The Great Recession and the Unemployment Rate

Work is important to most of our lives , that enables us to get by in the world, but also itr's the key to now we define ourselves and to our sense of self-worth. At the end of the Great Recession, the unemployment rate peaked at 10.0 percent (in October 2009) which has significantly increased before the Recession. Youth unemployment has became a long term problem in the U.S. An increase of youth joblessness slows down the speed of U.S economic recovery, although the Great Recession affected national economic around the world, which has already has been 9-10 years. So we have to think about is it the government not doing well in unemployment problem which has affected to economic globally or is it individualr's problem. There were several factors that caused the Great Recession, the housing market was a large part, Several factors conspired to cause the problem. A push for the maximum number of people to own a house has been policy objective off the government. There were many companies and banks willing to give home loans that were not concern about whether or not the loan applicant had the ability to ever pay back the loan. Also, at that time which was during the Great Recession, housing prices skyrocketed, banks approved loans with lower credit scores, incomes and savings. Incomes simply were not enough to afford a high cost of housing. Hence, people saved less money and were less prepared for unemployment and costly life events along with financial party going as home prices continue to skyrocket. As for individual, people were selfish in a way, by trying to live beyond their means- using credits/loans/mortgages, and sometimes, violating regulations in the process along with a significantly increase in prices at everything. Since, everything from housing prices to necessary things in life such as oil/ gas prices rise, people spend more money and more money, more than what they used to spend, they are without any consciousness reducing the money available for them to be spent on actual reproductive day. The Great Recession has provoked many business to slow down since 2008; as a result many people have lost their jobs and became unemployed. Because of that, the unemployment has been a particular concern within both government and private sectors for many years. On the authority of The U.S Bureau Of Labor Statistic, the employment rate of young adults has decreased as it did in all other groups, during the recession. According to The Recession 2007-2009, the percentage of young men employment has declined about 88 % in the fall of 2007 along with young women unemployment peaked at 79% in the late of 2007; they both remained fairly stable through December 2008 which was when the Great Recession happened. The Great Recession was the most severe economic downturn and the longest persisting recession since the Great Depression. Employment fell by 6.3 % which is more than twice the decline in the 1981 recession, three times decline in 2001 recession and four times decline in the 1990 recession. Unemployment averaged about 4.6 % in the year leading up the Recession then spiked up to more than 10 % in October 2009, this points out the decline on youth employment rate that was resulted from the Great Recession since there were more than 15 million people that were unemployed, according to Great Recession, great recovery? Trends from the current Population Survey by Bureau Labor Statistic .Unemployment rate increases because businesses sack staff/labor because they cannot afford to pay them, people are not buying what is being produced and sold, so company faces serious loss which caused the recession and increase rate of unemployment . Since, unemployment rate increased during the Great Recession, as a result unemployment is like a backbone structure in an economy. Unemployment directly affects a countryr's economic. If a country has high unemployment rate then there would be no production and without production the economy wouldnt be able to survive. Therefore, unemployment has negatively impacted among people's lives, but on what spectrum? Firstly, the consequences of unemployment of the individual is emotionally, socially destructive and it could also impact on their future. According to Unemployment and Health: Experiences Narrated by Young Finnish Men, an article that examines psychological effects of youth unemployment, ? The young men described how they often had feelings of shame and guilt over, as they put it, not doing my bit, that is, not being involved and contributing to the public welfare but rather being more of a burden on society, as stated by the study, young men often feel guilty since they have been out of work for so long and have not been a part to contribute to society ?. Their feelings spilt into three categories which is Standing on the sidelines, Not being anybody, and Feeling worry, those are the phases that they would likely to experience when they are unemployed. Unemployment is concentrated in some areas of the city/country; this could basically depress the whole area and creating a vicious cycle and becomes unemployed could cause psychological stress. When they are unemployed, individual has low self-confidence which causes stress. Moreover, an individual being unemployed will restrict his/her spending on both, needs (food, clothes, other living expenses, etc ) and wants significantly since they are out of work. This can lead to significant difficulties rapidly. An extreme situation would be having no food to eat, no roof to live under along with serious mental and physical illness. Being unemployed can put a lot of pressure on an individual if he/ she is the sold provider for his/her family. There also another consequences that is contributed by unemployment that is discouragement in finding jobs. In conformity with Economic Synopses, the article Accounting for Discouraged Workers in the Unemployment Rates stated ? Discouraged workers, for instance, represent less than 9 % of the unemployed workers and less than six-tenths of 1 % of the labor force. This points out that one of the outcomes from the Great Recession is that workers have been unemployed for a very long time. If they have been out of work even longer and their job skills may no longer match the requirements for new jobs being offered. Also ,as stated by Unemployment and Health: Experiences Narrated by Young Finnish Men, ? The young men reported how their lives were becoming more and more unstructured and, as a consequence, days and nights were blurred together. They had no time schedule to keep. This often resulted in the young men more or less turning the days and nights around because they felt there was no reason to get up in the morning when no one was expecting them. Because unemployed have no purpose to get up everyday because there's no point of doing that unless they have jobs to do, they feel discouraged on finding new jobs and new opportunities for them to be a part of society and become unemployed or discouraged unemployed people. There are always long-term consequences from a problem. One of them are social impact from unemployment. Importantly, poverty is one of the consequence that comes from unemployment. Particularly in rural areas lower castes and marginal social groups are generally poor In consideration, unemployed people have been out of work for a long period of time, they would consider to engage criminal actions such as becoming a thief or a robber or asking for dowry because they don't really have any other options. This would tarnish their image in the society as well besides bringing risk to your life. Also, the phrase ?an idle mind is a devil's mind" means dont be idle or the devil will tempt you into doing something bad. In this situation, it describes when you are unemployed, all sorts of things can come in your mind which includes the possibility of committing suicide. In the study The Social Impact Of Unemployment by Bijou Yang and David Lester, they stated ? An association between unemployed and suicide has two possible microlevel explanations. First, since most suicide are mentally ill, potential suicides may have poor job performance, which may lead to job loss or alternatively, people maybe unable to work because impairment (Dilling and Weyerer, 1980). Second, unemployment may be a cause suicide. The stress of job loss maybe so unbearable that it triggers suicidal behavior. .

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The Effects of Unemployment

Unemployment refers to the condition of being jobless or the proportion of unemployed individuals to the civilian workforce. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, every individual out of employment is not jobless. To be factored in the unemployment rate one does not necessarily be without employment but also they must have actively searched for employment in the last one month. Suppose one is temporarily removed and are waiting to be rehired, they are still legible.However, if one gives up, they are not considered I the unemployment rate. The actual jobless rate is higher if one considers the demoralized individuals. In this paper, I will discuss the effect of unemployment on various aspects of American Society. Unemployment, to be specific sustained unemployment has subtle and obvious influences at the national, communal and individual levels, with families and individuals enduring the burden of psychological, emotional, physical and spiritual effects. Unemployment numbers, so distant and dry to those working, can cause traumatic tallies on the unemployed. Those same numbers drive political and business resolutions that result in a brutal sequence of individual-fulfilling prophecies, employment losses resulting in economic cut downs which in turn result in more employment cutbacks. Unemployment has a direct impact on the economy. It affects both the stability and growth of a nationr's economy. However, the employment rate acts as a lagging factor meaning that it assess the impact of economic activity, like a recession. The rate does not increase until a recession commences. It also indicates that the unemployment rate continues rising despite the recovery of an economy. Employers, therefore, become unwilling to sack employees when economic conditions worsen. In the case of major corporations, it takes longer to execute a layoff strategy. Corporations resist employing individuals until the economy takes a direction towards the development sphere of the economic sequence. For instance, During the 2008 financial crisis, the recession actually started in the first quarter of 2008 when GDP fell 1.8 percent. The unemployment rate didn't reach 5.5 percent until May 2008. It reached its peak of 10.2 percent in October 2009, after the recession had ended. (Griep et al., 2016) Unemployment also has a direct impact on the unemployed individual. In an article form The New York Times on The Enduring Consequences of Unemployment," Mr. Applebaum an economist elaborates that the repercussions of an unemployed person are both long-lasting and grave (Verick, 2009). For instance, individuals who got employed during the extreme early 1980 recession were earning roughly twenty percent lesser than the average twenty years later. Long-lasting repercussions spread to the kith and kin of unemployed individuals also. A research conducted in the US showed that the sons of unemployed guardians earn nine percent less than those of employed guardians with similar and equal skills and knowledge. Someone who is laid off when the unemployment rate is less than 6 percent will lose an average of a year and a half's worth of earnings, (Verick, 2009). Additionally, the more one becomes unemployed the harder it gets for an individual to find a job once again mainly because the employers are cautious of the long period of unemployment and also due to the loss of skill and expertise over time of no practice. In addition to the lack of income, unemployed individuals tend to lose self-respect as well as friends. The social and personal results of unemployment include poverty and hardship, debt, housing stress and homelessness, family breakdowns and tensions, alienation, boredom, stigma and shame, crime, elevated social isolation, erosion of self-esteem and confidence, ill health and the depreciating of work skills. Majority of these costs increase as the unemployment period increases. Unemployed individuals report that being jobless is the worst tragedy that ever happened to them. Basing from a health perspective, unemployment influences the mental, psychological and physical health of the unemployed. Despite the insufficient scientific conclusions on the Great depression, informal facts show that individuals in the early 1930s, when the unemployment toll was at thirty percent, suffered from similar maladies encountered by the currently unemployed people. Anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness are persistent characteristics for many unemployed individuals, especially males (McGee & Thompson, 2015). Self-esteem depreciates, especially in men with no or little family assistance. Medical visits increase, drug use increases and ailments are higher in the unemployed. After being unemployed for 18 months, a person's chance of developing a serious ailment like diabetes or heart trouble increases twofold (Vancea & Utzet, 2016). Children suffer depression since they consume parental negativity and gloom. School absences increase resulting in poor grades. Majority of childrenr's self-esteem and self-awareness are interconnected to their guardianr's feelings of individual worth. When it comes to family, the loss of a breadwinner results into enormous stress, not only on financial grounds but it also causes ancillary reactions such as quarreling among spouses which consequently has grave effects on children. School dropout levels are high in homes with high unemployment rates. Young ones assume mental and emotional and physical characteristics of their stressed guardians (McGee & Thompson, 2015). The weakening of family bonds cannot be relinquished by work-related activities as they do not exist. Resentment, among family members, becomes a long-term issue for the families of unemployed, and ill-treatment especially physical harassment of unemployed males towards their wives and children increases. Social breakdowns, via overloaded social schedules and increasing crime rates, eventually occur, even though the information conflicts among crime levels. The Great Depression Period crime analysis, significantly less detailed than modern analyses, shows that crime increased rapidly among low-income citizens, implying that current relations between crime and poverty possess deeper sociological sources. Apart from financial problems of being unable to provide basic needs, unemployed individuals have to overcome additional frustrations when attempting to fill for employment positions, Medicaid, food stamps and tarmacking in search of jobs (Verick, 2009). Drug abuse increases among the unemployed and their families. Unemployment also bears a significant effect on youth. This is evident in the Great Depression period. The 19th century saw the young adultr's unemployment level hit thirty percent exceeding the countryr's average. Many children could not afford high school education. By 2013, the rate for youth aged sixteen to twenty-four was roughly twice the nationr's average (Verick, 2009). Youthful unemployed individuals do not only experience lost income, but they also miss out on opportunities to grow their set of skills which suppresses their earning capabilities over a period of time. Unemployment among young adults and the youth also creates a breeding environment for gang annexation. In conclusion, it is evident that unemployment does not only affect the unemployed individual, it also affects his family, the community and the nation at large. The effects of unemployment range from ill health, poor financial conditions, and social interaction problems to crime. Work Cited Griep, Y., Kinnunen, U., N?¤tti, J., De Cuyper, N., Mauno, S., M?¤kikangas, A., & De Witte, H. (2016). The effects of unemployment and perceived job insecurity: a comparison of their association with psychological and somatic complaints, self-rated health and life satisfaction. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 89(1), 147-162. McGee, R. E., & Thompson, N. J. (2015, March 19). Unemployment and Depression Among Emerging Adults in 12 States, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12. Vancea, M., & Utzet, M. (2016). How unemployment and precarious employment affect the health of young people: A scoping study on social determinants. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(1), 73-84. Verick, S. (2009). Who is hit hardest during a financial crisis? The vulnerability of young men and women to unemployment in an economic downturn.

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Unemployment and the Government’s Response of Ukraine

Contents

Introduction
Summary Reference:

Introduction

When it comes to corruption, Ukraine ranks 144 out of 177 countries, tying with Nigeria, Iran and the Central African Republic. (9). Ukraine, such a beautiful and rich in its resourcer's country. Economic development in Ukraine stayed unassuming in 2017, at 2.5% for the second year in succession. Destitution stays above pre-emergency levels, however, declined somewhat in 2017 because of the unassuming monetary recuperation and wage development. The unemployment rate in Ukraine (excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the ATO zone) in September 2017 decreased by 2.9% compared to August, or by 8.9 thousand people - to 303 thousand. Ukraine, for the most part, enters the worldwide news cycle when it is the account of the day: autonomy in 1991; the Orange Revolution 10 years prior; the Maidan dissents, early, a year ago; and afterward the contention with Russia. Obviously, what happens when the world isn't viewing is regularly similarly as essential.

Unfortunately, Ukraine since freedom has been an account of too many lost chances and an excessive amount of dissatisfaction; monetary fumble and indifferent changes keeping down development; debasement and government undermining the market economy; and scenes of voter misrepresentation and maltreatment of intensity undermining vote, based system. The examination with numerous different nations in Central and Eastern Europe is striking. Since 1991, Ukraine has had spurts of development, however, has not been capable achieve a point where change really grabbed hold. Ukraine's per capital salary at autonomy was higher than Poland's; in 2013, even before the present emergency ejected, the way of life had fallen in excess of 60 percent behind Poland. Amid this interim, Ukraine went into eight IMF programs, none of which accomplished the target of inciting supported change. (8). Ukraine`s Economic Outlook. Starter GDP information uncovered that the recuperation lost footing in the second from last quarter after development hit a one-and-a-half year high in Q2. A poor execution of the horticultural division because of terrible climate and a weaker outer segment appeared to be predominantly behind the lull”stock fares decelerated to a two-year low in Q3 in the midst of weak worldwide exchange.

On 23 November, the parliament endorsed the 2019 spending plan, a basic advance that will conceivably open USD 3.9 billion in financing from the IMF and help to balance out the economy in the keep running up to general races one year from now. In the interim, on 25 November, Russia seized three Ukrainian military vessels simply off Crimea in the wake of guaranteeing they had entered Russian waters illicitly. This denotes a noteworthy heightening in Russia-Ukraine strains and the first run through the two militaries have come to open clash lately. Accordingly, on 26 November, Ukraine's parliament endorsed the presentation of military law in districts neighboring Russia viable 28 November. In the midst of vocal worries that it may be utilized as a cover to put off March's decision, President Poroshenko consented to confine military law to 30 days rather than the at first arranged 60 days. (6). Ukraine`s Economic Growth. Growth is seen slowing next year as the country faces election-related uncertainties and weaker external demand before it accelerates again in 2020. Domestic demand will remain firmly in the driverr's seat of the expansion in 2019, propped up by solid household consumption amid a tightening labor market and lower inflation, as well as by strong investment activity. `FocusEconomics` panelists see GDP rising 2.8% in 2019, down 0.1 percentage points from last monthr's forecast, and 3.0% in 2020. (6).

Economy. Ukraine and the U.S. economy are likely to remain on center stage for the gold market next NXGPY +0% week, as traders watch to see whether geopolitical tensions lead to more safe-haven demand for the precious metal and as participants continue to gauge how U.S. data is likely to influence Federal Reserve policy-making. (Kitco News). According to Forbs costs at first fell Friday after a hop in April nonfarm payrolls, yet later turned around the course and shut pointedly higher as brokers were annoyed by declining work to advertise interest and in light of battling that happened between Ukrainian powers and ace Russian separatists. The ascent quickened when merchants purchased to cover, or counterbalance, short positions they recently sold. As of the Comex pit settlement, gold for June delivery was at $1,302.90 an ounce, again for the day of $19.50. This left the metal near the 200-day moving average that stood at $1,301.10 around the pit close. July silver was up 50.3 cents to $19.546 an ounce For the week, June gold inched up by $2.10 while July silver eased 17.2 cents (Kitco News). In the Kitco News' week by week gold review, 19 members reacted. Of those, 11 see costs weaker, while four see costs up and four see costs sideways or unaltered. Market members incorporate bullion merchants, venture banks, prospects dealers and specialized diagram examiners.

Accordingly, the Labor Department said nonfarm payrolls rose by 288,000 in April, when expectations were for somewhere in the order of 200,000 to 220,000 new jobs. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate tumbled to 6.3% from 6.7%, the lowest level since September 2008, when expectations were for 6.6%. Further, the employment gains for March and February were revised upwardly by a combined 36,000. The contract traded at $1,286 a minute prior to the jobs data, then quickly plunged to a low for the day of $1,272. But it didnt last long, with the contract right back up to $1,283.90 five minutes and eventually going as high as $1,304.90. (Forbs) A few merchants proposed the market may continue responding to Friday's U.S. employment report one week from now. Something else, the monetary organizer isn't as full as it was for the current week, with the fundamental reports being the Institute for Supply Management's non-fabricating overview Monday, the exchange balance Tuesday, profitability on Wednesday and week after week jobless cases on Thursday. (Kitko news).

Obviously, (there are) geopolitical tensions. Ukraine-Russia hasnt gone away, said Robin Bhar, an analyst with Society General. Thatr's an important factor and the market will continue to focus on that. Kevin Grady, president of Phoenix Futures and Options LLC on the Comex floor, said gold might come under some pressure as traders continue to eyeball the 288,000 rises in nonfarm payrolls ( Forbs). By and by, Grady additionally brought up, points of interest of the report propose the work market probably won't be as blushing as the feature number would show. Specifically, he referred to the proceeded with a decrease in the work showcase investment rate to the most minimal dimension since 1978. Truth be told, he included, this likely could be a piece of why gold has held up regardless of the hop in nonfarm payrolls. (Kitko news). I think the (jobs) numbers are skewed, he said. I think to really get a big picture of what is going on in the economy, you need to look at that participation rate. The governmentr's report said the civilian workforce fell by 806,000 last month, with the labor-market participation rate falling to 62.8%, matching a 35-year low.

Further, Grady reminded, Federal Reserve officials have gone on record as saying they wont necessarily hike interest rates just because the jobless rate has fallen below 6.5%. At one time, that was one of the Fedr's thresholds for keeping short-term rates near zero. Worries about Russia and Ukraine also may have helped offset the impact of the rise in payrolls, Bhar added. I suspect people may be looking at the worsening situation in Ukraine, where there does appear to be some fighting going on in the eastern part, where the Ukrainian government is trying to force out some of the pro-Russian separatists, Bhar said. There has been a flare-up in violence and more intimidation. That could be a factor helping gold (Forbs, Kitko news) Inflation. Consumer prices rose 1.7% month-on-month in October, down slightly from Septemberr's 1.9% increase. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the result was largely driven by higher prices for communication, transport, and clothing and footwear. Inflation accelerated to 9.5% in October, a fourth-month high (September: 8.9%). Meanwhile, annual average inflation continued to fall in October, coming in at a 17-month low of 11.6% (September: 12.1%). FocusEconomics Consensus Forecast panelists expect inflation to end 2019 at 7.9%, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last monthr's forecast.

For 2020, the panel sees year-end inflation easing to 6.7%.( Almanas Stanapedis, Economist). Recent Economic Developments. Economy development got to 3.4% in the primary portion of 2018, however, speculator certainty has been overloaded by deferrals in actualizing key changes and vulnerability identified with the decisions. Development in the primary portion of 2018 was driven by proceeded solid development in local exchange (around 5.8%) and an early farming harvest. Development in assembling and development eased back to under 3% in the primary quarter, indicating shortcomings in financial specialist certainty. Family unit utilization kept on developing quickly by 5.6% in the main quarter because of higher benefits and wages (higher wages in people in general division and furthermore in the private segment as a result of work migration). Growth in assembling and development eased back to under 3% in the principal quarter, indicating shortcomings in speculator certainty. Family unit utilization kept on developing quickly by 5.6% in the main quarter because of higher annuities and wages (higher wages in the general population area and furthermore in the private division as an outcome of work relocation). Development in assembling and development eased back to under 3% in the primary quarter, indicating shortcomings in financial specialist certainty.

Family unit utilization kept on developing quickly by 5.6% in the main quarter because of higher benefits and wages (higher wages in people in general division and furthermore in the private segment as a result of work migration). Growth in assembling and development eased back to under 3% in the principal quarter, indicating shortcomings in speculator certainty. Family unit utilization kept on developing quickly by 5.6% in the main quarter because of higher annuities and wages (higher wages in the general population area and furthermore in the private division as an outcome of work relocation). (4) Unemployment. The unemployment rate in Ukraine (excluding the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the ATO zone) in September 2017 decreased by 2.9% compared to August, or by 8.9 thousand people - to 303 thousand. (Kseniya) In general, unemployment was 1.2% of the able-bodied population of Ukraine. The competition for one vacant place was 4 people. At the same time, the number of recipients of unemployment benefits has decreased by more than 10 thousand people. The average benefit was reduced by 25 hryvnia - up to 2 033 UAH. Some experts expect that before the New Year, the unemployment rate in Ukraine will fall even more due to the revival of economic activity in trade and construction against the backdrop of significant labor migration from Ukraine.

We will remind, earlier the World Bank allocated 20 million hryvnias for implementation in Ukraine in 2017 of the pilot-project Helping Hand, designed to help the unemployed. As the Minister of Social Policy Andrei Reva explained, the essence of the project is the creation of mechanisms for returning the unemployed to the labor market, "who live on welfare, content with the role of the consumer. (Kseniya) The government of Ukraine has also repeatedly reminded that the unemployed are entitled to a subsidy for the payment of utility bills. However, the size of such a subsidy cannot be higher than two subsistence minimums. The Cabinet believes that such changes will help fight the shadow economy. (Kseniya) Labor Policies. Ukraine has an accomplished and talented work power of around 26 million individuals with an almost 100 percent proficiency rate. As of October 2016, the joblessness rate of the populace matured 15-70 (ILO system) found the middle value of 9.2 percent, and the joblessness rate of the number of inhabitants in working-age people (ILO approach) arrived at the midpoint of 9.5 percent, in spite of the fact that joblessness in a few locales, especially in western Ukraine and focal Ukraine, was altogether higher. (3) Wages in Ukraine. Wages in Ukraine stay low by Western benchmarks. In December 2016, the ostensible normal month to month wage expanded by 23.8 percent year-on-year to UAH 6475 (USD240), while the genuine normal wage expanded by 11.6 percent year-on-year amid a similar period. The most astounding wages are customarily in the money related and avionics parts; the least wages are paid to farming and general wellbeing laborers.

As of January 1, 2017, add up to wage unfulfilled obligations in Ukraine remained at UAH 1.79 billion (USD66.33 million), with about 73.7 percent of wage overdue debts amassed in the modern division and 9.9 percent in transportation, stockpiling, postal and dispatch exercises. In excess of 50 percent of the wage unfulfilled obligations were in eastern Ukraine, explicitly in Luhansk (23.0 percent), Donetsk (14.7 percent) and Kharkiv (12.9 percent) locales. A few laborers in the casual division got compensation underneath the set up least. The neediness level rose amid the year from UAH1,330 (USD49) every month to UAH1,399 (USD52) amid the year. As per the 2017 State spending plan, the subsistence level per individual every month from January 1, 2017, is UAH1,544 (USD57), from May 1 - UAH1624 (USD60), and from December 1 - UAH1700 (USD63). (3) Government response. Ukraine has the political will, yet it needs to battle without and out monetary and budgetary emergency. What's more, without precedent for quite a while a political window of chance has opened. The nation has chosen pioneers who are moving toward financial strategy making with reason and responsibility. President Poroshenko and Prime Minister Yatsenyuk are in a state of harmony on the primary financial issues.

What's more, they can approach a more joined political class and overall population, now more prepared to acknowledge transforms they had opposed previously. Be that as it may, since taking office, the legislature has confronted a risky and quickly falling apart financial circumstance. A year ago, sharp yield decay was driven in an extensive measure by the loss of Crimea, the contention in the Donbass, and a profound retreat somewhere else in the Eastern piece of the nation. Therefore, mechanical generation and development, retail deals, and family salary all have fallen. Joblessness is moving toward twofold digits. Following this crumbling, it turned out to be progressively certain that Ukraine's equalization of installments and modification needs were beyond what could be accomplished under the first multi-year remain by concurrence with the IMF. Reacting to the difficulties, the administration set up together a noteworthy change diagram expanding on its current macroeconomic program and broadening its basic change exertion. The IMF has upheld this with another program endorsed by the Executive Board on March 11. (8).

Summary Reference:

1. Title 2017. Article Title. Date Published October 19, 2017. Date Accessed December 02, 2018. URLhttps://www.segodnya.ua/economics/enews/v-ukraine-stalo-menshe-bezrabotnyh-gosstat-1065202.html. Website

2. Title Forbes. Article Title Ukraine, U.S. Economy to Be Focus of Gold Market Near 200-Day Average. Date Published May 02, 2014. Date Accessed December 02, 2018. URLhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/kitconews/2014/05/02/ukraine-u-s-economy-to-be-focus-of-gold-market-near-200-day-average/#70b935506e8b Website.

3. Ukraine - 9.2-Labor Policies & Practices. Website Title. Korea - Distribution and Sales Channels. Date Accessed. December 02, 2018. This information is derived from the State Department's Office of Investment Affairs, Investment Climate Statement. Any questions on the ICS can be directed to EB-ICS-DL@state.gov. URLhttps://www.export.gov/apex/article2?id=Ukraine-Labor-Policies-Practices

4. Title World Bank. Article Title Overview. Date Accessed December 02, 2018. URL https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ukraine/overview Website.

5. TitleEconomy.com. Article Title Understanding Data: Russia and Ukraine - Crimean crisis [UPDATED]. Date Published October 28, 2018. Date Accessed December 02, 2018. URLhttps://www.economy.com/ukraine/unemployment-rate Website.

6. Title FocusEconomics | Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists. Article Title Ukraine Economy - GDP, Inflation, CPI and Interest Rate. Date Accessed December 02, 2018 URL https://www.focuseconomics.com/countries/ukraine Website.

7. Title FocusEconomics | Economic Forecasts from the World's Leading Economists Article Title Ukraine Inflation October 2018. Date Published. November 15, 2018. Date Accessed. December 02, 2018 URL https://www.focuseconomics.com/countries/ukraine/news/inflation/inflation-rises-in-october-0 Website.

8. Title IMF. Article. Title The Case for Supporting Ukrainian Economic Reforms, Remarks by David Lipton, IMF First Deputy Managing Director, delivered at Peterson Institute, April 7, 2015. Date Accessed. December 02, 2018 URLhttps://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2015/09/28/04/53/sp040715. Website.

9. Title Knowledge @ Wharton Article Title Understanding the Outrage in Ukraine. Date Accessed December 02, 2018 URL https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/understanding-outrage-ukraine/ Website

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Technological Unemployment Due to Automation

Automation, historically speaking, has been the processes or procedures performed, in businesses like manufacturing, without aid from people. Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers, and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention (Rifkin 66). As I have learned through my research, automation has impacted the business environment as early as Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin. Concerns over automation and joblessness during the 1950s and early 1960s were strong enough that in 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson empaneled a Blue-Ribbon National Commission on Technology, Automation, and Economic Progress to confront the productivity problem of that period”specifically, the problem that productivity was rising so fast it might outstrip demand for labor (Autor 3). It is believed that one day there will be fewer jobs for humans because of automation. President Johnsonr's commission took the reality of technological disruption as severe enough that it recommended, as one newspaper (The Herald-Post 1966) reported, a guaranteed minimum income for each family and two years of free education in either community or vocational colleges (3). Automation brings an understandable level of anxiety to the workers possibly displaced and to policymakers trying to lead the nation while maintaining a healthy and robust economy. In this paper, I seek to understand and explain why African-Americans should be concerned with the possibilities of technological unemployment due to automation.

Automation is used today in several fields including manufacturing, home, and office. Some major companies in production, like Toyota, use automation to build vehicles. In the home Alphabet, the parent company of Google produces a home thermostat called Nest that allows homeowners to automate their heating and cooling needs. Lastly, Avaya Communications produces network communication systems for the office. All of these companies have experienced increases in productivity as a result of automation.

According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS), in 2016 African-Americans made up 12.3 percent or 19.6 million of the 159.2 total workforces (Rolen). African-Americans hold many different positions in our economy but an overrepresentation of employees in the public sector, federal, state, and local governments. According to the BLS, African-Americans comprise 20 percent of the workforce in the public sector and 7.1 percent of transportation and warehousing, and utilities (Rolen). Because of African-American over-representation in these industries, it is clear there is potential for African-Americans to be greatly impacted by automation in the public sector and the transportation industry. Trucking jobs have been an opportunity for black, Hispanic, and Native American workers, who have faced serious, race-based barriers to entry in other blue collar jobs and are now overrepresented in the industry (Marshall).

Take the transportation industry, for example, Tesla Motor is set to begin production on an electric Semi capable of driving 500 miles on a charge while hauling 80,000 pounds of freight (Marshall). Additionally, the Semi truck is expected to be semi-autonomous, capable of driving itself on highways. When a fully automated semi-truck is thoroughly dispersed into the market, all driving industries could lose up to 300,000 jobs a year (Marshall). In addition to the trucking industry, Frey and Osborne (2013) found that 47% of jobs in the US and 57% of jobs on average in the OECD countries are at risk of automation.

Even education, one of the most labor-intensive sectors, will most likely be significantly impacted by improved user interfaces and algorithms building upon big data. The recent growth in MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) has begun to generate large datasets detailing how students interact on forums, their diligence in completing assignments and viewing lectures, and their ultimate grades (Simonite, 2013; Breslow, et al., 2013).

To my knowledge, I could find no study that quantified the effects of what recent technological progress is likely to mean for the future of employment of African-Americans. I conclude we all should be concerned about the impact of automation on labor. Technologies that are disruptive to their markets are guaranteed to cause some anxiety as we can predict more clearly which industries will be impacted but cannot predict those industries automation may create.

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The Costs of Unemployment

When workers become involuntarily unemployed, there are several costs associated which they will unquestionably have to bear. These could come from the fact that there are certain firm-specific skills that an individual has, thus leading to scarce opportunities for individuals searching for jobs matching their specific skills (Lazear, 2003). Moreover, the costs could be associated with the model proposed by Harris and Holmstrom (1982), in which they stated that the workers have to be assumed to be risk averse and of unknown productivity or capability, meaning, only through experience the employers can really know about an employee’s productivity, and so, in an unemployment context, there is a lack of information regarding this. Furthermore, the costs could also come from large expenses in the process of searching for a new job (Mortensen, 1986). Several other labor market frictions can also be associated with the costs borne by the workers. Owing to the high costs of unemployment present when a worker is involuntarily let go, both the worker and the firm will suffer substantial changes in their behavior. Previous literature found that, for the worker to be willing to bear the risks of unemployment, he or she will require an extra compensation which could take the form of higher wages, better working conditions or several extra benefits. This extra compensation is generally specified as compensating wage differential. Firms must, therefore, compensate the workers ex ante to bear the nontrivial costs of unemployment. More precisely, Abowd and Ashenfelter (1981) presented a model in which they proved that there is a competitive equilibrium wage rate which will vary according to the unemployment risk, concluding that the compensating wage differential varies across industries and is larger the higher the risk. Similarly, Topel (1984) found strong evidence that unemployment insurance (UI) benefits have a significant impact on both wage differences and unemployment. More authors, such as Hamermesh and Wolfe (1990), while approaching it differently, have focused on this same idea that the workers must gain a premium to bear the risk of unemployment. The two authors also found strong evidence that a large percentage of differences in wage differentials (from 14% to 41%) can be attributed to the divergences existing in unemployment risk between industries. Several authors have studied this subject looking at it in different ways, although all of them have reached similar conclusions. The size of the premium mentioned above will be higher, the higher the risk. One can say that an increase in risk can be associated not only with a higher probability of unemployment in a given firm, but also, with an increase in the costs incurred by workers during an unemployment spell, as well as the higher the worker’s degree of risk aversion. A crucial matter for this paper is whether or not these compensating wage differentials, associated to the unemployment risk, affect the firm’s financing decisions. Though, one could look at this in another perspective, i.e., what if an increase in the leverage of the firm has an impact in the unemployment risk? An increase in the financial leverage of a company will have an impact on the company’s probability of entering into financial distress. As previously studied by several authors, Ofek (1993) found that a firm’s response to financial distress has several dimensions, one of which being employee layoffs. Since a company in financial distress usually has to lay off workers so as to be able to meet its debt obligations, this will lead to an increase in the workers’ exposure to lay off risk. Given this, it is reasonable to assume that if a firm raises its levels of leverage, the costs associated with the compensating wage differentials will also increase, owing to the increase in the risk the workers will have to bear. Despite this conclusion, this paper goes the other direction. The aim is therefore to understand what is the impact, if any, the unemployment risk has on the firm’s financing decisions. The trade-off theory, which is the traditional theory of capital structure and the one in which this paper will be focused on, stresses the existence of an optimal level of equity capital and debt. This ideal level between equity and debt can only be achieved by a balance between tax benefits and the costs of financial distress (Kraus and Litzenberger, 1973). In accordance with Myers (1984), a firm following this strategy will have to set an ideal debt-to-value ratio and then continuously move towards the goal. As stated in this theory, the total value of a levered firm will be equal to the total value of an unlevered firm plus the present value of the tax shields the firm will get from debt, less the present value of the costs of financial distress. In other words, the net present value of a debt issue will equal the net present value of the tax shields plus the net present value of the costs of financial distress.

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Impacts Unemployment on the Health and Wellbeing of People

The unemployed person will be thinking of all the problems proceeding no regular incomes. The victim is most likely to be isolated from the surrounding people and community, creating a lesser chance of seeking help and assistance from others. Mental health also leads to depression. Upon all the thinking and worrying, such feelings can create the inability to be at peace or comfort. All these gradually builds up and eventually leads to bad eating habits, drug abuse, and alcohol addicts. Psychologically, it may affect the victim by reducing their thinking ability. Relating to that, he or she can suffer from psychosis which is a major destruction to the persons intellect. On the other end, the negative impacts of unemployment outweigh the positives. The importance of positives impacts of unemployment can influences the good health and wellbeing of an unemployed person logically if the person takes it positively. When a person is unemployed or jobless, he or she will not be rushing to work early in the morning to keep up with traffic as usual but taking long hours of good sleep and body rest satisfyingly. Also able to reduced workload concerns. Moreover, the unemployed person can have managed to spend quality time with family and friends. All these can create space to be on alert and attentive to needs of kids in school, neighbors, and relatives. In this way, that person is increasing the social aspect of his or her life. Furthermore, unemployment also gives enough time to get involved in several activities, for instance, sports, and part taking in exercise to reduced obesity and promote the health, physical fitness and well- being. In spite of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined ?being healthy as, not just the absence of disease but also relates to the social, spiritual and mental dimensions of life. Therefore, when all these are in place, there is a bigger chance of improving health. (Burdo 2018). The result of unemployment clearly locates the importance of education by providing the ability for an unemployed person to successfully navigate for the future re-employment market. In this way, it can be much easier to minimize the time and effort that required to look for a new job. In other ways, the higher levels of education increase the probability of an unemployed person to secure a desirable job that can fix every needs for particular household and partly including community prior to satisfied income. With that understanding, the benefits of higher levels of education can be argued by some workers who categorizes under the higher skills or at top hierarchy regarding the dynamic perspective that the more position pursued by this category reduce downwards price pressure which enabling the lowering of wages while the low skilled job is taking the opposite direction. The concept could be classified as the positive impact of unemployment if chose to consider education as a disadvantage of unemployment. From the economic perspective, increase in the unemployment rate has certain advantages and disadvantages approach that is also affecting the economic growth of a country, which greatly contributes to the positive and negative impacts of health and wellbeing of people. The economic advantages during the event of being unemployed include; reduction of environmental damage, limiting the working pressure calmingly and reducing the power for the demand for higher wages and salaries. Besides, still in the critical stage and misery of unemployment, disadvantages emerged collectively such as; loss of potential output and waste of resources, lower degree in the growth of economic, deteriorate the finance of the government, creating financial problem in homes and business and increase the rate of divorce, crime, health problems morbidity and mortality. Today's generation depends entirely on their economy, therefore, health and economics are related. Focusing on the discussion of unemployment, it is still an adverse circumstance. This situation has been addressed in complex views and different opinions resulted in both, good or bad outcomes. Purposely, this article illustrated the idea of positive and negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of an unemployed person, without being biased. As stated, unemployment can be categorized, differentiated and sorted out but the outcome of economic decline remains the same. However, unemployment remains one of the major ongoing problems in the world today and is yet to be solved. For clear understanding, let us take a look at the interrelationship between the worlds unemployment statistics and health statistics. International Labor Organization World Employment Social Outlook, Trends 2018 stated that there has been an increase in the economic growth. From 3.2 percent which was hitting the last six years to 3.6 percent in 2017. This, however, is the outcome of development and economic expansion relationship between developed countries and other economic activities.

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Reducing Unemployment as a Way of Reducing Crime Rate

Poverty is the mother of crime, these were the words by Magnus Aurelius that I concur too. Crime is a rampant social and economic problem that exists in all countries including the United States. If one was asked to point out even a single state where there is no crime. It would be difficult to point out. However, what remains different are the statistics. There are cities where crimes are so rampant or in certain streets while in others, it is a negligible number. According to a research published by Forbes magazine, Detroit is among the most dangerous cities that exist. Most crimes that happen here are often gang-related ranging from rape, robbery with violence, assault, drugs among other violent crime. St Louis, Atlanta, and Oakland are also part of the list and these high crime rates are due to the high poverty level that is closely linked to unemployment. Over the years, unemployment has been known to be the main cause as to why there are high crime rates in the world. Increased job opportunities as a way of dealing with the increased rate of poverty will eventually lead to a decrease in crime rate. Unemployment refers to the lack of job opportunities for people who are experienced and have looked for jobs without any success. The unemployment rate is a standard measurement that will often be used by researchers to report how prevalent unemployment rate is. It is obtained by dividing people who are unemployed by the number of individuals who are employed. There is never a time when there is full employment although most countries will often try come up with ways to combat unemployment because of the diverse effects it often has on the economy including increased crime rate. It is obvious how the crime rate will often relate to poverty and unemployment. There is often a lot of frustration when it comes to looking for job opportunities and none are available. We live in a society where everything has a monetary value meaning there is a very slim chance that one may survive (Baron, pg. 399-434). With rent to pay, food to buy and catering for oner's personal needs, people often resort in engaging in crime. In the US the unemployment rate varied from state to state. As of 2016, the rate of unemployment ranged from 2.7% in New Hampshire to 6.8 in New Mexico. In 2016, a research established that 5.8% of families include unemployed individual (Heinrich, pg. 52). Children who come from unemployed families are likely to fail. Failing means they are less likely to excel in their career or continue with their education. This results in them turning into rimes as a way of ensuring that they meet their needs. Again we have a link on how unemployment may result in an increased crime rate. More statistics have also shown that when a breadwinner loses a job, families may never recover financially as they can lose up to $140000. In order to ensure these individuals do not turn into criminals, more employment opportunities need to be related in order to ensure that the breadwinners are still able to support their families. In the modern day, unemployment can occur due to retrenchment or over flooding of the market with qualified individual and thus some people are left out. Without a sociological imagination, a person who has been retrenched would feel helpless as if they have no control over their lives and will keep wondering why they were so easily disposable. If someone were to search or apply for a new form of employment, it would prove quite difficult as more companies will also be trying to make cuts in order to be able to save money, thus employment opportunities get to grow scarcer daily. These rejecting may be too much for someone to handle and would eventually lead to the trapped feeling that Wright talked of in his book. The unemployed individual would be able to understand that this is a worldwide issue and many people face these issues. The government often need to play a great role in ensuring that employment opportunities are not scarce and that companies shouldnt lay off people instead create employment opportunities for them (Farrington, pg. 335-356). This can be done through legislation. The government also needs to provide a conducive environment for the businesses to grow. Times the government are largely to blame for their employment rate. They greatly tax these companies and come up with policies that make it hard for companies to grow. They end up collapsing and shutting down increasing unemployment. These retrenched or people who lose their job may decide to engage in criminal activities. Garry Becker was among the first economist to analyze the issue of crime while applying an economic model. In his paper Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach, states that like any other individual, thieves are also rational individuals. And through the illegal activities, they want to maximize their wellbeing (Becker, pg. 13-68). Most people who have employment opportunities have the financial capacity to maximize their wellbeing such as life in a good house, drive good cars and provide a good life to their family. However, those without employment opportunities and still want to lead this life will often have to resort to illegal means. Most of these illegal activities are ways which these people are still able to obtain finances and are at times so much more profitable than other jobs, for example selling drugs. This leads to more people being drawn into engaging in these activities. The risk of being rich is much more worth than being caught and this is why most would rather go to jail. Unemployment will often lead people into desperation points. Not everyone who engages in criminal activity do so because they have a bad heart but some scenarios are as a result of circumstances. When one is not able to cater for their needs it leads them to a point of desperation. Unemployment means there is a likelihood that you may be thrown out of the house due to late payment of rent or that your family will have to go hungry a day or two because there is no money to buy food. This kind of desperation may result in people into stealing or assault in order to survive. The theory of the poor having to steal from the rich. As in the famous 14th century English ballads that starred Robinhood who would steal from the rich and later redistribute to those who had nothing. In the current economy. There is a numerous number of American citizen undergoing economic difficulty. When you are earning zero and you can use a certain means to get the money it is highly likely that you are going to resort to such means. There is often the discussion of opportunity cost when discussing the crime and unemployment. Ehrlich was another economist who continued with Beckerr's work stating that criminals will often be involved with illegal and legal activities. By considering this then one can arrive at several reasons on why unemployment, low wages, and poverty promote high crime rates. However, time spent will dedicate which activity one will dedicate in their lives. This brings up the discussion on how profitable legal activities are. It is often argued that when a potential offender despite having the knowledge that if caught will result in sentencing or punishment, but goes ahead to do it then probably the rewards or whatever he wants to achieve is much greater. Consider a group of thieves who would risk being arrested while robbing a bank as they are assured that they will get millions of dollars. There are other theories that have often disputed the link between crime and unemployment. For a crime to occur there must be offenders and victims. Victims are often the working class and they have some sort of income or business. It is beaus of this that some theorist differs with economies such as Becker. Canto and land are some theorists that believe a decrease in the number of people working who are the victims' manr's that there would be a reduction in the number of crimes happening. If there are more people who are unemployed then the people with no jobs will stay in their homes thus reducing the likelihood of their houses being robbed. Also, high unemployment rate means the country is undergoing recession thus there is little for the thieves to steal. These theories, however, are not really accurate because crime is still likely to occur the only variable that may be seen is the percentage. There has been enough evidence that creating job opportunities is likely to decrease the crime rates. Aside from unemployment leading to poverty, it also creates a lot of free time that may lead one into engaging in illegal activities. The crime rate goes hand in hand with the youth being unable to secure jobs including part-time jobs when they are in their summer break result in deviance among these school going children. Summer jobs are a great aspect of reducing the crime rate. Most cities nowadays are increasing Summer Youth Employment Programs in order to curb increased crime rate in the cities. These programs will often range between 14 to 24 weeks involving the students in high school and college. These jobs are given by both the governmental and non-governmental organizations. The youths are also likely to be involved in violent crimes that may result in their arrest. Providing them with employment opportunities especially when they are home on long summer breaks (Heller, pg. 1219-1223). There are various ways that the government may use in creating employment opportunities including arming people with skills to enable them to start their own businesses. This was evident in research that was done in DRC Congo. A nonprofit organization referred to as Action on Armed Violence offered to equip agricultural skills to men who were likely to engage in illegal activity including joining fighting mercenary. After they underwent the program, most of these people became more interested in the new activity. As long as an individual has the means to earn money or is able to cater for their families then they are likely to engage in criminal activities. Members who join a gang are easily lured into these gangs because they have no employment opportunities. Increasing employment opportunities means we get to reduce the number of people that are recruited to the gang. When there are few people to be recruited into the gang, then this means that the gang will not have the manpower to conduct their criminal activities thus leading to a decline in the criminal activities. There were periods when the United States experienced a decline in criminal gang activity and these periods were seen to be the most productive days. The economy was great and there were many people employed. Although not everyone was employed, every household had someone working and they were thus able to meet their basic needs. The years when the United States experienced a reduced crime rate especially in 1990. However, when the great recession occurred, things took a turn. There was a high unemployment rate as things were not working out for the companies. In 2008, the world economy experienced the worst financial crises to have occurred after the Great Depression, which happened in the 1930s. The crisis began in mid-2007 when the high United States home prices finally turned downwards, and the effect spread quickly to the entire financial sector, as well as other financial markets overseas. The country's largest insurance company, the popular mortgage lender, the entire investment banking industry, the organizations that were given a charter by the federal government to oversee mortgage lending, the largest commercial banks, as well as the largest savings and loan banks were affected greatly. Even though the carnage did not affect the financial sector alone, most of the companies that depended on credit were changed considerably. For instance, the American auto industry that begged for a federal bailout almost got itself at the edge of a deep hole. Additionally, as most banks did not believe that people would pay them back, they stopped making the loans, which most of these companies required for regulating their cash flow, and without these regulations, it would be impossible to do business. During that period, the share value plunged in the entire world, and by 2008, the United States had lost at least 33.8 percent of its value (Palley, pg. 3-17). All these contributed to the high unemployment rate that drove the crime rate up. Sociological imagination can be related to the issue of unemployment through the example of great depression. During this period the majority of Americans were unemployed and poor. This may have seemed like a very personal issue, but the scale was larger as it affected the majority of the people. Mills, however, targets the issue of unemployment as micro and macro situations. He states that In a city of 100,000, only one is unemployed, that is his personal trouble in a nation of 50 million employees, 15 million people are unemployed that is an issue" (Mills). An issue that many people in the social experience. These statistics are a clear indication that unemployment is not a personal issue but a societyr's issues. This is why the government needs to come up with better ways to deal with the crime by creating employment opportunities. Formal jobs, white collar, and blue collar will never be enough for everybody. It is for this reasons the government need to start supporting those who want to be self-employed. This includes giving loans to startup businesses and SMEs. These companies as they grow will create more opportunities creating jobs for several other people who are desperate for employment before they start engaging in illegal activities. More millennials are joining the self-employment wagon which is a good thing. With this pace, it is estimated that the number of self-employed people could double leading to a decrease in the number of unemployed people. Youths are often thought to be the highest number of people affected with unemployment and the bills to pay as well as third studentr's loan at times prompts them into joining gangs or robbing thus increasing criminal activity. With more job opportunities created, then they will have the necessary source of income to cater for their needs without engaging in illegal activities. There are reasons however that the government does not really seem to pay attention to the unemployment rate because more people in the country are employed than unemployed. One may observe that in the country with millions of individuals, then having approximately five hundred people who are unemployed may be less urgent compared to a having an issue where there are five hundred people employed in a society (Kelling, 45-97). The society needs to start however realizing that the unemployed become a menace as they will eventually be drawn to the crime life making the life of everyone quite difficult. No jobs, more crime. More Jobs no crime these are the words that would summarize this essay.

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A Cause and Effect of Unemployment

In this modern globalization, a developed countryr's living standard can be measured by the unemployment rate to determine whether the country going well or poorly. According to the Department of Statistic Malaysia, it mentioned Malaysia has been recorded the unemployment rates among the fresh graduates are in the range of 10% to 12% which is considered as an unmanageable. Secondly, it also mentioned that a fresh graduate who is unemployed if he or she on temporary layoff or waiting for the start date of a new job. In sum, the unemployment rate will under no circumstances be zero because the economy is repeatedly changing. However, the major causes of unemployment among the fresh graduates are because of the insufficient jobs and the personalities in order to bring the effect of the economic growth to the country. First of all, the insufficient jobs are considered as one of the causes occurs the unemployment. The reason is that the number of jobs available in some labour market is not enough to provide everyone who demands a job. For instance, when the salaries would be increased above the equilibrium by the government, the demand of labour which is the firm that wants a labour to work would be decreased while the supply of labour which is the fresh graduates will be increased. Since the higher salaries exist, the demand for labour which is the firm would reduce the variable cost in order to hire fewer fresh graduates but the high supply from the fresh graduates will create the unemployment happened. In consequences, the fresh graduates will suffer the insufficient jobs available thus affect the unemployment rate of the country. Other than that, personalities also consider as one of the causes unemployment occur. This is related to the knowledge and skills of the fresh graduates used to search and switch the jobs that best suit them. For example, the job searching is a process that provides the fresh graduates with a way to look for their jobs based on their knowledge and skills and it also takes time to qualify the fresh graduates so that can be matched with an appropriate job. Moreover, the economy repeatedly changing is also one of the examples because it takes time for fresh graduates to learn the new knowledge and skills in the new sector of the economy. Therefore, personalities of the fresh graduates also playing a very important role in the causes of unemployment. Lastly, the effect of unemployment is affecting the economic growth of the country. This is because economic growth measures based on the price level towards goods and services have been purchased in the economy. For example, when people do not have a job most likely will maintain a low productivity, income and purchasing power eventually they cannot effort the consumption of goods and services. In short, the standard of living in the country will be affected because of the economic growth does not move constantly. As a result, unemployment occurs because of the causes of insufficient jobs and personalities and therefore affects the economic growth of a country. The government must perform these responsibilities by taking the action of organising the campaign of education so that can implement the fresh graduates the ways of generating skills in the labour force or implement subsidy to the firm to develop more job opportunities to the fresh graduates. At that time, the more people educated or more job opportunities in the economy have, the unemployment rate among the fresh graduates will be decreased immediately. In my opinion, if all these approaches can be implemented by the government, the country will surely accomplish the goals of full employment of fresh graduates and the good economic growth of a country.

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Unemployment has Negative Effects on Society

The most significant challenge that my nation face is the youth unemployment, these past years there has been high rate of unemployment in Kurdistan region of Iraq which led to social and economic issues in the community as a whole. It causes direct effect on the growth of the financial system. The government lack of resources or plan to deal with the problem became a factor that the rate increased so the people had look for other alternate to secure works like the Private sectors but they only hire a steady number of employers unfortunately it could not solve the high demand of jobs and Most importantly higher standard of recruitment could not be achieved by graduates because the system cannot provide the obligation and experience that is require from cooperation. The recent increase has led to crime rates rise as people are unable to meet their needs through work which one case that stuck to my head was one father could not afford Milk and diaper to his child so he stole them but in ended getting a heavy sentence, the social issues like Divorce rates has been increase and the rate of homelessness rises which once a while I see reports on my local news channels like the most recent case that happened on November in my city Sulaymaniyah which family of four members could not afford rent are now living in tent in the street (NRT Report 18/11/2018). There has been a lot situation but the most personal to me came when my older sister graduated could not land a job in Government or Private sectors all the qualification was high and require work experience, she even could not get internships or volunteering because they did not provide these sort of chances and I saw her going through the most despairing stage and negative effect had on our family but after so many years of trying hard she would able to get a job in a different city. There are serval causes for unemployment today, one major factor was the ISIS war happening in the area in addition our economy heavily relies on oil which the other sectors left unimproved. In conclusion unemployment create negative effects on society in term of social and country development so first the government need acknowledge on the issue and start immediate action to make new policies and expand capital projects like new roads, constructions of new major infrastructural projects which can become a platform in creation of more jobs to income generation and the future ones. Government should take proper steps in investment decisions and improve the current sectors, crucially give proper recruitment, training and development to increase the capabilities of employees as result to enhance their skills and shows great performance. It is on individual responsibility to initiation to reducing unemployment because we have to take steps to overcome this problem. An individual has to increase their capabilities and participate in proper counseling and training sessions to improve their performance levels and their skills. It is necessary to take care of their health mentally and physically. Personally the most important thing I could do which is to address the issue in every way possible and support people that are needed encouragement also give professional help if I can on their perspective career.

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Root Causes of Unemployment Among College Graduate

Higher study plays a centric position in the direction of an individual's expert life. Many human beings are about the view as the position about university lesson is in accordance with basically facilitate a graduate's action looking endeavours. Others accept as true with so except this, the excellent ramifications a college can grant because of its college students are many.

Firstly, that is colorful to that amount the primal objective on any university is in conformity with prize a successful postulant together with a professional degree. Although a dimension can also not warranty a job, that is, though necessary to hold one, so employers would no longer want in conformity with employ an odd without the appropriate kind on qualifications. Hence, agreement a college is in a position to make bigger work prospects regarding its graduates, humans are naturally intending in accordance with accept as true with up to expectation that is the solely assignment a college is guessed in conformity with fulfil.

On the mean hand, many believe up to expectation a degree is simply certain about the many advantages a college execute offer. Such as professional personality development; the value on as moves among tandem along so much about a sole degree. Of course, each are important, but besides the former, a graduate may also now not stand in a position according to acquire a location for himself of a expert setting. The principal purpose the helps this claim is as employers pray now not only the correct skills regarding a dynamic employe but additionally how many well she then she perform accommodation in imitation of the work surroundings concerning up to expectation precise firm.

Having analysed both views, it appears so much besides supporting the graduates according to find higher jobs, a college do slave a whole lot more than that, such as instilling professional attitudes among the graduates that perform facilitate not only theirs labor potentialities however also edit them contribute closer to the welfare concerning the typical society. It is predicted that the increasing universities consign the aforementioned advantages equalize poise in imitation of as over a in basic terms assisting after enhance assignment possibilities because graduates.

[ Written by way of - Hassan Ali ]

Sample Answer 2:

Many humans hold argued in regard to the characteristic over college study. A crew about humans agree with to that amount studying in the university assist graduate college students of acquiring prestigious jobs, whilst others suppose as college education affords much wider effective experiences along getting higher jobs. The similar paragraphs will give an explanation for into important points as regards each opinions, however I operate agree with so much undergraduate yet post graduate research hold deep advantages.

On the some hand, such is a truth to that amount one over the objectives over university instruction is to aid the graduates in obtaining better jobs. Institutions are hoping so much the curriculum, application yet tutorial sessions so are organized or employ via to them would be useful for their graduate students into the workplace. Besides that, secure sorts about tremendously paid jobs require the candidacy in conformity with stand tremendously educated then bear a college degree. For example, to become an external auditor between some about the huge 4 international accounting corporations such as Price Water House Coopers, the candidature should have a clay modeller quantity in accounting then obtained licensed populace accountant certificate. Since that is a obligatory requirement, deep on the younger human beings have enrolled within the university in rule after be brought so much pick and prestigious job. Therefore a brush concerning people believe that the important cause regarding studying among college stage is to arrive better jobs.

On the sordid hand, every other crew about people trust to that amount college learning affords lousy sorts of high quality experiences because college students themselves and communities as like well. Firstly, by means of analyzing within the university, college students would bear greater friends, because dense universities are accepting students out of a variety of regional areas or incomplete even beyond overseas. Therefore, college students would bear the hazard within increasing theirs networks yet study new languages then cultures so well. Secondly, analyzing between the university also bring advantages for the neighborhood and society. University offers more than a few types over fine things to do because of their students which are also useful because the neighbourhood. For example, many medicine schools offer fair remedy consultation because the bad humans anybody live in the inclosure place who is carried out by means of their students.

In conclusion, incomplete humans accept as true with up to expectation college lesson brings a lot wider benefits for the students except getting better-paid jobs, however others jar with it. In my point on view, I operate heed up to expectation the goal regarding studying among the college ought to no longer lie only because of getting jobs, but additionally because networking or socialising so well.

[ Written through - Darwin Lesmana ]

Sample Answer 3:

Today, education has come to be the fundamental portion on our life. People are opting because greater yet greater qualifications these days consequently so much they perform get higher jobs into future. Along together with higher assignment prospectives, at that place are also other advantages over acquiring university education. In it essay, I pleasure discuss some on them.

Knowledge & learning assist individual shape his future or makes him the revered man or woman among the society. Gaining university quantity now not only provides the individual including the opportunity in conformity with acquire more, but additionally increases his/her virtue of the society. The individual turns into each socially then economically an perfect burgher as as of late the class demands. S/he good points self-confidence, a higher persona which is suited within the society.

Education between configuration institutes kind of faculties and universities presents a pupil to increase his/her horizon regarding capabilities then experience. S/he can study about diverse cultures, manner and ignoble vital components regarding life.

Furthermore, assignation into the university applications increases the person's appreciation then knowledge; thereby, making him/her greater environment friendly within his work yet building a strong career. For example, a university graduate has higher ideas in imitation of lead a organisation efficiently or this characteristic be able impress his employer and government in accordance with his advertising within future. Higher instruction additionally leads in conformity with a healthy lifestyle. Educated people are greater mindful respecting their fitness than the uneducated one. Last however no longer the least, obtaining a university rate raises the individual's fame a footsie higher.

To conclude, my choice surely is among the favour of acquiring higher research in accordance with construct on a excellent career as well as like according to form the individual's persona as is additionally auspicious for the betterment on the society.

[ Written by means of - Fatema Bohari ]

Sample Answer 4:

The position up to expectation university lesson plays in a person’s lifestyles yet in class is hourly a debated topic. Some expostulate as the principal reason concerning university study is after enable graduates according to coast better jobs, whilst others moot that college education has a wider organize about advantages for each persons or society. Both facets on that bandy desire stay analysed into that dissertation before a reasoned completion is drawn.

On the one hand, some agree with that tertiary study has best respect of assisting graduates finding moneymaking jobs. For example, after act audit in the UK, a person has received in conformity with hold a certification awarded by some concerning the acknowledged professional our bodies certain as much the ACCA. Without a rate from such an institute, that would stand not possible after be devoted of the occupation over auditing. Thus, such is explicit from what it point of argue has garnered support.

On the vile hand, deep opine so college study has a much wider position in imitation of move into each the person’s life or among society. For instance, dense British universities hold blanketed custom as much a obligatory concern into entire regarding theirs courses. As a result, college graduates are likely in accordance with be savvy of their ethical duties and for this reason perform acquittal to them between a better way. Hence, it is manifest in which way dense humans support this stance.

Although each sides over that reason bear indisputable virtues, however, such is felt to that amount higher study performs a much greater vast role than merely helping the graduates within finding higher employment. It is hoped so much discipline will continue in conformity with refine the characters over each the folks or the international locations in advent decades.

[ Written by means of - Sameed Qureshi ]

Sample Answer 5:

A team regarding human beings assume so much the primary reason on university studies is in imitation of assist theirs students in getting a higher career. Others conflict together with the opinion, as they accept as true with to that amount undergraduate research relinquish greater benefits for theirs graduates without higher jobs. The consequent essay pleasure discuss the both views into details.

On the certain hand, deep humans trust so much the major aim on college studies to be brought a better job. This notion has been usually commonly used by the public, namely many groups are only hiring people anybody have mated sure degrees. For example, that is common up to expectation multinational fat businesses such namely Shell, Chevron and Caltex pleasure only recruit instant staffs whichever have learnt their son degree, while those any bear no stages wish only remain hired as like standard labours into small factories. As a consequence, deep college college students solely focus over their academic research and operate no longer take part into some extracurricular activities, namely that trust so those applications are now not important.

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A Life Experience in the Novel of Mice and Men

No matter where you live or the type of life you lead, everyone undergoes through basic emotions and events that signify the human experience. John Steinbeck, the author of theaward winning novel, Of Mice and Men manages to touch on a majority of the factors that characterize society for what it is. What is disguised as a simple tale about two economically unstable blue-collar workers with a dream, actually depicts themesthings such as friendship, ambitions, lust, innocence, isolation, and violence through symbolism and figurative language. Although all these are key concepts of the novel oppression is the major one that each character has to deal with on their own. Oppression is the unjust treatment of a person, and it comes in many forms all of which are explored in the book. Oppression is mostly linked to their economic state, size, race, gender, and power. The question of who is most powerful out of the characters in this book is debatable based on what characteristic of a person is considered most important. Furthermore, since the perspective of each person is so different, they all have different thoughts on who holds power therefore there is not a complete dominant force. For example, Curley values physical strength so to him Lenny holds the most power even though he doesnt admit it, and Lennie values the farm so to him George hold the most power because he is the one who tells him the stories of it. Although these differences in morale and values are true, everyone is fixed on achieving economic stability in one way or another. They all work for Curleyr's father so even though he doesnt control the workers, he receives the outmost respect. In conclusion, each character experiences oppression based on their unfitting qualities to the standards of society, thus financial status being the only way to gain respect and power, making Curly the most powerful due to his familyr's wealth and his lifestyle. A sense of individuality and being able to express and live freely wasnt a very well established philosophy in the time the book takes place. The story occurs in the nineteen-thirties, before protest and activism among minorities managed to make a big change in the lives of the people. Things such as segregation, racism, and extreme prejudice had not yet been outlawed and for our low-income, disabled, and minority characters, this was a big issue. This can be seen in the way Curleyr's wife is treated. Her name is never mentioned in the book however, the characters have no problem giving her names and labels. At the time, women were seen as inferior and only good for marriage, housework, and sex. The male characters converse about prostitution and how much of a trouble Curleyr's wife is. Women were objectified yet seen as promiscuous and worthless when they expressed their sexuality. This is when George says Well, I think Curleyr's married a tart (pg.28), and Jesus, what a tramp (pg.32). Even though things they say about her could have some true, they treat her badly because of it, and the double standard works against her. The biggest victim of oppression in the novel is Crooks, a black worker who is formed to live in separation from the other characters due to the amount of melanin of his skin. He longs for a sense of acceptance amongst the workers, but has has been kicked to the curb so frequently, he perceives kindness as ridicule. While telling a story that involves Crook, Candy uses offensive terms to describe him when he says, They let the nigger come in that night. The nineteen-thirties were times where minorities like women and people of color were openly oppressed as seen in the novel. Everyone is yearning for economic freedom and independence in the book. This is especially true because the book takes place during The Great Depression, a huge economic crisis affecting a great quantity of nations from all over the world. This left countries such as the United States with fewer businesses, low trade, increasing inflation rates, and whopping unemployment rates. This was traumatizing for the pockets of blue-collar workers coming from poor backgrounds. The farm workers were tired of spending their days in tireless labor in pursuit of their own dreams, which of course were very hard to achieve seeing the situation they were stuck in. When Lennie and Candy enter Crooksr'sCrookr's room to tell him about how one day they plan to own a farm, Crook bluntly responded with; You guys is just kiddin yourself. Youll talk about it hell of a lot, but you wont get no land Hell, I seen too many guys. Lenny herell quit an be on the road in two, three weeks. Seems like ever guy got land in his head (pg.37). People from the United States are known to be hard-working folk, chasing after what is known as the American Dream. In this evidence from the novel we see pessimism and doubt, which is most likely due to the political circumstances impacting their financial welfare. The characters in the book acknowledge that living a wealthy life where money is not a thing you constantly worry about is nearly impossible to achieve as low-class farm workers, yet it is what they want most. They have a sense of respect and admiration for those who have money, whether or not itr's done consciously, and thats what makes it so powerful. The wealthy are a representation of the workerr's ambitions and dreams so they hold the most power and respect. The character with the outmost dominance is the boss son, Curley. Although the boss is the one who takes ownership of the farm, he is rarely mentioned in the novel and he doesnt play a crucial role in the bookr's storyline. As a result, Curley becomes the most powerful character being the son of the boss and having the ability to impact the worker's jobs. Moreover, traits such as his quick temper and physical strength due to boxing subconsciously aide him in asserting control over others. This is why when Lennie kills Curleyr's wife, George has no option but to do what Curley says, seeing that he hold the most power and is the most threatening. On the other side of the spectrum, Lennie is most likely the character with the least amount of power in the entire book. Although, he has an enormous amount of physical strength, his mental capacity will not allow him to use that in his favor. Adding on, he is also a low-income farmer and he has the lowest IQ out of all the characters. Lennie has a mental disability that is not described in the text, but is shown through his bad memory, extreme need to please George, childlike demeanor, and his causing harm without awareness of it. This makes Lennie more vulnerable to being tricked and taken advantage of, and as George states Jus tell Lennie what to do an hell do it if it dont take no figuring. He cant think of nothing to do himself , but he sure can take orders. Furthermore, he doesnt have the intelligence to obtain and maintain control over a situation let alone people. All in all, of mice and men was a carefully written tale containing many layers and depths to its meaning. It uses symbolism to explain fears and doubts society is known for having, and uses clear foreshadowing to strengthen its plot. In one instance, it was done by hinting that something bad will happen to Lenny at the start of the novel when George tells Lenny to go to the bush bear their campsite if anything goes wrong. The book descriptively demonstrates outcasts of society being wrongfully sentenced to a life of oppression, the thirst for riches because it is perceived to be the key to respect and power, and lastly it shows clear contrast between the most powerful character (Curley), and the least (Lenny). This book shows the hard truth of what society was liken the thirties, which was a controversial thing to publish back then, and it is still relevant today. No matter the day and age, the level of humanity and experiences of these characters will continue to live in everyone as these are the same experiences that shape us into the people we become.

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A Theme of Loneliness in the Novell of Mice and Men

"A guy goes nuts if he ain't got nobody. Don't matter no difference who the guy is, long's he's with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an' he gets sick." A major theme in Steinbeck's novell Of Mice and Men is loneliness. The characters Crooks, Candy and Curley's wife each suffer from this although the severity of their seclusion varied.The old swapper, Candy was victimized by isolation as a result of two main factors, one being his disability and the other being his age. For example, throughout the book we find the farmhands out bucking the barley while Candy is left behind to sweep and clean the ranch. He lost his hand after getting it caught in a piece of machinery and as a result he is forced to stay behind. This being one of the major factors that leads to his loneliness. Furthermore, Candy's age adds to his feeling of uselessness. Because he thinks that he is old he puts himself in a state of mind that handicaps him more than his missing hand ever will. He looks down on himself as an old worthless man that's wasting away his last few years. Not only is it the way that others think of him but also the way he thinks of himself that forces him to find solitude. The most evident case of loneliness is Curley's wife. No matter how hard she tried she couldn't fit in. For example, when she tried numerous times to talk to George and Lenny she was either ignored or told to leave. Because of her reputation for being a flirt none of the farmhands wanted to talk to her. It was the threat of getting in trouble with Curley that caused many workers to avoid her. In addition, because of Curley's insecure feelings he neglected her and forced her to seek attention anyway she could, even it meant flirting. She was ignored by both the farmhands and her own husband and because of this she was being forced into loneliness, the one thing she fought so hard against.Crooks is a black man that experiences isolation in terms of racism. For example, he is forced to live alone in the barn. Because the setting of this book takes place during the 1930's discrimination sadly still existed. The farmhands feel that since he is black he isn't worthy of living with the rest of them. Furthermore, his separation from others causes his severe loneliness. He spends his nights reading and his days alone in the barn working on the horses. His distance from others eventually causes his downfall. We find discrimination being the major cause of this characters loneliness. He is treated as an outcast and underling and is forced to find friendship in the only thing he can, the books he reads.Loneliness is an inevitable fact of life that not even the strongest can avoid. Throughout the story Of Mice and Men we discover the many sources of solitude, primarily being discrimination and prejudice. Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all suffer from these facts which leads them to their loneliness. As for the consequences we find that the severity of each characters loneliness varied and that the eventual effects were directly related to the magnitude of their desolation.

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The Novel of Mice and Men and the Great Depression

John Earnest Steinbeckr's Of Mice and Men is a widely read period piece from the Great Depression. The bleak themes, while not entirely accurate to Steinbeckr's life, are a spectacular example of the mind of America as a whole at the time. Steinbeck wrote a menagerie of literature placed during the Great Depression. For many readers, Of Mice and Men is the first taste of this literary movement. While it is unlikely Steinbeck could have known this at the time, his writing, on occasion, certainly makes it seem like he did.

John Steinbeck was born to a modestly well off family. His father worked plenty of different jobs and his mother was a teacher. From a young age, he enjoyed being outdoors. He particularly enjoyed the Salinas Valley. This came to mold much of the descriptive passages in his writing. In 1919, Steinbeck enrolled at Stanford University and he left the college in 1925, still with no degree. He travelled to New York and worked quite a few different jobs while writing on the side. Some (less reliable) sources say he was a manual laborer, and while he did work in construction, the term manual labor often brings different jobs to mind, particularly when one is speaking of the Great Depression. While Steinbeck was clearly influenced by his home town of Salinas, his other influences are a bit more nuanced one could say the bleak style of his writing came from living in the Great Depression, or one could say it stemmed from believing his work would never be published.

The protagonist of Of Mice and Men is one George Milton. He and his partner, Lennie Smalls, are migrant workers. They had been run out of their previous town because of something Lennie did. George and Lennie squabble over a dead mouse, lay out their plans for the next morning, and end the day with George telling Lennie what theyll do when they have enough money for their very own farm. The next day, George and Lennie go to the new ranch. They meet the other characters who work at the farm. They get on well with Slim and Candy. Curly is immediately introduced as a troublemaker.The bond between George and Lennie seems to be confusing for most on the ranch. Curleyr's flirtatious wife appears and flirts with them. George, warns Lennie to stay away from her. Carlson shoots Candyr's dog. Candy overhears Lennie and George talking about their wishes to get their own farm and wants to join in on the plan. Things appear to be going well, but eventually Lennie kills a puppy and Curleyr's wife. He doesnt know his own strength. He goes back to the brush to wait for George. And George, out of mercy, shoots Lennie in the back of the head.

In Of Mice and Men the readers are introduced immediately to the scenery, then, secondarily they are introduced to the main characters. It is the first example into a recurring theme that the land shapes the people living on it.

Works Cited

"John Steinbeck." EXPLORING Novels, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context, Accessed 30 Nov. 2018.

Lisca, Peter. "Motif and Pattern in Of Mice and Men." EXPLORING Novels, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context, Accessed 30 Nov. 2018.

"Of Mice and Men." Novels for Students, edited by Diane Telgen, vol. 1, Gale, 1997, pp. 240-262. Gale Virtual Reference Library, Accessed 30 Nov. 2018.

Owens, Louis. "John Steinbeck." DISCovering Authors, Gale, 2003. Student Resources in Context, Accessed 30 Nov. 2018.

Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men ; Cannery Row. Penguin, 1987.

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Loyalty and Friendship in the Novel of Mice and Men

Loyalty and friendship, which is to me the same, created all the wealth that Ive ever thought Id have. - Ernie Banks. Friends get us through rough times, providing support and understanding when no one else can. Throughout Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a character named Lennie makes many mistakes. He has almost no one on his side, except for George. George is Lennier's only true loyal friend. Everyone experiences loneliness in their life at one time or another, and a loyal friend can be a haven in this heartless world.

George shows his loyalty to Lennie on almost every page, especially when Lennie does horrible things. In the beginning of the story, the two men are running from their past after Lennie gets them into trouble. Lennie has the mind of a younger child, so he makes many mistakes. George protects and cares for Lennie. He reaches out to feel this red dress an the girl lets out a squawk...that girl rabbits in an tells the law she been raped...So we sit in an irrigation ditch under water all the rest of that day. (Steinbeck, 41-42). George risks his life and future helping Lennie stay out of trouble. He protects him even when he makes mistakes. Later in the story, Curley gets into a fight with Lennie. Lennie doesnt throw any punches back, though, until George instructs him to do so: Get him, Lennie! The next minute, Curley was flopping like a fish on a line and his closed fist was lost in Lennier's big hand. (Steinbeck, 63).

After this incident, George still sticks by him. He has the other men cover for Lennie, saying Curley got his hand stuck in a machine. Lennie then makes one of the biggest mistakes of his life, killing Curleyr's wife. She and him are speaking in the barn casually until she makes him angry. George later finds Candy and her body. George was a long time in answering. We cant let him get away, poor bastardd starve...I aint gonna let them hurt Lennie. (Steinbeck, 94-95).

Lennie murders a woman, and the other workers want to torture him for his crime. Lennie almost gets in trouble with the law as well and assaults the man he works for. George is there for Lennie every single time he messes up, staying loyal to Lennie. Most friends would leave after the first mistake, but not George. Without George, Lennie could be in an awful place. Plus, George provides Lennie with someone to talk to who will actually listen and understand.

People make mistakes in their lives, and honest, devoted friends are the ones that will be there for you in the worst times. This is extremely important to have in such a heartless world. George knows Lennie better than anyone on that ranch, and always listens to Lennie. He sticks by him even though he knows he could have a better life without Lennie tagging along, getting them in trouble. He does awful things such as hurting a girl, assaulting a man, and even murder. George helps him through everything, being the most faithful friend a person could ask for. George knows and loves Lennie and would never let anything happen to him. In this cruel world, everyone needs a shoulder to cry on and a faithful friend who will help you through it all.

Works Cited

Ernie Banks quote - Brainy Quotes (https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/ernie_banks) Quotes from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

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What is the Basic Plot of Mice and Men?

Of Mice and Men is a book written by John Steinbeck. He was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. Steinbeck published this novel in 1937. It is about two men and their brawl to reach their dreams of owning their own ranch. This story takes place at a farming ranch in Soledad, a town southeast of Salinas. It was written during the time of the Great Depression in the 1930r's. Animals are shown by symbolism throughout the story. They play an important role. They also allow us to discover important characters and their traits. The first mouse that is discovered in the novel is the dead on Lennie kept in his pocket to pet. It shows how Lennie doesnt care much about death as long as he feels delighted. The mouse is a source of comfort for Lennie, because he is unable to pet rabbits. When he kills it, Lennier's problem is noticeable, killing what he loves. The mouse if weak and impotent, like Lennie would be helpless if he didnt have George. The book Of Mice and Men is written is third person omniscient along with being in present tense. The whole entire book is written in third person omniscient. One of John Steinbeckr's achievements for writing in third person was that he always knows what is going on with every character through the entire book. Along with this, another achievement of his was that he can write in this point of view without telling us what the characters thoughts are. Having written Of Mice and Men in third person helped make the book what it has become. If John Steinbeck would had written the book in any other point of view it would had completely changed the book. In Of Mice and Men there are several main characters with the first being George. George is a scrawny guy in his late thirties, early forties that is a caretaker for Lennie. George is a good guy that is always there for Lennie no matter what. George is a mature guy that likes to talk about what his life would be like if he didnt have to deal with Lennie, but George doesnt really mean what he says about Lennie. George has a pretty dull personality most of the time, although, he does like to cut up a little bit when he drinks. When George says, Hell no. He just scared her. I'd be scared too, if he grabbed me. But he never hurt her. He jus wanted to touch that red dress, like he wants to pet them puppies all the time." (page 42) This quote shows that George cares for and is protecting Lennie so that he doesnt get in trouble. Along with George, is his sidekick, Lennie. Lennie is built like a lumberjack. He is tall, stout and very strong, but can be too strong at times. Lennie has a great imagination, which he uses to describe what his and Georger's farm is going to look like when they get enough money to buy one. Lennie is a soft guy that likes to take care of animals and people, but his strength can be to much and he ends up hurting them. "If you don't want me I can go off in the hills an' find a cave. I can go away any time." (page 104) George had gotten mad at Lennie and said something that made Lennier's delicate mind think that he wasnt wanted. Another main character is Curley. Curley is the bosses son. Curley is a small man that thinks he is bigger than what he actually is. Most of the field workers wear flat soled boots, where as, Curley wears high-heeled boots so that he is distinguished. Curley is hot headed and has an aggressive attitude. He also has a pretty, flirtatious wife that he gets jealous of when she is around other men. "You the new guys the old man was waitin for?" When Curley says this it makes him seem like he thinks he runs the show around the farm, which shows that he thinks he is better than what he really is. Then you have Candy which has been working on the farm for numerous years. Candy is getting old and doesnt know what the future is going to lead to with him being so old. Candy is an innocent man who extremely caring for his best-friend, his dog, that smells awful. He wants to join George and Lennie with their farm. Candy says that he will put his life savings into as long as he can stay. Candy is a good man that doesnt have a real future. "I'd make a will an' leave my share to you guys in case I kick off, 'cause I ain't got no relatives or nothing ". This shows that Candy is really dedicated to George and Lennier's farm. One of the most perceptible themes in the novel is dreams. It provides the characters with meaning and motive, specifically, George and Lennie, and eventually Candy. They once dreamed that one day they will buy their own land where Lennie can tend to rabbits, George can live peacefully, and they can also live independently off of the land. Candy, unlike Crooks and Curleyr's wife, believes their dream can become true and see hope arise from this forlorn character. Through this, it becomes evident that the dreams form the foundation of a worth-living life. Candy, once thought to be as old and as hopeless as his dog. This reveals excitement and passion. Dreams can be a beautiful thing, but for Curleyr's wife, it led her to a life of misery. Sometimes having certain dreams allows you to be too na??ve and this is what occurred in her case. She was so desperate to escape her old life and achieve her dreams that she became gullible and found herself caught in a tactic. The significance of the title comes from the mouse and the people in the story. No matter what you do in life, everything comes to an end. With this being said the thoughts and actions that you make in life ought to be well thought out so life doesnt come to an end quicker than it has to. There wasnt much the mouse could had really done to prevent from dying, but humans can do a lot more.

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The Impact of Peer Pressure in Adolescents and how to Cope with it

Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those whose behavior is affected in their given circumstance. It basically focuses on the mental or behavioral characteristics of an individual or group. In other words, psychology analyzes the mind and behavior of individuals and groups and it plays a role in how people react or interpret a particular field of information or activity. In essence, psychology is used to analyze and explain important matters in the mental and behavior state of mind of the lives of people, communities, and the world. In every society, there’s many public issues that needs to be address and how we go about them is what makes a difference. The purpose of this research paper is to understand how peer pressure and other related issues affect people like children, adolescents and how it associates with their academic endeavors and stress.

Peer pressure is something that can affect people in many ways and can even bring them down to a negative state of mind. That is why it is important for people to be able to manage stress and know different methods on how to deal with it and go about it despite facing social pressures. It can range from the type of personality an individual has and how it can play a role in their daily lives. According to chapter eight from the book by Branscombe and Baron, Social Psychology, it states that, “In more contemporary times, personality has come to mean a conglomeration of several characteristics – behaviors, expressions, moods and feelings – that are perceived by others. The complexity of one’s personality is thought to be shaped by genetic factors, family dynamics, social influences, and a wealth of personal experiences” (Branscombe and Baron, pg. 261). Meaning, the way individuals’ personalities are shaped is based on a number of factors such as one’s biological nature, family makeup, social elements, and past experiences. This can affect an individual’s personality in terms of how they react to their genetic makeup, household influence, social standards and past experiences.

According to chapter 10 from the book by Branscombe and Baron, Social Psychology, it states` that, Provocation is one of the elements in “The Role of Emotions in Aggression”. For instance, someone having a bad day due to the fact their marriage ended, can be in an aggressive state of mind at work, if they fail to control their emotions. However, if that individual is able to control his emotions, he would be functional at work and no one would be able to tell he or she is going through a divorce. It is important for people to be able to control their emotions as there is a time and place for them and allowing them to take over can bring consequences to people (Branscmbe and Baron pg332-33).

Another interesting fact mentioned in the chapter is that, “Many health-related problems are thought to be directly tied to our inability to recognize and appropriately express our emotions. Meaning, as humans it is natural for us to experience stress but how we interpret it, is what determines how we would go about it when expressing it. For example, a student stressing a final exam can feel anger, which would probably cause him to take his anger out on his instructor as a form of outlet due to the stress their feeling. Or fear, which would most likely cause him to miss class the day of the exam in order to avoid facing the exam. Anger and fear are known to be two sides of the “same coin” and are emotions that caused by a stimuli apparent to be a danger at a physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual level, or possibly a mix of these. Both of these emotions are associated with stress response and it's important for people to be mindful of them in order to add to their stress or placing themselves into an inconvenient circumstance. People who can’t control their emotions or ventilate it correctly are categorized as one of the following: somatizer, self-punisher, exploder, or under handler. These emotions happen to be survival emotions, as it connects to Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest. Anger results to fighting in order to “survive” and fear triggers the “flight response”.

When individuals go through stress it isn't something that happens to people during bad times only, but can occur during good times as well. For example, a high school student that is anticipating graduation but is fearful they may not meet the requirements. However, once confirmed they are graduating, they can be overjoyed to the point that the stress hormone oxytocin in their brain can take effect. Based on chapter six from the book Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-Being, by Brian Luke Seaward it states that, “... there is another emotion associated with stress: joy and happiness, also known in stress circles as eustress. The emerging field of positive psychology has placed joy and happiness as a big X on the psychological treasure map” (Seaward, pg. 141). Meaning, stress isn't only composed of anger and fear. Joy and happiness is viewed as the positive aspects of stress and are better identified as eustress. “… the pursuit of happiness is a hot commodity in the age of twenty-first century stress” (Seaward, pg. 141). The rise of positive psychology has placed a lot of emphasis on joy and happiness in order for individuals to obtain an emotional balance in their life.

Based on a journal article called, “Mindfulness, Quality of Life, and Severity of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients with Schizophrenia and Patients with Major Depressive Disorder” by Rayan and Ahmad Hussein Rateb, it provides a definition for mindfulness. It states that, “Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in a nonjudgmental manner to one's emotions, thoughts, and bodily sensations in the present moment, with maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness and acceptance of what is going on in the surrounding environment…” (Rayan & A. H. R., 2017). This quote from the article defines someone who is in control of their emotions and unaffected by inside forces, while at the same time, they are behavior is not affected by outside forces. They instead observe the situation and act accordingly as they are expected to, despite their personal emotions towards the circumstance. “The non-judgmental acceptance of a stressful situation decreases stress by enabling observation of negative thoughts and emotions that emerge during the situation without engagement with these thoughts and emotion... a simple mindfulness of breath exercise may involve sitting in a chair or on the ground, practicing deep breathing, nonjudgmentally observing body sensations in the present moment, and redirecting attention back to the present moment when distraction occurs…” (Rayan & A. H. R., 2017). It is evident that accepting the circumstance that causes one’s stress decreases as one is embracing the situation by acknowledging it. This enables individuals to do exercises such as practicing deep breathing or counting until a specific number can reduce stress and allow individuals dealing with the situation to act accordingly.

Based on chapter six from the book Managing Stress: Principles and Strategies for Health and Well-Being, by Brian Luke Seaward, depression is defined as, “A state of mind where thoughts are clouded by feelings of despair. Physiologists suggest that depression is caused by a chemical imbalance; psychologists suggest that depression is the result of unresolved stress emotions (Anger turned inward)” (Seaward, pg. 140). In other words, depression occurs when individuals are overwhelmed and affected either within themselves or by outside factors negatively. Meaning, they can have low-self-esteem, question their self-worth, and insecurities overwhelm their mind. Many social factors that occur in our society impacts individual’s emotions in many ways. Adolescents in particular, are seen going through a lot of stress and studies show how it contributes to their academic performance. These social issues are forms of stress factors that hinders adolescents and children’s performance in school in many ways.

One social issue is the obesity rate that is occurring within the United States, which can play a negative role in the lives of children and adolescents in many ways and add to their stress. Based on “Longer Exposure to Obesity, Slimmer Chance of College? Body Weight Trajectories, Non-Cognitive Skills, and College Completion”, it states that, “While one of these studies investigated how different weight trajectories are linked to health outcomes in adulthood… no weight trajectory research has examined the impact of adolescent weight development on the likelihood of finishing college education.” (Cheng, 2014). This shows basically how children going into adolescence stress can affect their academics in terms of moving forward based on their weight. In other words, weight can play an indicator whether or not a child who's entering adolescence can have the potential to graduate and attend college. For example, a child’s self-esteem can be low and can cause them to shy away from completing their studies based on how they feel society perceives them in a negative way due to their obesity.

Another interesting point depicted in the journal is that, “Most research adopts a gender lens when investigating consequences of obesity, since the social consequences of excessive weight tend to be more negative for women than for men…” (Cheng, 2014). It is important for people to understand that when it comes to getting statistical information, gender does play a factor in the outcome. For instance, women tend to be affected in a more negative matter when it comes to weight than men do. Weight issues can be more impacting on women since they are the ones who go through big changes such as when they get pregnant or have a lot of hormones that can affect their eating habits as well as their metabolism overall.

Bullying is also a factor that contributes to the stress in students’ in relation to the completion of their education. Based on the article, “Adolescents’ Perspectives of Youth Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Prevention” by Emily Berger, Penelope Hasking and Graham Martin, it states that, “Although equally prevalent in males and females (Muehlenkamp & Gutierrez, 2004), males are more likely to hit themselves and females are more likely to cut themselves (Whitlock, Eckenrode, & Silverman, 2006). Primarily used to manage intense emotions, NSSI is associated with adverse events (e.g., bullying, childhood abuse; Nock, 2009), and those who engage in NSSI are at elevated suicide risk…” (Berger, Hasking & Martin, 2017). Due to factors like bullying or traumatic experiences, males and females manage intense emotions differently. Males have the tendency to hit themselves, while women cut themselves physically.

There are situations where both males and females resulted to these extremes due to the bullying or childhood abuse they had experienced in the past. In most cases, it occurs due to a child’s or adolescent’s weight or physical appearance. The article also pointed out that, “Increasing awareness of potential negative consequences may be particularly helpful when educating adolescents” (Berger, Hasking & Martin, 2017). This quote puts emphasis on the concept of raising awareness overall because it can end up helping adolescents on how to cope with their issues and ultimately prevent them from harming themselves physically. It is evident that individuals need to be mindful of other people’s feelings because it can lead them to give up on their dreams, educative endeavors, or far worse, their own life.

Students who drop out of school don’t all necessarily drop out on their own will but probably based on their circumstance and emotional state of mind. According to “Routes and Reasons Out, Paths Back: The Influence of Push and Pull Reasons for Leaving School on Students’ School Reengagement”, it mentions that, “The fact that students drop out of high school for different reasons has been understood for decades (Cairns, Cairns, & Neckerman, 1989; Combs & Cooley, 1968; Gambetta, 1987; Hill, 1979; Wehlage & Rutter, 1986). Often this work highlights one reason, for instance, pregnancy, employment, or school connections (Carter, 2005; Mihalic & Elliott, 1997; Upchurch & McCarthy, 1990). Grouping the reasons for dropping out into either school factors that push a student out of school, or individual factors that pull a student out of school is a relatively new way of conceptualizing the process of dropout…” (Boylan & Renzulli, 2017). Based on these facts, it is quite clear that some students drop in fear of how they might be viewed by their peers, or due to circumstances where they go through some drastic changes or experiences like pregnancy or bullying.

Not enough emphasis is put on the concept of bullying as it is basically a way of harassing and discriminating someone based on their looks, or who they are. The article also states that, “If a student who once dropped out returns to complete their secondary education, such negative effects may be ameliorated” (Boylan & Renzulli, 2017). This means that it is actually quite difficult for adolescents and people in general to go back to school and complete their education. This may be due to them feeling “too old” or a sense of “rejection” from the school atmosphere as well as the problems going on in their own personal life.

According to the article, “The Gendered Monitoring of Juvenile Delinquents: A Test of Power-Control Theory Using a Retrospective Cohort Study” by Corina Schulze and Valerie Bryan, they state that, “… a troubling array of family conflict was identified in the youths’ files. The presence of any abuse was identified for 184 youth, 62 girls and 122 boys. For girls, abuse was mentioned in the files in exactly 50% (31) of the cases, and about 24% (29) of the boys’ cases. Nineteen of 45 youth both had abuse identified in their files and their custody was disrupted. Seventeen girls and 8 boys were identified as sexual abuse victims” (Schulze & Bryan, 2017). The statistics provided show that adolescents who turned out to be delinquents experienced some form of abuse or had some type of family conflict and shows how their anger contributed to worsening their circumstance. This evidently, could mean that based on those experiences, these adolescents’ character are shaped in an emotional imbalanced, negative and painful way which lead them to a wrong path away from their educational goals.

For instance, a single parent can play a negative role in the lives of their children as well as their own in many ways. Their economic status or the absence of the other parent can affect their children psychologically and socially overall. There’s a lot of emphasis put on the fact that single parents under the age of 18 percentage has increased from about 7% in 1950 to about 30% in 2010. This helps explain and understand why most single parent families’ fall below the poverty line because it is more difficult to pursue a higher education to get a good job based on the lack of economic resources they do not have. The recent article mentioned also noted that, “Juveniles are not just rebelling against parental authority; they are reacting against external controls as well” (Schulze & Bryan, 2017). This justifies the behavior some adolescents normally have, but in a juvenile’s case, they tend to try to break away from rules that regulate them and believe they have “grown up”. When this occurs, they may stop cooperating with societal demands that allows them to progress and grow. In some cases because of their illegal actions, they are forced out of school or end up dropping out before completing high school. When a child does not have the environment, economical resources, and family make up, they are more vulnerable to grow up misguided and hit a point in their life where they defy any type of authority that tries to regulate or direct them.

Through governmental programs, family support, and wellness programs, people can ensure a higher graduation rate among these students. Also by becoming more involved in one’s community by trying to get the youth involved, people can effectively help students stay focused on their goals and aspirations. Bullying, an unhealthy environment, and a conflicted family are some of the factors that can affect a child has and adolescent is performance academically, and led them down to a negative path. Based on the information gathered, it is clear that children and adolescents are more vulnerable and can affect them in regards to just about anything. Overall, it is evident that there are many social issues, which can affect a child or adolescent’s education regarding with their stress. It is necessary for people in general to find a way about dealing with problems like race, wealth, relationships, religion, or culture and avoiding it to influence the youth in a negative manner. Psychology is after all the study of how people process things internally and externally and how they go about it. It is important for people to focus that concept on the youth in order to ensure a better future and promote the well-being of them.

Reference

Seawa Branscombe, N. and Baron, R. (2017). Social psychology. 14th ed. Boston: Pearson Education. rd, B. L. (2015).

Seaward, B. (2012). Managing stress. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Rayan, A. H. R. (2017). Mindfulness, quality of life, and severity of depressive symptoms

among patients with schizophrenia and patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 55(5), 40-50. doi:https://dx.doi.org.rdas-proxy.mercy.edu:2048/10.3928/02793695-20170420-05

Cheng, Y. A. (2017). Longer Exposure to Obesity, Slimmer Chance of College? Body Weight

Trajectories, Non-Cognitive Skills, and College Completion. Youth & Society, 49(2), Retrieved April 18, 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0044118X14540183

Berger, E., Hasking, P., & Martin, G. (2017, February 02). Adolescents’ Perspectives of Youth

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Prevention. Retrieved April 20, 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com.rdasproxy.mercy.edu:2048/doi/full/10.1177/0044118X13520561

Boylan, R. L., & Renzulli, L. (2017, February 02). Routes and Reasons Out, Paths Back: The

Influence of Push and Pull Reasons for Leaving School on Students’ School Reengagement. Retrieved April 21, 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com.rdas-proxy.mercy.edu:2048/doi/full/10.1177/0044118X14522078

Schulze, C., & Bryan, V. (2017, February 02). The Gendered Monitoring of Juvenile

Delinquents: A Test of Power-Control Theory Using a Retrospective Cohort Study. Retrieved April 23, 2017, from https://journals.sagepub.com.rdas-proxy.mercy.edu:2048/doi/full/10.1177/0044118X14523478

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The Impact of Peer Pressure in Adolescents and How to Cope with It. (2019, May 29). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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What is Peer Pressure?

Peer Pressure is when one person or more feel forced to do something by a friend or a peer. Peer pressure can be positive or negative but most of the time its negative. An example could be if one kid smokes but their friend isnt into smoking but the pressure their friend into doing it anyways. Peer pressure can lead to making numerous bad decisions and even getting in a bad situation. Depending on others are getting people to do it can ruin their lives and what they had going good for themselves. Peer pressure can make a person depressed just by the way they are being treated. Most teens or anyone feel like they are pressured to do something that they really dont want to do but they only want to fit in with the people who they think are cool, or popular, or have a lot of friends. Sometimes people dont know how to make friends so they see what a person does or what they like to do and try and imitate them.

Negative peer pressure usually leads to kids doing drugs or stealing or anything that could get them in trouble. Or it may distract them from their school work and cause them to fail. Sometime their attitude changes at home and causes them to act our or be disrespectful to their parents. Most parents have rules in their house where they dont want their child doing anything bad or having bad habits, but once one child is influenced by another child or someone older than them they tend not to care or not listen to what their parents are saying to them. It cause them to want to sneak out, have parties, drink, smoke or do anything that can harm them. Once you start acting or living like someone you want to be you lose your own lifestyle so its like your not yourself anymore. It is like being told that you have to do what someone says or your not cool or you wont have friends, so when kids hear that they try their best to be like everyone but they never even notice how much it is changing them. It can draw them away from their friends and familyr's.

Most people ask why do teens accept peer pressure just to fit in. But thatr's all they just want to fit in but if they are being forced then they dont know how to fit in so they are just doing anything to be cool or to get more friends. Like most movies you see now about mean girls the mean girls are usually the ones to pressure other like how they have a small group of friends and the girls just do whatever the leader says like they are made to be servants to the person who is controlling them.

Most kids dont know how to say no to peer pressure cause they feel like people are going to start picking on them or not want to be their friend. So most time they dont stop even if they want to they continue to do it so that they have friends and be popular and cool. But most of the popular kids no one even likes because they are mean to others and trying to get them to be like them. Bullying is most common with peer pressure so if one person is with a group of friends and they are all drinking and they offer the kid a drink and they say no they are usually labeled a whimp or a scardy cat so kids are afraid of what others might say them if they say no. Other times if a kid tries to tell a teacher or administrator they are called a snitch for telling on someone then almost everyone around them starts calling them snitch to but only because they were trying to protect there selves.

Most parents do teach there kids not to give into peer pressure, but once one kid starts to pick on them it makes them feel as if they need to change so they dont get pick on by that kid. Peer pressure can be bad or good but you never want it to be bad.

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How to Resist Peer Pressure

At some point in oner's life, one is exposed to some form of peer pressure. Undoubtedly, most teenagers have moments where they do things to try to be cool and fit in with the popular kids. The pressure that is felt is very overwhelming and can cause them act in ways that they would normally not act. For example, in the essay, White Lies by Erin Murphy in Models for Writers, an albino girl is bullied in school. She felt like she had to lie to her peers in order to be liked by them. Teens now are exposed to many harmful outlets that can have negative effects on their lives. The pressure to conform is very prominent among adolescents especially, but it is not limited to only teenagers. There are so many different reasons people are exposed to peer pressure, and it is fairly common in most school environments. Peer pressure has negative effects on the lives involved because it could cause a person to engage in dangerous activities, can cause decreased academic performance, and leads people to have negative opinions on themselves and things they enjoy.

Peer pressure could cause a person to engage in dangerous activities. The pressure to fit in and be liked can be as simple as a friend telling another friend to try this alcohol. Some people are able remove themselves from the situation if they do not want to engage in the drinking, while other people feel like they have to say yes in order to be liked. Another example of this pressure is seeing a close friend engage in something dangerous and feeling an internal pressure that would cause one to want to engage in that same activity. According to an article entitled, Tight-Knit Teammates May Conform to Each Otherr's Behavior, it talks about the peer pressure that is not directly stated. In a study with NCAA athletes, researchers found that the more closely a player identified as being a part of their team, the more likely they were to conform to their teammates behavior. This was true for both risky and positive behaviors. (Teammates May Conform to Each Otherr's Behavior). This illustrates the internal pressure that is felt when one is close with their friends or teammates. They feel like they should do the same thing because their teammate or friend did it. There are some situations in which the need to conform can have a positive outcome, but there are a lot more situations that can produce negative results.

Secondly, peer pressure can cause decreased academic performance. This is fairly common in middle school and high school students because they are in a different environment, there is a lot more social pressure to make new friends, fit in and be liked by them. In an article talking about academics and peer pressure, Lowry writes, These parents may not have the credentials of the esteemed researchers, but they see the focus on academic achievement shift as social pressures to fit in as class clown or social butterfly are embraced. The students academic achievement was decreasing because they felt the need to neglect their academics in order to be accepted by peers or friends. This change normally occurs during the transition from elementary school to middle school or high school. A lot of kids feel like they have to be the most popular student in school and have the most friends. The important thing for school is to focus on the education and having an overall memorable experience. With friends, learning that quality over quantity is very significant. A person could have 30 friends that do not talk very often versus a person having three or four really important friends that talk quite often and help each other. Making and having friends is an important part of being in school, but it should not shift the focus away from the academics.

Peer pressure can also lead a person to have negative opinions on themselves and certain things they used to enjoy. In the essay, White Lies, from Models for Writers, an albino girl named Connie is bullied by students in her school. She develops a very negative opinion on herself because people were bullying her for something that she had no control over. So, after being bullied quite a bit, Connie told her peers that her father got a new job working for a candy company and that she could get candy for them. She started taking orders from kids and they began to stop teasing her. The other Lebanese girl who was in the same class thought she saw Connie and her mother at 7-Eleven buying all the candy for the kids in her class. (Murphy 210-211). In this situation, Connie was experiencing a lot of bullying and probably felt so awful after being called horrible names, so she made up a lie to get the kids in her class to like her. Preschoolers also experience a small form of peer pressure. After they begin interacting with other children, preschoolers are conforming their ideas and feelings about certain things. They are altering their feelings on foods that they had previously enjoyed eating, after hearing one of their peers say that food is gross. (Lowry). Peer pressure is very widespread and is even evident in preschoolers, who are only between the ages of three and five years old. When a person hears someone talk badly about a certain thing they enjoy, it makes them feel bad about liking it so they sometimes will change their opinion on it. With the example about preschoolers and food, it may not be as prominent but the child most likely felt bad about liking that food so they changed their opinion to be more like their peer.

New research is indicating that peer pressure has some form of a positive side to it. As far as the research goes, I agree that there can be some form of positivity that could come from peer pressure. For example, a friend could help motivate another friend to improve their grades or do something positive. The research was done by a Psychologist named Laurence Steinberg. He had participants playing a computerized card game in room by themselves and separately with people their age in the room. He basically found that teenagers learn faster and efficiently when they are in the company of their peers or people their own age. (Paul). Personally, I believe that there is a larger amount of negative aspects in terms of peer pressure. The research is interesting and there is something to be learned from it, but the constant pressure and need for individuals to conform is at large. So many kids feel like they have to conform in order to fit in with the popular crowd. I think we need to do a better job in explaining that one does not have to conform and do things that one would not normally do to fit in with a certain group of people. If a group of people is going to put an individual at risk then there is no reason to try and be friends with them.

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Definition of Peer Pressure by Merriam Webster

According to the Merriam Webster’s dictionary peer group is a group of people of approximately the same age, status and interest and peer pressure as a feeling that one must do the same things as other people of one’s age and social group in order to be liked or respected by them. Peer pressure can be a positive thing if it is heling the child to do good things or achieve high grades and be focused or it can be negative and can be catastrophic. When peer pressure affects in a negative way it becomes a major concern for all the parents and affects many teenager’s lives today. Peer pressure can persuade a child or teenager to act and do things in a certain way that they normally wouldn’t do.

Patricia and Peter Adler are educators and sociologists who conducted an observation in 1998 at two elementary schools in Colorado. During that period, they observed that children from schools separate themselves by gender and based on that they started to make popular and dominant groups among themselves; boys on based on athletics, coolness, toughness and girls on based on attractiveness, ability to attract more boys, dressing sense and makeup and how they carry themselves. Patricia and Peter also observed that boys who are very smart and have high grades were considered as nerds and they were not so popular and on the other hand girls who were smart and high achievers were popular and it increased their standing among the peers.

In few cases, especially during high school time peer pressure become inevitable and sometimes they can make us do such things that are socially unacceptable and inappropriate for e.g. Drugs, Alcohol and Theft, as well as it can violate our own beliefs and culture for e.g. dating, kissing or sex or any physical relations when you are not prepared, violent behavior etc. In my opinion, the desire of wanting to be socially acceptable and approved can make us do certain things which can drastically change our lives without intending it, so if anyone is facing the peer pressure in a negative way should get help immediately and talk to a responsible adult.

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Peer Pressure and Social Media

Peer pressure in modern society is intensified by social media, countless individuals are addicted to it, and are slaves to comparing themselves to others. It is an omnipresent influence in daily life, and many cant go a single hour without scrolling through feeds. Individuals allow social media to shape their decisions, making individuals a slave to society just like the Allegory of the Cave about human, by Plato. The Allegory of the Cave is about human perception, the slaves didnt know they were in slavery. Peer pressure is not as overt as it used to be, it can be in the form of likes and comments on the internet, it uses this tactic to keep individuals enslaved. It specifically targets youths who are easily pressured into illusion, over truth. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media because they are young and looking for answers about life choices like, what to wear, what to do, and who to look up to. Bullies prey on teenage insecurities during that developmental inquiry, and use the internet as a tool to peer pressure them into conforming to the group. Social media has intensified all aspects of peer pressure, and has drastically changed the lives of adolescents.

As we all know from personal experience, teenagers do not always make the right decisions. For example, many would choose eating pizza every night as opposed to salad. They know that salad is better for them, but they choose to eat the pizza anyways. However, many teenagers will know that something is detrimental to their health and choose to do it nonetheless because everyone is doing it. Many have heard of the recent, tide pod challenge where teens and young adults bite into the liquid laundry detergent and watch the soap erupt from their mouths. Obviously this is an extremely hazardous and idiotic thing to do, but it was trending. It was gaining likes and comments, and the pressure to be popular outweighed the potential risks. The same applies for drinking, and taking drugs. Underage drinking and partying is idolized over the internet, the more intoxicated you are, the more attention you recieve. Many post pictures of their drinks, and videos of themselves and friends completely wasted because it attracts attention on social media. It isnt enough to have one or two drinks, many are pressured into binge drinking because of the reaction it receives, More than 90% of the alcohol consumed by underage drinkers occurs during binge drinking episodes. (Gonzales). Again, the pressure to be popular and fit in, outweighed the potential risks. They know that binge drinking can cause, nausea, stupidity, rapid heart rate, and even blacking out. Yet by throwing up and blacking out, they will only attract more recognition from peers. Teenagers make bad decisions and unconsciously pressure others into participating when they receive positive attention, for a negative activity. Teenagers need to know that itr's only an illusion that everyone is doing it, so that they can try to avoid peer pressure.

Teenagers are pressured into sexual activity over social media, and are targets for sexual harassment by adults 18+. When the app Snapchat was created, it didnt take long before teenagers learned they could send sultry or inappropriate photos over the internet. They were soon pressured by their crushes to send pictures of their privates because they disappear afterwards. So what could be the harm? This for many young adults, was the first sexual activity they were introduced to. Again, teenagers do not make good decisions and popularized sending nudes in attempt to make it a normal part of flirting with someone over the internet. It doesnt stop there, many will send complete strangers photos of their intimates and many of those strangers are over 18. Perverts and child molesters alike use social media to prey on childrenr's stupidity over the internet. They often use catfishing which is where a person uses someone elser's identity over the internet and talks to an unknowing person. Sometimes they dont bother to make another identity, they will lie about age, or simply convince the teen that they are trustworthy. The most scary of all, is when the adolescents have no idea their images are being saved, and even passed around,

In 2016, an Australian website made world news when explicit photos of local school girls were being traded amongst users. Other sources and fan pages even started offering money to users who could find more photos of their favorites. Unbelievably, the worst part isnt even the fact that these girls are now being targeted, and their photos are being sold and traded by perverts, but rather that their images have been used without consent, and itr's very well possible that these girls are completely oblivious. (Lamm).

Point being, perverts and child molesters are preying on these photos, that teenagers themselves have deemed acceptable to send on the internet. They arent able to differentiate between friend or foe, and they dont know they are being taken advantage of. Social media normalized sending naked pictures to friends and crushes, then because of that normalization, made teenagers relaxed about sending them to complete strangers. Teenagers could only see the illusion that social media created, when the truth was that they were being targeted and used.

Teenagers were insecure about their body image even before the internet was created. Today, social media determines the standards of beauty, and if you dont fit within that standard you are often subject to bullying and harassment. Social media magnified the importance of looking flawless and created more pressure to fit in with the trends. With all the pressure to look flawless online, what someone looks like on the internet is not always what they look like in real life,

While the influence of digitally altered images is one of many factors involved in mainstream media, most people can now curate their own images to their liking with a swipe of their fingertip, thanks in part to an array of free applications for smartphones. People now have the ability to add filters, brighten their eyes, craft how they want their body to appear, whiten teeth, and more. (Cole).

Models, and celebrities alike edit and reconstruct their photos to make themselves look like the standard of beauty because the truth is that they dont fit into it either. The beauty standards are completely unachievable because they arent real. That celebrity has such a skinny waist because she edited it, but the girl who looks up to her and is starving herself to look like her, doesnt know that. Teenagers and adults go to disturbing lengths to achieve beauty standards, plastic surgery, waist training, starving themselves, and more. Social media creates unrealistic standards and illusions of beauty and then shames girls for not looking like that image. In recent years, social media has started to take steps towards revolutionizing those unachievable standards and teaching all people of different shapes, colors, and sizes to love themselves, but there is still far to go.

In conclusion, social media is neither good nor bad, but is a platform that many have used for evil. Itr's bad when people believe that everything on the internet is true, and blindly follow its orders. Teenagers are not the only demographic that is affected by its false representation. My mom taught me not to eat tide pods, but she didnt teach me that beauty standards on the internet were outrageous because she didnt know. Parents dont know that their teens are being pressured online, because they dont even know that they themselves are being pressured online. Teenagers are the most disenfranchised by social media only because they are young and more gullible than adults. It didnt change our lives because we grew up with it, but definitions of peer pressure and bullying were immensely changed by it. My age group was born when social media was born, we dont know a life without it. Our parents didnt know the effects of it, we had to navigate it on our own, and we were the lab rats.

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Question of Productive Use of Time

Time management refers to the development of processes and tools that increase efficiency and productivity. Benefits of becoming more time conscious include increased job satisfaction, increased productivity, improved interpersonal relations, better future direction, reduced stress, and enhanced health. In order for supervisors to make better use of their time they must plan and prioritize, analyze how they use their time, make a list of tasks in order of importance that must be accomplished, set objectives and work to deadlines, commit plans to paper, and limit face-to-face contact.

A major force in the productive use of time is planning and setting priorities, along with proper delegation. When analyzing how you use your time, check up on yourself and keep a record of how you spend your time. When you have sufficient information to work with, sort the results and determine the amount of time spend on routine tasks, unscheduled tasks, and tasks that could be considered emergencies. This information shows which tasks are candidates for delegation and which tasks you must perform. Making a list of tasks in order of importance that must be accomplished allows supervisors to stay on track. Supervisors should complete one task at a time before moving on to the next. This also helps with limiting distractions. Working toward an objective and setting reasonable deadlines is important to complete tasks. Write down plans on paper and get in the habit of planning for the following day. You can revise your plan to reflect current requirements as needed.

Face-to-face contact can waste time because employees often engage in excessive small talk and social conversation. A certain amount of social conversation is essential for good interpersonal relations, but supervisors should make every effort to stay on business in contacts with employees and coworkers. One of the most important tasks supervisors should make is developing a relationship with each employee; however, talking basketball for an hour with an employee that is a fan is a clear waste of time. It is also important not to waste their time by delaying them to complete their tasks. When communicating and making better use of time with employees, supervisors should utilize the telephone wisely, conduct meetings only when necessary, planned and organized with specific purposes in mind, and organizing paperwork in categories such as immediate attention, research or extended effort and non-critical items, and items that can safely be discarded.

Time management and stress management are inseparable activities. By being a supervisor and leader, stress may arise due to the large responsibilities you are faced with. Stress arises from work activity in a number of ways including emergency tasks arising, work piling up and not getting caught up, tighter deadlines, problems arising with employees, working in the midst of disorganization and confusion, and working in an environment that is regularly exposed to illness, pain, trauma, and death. With effective time management, the pressure of too much to do in too little time is reduced; therefore, reducing stress. Time management is an important element of stress management.

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Resources and Time Management

Contents

Resource and Time Management
MANAGING TIME

Resource and Time Management

Resources and time management play an important role in making a project success. Organizations rely on resources to carry out the project tasks. Time management is very critical in the project completion. The resources need to be able to follow the process and make sure to finish the tasks on time. Without the correct team/resources set up, any procedure and plan have the capability of totally falling apart.

In my opinion, project manager and entire team needs to work in a collaborative style, that is really important to ensure the success of a project and to finish the project on time.
According to Kerzner (2001), project success was clearly explained as the completion of a project within the specified budget, time, performance. This de? nition of project success has been modified to incorporate completion within the mentioned time period, at the possible execution or specification level.

A project can be viewed as effective by meeting the execution measures of cost, time and technical performance, but also ensuring and safeguarding that the project is acknowledged and accepted by the client (Kerzner 1998).
I would like to concentrate more on time, resource performance and of course customer satisfaction. Success will be determined by the level of execution accomplished. To decide whether these factors are actually useful and success will be depending on their impact on project execution.

Belassi and Tukel (1996) grouped critical success factors into four zones: external environment, team, organization and the project. The identi? cation of critical factors would prompt the better assessment of projects.
Pinto and Slevin (1987) found ten critical success factors, including project mission, top administration support, project schedule plan, customer consultation, personnel, technical tasks, client acceptance, monitoring and feedback, communication and investigating. This exploration just identified the critical success factors, yet did not quantify the quality of their association with project performance.

Cooke-Davies (2002) recommended a range of critical success factors related to performance, including project team and management competencies relevant to huge, complex projects, but also to projects in general.
Project management incorporates productively overseeing individuals and partnerships viably. The decision power should be given to sponsor and the sponsor must work with project manager and they need to be in a decent understanding about the wants of a project.
The project manager needs to be clear on making the requirements clear with the management. And the leadership should really give the decision power to the sponsor who will then take care on getting requirements done quickly. We need to be clear and transparent with the stakeholders that help them understand the performance.

Communicate with upper management and come to an understanding on the decisions and have their support financially. The sponsor needs to be available and help in making decisions and influencing the stakeholders and management.
Team work needs communication, coordination ability to do exploration on the tasks. Make sure involve right person on right time. Include the stakeholders in meetings in order to better identify if any issues at that moment.
As work demands increase, managers need to manage time and work projects effectively. Knowing how you invest your time is the initial step to enhance and improve efficiency and time management. Managers ought to distinguish performance time and wasteful time utilize.

MANAGING TIME

Every team member should manage their time effectively and work to achieve project success, some of the basic things to consider: Try to work on the critical stuff on priority and schedule the less important or priority tasks to later. Also, make sure you dont switch tasks, that leads to time loss understanding both.

Raffoni (2006) reports that switching between tasks could diminish effectiveness by 20% to 40%. Since email interferences can distract from work and take time to read and reply to e-mails. Enhancing time and project management incudes creating work time without interferences. When working on a project, do not end up interrupted by unnecessary talk from colleagues. The tasks need to show the manageable steps of the project. Also, they ought to be divided into subtasks which take less time to complete. It is ok to say no to colleagues when they try to give you more work or ask questions when you do not have time.

Organization is another key factor in project and time management for managers. Workplace organization is critical to work effectively. Time spent searching for files, folders, or projects is considered waste. Keep moving towards technology which gives us the features to do our work in less time. Because many files are now electronic, retain only essential hard copy documents. Often update and back up the files that you complete. Eliminate duplicates and rough drafts of completed work. This greatly reduces manual work and saves time. All the team members ought to be communicating within themselves often and offer the ideas. Following agile really helps in determining the tasks and also the fixes if something goes wrong. Agile is flexible and the team members and project manager should follow the principles of agile methodology. Utilize the tools available to you to reduce work load and make sure everything is done on time.

Would like to discuss on more on agile methodologies which the team uses, it involves communication like handling stand-up calls and the progress made everyday by team members. Having code reviews by the team and automate the tasks to test. Follow agile principles and methodologies in project, more focus to individuals than to process and tools. Just make sure to provide adequate documentation. Respond to changes quickly. Give more importance to customer feedback than the requirements defined. Of course we need to follow requirements and develop the tasks but when comes to customer satisfaction and needs, we need to give preference to the client.

Keeping to the timetable in which the design and requirements are created. And to how well the team can convey the outcomes characterized in scope. We often hear organizations have been faced with problems in delivering, so the project manager should make sure we dont go beyond scope and timelines. Then the team can work towards increasing speed and in post-execution adjustments accordingly.

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Time Management and Learning Process

High school students have worked many years toward the goal of going to college. They have passed classes intended to prepare them for secondary education and have taken standardized tests, such as the ACT or SAT numerous times to better their chances to attend the college of their dreams. It is during this time that strong study habits and time management skills should have been formed. Some may think they have a fervent grasp on these two aspects of school only to find out during freshman year this is not the case. As they look back to high school they realize there wasnt much homework or time allotment needed to prepare for tests. According to Cherif, faculty members stated many reasons, including the fact that a significant number of incoming students have poor levels of or a complete lack of academic preparedness for college courses, lack of learning and study skills, and/or lack of organizational skills (including time management and setting priorities) (Cherif et al). Study habits are not the only reason some college students do not as well as they think. There is just so much happening at school, where choices to what to be involved with need to be made. College students don't set out to fail, but time management can keep them from performing to the best of their ability. With freshman year comes a lot of changes and firsts. This is usually the first time the students are away from their parents. It is totally up to them to make all their own decisions without the input from mom or dad. Though their parents are just a phone call away, most students feel they are adult enough to make the right decision. This feeling of total freedom leaves some students with the same feeling Fiona had about a class she felt was not relevant to her education, I am going to be where I want to be at the time I want to be there, and you don't have to babysit me (Kivnc). Course schedules are made up a semester in advance with the help of a counselor. The counselorr's job is to make sure you stay on schedule for graduation in four years by taking the appropriate classes and hours for your major. The counselor does not know if you are an early riser, if you are working or any of your other idiosyncrasies. It is up to the student to make the final decision. Many colleges and universities are now offering more online classes. Sometimes online classes are the only way to get the class you need to stay on track. Students look at these classes as being easier. Only to find out online classes are more time consuming. So not only does a first time student need to choose the right classes they also need to be aware if they are in the correct delivery mode. For example, there are many students in online classes that should not be in those classes they do not have the skills to succeed. Students need to choose the delivery mode that fits their learning style, not what they think is easier (Cherif et al). The class times, courses and means of delivery you schedule are all in your control. There is only written rule within most colleges, taking twelve hours is considered a full time student. This magic number is what you will need to adhere to if you want to live on campus or use the athletic facilities. But most counselors recommend fifteen hours. Once you have selected your classes and times they should be noted as a priority when planning your day. New to first time college students is the way classes are arranged. They are used to taking a class five days a week for a credit. Now their schedule may show a whole day off from classes. This may bring the thought of sleeping in late or just being able to video games for the whole day. Jeff Bennett formulates a general rule of time needed for college classes. You should expect to study about 2 to 3 hours per week outside class for each unit of credit (Bennett). According to Bennett if you are taking fifteen credit hours, you will spend approximately 30 to 45 hours each week studying outside of class. Now add on the hours you are in class and it is about 60 hours. These are hours a first time student may not know needs to be a part of accessing time management. Now that your schedule has been made, students get an eye opening when it comes to their classes and studying. According to Maryellen Weimer, PhD, When learning isnt easy, a lot of students question their intellectual wherewithal, but thatr's not a problem they have to face if the fault lies with the teacher. Students are so conditioned to sitting in a classroom and being spoon-fed the information the teacher deems is important, that they do not even attempt to read or think for themselves. It is so easy to blame the professor for your shortcomings or being expected to participate in the discussion of the class. Weaning students from their dependence on teachers is a developmental process(Weimer). This is one process that can throw a student severely off course. Having to change the way you absorb information is very time consuming. Extra time a student may not be willing to give if a better or more fun opportunity arises. Students are now caught behind the eight ball, in trying to read all the books and chapters assigned, meet paper deadlines, and participate in extracurricular activities, college students may become overwhelmed with feelings that there is not enough time to complete all their work adequately (McCann et al). This may leave the student to choose one class over another due to time constraints. Sylvia from McGill University found out the hard way stating, some of my main courses were suffering because of how hard I was trying to pick up the slack in this one class (Vice). Time management does not just affect the student and grades. It affects the whole learning process. Frank Rubaduka, a student of University of Kigali, says poor time management spoils the teacher-student relationship hence affecting the studentr's concentration whenever that particular teacher is in charge (Mbabazi). To round out the whole college experience students need to find time to decompress and unwind. Ohio State University found, aside from classes, students spent studying andsocializing with their friends, since both are critical to student success; socializing with friends is just one way that many students find a sense of belonging in college. Professors and students alike have found that poor preparedness is the main cause of failure in college. Time management is the number one reason according to professors. The Journal of Educational Psychology states, various time management behaviors are related to important outcome variables, including stress and performance (McCann, et al). Students who fall behind become very stressed out. This stressing leads to lack of knowledge of the subject and poor grades. Without proper time management skills students can have a lot of wasted time throughout their college experience.

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Better Time Management Skills

Time management is important in a world where time is equivalent to money. Time management is something that can be controlled by each individual. The way time is directed puts different things into perspective for each individual. When used properly, time has allotted you to get everything you need done, with leftover time for leisure. This makes for long, sporadic days to be more organized and well prepped. Without deadlines, the chaos that comes from unorganized and late people can cause people to be frustrated, stressed, and not accomplish anything. Time management helps those who have regiment in their life. It keeps everything on a scheduled balance track when life gets hectic. My time management skills will get better by putting a proactive plan in place and making new changes to routines to make timeliness achievable to further my success. One way that time management affects people is during the regular work week. The time allotted for someone to complete daily tasks could become more difficult and executed to a later extent then intended in the first place. Life without any form of organization is very stressful and less productive. Time is what everyone does not have enough of. There are only twenty four hours in one day. Some people think that twenty four hours in one day is just not enough. It is very easy to come to that conclusion when people go through daily responsibilities without a plan. Once a plan is made and a day is organized people will instantly see the benefits of time management. Most of the frustrating situations can be avoided with effective planning and organizing techniques. I am in the works of buying a new planner and meeting with LaShawn, my academic success coach, to help straighten myself out. Another issue is that people lack of prioritizing their days. Others have trouble tackling daily task because of the fact that they try to take on too many task at one time, and finally there are some people that just waste their time doing nothing because of pure laziness. Now more than ever time is becoming one of our most valued resources that are wasted because people don't know how to properly manage their time wisely. In every aspect of life people are doing things that really have no value at all. At times, I do find myself doing a lot at once because of the positions I hold on campus. However, using that as an excuse becomes old and tired. Being held accountable for my actions to know that in real-world situations, it will result in probation or termination. Walking through a dorm on a week night you can find several students sitting around playing video games when at the same time they have a paper or assignment due the next day, you can also find employees sitting around the office playing games on their phones or writing e-mails while productive work should be getting done. Time management is a skill that can be learned, and when done so can make life less stressful and productive. The first principle that I learned is that I needed to set goals, which I would have to accomplish by the end of the day. I would see when I had free time, and try to separate my tasks into smaller tasks and fit them into the remaining available time that I had. The first step that I took was to get a piece of paper, and record all of my daily activities for a couple of days. Writing my goals down helps me see that, yes, I have something to complete. To-do lists help me keep track of anything that I need to be doing that particular day. It also helps with prioritizing what needs to get done first. Somethings can be done in morning, some professors might have office hours Thursday mornings at 9 am everyone is different. At the end of the day, itr's not good to waste time of someone who is trying to help your benefit. Setting goals and reminding yourself of them is also important. I never lose sight of whatr's important; keeps my head on straight when thinking and not frantically rushing to do/accomplish/complete everything. Developing skills to effectively manage your time will bring forth improvements to your life on a dramatic scale. I must be accepting to making fundamental changes. You have to learn to prioritize and take things one step at a time. Chances for failure increase when you take on more than you can handle or when you take on too much at one time. Developing time management skills will also help you get to know yourself a little better. This is the first step in proper time management. As people age, it becomes much easier to lose track of important things in your life. It seems insane that we allow this to happen, but sometimes that happens really easily. As a student leader on campus, I want to be held accountable for my actions. A lot of professors and students look to me for guidance on campus. Being terrible with time management will cause them to lose faith and loyalty in me. I would like to say I have worked extremely hard to make a name for myself on campus just for it to be taken from me because of me not being prompt to an event/work. I do not want other student leaders or people in general to not see me as reliable but, resourceful. On time, on-call, whenever I am needed. Proper time management is something that can change your life on a fundamental basis for the better. Time management is an adult skill all college students must master before graduating college. Itr's an important life skill, something that can only teach you by experience. I have learned all of my lessons with time management from losing points on a late assignment to losing a job behind tardiness. With a few minor adjustments in how I utilize my time, I can change how I manage my time.

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A Role of Proper Time Management

Did you know that more than half of the United States twelfth graders average twenty or more hours of work per week? Some people say that these after school jobs are beneficial because they give students a sense of responsibility, independence, and time management. As these are all great things to practice, in preparation for "real life". However, they can cut into essential schoolwork, family, and personal time. Minor inconveniences such as missing a loved oner's birthday for work can cause great uproar within a family, and working too much can have a negative effect on a student's academic standing. An after school job can cut into schoolwork, which is bad news for anyone. Schoolwork is obviously high up on the list of priorities, and is often neglected in the long run. An after school job can complicate your natural regimen by leaving you with less time to study and complete assignments. As everyone knows, in order to get a decent paying job later in life, finishing high school and some form of college is essential. A report conducted by the Institute of medicine and the National research council found that students who worked as many as fifteen hours per week dropped out of school at higher rates, had lower grades, and were not as likely to attend college. Based on that research, it is exceedingly important to know your limits as a human being, and give yourself the time you need. But schoolwork isn't the only element affected by a rigorous after school job. A student's family life can be harmed by a lack of time. Just imagine how you would feel if you sister or brother couldn't make it to your sweet-sixteen because they had to pull a nine to five day at the restaurant. Without using proper time management skills, you could potentially damage the relationships you should in fact hold dearest to your heart. A person who has no family relations is not a happy one, mind you; and those relationships, once torn apart, are immensely hard to reconcile. If you do not practice time management, you may find yourself in a very lonely and somber setting. Now that you've learned about all the negative effects ill-practiced time management can have we coupled with an after school job, it's time for you to know about the proper way to manage said time! Proper time management is quite simple really, because the basis of it entirely is; moderation. If you can take everything you do in moderation, you can protect yourself, your life, and your loved ones. For instance, instead of working every day after school, and every day during the weekend, you can limit yourself to one day a week and a full weekend. Or maybe, three days a week and a free weekend! Whichever system you find that works best for you, and gives you optimum time for schoolwork and personal relationships. You can even further your governance and set specific times for studying, or doing homework. Anything that lets you be happy, and still get every job done is the right thing to do. Finding a way to govern your time may seem like grand task at first, but as soon as you start, you will soon see that it is as effortless and necessary as breathing. It also helps you learn great responsibility and independence, which in the end, will be a treasure in itself.

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Main Points of Pride and Prejudice

Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen

Narrator: voice outside the story

Point of view: third person

Tone: admiration

Quote: While seeing Miss Elizabeth Bennet Mr. William Darcy notices But no sooner had he made it clear to himself and his friends that she hardly had a good feature in her face, than he began to find it was render uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eyes he was forced to acknowledge her figure to be light and pleasuring: and in spite of his asserting that her manners were not those of the fashionable world, he was caught by their easy playfulness (Austen 12).

Analysis: The quote demonstrates the tone of admiration because Mr. Darcy starts admiring and giving attention to Miss Bennet, eventually he slowly starts falling for her. Mr. Darcy admire Miss Bennet by describing her figure and beauty to be beautiful. Having a bad first impression on Elizabeth because of her status Mr. Darcy began to change how he saw her.

One main character is Elizabeth Bennet and her attitude changes her opinion towards Mr. Darcy when he sent her a letter and after reading it, She grew absolutely ashamed of herself. Of neither Darcy nor Wickham could she think without feeling she had been blind, partial, prejudice, absurd. How despicably I have acted! she cried; I, who have valued myself on my abilities! Who have often disdained the generous candor of my sister, and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable mistrust (Austen 56)! Elizabeth feels prejudice against Mr. Darcy because she found out in her letter that the problems he had with Mr. Wickham were true and that she shouldnt have let herself believe that everything Mr. Wickham told her. Elizabeth blames and is ashamed herself because she questions how she could misinterpret Mr. Darcy and blame him. Elizabeth admits how she could ever be so blinded by pride that she could have acted this way.

One example of theme in Pride and Prejudice is pride can overcome one's way of looking at someone. Miss Lucas is talking to Miss Bennet about Mr. Darcy and how His pride, said Miss Lucas, does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine young man, with family, fortune, everything in his favor, should think highly of himself. If I may so express it, he has a right to be proud (Austen 11).

Miss Lucas has the same opinion with Mr. Darcy because he thinks he has a right to be proud because he has the money and the status to get whatever he wants. It shows that Miss Lucas in some way is prideful for Mr. Darcy because of all the aspects he has in life is basically something everyone should be proud of having. Later on, Miss Elizabeth Bennet is consumed with pride when Miss Bingley tells that all Mr. Wickham told her about his past life and situation with Mr. Darcy is not true. Miss Bennet responds with His guilt and his descent appear by your account to be the same, said Elizabeth angrily; for I have heard you accuse him of nothing worse than being the son of Mr. Darcy's steward, and of that, I can assure you, he informed me himself (Austen 30). Miss Bennet is prideful of her opinion towards Mr. Darcy that she doesnt believe a word Miss Bingley is saying. Miss Bennet would rather believe Mr. Wickham who she is slowly growing affection than Mr. Darcy who she always has an opinion of.

In Pride and Prejudice, a rich man must always consider marriage, which Mr. and Mrs. Bennet attempt to find husbands for their five daughters, especially Mrs. Bennet who acts like it's her life goal to do so. At the ball, a rich man, Mr. Bingley introduces Mr. Darcy to the Bennet's and Mr. Bingley notices and dances with Jane Bennet for most of the night. Jane seems to have interest to Mr. Bingley and Charlotte Lucas discusses with the Bennet's that Mr. Bingley has an interest to Jane as well. Having Jane and Elizabeth getting closer to the Bingley's, it's easier for Mr. Bingley to fall for Jane. Mr. Darcy begins to admire Elizabeth without her or him realizing it. Jane is invited over with the Bingley's and Mrs. Bennet demands she goes on horseback so if it rains she will have to stay over.

Unfortunately, it does rain and Jane get seriously ill and has to stay over. The Bingley sisters make fun of Elizabeth because they cant believe that she walked three miles to go see Jane and laugh because she in a lower status. The next day, Miss bennet attempts to get Mr. Darcy's attention but he doesnt care and grows jealous when she sees that Mr. Darcy admiring Elizabeth and even asks her to dance. Elizabeth wants to head back to Longbourn but Mrs. Bennet refuses by not lending them a carriage. Mr. Darcy ignores Elizabeth for the remainder of the time to stop any growing affection. The family learns, if Mr. Bennet passes then his cousin, William Collins, would take the estate.

Mr. Collins is coming and explains that he's a clergyman, who works for Lady Catherine de Bourgh. In Meryton, the girls see a solider named Mr. Wickham, where Elizabeth and Jane see Darcy and Wickham awkwardly changing colors between then which confuses Elizabeth and Jane what's happened. Mr. Wickham tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy's father is his godfather and they grew up together. When Darcy's father died, he left money for him but Darcy was jealous and refused to give him the money, and Lady Catherine encourages Darcy to marry her daughter. There's a ball coming up and Elizabeth is excited because the ball could get her closer to Wickham and she wants to dance with only him. Unfortunately, for Elizabeth, Wickham doesnt show up and dances with Mr. Darcy instead. After the dance, Miss Bingley grabs Elizabeth and tells her all Mr. Wickham told her about Darcy is false and Elizabeth doesnt believe it. The next day, Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth but declines, causing Mr. Collins to find someone new.

Until, Miss Lucas and Mr. Collins have been spending time together and Mr. Collins proposes to her and she gladly accepts. Mrs. Bennet's family, the Gardiner's, come to visit and talk about Janers situation with Mr. Bingley and offer to take her to London. Elizabeth goes to Rosings Park, she's invited to have dinner with Lady Catherine where she questions Elizabeth's accomplishments and family, giving her own remark on every reply's. Then, Mr. Darcy has arrived, and during this time, it seems that Darcy and Elizabeth are getting closer and may be falling for her. In a conversation with Colonel Fitzwilliam, Lady Catherine's nephew, he tells Elizabeth that Mr. Darcy convinced Mr. Bingley not to marry Jane because he thinks Mr. Bingley loves Jane more than she loves him. Later, Elizabeth finds Darcy confessing his love and proposing and with rage Elizabeth declines because he destroyed Jane's love life.

The next day, Mr. Darcy has a letter for Elizabeth explaining how he was wrong for going between Jane and Mr. Bingley and Wickham desired more money after Darcy's father died and he tried to start a relationship with Georgiana Darcy, and Elizabeth rereads the letter and realizes she been a fool for not believing Darcy. Elizabeth learns that Darcy is leaving, but doesnt want to see him because she's embarrassed with herself. Then Jane and Elizabeth go back home. In the next days, Elizabeth will be going to the Gardiner's estate and when she arrives, she is surrounded by talk of Darcy and sees a portrait of him. Receiving bad news Elizabeth gets a letter that Wickham is marrying Lydia and that she needs go home immediately. The Gardiners are confused why Lydia is marrying Wickham if she has no money and isnt planning to marry yet. The search for Wickham and Lydia has not been successful and it turns out Wickham is in debt.

A few days later, they were found, unmarried and it will cost thousands of pounds for him to marry Lydia. When Lydia arrives to home acting like nothing happened, Lydia reveals a secret that Darcy was at her wedding ceremony. It turns out that Mr. Darcy bribed Wickham to marry Lydia because if he didnt, it would have ruined the Bennet's reputation. Mr. Bingley comes back to Netherfield with Mr. Darcy and the Bennet's invite them for dinner and they accepted. Mr. Bingley still has his intentions to marry Jane and the whole family is estatic when he does. Then, Lady Catherine comes asking for Elizabeth and she commands that she wont accept any proposal from Mr. Darcy because he's going to marry her daughter even though they arent engaged.

Then, Mr. Darcy comes to Longborn with Bingley and finds himself alone with Elizabeth and she starts thanking him for helping out her family and they exchange their feelings and confess that they both love each other. They both agree to marry and theyll need to talk to Mr. Bennet's to ask for Elizabeth's hand in marriage, and right away write letters to the family to tell them about the engagement. Eventually, Mr. Bingley and Jane and Darcy and Elizabeth get married with the rest of the Bennet's at home and Lydia is still happily married and everyone is glad dont have to worry about finding a man.

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Love in Pride and Prejudice Novel

Literary essay on Pride and Prejudice

All the plot lines of this novel Jane Austen converge to two main characters - Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. At first, one can get the impression that each of them embodies one of two traits: Mr. Darcy - pride, Elizabeth - prejudice against this rich and arrogant man. In fact, each of them is equally inherent in pride and long-term prejudice against each other. However, the central theme of the novel is the theme of getting rid of erroneous judgments, prompted by the first impressions, correcting them through new impressions and vigorous mental work.In her novel, Jane Austen wanted, first of all, to show a reader the relationship between people and to analyze the individual aspects of human psychology.

This explains the absence of the verbal portrait of Elizabeth Bennet: the author only mentions that the girl is pretty and charming, but not so beautiful as her older sister. It is much more important for Jane Austen to tell us about her thoughts, feelings, and actions. Elizabeth does not have exceptional musical abilities, poorly understands painting, and constantly demonstrates energy and liveliness of mind instead of sad languor. Discretion and common sense determine her behavior. Lizzie is not capable of love at first sight: the real feeling is born in her heart not as a result of first impressions, but after a long time, as a result of the process of recognition and experience, supported by deep reflections. That is why she is confident in herself and her feelings. Elizabeth strictly adheres to her own views on what are happiness and marriage, considering the guarantee of family happiness not as class and material criteria, but the sincerity of the feelings of future spouses. Pride, or more precisely good self-esteem and her fearlessness, is present in every action and every replica of Elizabeth.Mr. Darcy has his own pride.

As soon as he appears on the pages of the novel all the characters become aware of the amount of his income 10 000 pounds a year, the enormous amount for that time. Mr. Darcy's appearance was not ignored by the author and he is described as a good-looking aristocratic man. Nevertheless, his beauty and charm are admired, while people know about his wealth when he demonstrates pride and arrogance his appearance starts to produce an unpleasant impression. Although he, trying to explain his behavior, speaks of his inability to easily meet people that does not convince Elizabeth. Moreover, almost simultaneously with him, the author presents Wickham, who acts as the antipode of the main character. Hardly having met Elizabeth, he tells her the story of his life, in which Mr. Darcy played the most indecent, in his words, role. Thus, all the circumstances are not in Mr. Darcy's favor, and further development of the plot seems unpredictable. The rebuke, which Elizabeth gives Darcy, should, as if, signify the completion of their acquaintance.

However, Elizabeth's refusal only gives impetus to a new development of their relations. The refusal received by Darcy was not an easy test for his pride. A man of aristocratic upbringing, he did not show his raging feelings. With his restraint, the most natural way of expressing emotions was not direct dialogue but correspondence with his chosen one.The most important elements of the formation of Darcy's image are the judgments made about him by other characters. And if at the beginning of the novel these judgments form a negative image of the character, later, from the moment of Elizabeth's visit to Pemberley, the opinions of other people about Mr. Darcy help her to get rid of the formed stereotype. She admires the perfect taste of the owner, who managed not to disturb the natural beauty of the landscape. The interior of the house also gives her pleasure - not a tasteless luxury, but genuine elegance. The enthusiastic response about Mr. Darcy from his housekeeper becomes another revelation for Elizabeth.

All these external impressions gradually transform the initially hostile attitude of Elizabeth into completely different feelings.As for Mr. Darcy, when Elizabeth appears in his life, a fierce struggle unfolds in his soul. He struggles against his feelings for Elizabeth, realizing that the girl's social position does not match his rank. Although, from their conversations, it is clear that the young man has nothing against her, and even at the most provocative Lizzie's replicas he responds with polite kindness. In fact, some of Darcy's phrases show his feelings.

For example, during Elizabeth's visit to tte Collins, he reproaches her for being overly attached to her home, and his words reveal a secret desire to take Lizzy out of Longbourn. The proposal he made to Elizabeth shortly after this conversation is the result of a significant concession of his beliefs in favor of the voice of the heart. It is not easy for Mr. Darcy to admit his love, but he is still a proud person, not doubting that any girl will feel happy with his condescension. Love and pride still have equal power over him, and Elizabeth's accusation that he did not explain himself in the way that a noble man should wound him no less than the girl's refusal. Indeed, Mr. Darcy considered himself a true aristocrat, and it was the class prejudices that prevented him from giving vent to his feelings. From this moment, the better me of Mr. Darcy begins to struggle with his pride. By doing good things, he makes Elizabeth to change her opinion about him and decides to talk to her again about his feelings.

During this explanation, both characters admit their mistakes.Throughout the novel, the development of Elizabeth's feelings for Mr. Darcy is shown in all complexity and contradiction: from dislike to doubts, then, to regret about her judgments about him, and finally, to admiration. By the end of the book Elizabeth becomes not only happy but also wise: now she is more circumspect and understands that one cannot rely either on first impressions or on public opinion because everyone looks at things differently. The path of Mr. Darcy towards Elizabeth is the path of getting rid of prejudices and arrogance, the path from vanity and pride to a self-critical reassessment of one's character. Thus, from a lot of observations and meetings, a new image of each other is gradually emerging in the souls of Elizabeth and Darcy. Finally, love replaced pride and prejudice.

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Character of Elizabeth in Pride and Prejudice

Elizabeth is an interesting individual not because she is a natural beauty and possesses almost all of the qualities that a man wants but because she wants to marry for love and not money. Elizabeth does have flaws however, one being that when she doesn't want to listen or believe something or someone, she pretends she doesn't understand what the facts are and is very stubborn once she dislikes someone. Elizabeth first meets Mr. Darcy at a ball and because of his poor manners, and expectations of women, she automatically takes a dislike to him. However, throughout the novel, Elizabeth becomes more intrigued with Mr. Darcy and eventually sees a different side of him. There are many incidences in the story that show Elizabeth's dislike for Darcy because of his pride starting with their encounter at the ball, Wickham's opinions and accusations of Darcy, and her refusal of his proposal; however, Elizabeth begins to see a new side of Darcy and couldn't think of living a life without him by the end of the book. When Elizabeth first encounters Darcy at the ball she is very displeased and disappointed with his lack of agreeableness and pride. Elizabeth notices how Darcy barely danced four dances when there were more women than men at the ball and that to her was a sign of him being too proud to dance with girls of a lower social status than him. She then hears him saying to his friend Bingley how Elizabeth is tolerable but not pretty enough to intrigue him. This is a great offense to Elizabeth and she vows to herself that she will never dance with Mr. Darcy. Although Elizabeth catches him staring at her at the ball she things it not to be a compliment but that he is criticizing her. Elizabeth then takes interest in a new, handsome man named Wickham who she shares a dislike for Darcy as well. Wickham goes on to telling Elizabeth a lie about Darcy how he is a cruel man who stole Wickham's inheritance. Although Wickham has no proof of Darcy doing such things, Elizabeth still believes him because of her past with Mr. Darcy. Elizabeth also finds out that Darcy is discouraging Bingley to marry Jane, (her sister) and she thinks it is because he doesnt want his friend to marry a girl with such a low income. Mr. Darcy honestly thought that Jane did not truly love Bingley nad he only wanted what was best for his friend but Elizabeth is quickly to judge him. Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth and Elizabeth begins to feel bad about having to reject him but sees how he is talking about not wanting to love her but it happened. She sees how he is too prideful and declines him boldly. Elizabeth then moves on to see Darcy's estate and is in for a surprise. Elizabeth goes to Darcy's estate after her rejection of his proposal with her aunt and uncle, thinking Darcy is not there. Unfortunately, she bumps into him and feels very ashamed because it looks as if she is throwing herself at him. Elizabeth is surprised at how delightful, and polite Darcy is to her, her Aunt, and her Uncle. Darcy even introduces Elizabeth to his sister. Elizabeth also hears a great deal about Darcy from his housekeeper who raised him as a child. She talks only of lovely, and flattering compliments of Mr. Darcy. Elizabeth begins to see how she was too hasty in her decision to judge Darcy's full character after only knowing him for a few short days. She knows that she was being prejudice towards Darcy and began to regret her rejection of his proposal after visiting his estate. Elizabeth then falls in love with Darcy and is engaged to him by the end of the book. Pride and Prejudice shows the foolishness in society, the greed, the social aspects of it, the pride, and the prejudice of England in the early 1800s. Darcy began to see his pride and Elizabeth began to see her prejudice. It is foolish to judge others based on their appearance, on what you are told of them before meeting them, and their money. Jane Austen shows the aspect of Pride and Prejudice throughout the book with sarcasm, irony, and cliches. This was a beautiful book which inspired many women to be themselves and stand up for what they believe in. this novel has many incidences of Elizabeth judging Darcy including the meeting at the ball, Wickham's accusations of him, her rejection of the proposal, nad her beginning to see who he truly was.

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Marriages According to Jane Austen

It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife, is a claim made by Jane Austen among the topic of marriage. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explores the differences between many types of marriages presented in the book. Throughout the nivel Austen presents the different kinds of marriages through social commentary in the book that characterizes them, and shows the effects of each of them on their community.

Throughout the book the different kinds of marriages that take place have different effects on society around them. One of the marriages that take place in the book is between Mr. Collins and Charlotte. With Charlotte being the eldest of the Lucas children at 27 years old, she ends up with Collins not out of love but the only honourable provision for well-educated young women of small fortune. She believes out of wisdom that it is best for her to take what she can right now knowing good enough that it might be her last chance. This is seen as the most prudential marriage in the novel, but as different from Elizabeth's view, marriage was seen more of a business for her.

This adds to the novel social commentary because it enforces Mrs. Bennet's idea of needing to be married. Charlotte also knew that Mr. Collins had already proposed to Elizabeth before hand, but even knowing that she still precedes to accepting Mr. Collins proposal. Although being rejected from Elizabeth multiple times, Collins continuous pursuit of marrying and sharing his fortune with another person as an outcome of is arrogance and failure to see it. This marriage shows a more stereotypical marriage at the time. Another marriage that is on the complete opposite side of the spectrum is the one between Lydia and Mr. Wickham. The marriage between these two is of social acceptance. Both married based superficial things that eventually faded away due to time His affections for her soon sunk into indifference; her's lasted a little longer. Lydia enjoyed hearing others called Mrs. Wickham, and holding herself to a high standard compared to her other sisters. Compared similar to Mr and Mrs. Bennet, both seen to be married for the clout instead of the senamenal aspect. Both relationships not only end up being negative but because both relationships were self centered. The marriages in the book show the reader the effect on the social community around them, and why their marriages didn't work.

Even through a majority of relationships went healthy overall, one relationship that was a thoughtful and meaningful was between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy. In the beggangin Elizabeth look at Darcy as arrogant and to good for anyone there as he says She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me. At the beginning of their relationship both found each other very stubborn, but eventually attracting them together. Their relationship is very layered and throughout the book they start to impact those around them. Although Darcy was denied his first proposal to Elizabeth he kept pushing her and showed a higher love for her then did Collins. Mr. Darcy did not only pursue Lizzy after being denied he feel more and more in love with her party being attracted how intelligent and her high standards. This builds a stronger and longer lasting relationship because their relationship disregards money and focus more on each other. Their effect on society is of a great one because they don't only break the stereotype of what it was like back then, but they made it socially right to date out of your economic class but to actually marry for love. Out of all the marriages, Mr. Darcy's complex relationship with Elizabeth ended up being the longest and most enjoyable.

All in all in the course of the book many different kinds of marriages took place. Auston characterizes these marriages and shows the effect they have on their community. Through the course of the book we get to further understand the socially constructed and accepted rules that were explored and they ways they affected the relationships themselves. In the end though, the most in depth and loving relationship endured the most cruelty from society and ended up lasting the longest. No money nor power nor position can fill the gap of love, because for as long as we live, we will seek for our emotional gratification.

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Idea of the Pride and Prejudice Novel

Marriage should be based upon love and how people feel for one another, or should it? The answer to that question might seem straightforward to most people currently, but in the 1800s it wasnt so simple. In one of the greatest love stories of all time, the classic novel Pride and Prejudice by well-known author and feminist Jane Austen in 1813, Marriages tended to be based on importance of a social class, usually two of the same, and sometimes the love wasnt there, just the comfort in materialistic things they wanted, be it a house, land, money or to show that they were doing better than others. Though that was not the reality. This is showed throughout the story with three very different marriages. One marriage ends up being something real, a love every girl yearns for or a romance only some people dream of. In the novel by Austen, two unlikely people from different social classes defy all the odds and make it work, no matter what any standard says. The beginning may start off rocky as the two judges by first impressions but ends in a fairytale like story. Pride and Prejudice, what does that has to do with this love story? According to the article Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice written by Everett Zimmerman it provides the readers a more thorough understanding; Although the meaning of the title has attracted considerable comment, the qualities of pride and prejudice have been inter- preted so narrowly that the full significance of the title has been obscured. Indeed, R. C. Fox, who regards the title as, primarily, Jane Austen's concession to the popularity of alliterative and an- tithetical titles, has warned us not to be "misled by investing the title with more significance than is warranted." The usual inter- pretation is that the title is a reference to Darcy's pride, which causes him to reject Elizabeth and her family, and Elizabeth's resulting prejudice, which is reinforced by Wickham's false story about Darcy. Reading this makes the reasoning for title more relatable. In the novel Mr. Darcy was a wealthy gentleman, the master of Pemberley. Though Darcy is intelligent and trustworthy, his excess of pride causes him to look down on his social inferiors. Over the course of the novel, he tempers his class-consciousness and learns to admire and love Elizabeth for her strong character Elizabeth was from a working-class family. She was intelligent, well read and quick-witted, with a tongue that occasionally proves too sharp for her own good, she is known as one of the first feminist of her time. Her realization of Darcyr's essential goodness eventually triumphs over her initial prejudice against him, hence the title Pride and Prejudice. The novel set in England in the 1800s, known as the Victorian era was known for its hierarchy based on social class and sex, and not by equality. Women did not have much of a choice on what they wanted to do with their life and who they wanted to marry. Their sole purpose was to marry a gentleman that could offer comfort, bear children, and stay home to tend to the house. Elizabeth Bennet wanted to evolve that. She didnt feel as if a higher social class appointed someone any better or being a man rather than a woman gave a person more rights. Elizabeth did not care what others thought of her, she didnt conform to what others told her to. An example of this is when Collin asked for her hand in marriage and she turned him down, even though her mother demanded her to agree so she could have the house and land. Elizabeth didnt believe in sacrificing her happiness away to someone she wasnt in love with. She stood up for herself and what she believed in. As stated in the article "Pride and Prejudice": Power, Fantasy, and Subversion in Jane Austen by Judith Lowder Newton: Elizabeth's world, moreover, allows her the power to change her lot through acting upon it, in that it allows her the power to alter Darcy's behavior. Elizabeth's world, that is, in contrast to the world of Jane Austen permits her something more than spiritual victories permit her more than that sense of autonomy that comes with wittily observing the confinements of one's situation, with standing apart from them in spirit and having to bend to them in daily behavior. Elizabeth's world, in short, permits her not only the energetic expression but the forceful use of those critical energies which Austen herself diverted into ironic novels. Marriages in the book presented a necessary contrast the readers needed to understand the story completely, each marriage was different for various reasons. In the end Elizabeth and Mr. Darcyr's was the only true romance out of them all. As stated in the article Pride & Prejudice and the Purpose of Marriage written by Rebekah Hall: Jane Austenr's Pride and Prejudice is often lauded as one of the greatest romances in British literature. Its comedic structure entertains readers with the fluctuations of Elizabeth Bennetr's relationship with Mr. Darcy. However, this novel is more than a simple love story. Although almost everyone marries by the end of the novel, some of the women of Elizabethr's world are not as well-matched with their husbands as she is with hers. Unlike Elizabeth and Darcyr's affectionate relationship, many characters in the story make marriages of convenience. The monetary and social stability that the marriage offers women is more important than the compatibility of the spouses. The first marriage found in the story is that of Charlotte Lucas Elizabethr's best friend, to Collins. Charlotte, being a well-educated woman of small fortune (120; Vol.1, ch. 22), hastily accepted Collins proposal in spite of her best friend, Elizabeth, rejecting the same proposal only a week before then. Charlotte married Collins mainly because he would be able to contribute for her and will be able to make her life fairly easy considering, that upon the passing of Mr. Bennet, Collins would be in possession of the Longbourn estate (120; Vol.1, ch. 22). Charlotter's family, Like Elizabethr's family, did not receive their prosperity from their inheritances, but rather from working. People who earned their wealth in this fashion were considered to be of a lower class; so, when Mr. Collins does propose to Charlotte, it is seen as nothing but good fortune since he earned his money through inheritance and is in the command of the wealthy Lady Catherine. So, Charlotte married Collins not out of love but out of her urge for materialistic things. Elizabethr's sister Lydiar's marriage was of an even more critical; she had run away and married Mr. Wickham; whose character was very suspicious after lying to Elizabeth about Mr. Darcy. At the time of her leaving Lydia was only sixteen years old and was rather unwise; this was clearly proved in her letter to Elizabeth stating her feelings toward Wickham. Wickham was ultimately forced to marry Lydia which caused him to stop his plan of leaving her and seizing her money to pay off his debts. Their marriage seemed prosperous in the beginning but as time passed they drifted apart and lived for the most part in hardship, always asking Lydiar's sisters for financial support. Their marriage was not based from love either; it was based off of Lydiar's need to outshine her sisters and Wickhamr's need for wealth. In the past Wickham was able to take advantage of other women and basically raid them of their fortune; once he was finished with them, he would leave. He was striving to do the same to Lydia but was faced by Mr. Darcy, Elizabethr's prospective husband. Of the three examined couples Elizabeth and Darcy have by far the most loving and prosperous relationship. Elizabeth initially met Mr. Darcy, one year before their marriage, at a coming out ball. Her fist opinion of him was he was extremely vain and not worthy of her affections, and similarly Mr. Darcy initially felt that Elizabeth was tolerable but not handsome enough to tempt him (12; Vol. 1, ch. 3 Darcyr's first impressions of Elizabeth and her family were that they were of a lower class and that Mrs. Bennet, Elizabethr's mother, was a scheming simpleton who tried to trick any rich bachelor into marrying one of her five daughters. Acting on his impression Darcy convinced his good friend Mr. Bingly into leaving the area and to break off relations with Jane, Elizabethr's oldest sister. When Elizabeth became aware of Mr. Darcyr's actions, she became cross quite with him and her opinion of him worsened and she was completely shocked when he proposed to her the first time. She declined his initial proposal and stated her grievances with him as her reasons for not accepting. After receiving a letter from him describing his actions and a visit to his estate in Pemberly she began to perceive Darcyr's genuine nature. After learning of his loyal nature, she started falling in love with him and in the end accepted his second marriage proposal. Their relationship grew over time, and each had the chance to observe the others character; this being the case they both had an idea of what the other was truly like. A relationship like theirs typically lasts much longer than the others. The idea of the novel seems to lie in the portrayal of social class, feminism, and the three different marriages. The union of Collins and Charlotte demonstrates the ideas of ambition and a one-sided marriage; whereas the union between Elizabeth and Darcy shows one of compassion and mutual love no matter the social class, they learned to look beyond. Lydiar's marriage to Wickham shows the gloomier side of society and how an unscrupulous character can easily take advantage of an innocent and foolish young vulnerable women who just wants a fairytale life with her prince charming. The novel by Austen set a good example of social class, marriage and new-found feminism in the 1800s in England.

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