Month: June 2019
A Profile on Bruce Westerman
Bruce Westerman is currently running for his third term in the US House of Representatives for the state of Arkansas. Previously an engineer for Mid-South Engineering in Hot Springs, Arkansas, Westerman now serves on the Committee on the Budget. He is also currently Chair of the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee for the Committee of Natural Resources.1 Though some would accuse Westerman of attacking groups that don't support him, he seems to be genuinely concerned about how those groups go about doing the jobs they are supposed to. From what information I have gathered about Westerman, he seems to be passionate about getting his job done as best he can, and is realistic about challenges he is faced with. I think this makes him an atypical member of Congress because people in positions of great power tend to lose sight of realistic occurrences.
Bruce Westerman represents the fourth district of Arkansas. The fourth district is located in the Southwestern portion of Arkansas and includes towns such as Hot Springs, Texarkana, and El Dorado. Much of the district seems to be suburban with the larger area of this district in comparison with the others in the state of Arkansas. The population of this district is primarily white, with a mean household income of $54,779.3 The area covered by this district also seems to pride itself on its rich history and natural landscapes.
In the 2016 elections, Bruce Westerman ran against Libertarian Kerry Hicks and won with seventy-five percent of the popular vote. I would say that he has a pretty safe seat even though he will be running against both the Democrats and Libertarians, along with three individuals, in the 2018 election because he has gained popularity ever since he joined the political spectrum. The Democratic party candidate running against Westerman is Hayden Shamel, who has previously been a teacher for both high schools and colleges. The Libertarian candidate running against Westerman is Tom Canada, who seems to have started getting into politics just last year.
Bruce Westerman has voted with his party in almost every issue he has voted for and has only missed a handful of votes in total over his several years in the US House of Representatives.6 In these terms, I would say he is quite loyal to his party. In regards to Agriculture and Food votes, different issue groups rated him on opposite ends of the spectrum with half rating him very high, and the other half rating him low.7 There are no interest groups that rated him more than twenty-five percent on his Animals and Wildlife policies. Almost all of the polled interest groups rated him quite high on his Business and Consumers policies. None of the interest groups rated him above twenty-five percent on his Environmental policies. His tax policies are generally rated high, though some interest groups dip farther than others.
For the 2018 election cycle, Bruce Westerman has raised $1,561,039, spent $947,195, and has $958,377 remaining on hand.8 His largest source of funding so far this year is from the Forestry and Forest Products industry which has donated $196,591. There is no funding data given for three of the candidates, but Hayden Shamel has raised $140,096, and one of the independent candidates, Lee McQueen, has raised $1,121.9 The top industries that help fund Westerman are the Forestry and Forest Products, Oil and Gas, Retired, Health Professionals, and Air Transport industries. There is a relevant correlation between the funding received from the Forestry and Forest Products industry, and his recent attempts to pass the Resilient Federal Forests Act. After doing this research on Westerman, I think I would vote for him. He seems to be a man that still regards his job mostly as a public service to the citizens of his district.
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A Profile on Bruce Westerman. (2019, Jun 24).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/page/10/
Are Tote Bags Really Good for the Environment?
In my Paper I will be talking about this piece of trash I found very interesting to observe and take notes. The object is a medium size tote like bag with dents and rips from the front part of the object to the sides of the object. This object has one hole in the left bottom area of it and to the far back left it's ripped apart as well as the far right corner. The object is all black, shades of jet black as well in the middle of the bag where it spells the letters M,C,M. There is what looks like some type of Greek art symbol under the letters MCM. It has these pair of what looks like leaves but not what a typical leaf looks like shape, there spread out in both directions like similar to wings. There is this object in the middle between the wing shaped leaves , it's similar to a ring. Under the ring and leave like wing there is almost similar M shaped structure supporting the whole structure. This object also has a draw string hanging from one left hole looping to the other right hole.
The material from the object looks like black cardboard but a very luxury, expensive type. The object I am describing is a shopping bag. This specific shopping bag holds items worth thousands, so it wouldn't be considered a regular shopping bag where we just throw away. These type of luxury shopping bags are made from fabrics including silk, cotton, and linen etc. These type of fabrics make those buying the product with these bags have such value rather than it just being a regular bag you get to hold your items then throw away Based off my empirical data the bag seems to be able to be reused, and is of a higher quality make or design than any other shopping bag that I have seen, For example are made from a silkworm,it forms a cocoon and is broken filaments processed into yarn (www.Greenopedia.com). The shopping bag is made of canvas, natural fibre like a thick paper bag. This bag is often used again after buying your luxury item, it is used as a bag you use to put anything in, gym clothes, a pair of sneakers, anything.
Anthropologically looking at the production of shopping bags and how they are now more than just a shopping bag now companies such as Bloomingdale's now actually made their typical shopping bag an actual bag which resembles the iconic shopping. It has a leather- latex material and leather handles, as well as the brand Balenciaga, they have shopping bags starting at $1,ooo. This shopping bag's brand is called MCM (Michael Cromer Munchen). It was named after the creator of the designer. MCM was established originally in Munich, Germany 1976 (www.theguardian.com). However, the original creator was investigated for tax evasion. Mcm was bought by Swiss investment. Sung-Joo Kim owned the license for MCM and later the brand name was changed to Mode Creation Munich (Businessoffashion.com).
Societies are usually understood as even more enmeshed within cultural media than ourselves. Rather our stance is one that takes society to be always a cultural project in which we come to be ourselves in our humanity through the medium of things. This fear, at least in its earlier Marxist form, was not, however, a fear of material objects per se but of the commodity as vehicle for capitalist dominance, and this raises a key issue as to whether and when societies might be able to resist this particular form of object domination. ( A Black sweet drink from Trinidad, Daniel Miller). In America people became so entangled and brainwashed into fashion that these fashion brands how so much control over people's lives, some people would starve just to wear the latest fashion.This also relates to how the wealthy business owners are able to keep power.
Referring back to the company Bloomingdales, they seen their Big Brown Bag was growing more out of a shopping bag into an actually stylish everyday wear bag that they decided to turn it into an actual bag. He shows us how people make meaning for themselves under circumstances they do not control, how the emergence of new forms of commerce, new patterns of migration, and new systems of social control lead people to fashion new survival strategies and create their own new forms of social identity, social alliance, and social affiliation (The grounded transnationalism of Robert Alvarez, George Lipsitz). I personally feel as though big brand companies should come to be more holistic in terms of their thinking for their brand or product and more importantly the consumers. Stop robbing people of their money, I say this because these companies are exploiting people to buy their goods by any means necessary. It could be a clothing that kills as long as its selling off the selves they could care less about the repercussions. I believe companies should care for the customers as well and have more meaningful product rather than a very expensive product that does little to nothing for the consumer but break their pockets.
The shopping bag is a very sourceful item it is reusable that is the best advantage it has. The bag I analyzed was most likely used to store personal things in the bag. As in the picture shown below the bag has items in them while still identified as garbage. Personally when I go to luxury store nad make big purchases and I get a sense of pride to be walking around with a luxury shopping bag even when it has nothing pertaining to that brand or just have dirty socks or your next meal in the bag i've noticed people still tend to stare just because of the logo embedded on the shopping bag. I am saying all of this to generalization the broad perspective of merchandise and how it affects society.
As I further analyzed the trash I noticed the additional trash in the shopping bag so it was trash inside of trash. The shopping bag became non reusable and useless once it became damaged and ripped slightly apart. The additional items in the now trash shopping bag was an old tote lid with dirty stains on it and an surgical purple glove over the top right corner of the tote lid. It's next to an actual garbage can so I make under the assumption that this is actual trash. There were empty soda and water bottles in the shopping bag along with a black shoe box now this shoe box was slightly noticeable to be considered garbage it had a few rips of the paper from the shoe box on both sides. I also get rid of useless shopping bags as soon as I see a hole or rip because I think of fit as pointless to have lying around in my house if it's destroyed, it it now considered trash at that point.
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Are Tote Bags Really Good for the Environment?. (2019, Jun 24).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/page/10/
The Psychological Profile of Abigail William
Taking a look inside a person's brain processes will explain areas of the brain the person has used in making his or her decisions. Taking those factors into consideration will either validate or invalidate one's actions. In Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, Abigail William is known as a vengeful and manipulative liar to the reader. During the play, there are few psychological factors made known about the accusers and the accused. People in town did not question the girls' intentions, but those who did take the dancing in the woods, the girls' fears, and the vengeful side of Abigail William into account. Abigail William's actions are influenced by her nature, developing adolescent brain, and the repressive society she lives in that created the hysterical mentality, and if receives the proper medical treatment and therapy, she may be able to live a fulfilling life.
From the very beginning, the nature surrounding Abigail Williams initiates reasons for her actions. More accurately, the nature feeds Abigail Williams all the greater reasons to act the way she is, as her lies grow. When the townspeople show enthusiasm towards the lies, the more Abigail is encouraged by their reaction. She is so encouraged by the enthusiasm, that in the process of being in the hysterical mindset somewhere in the process, she loses self-awareness of what she is doing. Abigail forming the group of girls who share her fear of punishments begins to think and act the same. By being in a group, not only eases the girls' mind from their fear, but also ensures that even if they are discovered of their lies they will not be facing punishments alone. All the girls act as if they are one person that shares the same mind as shown in the court staring full front as though hypnotized and mimicking the exact tone of Mary Warren's cry (107). By imitating Mary Warren's words and actions, the girls are able to convince the judges in court that there is indeed an evil spirit flying around town that is telling them of their evil deeds.
Through nature, Abigail Williams faced sociological factors that surround Salem's religious views and Court. The people especially pride themselves of their religion and their religious views. Since the town is created based upon their religion, and because people in town grew up in such confinement to those guidelines, that guides their actions, they forget their unique characteristics. So when the topic of witchcraft is brought up into town, it sets in among all classes when the balance began to turn towards to a greater individual freedom (6) someone like Abigail William who disrupts their peace and wants to seek out her true desires. Such adamantly rigid society of course implies that any form of individuality will be considered subversive and dangerous (Bonnet). No one in town prepares themselves for a rebellion because everyone believes that no one could have bloomed from anything if there is no seed to bloom rebels to begin with. Abigail begins the state of bedlam in town, so when people are accused of witchcraft people believe it because it did not matter to them whether the people are innocent or not, they just want to purge any form of sin and possibility of individuality. People lose their senses of morality when facing such scenario. Abigail is aware of this weakness and that is why she keeps going with her lies until other people come to the awaken of their morality sense. Playing in a safe environment in which the children felt free to express themselves without fear of negative repercussions (Burman, Sondra, and Paul-Allen-Meares) is not offered to the girls or kids in Salem. The girls fear the punishments so their actions are guided by their fear. Mary Warren knew the power Abigail holds over the court, so when John Proctor continuously encourage her she reacts by staring in horror: I cannot! (109). Throughout the court scene, Mary Warren thought that to survive the whole trial she needs to follow the person who held the most power, that is Abigail, and so she succumbs herself to her fear.
Making the most contribution to Abigail William's actions, is her adolescent brain. Her brain explains the cause to her irrational and impulsive thinking. The reason that starts all this chaos is her decision to outweigh the rewards for making accusations than the possible consequences for lying. Given the power to lie, Abigail takes the opportunity right away without a second thought, as the adolescent mind has yet to comprehend all the brain's area that specialize in planning. Abigail has indirectly admitted envy is deadly sin, Mary (106) as though that confession is more for herself rather than to Mary. She is driven by her greed for John Proctor. People in the grip of unfulfilled needs or desires and therefore emotionally fraught (Evans xvii), Abigail is filled with desires for someone who she knows she should not be involved with, but for that reason it draws her in to the mess. The whole trial gave her the sensation of excitement that intrigues her to continue her act. Like teens typically outweigh the reward to an action over future consequence. To her, the nineteen lives meant nothing if she achieves what she wanted achieve since the beginning. However her unhappy needs will become a net that will enmesh them all (Evans xviii). The end result of the play portrays that because of her selfish desires nothing was achieved and instead the worst possible outcome came true which force Abigail to flee town for a better chance of escaping death punishment.
The repressive society, that is Salem, is credited to Abigail's greed for power and wants. Starting with the fact that females in Salem are not given the permission to have a say or action to anything at all. For the women, such as Abigail, witchcraft may be a way of asserting their will and their power in a system centered on and dominated by men (Bonnet). Historians have found that the majority of those who profess to witchcraft are women. This shows that women only profess to such practice is because they seek for power in any way or form they can. Through the confession of witchcraft and the trial, Abigail felt a sense of power and control for the first time. Not only did Abigail feel the power and control, she had but a sense of freedom where she is allowed to express her emotions openly. All these feelings are foreign to her because before the trial Abigail was just another servant with no say or control about anything at all.
A strict society like Salem does not allow individuals to have the privilege of individuality because the people in town fear that when an individual shows independent characteristic, they are opposing the peace in town. A a very closely knit society, consequently, prone to a certain amount of intolerance towards any form of opposition or dissent (Bonnet). Recalling the dancing in the woods, the people look upon such action as a sign of rebellion from the girls. When the topic of a murdering witch among us, bound to keep herself in the dark (15) brought up in town, it creates the feeling of betrayal because in a place like Salem individual, who dares to repress their intentions in a Society where secrets are not allowed, is considered a 'criminal'. The secrecy makes the people paranoid, which eventually causes the hysterical mentality. The townspeople feel as if they cannot trust anyone's words. They choose to go along with the hysteria because they are given the opportunity to express what they have been repressing and the ability to act out on their true greed. The trial is as if a breath of fresh air, pungent of the greed and evil intentions the people, had stored up. It also acts as a mask that covers up the people's evil goods. A man cannot organize his social life without repressions, and the balance has yet to be struck between order and freedom (7). A person's social life needs the balance between order and freedom. Order to guide proper function, but at the same time freedom to freely express oneself.
Comparing Abigail William to a real life example of a victim who goes through post-traumatic stress disorder, the comparison shows sign of similar symptoms which explains most of Abigail William's actions to why she acts the she does in the play. A person with post-traumatic stress disorder would have the same recurring memory of the event that causes the trauma. Abigail has confront to the girls that she saw Indians smash [her] dear parents' heads on the pillow next to [hers] ( 19) goes to show the reader how often she thinks about such event and the effects it has on her. The lost of her parents led her to be deprives of affection and intimate relations. When a child witnesses his or her parent's death, he or she will finds it difficult to trust a person he or she meets. If discourages by a guardian of any social interaction the child will faces future consequences of the lack of social life. So when Abigail opens up to John Proctor, the relationship they form is the closest thing Abigail has to the feeling of being need. John Proctor to Abigail is the light of [her eye] (22). She looks John Proctor as someone she can depends and be presents when she needs him. Abigail exclaiming that [she] look for John Proctor that took [her] from [her] sleep and put knowledge in [her] heart! (22). Abigail misses the kind of person, John is to her, a person who would not lie and confine her of her individual qualities. This creates Abigail's reasons to go against the court and spourt lies about their people because she simply believes that Salem is at fault for the reasons why John leaves her. When a child of post-traumatic stress disorder is denied of something, his or her first reaction would involve violence towards the people around them. Abigail's way for coping with John leaving, is to take revenge against the people in town.
Had Abigail received proper therapy treatments as a child, she would not have reason to come up with her lies and have an unstable mindset. For a child who has post-traumatic stress disorder, the child would be required to go through cognitive-behavioral techniques such as role modeling, observational learning of appropriate behaviors (especially self- control and handling anger) by behavior rehearsal in groups, and social skills training in peer groups were incorporated into the treatment (Burman, Sondra, and Paula Allen-Meares). Unfortunately for Abigail William, none of what is listed seem to be present for her. She especially lacks a role model. Her uncle, Reverend Parris, plants fear of what would happen if the words got out about her dancing in the words naked, but the reason for him to say such things are because he fears when the words do get out his reputation would be ruined. From the very beginning, Abigail was never taught or exposed to positive and appropriate behaviors that would have help her reflects on her actions.
By taking the nature perspective, developing brain and repressive society that Abigail William lives in, allow readers to form an opinion whether her actions can be validate or invalidate by taking all those factors into consideration. It is unfortunate to learn that Abigail was not offered help by those who knows about her past and for that reason she can not be the best person she can be. Before judging a person's action, one must take everything about the person into perspective and then determine whether the person's action can be reasonably explain.
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The Psychological Profile of Abigail William. (2019, Jun 24).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/page/10/
A High School Diploma
Currently in society there is very little an adult can do without a high school diploma making it no longer optional but a necessity. A high school diploma is the key that unlocks the door to someone's pursuit of higher education, the credentials in a highly competitive job market economy and long-term career opportunities. Promise Academy is equipped to provide a comprehensive educational experience resulting in a high school diploma for at risk students. Promise Academy is a premier dropout prevention educational institution dedicated to addressing the barriers to graduation through a comprehensive approach for students in grades six through twelve. Promise has developed a program that will provide individualized support to help students in danger of dropping out of school graduate on time and ready to fulfill your college and career goals.
Located in Duval County, the First Coast region of northeast Florida, Promise is a comprehensive four-year public high school serving students who are two or more years behind academically, regardless of reading and math skill levels. The current enrollment stands at 1,250 students in grades 6“12. The school opened in the fall of 2011 and graduated its first senior class in the spring of 2012. The school sits in the neighborhood known as the Northside. Located in one of the older areas of Duval County, the community enjoys a diversified economic base. The student body is culturally diverse with a population that is fifty-seven percent African American, sixteen percent white, thirteen percent Hispanic, eleven percent Multi-Racial and one percent Asian. Promise Academy is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
The administrative team, faculty and staff at Promise Academy are highly qualified as defined by the Florida Department of Education and excited about the opportunity to serve students and their needs. All visitors are encouraged to take a glimpse at all of the amazing initiatives geared towards making every student successful in the classroom and beyond graduation. The administrative team consists of one principal and three assistant principals each with a minimum of three years administrative experience. The faculty of forty-five teachers representing all core content areas of instruction, special education, foreign language and electives. Ninety percent of the faculty hold a Master's degree in their field of instruction. In addition, the school employs an instructional coach for reading, mathematics and special education to support the continued development of the instructional staff. The students are also supported by the work of three school counselors, two deans of students and seven security officers.
Reflecting the districts mission to provide educational excellence in every school, in every classroom, for every student, every day, the core courses of language arts, math, science, and social studies are aligned to the Florida Standards. Dual Enrollment courses are offered in all of the core disciplines. All classrooms enjoy access to instructional technology that includes student laptops, interactive monitors used to complement traditional methods of instruction throughout the curriculum. World language courses include French and Spanish to satisfy the college admissions criteria for most colleges and universities. A wide variety of elective courses are offered in business, music, art, theater, physical education, engineering, social studies, language arts, and family and consumer sciences. Some of the elective courses offered in business allow for the opportunity of certifications in Career and Technical Education (CTE). The academic program is organized on a rotating block schedule. Students attend four block classes daily; each block class meets every other day. Students successfully completing coursework may earn a maximum of four credits each semester for a total of eight credits in a school year. Students are provided individualized attention and support to ensure completion of coursework so students are not left behind and finish high school on time. Supports include rigorous face-to-face instruction with a focus on ACT/SAT preparation for college and career readiness. Student advocates and mentors provide academic and emotional support through motivation, individual and group counseling, tutoring, positive behavior supports and interventions. When needed students are supported with attendance challenges by providing transportation assistance when public school bus transportation is not available.
The school administers the following National and State assessments to aid teachers and counselors in diagnosing individual strengths and weaknesses in order to provide more effective instruction. The Preliminary Scholastic Aptitude Test (PSAT) is administered to all students in grades seven, nine, ten and eleven. Florida Standards Assessment (FSA) is administered each year in English Language Arts (ELA) and Algebra I to students in all grades six through ten and select eleventh and twelfth grades students still needing to pass the grade ten in order to satisfy graduation requirements. End of Course (EOC) Assessments are administered to students in Civics, Algebra 1, US History, Biology and Geometry as part of their final grade. In order to graduate students must show proficiency in Algebra 1. Due to the nontraditional nature of Promise Academy, the school is not awarded a school grade. The school has elected to receive an improvement rating. Schools are permitted to receive an improvement rating if the school that provides dropout prevention and academic intervention services. Improvement ratings of Commendable, Maintaining or Declining depending upon the overall improvement of students in Reading and Mathematics. For the 2017-18 school year, Promise Academy received a rating of Maintaining. A rating of Maintaining is awarded when a school when twenty-six to forty-nine percent of student make improvements in reading and mathematics. Over the last three years, Promise Academy has demonstrated consistent improvement moving from twenty-seven percent improvement in 2015-2016 school year to the current measure of forty-five percent improvement in 2017-2018 school year.
Promise Academy believes parents are a key component to the educational success of students. Parents are a valuable resource in developing the most effective educational plan for each student. The school recognizes the need to work with parents and families to accomplish the school goals of academic achievement and personal growth for each student. Parents will be encouraged to attend and provide input at monthly School Advisory Council meetings. This allows all parents to have a voice in goals, school improvement initiatives, and concerns. Parents also will be given a copy of the student's test scores through reports that will go home with their student. The school will provide parents an explanation of the interventions teachers are using to assist the child in reaching achievement goals. Parents will be provided an explanation of grading procedures. Promise Academy strives to promote a positive, welcoming and safe school environment for all students, parents, and community members with timely open honest communication.
Duval County Public Schools Division of Family and Community Engagement provides guidance and direction for partnerships between the school and local businesses and organizations. Participating businesses and organizations range from for-profit to non-profit, one-person businesses, faith-based and large corporate organizations. Currently, Promise has community partnerships with Communities In Schools (CIS) and I'm A Star Foundation. CIS uses a case management model to provide services to at-risk students to help them achieve the following improved attendance, academic improvement and decrease behavioral obstacles. I'm A Star Foundation provides mentorship, career exploration and internships for students to facilitate the creation of goals for life after graduation. These organizations also assist the school with parent involvement activities in addition to after-school programs. Each partnership is designed to serve both student needs and the mission of the partner business or organization.
Launched in 2011, Promise Academy was opened and tasked with responsibility to identify and recruit students who were in danger of dropping out of Duval County Public Schools and provide them with services to enable them to earn a high school diploma or demonstrate college readiness. The consequences of not receiving a high school diploma are increasingly serious for both students and society as a whole. Research results seem to indicate that most school and community based programs are effective in decreasing school dropout rates. As the only public dropout prevention school in Duval County, Promise Academy, has been instrumental in decreasing the school district's dropout rate resulting in a graduation rate of over 80%; the highest mark ever received by the District.
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A High School Diploma. (2019, Jun 24).
Retrieved November 4, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/page/10/
Urban Design Profiles
Abstract
How is an urban designer defined? Recently the role of the urban designer has become distinguished from the architect or planner as urban design has taken a very important role in public space. The approach of the urban designer has thus changed to think holistically, where the focus has shifted to creating public spaces that increase the capacity to support equitable and well-designed environments. The comparison and contrast between two design professionals will help to better understand the role of the urban designer: Le Corbusier, who is a more traditional urban designer, and Katherine Darnstadt a non-traditional urban designer who is practicing in Chicago Illinois. We will specifically look at the comparison of their design approach, how the designer intends their project for public use, and also how their work has impacted society. The study of these two designers will begin to re-frame the role of the urban designer.
Katherine Darnstadt
Katherine Darnstadt is a young practicing architect in Chicago Illionis who has begun to re-define urban design. She has taken a very humble approach to the design of public space in an effort to support equitable spaces for communities. The American Institute of Architects called Darnstadt ""a shining example of the next generation's citizen-architect"" (Fixsen, 2015). She is the current and managing principal of Latent Design, a small architecture practice that was conceived in the wake of the 2008 great recession. Katherine, who had just been laid off, a newly wed, and also pregnant, thought that having a small architecture firm would keep her afloat through the economic down turn, of which it did (Fixsen, 2015). She has now been recognized by the AIA from the Young architect of the year award in 2014 and has also been distinguished on the 40 under 40 list in the Chicago Business Journal. Her firm works at the intersection of design and community development in order to create social, economic and environmental impact (Latent, 2017).
Katherine Darnstadt has begun to re-define the role of the urban designer and there contribution to society. Her firm utilizes the skills of architects, product designers, graphic designers, and also construction managers becoming a collective group working toward the better design of cities. She stated in an interview with architectural record ""Design can validate initiatives and ideas. And it can highlight where policies and systems are failing, we design for gaps"" (Fixsen, 2015). Katherine believes that architecture can extend beyond buildings and that the true design of our urban environments is the space between here or there (Darnstadt, 2014). She sees the scrapes left-over in the urban environment by in-effective systems are the most crucial part of communities, in which these spaces become a the common thread. She also believes that by making design visible we can begin to change the perception of our communities. Stated in her TED X talk; Design in the foil of our cities and it reflects the latent condition of our environments (Darnstadt, 2014). She goes on to include that when designing spaces we must understand the context before we can move forward (Darnstadt, 2014). By understand the inequities within the space we can begin to make informed decisions about the design. Additionally design then becomes a verb or action, in which new systems of architecture can reverse the inequities the existing framework or systems.
The work created by Katherine Darnstadt and her associates at latent design epitomize urban design, as they work to reinvigorate underutilized public spaces and combat the prevalent issues of our society and communities. One project that exemplifies these ideals and that is literally designed between the gaps is the Boombox. The Boombox takes on the typology of a micro-store that looks to make accessible storefront space for small businesses that is also cost effective (Rodkin, 2018). This allows smaller businesses to sell their products in prime storefront locations that were previously seen as inaccessible based on economic feasibility. The reason that the Boombox is able to bridge this gap is based on its sized and flexibility to accommodate multiple vendors and locations. It utilizes the structure of a storage container to create a climate controlled volume which increases ease of transportation (Rodkin, 2018). Furthermore the micro-store creates economic diversity because the space it's utilized by smaller businesses, which in turn also creates stability within the Chicago economic market (Rodkin, 2018). The new urban design typology created by Katherine and her teams has challenged the conventional store typology, creating an equitable solution for small business growth and diversity in Chicago.
Project Boombox is a small portion of the continuing project called Activate Chicago. Activate Chicago is an ongoing program, in partnership with Latent design and the Chicago department of transportation, to create events with the city of Chicago to increase community and economic engagement in underutilized public space (Activate). The majority of the public sites have ended up in the possession of the Chicago department of transportation when streets were added to the grid and other were closed and most spaces receive little to no activity (Byrne 2017). Project activate usually introduces events as design completions that target these un-used public space in an attempt to beautify or solve existing community problems. In 2012 the competition yielded a vertical play structure and garden that integrated into a part of larger housing development garden (Latent, 2017). Another competition in 2014 created a temporary installation in the community of Pilsen, set forth by Jameson Skaife and Eric Koffler the design unitlized seating elements in a larger mural (latent, 2017). The initiative set by Katherine and hers associates in an attempt to create community engagement through activation of city space is key example of why she is a perfect example of an urban designer.
Le Corbusier
Le Corbusier who's original name was Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, is characterized usually as an architect, urban planner, and artist. He was one of the most influential designers of architecture and urban design in the modernist period. His conception of the raumplan and architectural manifesto have completely changed the way buildings are designed and constructed today (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 14-15). His works ranging from Villa Savoye to Unite Habitation have been extensively studied and have also influenced the minds of many decades of designers. Additionally his master planning of urban cities pushed the boundaries of innovation in his attempts to design the future and increase the quality of life for people in urban spaces. Le Corbusier's principals of urban design encouraged the quality life, especially for the working class, this can be seen in his voisin plan of paris or in Unite Habitation (Scully, 1969 pp 167-168).
Le Corbusier's fundamental ideas towards urban designer include the decongestion of the downtown or center of cities, the increase densification of living, the increased capacity of circulation and the increased area of landscaped spaces (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). His principals and urban planning proposals also challenged the classism structure of urban cities and instead tried to adopt a system that was based on family size (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). These designer principals are most evident is the Corbusier's plan of 3 million people in 1922, in which the urban design of an ideal city is expressed (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). Corbusier was headed to a new ideal city that reduced the cluster of tightly packed urban fabric and instead opened the organization to alleviate the confines from the urban fabric. His urban design introduced ideas of biophilia and encouraged the dissociation of the automobile before this was popular. High density living eradicated urban sprawl and reduced commuting distances to and from the city.
One of Le Corbusier's famous urban designer proposals was that of the Radiant City or la Ville Radieuse. The designed was very forward thinking for 1935 in which he proposed that all the building in his plan be lifted off the ground to allow for one hundred percent of the ground area to be utilized by the public (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332). His radiant city strove to create a complete disconnect with the pedestrian the automobile in to increase human health and safety. Additionally the density of living unites or unite's and skyscrapers would be increased and the compact density of streets and corridors would be widen to allow for external green space for recreation and non-congested circulation (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332).
I figure printed in 1935 shows the density of the Radiant city in comparison to New York, Paris and Buenos Aires, all of which completely succumb to the openness of the Corbusier's plan (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332). Large scale models were produced in order for people really understand the gravity of the proposal.
The principals and ideas of the radiant city soon took on reality when in 1952 Corbusier began to design and plan the city of Chandigarh in India. The small city, was planned as a horizontal city, with the majority of its main buildings made of concrete and unitizing a brise soleil along the elevations to combat the hot and humid summers (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 197). The plan of the Chandigarh created much open space to allow for further expansion of the city as Corbusier anticipated the event of sprawl, due to the automobile and India's inadequate transportation infrastructure (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 197). The most monumental piece of design within Chandigarh is that of the esplanade which connects parliament to high court (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 229). This corridor give the formalistic gesture of the design principals used in the creation of Chandigarh; the modulor, the harmonic spiral, the daily path, the jeu di soleil, the open hand, etc. (Boesiger & Girsberger, 1999, pp. 229). This traditional and formalistic gesturers give the unknown preseption of urban design.
Identification of Correlating and Dissimilar Ideals
Le Corbusier and Katherine Darnstadt are both very similar urban designers in the sense that they both respond to the delinquencies of society through design. Their responses are very different and are determinate of time period and stylistic approach. For instance in the 1930s when the radiant city was conceived the idea of large skyscrapers blocking out the sun was a concern to many urban dwellers. Hence the reason why Corbusier's design of increased dwelling density and widen circulation corridors. However Corbusier was also looking ahead to other issue of urban cities including the circulation of the automobile, urban sprawl and access to public green space, all of which are main problems that our society faces today. Much of Corbusier's work has been a response to these concerns; Katherine's work is also a response to economic and social inequality in our current society. The Boombox is a response to an inequity of public space use and also an economy that doesn't support small business. Katherine approach to allocating flexible micro-stores for small business creates a more diverse economy and utilizes otherwise unused public space.
The approach used by Le Corbusier and Katherine Darnstadt in response to society is much different from a stylistic perspective. Corbusier is very formalistic in his design, as shown in the design of Chandigarh, India we can see how his abstraction of principals superimposed onto the esplanade is his way of communicating his response. Katherine, on the other hand has a very functional and also humble approach to design. In her ted talk, she stated that have a building to call her own design was not important, rather she is more interested in the impact that her design has made. Between both urban designers however you can see functional design; we can see this in Corbusier principals of universal design and his extensive use of concrete. Katherine's use of recycled materials like storage containers as a means of structure for the Boombox gives a functional approach to here design.
Corbusier and Katherine are both interested in creating positive change through innovative design. Both designers have created new typologies of urban design to radically change and promote positive health in urban dwellings. For Kathrine it is seen as being a societal equity of urban space while, Corbusier's was looking to create new ideas for urban principals for cities through his urban planning proposals.
Katherine and Corbusier are both generalized as architects because of their professional practice. Corbusier is seen a more traditional designer, because of his design approach and traditional practice within architecture firms. However Katherine is seen more as a non-traditional urban designer because of her involvement with new building typologies and humble approach to design.
References
Activate! Chicago. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.activate-chi.org/
Boesiger, W., & Girsberger, H. (1999). Le Corbusier 1910-65. Basel: Birkh user.
Byrne, J. (2017, March 03). Emanuel's 'people plazas' program struggling to achieve liftoff.
Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-rahm-emanuel-people-plazas-met-20170226-story.html
Darnstadt, K. (2014, December 12). Interstitial Systems. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aj1PcU4GhNU (posted by TED)
Fixsen, A. (2017, March 03). Katherine Darnstadt. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/12321-katherine-darnstadt?v=preview
Latent Design Corporation. (2017). Latent Design. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.latentdesign.net/
Rodkin, D. (2018, June 07). How one architect is helping neighborhood startups open their first shops. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20180607/ISSUE01/180609908/architect-darnstadt-turns-shipping-containers-into-micro-stores
Scully, V. J. (1969). American architecture and urbanism. New York: Trinity University Press. doi:70-76793"
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UK Country Profile
Physical Geography
1. Official Name of the Country: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2. Climate: temperate, mild, southwest winds over North Atlantic Coast, overcast, varied soils, 33.7 inches of precipitation (rain/snow) over 133 days, oaks, elm, ash, beech, woods, fens, marsh areas, moorland, heather, grasses, cliffs, mountains
3. Map: 55.3781° N, 3.4360° W, consult the map for physical features and other nations refer to the map 93,628 square miles Political Geography
4. Type of Government, Name of Government Officials, and Political Parties: parliamentary constitutional monarchy, Prime Minister Theresa May (centre-right), Leader of the Opposition Jeremy Corbyn (centre-left), Conservative and Unionist Party, Labour Party, Co-operative Party
5. Capital: London
6. International Organization Affiliations: European Union, United Nations, International Telecommunication Union, International Atomic Energy Agency, Australia Group, Interpol
7. Size of Armed Forces: over 152,350 strong personnel with a budget of around $58 billion annually Cultural Geography
8. Official Language, Other Languages Spoken, Ethnic Composition, and Major Religions: *English*, Welsh, Polish, Urdu, and, Bengali, composed of White, Welsh, Arab, Indian, and Chinese, Christianity, Protestant, Baptist, Hinduism, and Islam
9. Population, Population Growth Rate, and Population Distribution: 66.57 million, 0.6% growth rate, and White 92.12%, Asian/Asian British 4.39%, Black 1.95%, Other 1.15%
10. Major Cities: London, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Newcastle
11. Infant Mortality Rates and Life Expectancy: 4.3 deaths for every 1000 live births, 79.2 years for men and 82.9 years for women
12. Teachers and Doctors Per Population: 6.83 Teachers out of every 1000 people and 2.8 Physicians/Doctors out of every 1000 people (9.63 Teachers/Doctors per Population) Economic Geography
13. GDP (total and per Capita): $2.809 trillion, $42,261
14. Percent of Arable Land Used for Agriculture: 71%
15. Natural Resources: coal, petroleum, gold, iron ore, natural gas, gypsum, silica sand
16. Major Agricultural and Industrial Products: potatoes, cereals, fish, vegetables, machine tools, metals, paper, electronic equipment, motor parts/vehicles, aircraft
17. Major Exports and Imports: refined petroleum products, natural gas, crude oil, manufactured goods, chemicals, tobacco, machinery, fuels, beverages, foodstuffs
18. Currency and Current Exchange Rate: Pound Sterling, 1 Pound equals 1.27 US Dollar
19. Balance of Trade: -4.2 billion dollars
a. Total Import: $72.2 billion
b. Total Export: $68 billion
20. Historical Events ( https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18028620): 1981 - Prince Charles marries Lady Diana.
Margaret Thatcher becomes prime minister and introduces free-market policies 1982 - The Falklands War occurs, where Argentina attempts to overpower British forces to gain control over the region. A task force of the UK re-takes the land. 1983 - Struggling economy with a high unemployment rate, riots in Northern Ireland continue concerning the constitutional status of the country. 1984 - Attempted assassination of Thatcher by the Irish Republic Army with a bomb blast, minister escapes untouched while several others are killed and injured 1988 - Flight Pan Am 103 explodes in mid-air over Scotland and plunges onto Lockerbie, with 259 casualties on board and an additional 11 at ground level. 1991 - The United Kingdom joins the United States in the Gulf War to liberate Kuwait from Iraq occupation. 1993 - Downing Street declaration from Northern Ireland, which is a peace proposal stating Northern Ireland would transfer to the Republic of Ireland from the UK only if their population voted in favor of this change 1996 - Announcement made by the government concerning BSE, or “mad cow disease” and how it can be transmitted to humans. Beef industry falls, with lots of animal slaughter, market collapse, export bans, and farmers struggle. 1997 - Princess Diana dies in a car crash. Britain gives control of Hong Kong to China.
Tony Blair wins the election for Prime Minister with a landslide victory. 1999 - UK forces enter an air war against the nations Yugoslavia and Kosovo 2001- in January, Libyan intelligence agent Abdelbaset al-Megrahi is found guilty of bombing the Pan Am Flight 103 of 1988, which crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland, killing a total of 270 civilians. 2003 - The Iraq War occurs, with the UK taking part alongside the United States to ensure no weapons of mass destruction are held in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad 2005 - Four Islamist suicide bomb attacks on London's public transportation units, with 52 casualties and about 700 found injured from the attack. Only two weeks later, more potential suicide bombers are discovered before they are able to detonate four devices on the same transport system.
2007 - Northern Ireland is sworn into the United Kingdom officially and Gordon Brown replaces Tony Blair as the Leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister. 2008 - The Great Recession strikes with the government taking over the three leading banks and facilitating them with 37 billion pounds. It also drives billions in the financial system following the record market declining after being plagued by the universal “credit crunch”. 2009 - Britain calls back the majority of its remaining troops in southern Iraq, leaving only a small training force asked to help shape the Iraqi soldiers. 2011 - Prince William marries Catherine Middleton. Britain plays a leading role in the global arbitration in the Libyan Civil War. 2012 - United Kingdom hosts the 2012 Summer Paralympics and Olympics.
2014 - Scotland votes to leave the United Kingdom for independence and loses as 55% of voters are in favor of remaining in the UK. 2016 - Voters in referendum opt to leave the European Union and leads to a political crisis. Theresa Mays becomes Prime Minister. 2017 - Attacks on Manchester and London by Islamic terrorist groups leave a total of 300 people dead. The Parliament is divided between the idea of Brexit after voting held by Theresa May to give her power to have authority to commence the UK’s exit of the European Union. 2018 - Poisoning of former British spy Sergei Skripal and daughter Yulia is blamed on the Kremlin as the controversy arises. Two key ministers resigned to protest the government’s proposal for a shared trade area with the EU.
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Cape Town Profile
1. Demographic trends
1.1 Population
The South African nation comes from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds and has 11 official languages. This diverse population is characterised by eight distinct factors, namely race (population group), culture, ethnicity, language, religion, class, education and politics. The South African population in 2015 was estimated at 54 956 900 people, of whom approximately 51% (some 28, 07 million) were female. The Western Cape population in 2015 was estimated at 6 200 100, which constituted 11, 3% of the country's total population, having declined slightly since 2014 when it constituted 11, 4% of the total South African population. The female population in the province is slightly higher, comprising 50, 73% of the total population. The Western Cape's population is predominantly urban, mainly as Cape Town's population makes up a significant portion of the provincial population.
1.2 Households
The total number of households in Cape Town grew from 653 085 in 1996 to 1 068 572 in 2011, which represents an increase of 63, 6%. There seems to be a trend towards smaller household units across all population groups. In 1996, the average household in Cape Town had three, 92 members, which dropped to three, 50 in 2011. Fertility, mean age at marriage, and divorce are the three main demographic determinants influencing household size. Households become less extended, more nuclear and smaller as societies industrialize and urbanize. The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) studied the factors responsible for the reduction in household sizes throughout South Africa. Their analysis revealed that a mixture of interrelated legal, economic and social processes have contributed towards this trend since 1994. These involve greater legal protection and social acceptance of youth and women claiming rights to housing, the emergence of a powerful youth culture driving modern aspirations, the increasing effects of high unemployment, and women's earning power eroding patriarchal values and changing the nature of the institution of marriage.
Cape Town's average household size is below that of developing countries (five members) and is moving closer to that of many developed countries (two to three members). This is already the case in certain population groups, particularly the white and black African groups (with the former averaging at around 2, 5 and the latter at 3, 25 in 2011).
Even though the trend of smaller household sizes may have be seen as positive, it does pose certain challenges to Cape Town, as to other South African metros and developing-country cities. These include the increased demand for housing supply to accommodate the trend, with the consequent increase in housing prices; increased competition for scarce urban land for new housing developments, and the breakdown of the extended family, which is often considered as powerful social support network.
The demographic trend for South Africa and the Western Cape indicates an ageing population across all population groups. This pattern is also evident in Cape Town. The amount of children (0 to 14 years) in Cape Town decreased from 29, 10% in 2002 to 26, and 18% in 2015. In the same period, the percentage of the population who are economically active (15 to 64 years) increased from 66, 58% to 67, 73%, while the aged population (65 years and above) grew from 4, 31% to 6, 09%. However, the total age dependency ratio for Cape Town decreased during this period from 0, 50 to 0, and 48. According to the UN classification, Cape Town's population has moved towards the upper end of a mature or middle-aged population. A population is considered mature or middle age if 4 to 7% of the population are aged 65 and above. Of the economically active (15 to 64 years), 53, 30% were absorbed into the economy in 2015. Even though this increased from 2009, when the labour absorption rate was 52, 50%, it has still not improved to the 2008 level of 54, 20%. This showed that Cape Town's economy is not growing fast enough to support the increasing economically active population. However, it also displays the impact of the economic recession from late 2008 to the end of 2009 on the economy, and a degree of recovery since then.
2. Health trends
South Africa's health profile reflects the historical challenges associated with its economic and geographical inequalities. South Africans experience an increasing number of non-communicable diseases associated with age and lifestyle, while communicable diseases (mainly the (HIV) and (TB)) also remain paramount concerns. Life expectancy at birth in South Africa increased from 61,2 years in 2012, to 62,2 years in 2013, to 62,9 years in 2015, which represents an annual rate of increase of 0,57 years. At this rate, the National Development Plan (NDP) vision of 70 years for life expectancy by 2030 is very likely to have be achieved. The Western Cape has the highest life expectancy at birth (68 years), which is very close to achieving the NDP 2030 vision.
2.1 Infant mortality rate in Cape Town
The infant mortality rate is a key indicator of health and development in a society. It is associated with a broad range of social, economic and environmental factors, which are also indicative of the health status of the broader population.
The IMR in South Africa significantly reduced from 2009 (39, 0) up to 2012 (27, 0), but had increased slightly by 2014 (28, 0), although it was still significantly lower than in 2009. This downward trend is also seen in Cape Town, where there was a clear trend towards a decrease in the IMR in the Cape metro between 2003 and 2012, dropping from 25,2 to 16,4 (per 1 000 live births) (refer table 1).
Table 1: Cape Town infant mortality rate (IMR) trends (per 1 000 live births), 2003 to 2012
2.2 Child deaths
Diseases that are readily preventable or treatable cause most child deaths. Globally, infectious diseases and newborn complications are responsible for the vast majority of deaths below the age of five. South Africa did not meet its MDG target of reducing deaths per 1 000 live births to 20 by 2015 (based on projections), it has however significantly improved its child health and under-5 mortality rate. The latter dropped by an annual average of 10, 3% between 2006 and 2011 (the fourth fastest rate of decline globally).
This decline was largely attributed to the programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, improved immunisation rates to protect children against vaccine-preventable diseases such as diarrhoea and pneumonia, and vitamin A supplementation, which has decreased vitamin A deficiencies. South Africa is one of only a few countries that have introduced rotavirus and pneumococcus vaccines to reduce the incidence of, and death due to, diarrhoea and pneumonia in children.
The main causes of child deaths during 2010 in Cape Town (figure 1) include diarrhoea (13%), other illnesses (11%), pneumonia (10%) and injuries (10%). The data for the causes of child deaths in Cape Town were previously generated by the Medical Research Council (MRC). However, the National Department of Home Affairs has introduced certain law amendments, which now forbid access to medical certificates, except for Stats SA. Therefore, the MRC was unable to generate data that are more recent. Stats SA's report on mortality and causes of death only presents a national overview of the causes of death for the under-5 group.
2.3 Tuberculosis
There was a general increase in TB cases and incidence from 1997 to 2014 in Cape Town. From 2010 to 2014, however, a downward trend started to emerge. This downward trend is consistent with global and national TB trends. In Cape Town, data reveal that the number of HIV-positive TB cases, which previously increased, is now falling. Substantial improvements in TB outcomes had been achieved in the past number of years.
In spite of these improvements, however, the following factors continue to fuel the TB epidemic in Cape Town:
- Poverty
- Urbanisation, with resultant overcrowding
- Damp, poorly ventilated houses/ shacks
- High HIV prevalence
- Clients presenting or being infected partners in serodiscordant
- Couples. However, maintaining an increasingly large number of people on lifelong ART does pose certain challenges, with available staff and infrastructure struggling to cope.
- identified late in the course of
- Strategies that address the HIV
- the disease (having potentially infected many others before treatment starts)
- Some clients never starting treatment, or interrupting treatment (defaulters)
- Substance abuse
- Smoking
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Black Church Culture and Community Action
According to The beginning Years of Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church article, there were a variety of churches that were not for black citizens to attend, but it is seen throughout history some churches started to be established by black folk(beginning 1). How did the establishment of the Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church influence areas such as the Hill district and the Northside? How did the Presbyterian Church help the community such as the Hill District as well? These are questions being presented because, throughout the Article, it is noticeable how much the black church helped the black community. Throughout this paper, it will be explained as to how the black church helped the black community.
These Grace Memorial Presbyterian churches helped influence the community by giving the community a place to praise when they had no other place to go and worship. These churches gave them a space to clear their minds and feel safe and at peace. The black churches helped by doing social events. The social events helped attract more people into the church community as well as connect different churches. Black churches such as Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church influenced black communities to be active and engage with other black citizens within their communities. Churches were involved in so many events back in the 1700s to 1970. Many of the black churches were involved in many issues black citizens had back then, in the attempt to overcome many of the issues.
Churches held black communities at unity with different programs and clubs for children as well as adults. The programs the black churches created helped with getting more people into the church. The churches can teach that not everything that happens cruelly and violently does not always be to result in violence. The Unity the black community held was a great cause of the black churches causing black citizens to never give up.
African-Americans were not invited to churches by whites, therefore African-Americans started to abandon the white Presbyterian churches to create their own churches. The Presbyterian Church had Groups such as Young people-junior high, senior high, young adults, Men's Activities club, Women's National Loyal League, Co-Workers Club, Young Women's Progressive Club, and Swift Memorial Missionary Society(beginning 5). These Groups Gave the African-American citizens the chance to actively engage with one another. There were several women's groups, and each woman could belong to more than one (beginning 6). This gave the women the opportunity to meet new women and connect with them. This also gave them the chance to hear others opinions and how they feel building a better understanding of one another, therefore creating a congregation of powerful women.
The Women's National Loyal League was a congregation of women during the Cold War supporting the Union War effort which abolished slavery(Women's 1). The women helped the Union troops by shipping foods, clothes, and helping in the United States Sanitary Commission(Womens' 1). These actions gave the women a small political role in society, so the women started to urge the emancipation of African American (Women 1). These actions would cause things such as the freedom of African American slaves. The things the women did can also cause women to gain over time a strong role in the American society. This also brings a small sense of unity between some white and African American citizens.
Boy Scouts was created with the scoutmaster being Mr.Lynne Hoye and Youth Choir directed by Mrs.Nan Currington( Beginning 6). These programs for the youth could help keep them from the cruel racial events and problems that African-Americans encountered. The Boy Scouts could help with teaching and disciplining young African-American children and young men how to be a proper young man and how to act in everyday life. The Youth Choir can help with getting more people to potentially believe in God if they felt the presence of the Lord influencing people to join the church. Black Churches worked with Allegany County Certified teachers in Sunday school(Beginning 5). With teachers working at the Sunday schools, this gave them a chance to teach many children about their savior. Since the Sunday school teacher was certified teachers they can also help with teaching children academics as well as help them with work.
A woman from Grace Church by the name of Mrs.Alma Illery created a health center in Pittsburgh. The healthcare center was a private, nonprofit community-based health care center9(primary 1). The medical center has nine medical buildings, seven healthcare for the homeless, four for dental services, and 1 for family services for mostly lower-income families 9 (primary 1). This gave black people the opportunity to get medical attention when needed. These centers also provide a center for low-income black families to be supported. There were equal opportunities that were given to homeless citizens to get dental care and medical care. These centers would bring the black community to a unified position. The role of the Grace Memorial Presbyterian Church became a more dependable source for the African American citizens in the U.S.
The article did not talk a lot about the Hill District but based on the reading it is assumed that the Presbyterian churches gave the chance to African-Americans in the Hill District area, a place to worship. The churches also gave the youth and adults the opportunity to join the many programs the churches offered. The Presbyterian Church also gave the Hill District a way to connect with all of the other churches.
Black Churches such as the Presbyterian Church were the glue to the African-American Society. Throughout African-American history, Black Churches such as the Presbyterian Church was involved in a lot of the historical events often helping the black community grow as one big family. These churches brought the black congregation to get an understanding of one another along with what racial problems they were dealing with and how to deal with them. The African-American churches caused the black citizens to never give up and always see the light no matter how bad things got furthermore, to never act violently. Presbyterian Churches highly influenced the black communities.
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Power Corruption in Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad tells the tale of numerous lives influenced by the desire of power, and the lust of wealth. Marlow is a sailor who ends up far away from home, away from the restrictions society places on an individual. Marlowr's journey takes him through the jungle, in which the only thing controlling your every move is your own restraints. Without control and governing rules Marlow finds that madness prevails at the core of society, in both the heart of the jungle and the civilized European cities. Through Marlowr's discovery of madness in humanity he progressively becomes more deranged by the ominous being of Kurtz, Marlowr's newfound understanding of social status, Kurtzr's madness, and his new outlook on society.
Kurtzr's haunting character is Marlowr's motivation to reach the inner station, and his work is his distraction. Marlowr's trip down the Congo river to the inner station is filled with numerous obscure encounters with nature and man. The closer Marlow gets to the inner station, or in other words the heart of darkness, the more frequent he hears paw- strokes and calls from the wild. The closer to the heart of darkness, the madder you become. Marlow overhears conversations and stories of Kurtz, and how this all powerful man is seen as a god among the natives. Kurtzr's only desire is to obtain as much ivory as he can, and he does not care at what cost it takes for this to happen. Marlow progressively becomes more paranoid the farther from civilization he gets.
Marlowr's journey down the river entails many oddities, one of which, is the groups of savages he encounters. Marlow discovers just how closely related he and the savages are. During this time period very few European men had respect for savages, but Marlow comes to realize that he even has respect for these savages as humans. Kurtzr's lust for wealth and power is portrayed as the darkness fully engrossing his sense of what is morally acceptable. Kurtzr's desires take over his every being, and his need for ivory his internal drive. This can be judged reasonably because Kurtz discovered who he really was apart from everyone else, even though he turned into a raging lunatic. Kurtz could identify who he was compared to the rest of society, which is more than most people can say for themselves. Could this really be considered so mad?
Kurtz is his own judge of character, or in other words his own discerning eye. Kurtzr's last words: the horror! the horror! can be seen as his last judgement of humankind, and how poorly as a society we have evolved. Kutzr's apparent madenning behavior can be considered normal compared to the rest of humankindr's behavior because Kurtz sees society for what it truly is. Maybe Kurtz is sane and the rest of society is insane. The Europeanr's are clueless as to how much more savage they are compared to the natives of Africa. The white men are far more lost and clueless of life than the savages who dance around a campfire and scavenge for food. Marlow and Kurtz have always lived in a mad and irrational world, they just lacked the discerning eye to see past the veil that covers it.
Upon Marlowr's return to Europe he has a new outlook on society. Back in the society of frauds, Marlow does not upset the natural order of life. Marlow chooses not to waste his time and try to explain how Europer's society is mad compared to the savages, and not the other way around. Conrad had a discerning eye, and that is why he was able to write this novel without being biased towards one civilization. Conrad chose Marlow as the narrator with the hope that by the end of the novel its readers would also see society with a discerning eye.
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad tells the story of the white manr's need for power. Through Marlowr's discovery of madness in humanity he progressively becomes more deranged by the ominous being of Kurtz, Marlowr's newfound understanding of social status, Kurtzr's madness, and his new outlook on society. Throughout Conradr's novel Marlow learns that not everyone can see through a discerning eye, and it takes a special individual to see the world in this way. Before Marlow and Kurtz traveled to the Congo, they lived in a mad world, they just couldnt see it because they lacked a discerning eye. The question posed at the end of the novel is left to the reader to decide whether or not someone with a discerning should try and pass it to the rest of us. If you could see humankind through a discerning eye, would you try and teach others?z
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The Role of Women in Heart of Darkness
In Joseph Conradr's Heart of Darkness, despite the disparaging comments made about women, numerous feminine figures in the story display or exercise a more notable amount of power than the male characters. Joseph Conradr's, Heart of Darkness, discusses social issues such as racism, sexism, and corruption. The power possessed by the female characters closely relates to how paramount these women are in the development of the story and plot. Initially, Marlow commences by referring to female characters found in the story as girls and does not call them women. Those who oppose could not find any importance behind this. With this in mind, Marlowr's comments demonstrates an automatic response from the male sex to view women as infantile or miniscule. Furthermore, a vast number of females are interchangeable as the female stand- in. Some readers refer to this as Conrad demeaning those women and making them seem as secondary character. Marlow speaks Girl! What! Did I mention a girl? Oh, she is out of it”completely. They”the women I mean”are out of it”should be out of it (Conrad 108). Those women are being diminished and their role of power is being stripped from them, not only in Joseph Conradr's Heart of Darkness, but the world in which they lived in at the time. During the Victorian Period, women did not live as well as their male counterparts. Women during this time lived in the shadow of their men. In most cases, they were thought of as weaker, fragile, or slower. Furthermore, the Victorian Period was vastly what would be referred to as a patriarchal society. Patri- derives from the Latin word pater-, meaning father. Patriarchy is a social system in which a male-dominated power structure takes place. For instance, women did not obtain the right to vote, that not happening until years later. Women were not allowed to own property, but men could possess as much as he longed for. To sum up, it is a system in which men have more power than women, men have some level of privilege to which women are not entitled.
Ironically, power never works in a way we think it does. For example, The Victorian Period was a social culture. People relied extravagant parties, wealth, and social status. Men were mainly responsible for getting things done and lots of women married to high-ranking, influential men. Therefore, these doing demonstrated that although women were seen as minute, they had held most power. As previously stated, women are portrayed as secondary characters in Heart of Darkness. However, those women who seemed to at first have little to no power, represent more than initially thought when further analyzing the female character.
To begin, Marlowr's aunt is introduced. Marlow begins to speak and displays sentiment about women through his attitude toward his aunt by saying Itr's queer how out of touch with truth women are. They live in a world of their own. (Conrad ) the aunt holds a significant amount of power. It is because of that women that Marlow is headed towards Africa. With that being said, Marlow later reveals how he obtained his employment as a steamboat pilot. He reveals that he tried the women and set the women to work to get a job (Conrad). Marlowr's aunt shows much enthusiasm towards her nephew and would love to give him a hand. Marlow is indifferent and would only respect his aunt if she can obtain employment for him. Therefore, with her power, his aunt was able to successfully get him a job. Not Marlow, but his aunt, a female, pulled it off better than he could ever and she is the only reason he had a job in the first place.
To continue, the knitting women that appear in Heart of Darkness also are imperative to the plot. Marlow arrives at the Companyr's office where he comes face to face with two other women, who knitted black wool feverishly (Conrad). Additionally, Marlow describes the old women,She seemed to know all about them and about me, too. An eerie feeling came over me. She seemed uncanny and fateful (Conrad). The women only appear briefly but hold a symbolic meaning. The knitting women correspond to the Moirae the ancient Greek personifications of fate. These powerful women spin, measure, and cut the thread of life. The Fates, who were in the Companyr's office, were measuring Marlowr's life as he embarked on the journey. The Fates are immortal beings who have the ability to see every manr's fate, thus making them very powerful.
Moreover, Kurtzr's African mistress plays a vital role in Heart of Darkness. Marlow beautifully described the women, She walked with measured steps, draped in striped and fringed cloths, treading the earth proudly, with a slight jingle and flash of barbarous ornaments.She carried her head high; her hair was done in the shape of a helmet; she had brass leggings to the knee, brass wire gauntlets to the elbow, a crimson spot on her tawny cheek, innumerable necklaces of glass beads on her neck (Conrad). From Marlowr's description of his African mistress, anyone can point out the powerful presences that she holds. She seems to have influence on Kurtz and has him hooked. Itr's ironic to think of the menr's way of thinking during this time, when they would refer to women as less. Men would never admit it, but men need women in more ways than one, and that could also work the other way around and women could need men. Nevertheless, from the detailed description given about the Kurtz mistress, a reader can easily point how much of a trance he is in while admiring her beauty. More often than not, that is all it takes to lure in men, is beauty and they will be in a trance and infatuated. That is where women hold power over the man and could get him to do anything. Notably, the Russian sailor recounts to Marlow how she got in one day and kicked up a row about I wasnt decent... I fancy Kurtz felt too ill that day to care, or there would have been mischief (Conrad). From this textual evidence, it can be inferred that the mistress has power over her man and gets things done her way.
Moreover, the final notable female character in Heart of Darkness is the Intended. The Intended was Kurtzr's fiance. Kurtzr's fiance waited for Kurtz in Belgium while Kurtz was in the Congo gathering ivory. Marlow later visits her more than a year after Kurtzr's death. Marlow describes their encounter by stating that She had a mature capacity for fidelity, for belief, for suffering (Conrad). His fiance seems to still be in mourning.
Additionally, the Intended represents a symbol for colonialism. For example, she is utterly infatuated with Kurtz and only remembers the Kurtz that she knew not the one who did tasteless things. She recalls, I am proud to know I understood him better than any one on earth (93). This textual evidence shows how the Intended is the Europeans; they believe in the greatness of men like Kurtz without knowing the dark and hidden parts of their characters much as the mistress did when remembering Kurtz.
To conclude, Heart of Darkness is a densely male dominated story which undermines women, yet women are paramount to the development of the plot. Marlowr's aunt, the knitting women, and Kurtzr's mistress all hold a grip and power of the men in Heart of Darkness. The protagonist, Marlow, often encounters these women at landmarks of his life. Marlow continous to believe women should stay in their own world and stay out of the manr's world. Even if this new lense of viewing the roles of the women in Heart of Darkness is not convincing enough it is intriguing to ponder and relate to this in this century and in real life. With this in mind, after further analyzing Heart of Darkness, the female character are far from powerless in this Conrad classic.
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Willy Loman and his American Dream
Death of a Salesman
In earlier years the American dream is what everyone lived for. So many get rich schemes to come out on top was the plan. Like the music industry with Joe Jackson, his American dream was his kids and the music industry. He fought so hard and worked even harder for his children to come out on top. It worked and now his last name is the biggest household name when it comes to music. Although in Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, he conveys a message about trying to secure the American dream through Willy Loman using his family as a pawn in his plans, and also losing his sanity while doing so, which eventually led to Willyr's demise.
Arthur Miller attended the University of Michigan, where he began writing plays as a young freshman and also studied Greek literature and earned a bachelorr's degree in English in 1938 ('Built Like Adonises'). His many works of fiction during a career that lasted almost seventy years novels, plays, and short stories are justly revered for their ironic and multilayered meanings ('Built Like Adonises') . Miller gives him some knowledge of western literature and a few of its primal stories and themes ('Built Like Adonises').
In Death of a Salesman Willy Loman goes throughout the play zoning in and out of reality and the real world. He is having the fight of his life because he wants to live the American Dream, but it is truly breaking his family apart. His two sons Biff and Happy, and also his wife is up for an intense ride. More importantly Biff is getting the most problems from his father, because he was supposed to be the meal ticket for the family. Willy thought of as many get rich schemes as he can because he wanted to be rich like his brother. Biff is the only one that had something going for his self. In one of the flashbacks you can see Biff in his prime as the high school football star. In this particular flashback, Biff is seen throwing the ball around with his father and brother. The neighbor comes out to let Biff know, that he needs to study because he is on the brink of failing math. Biff would not listen and continued to play out in the yard. Biff not only was failing classes, he also was stealing (Miller, Arthur).
Eventually Willy goes on a trip to sale as usual, but he ends up in his hotel room with his mistress. Biff ended up coming to meet his father, so they could meet with the teacher about Biffr's failing grades. After short conversation Biff finds out that there is another woman there because she reveals herself. Willy kicks the mistress out of the hotel room and gives her two pairs of stockings that is supposed to be for his wife. The son is so hurt by the actions of his dad, that they get into a big fight in the middle of the room, and then Biff storms off. His football career is ruined, because he fails the class (Miller, Arthur). This little encounter puts a strain on the father son duo, because of how Willy continues to mistreat his wife even after being caught in the act. He is trying so hard to be something he is not, by living a double life wasting money on women instead of providing for his family. The family is already behind on bills, and Willy isnt really making any sales.
Later on in the story though, Willy tries to use Biff again to make money since he is having trouble. Willy gets so down that it shows his previous attempts at trying to take his own life. His wife is hurt because no matter how hard she tries to cater to Willy and make him happy things just get worse and worse. Linda tries to be a peacemaker for all of the boys, but she just cant seem to get them to get along which is slowly tearing the family apart. Happy does not really seem to care for Willy because Biff is the favorite child, and that alone causes more rift in the Loman family.
Life in the 1940r's was not as we see times of today. It was not until the later 40r's when things were popping again. Door-to-door salespeople has to contend with the up and coming world of great technology. People had all kind of big dreams for themselves and their families. Some were brought to fruition and some died before being seen to the end. Door to door salesman were usually the head of their households and their income was the only one they had, so the name of their game was to hustle to out sale the other salesmen with their charisma. Willy put himself on a very high pedestal and that pedestal did come crumbling down.
However, Willy was failing as a great salesman and Mr. Miller had Willy living in a cloud that was really unsuccessful. Knowing Willy was the breadwinner of his household mad Miller look bad(Miller, Arthur). Willy has a very understanding and patient wife which in these days has shenanigans would not be tolerated by wives of today. Throughout the entire play he would go back and forth in time and it leaves a lot to your thought process. It takes a lot to make a dream come true and with Willyr's thought process it makes it even harder to accomplish the dreams he had set forth for his boys, Biff and Happy. Selling merchandise these days has fierce competition compared to the 1940r's and 1950r's. They kind of remind me of Edith and Archie Bunker and their meager way of living. Willy recalled the death of a real salesman as he called it when an 84-year-old salesman/colleague could pick up a phone and make a call and get sales in 31 states while wearing his greenhouse slippers and thatr's the way he died in his green velvet slippers probably making a call to one of his clients (Miller, Arthur). Willy wanted his sons to be successful in whatever they did but he was never satisfied with the careers that they had chosen and always complained about it. He never complimented them on anything. He also complained about how his wife Linda did everything. I guess Willy was the kind of man that wanted everything to be perfect and his familyr's life was far from perfect.
At the end of the story, Biff Loman he former all-star quarterback and all-around golden boy of his senior class, announces much the same intentions (All I want is Out There). After the death of his father, Biff will say goodbye once and for all to the crowded, noisy city that he never loved, never wanted to live in or work in as a grown man (All I want is Out There). He tried for years to escape the urban East and all that it represents to him, but he could not because of his fatherr's dreams (All I want is out). In the end, Biff will go back to Texas, this time for good, and once he is out there amid the horses, the cattle, the freedom, and the big skies, he will finally live out the kind of life” a physically demanding one” that he has desired ever since he left his Brooklyn high school all those years before (Miller, Arthur).
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Plot of Death of a Salesman Play
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Plot Of Death Of A Salesman Play. (2019, Jun 24).
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English for Non-Native Speakers
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English for Non-Native Speakers. (2019, Jun 24).
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The Dark Truth of Literary Censorship
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People that have a Biblical Worldview
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People that have a Biblical worldview. (2019, Jun 24).
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Of Mice and Men Research Paper
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The Development of Freedom and Confinement in of Mice and Men
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Las Vegas Sands Company Profile
1. Name of Company: Las Vegas Sands Corporation
2. Actual Home Office Address:
3355 Las Vegas Blvd D, Las Vegas, NV 89109
3. Company website URL: www.lasvegassands.com
4. Company Telephone Number: (702) 414-1000
5. Number of Offices & 5 Major Locations (apprx.):
16 properties around the world. They are located in Las Vegas, NV; Macau, China; Bethlehem, PA; Marina Bay, Singapore;
6.The Year this Company was Founded: 1988
7. Total Number of Employees (January 2017 or current): est. 50,500 employees
8. What are the Top 3 Employee Benefits that are unique and explain each?
The benefits offered by The Sands Corporation/The Venetian seem to be fairly typical of a lot of companies. One benefit that stood out to me as I have not seen it in companies I have worked for is company paid dependent life insurance. I've seen companies offer dependent life insurance before; but not company paid.
Other than that, they seem to offer the typical benefits to include Medical, Rx, Dental, Vision-the Plan options vary by location though, 401(k), EAP, Holidays, Sick Leave, Flex Time, Free Team Member Dining, Education Assistance and Team Member Discounts. I think the Education Assistance is a standout one as well. A lot of companies now offer education assistance; but there's still a lot of companies that do not.
Discounted Legal Program
Free on-site workout facilities
Professional, Personal and Developmental training programs
Company subsidized on-site and off-site daycare
https://careers.sands.com/content/about/
https://www.sands.com/media-relations/sands-confidential/post/team-member-culture-at-las-vegas-sands
9. Identify 2 important features in culture and structure (ch. 15/16) (repeat criteria) you liked
The culture here is what sets us apart, Fryman said. There is comradery, teamwork and a true sense of family. The company offers so much, and I have many Team Members in my division who have developed and taken on new roles after taking classes such as English as a second language, the Management development trainings provided through Sands Academy, and tuition reimbursement.
Investing in Team Members' personal and professional growth is the commitment the company has made in providing opportunities to advance in their hospitality careers. Through Sands Academy, Team Members are encouraged to take advantage of the classes, tools, coaching, and consulting to help their own development and their departments become more effective covering leadership, wellness, sustainability, language, and more.
I truly believe that investing in those who show potential and a drive to be the best is the way to nurture a team that will makes us proud, Fryman said.
https://www.sands.com/media-relations/sands-confidential/post/team-member-culture-at-las-vegas-sands
LAS VEGAS, May 1, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Las Vegas Sands (NYSE: LVS) has been named one of America's Best Employers in Forbes' annual list of America's most respected employers.
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/forbes-names-las-vegas-sands-one-of-americas-best-employers-300640266.html
https://www.kununu.com/us/las-vegas-sands-corp-venetian-palazzo/reviews
10. What are the product or services this company provides to customers (Be specific)
Las Vegas Sands features luxury hotels; best in-class gaming; retail; dining and entertainment; meetings, incentive, convention and exhibition facilities, and many other business and leisure amenities.
11.Based on your research of this company, which 2 biggie departments are currently hiring and for which positions?
Hospitality:
Manager-Restaurant Partnerships
Floor Manager-Housekeeping
Host- Casino Floor
Grazie Ambassador
Manager-Front Services
VIP Services Coordinator
Security:
Dispatch -Fire Command
Officer - Security Logistics
Security Officer - On Call
Google is always looking for the best people who can bring new innovations into the Google workplace. In the United States, Google is hiring for
14. Would you want to work at this company? Why or why notbe specific and explain 1 drawback to this company:
Yes, I would be interested in working at this company. From many things I've ready, it sounds like Las Vegas Sands provides great opportunities for its employees to grow with the company, giving them a chance to learn and advance. It also offers many appealing benefits to its employees.
One drawback to working for this company is I found some very negative reviews from employees on one site. However, on another site I found several highly positive reviews from employees. The few negative reviews make me a little apprehensive; but the positive ones outweigh the negatives, including the positive ones were from employees that had been there for many years. Longevity on the job is usually a good sign.
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Objectification and Shame in the House on Mango Street
What he did. Where he touched me. I didnt want it, Sally. The way he said it, the way itr's supposed to be, all the storybooks and movies.. says Esperanza, the narrator in The House On Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros. Esperanza and other girls on Mango Street struggle with growing up and being objectified by men. The neighborhood they live in puts the girls into unsafe situations with other people around. Throughout the novel, Esperanza and other young girls lose their innocence due to the comments and actions of men. Girls are told to adjust themselves, and they become accustomed to this expectation by the end of the book. In the novel, one theme is that growing up a woman can be shameful and objectifying. It is evident when a bum harrases Rachel, when sher's abused in the workplace, and when young girls choose to wear heels.
While on the street, Esperanza, Lucy, and Rachel are shamed for their choice in shoes. In "The Family of Little Feet" while they are wearing blue, yellow, and red heels, Mr. Benny at the corner store makes rude comments towards them. He asks them where they got the shoes, and continues to critique them, "Your mother know you got shoes like that? Who give you those? Nobody. Them are dangerous, he says. You girls too young to be wearing shoes like that. Take them shoes off before I call the cops" (Cisneros 41). This commentary could be interpreted as him trying to help the girls, but by his choice of words I think that there is more to it than that. He doesnt speak in a kind way, take them shoes off before I call the cops. Threatening to call the police because of a girlr's shoes is completely ridiculous, and teaches them that they have to adjust for what men want, or there will be serious consequences. Saying all of these things in a public place is embarrassing for anyone. It leaves the girls feeling ashamed and small, like Rachel is left feeling after the drunk bum speaks to her.
When Rachel walks down the street, she is objectified and harassed. In The Family with Little Feet, Esperanza, Rachel, and other girls choose to wear heels into town, and they run into a drunk bum. Rachel continues to speak with him despite all the other girls telling her not to, and then the bum offers her money, If I give you a dollar will you kiss me? How about a dollar. I give you a dollar, and he looks in his pocket for money (Cisneros 42). When the bum man speaks to Rachel like that, it definitely belittles her and takes away some of her freedom in the moment. The man objectifies her by offering to trade her for money. He thinks that it is an acceptable proposition, and that he can buy girls. We buy things, not people, and trying to buy her is treating her like an object. This is an example of objectification in the novel, along with when Esperanza begins her new job at Pan Photo FInishers.
When Esperanza began to work at her new job, she was abused. In The First Job Esperanza is harassed and sexually abused by an old man at her new workplace. Sher's working at Pan Photo Finishers, and doesnt know anyone there. She spends most of the day alone working, and when she goes to the coatroom to eat, a man comes in. He starts talking to her, and says they can be friends. She finds him comforting because she didnt know anyone else at her job. He tells her itr's his birthday, and asks for a kiss, ...he said it was his birthday and would I please give him a birthday kiss. I thought I would because he was so old and just as I was about to put my lips on his cheek, he grabs my face with both hands and kisses me hard on the mouth and doesnt let go (Cisneros 55). This is abusive because he kissed her without her consent, and didnt let go. In the text, she never verbally consented to what was given to her, and she is also underage. The man didnt wait for her consent, and that takes away her voice. Not waiting for consent is an example of objectification, because he is treating her like something he can just grab and move around how he wants. He treats her like this, rather than someone with a voice or a important opinion. The harassment causes Esperanza shame, similar to how the girls felt when they wore their heels.
Esperanza and other girls face harassment frequently throughout The House On Mango St, such as when the drunk bum talks to Rachel, when sher's employed, and when Esperanza and her friends wear heels for the first time. In the novel, Esperanza and other girls end up in situations where men belittle them, and attempt to use or harass them. Instead of allowing men to objectify Esperanza, or feeling ashamed of who she is, she fights the gender roles that have been set out for her, and tries her hardest to follow her own path and learn from the situations sher's been in.
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Detaching Criminality from Assisted Suicide
Criminality is defined as a behavior and/or action that is contrary to or forbidden by criminal law, according to Merriam-Websterr's Dictionary. Wherein murder is defined as a criminal act due to the intention of killing an individual out of hatred or insanity, assisted suicide performed by a physician is legal in several states and is being contemplated in others. Many have been arguing for years whether-or-not physician-assisted suicide should be legal, however most do not separate the ethical point of the argument from the legal standpoint. There are three ways of which assisted suicide is legal in the seven states (as well as the District of Columbia) within the United States; withdrawal of a futile treatment, terminal sedation, and medical aid in dying (Sullivan and Taylor). There is no crime in physician assistance suicide due to the fact that it is a form of euthanasian for humans performed only in cases where the patient is terminally ill, which will save them from wasting money on treatment of death.
For an individual who is given a date of death, the remaining time he or she has left could be a scary time for them. Terminally ill patients often spend the remainder of their days lying in a bed waiting for what is coming, however many do not want their loved ones to see them in suffering. Some cannot necessarily handle the pain that comes along with a terminal illness, such as feeling your bodily organs shut down and the additional treatment needed to support their body until there is simply nothing else to do but terminate the patient. The options of terminal sedation, or euthanasia, and medical aid in dying, such as giving the patient drugs that will sedate then shut down bodily functions, seem like a better fit for their passing as it leaves a better lasting impression for everyone involved.
Another factor that should be considered in discussing physician assisted suicide is the cost difference in caring for a terminally ill patient as opposed to the options for assisted suicide. With there being multiple ways to pursue physician-assisted suicide, each treatment obviously will have a different cost factor. Caring for a terminally ill patient until their last day on average costs $33,500, not taking into consideration the living accommodations and food (How California Could Dramatically Change Assisted Suicide Debate). The withdrawal of futile treatment for a patient would leave their loved ones with only paying for living accommodations and food, which would cost no more than it would to care for an individual who was not ill. Terminal sedation and medical aid in dying will have a cost, however it does not even compare to the cost of caring for a terminally ill patient. Terminal sedation costs roughly $200-$300, depending on the amount needed to euthanize an individual, which is based on their body mass at the given time (How California Could Dramatically Change Assisted Suicide Debate). Medical aid in dying only costs $40 or $50 and it depends on the dosage and what cocktail they are prescribed (How California Could Dramatically Change Assisted Suicide Debate). Clearly, no matter which method of physician-assisted suicide is chosen, it is still significantly cheaper than caring for the patient in their last days.
Ethically, assisted suicide should not be the way to go as one is taking their own life and can be seen as an equivalent of murder in a sense. However, it allows the patient, who is already terminally ill with months left to live, to pass with dignity and leave their family and friends with a lasting memory that they would want them to remember; not a memory of seeing a loved one in pain and obvious that they are on their death bed. The aspect of assisted suicide that can be seen as the grey area between carrying it out and passing on it is the patient and/or doctor may not know if there is some sort of possibility of survival. In todayr's modern age the advancements of medicine are happening rapidly, and time given may, in some cases, help a terminally ill patient start to rejuvenate back to their sustainable health.
Saying physician-assisted suicide is criminal is like arguing that animals shouldnt be euthanized; we dont want our animals to endure more pain than they need to nor do we want our loved ones enduring that pain. With physician-assisted suicide, one is given the choice to take their life sooner in a humane way. The topic of death is difficult for everyone to discuss; however, it does happen naturally and often times not in the prettiest of ways. As unfortunate as it may be to others, those who are given a date of their death should have the right to deem their death sooner so that their loved ones will not have to see them die a slow painful death and to save everyone involved money in the long run.
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Should Assisted Suicide be an Option?
Assisted suicide, also known as Euthanasia, is the painless killing of a patient suffering from a terminal painful disease/sickness which is performed with the assistance of a physician or doctor by being injected with lethal drugs causing a painless death. The problem is that patients and physicians cant agree on whether assisted suicide should be legal or not because majority believe that people deserve the right to decide on whether they want to consider assisted suicide, while others conclude that the legalization of assisted suicide will be the cause of widespread assisted suicide among the terminally ill. If the two opposing sides dont come to a compromise, then many terminally ill patients, who dont want to deal with the pain and thought of passing at any moment, cant do so by choosing assisted suicide. An agreement the two sides could agree coming to is asking the courts to situate boundaries on the reasonability for why a patient can consider assisted suicide. For one requirement, the terminally ill patient should be required to take a mental evaluation to help identify if they are stable to figure out if the patient is abusing assisted suicide. Another requirement would be, if the person is predicted to pass away in six months or less then, the patient should then be given this option. The third option being that the courts should make the final decision on whether or not the person is allowed to go commit the assisted suicide.
The first compromise the two opposing sides could come to is doing a mental evaluation for the terminally ill patients who choose to do assisted suicide. The mental evaluation would happen before the patient goes through with the process of assisted suicide and would help with reducing the amount of vulnerable patients who go with assisted suicide by determining the true intentions of why the patient would choose to do so. For example, if a patient is rational enough to come to terms with their illness and has recognized the suffering their illness can bring, then this would be the ideal state of mind. However, if the patient is depressed and is not in the right state of mind to go through with assisted suicide, then they could not do so. This solution could help figure out which patients are the vulnerable and easily manipulated. This can also help reduce the widespread assisted suicide of the vulnerable, which is what most people are afraid of.
Another solution that the two opposing sides could come to an agreement upon is if the person is predicted to pass in six months or less. This solution would work by diagnosing the patients with their illness or state and the amount of time they have to live. Once the patients figure out what their diagnosis is, then they can inform their doctor on whether or not they want consider assisted suicide as an option. This solution has already been implemented for states who have legalized assisted suicide. This solution will also be able to prevent the widespread use of assisted suicide.
A final solution for the opposing sides to come to is to eliminate the doctors from the decision making process and let the courts handle the decision on whether or not a terminally ill patient is allowed to go through with assisted suicide. This solution could help with knowing the patients made the decision on their own and were not pressured into choosing assisted suicide by their doctor. This solution contributes to both sides by allowing assisted suicide and by helping the vulnerable patients make their own decisions so they are not manipulated or pressured into a decision that doesnt align with their personal choices. Taking the doctors out of the decision making process will help prevent that situation from happening by eliminating the bias the patient has towards the doctor and vice versa. For this solution to come into play though, it needs to be implemented as a law to prohibit doctors from having a say in whether or not a patient decides on assisted suicide. Having only the courts decide on whether or not a patient can go with assisted suicide could help prevent manipulation of those who are indecisive. Even though the doctor is out of the decision making, it does not eliminate all manipulation. But, should still be considered a way to help eliminate most manipulated.
Assisted suicide should be legal because it could help terminally ill patients be relieved of their terminal illness. Three solutions that could help the two opposing sides of assisted suicide come to an agreement is: a person should be provided with a mental evaluation for the patient who chooses this option so that the assisted suicide is not abused by people who can be treated, if the person is predicted to pass on in six months or earlier, they should be allowed this option, and the courts should decide whether or not a person is allowed to go through with assisted suicide. These are the three best solutions for the two sides to come to an agreement on because it favors both sides in multiple ways.
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About the Story of an Hour
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About The Story of an Hour. (2019, Jun 24).
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Is Assisted Suicide Morally Acceptable?
What is the definition of life? Is it simply just being alive and breathing? Or, is it measured as something much more meaningful? It can be agreed upon that when someoner's life has reached a definitive block, and that person is no longer viable to serve as they wish, keeping them alive and in pain, when they can no longer contribute only does more harm over good. Is there a solution to this issue, and is it one that can be accepted by all parties? Physician assisted suicide, has been a topic of great debate and consideration for many years. A great debate that has many different angles to evaluate when taking into consideration the value of someoner's life. Throughout my essay, I will be arguing that physician assisted suicide, the act in which lethal drugs are provided to a terminally ill patient through a doctor who is aware of the patients final intent, is an act that is morally acceptable. Morally acceptable, due to the fact that the patient being in total charge of his or her own fate is crucial to human existence, and whether or not they view themselves as having a purpose in life. The ability to decide your own fate is an important part of freedom, independance, and personal will should be taken at high value. So long as this act is doing no damage to others then there is little reason as to why a patient should have to live in pain, and with little personal purpose.
First and foremost, assisted suicide can be classified into two separate definitions. Active, and passive. Active euthanasia refers to the deliberate act, usually through the intentional administration of lethal drugs, to end a patientr's life. Passive euthanasia is used to describe the deliberate withholding or withdrawal of life- prolonging medical treatment resulting in the patientr's death (Walsh, 2009). Passive euthanasia is accepted as morally permissible by much of the population because many see this as leaving the death of the patient to Godr's will. Passive euthanasia has become an established part of medical practice and is relatively uncontroversial (Walsh, 2009). While passive euthanasia is becoming more accepted by those who previously criticized it, it could still be intentional on the behalf of the patient. The patient could actively make the decision beforehand to withdraw the medical treatment when they reach the point of no longer wanting to have their life prolonged. This decision, would then slightly overturn the idea of Godr's will and still be making their death their own personal choice. Although the great advances of medical technology may help prolong a patients life, it can also prolong suffering just as much. Terminally ill patients should have the right to assisted suicide because it is the best means for them to end the pain caused by an illness which no drug can cure. A competent terminal patient must have the option of assisted suicide because it is in the best interest of that person (The Right To Assisted Suicide). Furthermore, it can not be argued that assisted suicide is a murderous act. The job of the physicians in charge it is not to purposely cause harm to another, and is in no way causing an unexpected death. It is simply putting an end to a sickness and a life that was prolonging the pain of another who does not wish to continue. A close friend of mine, who I interviewed on the topic, argues, It should be up to the patient; however, when we are in pain how often do we make rational decisions? It almost shouldnt be up to anyone but rather a list of illnesses that warrant assisted suicide, or a form (which they have) that is signed before hand when the patient is in good health (Martinek).
Not only does the certain forthcoming of death take a significant toll on the patient, but it also takes a significant toll on the family members as well. That pain comes in the form of potential financial ruin for the family members who strive to keep their loved one alive, even in a vegetable state often at the expense of their own financial security. The cost of maintaining [a dying person]. . . has been estimated as ranging from about two thousand to ten thousand dollars a month (qtd. in Dworkin 187). Human life is expensive, and in the hospital there are only a few affluent terminal patients who can afford to prolong what life is left in them. As for the not-so-affluent patients, the cost of their lives is left to their families. Of course, most families do not consider the cost while the terminally ill loved-one is still alive.When that loved-one passes away, however, the family has to struggle with a huge hospital bill and are often subject to financial ruin.Most terminal patients want their death to be a peaceful one and with as much consolation as possible (The Right To Assisted Suicide). Additionally, terminally ill patients will often feel an incredible amount of guilt for leaving their loved ones behind with such a financial burden after being left with a nearly lifeless loved one to look after in their slow remaining days. However, this utilitarian approach to this issue also comes with some downside. Flaws do exist in the utilitarian principle when applied to certain situations, for example: the utilitarian approach would argue that a peeping tom is not immoral if he is not caught, meaning that if his victim was unaware, no suffering would occur and his pleasure would be all that mattered. However, most people would agree that other values such as individual rights, justice, and freedom are equally important (Crocker 6). Although physician assisted suicide, is a morally comprehensible and just act for many reasons, it cannot be available to anyone and everyone who seeks it as their best way out. States like Oregon, Montana, Washington and Vermont.
Have begun to make strides in the legal direction regarding this issue. Laws have been put into place to ensure that those who qualify for assisted suicide are prepared under the right circumstances. Laws require that a physician diagnose a terminally ill patient as having a life expectancy of six months or less and a second doctor then must concur with the diagnosis (qtd. in Worsnop, 1997). Patients must request the lethal prescription twice verbally and once in written form with a waiting period of at least two weeks between the first and last request (qtd. in Worsnop, 1997). Lastly the doctor who writes the prescription must believe the patient is mentally competent to make the decision. The law also requires that patients be able to take the pills on their own (qtd. in Worsnop, 1997). Having a guideline in a time of uncertainty can help an ill patient decide what the right decision is in regards to their health. It can help them think over their options in their final stages of life and let them know where to turn next.
How do we define life? Is it simply the act of breathing, or is it defined as something more significant? For many of us, freedom, independance, and individual autonomy, are virtues we hold high; and not only as I have argued throughout this paper does physician assisted suicide uphold those virtues, but it exceeds their definition by allowing us as individuals to have a safe and rather merciful death, in a well thought out and carefully planned agenda. When a human life has reached a natural stopping point, the way to honor their life is not by keeping them alive for the selfish comfort of their family, but it is letting them choose the manner in which they want to leave this world in the most safe and respectable of ways.
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Assisted Suicide by Physician for the Terminally Ill Moral or not
The notion of the right to assisted suicide is oftentimes a controversial topic surrounding the medical industry in the United States. One side of the spectrum will argue that assisted suicide is unjustifiable because by definition, death in itself is an inevitability, not a right. On the contrary, the other side of the spectrum claims that assisted suicide by aid of physician is an ethical right to a patients free exercise of autonomy. Therer's a multitude of factors that play into the right to assisted suicide. My argument is that so long as the terminally patient within their own mind is psychologically stable and that all other potential life-saving measures have already been instilled, then it should lawfully be within someoner's rights to take their own life by palliative, physician induced suicide.
In terms is the United States, only eight states have legalized assisted suicide to some degree but within strict regulation. The issuing of a assisted suicide procedure within these states is still frowned upon and is only admitted for patients with a prognosis of six months or less to live. The problem with this is that being terminally ill is not only a physical battle of attrition but even more so a mental war within oneself no matter how long your prognosis is. In essence, pain and discomfort is not the sole reason for these patients wanting to take their lives. As Doctor Teresa Yao explains in her article Can We Limit a Right to Physician-Assisted Suicide?, the three most commonly answered reasons for seeking the assisted suicide procedure is because the patients have either loss their dignity, they have lost their own autonomy, or they feel like they simply cant do the things in life that made life enjoyable anymore. (Yao 5) The objective of the majority of these patients is to relieve themselves of their lost sense of purpose.
Why would we as a country only honor what these inevitably dead people have to say when the prognosis is six months or less? The physical pain seen visually to people oftentimes undermines the overall spiritual and mental anguish that these patients are going through. The sixth months to live laws are completely arbitrary. The sole reason these lawfully put in place is to appease the public side that opposes the notion all together. The argument that Doctor Yao is implying that United States as a whole was founded on the principle of autonomy. (Yao 6) What this means is essentially being prideful and living the life that you want to live. Why is it that once you become terminally ill but still have more than six months to live, you as an inevitably dead patient have lost your right to autonomy? We a nation preach the notion of autonomy in all aspects of life. Telling a terminally ill patient that they dont have the right to die peacefully at all or stipulating that a patient with a six month prognosis does completely undermines the principle all together. The reality of the United States is that the majority of the vocal public opposes physician assisted suicide all together and will only resiliently support the procedure in extreme circumstances such as disabilities or a six month prognosis. The right to die can and should be included in the right to receiving an assisted-suicide procedure no matter what the prognosis or if they are disabled. This in itself is contradictory and I happen to disagree with any form of opposition of the right to this procedure.
The other side of the spectrum on this ideology will argue that a persons right to die should be rejected no matter what the circumstances because the notion of death in itself is an inevitability, not a right guaranteed to one as an individual. Doctor Sylvia Dianne in her article Euthanasia and assisted suicide; There is an alternative. dives into the argument of the world being universally opposed to the notion of assisted suicide and for logical reasoning as to why. The first ideology displayed by Doctor Dianne is that the majority of participants in Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism are unanimously opposed to the motives for assisted suicide. Also, studies show that Atheists and Agnostics alike tend to question morality of the process due to the universally accepted belief about the sanctity of human life despite religiously charged influence. (Dianne 25) To these four religions, suffering is a form of overcoming, displaying resilience and ultimately bringing about the best in people. Euthanasia is in essence, implying that suffering no longer has a meaning or purpose behind it. Some of the world greatest literature, art, and music has been brought into existence because of suffering. Christians oftentimes claim that it was the unjust suffering of Christ that ultimately allowed redemption for the everyday sinners on Earth. After arguing in respect to worldwide religions and cultures, Doctor Dianne researched the issue of assisted-suicide from the medical perspective. It turns out that from the very beginnings of medically involved times till now, the sanctioning of killing patients is and never will be acceptable. Also, euthanasia practices voluntary or not are in violation of historical codes birthed in medical ethics. (Dianne 30) The explanation behind this research is that the grand majority of medical professionals feel that the practice of voluntary assisted suicide is hypocritical and goes against exactly what it is the medical professional was trained to do. What the author is insinuating is that euthanasia needs to be an absolute last resort option and rather than jumping to the conclusion of termination so rapidly, Doctors need to exhaust every avenue of potential life saving treatment first so that questioning of physician assisted suicide is never brought into question in the first place.
As a practicing Christian myself, I think that Doctor Dianne did a good job at arguing in favor of not only Christianity but also the three other most commonly practiced religions worldwide in Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. When debating a topic that is correlated between science and religion I feel like this article remained fairly unbiased in that Doctor Sylvia was successful in bringing about the fact that both the medical industry and religions alike are opposed to physician assisted suicide in some way, shape, or form. It is definitely important to respect the morality and views of people when considering the topic of assisted suicide. Religions and people in general claim that human life has inherent value and that euthanasia isnt something that any medical professional wants to be responsible for. These are important variables to take into account but, I also feel that sometimes it is important to challenge such views when it comes to terminally ill patients. I personally dont see euthanasia as a last resort option. I see it as a form of immediate relief which is something medical professionals are trained to do metaphorically speaking. I also greatly oppose the argument of suffering no longer having meaning. Enduring a life of hardships and perseverance is something that brings about the best in people. Lifestyle hardships are far fetched from someone on the verge of dying, potentially going through excruciating pain and suffering. There really needs to be a deviation between the two in the eyes of someone arguing in favor of their religiously innate ideas.
I now want to revert back as to why physician assisted suicide is justifiable. Doctor Timothy Quill is actually a practicing medical professional himself and wrote his article Physicians Should Assist in Suicide When It Is Appropriate. In order to explain that in many cases, assisting suicide by a physician is actually ethically justifiable. Early on Doctor Quill claims that assisted suicide shouldnt be considered for a terminally ill patient until all aspects of excellent palliative medical care has been induced. (Quill 58) This correlates directly to the argument displayed by religiously activated Doctor Dianne in the previous article examined. After laying this foundation, Doctor Quill explains that legalization of physician assisted suicide will absolutely does not undermine improvements in palliative care and hospice. The idea for terminally ill patients having the option of the procedure is potentially a good safety blanket in that it brings the patients more tolerance and resilience to suffering knowing that there is that option if need be. After being moderate on the idea, Doctor Quill then discusses the autonomy argument similar to that of Doctor Yao. Autotomy is essentially the greatest factor played into the seeking of euthanasia, and understandably so. He talks by personal experience witnessing terminally ill patients living a life of no dignity and pride while continuously piling on medical bills and from what he has seen itr's absolutely demoralizing to people and their families. (Quill 63) What Doctor Quill is insisting is that why let your family see you suffering and why be a financial burden when death is inevitable sooner than later? So long as the practices are not in secret and are repeatedly pronounced to the patient and family for a formal consent, then therer's really no justification as to why this practice is harsh or immoral again, this is once all other avenues have been exhausted.
This is unfortunately a harsh reality that some families have to experience when it comes to terminal illnesses however, there is much truth value behind what he is claiming. The practice of physician assisted suicide indeed needs to be a consensual procedure with the patient having the ultimate authority so long as they are mentally competent. I like how Doctor Quill discussed how demoralizing living with a terminal illness is. Where I somewhat disagree with him is when he relates to Doctor Dianne on stressing the importance of exhausting every potential life saving avenue. I would say once diagnosed as terminally ill it is crucial to let the patients and their families demonstrate their own choices and let them decide what they want to do. Even with assistance from insurance treatments can become a financial burden as well as a waste of resources for patients who arent terminally ill.
The last article I researched by Doctor D. Etienne de Villiers was called May Christians Request Medically Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia? This article gives the perspective from an average American Christian as to why the practice is not ethical in accordance to the Bible and traditional American values in general. The general Christian belief system entails that the terminally ill are to live both morally and loyal to god until their death. This, as well has remaining prejudice against the termination of any human life for any reason. (Villiers 1) Another influential ideology as to why Christians are so hesitant when asked about assisted suicide even for the terminally ill is because the Bible promotes absolute prohibition. Doctor Villiers explains this by going on to discuss the Sixth Commandment Thou Shalt Not Kill. Although quite vague, the modern interpretation of the sixth commandment is to value human life as sacred. The journey of life for a Christian, even when terminally ill, is to essentially trust the sustained care and support of God no matter what the circumstances are. (Villiers 4) The main idea here is to put the illness in the hands of God and let it play out the way that it was intended too. In other words, a physician has no place telling a person when their time on Earth is up. It is Godr's will as to when your time comes. Generally what Doctor Villiers is establishing is that physician assisted suicide is considered blasphemy by the majority of Christianr's and that needs to be respected by the medical industry when cases are made in favor of the practice.
I truly have mixed emotions on this article. Although I am a practicing Christian, I think itr's important to note that when someone is diagnosed as terminally ill it can be inferred God has already willed that death will take place for that very person. I feel as though this article was objective at trying to bring about an understanding from the religious perspective on the issue and I think that Doctor de Villiers stayed fairly neutral and within certain boundaries even though she showed religious biases in her argument structure. Biblically speaking, I can agree and understand the notion that the body is somewhat like a temple and is to be taken care of at all times. Where I come to disagree is at what point is the body worth trying to save anymore? If your soul truly is eternal and the body has wasted away to near death then maybe itr's time to surrender and let your soul move on. This article was backed with Biblical evidence however I feel much of this article was more speculation rather than research. The source proved to be effective in further adding to the notion that we as nation need to appease all sides of the spectrum and witness who displays these antagonistic views and why.
In conclusion, the research that I have performed for this paper has taught me that the majority of the world is unanimously opposed to the notion of physician assisted suicide for reasons tied to religion, ethics, and morality. These multitude of explanations cannot not be ignored and should always be considered when trying to promote such a procedure. Although the opposition create a solid counterargument, the benefits of physician assisted suicide at least to me, outweigh the negatives. For this very reason, my argument remains that so long as the terminally patient within their own mind is psychologically stable and that all other potential life-saving measures have already been instilled, then it should lawfully be within someoner's rights to take their own life by palliative, physician induced suicide.
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Assisted Suicide by Physician for the Terminally Ill Moral or Not. (2019, Jun 24).
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Physician Assisted Suicide: the Right to Die with Dignity
Life is precious. You get one opportunity and countless amounts of people take it for granted. What we as humans dont consider is, pain and suffering does not discriminate. Unfortunately, we all will experience some sort of pain whether its physical or emotional. No matter if it's bearable or agonizing, it's inescapable. Suffering can sometimes make you blind to everything in your life that makes it worth living and for some, committing suicide seems like the only option you have to be free from it. Suicide is traumatizing for anyone involved and can be portrayed as selfish, or the cowardr's way out. Are there any circumstances that make suicide acceptable?
Imagine being diagnosed with cancer. After receiving all the treatment you can think of, it has been determined that your diagnosis is terminal and there are no options left except to enjoy what time you have left with your close loved ones. At this point, youve discussed your end of life wishes with your doctor and youre tired of suffering. Would you consider the option to die with dignity or would you continue to suffer until your body gives out? Should the right to die be a matter of personal choice? As a physician, would you consider hastening a patientr's death by writing a lethal prescription?
Only 6 states and the District of Columbia has legalized death with dignity laws. Advocates of physician assisted suicide laws believe patients who have a terminal diagnosis that are mentally competent, should have the right to die when they choose. For a terminally ill patient, dignity reflects how they feel based on their personal values, and their standards of decency. Who are we as outsiders, caregivers or physicians, to decide if a terminally ill loved one or patientr's life is worth living when we arent physically and mentally experiencing their pain?
This prescription cannot be obtained by anybody who asks for it. You must meet specific requirements to be eligible for Nembutal. To qualify, you must be a resident in the state the prescription is offered. Youre required to be mentally competent and be able to communicate your own health care decisions. It is necessary you can self-administer and consume the Nembutal. Within justifiable medical judgment, your terminal illness is said to lead to death within 6 months. No patient will be approved for this medication exclusively because of old age or disability. Multiple requests, oral and written, must be made by the patient after all alternative end-of-life care options discussed and understood. Two doctors will review the criteria and have to come to an agreement in determining eligibility. A patient can be denied if the physicians believe they need psychological evaluation.
Opponents say these kinds of laws devalue life and are essentially incongruous to a physicianr's role as a healer. Some argue that terminally ill patients might be experiencing undiagnosed depression that can undermine their ability to make a life or death decision. They believe if patients cannot find any value in their lives, they are not competent to make the decision to take their own life. Neil M. Gorsuch, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the author of The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, states, all human beings are intrinsically valuable and the intentional taking of human life by private persons is always wrong Could this potentially give doctors a license to kill? Should these laws stop being legalized because a terminal patient may not be competent enough to make this decision?
Doctors who have been involved in assisted suicide have experienced significant emotional and psychological changes. Many physicians describe feelings of isolation and chaotic emotions. Several feel as if they have no choice but to be involved in assisted suicide; they must take responsibility for causing the patientr's death, which creates a huge burden on their conscience.
I do not believe anyone who hasnt had cancer or isnt currently diagnosed with a terminal illness, should have a say in whether or not this law should be passed. I believe the Death with Dignity laws should be legalized nationwide. Because doctors can be effected psychologically, I think doctors involved with the end of life process should be able to choose whether or not they would like to prescribe this medication. Although I disagree with the opponents, I do believe any person who is told they have a terminal illness will have underlying depression at some point throughout their diagnosis. But having depression doesnt mean you are incapable of making this decision. If I had a choice to let the illness run its course or die when I feel like I have suffered enough, I would rather be able to control that myself. I would rather be happy and comfortable at home. Surrounded by my family, I would say my goodbyes and leave this world with my family knowing how much I loved them because nothing saves our hearts more than closure before tragedy occurs.
Physician assisted suicide laws should be passed nationwide. Terminal patients should have alternative options for suffering in a hospice. Determining the legalization of the Death with Dignity laws should be voiced by terminal patients only. Itr's a shame that outsiders get to have an opinion when most of us would only be against the legalization of this medication because of our own selfish reasons. Itr's hard to lose a loved one, especially in this way, but who are we to decide when itr's time for our them to let go? We are not in the minds of the one suffering and do not understand how they truly feel physically and mentally. Life is precious; it doesnt become any less valuable because we have the option to die with dignity. Without dignity, there is no real value in life.
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Physician Assisted Suicide: The Right to Die With Dignity. (2019, Jun 24).
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What Assisted Suicide Is?
In Dictionary.com, retrieved November 20th, 2018, The definition of Assisted Suicide is suicide facilitated by another person, especially a physician, who organizes the logistics of the suicide, as by providing the necessary quantities of a poison.
Assisted Suicide is for someone who has a terminal illness with six months or less to live.
They have less aggressive ways to say assisted suicide like physician assisted death, aid in dying, euthanasia (good death), death with dignity, DNR (do not resuscitate), and DNI (do not intubate).
Unknown author, a article in ProCon.org, titled State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide, published July 7th, 2018, that 6 states (CA, CO, HI, OR, VT, and WA) and DC legalized physician-assisted suicide via legislation, and 1 state (MT) has legal physician-assisted suicide via court ruling.
However in Oregon and Washington by law the individual has to administer the medication themselves.
Making 43 of the other states illegal to have and forms of assisted suicide.
A lot of family members and the patient do not agree with this due to religious purposes, moral rights, or they just do not feel comfortable doing it. But there are many who do and are thankful for it at the end.
Sarah Lyell, a article in The New York Times, titled The Last Thing Mom Asked, published August 31, 2018, I know what Im supposed to do, because she has told me many times. One of the stories passed down as gospel in our tiny family is about how my late father, a doctor, helped his own mother ” my grandmother Cecilia, whom I never met ” at the end of her life. Her cancer was unbearable. So he gave her a big dose of morphine to stop the pain, my mother has always told my brother and me, as if reaching the end of a fairy tale. It had the side effect of stopping her heart. With this all she wanted was for her mother to be comfortable and out of pain.
Transition: Which brings me to my next point the cost and the different types.
Main point: The cost and the different types of drugs used.
You may think the cost of the drug is significant to the pocket and insurance will not cover it. Wrong
A lot of these patients instead of insurance companies paying for their chemotherapy treatments they will instead pay for assisted because it would cost a lot less.
Unknown author, a article from Death With Dignity, titled What Kind Of Prescription Will I Receive and How Much The Medication Cost, published unknown, It is up to the physician to determine the prescription. To date, most patients have received a prescription for an oral dosage of a barbiturate (pentobarbital or secobarbital). But many will use other forms as well like morphine, Insulin, Oxycodone, or whatever else they can get from hospice facilities.
With the cost of these medications can vary between hundreds to thousands of dollars. Pentobarbital in liquid cost about $500 till 2012 when Europe refused to send it to them because it was being used as capital punishment which jumped the price to 15,000 to 20,000.
Which after the drastic price increase they went to powder form dropping the price back down to $500 or cheaper actually.
The other drug is secobarbital which is a mix of pentobarbital and morphing which can cost from $400 to $500 and there is a secondary for of this type as well which just adds Valium and Digoxin which about $600 to $700.
Chemotherapy can vary in price from a couple thousand dollars to several hundreds of thousand dollars. With insurance that can be a couple thousand dollars and without insurance it can be hundreds of thousands. Which is why some insurance companies will pay for the assistant suicide then pay for chemo treatments.
Transition: Which brings me to my next topic having it available for everyone.
Main point: Having assisted suicide be available for everyone.
Arthur J. Dyck, a article from The Center Of Biometric & Human Dignity, titled Life's Worth: The Case against Assisted Suicide, published unknown, My experiences have served to convince me that euthanasia, even if voluntary, is fundamentally wrong and I'm now staunchly against it on religious, moral, intellectual and spiritual grounds. My wife's views have changed similarly.
He did not want assisted suicide once he got into a hospice facility. But with hospice facilities they start accepting patients when they also have six more or less left of their time.
So than what about the other patients who do have cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and many other illnesses. That have 6 months or longer to live and they would have to suffer.
There are also only seven states who do assisted suicide because other states believe it is morally wrong, goes against religion, and just not acceptable in their views.
The cost of assisted suicide is not much compared to the cost of cancer treatments, medicine and in house nurses, and the time spent at home unhappy.
Most individuals either go to a hospice facility, stay at home, or hospitals.
A lot of patients who can't afford a hospice, in house nurse, medications, and have no one.
There is also the issue that if the family does not agree with your wishes so you do it yourself and your family walks in to see you like that.
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What Assisted Suicide Is?. (2019, Jun 24).
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