional power men yield over women, depriving females the independence needed to explore opportunities. Towards the end of Janier's second marriage, Joe started to comment on her aging appearance. Janie saw he was hurting inside, so she decided to endure his rude remarks. Hurston uses Janier's passiveness to show her audience how emotional manipulation can restrict a person from sharing their thoughts. Only when a person freely expresses themselves can they change their situation for the better. Hurston emphasizes that women must realize their self worth in order to reach their full potential and have an influence on society. After a fight, Janie reveals shed rather be dead than have Joe think she would hurt him. Hurston shows the loss of Janier's principles and the heavy influence on women to put their husband's feelings first. Hurston stresses the struggle for women to capture power in a manipulative and controlling relationship. The author highlights that independence and self-realization compose the keys to satisfaction with one's life choices. Throughout the novel, Hurston uses manipulation and restriction of freedoms to show women's struggle to gain self-actualization and fulfillment.
Hurston compares the character's relationships in order to show the continuous effects of oppression in women. In Janier's first marriage, Logan complains about her work ethic saying, You think youse white folks. Logan forces Janie to do physical labor and does not allow her to speak back to him. Hurston uses the character Logan to show discrimination of black women: Logan stereotypes black females as more labor tolerant individuals. Hurston emphasizes that black women are less respected and considered ill-mannered if they disagree. The author shows a lack of independence allows for the discrimination and suppression of people. In Janier's second marriage, the longest one, her husband believes somebody got to think for women. Janier's husband does not allow her to converse and keeps her working in the store.
Hurston uses the second marriage to show the repetition of oppression in women. She emphasizes that because men continuously consider women inferior and ignorant, women struggle to have an influence on changes in a male-dominated society. Hurston highlights the need for self-actualization and independence in order to reach a state of equality. In contrast, Janier's marriage to Tea Cake allowed her to gain independence and arrive at the horizon. Tea Cake remains thankful for Janie because she came along and made something outta him. Tea Cake allows Janie to voice her opinions, make decisions, and experience real affection. She found love in a marriage that allowed her to exist as her own person and reflect on her past. Hurston compares this marriage to the previous two in order to show the effects of gaining independence and control. Hurston emphasizes that women must have self-actualization in order to end oppression and establish equality among men and women.
In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston displays women's struggles for independence. Hurston describes the life of Janie Crawford, who struggles through three marriages and oppression. The author emphasizes the need for women to self reflect and fight for what they value. Hurston uses the marriages and characters to show how oppression prevents women from exercising their freedoms and gaining equality. She shows that self-actualization allows for women to take control of their future and acquire a sense of fulfillment with their life choices. Hurston wrote the novel in order to show women the importance of having self-actualization and independence.
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Freedom And Societal Pressures In Hurston's Novel. (2019, Jun 14).
Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
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How Race and Gender Affect on Identity
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How Race And Gender Affect On Identity. (2019, Jun 14).
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A Problem of World Hunger
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A Problem Of World Hunger. (2019, Jun 14).
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World Hunger and Global Environment in Haiti
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World Hunger And Global Environment In Haiti. (2019, Jun 14).
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My Impressions from Pride and Prejudice Book
Pride and Prejudice is set in Longbourn, England during the Napoleonic Wars, between 1797 and 1813. This is important because it gives you an idea of how life was like back then, and that it was normal for girls to marry young and for parents to set their daughters up with an older man.
A wealthy man named Charles Bingley moves in nearby. His moving in strikes the attention of the Bennet family, who wishes to marry off their daughters. After many dances, Mr. Bingley is taken with Jane. Mr. Bingley introduces his friend Mr. Darcy to Elizabeth, who finds she is not pleased with Darcyr's attitude, and swears to never dance with him. Jane then travels to Mr. Bingleyr's house and catches a cold, and Elizabeth goes to take care of her, where she finds out that Mr. Darcy has taken a liking to her. Bingley and Darcy move back to London unexpectedly. Jane and Elizabeth visit several times, and Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, to which she declines. A while later, Bingley and Darcy return, and they propose to Jane and Elizabeth, and the two accept and get married.
The story is written in third-person omniscient, so the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of each character. The narrator helps describe how Bingley and Darcy feel about their love interests, which adds to the story and makes it more exciting.
The protagonist is Elizabeth Bennet, the most witted and intelligent Bennet sister. She is clever and honest, but often finds herself making too harsh of judgment. Jane Bennet is described as the most beautiful Bennet sister and has a gentle spirit. Charles Bingley is a wealthy man who is very reserved, genuine, and kind. Fitzwilliam Darcy, however, is very much the opposite, and is seen as very prideful and snobby. The antagonist is George Wickham, who gets in the way of Darcy and Elizabeth. He is extremely charming and quickly caught the attention of Elizabeth, who he lied to about Darcy to make her think poorly of him, but in the end helps Elizabeth come to her senses about Darcy.
Three symbols in the story are marriage, dance, and freedom. Marriage is a symbol throughout the book, because it seems as if everyone is looking for love throughout the story. Every girl is focused on getting married and finding their true love. Dance is a symbol in the story because the balls are where very many important things happened, and dancing symbolizes how they find their love. Freedom is symbolized by them trying to get out on their own to find a significant other and go their own way through life.
The theme of the book is love, and the relationships between Jane and Bingley and Elizabeth and Darcy. Though they might have to overcome many obstacles, in the end, love finds a way.
I would recommend this book, because itr's a very good story and itr's very entertaining. However, itr's difficult to follow along with.
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What is a Standardized Test?
Standardized tests are not the best indicators of intelligence for all students. Increasing numbers of studies are indicating that standardized testing does not properly assess the true knowledge of students. In fact, even honors students have been known to be held back because of poor Standardized testing results. They place minimal feedback to classroom teachers. In addition, standardized tests place additional stresses on teachers who are commonly evaluated on their students' results. Teachers are less able to adapt to the learner differences of their students. These teachers are not incentivized to prepare their students for future excellence in a subject, but are motivated to make sure their students perform well on one test. Finally, they create a grade-responsive mindset. With a grade-responsive mindset, students are more inclined to cheat to perform well. Students who are non-standard thinkers, which is more recognized every year, are penalized, ostracized and often held back regardless of their success in the classrooms, due to these poor standardized test results. Such stresses completely oppose American values about individuality and self worth. Standardized testing does not accurately assess every students knowledge, it places avoidable stress and limitations on teachers, and it places undue stress on students who feel very pressured to score well. Standardized tests are not accurate when measuring the knowledge of students.
When you are calculating the knowledge of students, these test scores are unreliable because they only evaluate the skill and performance of a student during the time the student is taking the test. This is unfair to a student that tries their best during the whole course of a class just to get a non-satisfactory score on a standardized test because they feel rushed or pressured. There may be students who are going through personal issues away from school which may affect their test-taking abilities. The usage of standardized tests allows students who may be going through distractions to be severely punished for something possibly out of their control. Other students are unable to realize the importance of these tests and the impact they may have on their futures and do not try their best, which results in inaccurate test results and below average grades for these uninspired test takers. Students who receive grades that are below average for them are not the only problem, either. Standardized testing allows for students who may have not been the most knowledgeable about one of their classes or courses to receive a grade that inaccurately represents them as a higher-level student, when in reality they got lucky on a test. While this system may be rewarding to these lower-level student in these instances, it also has the potential to discredit and belittle higher-level students who may have received unsatisfactory test scores. This potential for inaccuracy removes a large amount of credibility from standardized testing results and discredits the current system we have in place today. These standardized tests fail to take into account any previous effort or work a student has put into a class, whether they excelled or struggled.
Teachers of the students partaking in standardized tests may possibly be even more affected by the tests than the test-takers are. This is due to the fact that teachers are evaluated and judged by the scores their students receive on these standardized tests. This creates an immense amount of pressure for teachers to deal with and heavily limits their teaching abilities. Because teachers are evaluated by their students' scores, they're further incentivized to teach according to what will be on the test. This incentive for teachers does harm to the learning environment of students in multiple ways. One way this harms students is that teachers have no reason to prepare their students for future success in a subject. This makes teachers constantly go over the necessities for receiving a good grade on a standardized test, while not preparing their students for the subject for future years. This can cause students to miss out on essential information to their course if it's not going to be present on a standardized test. Another byproduct of this incentive is that these students' future teachers will have to teach them the information they missed out on, giving them less time to prepare them for another inevitable standardized test.
Standardized tests also act as a guide for teachers throughout the year, which also has a negative effect on their teaching ability. The second way this harms students is that since teachers are supposed to teach in a way that prepares students for the standardized test, this can prevent teachers from having any uniqueness or individuality with their teaching. This also limits how they teach. Teachers may have the urge to teach their class certain methods or tricks to help them with their academics, but can be limited by the guidelines and instructions of preparations for the standardized test. This, again, attacks the individuality and originality of teachers, making the learning experience of students much more dull and hard to grasp. This strict adherence to the test preparations teachers face can prevent teachers from adhering to individual students' needs and preferences when being taught. Since not all students benefit from the same methods of teaching, this adherence teachers face benefits some students and harms others, which is unfair to those harmed students. The evaluation of teachers based on their students' results in their standardized tests alters the methods in which they would normally teach.
Due to the fact that students know they're being judged heavily on one test, a grade-responsive mindset is formed in them. Students know that none of their previous work in a course affects their grades on their test, so this can create a sense of panic and stress. Many students turn to alternatives, a popular one being cheating. Students not feeling confident in their test-taking abilities may end up attempting to cheat on a standardized test. This, again, shows the inaccuracy of the system and proves the unreliability. Another result of this academic dishonesty is that students will not be prepared for future courses having not learned anything, and they will continue their pattern of cheating, causing these scores to become more and more inaccurate. Students who may not feel the need to turn to cheating, though, may spend countless hours studying and stressing over one test. The stress and anxiety caused from this exhaustion may even cause their test grades to be lower than they should be. This, once again, displays and explains exactly why the scores of these standardized tests are unreliable and should not be considered important. Students who work hard and still receive low test scores, possibly due to the alterations of teaching style and method, may develop low self-esteem. This disbelief in one's self (caused after just one instance of a bad test) can permanently damage their ability to learn and take tests. Someone who put in an extreme amount of effort and came out of the test with a bad grade may never again have the confidence to work and study hard for a class. This formation of a grade-responsive mindset in students (and partially teachers) again represents the inaccuracy of these tests and the possibility of long-term effects in test takers.
The practice of standardized testing is outdated and impractical. Due to the inaccuracy and pressure applied to students and teachers from these standardized tests, the educational system needs to find a better method of evaluating their students and teachers.
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What is a Standardized Test?. (2019, Jun 14).
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Howard Gardner: Standardized Testing Controversy
Finding a reliable method to measure intelligence and predict how successful a person may seem to be one of the most controversial issues on the table of most administrations and regulators. The standard technique for measuring intelligence was developed by a man named Alfred Binet, who believed that IQ scores were reliable indicators to determine a human's intelligence, according to Jacob Lee. Howard Gardner, a brilliant strategist, and educator, opposed the opinion of IQ testing, by providing examples of how in-effective IQ test are and providing a theory on multiple intelligences. Although standardized testing is the popular, traditional form of measuring and evaluating intelligence; multiple intelligence testing has emerged and schools are trying to implement these 8 platforms into the curriculum.
Standardized testing is a popular form of testing, because in school curriculum, it's based on a student's intelligence. According to Jacob Lee, Howard Gardner believes IQ tests predict school performance with considerable accuracy which can be absolutely true. Standardized testing determines if a student will pass certain grade levels, not necessarily in life or in many other situations, and Gardner also talks about how the student with the lower IQ is vastly more successful in business then the student who scored higher. In a curriculum, teachers are required to give a certain amount of quizzes, test, and daily grades in a grading period. Throughout the period, the student's grade reflects their intelligence, and how successful they can be; However, Howard Gardner disagrees with that due to the students who becomes more successful with average scores according to Jacob Lee. This leads to Gardner believing that there were multiple intelligence that students posed.
Howard Gardner believed that there were multiple intelligences which existed and manifested itself in a person's mind through exposure. According to Lee Jacobs, Howard Gardner believed that, each intelligence is activated or triggered by certain kinds of internally or externally presented information. He also said there were supposedly eight intelligences; which are Musical, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Logical-Mathematical, Linguistic, Spatial, Inter-personal, Intra-personal, and Naturalistic intelligence. Musical intelligence is a type of intelligence where a student is exposed to music and are able to play and understand music better than other at a faster pace. These can often be called child prodigies, and people with this intelligence include Ray Charles, and Louis Armstrong. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence is when a student knows their body and is very active. These are the dancers, basketball players, football players, and so forth. Logical-Mathematical intelligence are students who are able to do problem solving quicker than many others. According to Jacob Lee, Howard Gardner believes this intelligence has, the archetype of raw intelligence or the problem solving faculty that purportedly cuts across domains. These people are usually mathematicians, scientist, or to be more precise, Albert Einstein, and Stephen Hawking. Linguistic intelligence are students who are good with language and grammar, and these are authors, bloggers, or poets. Spatial intelligence are students who can create mental pictures of objects or their surrounding environment. These tend to be your artist, captains (sea travel), and photographers. Inter-personal intelligences is how people are able to understand and communicate with people like, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr. Intra-personal intelligence is an intelligence where people can understand themselves and their feelings. This can include people like Helen Keller, or any other ordinary people. Lastly, Naturalistic intelligence are when people are sensitive to nature or their environment. People with this intelligence are geologist, meteorologist, etc... These are all of Gardner's known intelligences, but there are also advantages to multiple intelligences then having standardize testing.
Schools are thinking about ways to implement the eight platforms into schools. In this situation, it can be seen as difficult, because the curriculum is shaped into a mostly logical-mathematical way. With having core classes like Math, English, Science, and History, students can find some classes un-necessary due to the likelihood of using the knowledge in future jobs or other opportunities. For example, Femin Leal conducted a survey to see if schools were preparing them for college. He said that many believe that their schools aren't helping them develop the skills they'll need to succeed after graduation. In this case, if school curriculum didn't force students to take certain classes, then implementing the 8 platforms could possibly help students understand their skill sets and possible opportunities that await them. According to Jacob Lee, Greeks in the time of Plato and Aristotle seen to have understood much of what Gardner says. and that they included music and dance, for example, in the curriculum of their schools. He also goes on to state how they were able to develop linguistic and interpersonal skills which can be seen as a positive side for the students. If schools could somehow see though with Howard Gardner's ideas, maybe the students will be more prepared for other forms of schooling due to the benefits of the eight platforms are implemented in school curriculum.
Howard Gardner makes multiple, interesting points regarding the Multiple Intelligence's. Binet's IQ testing are seen as un-necessary by many, because it only predicts how successful students will do in schools, not in life. Multiple intelligence programs can be formed in the curriculum; which can enhance a student's skill set and even discover new skills. I have personally seen this developed within my school, because Mansfield High has programs like band, and choir for Musical intelligent kids, and also basketball cheerleading, football, etc. for those with Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligences. There are more extra-curricular activities being held for different intelligences, but it hints out how much of Howard Gardner's ideas may have been an influence on school curriculum. Lastly, if a student believes that their school isn't preparing them for college, or not enhancing their skills they poses, then create a petition that will challenge the school board to have multiple intelligence programs. It could possibly open the eyes to many students, and have a positive influence as it has for me.
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Howard Gardner: Standardized Testing Controversy. (2019, Jun 14).
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