The Case for and against Assisted Dying

In homes across the world, millions of victims are suffering from fatal and terminal illnesses.With death knocking on their door, should these people have to endure pain and misery knowing what is to come? The answers to these questions are very controversial. Furthermore, there is a greater question to be answered”should these people have the right and option to end the relentless pain and agony through physician assisted death? Physician-Assisted Suicide PAS is highly contentious because it induces conflict of several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true director of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose? Is suicide a purely individual choice? Having analyzed and even experience the effects of physician assisted suicide, I promote and fully support its legality and provisions.

Physician assisted suicide PAS or physician assisted death PAD is the voluntary ending of oner's life primarily by taking a lethal substance (usually a barbiturate) prescribed by a physician (Friend, Mary, & Louanne, 2011, p. 110). In each case, the patient has explicitly come to the conclusion to expedite his or her own death owed to a terminal illness.? Four of fifty states in the United States have legalized physician assisted suicide: Oregon, Washington, Montana, and most recently Vermont (May 2013). On Nov. 8, 1994, Oregon was first to legalized physician assisted death. Through ballot measure, the Death with Dignity Act legalized the process of physician assisted death but under strict protocol. Similarly, the state of Washington passed Ballot Initiative 1000 and Vermont passed the Patient Choice and Control... act”both similar acts legalizing physician assisted suicide. However, Montanar's State Supreme Court ruling in Baxter v. Montana allows physician assisted death with no legal protocol in place (Procon.org., 2012). The states permitting PAS are obligated to follow a list of set conditions: the patient should be a resident of the said state and 18 years of age or older. Secondly, the patient should be capable of making and communicating health care decisions for him or herself. Thirdly, the patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death within six months. Interested patients must also provide the request for termination in writing to the physician. In addition, physicians are expected to inform patients to alternative means of care including hospice care and other medications. Only after precautions evaluation, the laws then permit patients to make the ultimate life ending decision.

A pathologist from Michigan, Dr. Jack Kevorkian was one of the first to participate in PAS (Strate, Zalman & Hunter, 2005, p. 25). There are documented writings discussing the severity of his patients: those who seek him out have deteriorated by slow, painful degrees and wish to exit from their infernos on Earth before they deteriorate cognitively and/or choke to death (Zeldisr's, 2005 p. 130). Many of his patients explain how they feel their own body withdraw and turn on itself; and not even being able to eat or go to the bathroom (Friend, Mary and Louanne, 2011, p. 116). stress that dignity and integrity are very personal matters; it is probable that being dependent on others to perform basic activities of daily living threaten a patientr's dignity and thus determine when an explicit request for PAS is made. Perhaps to deny someone the ability to limit their suffering is cruel.

My main argument in support of PAS bears the concept that every capable human being has the right to decide on the way he or should wants to live. This very definition of right of independence should be protected and extended to individuals suffering from terminal conditions and therefore should possess jurisdiction of how and when they die (Weir, 2002, p. 33). Every individual should have the choice to experience a quality life and turn away any suffering and pain. Therefore, terminally ill patients should be allowed to die in dignity without independence and control being stripped from them.

In addition, one may say that the sanctity of life is greatly reduced upon gaining the diagnoses of an serious sickness (Kopelman & Allen, 2001, p. 203). After a diagnoses of a terminal disease, life is consumed by the master status of sickly experience. It will be defined by continuous hospital visits and long hospital activity such as surgeries. Lives of patients never are the same; reduced to a bed ridden life facing sympathies from close family and friends. I recently had the opportunity to experience my grandmother go through this dreadful lifestyle until her demise a week ago. I truly believe that the agony and torment is not worth going through knowing that death is imminent.

Terminal illness has the propensity to reduce individuals from strong, flexible and respected individuals to feeble suffering individuals who completely contingent on family or nurses for dehumanizing aspects of survival. Moreover, the mental capacity, hearing, vision, and other sense began to deteriorate swiftly and drastically. My family and I had to witness this worsening state, as do other families. I can truly say it was traumatic even for me. I can only remember a few vivid and lively experiences of my grandmother, due the fact that her image in her last months cloud my mind. When the patient eventually dies, the only memories left with the family are the sorry state of their loved one who died a sorry death (Stevens Jr., Kenneth R. 2006 p. 200). Why should anyone who lived a great and dignified life end in such a despondent state? To avoid such undignified death, PAD for terminally ill patients should be accepted and legalized in all states.

In contrast, I have found that there are many arguments that are for the prohibition of PAS. One that seems to be the more obvious one is that of health care providers. The medical community is very outspoken on this topic; it goes against the role of health care providers as healers. A health care providerr's primary concern is to first cause no harm (Kopelman, L. M., & Allen, K. D. 2001, p. 203). Physician assisted suicide obliterates the confidence one should have between their doctor. What will a patient think if it is known that their doctor helped and promoted someone else's death? Of course, sometimes a doctor can not cure a disease, but how would a patient feel knowing that the doctor gave up on another patient and persisted the suicide to occur. Would this idea make more than a few patients uncomfortable? Furthermore, it has been argued that PAS distorts the healing purpose of medicine (American Medical Association 1992). If physicians help kill patients, it can be seen as harm. Even though this argument is sound and does cause many problems, case must be weighed against the needs of the individual patient.

Another reason many are against PAS is that they believe it could lead to involuntary euthanasia (Stevens Jr., Kenneth R. 2006, p. 198) There is a fear that select groups and ethnicities would be targeted. Therefore, in order to prevent the spread of euthanasia, non-supporters (of PAS) believe that PAS should be prevented from being deemed lawful.

There are many arguments for and against assisted suicide, the answer of whether it is right or wrong remains unanswered. For one, PAS is an ethical issue that is dependent on a personr's values, morals, religion, and experiences. In general, deciding whether one is to live or die is a sensitive topic and can stir up strong emotions and opinions. I believe the ending of oner's life should be left in the hands of that one individual and nobody else. People say all the time ""It is your life, do with it as you want"", but why should this expression change when it is applied to death? Individuals should be free to determine.

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A Natural Law View on Assisted Suicide

To the common person, the term natural law may not hold much significance or may register in their mind as a type of law that is of the earth or based on nature. While this may seem like the right definition, it is not the case. The idea of Natural law is one which has a very broad range of application and is generally misapplied when the term is incorporated in the topics of science, philosophy, history, theology, and law. According to allaboutphilosophy.org, Natural Law is a moral theory of jurisprudence, which maintains that law should be based on whatr's correct. (1) Furthermore, they state that Natural Law is discovered by humans through the use of reason and choosing between good and evil. (1) Because of this, Natural Law is seen as a consistent method of reason which can be held universally in its standards of morality and ethics.

A commonly debated topic which is rooted in morality is that of assisted suicide and whether the actions taken by the one committing suicide and the one helping are moral or not. Assisted suicide and euthanasia are topics which have been looked at in the United States as uncommon practice for much of the early 1900s until the mid-70s and 80s, which is when the idea began to gain pubic attention and traction within the Supreme Court. The general idea in question when it comes to assisted suicide, is whether it is moral for a person to decide that they are ready to die and for someone to help them accomplish that desire. While over the years, the general view has been that suicide and assisted suicide is wrong and by all costs should be avoided. By looking at assisted suicide through the lens of Natural Law, I believe that assisted suicide could be allowed to let people could choose their own death. The only problem with this idea is that Natural Law is a body of unchanging moral principles which is regarded as the basis for how all humanity conducts themselves. This means that everyone would have the opportunity to choose assisted suicide if they so desired. Professor Robert George recognizes the Natural Law as central to the Western tradition of thought and morality, politics and law. (2) Furthermore, Americar's founding fathers sought to create institutions and procedures that enshrined those basic, natural rights that people possess, not as privileges or opportunities granted by the state, but as principles of Natural Law which it is the moral duty of the state to respect and protect. (3) Through this, people may believe that they have the right to act in whatever way they see necessary, which can be defended by saying that it is within the Natural Law for them to act in this manner. The aspect that they are not addressing is whether the actions are moral or not, which in the case of assisted suicide, they do not appear to be moral.

Although there has been much debate on whether assisted suicide decisions fit within the boundaries of Natural Law, there has been a push from the opposition on whether the rights from the Natural Law should be upheld and whether the justifications by Natural Law can bridge the gap between the schools of thought of Christianity and that of secular ethics within todays world. Craig Paterson speaks on how the laws of nature describe how physical entities act, Laws of nature are descriptive not prescriptive. These uniformities or regularities simply are. Physical entities do not deliberate on how they behave; they do not choose to act or not according to laws of nature. (4) He goes onto say that Natural Law is concerned with how the rational human being should act. I agree that human beings were created with minds and a will which makes them capable to make reasonable decisions after giving deliberation and thought to the situation. By their complex creation and by having the freedom and will to choose to act as they please, humans should have the ability to behave in a way that mere physical entities are not able. (4) By the above definition, this would allow human beings to choose to participate in assisted suicide if they gave it reasonable thought and deliberation and found it to be in their best interest. A reasonable human being would not choose to do something if it were not in what they saw as being in their own best interest or would provide them with optimum happiness.

So where does this fall into the ethics of Natural Law? The Natural Law can be defined as a group of principles of right action which prescribes behavior for situations of morally significant choosing. (5) In the words of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Natural Law is the rational creaturer's participation in the eternal law. (6) This definition implies that there are principles which have been reasoned from the Natural Law which are applicable to all people and should be used as common knowledge. Furthermore, the Bible alludes to the Natural Law as being written on the hearts of all men (7), while Aquinas referred to the general principles as being impressed on human reason by nature. (8) Any reasonable person can discern that they have within themselves the Natural Law which should provide them with the knowledge needed to help them make the appropriate decisions in whatever situation they may face. The Natural Law, whether we seem to realize it or not, influences many of the decisions that we make every day. Whether we act out of selfishness when given the opportunity or if we act selflessly and do the moral thing, we are being influenced by the Natural Law which can play such an influential role in our lives.

This question of whether we are acting morally selfish or selfless can come into question when talking about the topic of assisted suicide. While some people may not be in favor of allowing assisted suicide, one could argue that by not allowing assisted suicide you are being morally selfish and inconsiderate of the person who is requesting this. The person who is asking to be allowed to end their own life in the manner that they wish, could be going through a very difficult disease or may simply have peace with dying at that given time. While some people may not agree with this means of dying, it is not up us to decide the fate of that other person. On the contrary, some people not in favor of assisted suicide may suggest that it is not that individualr's decision on whether they should end their life. And it is certainly not ours to say what they can or cannot do with the time God has given them on earth. What we can do is encourage them to live in a way that honors God and in most peopler's eyes that would mean not committing assisted suicide or assisting someone in suicide no matter the circumstances that they are in.

Giving a Biblical take on the moral law, as mentioned before in Romans 2 2:15 it says that the Natural Law has been written on the hearts of all men. (7) Since it is written in the Bible that the Natural Law is written on the hearts of all men, it should be presumed that the Natural Law should follow the moral standards of the Bible. With this said, in Exodus 20:13 it says, You shall not murder (9) which a reasonable person should stretch to the standard of You shall not murder or help someone murder. In relation to assisted suicide, the person killing themselves and the person administering or aiding in the suicide are both breaking the sixth commandment of the Bible. The big question is why is something as vile as breaking a commandment given to us by God, a commandment which is supposed to be written on the hearts of all men, so easily and frequently committed? I believe that the discussion of whether assisted suicide is moral and whether it follows under the views of Natural Law is simply a mockery of the commandments of God. While we are called by God to show others compassion and mercy, I do not see how taking oner's own life and assisting in that action could be necessary and morally just by society or the government. I mention the government since it is the government who passes the laws and makes it legal to commit and to assist in assisted suicide. A government and nation which is supposed to be One nation under God (10) and by that mention, a government and nation which abides by laws given to us by God through the Bible.

On the opposition of this opinion, people who do not see the need for there to be a Natural Law or for us to follow or do not recognize the Natural Law, would most likely argue that they have the freedom and ability to decide their own fate. While this may be true, and as Americanr's we are given the right to many things which can determine how our lives play out, we should not overlook the power which we are given with these decisions. The right or the ability to take oner's own life is a decision which we should not have. And if someone is considering making that decision, they should be more than sure about that very final and decisive decision. Furthermore, a person who is in favor of the ability to choose assisted suicide would most likely argue that not everyoner's circumstances would be the same and that there are certain circumstances which should allow for assisted suicide. For example, if an individual was in a very serious accident and there was nothing that could be done to end the pain and save their life, one could argue that the individual should be given the option to be taken off life support.

Although the individual who would die is not the one administering the ending of the life support, the doctor doing it would be assisting in the death of the patient. In many peopler's eyes, this situation would seem morally just and reasonable for the practice of assisted suicide to be deemed legal and morally just. In relation to assisted suicide, the person requesting the treatment is often critically ill or has a terminal disease. In cases like these, it could be deemed rational to allow them to choose assisted suicide as a means to end their suffering. Whereas if someone were not terminally and was just having a run of bad luck with work, or injuries, they should not be able to choose assisted suicide. If the person is able to recover and return from the difficulty that they are going through, then they should not be able to choose assisted suicide. My point is, that only people who are terminal and have incurable diseases or who are in excruciating pain, in many cases would be the only ones able to participate in assisted suicide.

Another argument in favor of assisted suicide is that what if someoner's quality of life is not at the optimum level and that there is nothing which could be done to improve it besides dying? If someone does not see their quality of life improving, then they would argue that they have the right to make their life better by ending it. While this might just seem outright ridiculous to some of us, it may seem rational to others. The need to be in control of their life is just as important as being alive and when an individual is not willing to give up that control, they take their own life to maintain that control. Regarding Natural Law, one with this view of dying to maintain control and happiness would say that within the moral principles there should not be a standard to measure happiness. Meaning that not everyone will find happiness in the same things that every other person will. It could be argued that this may be one of the best arguments in favor of assisted suicide. That people should be able to pursue their optimum happiness however they see fit and that there should be no hindrance on this. Normally this pursuit of happiness comes at a price, one where in normal lives we must give up something simple to have something else. In the case of assisted suicide and happiness, the thing being given up is a personr's life, which to the reasonable person would seem to be extreme measures to achieve happiness.

While this seems to be a decent argument, I still believe that a reasonable person would see the actions associated with assisted suicide as ones which should not be allowed on a regular basis but only under extreme circumstances. Based on the Natural law, I do not see how assisted suicide is aligned with this law. Although I personally do not agree with it, I could see how one may request that assisted suicide be allowed if it were the only option of someone to end their pain and suffering of which there would be no other alternative other than death. In these rare cases I think that assisted suicide could be morally just by society. Furthermore, it would not fall under the Natural Law if it were not a law set in uniform for all of humanity. It would seem to go against the Natural Law if it were only applied to some people and others it was not. This is saying that some people would have a kind of excuse to be able to commit assisted suicide while others were not allowed. If this would be the case, I would say just outlaw the practice of assisted suicide all together to eliminate any possible biases in the selection of who can and who cannot commit assisted suicide. This determination of who would be allowed would need to come from the government and in that case, there would be many hurdles to climb in order to get the law passed and there would be many people opposed to the idea of assisted suicide to be legal. I also believe that the criteria of who can commit assisted suicide and who is not would be very complex and would incorporate a process which would take so long that the people who are ill and request assisted suicide would die naturally before they could commit assisted suicide.

In conclusion, a Natural law view would deem the act of assisted suicide as unjust and morally wrong, except for the cases when it is the only possibility for an individual to achieve happiness and be relieved of pain and suffering. While this may be a very general interpretation, I think that it is the only way that laws could be written which would allow people to use assisted suicide legally. While I personally am not in favor of assisted suicide, I do recognize how some people may see assisted suicide as being the only means to achieving happiness and relieve suffering. In the end, I firmly believe that we are to respect the gift of life which God has given us and that we are commanded to treat it with the utmost respect and honor.

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New Life Chopin Story of an Hour

The Story of An Hour Story by Chopin the setting was in 1880r's which effects many of the events in plots. During this period women especially, in upper middle class and first class was house wives and stay at home mothers, with this role the woman is expected to care for her husband, child(ren) and house. If woman wants to exit a marriage because they have fell out of love for them, her husband was caught cheating on her, or their husband is being abusive to hers. She cannot divorce him. Only the husband can order a divorce on their marriage if he wish and if he was rich since divorce papers was costly back when. Another way a woman can get out of a marriage is if her husband dies. Which is how Louise Mallard got out of her marriage. After her husband Richards Mallard was reported dead after a train accident, because of the accident Louise was finally able to exit her marriage and she can start a new life. Having a fresh new start without worrying about making caring for her husband and making sure he is happy. Richard being dead also means that Louise is not mental prisoner anymore since she was trapped in a marriage with a man who she barely loved. She had a new life for an hour after her husband died. One reason the story talks on how she sat in front of square window in a spring day (Chopin 398). During the spring season she see plants and animals coming out of hibernate, and when many animals have their offspring. Spring also symbolism: reborn, a new life and begin, a fresh start and renewal. Spring is an important part of the story since Mrs. Mallard started off crying in her room when she found out husband died before she realized she was finally free. During this scene the author showed how the weather was transitioning from a spring shower to the sun trying to shine in the sky which is found in showing Mrs. Mallard changed feeling she may had been having at this point and foreshowing the fact her husband is not truly dead, ruining her chances of a new life (Chopin 398). Also in Chopin said: She had felt it, creep out the sky reaching toward her though the sounds, scents, the colors that filed the air (Chopin 398). This show her realizing she is finally able to begin a new life, like how nature is renewing itself and any animals gives new life and plant begins to grow again. The next reason, after crying for a few minutes she began to whisper free (Chopin 399) she slowly realizes she was not married to a Mr. Mallard a man who thought of who she only at certain times and will description as an old man whom she viewed as old and boring. Mrs. Mallard whisper: Free! body and soul free! (Chopin. 399) this showed that she was excited or relived that she can finally live a free from Mr. Mallard free she does not have to listen her husband whenever he asks or tell her to do something. She does have to care for him by making sure she cooked for him every day, cleaning his clothes and ironing them. She does not have worry about making sure he is happy or pleased, anymore. She is completely free form he formerly life, she now life a stress-free life. Once her sister had got her out of her room Louise was described having a feverish triumph in her eyes and carried herself unwittingly like a goddess which showed us filly accept to fact her husband died, and she free to started a new life with a different kind of freedom (Chopin 399). Lastly at the end of story, Mrs. Mallard died after seeing her husband. the doctor believes her heart disease had caused her death, and source which cause heart disease to flame up and make her die was joy (Chopin 400) from seeing her husband who turned did not dead in the train accident. I believed she died when she realized all her hopes and dreams of her new life without her husband Mr. Mallard. Richard standing at the bottom of the stairs and looking at her (Chopin 399) which symbolism her dreams and hopes going from under her. Once she saw her husband it was like a bullet want thought her heart, since she never lives the life she been thinking up for the last hour. Her freedom and dreams were completely gone once she saw her husband since none of her plans for future was with him. Louise had breath a quick prayer hoping that might be long before she left the room with Josephine in since, they were foreshadowing that Richard, not her future of happy spring and summer days not married (Chopin 399). Considering that many people only will only pray if they are in hard times or feel like something bad may happens. If Louise truly felt freed at that time the author would have most likely said she thanked god or said her graces. In conclusion, Mrs. Mallard had a new life for an hour. She now able to be free. the season spring had shown her she is able to have a fresh started of life. All this was shatter once she saw her husband. Since all her hopes and dreams about her life was gone as soon her husband.
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Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal in Every State?

Physician-Assisted Suicide, or PAS, consists of a terminally ill patient requesting to end their life on their own terms rather than letting the diagnosis determine their time of death. Patients are requesting to die with dignity instead of living their last moments in agony. Some can say that Physician-Assisted Suicide should not be an option. One can argue that human dignity and life are sacred or that doctors have a specific role in keeping their patients alive, but should anyone have a say so in how you choose to live or die? With the rising costs of healthcare, suffering through a painful diagnosis, and laws that protect the patient and the person administering the lethal medication; Physician-Assisted Suicide should be legal in all 50 states.

People are diagnosed with terminal illnesses every single day. One of the first conversations a Physician will have with a patient is palliative care options which begin at the time of diagnosis. This offers the patient a care option when there are no known cures for their illness. In severe cases, the Physician might directly request that the patient is put in hospice. While palliative care offers hope for a cure, hospice may be suggested if the patient has a terminal illness which would lead to death in a shorter amount of time with only a treatment plan specialized for maintaining a patientr's comfort.

Both options are extremely expensive since most insurance companies do not cover all services rendered under palliative or hospice care. Many insurance plans cover some palliative care services, such as pain management. But they tend not to cover services delivered by registered nurses, social workers and chaplains. Many Medicare, Medicaid and private insurance plans offer scant or no coverage of home visits, coordination of care, wound care, social and spiritual counseling, 24-hour hotlines, advanced care planning and family support(para 14). While palliative care reduces the number of hospitalizations and frequent trips to the emergency room, the average cost for receiving this service is $95.30 per day (Ollove). If a patient is put directly on hospice, Medicaid will pay all expenses while Medicare pays for most services. Those on Medicare are still responsible for paying room and board if they are in a nursing facility, emergency care, and any medication attempting to cure their illness (Fay). All these additional costs to pursue care quickly add up. If the alternate option of PAS was legal, that number would drop drastically. The most well-known medication for induced death is known as Seconal. When prescribed under the Death with Dignity law, this medication can cost upwards of $5,000. Due to an increase in price, alternate mixtures have been developed in order to cut costs. The phenobarbital/chloral hydrate/morphine sulfate mix has been found to produce a similar effect and has lowered the cost of PAS from $5,000 to $500 (FAQS). Physician-Assisted Suicide would not only help lift financial burdens placed on the patients and their families, but it would also help prevent them from suffering.

Being diagnosed with a terminal illness is the first step on a long journey of pain, discomfort, and suffering. Depending on what diagnosis a patient receives will determine the amount of strain that will be placed on their body before they expire. Cancer is one of the leading causes of patients requesting Physician-Assisted Suicide. The effects of cancer itself are detrimental to oner's health and the treatment options that are provided inflict more suffering. The side effects of treatment can include pain, nausea, swelling, memory loss, and becoming more susceptible to infections (Side Effects of Cancer Treatment). Along with cancer, AIDS also takes a toll on oner's body. Once one is infected, they can expect to experience thrush, shingles, weight loss, and sores. As their infection grows, so does their unpleasant symptoms. The later stage of AIDS induces bacterial infections, fever, diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, tuberculosis, and pneumonia (Mtwisha). There are several terminal illnesses that take a toll on everyone who is diagnosed. Patients should not be expected to live out their days in agony and their families should not have to watch them suffer. Legalizing PAS would put an end to their suffering and let the patients end their life on their own terms when they are ready.

Choosing PAS is a viable option that is now legalized in California, Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and DC along with Montana by Supreme Court ruling (State-by-State Guide to Physician-Assisted Suicide). Although Physician-Assisted Suicide is legal, there are specific eligibility restrictions that the states must follow. The patient must be a resident of the states listed above, they must be 18 years or older, and must be mentally competent. Patients must also be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to their passing within a six-month period. Patients must also be able to take their prescribed medication without assistance. There are no exceptions to any of these rules. To obtain the dosages of medication, the patient must first make an initial oral request for the lethal medication. The physician who receives the request must be licensed in the patientr's state and the request must take place in that state. Secondly, the physician must confirm that the patient meets all criteria and they are also responsible for discussing all alternative care options. A second physician must confirm the illness, life expectancy, and mental competence of the patient. If one physician finds that the patientr's judgement is flawed, a psychological evaluation will need to be done before the patient can move forward with the PAS process. After both physicians find that the patient meets all criteria, the patient must wait a minimum of 15 days to make the second oral request. Once the second request is made, the prescription is written. At any given time, the patient can change their mind. They can choose to not fill the prescription or if the prescription is already filled, they can choose not to take it.(How Death with Dignity Laws Work). These restrictions help protect the patient who chooses PSA and Physicians that administer the medication.

Most believe that a doctorr's main objective in their career is to keep their patient alive. In specific cases, they are right. When doctors know that the patient can make a recovery with little to no consequences of the diagnosis, they are expected to do whatever it takes to make sure that they do not have to call time of death. Doctors also must keep the patientr's best interest in mind. There should be an option for patients that have no cure available to them to pass before the diagnosis takes over them and they are no longer that person that everyone else had known. Human dignity and life itself are considered sacred. Keeping someone alive is not the only way of showing dignity. What life does someone have when he or she is no longer able to enjoy it? The pain from terminal illnesses alone is enough for a patient to lead a miserable life. Human dignity and the sacredness of life is the quality of life, not the quantity. Dignity comes when someone is suffering, and people offer their support with all choices made by that patient and standing with them in their time of need.

Physician-Assisted Suicide should be legal in all 50 states. Patients should not have to suffer until their diagnoses take their life. Patients deserve to die with dignity without spending the rest of their lives in pain and the financial burden that continuous healthcare places on them. Laws have been placed to protect not only the physicians but the patients as well. Patients should have their voices heard when it comes to their own lives especially when dealing with something as serious as life and death.

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What Happened in the Story of an Hour?

In 1894, There was a great story written by Kate Chopin. The story was called the story of an hour. The story focused on the main character Mrs. Mallardr's The story starts with lots of excitements but then ending not the best thing that you would think that could happen. There are so many insights that shows so many different points in this story that makes it really.

The story really talks about: What the message is about?

What action might be given? (Clugston,2014). There may be some answered in why was this marriage was so dysfunctional. Was the marriage lacking communication, freedom, confinement and mortality. Dysfunctional marriage might have something to do with how the wifer's where to be toward their husband back in 19 centuries. Women were only allowed to cook, clean and care for the children. Women were only supposed make their husband happy with pleasure. Women had no rights they couldnt no show their emotions an anyways. If a woman worked which was not very often. They had to give there husband the money they do make. In a marriage is there a true love?

Mrs. Mallard found out about her husband death while on the train. That not only her husband was not dead after all. How would you explain to someone that this happen? When the message was told. She became sick to the point she started having heart problems. In which at this point causing her more damage to her heart the freedom has to deal with how her marriage, and how bad her heat was. Her freedom was token away suddenly when she was confined to are place. When her husband passed she thought she had her freedom. And it was given back. When she realized her husband was still alive. Her happiness and joy and came crashing down.

The story happened so fast. The Changes were so drastically in her. Mrs. Mallard had an hour to really process what has happen to her husband. But then a minute later she found out that the news she heard about her husband was not true. When she found out her husband was gone she thought she had a life the way she may have wanted. That all changed when she found out about her husband and that he was still alive. Her dreams came to a big halt when she found out that someone might have been gone then turns out they werent. This news came to be the scariest moment in her life. The emotions that Mrs. Mallard had to over come from the death of her husband. Caused her own death instead. Her freedom that she thought she may have had was all token away just like that. Mrs. Mallard could not handle anymore and caused her heart to end.

The readers were able to really understand more about the characters in the story. There were many different views have things have went through the story. The person who wrote the story was compassionate and made Mrs. Mallardr's thought seeing to the sensible and more reasonable. There was still something that she might be scared of. But she would keep to herself.

Mrs. Mallard felt that reaching out to the sound and the world around her was something she need to do. Mrs. Mallard my have been in one of that dysfunctional marriage. But the way that was out of her marriage was not what she was hoping for she wasnt not happy in her marriage. Mrs. Mallard thought she was finally free. After hearing about her husband death. But that turned not to be true. Her freedom was exciting but scared for her at the same time. The narrated wrote that Mrs. Mallard was being a little selfish and not caring about her husband.

The story of Mrs. Mallard life the of emotions, that really ended her life. Some detachment was there. Mrs. Mallard idea of a marriage may have been wonderful but the last things she wanted was her freedom. They were other characters in the story that you may not have heard. There was her sister Josephine and Richard friends husband. The story ended was she dying was so fast. But the shocked she had developed made her unable to go on with her life. The shock happens when she found out that her husband was still alive and that her freedom was no longer hers. So, the stress from hearing the news broke her causing her heart to into shock.

In conclusion, there are still many un answered question on why this all did happen. What really did happen to Mrs. Mallard? Did she really died are was a trick to get out of her marriage? The story was short so they had to make sure that there were some elements that can support the point view. The story leaves it so us readers have to decided what really went on.

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Doctor Assisted Suicide

While taking your own life may be wrong, Doctor-assisted suicide should be acceptable because the patient or individual may feel the need to undergo the process of Doctor-assisted suicide because they are suffering from something that may be making life difficult for them. Also, people may feel the need to undergo a procedure like this because they feel like it is their only hope and they just want to be put to rest. The individual most of the time is experiencing something that some people cannot around them cannot understand and they feel like they are trapped in an unbearable situation that they cannot cope with and feel the need to ask a doctor for help and put them to sleep. Again it may seem wrong but Doctor-assisted suicide is the better alternative to having to suffer through all the problems and deep pain that the person may be facing. On the other hand it also it helps the individual finally be relieved of all the pain that they may be feeling on the inside and out. Although it may seem unlikely but there is a possibility that a person gets themselves into a terrible situation resulting in a horrible injury but it is possible. Chances are that someone might be put in a situation as grave as this. If so I should be legal for the person to make their own choice and chose to take their own life because this procedure gives them something that medicine cannot give them.

A good example of a people who may need this procedure might be patients that are Terminally ill meaning that they have a disease that is not able to be cured. These people would rather be put to sleep than to have to suffer the rest of their life knowing they have this disease that causes them such great pain and will never be cured. In a situation like that the person may believe that the best choice is to be put to death. Also being put to death by a Doctor is also the best choice for a terminally ill patient because it reduces the fear of the patient because he knows that his death will be painless and he wont have to live through his current pain and suffering. The important part of the topic is that people understand that these patients are not choosing to Die because they want to simply just die. They are asking to be put to death because they are in such deep pain and suffering that they cannot express to others. This specific procedure is currently only available in 7 States and for the procedure to be approved "the physician must be a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.) licensed to practice medicine by the Board of Medical Examiners for the State of Oregon. The physician must also be willing to participate in the Act." (CNN) The Doctor also has to verify that the patient is a resident of the State that the procedure is legal in.

The problem with this is that this is currently only legal in 7 states but all people should have the right to be put to death if they really have to need to undergo the process but that is for the State to decide on. People should have the right to chose to die. If the Individual feels the need to do it it should be completely legal to do so but the law states that As soon as one takes steps to end the life of another, they may become criminally liable for homicide. (HG Legal Resources) but it really does not make much sense. People should be able to be put to death if they want to because it is their own body but the law forbids this practice for a reason that remains very unclear to the public. The reason Physician Assisted suicide is illegal is not clearly stated by the court of law but the other main argument is that such practices are immoral and state that Doctors who commit these crimes have violated many of the rules and values that they agreed to follow when they became a doctor. (LEP). But many believe against this because it's not immoral if the patient is suffering and really needs this procedure. It is more immoral to let the patient suffer just because people believe it's not ok for a person to be put to death but people do not have the slightest idea of what these people might be going through. But then again this is still immoral in the eyes of the law and the public. The choice belongs to the person who feels the need to die not the law that forbids this act.

There are many people in the United States and even in the World that need this procedure because they dont want to suffer through something, not even their worst enemy deserves. There are innocent people that have Terminal illnesses and each one of them have to fight through the pain, the tears, and sorrow to have to put up with another day of agony knowing that they will never be cured just because it is immoral and illegal to be put to sleep by a Doctor who is only trying to calm the patient down and finally put them at peace. The people should have the right to make the choice they think is best for them. The Practice Doctor Assisted Suicide should be acceptable and legal for anyone with the need of it because they do not deserve to suffer what they are going through.

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Physician-Assisted Suicide: the Law and Professional Ethics

The discussion to make physician-assisted suicide legal has created mixed reactions among the US citizens. Despite its ethical prohibitions, some people continue to express their interest in the act. People have increasingly shown their concerns and fears regarding how their lives will end. Some people have voiced out their opinions on euthanasia, and surprisingly, a section of them continue to advocate for the legalization of the process. Others have expressed their disgrace in the debate surrounding legalization of the process as it is against the ethical code of living. As a result, the American College of Physicians (ACP), continue being attentive to all concerns raised by people. It makes sense that patients suffering from some terminal, painful illnesses and patients from tragic accident experience a lot of pain and some may prefer death to life. Cases of this type lead to a debate on whether physicians should be allowed to terminate life.

In a society where the laws of land give everyone a right to life, a discussion about whether people have the right to end their lives under whichever conditions have attracted divergent views among citizens. Although it is the wish of most people to live long and enjoy life, some life situations like excessive pain after an accident or a long severing resulting from terminal diseases may make life unbearable forcing some people to prefer death to life. As a result, most Americans are concerned whether on whether dying patients have the right to acquire assistance from a physician (Emanuel et al. 78)

The debate has drawn its fair share of critics as against work ethics for the physicians and patients who subscribe to the belief that one has the right to die peacefully should have their concerns addressed (Battin and Margaret P 67). However, before the rights of such citizens are treated, difficulties posed the procedure should be discussed. For instance, it has proven quite hard to control euthanasia. Whatever the case, the decision to grant terminally ill patients the right to euthanasia should be considered. Patients autonomy should be respected, and the argument that is aiding patientr's sickness is in line with the role of a physician to relieve pain and suffering in ailing people.

It is argued that allowing physicians aide in the death of a pertinent is a breach of their ethical traditions. Although it is quite understanding as the traditional physicians work ethics are centered in caring and protecting patients lives, the wish of the patient should be granted (Quill et al. 246). The suffering of dying patients may be unbearable as a result of nausea, extreme pain and other physiologic conditions like anxiety and depression (Emanuel et al. 80). In such circumstances, some patients prefer to be given the freedom of timing the time of their demise. Medical assistance to such patients should be checked. Similarly, the role of medicine to relieve pain through induced death under patients wish should be considered. The main subject in euthanasia debate should be the patient and not the physician.

The possibility of people taking advantage of the right to physician-assisted death is still a significant concern. Sometimes people undergoing solvable problems in life such as stress resulting from family and marriage conflicts and tough economic times may choose death over living. The rights to euthanasia should be limited to conditions of extreme pain and possibly long time coma and severe memory loss. Measures prohibiting people from taking advantage of medically and physically and psychologically solvable problems should be put in place. Such an action can bring order and prevent people from taking power. The decision to end life should be exclusively left to patients to avoid cases of ill-fated physicians killing eternally ill patients in life supporting machines and intensive care units (Battin and Margaret P 70). Patients expressing the will to euthanasia should have their conditions examined to determine their fate. For instance, patients suffering from some diseases or in stages of illness can be advised appropriately upon medical cross-examination. Should such patients choose euthanasia, their wishes can be granted.

A judge named Stephen Reinhardt backed the claims whether anyone has the right to assisted suicide in the United States. When presented with the case whether any person has the right to euthanasia, Judge Reinhardt ruling stated that any adult person who has lived almost all his/ her life has the paramount liberty to select a civil and humane death instead of being subjected to a natural diapered state when if they are terminally ill. This was one of the landmark rulings that defends aided suicide. People should therefore not be subjected to severe suffering by denying them the right. Human beings suffering from terminal illnesses have rights just as healthy people and should be not be subjected to inhuman suffering when they can choose to end their lives peacefully.

Nonetheless, terminating life should not be the case in the United States. Continued improvements in medicine have produced drugs capable of treating severe human pain. Although medicine may not address some conditions today, future advanced in the area may come up with such medications. Additionally, society should learn to give people nearing the end of their lives good care both emotionally and physically. A 1997 research in the United States by IOM about approaching death found out that there was insufficient end-of-life care in the country. Research from proceeding years has backed up the claims. Cases of patients receiving poor or no care at all during their weak moments are quite familiar. The society should learn to give adequate care and support to their ailing and terminally suffering people. Adopting such a culture would reduce the number of people seeking aided death.

The observation that most people worry about how they will die should be looked in to keenly. Americans should consider subscribing to programs that take care of people in their end of life moments. Disease prone and ailing older adults should be moved to nursing homes where they can receive quality care and diet in their dying moments (Quill et al. 245). Americans should also prioritize palliative care which takes care of terminally ill people and families. People should be encouraged to plan for palliative care programs which would take care of their conditions in case they become terminally ill.

Finally, research in the United States has documented the elderly and people who have cancer as prone to subscribing to euthanasia drugs. For instance, research in Oregon State in 2014, established that 69% of people taking lethal medication had cancer while 68% of all those taking the drugs were above the age of 65 years. From the findings, the government and the society should increase their support care and compassion to such groups of people. Aided death should be used severe critical conditions of acute suffering and for elderly people with terminal illnesses. The country revises physician-aided suicide law and sets in combat regulations to allow terminally-ill people choosing euthanasia death path enjoy their right.

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Symbolism in the House on Mango Street

Coming of age is like a plant, starts off as nothing but a seed, small, sweet, and innocent but slowly over time begins to grow into something much bigger. Much like a plant is a person, that can grow and learn and this can be seen in the novel House On Mango Street written by Sandra Cisneros. The beginning of the novel shows the sadness felt by Esperanza having to constantly move from house to house, always having to share, having the responsibility of her younger sister Nanny, living in a neighborhood where she feels unwelcomed, struggling with her identity, and finally making friends but not being able to share how she truly feels because they dont understand her experiences.

Towards the middle readers can see a little transformation on the way Esperanza acts and thinks, which is more adult-like. At the end is where Esperanza grows the most she gets a job and learns to deal and cope with multiple deaths. In the novel The House On Mango Street written by Sandra Cisneros uses Figurative language, symbolism, indirect characterization, diction, and selection of details to portray the theme of coming of age and how both good and bad experiences play an important role on how and when someone grows and matures in life.

In the first vignette The House On Mango Street Sandra Cisneros uses a selection of details to show a theme of coming of age and how certain experiences can cause people to grow up in different ways. For one thing, the author states but what I remember most is moving a lot (Cisneros,1). This detail can show readers that moving a lot can mean getting to know a whole new neighborhood, never having real friends, and having to constantly try to make new friends, doing all of this many times can lead to depression and loneliness. This supports the theme of coming of age because it shows how people start off as, which is sad and alone. Another key point, is when the author states Each time there seemed to be one more of us (Cisneros,1).

This detail shows that since her family was growing, and not only did she grow up poor, but also had to look after and take care for each child. This ties back to the theme of coming of age because being able to look after someone other than yourself shows responsibility and if someone is responsible then their growing up and beginning to mature. All in all, the theme coming of age occurs multiple times in the text to show that both good and bad experiences are an important factor in growing up, such as being faced with the struggle of moving from house to house and having the responsibility of younger siblings.

In the second vignette Hairs Sandra Cisneros uses figurative language to show the theme of coming of age and how environments and family can play a role on the amount of time it takes someone to mature. To point out, the text states And me, my hair is lazy. It never obeys barrettes or bands (Cisneros,6). This example of personification personifies the author's hair as lazy, this shows the personality of the author to be lazy and disobedient, never following the rules. This example upholds the theme of coming of age by showing how the author starts off as, as a person, readers will begin to see the transformation from lazy and childlike to adulthood throughout the novel. Another example, stated is But my motherr's hair, my mother's hair, like little rosettes, like little candy circles all curly and pretty (Cisneros,6). This example of a simile compares Esperanzar's motherr's hair to candy and rosettes, which show the loving, caring, and safe feeling the mother brings to her children. This defends the theme of coming of age because the environment and nature a person is being raised in provides an idea to how the person will grow up and how fast they will mature. All things considered, the Sandra Cisneros successfully uses figurative language to portray the theme of coming of age in her novel and shows how environments in which a person is raised in or lives in can have an effect on how and when a person grows up.

In the third vignette Boys and girls Sandra Cisneros uses symbolism to portray the theme of coming of age and how having siblings or people to look after put people on a fast path to maturity and growing up. For example, the text states And since she comes right after me, she is my responsibility (Cisneros,8). This evidence symbolizes Nenny, Esperanza's younger sister, to be a responsibility and a chore showing how since she is older than Nenny she is given the responsibility of looking after her.

This example supports the theme of coming of age by showing how the responsibility given increases based on how old a person is. Another example, is when the author states Until then I am a red balloon, a balloon tied to an anchor (Cisneros,9). The example symbolizes the color red as her bright and vibrant personality, the balloon as freedom, and being tied to an anchor as having the responsibility of Nenny and the experience of growing up poor on Mango Street. This example confirms the theme of coming of age by showing how Esperanza is growing up and being responsible instead of worrying about herself and following her dream of having a best friend, she takes care and looks after her sister. To conclude, Sandra Cisneros does a good job portraying the theme coming of age in her novel The House On Mango Street and showing readers how people who have siblings may mature faster than those who don't because they are given the responsibility of looking after others.

In the fourth vignette My Name Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to show the theme coming of age and how thinking of oner's future and trying not to follow in someoner's wrong path of life shows growth and maturity. For example, the text states I would like to baptize myself under a new name, a name more like the real me, the one nobody sees (Cisneros,11). This example shows that Esperanza is lost, she has no idea who she is, except for the fact that the name she has now is not the real her. This upholds the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza is confused on her identity and needs more time to figure it out in order to grow. Another example, is when the author states I have inherited her name but i dont want to inherit her place by the window (Cisneros,11). This example shows Esperanzar's thought and how she is hopeful, because she hopes she doesnt turn out like her grandmother, sad and lost. This supports the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza is thinking of her future and wants what is best for her, which is something that an adult would think about, which shows growth. Altogether, Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to show a theme of coming of age and how people thinking about what they what for their future is a big step towards maturity.

In the fifth vignette Cathy Queen Of Cats Sandra Cisneros uses negative diction to show a theme of coming of age and how the type of people someone hangs out or associates with can affect how well that person grow up. For example, the author states words such as away, bad, and farther (Cisneros,13). This example of negative diction shows the struggle Esperanza is going through, being in a neighborhood that is deteriorating because people like her are moving in. This upholds the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza feels misplaced and unwelcomed in a neighborhood she just moved into. Another example is when the author states words such as baby, big, and skinny (Cisneros,13). This example of negative diction shows the type of person Cathy is, which is sweet, kind, and pure to be taking in and caring for all these different types of cats. This confirms the theme coming of age because it shows the difference between Esperanzar's friend Cathy and her new friends to come who will end up being the opposite. All this shows, Sandra Cisneros conveys the theme of coming of age through the use of negative diction in her book and shows how the type of friends someone has will have an effect on the way the person grows up.

In the sixth vignette Our Good Day Sandra Cisneros uses symbolism to show the theme coming of age and how choices made by people affect the way they grow up in life. For example, the text states Two new friends and a bike too (Cisneros,15). This example symbolizes happiness because Esperanza finally has the friends she has been dreaming about and a new bike which can symbolize freedom to go anywhere, and she doesnt have to share these new things with anyone especially Nenny which is what makes it a good day. This ties to the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza is progressing into an adult, having things to herself and not having to share with her sister like a little kid. Another example, is when the text states Dont talk to them, says Cathy. Cant you see they smell like a broom (Cisneros,14). This example can symbolize the dislike Cathy has for the girls, it shows how Cathy looks down on Rachel and Lucy, but Esperanza is drawn to them because they share her status as an outsider. This example supports the theme coming of age because it shows how little Esperanza thinks about her choices, she chooses to pay for friends who seem to be trouble rather than keep the good and sweet friend she has now. Given these points, Sandra Cisneros uses Symbolism to show the theme coming of age and how the choices people choose to make have a toll on how well someone grows up.

In the thirteenth vignette There Was An Old Woman She Had So Many Children She Didnt Know What To Do Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to show the theme coming of age and how people shouldnt have to take responsibility for random people who are obnoxious and reckless, but should instead focus on themselves and try to grow as person. For instance, the text states The kids bend trees and bounce between cars...they think its funny. They are without respect for all living things (Cisneros,29). This example shows that the kids are careless and obnoxious, never showing respect for others. This confirms the theme of coming of age because it shows how selfish people can be in the beginning, not caring about anyone they might hurt, and it shows how much growing they still have to do. Another example, is when the text states No wonder everybody just gave up, Just stopped looking out (Cisneros,30). This example shows how the people on Mango Street are maturing, and are learning not to worry about selfish people. This supports the theme coming of age because it shows how people are choosing to get away and not deal with childish and reckless people, instead they ignore them and grow. In a final analysis, Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to portray the theme coming of age in her novel and show how people mature best when they dont have to worry about reckless and selfish people because they are given room to grow and mature.

In the seventeenth vignette The Family Of Little Feet Sandra Cisneros uses symbolism to show the theme coming of age and how the decisions someone makes in a situation shows how mature that person actually is. For example, the text states Lucy, Rachel, and me tee-tottering like so. Down the corner were men cant take their eyes off us. We must me Christmas (Cisneros,40). This example symbolizes adulthood, their wearing shoes that only adults would use and act and walk like adults. This connects back to the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza is growing up and starting to look like an adult and wear things that adults would. Another example, is when the text states But we dont like it we got to go (Cisneros,41). This example symbolizes adult thinking, because it shows how the girls knew that what was happening wasnt right and was probably dangerous and decided to get out of that situation as fast as possible. This upholds the theme coming of age because it shows how the girls were finally thinking as adults because most kids wouldnt have left so quickly and might have taken the dollar the bum was trying to give them. In brief, Sandra Cisneros uses symbolism to portray the theme coming of age and how if someone tries to act and think like an adult then that can make them grow up and mature faster.

In the twenty first vignette The First Job Sandra Cisneros uses selection of details to show the theme coming of age and how getting a job and solving real life struggles is a really great step towards maturity because it shows responsibility. For example the text states Aunt Lala said she had found a job for me (Cisneros,54). This example shows how Esperanza is stepping up as a person and is getting a job. This ties back to the theme coming of age because it shows the responsibility that is coming Esperanzas way, having a job is not easy at all, but she is doing it anyway and now will have her own money to spend. Another example, is When lunchtime came, I was scared to eat alone (Cisneros,54). This example shows how she is being forced to overcome new challenges she is faced with in a new environment. This upholds the theme coming of age because being able to adapt to an unfamiliar environment is a skill that most adults have and that means Esperanza is becoming an adult. On the whole, Sandra Cisneros uses selection of details to portray the theme coming of age and how though life people are faced with difficult challenges and it is their responsibility to find a way to solve and adapt to these challenges.

In the twenty eighth vignette Sire Sandra Cisneros uses Selection of details to show the theme coming of age in her novel and how being in a relationship can be both negative and positive when maturing and growing up. For example, the text states that I had to prove to me that i wasnt scared of nobodyr's eyes, not even his (Cisneros,72). This example shows how much Esperanza has grown throughout the book, she is trying to prove to herself that she is better than she thinks she is by showing herself sher's not scared. This defends the theme coming of age because it shows that she is doing this for herself not for the benefits of others, proving that she has grown since the beginning of the book. Another example, is when the text states I want to sit out bad at night, a boy around my neck and wind under my skirt (Cisneros,73). This example shows the need for someone, someone to be with and to have, like how Lois has Sire. This supports the theme coming of age because it shows how Esperanza is becoming a woman, and wants someone to be around with her through her life. Summing up, Sandra Cisneros uses selection of details to show the theme coming of age and how being in a relationship can either speed up or slow down the process of maturing.

In the thirty first vignette Rafaela Who Drinks Coconut And Papaya Juice On Tuesdays Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to show the theme coming of age and how helping those in need makes people a better person and more respectful and responsible. For instance, the author states Gets locked indoors because her husband is afraid Rafaela will run away since she is too beautiful to look at (Cisneros,79). This Shows how Rafaela is hopeless, she gets treated miserable, being locked in a house all day can make a person sad and depressed. This connects to the theme coming of age because it shows how Rafaela needs help, even though she is grown she is still treated like a child who needs to constantly be watched and monitored just because of her beauty. Another example, is when the text states We send it up to her in a paper shopping bag she lets down with a clothesline (Cisneros,80). This example shows how the people on Mango Street and Esperanza are compassionate people, because they helped a person in need. This supports the theme coming of age because its shows how Esperanza has grown and now is the one helping people instead of being the one who needs help. As demonstrated, Sandra Cisneros uses indirect characterization to show the theme coming of age and how doing good and helping others proves that someone is growing up and taking care of the people who need it.

To sum up, the novel House On Mango Street written by Sandra Cisneros uses figurative language, symbolism, indirect characterization, negative diction, and selection of details to portray the theme of coming of age and how when someone acts, talks, thinks, and dresses like an adult they are more likely to grow and mature faster than those who dont and act like a child. This shows that people mature and grow up faster when they make good choices and hang out with the right people, not worrying about people who act selfish and have reckless behavior with no regards for anyone but themselves. A person that is coming of age is like a plant, small and pure but gradually over time transitions into something that is much bigger, an adult who is responsible, affectionate, and nurturing towards others.

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Esperanza’s Identity in the House on Mango Street

Always feeling accepted is a feeling that s hard to have on a regular basis. Acceptance is something we all should want to give and to receive but is also something everyone struggles with whether you're the one accepting or the one being accepted. In the book " The House on Mango Street", Esperanza struggles with her home life and her friendships. Esperanza's name especially makes her feel divided from others. One of the first struggles that I come across when reading this book is she "compares" herself to another character named Ruthie who is according to the text " Ruthie, tall skinny lady... is the only grown-up we know who likes to play." (67) Esperanza realizes that Ruthie is more physically antiquity than her. Even so, she still accepts her like how she says in the book, ' We are glad because she is our friend." (69) On the contrary, she feels sad because she doesn't blend or fit in with some of the other kids. She would just like to be accepted by anyone no matter the difference between them. How Esperanza comes off is that she is disappointed in her lack of maturity compared to others she surrounds herself with and wants to be able to be accepted for who she is not based upon her maturity level.

Esperanza wants to change her name so that she can see herself as her own, instead of accepting a name that traces back bad history. She seems as if she wants to divide herself from her family so that she and only she can live her own life the way she pleases, and changing her name to fit her is like taking that first baby step to then run a mile. Esperanza then becomes more aware of her outter appearance and considers herself “beautiful and cruel” (88) so others, maybe including the opposite gender will like her but will also know not to mess with her, and she challenges that pharase in my opinion by becoming friends with Sally. After she is hit with a cruel reality, she doesn’t want to coincider herself as “beautiful and cruel” anymore, but once again is now unsure of who she is anymore and where she belongs. Esperanza decides she does not need to change herself to feel apart of her surroundings or her peers. She accepts herself and decides that the biggest way to set herself apart from everyone else and to embrace herself is to become a poet and write.

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The House on Mango Street: Esperanza’s Home is in her Heart

Itr's been about five years since youve heard from me last, so I guess I should catch you up on what happened. I was eager to start high school. I had a job and friends and started to figure out who I was. A lot has changed since then. Some for better and others for worst. You see, May 18th of last year is a day Ill never forget. That day, the class I would have been enrolled in graduated. That is the day I would have graduated high school. When I was younger, I knew being able to afford a catholic school education was nearly impossible for my family, but despite my doubts, I saved all of my money. However, those broken stairs at my house finally collapsed. All of my savings went into fixing them. After that, I had to quit my job. That man that forcibly kissed me kept making advances and I knew it would not get better. I could not find another job after that. With no money saved up, I was forced to dropout of high school just like some of the other girls on Mango Street. I should have been able to experience high school. On the day of what would have been my graduation, I knew my time on Mango Street was at its end. I went home and took off for the nearest train station with only my books, papers, and a few of my favorite things.When I left, it broke my heart, but I knew I would come back for my family and so many others. That is what I had always promised to do.

When I got to the station, I had forty-two dollars from babysitting. My main focus was food and a ticket. To save money, I picked the cheapest ticket I could find, which would take me to New York City. My train left in the evening, so I found a bench and claimed it as my own. I just sat there. No one noticed me. I saw little girls who got pushed around by men much older and stronger than them just how it happened to me. This reminded me of all the reasons why I needed to write about and fight for women when I got New York. I was so caught up in my thoughts that I almost missed my train. Before I knew it, an old man was calling through the speaker Next train to New York. As the train moved, I was filled with panic because I realized I had no place to stay. I decided to find the closest shelter when I got there. I had twenty-two hours to get all of my plans figured out.

When I got to New York, I got a map and off I went to The Bowery Mission. I stayed for two and a half months. They helped me get a job on the street near a little shop where I sold pizza and water. While there, I met a woman named Athena. She was thirty-two and had one child, Logan. Her husband kicked her out after three years of abuse and she had nowhere to go. After saving my money and finally rented a small apartment, I remembered Athena and her son and how so many other women on my street were just like them. It reminded me of how much I missed my family and how Id go back for them someday. I still sold pizza and water, but tried to write a book about the struggle of women in my free time. I began to doubt myself because so many publishers told me people dont want or need to know about all these problems. No one thought I could do it, so I started to believe them. One day, after another failed attempt, I hit rock bottom and stopped writing. I went on for three months and didnt write at all. Then after work one day, I saw the most beautiful pair of shoes I have ever seen in my life. I knew if I got my big break, I could afford my house on a hill, those shoes, and be able to bring my whole family to New York. Those shoes represented everything I have wanted and worked for in life. With my dreams closer in reach than ever, I vowed to never give up again.

Finally, I met a publisher named Olivia. Her mom had been killed by her husband after he abused her. She reminded me of my mom with her curly hair, eyes I could look at forever, and her skin soft as snow. I remembered how deeply I needed to see my family again so, I showed her what I had so far. Her eyes lit up and I could tell she would never doubt me and I finally found someone to help me pursue my dreams. I kept writing. I devoted day and night to it, sometimes being late for work, but it was all worth it. I was going to show the world Mango Street. All the abuse on Mango Street. The fear, rejection, and mistreatment on Mango; I would show it all. My story is something otherr's can call their own and it will finally be heard. Everything I wanted was coming true. I was looking for houses, got recognized at a convention for upcoming writers, and even visited Athena and her child. I could finally help other girls while having my dream job. Being alone in New York, when I hardly fit the mold of a typical New Yorker, made my heart break when I thought about my family too much, but a voice deep in my mind reminded me I had to go back.

My life turned upside down in a short year. I got better at writing, left my first home on Mango Street and I planned to release my first book. I also planned to go to Mango soon. I needed to document the emotion and experience it gave so people can see the real Mango Street. I knew I needed to get my family out of there and help so many women. Women who sat at their window every day would finally be able to make something of their lives. With my words I can help show that anything is possible, no matter race or where you grew up. I may not have the best life or be the most important person in the world, but when people ask who I was, a little girl with a strong voice can say I changed her life and made a difference. The street I lived on taught me falling doesn't mean you have to stay down. Mango Street will always be my first house and shaped me into the person I am today, but I now know that it is escapable and that it will never take me back again.

Yours truly,

Esperanza

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Anti-Aging a Step Back in the Value of Life

In recent years, a new field in biotechnology has rose: anti-aging. By use of stem cells taken from an embryo, scientists hope to use these self-replicating, multi-purpose cells to repair any degeneration that may occur as humans age. With the Baby Boom generation beginning to reach their time, skincare companies and researchers alike are trying to milk aging individuals fear of, well, aging. There are ethical concerns in regard to this issue. The matter of using human embryos that are chiefly for reproduction for other causes, and many question the ethics of intervening with one of life’s most natural process. As the average life expectancy of Americans continues to rise, reaching an average of 78 in 2010, scientists are in a race to find key to the evasive fountain of youth. Yet, above the ethical concerns and implications, the questions still remains: is it really worth it? Yes, it’s cool to think that one day, the average age of a human being could reach as high as 150 years of age, and the science behind cell regeneration and replacement is, I’ll admit, pretty bitchin’, what good would a thousands of really old people truly contribute to our society? With government healthcare cost projections already at a sky-high of nearly 83 million dollars in the next thirty years, the cost to keep an even larger number of elderly people alive would lead this already unsustainable cost to reach an even further max. With elderly people already expending upwards of 60 percent of Medicare, do we even have enough money to live longer? Additionally, cultures and societies have already been constructed around the universality of death. Younger generations gradually phase out the older generations, replacing important positions in government and other occupations. How long would older generations continue to work if their lives are extended and remain in perfectly good health for years to come? The extension of life of older generation further inhibits the voice of younger generations to be heard. Besides the potential of a gerontocracy or the smell of old people permeating the air we breathe, what true purpose does the extension of one’s life contribute towards? The cycle of life has evolved to be that way in order to prevent overpopulation and the exhaustion of resources. Rather than wasting scientific resources on anti-aging technology, research should be furthered to improve people’s current lives. A common argument that scientists that are for anti-aging technology is that it prevents suffering of diseases that occur in old age as immunity levels weaken. However, this can be achieved without extending lives, but rather spending resources on curing diseases, rather than focusing on widening the lifespan of the aging population. On top of that, anti-aging technology will indubitably elicit a hefty paycheck, with only some of the wealthiest of elderly people being able to afford radical life extension, an idea that is unfair to those who may not be able to spend such a large amount. If the argument of scientists in the field of anti-aging technology is to prevent suffering of old age and disease, then biotechnology companies should be more judicious with how they plan to better society as a whole. Besides the sociological and scientific implications of radical life extension, cultural and philosophical consequences arise. The race to achieve the scientific breakthrough of radical life extension poses little benefits to society as a whole, and is rather a narcissistic vision that can be equated to wishing for the ability to fly or be invisible. The idea of anti-aging technology clashes directly with the philosophy of most cultures and belief systems and the divinity in nature’s way of giving and taking back life. There is value to a limited life. In the investment into extending an ultimately finite existence, we run the risk of losing what it means to exist, to be human.
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A Book Report of Pride and Prejudice

Pride and Prejudice was wrote by Jane Austen (1775-1817), who is one of the greatest novelists in Britain. She was born in a advantageous family which provided her a good environment to accept proper education. She had shown excellent talents in language explaining and writing when she was only 13 years old. In 1800, her father was retired from a rector and she had to move to Bath with him, where was said that she was very miserable, suffering from depression. And at that time, she refused a proposal of a young man who was going to inherit a large fortune because she didn’t love him whatsoever. About four years later, her father passed away and she had to move with her remarried mother to Southampton. In 1816, her health descended into an extremely bad situation and unfortunately, she was took from us in July 18th, 1817.

Much as she was took from us, we also have taken something immortal from her. Pride and Prejudice is one of the most shining heritage.

Its first edition was named First Impressions, but unluckily the publisher were appealed to gothic novels written by Ann Radcliffe so it didn’t come out. After years emending, Pride and Prejudice was finally published in 1813 as the third novel that Jane Austen wrote, including about 3 volumes, 61 chapters and 243000 words. It presents us a love story between two leading characters: Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy, who is a gentle but introverted landlord.

The gist of the story is as follows. Elizabeth Bennet and her four sisters Kitty Bennet, Marry Bennet, Lydia Bennet, Jane Bennet (the oldest one) has approached their ages to find husbands. Nevertheless, the second child of Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth Bennet, has no tend to find her Prince Charming and always refuses her mom’s repeated requests, which makes Mrs. Bennet very much annoyed and worried but has nothing to do with. This awkward situation changes entirely since Mr. Darcy has been coming into her world. Elizabeth is the most diligent and clever girl among her 4 sisters, and also she is a college student who pays seldom attention to the marriage. But when Mr. Darcy hits her, her firm convection is being challenged.

As for Darcy, he is instantly captured by this beauty and wants to proposes to her in spite of a wide division between their families’ background. (Mr. Darcy is a rich landlord of North England) However, Elizabeth refused him grimly cause she has a prejudice on what he behaves. Mr. Darcy is not a guy who is good at expressing himself and what’s worse, a friend of his, George Wickham, always diffuses his so-called scandal and slanders him what with jealousy. Also, Elizabeth figures that Mr. Darcy is too superior and arrogant to associate with. But in point of fact, Darcy never means to it, what causes it is that he is a great landlord and this makes a misunderstanding of different social class. As time goes by, Elizabeth finds that he is not that person she used to think and Mr. Darcy shows a respectful aspect to her so the misunderstanding and prejudice melt away progressively. In the end of the story, Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy are finally shot by Cupid, ushering in a completely new life. Also Elizabeth’s 4 sisters find their true love of course.

Just like Jane Austen said at the beginning of this book: A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us. As for me, it’s not only a romantic story but also a educative fable which teaches us how to find our lifelong true love. A detail which is worth being noticed, leaving me a remarkable impression, is that the first time Mr. Darcy proposes to Elizabeth in chapter 34. Mr. Darcy tries his best to calm himself down but finally his emotions to Elizabeth show up. He says: In vain have I struggled. It will not do. My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you.

But Elizabeth refused his proposal unmercifully and says: I have every reason in the world to think ill of you. No motive can excuse the unjust and ungenerous part you acted there. You dare not, you cannot deny that you have been the principal, if not the only means of dividing them from each other, of exposing one to the censure of the world for caprice and instability, the other to its derision for disappointed hopes, and involving them both in misery of the acutest kind. This awkward and misunderstood situation is one of the climaxes in this novel, which presents a colossal gap between them. Of course this is not because what Darcy really is but different life experiences and opinions. Why “Love” is love itself is that, absolutely, it is always built up with opposite thoughts and colorful opinions, making matrimony a lifelong journey. And what happens between Elizabeth and Darcy reflects a fact that nothing is going on smoothly at first, including marriage. Only if we devote our genuine feelings and true love with absolute responsibility and patience to our partner can we have a long and romantic matrimony.

Additionally, a love without any frictions is imperfect and meaningless. On the way of pursuing you love is always full of picturesque spectacles, but what you are supposed to do is to find what scenery you enjoy best and hold it firmly. May be you will be confused by money, power and something seductive while shallow, but you ought to bury it within you that those are never the stander to measure how the true love can be, just avoid those who try to defame you and tease you. After all, your love is what you make it, which is your own business. The last but not the least, from an admirer to a lifelong partner is a progressive procedure, which needs patience and responsibility. Love occurs in daily company and everyday details, and it is a fond feelings from your soul to your partner. Just take your responsibility and patience, then both of you will be overwhelming to conquer every obstructions which block on the way of your life.

At last, I am willing to recommend this book intensively for its romance and educational significance. It uses graceful dialogues to express an eternal theme in pure love. And what is the most essential thing that it teaches me is, be the owner of your cherish management and struggle for your love bravely. I want to cite a sentence from Edward Scissorhands (A film directed by Tim Burton, screened in 1990.12.) to end my report: Where there is great love, there are always miracles.

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A Life is Valuable

There are many things to appreciate in life. In my life, I value the people around me. Friends, family, and a loving boyfriend. I value the future, what is to come and all the possibilities there are. I value having a family one day. I value what I have been through and what I will go through. I value my hardships and the greatness that has come from them. I value the ability to move forward and do better. I value myself and who I am. I feel that after reading these articles, I value life a little more. Hamlet values not giving up even when it seems like you're losing in life. However, he is a pessimist. Lance Armstrong is an optimist, he sees the good in the bad, the beauty in the struggle. The federal government measures life in dollar amounts. While just trying to help in what way they can, this can be hard for victims families to accept. I somewhat agree with the articles. I mostly agree with Lance Armstrong's value of life and thought it was a beautiful representation of his view on life.

Hamlet feels that life is a difficult journey and that the value of one's life comes from facing all of the hills and valley of the journey. He values not giving up. Hamlet begins his soliloquy wondering if he should continue facing the challenges of his life or avoid them by ending his life. He has found out that his uncle killed his father and married his mother. Hamlet wants to get revenge but is afraid of killing his uncle, the new king. Hamletr's thoughts are best exonerated by this quote,

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them?

Hamlet is conflicted on whether he should continue to suffer through his troubles or end his life to avoid them. The phrase slings and arms is referring to all of the bad things coming at him in life. The term outrageous future suggests Hamlet feels he has been very unlucky to be put in his current situation. To take arms against a sea of troubles, he is talking about his ability to take action against these problems. The last part of the quote, And by opposing end them?, refers to his way out, suicide. Hamlet next explains why he is thinking about to be or not to be. Hamletr's thoughts are further best exonerated with this quote,

To die: to sleep;
No more; and by a sleep to say we end
The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wishd.

In this quote, we see Hamlet seems to view death as a never ending sleep where he can escape his problems. He believes it is an easy alternative to get away from heartache and the hardships we face in life. In his eyes this would be an easy way to meet his wishes, to end his pain and suffering. However, Hamlet knows that his suicide might create worse problems than he already has. Hamlet's thoughts are further best exonerated by this quote,

To die, to sleep;
To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, therer's the rub (the problem);
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil (human body)
Must give us pause: therer's the respect
That makes calamity of so long life.

Hamlet fears there may not be peace in death as he hopes. For in the sleep of death what dreams may come, with death comes uncertainty, this certainly worries Hamlet, making his decision even harder. Hamlet knows suicide is morally wrong and he may be punished for his wrongful actions. To continue suffering in his afterlife is another fear holding him back. Hamlet and all of his friends have been through many trials and tribulations. Hamlet's thoughts are further best exonerated by this quote,

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,
The oppressor's wrong, the proud manr's contumely,
The pangs of despised love, the lawr's delay,
The insolence of office and the spurns
That patient merit of the unworthy takes..

In the first line, For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Hamlet is saying who would put up with all of the heartache, hardships, and unfair treatment life throws at us, when one can easily just call it quits. At the end of the soliloquy, Hamlet has, because he fears the unknowns of the afterlife, he decided to keep living. His thoughts are further best exonerated in this quote,

The undiscoverd country from those bourn
No traveller returns, puzzles the will
And makes us rather bear those ills we have
Than fly to others that we know not of?

Hamlet has came to the conclusion he does not know what may come after death. In this quote, The undiscoverd country.. refers to the unknown afterlife. Hamlet feels that the thought of the unknown frightens him more than the struggles he is going through in life. He would rather endure the pain in his current life than take the chance of unknown misery in the afterlife. He explains this in the last few lines of the quote: And what makes us rather bear those ills we have, than fly to others that we know not of? After pondering the question, he decides to keep living.

Lance Armstrong, like Hamlet, feels that the value of life is in facing challenges. He compares life to riding a bike, One minute you are pedaling along a highway, and the next minute, boom, youre face down in the dirt. Armstrong values those people who get back up and continue riding the bike. Armstrong shows that he values getting up after a fall with his story about his cycling injuries. He shows this in the following quote, ..so many vehicles have hit me, so many times, in so many countries, Ive lost count. Ive learned how to take out my own stitches; all you need is a pair of fingernail clippers and a strong stomach. This is an example of what life means to Lance Armstrong. We many fall in life but getting back up is what really matters. His battle with cancer also shows that he values trying hard even if he might not win. He only had a 40% chance of beating his cancer. He explains how he felt about his experience with cancer in the following quote, Cancer was like that. It was like being run off the road by a truck, and Ive got the scars to prove it. He refers to his physical scars from various operations as well as his emotional scars that made him who he is today. Armstrong further develops his idea that people need to try hard when he says, You struggle slowly and painfully up hill, and maybe, if you work very hard, you get to the top ahead of everybody else. Armstrong wants readers to know that you must struggle to achieve success. He compares cancer to being run off the road by a truck. He develops the idea that sometimes you just have to get up and keep going. Armstrongr's last idea the struggles each of us goes through can make us better people. He does not look at his illness as a terrible misfortune but rather an eye opening experience that has changed his life for the better. We can understand this from his quote, My illness was humbling and starkly revealing, and it forced me to survey my life with an unforgiving eye. Sometimes going through a struggle can lead you to better things and force you to look at life differently. Armstrong feels his illness has made him a better person and made him more appreciative of his life by helping him learn what is truly important to him.

Unlike Hamlet and Lance Armstrong, the Federal Government, looking at the value of the victims of Sept.11, focused only on the monetary value of each victim. Congress created the Victimr's Compensation Fund that would be a safety net for the victims families, to ensure that they maintain something resembling their current standard of living. The task of deciding what each victim of 9/11 was worth was placed in the hands of Kenneth Feinberg who came up with formula that computed what each victim was worth, we read in the article What Is A Life Worth. This formula was formed into a chart that showed victims families an estimate of the amount of money they can receive. A flat amount for pain and suffering was determined to be $250,000. Add $50,000 for each spouse and each child. Then of course deductions of the income you are currently receiving such as social security, life insurance, pension, workers compensation. I think this formula is fair, after all they are just doing what they can to help. While it does not change things, at least the families are receiving something to help them avoid financial troubles after their losses. However, some families of the victims thought that the amount for pain and suffering was much too low. Gerry Sweeney argues that $250,000 doesnt help his nephew who no longer has a father. Another woman illustrates the pain of watching the towers collapse of live tv and then finding out she had lost a loved one. The compensation for pain and suffering was chosen because $250,000 is what beneficiaries receive when a firefighters or police officer die on the job. Feinburg says, The $50,000 was just some rough approximation of what I thought was fair, or rough justice. I dont think there is any amount of money that can compensate for the loss of a loved one.

However, that is not the fault of the government. I believe they are just doing what they can. Some families of victims thought that they should have received more money as compensation for their losses. One example is the family of Cheri Sparacio. Cheri Sparacio suffers the loss of her husband. She has two young children and a third on the way. Her husband was the main wage earner, as she only worked part time in order to care for their kids. Even with the money she may receive she will not be able to work and support her family without full time childcare. Sparacio explains why she doesnt feel this is enough, The government is not taking any responsibility for what itr's done. This was just one screw up after another. She believes it is a cheap bride for the mistakes made. Other families had a more acceptable value placed on their lost family member. Samuel Fields was a security guard in Tower 1. On September 11, he helped people evacuate, went back in to help others, and never came back out. Some families will accept the government's compensation because it allows them to get on with their lives. David Gordenstein who lost his wife Lisa on American Flight 11, says ..he would rather devote his life to raising his young daughters than pursue a lawsuit. I think he has the best attitude that he can in a situation like this. He does not see the compensation as trying to make up for his wifer's death or measuring her worth but rather as a kind gesture of help that he accepts with thankful arms. He has chosen to get up and keep going for his children despite this challenging time in their lives.

I somewhat agree with Hamletr's ideas on the value of life. I disagree with his thoughts on the easy way out, or suicide. I feel that this is a very controversial subject and is different for every person and situation. However, I agree with Hamletr's views of the unknown life after death. I agree with pushing through your troubles rather than taking a chance on something you do not know of. I dont agree with Hamletr's idea that we should continue to struggle in life simply because we dont know what death will be like. I do however, agree with Lance Armstrongr's ideas on the value of life. I agree with his idea that we should get up when we fall and keep going. I also agree with his idea that there is usually good in the bad, from bad things can come greatness. Lastly, I agree with Armstrongr's belief that the struggles we go through can make us better people. I agree with all of Armstrongr's ideas. I think it is very important to keep trying, even when you feel like giving up. Finally, I agree with the Victimr's Compensation Fundr's ideas on a personr's value. I agree that the government is just doing what they can to help victims of losses. I disagree with the argument that the amount of compensation is meant to determine the worth of oner's life. I disagree with the idea that you can put a dollar value on a life. I think the idea of the fund is to do what can be done to help surviving families. It is not meant to make up for the loss of a loved one.

To conclude this argument, life is valuable. But there is no value that can be put on life. I believe a personr's life is more valuable if you know and believe it is. And even if you are unsure, you are alive and that holds value regardless of your troubles. There is always room for change and improvement. To me thatr's one of the best parts about life, the possibilities are almost endless. Personally, I value the people in my life. Past or present, every experience we go through has shaped us into the person we are today. I value my future and the ability I have to achieve what I want. Opportunity is everywhere. I often think about the future, it excites me to think about the many things I can do in life. A third part of life I value is the real, genuine moments in life. The ones where you just stop and think Wow Im so thankful for this, and realize in that moment, you are simply happy. I value the moments that mean something.

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A Commentary on Society in the 1800s

Pride and Prejudice conveys a commentary on society in the 1800s; it describes the society at the time while also presenting Jane Austenr's generally dissenting opinion on it. In the book, Austen states certain things like facts and then throughout the story, the characters either fall into place or rebel against societal expectations. This is how she establishes her opinions. Austen makes the characters who rebel against what society wants sympathetic while showing the issues that arise with the characters who follow along and making some of those characters antagonistic. To provide some examples, Austen uses these situations to prove her points; Mr. Darcy and Elizabethr's first impression and eventual romance, Mr. Collinr's pandering to Lady Catherine, and Mr. Wickham and Lydiar's elopement.

Mr. Darcy makes a pretty terrible first impression to Elizabeth, and that impression lingers for the better first half of the whole book. At first, Austen has Mr. Darcy fall in line with the social stereotypes for a man of his standing when her's rude to Elizabeth because of her lower class and not being handsome enough for him, as shown in this quote: Which do you mean? and turning round, he looked for a moment at Elizabeth, till catching her eye, he withdrew his own and coldly said, She is tolerable; but not handsome enough to tempt me; and I am in no humour at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other men. You had better return to your partner and enjoy her smiles, for you are wasting your time with me. Darcy is basically falling right into how many men were at the time. Elizabethr's social standing wasnt high enough for him to consider her for a moment. Her's prejudiced against her from the start, which is why the title of the book is what it is. Austen shows her own opinion on how Darcy acts by making him an antagonistic character. Elizabeth and her family are offended by him because of how he treats Elizabeth.

Even when Darcy starts to fall in love with Elizabeth, her's still a jerk because when he proposes to her. He talks about how he loves her even though her's lowering himself to her social standing, as developed in this quote: He spoke well; but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed; and he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride. His sense of her inferiority of its being a degradation of the family obstacles which had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit. Darcy is still antagonistic at this point. Her's so worried about his class and social standing that he even makes a point of it in his proposal to the woman her's hoping to marry, which the book makes out to be ridiculous and offensive. Austen superimposes many of her views on this subject through Elizabeth. How Elizabeth reacts gives us a hint to what Austen thinks about the subject as well. When Elizabeth angrily rejects Mr. Darcy, itr's showing Austenr's opinion on people being so extremely preoccupied with class differences.

However, Mr. Darcy doesnt stay as an unsympathetic character, and eventually, the main romance of the book is allowed to develop in tandem to Mr. Darcyr's own development. Slowly throughout the course of the rest of the story, Mr. Darcy realizes that he loves Elizabeth and her class should not and will not have an effect on his desire to marry her. Once he makes this clear to Elizabeth, we see Austenr's opinions again through Elizabethr's reaction. When Lady Catherine confronts Elizabeth with her misguided view that Elizabeth is Darcyr's social inferior, Elizabeth replies, In marrying your nephew, I should not consider myself as quitting that sphere. He is a gentleman; I am a gentlemanr's daughter; so far we are equal. Elizabethr's words reveal how Austen thinks marriage should work; that Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth are equal, and any social distance between them should not be a factor considered over love.

The second social commentary Austen makes is via Mr. Collins and his relationship with Lady Catherine. Mr. Collins is one of the most extreme characters in regards to his opinions on class. While Mr. Darcy and Mr. Wickham share his views, at least at first, Mr. Collins is the most bumbling and obvious about it. Mr. Collins basically sees himself as the cream of the crop because her's clergy, as shown here: My dear Miss Elizabeth, [ ] permit me to say, that there must be a wide difference between the established forms of ceremony amongst the laity, and those which regulate the clergy; for, give me leave to observe that I consider the clerical office as equal in point of dignity with the highest rank in the kingdom - provided that a proper humility of behavior is at the same time maintained. Her's basically saying here that he considers himself equal to the highest social standing among the nobility, or non-clerical members of society. We can see Austenr's opinion on this purely through the fact that she makes Mr. Collins extremely irritating throughout the entire story. He never stops being annoying, and he never changes his views on society, unlike Darcyr's character arc.

Mr. Collins tries to get with Jane and Elizabeth during the story. He doesnt propose to Jane because he recognizes that Mr. Bingley likes her; however, since Elizabeth is not currently engaged with anyone, Mr. Collins proposes to her. Elizabeth absolutely refuses, much to the anger of her mother. Elizabethr's mother tries to force Elizabeth into marrying Mr. Collins. During this conversation, Mr. Collins further reveals his personality and why Elizabeth and the reader are definitely not supposed to like him: Pardon me for interrupting you, madam, cried Mr. Collins; but if she is really headstrong and foolish, I know not whether she would altogether be a very desirable wife to a man in my situation, who naturally looks for happiness in the marriage state. If therefore she actually persists in rejecting my suit, perhaps it were better not to force her into accepting me, because if liable to such defects of temper, she could not contribute much to my felicity. Mr. Collins is basically saying here that he considers Elizabeth foolish for not accepting his proposal, and since her's concerned with his own happiness, he changes his mind about marrying her. Itr's evident that he doesnt care about his future wifer's feelings, though. Mr. Collins continues to be characterized as an unsympathetic character, and thatr's Austenr's intentions.

When the reader meets Mr. Collinr's patron, Lady Catherine, they are absolutely not supposed to like her either. Lady Catherine and Mr. Collins fit together perfectly in regards to their opinions on class and society. Theyre both extreme examples of what upper-class folks were supposed to think during that time period. When Elizabeth goes to visit Lady Catherine, Mr. Collins makes this statement: Do not make yourself uneasy, my dear cousin, about your apparel. Lady Catherine is far from requiring that elegance of dress in us which becomes herself and her daughter. I could advise you merely to put on whatever of your clothes is superior to the rest there is no occasion for anything more. Lady Catherine will not think the worse of you for being simply dressed. She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved. With this one quote, before we even meet Lady Catherine, Austen makes it clear what were supposed to think about her. The line, She likes to have the distinction of rank preserved, is immediately intended to be an irritant to the reader and to Elizabeth herself. Throughout the entire visit, Lady Catherine shows herself to be extremely preoccupied with rank and class, and Elizabeth dislikes her for it.

Finally, Lydiar's marriage to Mr. Wickham really develops what Austen thinks about reputation. When Lydia runs away with Mr. Wickham, Mr. Collins says this: The death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison of this. [ ] Howsoever that may be, you are grievously to be pitied; in which opinion I am not only joined by Mrs. Collins, but likewise by Lady Catherine and her daughter, to whom I have related the affair. They agree with me in apprehending that this false step in one daughter will be injurious to the fortunes of all the others; for who, as Lady Catherine herself condescendingly says, will connect themselves with such a family? Her's saying that Lydia being dead would be better than her running off with a guy! That level of concern about oner's social standing is insane. Lady Catherine shares his views, as also developed in this quote: I am no stranger to the particulars of your youngest sisterr's infamous elopement. I know it all; that the young manr's marrying her was a patched-up business, at the expence of your father and uncles. And is such a girl to be my nephewr's sister? Is her husband, is the son of his late fatherr's steward, to be his brother? Heaven and earth! of what are you thinking? Are the shades of Pemberley to be thus polluted? Lady Catherine is saying that because of Lydiar's elopement, the entire Bennet family would go into disgrace. Since this is coming from an unsympathetic character, it shows what Austen thinks about that concept. The fact that Lydiar's marriage would have ruined the Bennet family is shown to be an offense to the other Bennet sisters.

However, despite this, Lydia is still portrayed as an unsympathetic character after she gets married, as shown in this quote: Lydia was Lydia still; untamed, unabashed, wild, noisy, and fearless. She turned from sister to sister, demanding their congratulations; and when at length they all sat down, looked eagerly round the room, took notice of some little alteration in it, and observed, with a laugh, that it was a great while since she had been there. Through Lydiar's characterization, we see that while the fact that the Bennet sisters would be shamed is reprehensible, Austen still thinks that Lydiar's judgment was bad. Lydia is foolish and made a bad decision when she ran off with Mr. Wickham. However, her choices shouldnt bring shame to the other sisters. Although, the situation that Lydia placed the sisters in made Mr. Darcyr's intervention all the kinder, as he saves the Bennets from shame out of his own pocket.

In conclusion, Jane Austen reveals her personal opinion through her characterr's thoughts, actions, and how theyre perceived. Using Mr. Darcyr's character arc, Mr. Collinr's relationship with Lady Catherine, and Lydiar's marriage, the reader sees what Austen thinks about the social expectations and rules of the time. Austen portrays characters who are preoccupied with social class and standing as unsympathetic and sometimes antagonistic, like Mr. Darcy at the beginning of the book and Lady Catherine throughout.

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Relationships in Pride and Prejudice Book

Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen, two hundred years ago is still among one of the most famous pieces of literature of all time. The story takes place during the Regency era in England and follows the life of Elizabeth Bennet and those around her during a time where a woman her age needs to find a husband. The characters within the novel are well-rounded characters with flaws. The most developed characters within the novel are Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy who we see major character development throughout the entire novel. While we get to see into the mindsets of many characters, we get to be in Elizabeth's head the most, and we get to see how she's thinking, feeling, and what's going on around her. She's the second eldest child of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet. Elizabeth is a strong-minded, strong-willed, free-spirited, loyal, and a very intelligent young woman. However, like most characters in the story, she holds a flaw that causes conflict within the story. She holds great pride in the fact that she thinks that she is a good judge of character, the majority of the time. However, this gets her into trouble. As she isn't correct about two characters within the story. After hearing a rude remark by Mr. Darcy and watching his behavior at the ball, Elizabeth, as well as several other people there take an instant disliking to him. His character was decided. He was the proudest, most disagreeable man in the world,"(Ch3, pg. 7.) But because of her first meeting, she allows the meeting to cloud her judgment and becomes quite prejudiced towards him despite not getting to know him better. Which Mr. Darcy points out after getting into a debate about their flaws. "And yours," He replied with a smile, is to willfully misunderstand them."(Ch11, pg36) Later on, she meets Wickham and she falls for his handsome appearance and charm. When he tells her of how Mr. Darcy 'cheated' him out of money, she is quick to believe him. Despite being told of Wickham true colors by Miss Bingley and hearing her older sisters opinion of Wickham, she chose to keep her opinions on both men the same. It's not until after she rejects Mr. Darcy's marriage proposal and reads the letter that he sends explaining Mr. Wickhamr's transgressions towards him and his sister, that she notices her flaw. That she allows prejudice to cloud her judgment of others. While she tries to deny it at first, she quickly comes to realize that while shed thought she was good at judging a personr's character, that shed been wrong all along. I who have prided myself on my discernment! I who have valued myself on my abilities! Who have often disdained the generous candor of my sister and gratified my vanity in useless or blameable mistrust!"(ch36 pg.121) After this revelation, she begins to change her views for the better and does her best to not allow her own opinions cloud her judgment of character. Mr. Darcy is a wealthy landowner, who is a good friend of Mr. Bingley. He's seen as a tall, handsome, and intelligent man. But, he comes across as arrogant, rude, and seems to act as if he is better than those who have a lesser means of income. As seen during the Netherfield ball, he only spoke to people in the same class as him, refusing to speak or dance with anyone else, insulting Elizabeth by claiming "She is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me," (Ch 3 pg. 8) refusing to dance with her, seeing as she was from a lower class than he was. However, as he gets to know her better, he finds himself growing feelings for her even though he feels he shouldn't.
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Class Stratification in Pride and Prejudice

Humanity has been entrenched in multiple centuries of class division and stratification for most of its civilized history. The division of power and privilege is perhaps the defining feature of humanity. No other species has nearly the same level of inequality of the distribution of resources. Modern social stratification of course has its roots in the days of early feudalism, wherein social classes were defined by birth. Feudalism developed into industrialism/capitalism, and thus the modern conception of the social class was born. With the conception of social classes comes with the various antagonisms between them, i.e. the rich vs the poor, the proletariat vs the bourgeoisie. These antagonisms are the subject of much analysis in both popular culture and the more ivory tower type intellectual circles alike. From all the way up top of the ivory tower comes works like Das Kapital (including all 3 volumes) by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx, who both in detail described the various problems with centralizing the means of production and capital accumulation. On the complete opposite end of the spectrum is a popular romance novel titled Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, who focuses on the relationship between 2 people who's financial backgrounds are wildly different. Through Jane Austen's excellent use of characterization, the contrasting social platitudes and norms of the various class stratums in 1800s England is revealed in great detail. To begin, the most basic of the differences between social classes is not the beliefs and the convictions held by those within it, but rather the behaviors and the way in which they present themselves to others. In Pride and Prejudice this is detailed excellently in the first few chapters. For example, in chapter four Austen directly characterizes the Bingley family in contrast with the rest of the party. They were in fact very fine ladies; not deficient in good humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of making themselves agreeable when they chose it, but proud and conceited. They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first private seminaries in town, had a fortune of twenty thousand pounds, were in the habit of spending more than they ought, and of associating with people of rank, and were therefore in every respect entitled to think well of themselves, and meanly of others. The Bingley family is shown to be middle class by the parties standards, but because of their inflated spending habits and association with those of higher rank, they deem themselves worthy of acting down upon those who are less fortunate or even as fortunate as themselves. Not only does this detail the livelihood and presentation of those considered high class, which is one of thrift, grandiose presentations of wealth, and patronization, but it also details the desperation of those in lower socioeconomic standings to fraudulently present themselves as being above what they truly are. However, the behaviors and presentations are not the only major differences between the middle and the upper class, even the ways in which the classes think vary greatly. Pride and Prejudice once again outlines this with great detail on page 357, during Darcy's speech to Elizabeth. I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle. As a child I was taught what was right, but I was not taught to correct my temper. I was given good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit. Unfortunately an only son (for many years an only child), I was spoilt by my parents, who, though good themselves (my father, particularly, all that was benevolent and amiable), allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing; to care for none beyond my own family circle; to think meanly of all the rest of the world; to wish at least to think meanly of their sense and worth compared with my own. Such I was, from eight to eight and twenty; and such I might still have been but for you, dearest, loveliest Elizabeth! What do I not owe you! You taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous. By you, I was properly humbled. I came to you without a doubt of my reception. You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased. Darcy outlines the way he's been thinking for almost his entire life. Greed, egocentrism, and alienation are all fundamental parts of the upper class mindset. Even when Darcy's most basic principles, that being the ones he was raised on, contradict his actions, he chooses to ignore them, and instead to disregard any semblance of care for others. It's only once he meets Elizabeth, who is a part of the middle class, does he begin to see the error in his ways. Elizabeth teaches him to become self aware, and to care for, or at the very least respect the lives of other people. This mindset isnt exclusive to Darcy either, as many of the other affluent characters demonstrate the same way of thought. In brief, the rich view the world through an entirely different perspective compared to the poor, one of egocentrism, cognitive dissonance, and greed. The differences between the two social standings are exemplified greatly throughout the book. Their is a massive divergence of the behaviors and presentations regarding each of the class's, wherein those of high social standing act according to the doctrine of extravagance, while those who are in a lower social standing often try to imitate such acts of grandiosity. The class differences dont stop at actions, even the way in which the affluent think is distinct in contrast to the rest of humanity. They think only about themselves, and how they are perceived by people of equivalent or higher standing, with blatant disregard to the opinions and well being of those they consider below them. To conclude, the stark contrast of those with rank vs those without is both deep and all encompassing. The presence of class is almost omnipresent in its influence on everyday life.
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Sense of Nostalgia in Hemingway’s Novel

Hills Like White Elephants is a short story by Ernest Hemingway that offers a brief glimpse into the lives of expatriates during the pre- World War 1 time-frame. Hemingway's personal experience as an expatriate living in Europe during the 1920s can be seen throughout the images so keenly described in his short story Hills Like White Elephants and is an accurate piece of literature based on experiences that were common amongst other expatriates of that generation - this story reflects many trends popular with expatriates who had traveled to post-WWI Europe. The story can be interpreted through the exploration of the cause of those trends and ideals held by that (lost) generation. Through this opening passage we are able to understand the location of where our characters are traveling. The beginning of our story sets a scene for the reader: The hills across the valley of the Ebro' were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. Close against the side of the station there was the warm shadow of the building and a curtain, made of strings of bamboo beads, hung across the open door into the bar, to keep out flies (Hemingway). The Ebro is a river in Spain Northeast of Madrid, much closer to the border of France. The two characters of the story, the American and the girl are traveling towards Madrid, the central hub of Spain, a place that could solve problem they are having. We understand towards the end of the story, that the couple is discussing the possibility of an abortion, something that was highly illegal in the 1920r's, especially in a catholic country such as Spain. To understand the mentality, outlook and understanding of life the characters have, presented to us through dialogue, we must first understand the life that an expatriate experienced in the early 20th century. The reason we can rely on this story as one that is accurate to the real experiences of an expatriate in Europe is because the writer, Ernest Hemingway, was an expatriate himself. Ernest Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois in 1899. At the age of eighteen he volunteered as a Red Cross ambulance driver during World War 1 and was sent to France. This choice is what gave Ernest much insight and relation that helped him develop his works later in life. A large reason of expatriates in Europe during the 1920r's is due to the result of World War 1 and the exposure that many young Americans experienced when there. In Matthew Boltonr's essay on Hemingway as an expatriate, he states: In the wake of World War I, a combination of cultural and economic factors conspired to make the city an attractive destination for footloose Americans. The United States involvement in the war meant that some five million young men had been exposed to life in Europe. With the war over, some of these veterans found that France held far more attraction for them than did their American hometowns (Bolton). We understand that, World War I resulted in a cultural movement, exposing many Americans to the expatriate life of Europe - the added effects of the war resulted in the generation that fought it to be lost to Europe - the lost generation. The reactionary decade that followed the war gave way to many institutions to American culture that dissuaded much of the lost generation to return to American. Prohibition noble experiment in outlawing the manufacture and sale of alcohol, had gone into effect in January of 1920. Mainstream American culture, and the legal apparatus that supported it, was resolutely bent on reintegrating the veterans of the Great War into a life of temperance, family values, and the Protestant work ethic (Bolton). Following Hemingwayr's understanding of post-World War I America, we can expect that the writer did not want to return to a land of ?...godliness, propriety, and respectability were of paramount importance (Bolton). The buying power of the dollar to the Franc also was a large deciding factor to the average expatriate. In an article Hemingway wrote to the Toronto Star, for which he worked as a foreign correspondent in Paris, he stated: An American or Canadian can live comfortably, eat at attractive restaurants and find amusement for a total expenditure of two and one half to three dollars a day (Reynolds 5). Hemingway was an expatriate himself and through the experiences he gained through World War I, as well as working as a foreign correspondent - among many other things and experiences throughout his life - we are able to peer into the life of an expatriate (the life of an expatriate is divulged less through Hills Like White Elephants than it is through Hemingwayr's other works, such as The Sun Also Rises, but if we can understand the author's background, or have at least read any of his other works, we are able to acknowledge the meaning of the story and the underlying stories that are not written). The story of Hills Like White Elephants is one that is built on the curiosity of the reader. The subject of abortion in the story is never directly divulged by the characters, but is hinted upon throughout. The main characters, only known as the American and the girl, are seen to be expatriates experiencing a life of exploration through Europe - them presently being in Spain. They are in a train junction and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went on to Madrid (Hemingway). The full written story takes only eight or so minutes to read and at the end of the story we read that "...the train comes in five minutes (Hemingway). This shows us, through the lack of information and the state-of-fact writing that Hemingway is praised for, that there was much silence during that time period. This helps us understand the setting further. The man in the story seems to push for the girl to receive the procedure. The girl is reluctant, but through the setting we can say that, though reluctant, the girl is also unsure of what to do because they are at a junction - which tells us that the couple has travelled this far already in order to get to Madrid where this procedure could be done. The man in the story is very matter-of-fact, realistic, and shows a lack of remorse towards the situation. The girl, someone he says he loves, is the opposite. Because of the manr's pressure, she is considering to not proceed with the abortion. The choice of the man is reason enough for her to understand that this is the life that the man chooses to proceed with a life of adventure, experience and excitement - not one that involves starting a family and taking care of a child. As an expatriate, experiencing a life that is freeing and exciting is something that is expected, but through the story we can see that even if this life is something that the man wants - and maybe it was something that the woman wanted at a certain point - it is not that same now. In the text, we read: "That's the only thing that bothers us. It's the only thing that's made us unhappy." The girl looked at the bead curtain, put her hand out and took hold of two of the strings of beads. "And you think then we'll be all right and be happy." " I know we will. You don't have to be afraid. I've known lots of people that have done it (Hemingway). In this excerpt, we see that the man still believes that through this procedure happiness will return. The idea that happiness will return is something that is frequent in the ideals of an expatriate, the belief that after devastation, there will always come happiness - after the abortion, happiness will return. This can relate back to World War I and how many young soldiers found comfort in the aftermath and the beauty of Europe, while back in America, the country was bracing for the aftermath of many young Americans returning home. Throughout the short story of Hills Like White Elephants we are provided with little informational text aside from descriptive elements of setting and such. We are required to rely on our own understanding in order to decipher the subject and meaning of the story. Through the research, explanation and understanding of the trends of expatriates in Europe - and what cause so many young people to decide on a life as an expatriate we can understand the story better. It seems to be one that shares with us the mentality of expatriates. Many focusing on the good life, the freedom and expressionistic ideals that are not present in America this plays a huge roll on the choices of many expatriates in Europe. In conclusion, a work like Hills Like White Elephants is one that evokes a sense of nostalgia and melancholy once we understand the trends and ideals of the subjects involved. The life of freedom, happiness, wealth, adventure and relaxation is a powerful pursuit and one that, once held, is something that is hard to let go of. With an understanding of life in the post-war 20th century, we are able to relate to a lifestyle that we have dreamt of one we have imagined to be just a fantasy but one that is not simply happiness and comfort. The depths achievable by man in pursuit of self-discovery and freedom may be deep but the heights that can come may be worth the turmoil and risk. This story explains that through less than enough words and we are the ones who need to unearth the true meaning of the work. Hemingway, Ernest. Hills Like White Elephants. The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Ed. R.V. Cassill. New York: Norton & Company, 1995. 443-447. Bolton, Matthew J. "An American in Paris: Hemingway and the Expatriate Life." Critical Insights: The Sun Also Rises, edited by Keith Newlin, Salem, 2010. Salem Online. Reynolds, Michael. Hemingway: The Paris Years. 1989. New York: W. W. Norton, 1999. Kennedy, J. Gerald.Imagining Paris: Exile, Writing, and American Identity. New Haven, CT: Yale UP, 1993.
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Harriet Tubman and her Impact

I was a conductor on the Underground Railroad, and I can say what many others cannot. I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger.Assisting low income families, liberating slaves, and empowering women - these accomplishments are just a glimpse of what makes Harriet Tubman a significant inspiration: a name remembered till today! Picture this, your feet ache as you take another step and you hear your stomach growl in pain. You are a slave on the Underground Railroad (a system of hidden routes and houses to help slaves escape) walking the long winding path to freedom along with other slaves, but youre scared....really scared. Out loud, you complain to turn back and thatr's when the leader of the group, a dark woman adorned with a vibrant head scarf, suddenly points a gun to your head and orders you to Move or die. Frightened, you rush forward to continue the journey. That woman was Harriet Tubman, and that encounter, it really happened. Yeah that may have come off as harsh, but it was Tubmanr's fierce attitude that led eighty slaves to freedom and kept her, in all of her thirteen missions, from losing any of them. Her fellow abolitionists rewarded her with the nickname Black Moses. Tubman was not just brave but a compassionate woman proven in how she made it one of her missions to aid those struggling financially and care for the disabled. Because of her own disabilities from life as a slave, she could barely care for her needs; for her family; for those in her care. Despite her diminishing health, she never stopped working to bring people to safety, buying twenty-five acres of land for them to live on. Tubman would encourage those under her wing to strive towards independence and taught them new skills. Harriet Tubman opened new doors for women: she became the first female to organize a military raid in America. Her speech at a womenr's suffrage meeting and appearance in the National Association of Colored Women conference revealed her persistent passion for equality. Tubmanr's actions destroyed the stereotypes of what it meant to be a woman. Her courage lives on forever in the stories of those lucky enough to know her. Thomas Garrett, a dedicated abolitionist, describes one such event. In the freezing cold of March, Tubman and the runaway slaves with her suddenly came across a deep river. Despite the slaves fears, Tubman fearlessly went deep into the gushing waters while the slaves waited safely on land until they knew for sure it was all right to cross. There are very few people out there with the faith and confidence to put the needs of others before her own, and that is what makes Harriet Tubman so different. With commitment, persistence, courage, Harriet Tubman transformed history by helping and changing lives. To this day and for the rest of history, we will and will always remember the name, Harriet Tubman.
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Knights Versus Romanticism

Knights are often hailed from the medieval era as heroes and legends, especially with fantasy reincarnations of these military romantics. In the beginning of the 20th century, British painter Edmund Leighton specialized in many idealized medieval subjects. One of his most famous paintings being The Accolade (Oil on canvas, 1901, 57 in ?— 39 in). This painting depicts an Accolade, a ceremony that bestows knighthood. This painting is quite fantastical. There is a heavy focus on the two figures closest to the viewer, the Queen and the soon-to-be knight. There is a crowd of figures bearing witness to this event congested in the mid-right corner, but they are not treated as important as the two central figures, based on the washout of light painted on top of them. Both the knight-to-be and especially the queen are extremely beautiful looking. This painting, along with many of Leightonr's and others at this time, feed into the romantic ideal of what being a knight was like. When in actuality, being a knight was simply a way of life, and was not always so great. Beginning as young as age seven, boys would start their work to become a knight by becoming a page in a castle , an attendant to a nobleman. Alongside their work, they would also learn about archery, sword skills, and horsemanship. Around the ages of ten to fourteen, a page would become a squire. A squire was essentially a knight internship. Squires continued to lengthen their knowledge about fighting skills and the code of chivalry, whilst assisting the knight they were working under with weapon polishing, armor polishing, stable keeping, etc. If the boy made it to the age of 21, then he would be able to vow his allegiance to his lord and become a knight. After all, according to Thomas Hobbes, life in the later middle ages was nasty, brutish, and short . The daily activities of knights would start at dawn with a mass, being that knights and Europe were in general mostly catholic during this period, this was the first prayer of the day, where there would also be one mid-morning, evening, and once more before sleep. Knights were the military of the middle ages. To simply put, they were soldiers. Why knights seem so influential and heroic, falls back onto the idea of chivalry. Chivalry coming from the French word chevalier, or knight. Arguably, many of the chivalry rules were put in place to keep knights from becoming power hungry tier one noblemen, and to regulate violence in general. Yet, it would be foolish to believe that all knights followed all rules of chivalry all the time. It was likely that there were bad knights who abused their power. Albeit, smaller power than we think that they had. The basis of chivalry can be summarized as such: maintain god, serve your lord/lady with your all, fight for the wellbeing of all but do not get into unnecessary battles, honor fellow knights, respect women, and to fight for the good and not for the money. Knights were not supposed to kill or get involved in unnecessary battles, but the loophole to this was claiming someone of being a heretic. They could easily twist these rules. Jousting would, in theory, be frowned upon based on the rules of chivalry. A knight should not be killing another knight, but it happened anyway due to these loopholes. Many knights did not have their own castles, many did not even get paid well. Often times, knights stayed at the castle of the head monarch, to serve in an instant if needed. The ceremony of being knighted is symbolic, the iconic tapping of the sword on the shoulders and head symbolizes that the monarch can easily dispose of the knight if they displease them. Chivalry in itself died out after the middle ages, but was reborn again during the Victorian era. This could be why there is such a heavy romantic view on knights and their chivalry, as it seems to be confused with newer Victorian chivalry. Sarah Douglas writes in a review of Chivalry in Medieval England, As such, our impression that knights roamed the countryside in highly stylized accoutrements battling evil and selflessly saving those in need is the product of art or literature generated long after chivalry ceased to be a factor on the battlefield. Romanticism boomed once again in the Victorian era. These works of art made during said era, have left a heavy imprint on us to believe in these ideals of what knights were. When in fact, it was due to the more modern chivalry rules being places upon subjects who had older chivalry rules. The story of King Arthur also heavily romanticizes the idea of being a knight. Lancelot is the most famous knight of the Round Table. Hetta Elizabeth Howes writes on this romanticism, stating: Lancelot is, according to some versions of the story, born to a fairy mother, or, according to others, born to the Lady of the Lake. He is one of Arthurr's best knights, skilled with a sword and a lance, and in almost all versions in which he appears he is absolutely dedicated in his love for and service to Queen Guinevere. He rescues her from death countless times, and cuts open his hands prying open iron bars to rescue her. Their love is one of the enduring features of Arthurian romance; however, it also contributes to the destruction of the Round Table and the fall of Arthurr's utopian kingdom. Lancelot is an example of romanticism being done both in a genuine love-romantic way, and glorification of both his character and his role as a knight. He was born to a supernatural being, immediately this is unrealistic, unfortunately. Having been born to a divine being, this makes him an important character, in a way being related to that of Achilles: A character who also had a divine mother, and known for being a great warrior. Lancelot is both bold and brave, proving to be a great and skilled soldier. But also having a softer side of being a lover. Even if that love is for someone elser's wife. These stories are of fiction. Lancelot is almost the perfect knight in regards to following the rules of chivalry, ignoring the fact that his affairs ruined the Round Table. As stated previously, it was highly unlikely that most knights followed all codes of chivalry, and that these codes were in place to keep knights in line. Not to make them legendary dreamboats. So how romantic is The Accolade? Firstly, this painting is pleasing to oner's eye, as there is a golden ratio between the Queen, Knight-to-be, and witnesses. All of these figures are placed strategically in a way to bring the eye around the painting as a whole. The queen is dressed all in white, which is symbolic of innocence and purity. She is extremely beautiful, young, and has a powerful role of being the queen. Her dress and self are embellished in golden jewelry, with gemstones accentuating each piece. Being that this piece was crafted in the 20th centenary, it is not a Victorian piece, but is influenced heavily by the Victorian romance. The knight is knelt submissively below his queen, we do not see much of his features other than a slice of his profile. This anonymity makes it easy to self-insert oner's own ideal of who the knight is. This caters to the viewer greatly. Her's dressed boldly in a red tunic, which immediately draws the eye in onto him. As stated in the beginning, the witnesses are not so important to this piece, as they are washed out with light. There is some importance, though, in recognizing that there is a squire looking on, who can be identified as the boy holding the knightr's shield. He looks at the scene unfolding in front of him in an almost dreamy manner, as that could be him one day. A priest is holding onto his shoulders reassuringly. Edmund Leighton was not the only medieval romantic painter of his time, Sir John Everett Millais made paintings in a similar fashion of idealization a few years prior. His nearly life size painting, Knight Errant (Oil on canvas, 1870, 72in ?— 53in), depicts a chivalrous act of a knight rescuing a recently robbed woman tied to a tree. When displayed in the royal academy in 1870, Millais accompanied his own text next to the work, stating The order of Knights errant was instituted to protect widows and orphans, and to succour maidens in distress. This goes back to the summarization of chivalry. This painting is a night scene, with a crescent moon visible in the upper left hand corner. The female figure is nude, her clothes are seen disheveled on the forest floor to the lower left of her. The tree sher's tied to is a Silver Birch, which was commonly identified with femininity in the 19th century. You can see two figures fleeing the scene from the upper right corner. The knightr's sword has blood on it and when you look towards his feet, there is a bloodied torso of a dead man. This painting is a prime example of the idealization of a knight. This knight featured in this painting is extremely heroic and chivalrous in all aspects. Not only is he saving a damsel in distress, but he also took down and scared off her attackers, while he is completely unharmed. His facial expression is stern, yet calm. X-rays of this painting show that originally, Millais had the nude female figure making eye contact with her savior. But poor reviews of this edition of the painting coaxed Millais to change her stance, and make her take a more modest approach. Unfortunately, like many female nude figures in this era, Millais was also criticized for this nude appearing too real. Knowing that chivalry was revived and endorsed via the Victorian era, and that knights where just simple soldiers of their time, this painting leaves a sort of kitsch taste. It is extravagant and played on through the mistaken ideals that have been setup for us. Knight Errant has a blunter, in-your-face approach of heroism compared to The Accolade. Both of these paintings are idealized, glorified, and have a strong sense of heroism. The era these paintings were created in, after Victorian times, strongly correlate with the idea that the Victorian era imprinted onto our ideals of what a knight was. The art made after the rebirth of chivalry has confused and infected our views as to what chivalry was like during the medieval ages. When in actuality, it was a military job one began training for during childhood, and if made to the age of 21, granted the most minimal nobility status. Chivalry was created to dispel and frown upon violence. And, as typical human nature works, did not make every knight the heroic romantic we think that they were today. At most, they were a pawn for their monarch in charge. Symbolized when taking their vows that said monarch could cut them off easily. When not battling for said monarch, they were constantly training and keeping up with prayer. It was a job that was better than being a merchant or a farmer, but still seemed to be just another job.
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Drama of the Loman Family

Imagine dying for the sake of a dream. In the drama Death of a Salesman, the author, Arthur Miller, tells of the tragic life of a salesman named Willy and his family. The family feels trapped in their misfortune, and in turn act in immature ways in order to prove to themselves that life is not as bad as it seems. The Loman family is constantly being tested by various events, therefore when something good happens they are quick to react, not thinking about how it will impact them in the future. Miller uses the actions of the characters to show that, much like today, the Lomans wanted to be successful in life: the characters lack of honesty, lack of communication and being in a state of denial, which led to the selfless decision that would change the Loman family forever.

In the drama, Miller uses the conflict between the two main characters, Willy and his son, Biff, to bring to light one of the biggest problems seen throughout the story, honesty. The Loman family is built on lies and secrets. In the attempt to bring light to both situations, Willy and Biff lie their way through each obstacle. Linda, Willyr's wife, is so blindsided by the hard work of her husband, that she can not see what is going on behind the scenes and while he is at work. Willy is having an affair with a woman, but knows how to manipulate his family into believing he is your ordinary hard working father whose main priority is to provide for his family. While a lot of the blame for the family misfortune is thrown on Willy, Biff is no angel either. He hides from his family the reasoning for having no address for three months (104) until he later confesses he was in jail for stealing. (104) The Loman family is constantly in a battle against each other because there is not a strong foundation or the honesty needed for the family to thrive. With the constant struggle between both men who only see the failures in each other, conflict is set early on in the drama. Considering what the reader already knows, it is evident that without honesty and trust the Loman family is not going to last.

Two very important components of a successful family would be trust and communication. For the Loman family communication is not a strong suit. A vast majority of the problems developed in the story stem from Willy and Biff who do not agree on anything. They lack communication skills which has not helped with Willyr's hope of one day living the American dream. Willy has big plans for Biff, but Biff refuses to settle for anything less than perfect. Biff, being 34 years old, has not had a set job and has explored multiple career choices, such as shipping clerk, salesman, business of one kind or another (10) , and he has never been satisfied. Biff and Willy do not have a healthy relationship. Once a statements is made they are ready to fire back. Willy does not agree with Biffr's inability to compromise with a job and makes the remark that not finding yourself at the age of thirty-four is a disgrace, (5) creating conflict once again with his son. A lot of Willyr's problems start when he does not get what he wants and then starts to react based on his immediate feelings. Not only does he disagree with his son but he finds himself getting jealous of the fame and fortune of the people around him. He lets his immediate senses cloud his judgement which in the long run is detrimental to his family. Miller uses Willy and Biffr's poor communication skills to prove that sometimes it is better to say nothing at all, then to open your mouth and regret it later.

In addition to lacking honesty and having poor communication skills, the Loman family, Willy in particular, is in denial, which leads to the event that will change the Loman family. This creates the greatest amount of tension between Biff and Willy. Willy is constantly nagging at Biff and his inability to find a job which only makes matters worse. Likewise, he calls Biff a lazy bum (5), but then contradicts himself by making the comment just moments later, there is one thing about Biff- he is not lazy. (6) Miller uses Willyr's inability to detain his emotions to show that Willy is very indecisive about many things in life. Instead of letting his sons live their own dream, Willy lets his own personal goals, get in the way of Biffr's wishes. Willy also brings the problems he faces in his home life, into the workforce. Willy is very confident in himself as a salesman, but his boss sees it differently. Willy says he averaged a hundred and seventy dollars a week in commissions (62), by is then degraded by his boss, Howard when he says, now Willy, you never averaged (62) that much money, which is obvious considering how much the Loman family is struggling. Miller uses the conversation of the two characters to prove Willy is in denial. Furthermore, Willy makes the statement, you end up worth more dead than alive, leading him to make the decision to kill himself, in hopes of giving his boys the future they want and deserve. Miller uses the actions of the Loman family, to reiterate what denial can do to a family.

In Arthur Millerr's Death of a Salesman, the reader is almost immediately thrown into the drama of the Loman family. Miller writes in a way that will keep the reader on his toes about what will happen next in the Loman household. Overall he uses Willy and Biff as a platform for the drama, to show what the lack of honesty, communication, and even denial can do to a family. In the drama, the character gets to see how the Loman family is affected due to the unwillingness to agree. Miller reiterates that the things you do in life have consequences, some are good, and some are bad. For the Loman family the actions of the characters will change their life forever, they had to lose something to gain something, and for what. The things you do in this life will be what people remember you by, make sure to leave a legacy.

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Reasons of Stealing Things by Biff Loman

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the reasons of stealing things by Biff Loman. Biff is one of the main characters in the play Death of a Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, an American playwright and essayist. One of the most urgent themes in the play is the generation gap between the father and his son. The play introduces Biff to the reader as Willyr's oldest son. He is a promising football star at high school: he is strong, handsome and popular with both friends and with women. His father sets great hopes on him. Willy Loman lives in the world of illusion, in the world that he has imagined for himself and for his sons. Moreover, I think that he completely failed his role of father, because during his life he taught and encouraged Biff to steal and saw no harm in it. The play isn't written chronologically with some flashbacks into Biff's childhood. When Biff was at school he stole a carton of basketballs, later he stole football equipment from school without his trainer's permission. He also got some grades by dishonest means. From time to time Biff cheated by getting answers from his classmate Bernard, who couldn't refuse him, because Biff was stronger. And it was Willy Loman who taught Biff think and behave like that. He considered Bernard to be a dreadful swot and was laughing at him. I also remember the episode from the first act, when Willy wanted to rebuild the porch of their house. He just ordered his boys to go and steal some sand without any confusion: Boys! Go right over to where theyre building the apartment house and get some sand. And when his neighbour Charlie tries to warn him and bring him to reason by saying Listen, if they steal any more from that building the watchmanll put the cops on them! Willy starts boasting that this is not the first time they commit such a crime: You shoulda seen the lumber they brought home last week. The head of the family doesnt utterly care about the consequences, emphasizing that he got a couple of fearless characters there. After leaving school Biff's tendency to stealing continued. First he goes to jail in Kansas City for stealing a suit, then he tells his father about the evident fact: "I stole myself out of every good job since high school!" The last theft in the play happens when Biff steals a fountain pen in Bill Oliver's office. Throughout his life he got into a habit of stealing. His disability to build a successful life and career emphasizes the depravity of his character and Willy's failures as a father. By stealing things Biff demonstrates his protest against people who he thinks have succeeded in live better than he has. It is also the way that gives him an excuse to be fired from any job he finds unpromising. This fact has a tremendous effect on Biffr's attempts to make his future. But curiously enough he realises that her's living in the imaginary world, living somebody elser's life, but not his own. Biff comes to terms with the reality of his situation and life. By the end of the play he refuses to live in a life of delusion and lie to himself and those around him. He realizes the fact that he is a deceitful thief and leaves home hoping to change his life for the better. Biff is destined to no greatness, but he no longer has to struggle to understand what he wants to do with his life. As a result, the following conclusions should be made: interference into someoner's life leads to its breakdown; parents must treat their children live in a real world; one cant built successful future based on beautiful words and illusions.
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Is Willy Loman a Tragic Character?

In the play by Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman, the character Willy Loman is in my view the tragic character. His problems come from the delusions in his mind, his lack of understanding towards his family and the American Dream turning into a nightmare because of his personal flaws. His way of thinking is the biggest flaw, he is always consumed with his own desires and dreams that he is stubborn enough to ignore anything that contradicts his beliefs. He is convinced that by being liked he can gain wealth and through wealth comes the ultimate success.

Don't say he's a great man. Willy Loman never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper. He's not the finest character that ever lived. But he's a human being, and a terrible thing is happening to him. So attention must be paid. He's not to be allowed to fall into his grave like an old dog. Attention, attention must finally paid to such a person (Act 1, 40).

This is relevant to the modern world because every man is trying to find their true self in today's commercialized world. Everyone feels like they should get a break, and that because they think they deserve wealth and have popularity they should be recognized. Although allot of the time hard work isnt being put out rather its the delusion that they are entitled. People need to wake up and realize that everything is not really what it appears to be.

Willy is unable to learn from his mistakes and realize where he is causing wrong, when he has an affair with a Woman and Biff discovers his father's infidelity Willy continues with his dreams disregarding the consequences. Biffr's life is completely destroyed and Willy fails to realize the real reason for his sons failure. He wants pity but he cant even teach his own children how to live successfully (at least they get $20,000 from his insurance). Willy later realizes that he will never amount to the successful businessman he wanted to be, failure after failure, he commits suicide.

Willyr's tragedy comes from the misconception of the American Dream. He believed that success came from superficial qualities such as being liked. He chose to become a salesman for social acceptance and lied so much to himself and others, as well as lost sight of the importance of his family. After his death he gains freedom and an escape from his life; this makes him the tragic character.

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Women in Death of a Salesman Novel

For over forty years audiences and readers have been drawn into the lives of the Loman family and have often found in that family their own parents and themselves. Arthur Miller's classic American play, Death of a Salesman, exposes the relationship between gender relationships and dysfunctional family behaviors. The play was well written with plenty of creative plot ideas; however, it completely degrades women. Throughout Arthur Miller's Death of a salesman, we see the women being objectified through their treatment at the hands of men. The author portrays this in Linda's constant emotional abuse to show that she is unimportant to Willy, Happy and his actions and statements are used to show that women are easily manipulated, Willy and Ben thinking of their father as an adventurous man while treating their mother as less significant to show men's superiority.

Female Characters in Death of a Salesman

All through the play we see the way that Willy, Biff, and Happy treat women, and during that time period it was normal for men to be treating women that way. In the nineteenth and early twentieth-century women were looked down upon, they were restricted from doing anything that made them leave the house. Women were seen as the housekeepers, having to cook, clean, have and take care of children, whereas the men would be outside working, and living a life where they could do anything they pleased. Men did not see women as persons, but rather as creatures for their amusement. Females were treated as fragile and delicate beings and were not nearly as important as men and had no power or control. (Breanna Romans, 2016).

Every single woman in the play was treated with unimportance because, as mentioned above, this was the way men in the 1940s viewed women. The time period that Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman was an era where women were mistreated, and treated as objects.

Linda is the female who is being objectified the most by her husband Willy. We see in the play, day after day, Willy constantly interrupted Linda, cut her off, ignored her, and treated her with disrespect. “Linda: Maybe things are beginning to… Willy: (wildly enthused, to Linda) Stop interrupting! ” (Act 1, page 46) The most objectifying action Willy displayed was his disloyalty towards Linda, and yet, she still cherished and respected him even during his lowest moments. “Linda: No, you can’t just come to see me, because I love him. He’s the dearest man in the world to me, and I won’t have anyone making him feel unwanted and low and blue.” (Act 1, page 55) In the 1940’s, women standing up for themselves to their husbands was unheard of. Linda took so much emotional abuse from her husband that it was no longer considered wrong, but normal. Willy never saw the intelligent side of Linda. Even though she was always so loving, he is always the one who takes control over their sons Biff and Happy, she has no control in shaping who they become, as he wants the boys’ future to be the way he had planned it to be. Willy treated his wife as the typical housewife that he would advertise.

In addition to that, Happy Loman portrayed many aspects of the objectification of women through his actions and statements regarding women themselves. Happy doesn't care about morals when it comes to women. He only likes the idea of being with them. He lies to women to get their attention, most likely for the intention of sleeping with them. There were situations in the play that suggest this attitude as he would hit on women that already have partners. The play insists that Happy goes for girls just for their looks to build his self esteem. He says this by complimenting them, for example, when he states “Would you object to a compliment from a stranger? You ought to be on a magazine cover” (Act 2 Page 101). Happy tells women things they would like to hear. For example, it is stated when Happy says “Biff is quarterback with the New York Giants” (Act Two Page 102).

This demonstrates that the play is showing how easily fooled women can be. From the way the play expressed the women, it was as though they were prostitutes. This also makes it seem like women are easily seduced and easy to be controlled by men. Just like with the 3 executives' fianc©s, the play makes it seem like women are easily manipulated by men and drop their morals because they are blinded by their wants. The girls whom Happy associate with get drawn to the way Happy talks to them and his appearance. Happy takes advantage of their naive look on the world. He shows his sexual objectification of women when he states “Look at that mouth. Oh. God. And the binoculars.” (Act 2 Page 100). Even Biff has a tainted view on women from seeing his dad’s mistress and has no respect for them, with the exception of his mom.

Another female who was objectified was Willy’s mother. The Loman family history can be pieced together through Willy’s flashback conversation with Ben(partly with his conversation with Charley) and his present conversation with Howard. Apparently, Father Loman was a travelling maker and seller of flutes who went off to seek adventure in Alaska and deserted Mother, leaving her with two boys to raise alone. Then Ben ran off when he was seventeen and Willy was not quite four years old. Thus Willy and Mother were left alone together. The desertion by his father left Willy feeling “kind of temporary” (Act1, page 51) about himself and provoked Ben to imitate and surpass what his father had done. Both sons mythologize the father: to Willy he was “an adventurous man” with “quite a little streak of self-reliance” (Act 2, page 81); to Ben he was “a very great and a very wild-hearted man” who with “one gadget” (the flute) supposedly “made more in a week than a man like Willy could make in a lifetime” (Act 1, Page 49).

Both trivialize the role of their mother. Ben calls her a “Fine specimen of a lady” and the “old girl” (Act 1 page 46) and assumes she would be living with lesser son Willy. But she is the woman who bore and raised Ben, whom he deserted and made no attempt to contact, not even knowing that she had “died a long time ago” (Act 1, Page 46). Willy’s only other stated information about Mother Loman is his memory of being “in Mamma’s lap listening to some kind of high music coming from a man with a big beard” (Act 1, page 48). The mother thus provided the position of comfort from which to attend to the father (Kay Stanton, 1989). Mother is never mentioned again which gives the impression that she is not of importance in Willy’s life.

‘The woman’ was Willy’s mistress and was mentioned a lot in the play, but the fact that she doesn’t even have a name is the most degrading thing the writer has done to her character. She only exists to satisfy Willy’s sexual desires and is treated as an object rather than a person. She was a tool to tend to Willy’s bruised ego and as a reward she was showered with gifts.(Prezi, 2015). She is easily tossed aside like an old toy when Biff comes to see his father. She is blindsided, and she is left humiliated when Willy denies her, sending her out of the room in her nightgown.” Willy(pushing her offstage): Get outa here! Go back, go back!” (Act 2, page 87)

Even though she was treated better than Linda, she was still discarded when she was no longer of use to him. She was nothing more than his side lady and he had no intentions of making her anything more. She was used for her body and to fill the gaps in Willy’s life. The dialogue suggested that she did not know of Willy’s children, and of his marriage until Biff arrived at the hotel which proves that she was not a home wrecker and had good intentions with Willy. Willy’s character relates to the author Arthur Miller, he was married but at the same time was having affair with Marilyn Monroe which suggests that the author himself did not respect women either.

In conclusion, Women in Death of a Salesman are used to excite and appease to men even if the men are abusive or disrespectful. We have seen this in the way Willy treats Linda and how he constantly cuts her off and emotionally abuse her, in addition to ‘the woman’ and how she was tossed away when she was no longer of use to Willy. Happy also shows very huge disrespect to women when his only intention with them is sexually, along with his brother Biff. Ben and Willy also trivialized their mother and didn’t even know that she passed away. Every single woman in this play was objectified one way or another by the hands of men, and every single man in the play has disrespected a woman with no exceptions. Till this day we still face this problem. Men today still continue to see women as objects of pleasure probably even more so than past times. Although we have advanced in the way people treat, and see women, they are still fighting for equal rights, and to stop being treated as objects.

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Reality and Illusions in Death of a Salesman

There is a substantial contrast between reality and illusions. Many characters in literature find themselves struggling with the inability to establish the difference between the two, leading to a conflict with themselves along with the character's family. This is no exception to Willy Loman, a failing salesman in New England. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, a major theme and interest of conflict is Willy Loman's quest to achieve the American Dream leading to his failure, due to the pursuit of his illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. The most prominent and repetitive illusion of Willy Loman is the importance of success being dependent on popularity and having personal attractiveness. Willy has built a life around this ideology, preaching it to his family, especially his son, Biff. His belief in this theory is proven when Willy's sons, Biff and Happy, are expressing how lonesome they were without their father. Willy promises them, Someday Ill have my own business, and Ill never have to leave my home any more Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Charley is not - liked. He's liked, but he's not - well liked (Miller 30). Amidst his preoccupation with financial survival, Willy insists he will make it big someday and have the life that he wants. Almost more important to him than successful business deals is being liked. Over the course of the play, however, it is quickly discovered that Willy is not particularly well liked at all. This is just another one of his delusions. While teaching Biff the concept of being well-liked, Willy only reinforces his belief in the ideology and furthers his sense of this false reality; similarly, Willy illustrates this delusion when Biff explains to his father that the coach continues to congratulate and comment on his industriousness, despite him stealing the football. Willy replies saying, That's because he likes you. If anyone else took that ball, thered be an uproar (Miller 54). Willy is elevating being well liked over all virtues as he suggests that Biff can get away with thievery because of his popularity. In the end, Biff's kleptomaniac tendencies stand in the way of his path to success. Willy believes that his father, Dave Singleman, and Ben represent the true meaning of the American Dream. Focusing more on the wealth and materials they have, Willy fails to understand that what made them successful is the work put in. Ben says to Willy, Great inventor, Father. With one gadget he made more in a week than a man like you could make in a lifetime (Miller 49). Being a salesman like his father, Willy is under the impression that he can achieve material success such as money, luxury, wealth, and popularity without having to work for it. Willy portrays himself as a successful businessman to his family which in turn, results in his deceitfulness and distress. When Linda asks about the Chevy, Willy says it's the greatest car ever built. As soon as Linda brings up the fact that Willy owes money for the carburetor, Willy backtracks and says, Im not going to pay that man! That goddam Chevrolet, they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car! (Miller 36). Willy steps out of the myths he created about himself and his financial situation and quickly changes his opinion on the car, especially when the lies he told Linda are proving impossible to keep up with. Worried about his driving in the beginning of the play, Linda tries to convince Willy to get a job in New York. They dont need me in New York, Willy tells her, Im the New England man. Im vital in New England (citation). This is what Willy has been trying to emulate his entire life. Willy's need to feel well-liked is so strong that he often makes up lies about his popularity and success. At times, Willy even believes these lies himself, believing that he will have a spectacular funeral. Contrary to Willy believing he is important and admired in New England, Linda learns the truth during Willy's funeral when she says, Why didnt anybody come? But where were all the people he knew? (Miller 137). This is a pivotal moment when Linda realizes the truth about Willy's inaccurate conclusions on his life. Willy, dear, I cant cry. Why did you do it? I search and search and I search and I cant understand it, Willy. I made the last payment on the house today. Today, dear. And theyll be nobody home. [A sob rises in her throat] Were free and clear, (Miller 139). Linda's refrain of "we're free" after her comments about mortgage payments implies the linkage of freedom with economic security in Death of a Salesman. The play seems to be making a larger comment on the American system of capitalism. Willy Loman was trapped by his longing for financial gain, focusing on material things keeping him from truly being free. This is something Linda, unfortunately, is forced to realize while talking to her deceased husband's grave. In Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, Willy Loman's quest to achieve the American Dream leads to his failure, due to the pursuit of his illusion of the American Dream and not the reality of it. In doing so, Willy Loman is deceitful towards his family about his finances and he ends being overwhelmed by the lies he told to accommodate for his belief in success. Willy clung to memories of his distant past to find hope for the future. Ironically, Willy killed himself because he thought the insurance was worth more than himself, not realizing that there was no insurance money since he hadnt paid it. Willy Loman's perception of reality became more of a perception of his illusions.
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Death of a Salesman Act 1

Willy heard flute music and remembered his dad. His dad was a salesman and a flute-maker. Willy was 63 and a salesman who traveled to multiple places. On a Monday Afternoon, Willy Loman came home from his business trip super early. He was tired. Linda, Willyr's wife, woke up and greeted him. Willy didnt want to talk about why he came home early. Linda irritated him by asking him what happened repeatedly. She asked if he was in a car accident. He became irritated and said that he didnt have one. He said he kept going into a trance when he was driving. He said that he opened his carr's windshield to look at nature. He looked at the flowers, the trees, the leaves on the ground, he felt the cozy air, and started daydreaming. He then lost focus on driving. Linda begged him to ask Howard Wagner, his boss, for a job where he doesnt have to travel, in New York. Linda and Willy talked about Happy and Biff, Linda and Willyr's sons. They were sleeping. Biff came from Texas. Willy judged Biff for doing manual labor on horse ranches and farms in the West because he was upset with him. He called him lazy and a bum. He then said that Biff wasnt lazy. Biff told happy that he wished he didnt have a fight with his dad. Happy wanted to know what Biff wanted to do with his life. Biff told happy that he wasnt happy at all. He also told him that he hates the business industry and competition. He thinks that farm work is better. Happy felt lonely because he didnt have a woman and a sufficient job. Happy and Biff imagined emigrating to the West to have a cattle and ranch and working in the sun. Biff gave up his desire for wealth. Happy couldnt give up his desire for money. Biff came home because he felt like he needed direction because he doesnt understand what he wants to do in life. He tried to be a shipping clerk and a salesman but it didnt work out because he doesnt want to be in business. Happy felt guilty because he slept with his buddies fiances and girlfriends. He took bribes from producers to display their goods. Biff chose to ask Bill Oliver, his ex-employer, for money to begin building a ranch. Biff thought that Bill blamed him for stealing basketballs but Happy told him that he will like him. His sons thought that he had another car accident because he was making rumbling noises, so they woke up. Willy remembered Happy and Biff, when they were younger, washing his car and playing football. Willy said that he is opening more huge business than Charleyr's. Charley isnt respected like Willy is. Bernard, Charleyr's son, came to study with Biff for math. Biff isnt passing math. Willy commanded Biff to study for math. Biff didnt want to. He distracted Willy. He showed Willy the badge for the University of Virginia on his shoes. It impressed Willy. Bernard said that the shoes dont mean that Biff is going to graduate. Bernard left. Willy asked Biff if Bernard was respected. Happy and Biff said that he was respected but not that respected. Willy told Linda he made $1200 by selling goods. Linda questioned him. He only made $200. Willy said that he couldnt make money because people did not respect him. Willy said that he jokes and talks a lot. Willy said that Charley is respected because he doesnt talk a lot. Willy thinks that people think that he is super fat. Linda told him that he was handsome. Willy told her he missed her a lot when he was on trips.
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Loss of Identity in Death of Salesman

Death of salesman addresses the loss of identity and the inability of man to accept change between himself and the society. The play is a medley of flashbacks, dreams, confrontations, and arguments, all of which make up the final day of Willy Loman's life. There are three major themes within the play. These themes are denial, inconsistency, and order versus disorder. Each member of the Loman family is leading a life with denial and perpetuation of a cycle of renunciation for others. Willy Loman does not consider to accept the fact that he has the traits of a middling salesman. He strives for his elegance of the American dream which is bound by accomplishment and bad status, even when he is obliged to repudiate the reality in order to attain it. Willy chooses to retreat to the past events and memories which he is known to have accomplished them, instead of sticking to his acknowledgement that his success is not well-known.

Willy's favorite memory is bound by several memories of life. One of these memories is that of Biff's last football match. Willy was promised a descent by Biff, and this makes him impatient to tell his customers about it. His son is proud about him, and this fact makes him consider himself a famous man (Jia, and X 9) Willy's two sons, Biff and Happy, resemble him in terms of character of manipulating reality and they practice it throughout their lives, much of their disadvantage. It happens that in the end of the play, Biff admits that he has been affected just like Willy. Linda is the only character that has observed and realized that Loman family lives with too much inconsistency, while she goes along with Willy's fantasies in order to spare the fragile state of the mind. The second key theme of the play is inconsistency. During the course of the play, there are instances where Willy's behavior is riddled with contradictions. The only thing that is consistent about Willy is his contradictions. This theme is spread all over, from the beginning of Act 1 Scene 1. This scene reveals Willy's tendency, whereby he refers to Biff as a lazy bum, and then contradicts himself later by stating that the same person is hardworking and responsible.

The fact throughout the play remains that Biff is not a lazy fellow, but the sentiments made by Willy at the beginning of the play tend to confuse the audience, who are dragged to become a symbol of his character. Through his behavior of uncertainness, Willy has been unable to appreciate the reality and his intentions to influence the past in an attempt to assume the present events (Smith and David 60). An example of these events is that Willy cannot appreciate the fact that Biff does not accord him any further regards because of the affairs of Willy. Instead of accounting for their relationship as one that is irreconcilable, Willy reforms back to particular times when Biff used to respect him. As the play goes on, Willy disassociates himself more than any other time from the present as his problems become too many to respond to, calling for extra attention that could be unnecessary. The third major theme of the play is order versus disorder. This theme is directly linked to Willy's retreats into the past.

Each moment when Willy reconnects with the past, he does so in order to disagree with the current events, especially if the present is too fragile to consider for acceptance. At the course of the play, it is clear that Willy spends most of his moments reflecting the past as a means of restoring his life to be orderly as before (Smith and David 60). The more disintegrated and disastrous reality tends to be, Willy still finds reason for the necessity to create an alternative reality even if he may be required to dwell alone in the past. This fact is illustrated well during the moment when Willy was fired. As the play continues, Ben appears and Willy submits that there is nothing that he tried and worked out in his favor, and therefore he did not know what to do. To confuse the conversation, Ben switches to talk about Alaska and proposes to offer Willy a job. Immediately during this context, Linda appears and convinces Willy to stick to sales the way Dave Singleman does.

The encouragement by Linda gave him hopes to believe that he can be successful like Singleman. It has built in him a memory that distracting him from the reality that he has been fired from his job. ConclusionThe three themes discussed in this essay work hand-in-hand to create an environment in which the audience are involved in the noticing the identity of the man wasting away.

The play continues to cause effects to the audience as it allows them to put themselves in the shoes of the characters. Willy's character affects many audience because in one way or another, many must have undergone several emotional moments like self-depreciation, failure and regret. Annotated bibliographyJia, X. U. "A Tense Conversion Approach to Western Narrative Drama from the Perspective of Tempo-spatial Reference Framework””A Case Study of The Death of Salesman."Journal of Guangdong University of Education4 (2017): 009.This source is unique because of its illustration of the basic cognitive categories in human being. This source takes the play as a case study of the flavour of native drama. It also relates the play with real life situations, by drawing illustrations from the characters of the play. The source is relevant to my research essay because it generates cognitive mechanism towards high frequent tense conversion. This conversion is based on the various spaces that include, embodied language space and disembodied language space. There is also the use of combined language space.Smith, David. "Death of a Salesman."The Arthur Miller Journal12.1 (2017): 60. The source is unique because it describes how the international community of readers perceives it. The source illustrates the character traits of the characters. It also touches on the main themes of the play. The source is relevant to my research essay because it gives a clear explanation of the major themes of the play. It links the themes directly to the main characters in the play. It also touches on the possible effects of the audience on the use of different styles and character traits. Works cited Jia, X. U. "A Tense Conversion Approach to Western Narrative Drama from the Perspective of Tempo-spatial

Reference

  • Framework A Case Study of The Death of Salesman.Journal of Guangdong University of Education4 (2017): 009.
  • Smith, David. "Death of a Salesman."The Arthur Miller Journal12.1 (2017):
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Transformation in Death of a Salesman

During a 1999 interview with Charlie Rose, Arthur Miller stated that his play, Death of a Salesman, is a love story, basically, between a father and son it's about the loss of love and finding of love again. Miller's play, written in 1946, focuses on Willy Loman, a salesman who has spent his life trying to succeed in business and popularity, but never quite grasping how to be the success he portrayed himself to be. Realizing early on that he would never be his own definition of success, Willy works to instill in his two young sons, Biff and Happy, the importance of success in business and being well liked.

Unfortunately for Willie, the values that he teaches his sons, and the example he sets only serves to lead them astray. Now in his sixties, Willie is tired. He and Biff have been at odds since Biff discovered him having an affair. The discovery destroyed Biff and his view of his father, resulting in Biff's drifting unhappily and unsuccessfully through life. Upon his return home, witnessing the hopeless, delusional being that his father has become”suicidal, and unable to separate his memories of the past from the present, Biff attempts to help his father to regain his confidence and hope.

However, the lies of their family run too deep, causing Biff to falter; and Willie, deciding that he is worth more dead than alive, takes his own life. In the course of attempting to help his father, Biff reveals himself as a protagonist in this play as he manages, unlike any of the other characters, to achieve some manner of personal growth by battling his inner demons, his father's expectations, and his families lies and unrealistic endeavors in pursuit of riches. Biff learns that the only way he will avoid the fate of his father is to live his truth by choosing happiness over success.

Lee Siegel asserts that, Biff's inability, at the age of 34, to get beyond the discovery, when he was a senior in high school, of his father's infidelity”committed by Willy out of loneliness and desperation”roots him as fatally in his past as Willy is stuck in his. Until this discovery, Biff was on track to at least finish high school. The product of Willy's raising, Biff was a gifted football star who valued popularity over academics. Biff followed his father's dvice as if it were gospel, be liked and youll never want (Miller, Death, 33). Biff and Willy, for a time, exist in a relationship of mutual flattery, unrealistic dreams, and adoration. Willy is willing to overlook Biff's flaws of being a thief and a bully, and Biff does not believe Willy has any flaws. However, the discovery of Willy's affair, shakes Biff to his very core and causes him to question everything Willy has ever taught him. If Willy is not authentic, then neither is Biff, for his authenticity depends completely on Willy's authorizing it (Heims 1180). This event effectively stunts Biff, he is left without a certain idea of success, to battle the happiness he finds on a farm and in nature with his instilled desire to find success in business.

Biff's stagnation torments Willy. Biff was meant to be Willy's redemption for his own failures, a heavy burden for a father to place on a son. Willy, grows more irritated with each encounter with Biff and his lack of material success. He questions, How can he find himself on a farm? Is that a life? A farmhand?...it's more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week! (Miller,Death, 16).

However, even though Biff feels mocked by Willy, he also sees that his father is in distress, and feels the need to help him. Biff appears to Willy as a hero who inexplicably has not achieved his heroism and who is, consequently, a source of grief and not joy (Heims 1137). In one last attempt to live up to Willie's standards, to rescue his father, and help him to regain respect, Biff plans to borrow money from an old boss and start his own sporting goods business with Happy. At this new Willie is overjoyed, pressing his son to succeed, its like the old says to him, but with a seemingly greater sense of desperation and urgency.

However, the former lies of his family have only invaded Biff's perceptions of past events, his former boss, Mr. Oliver, has no recollection of him. Biff was not the prized salesman he and his family remembered him to be, but just a shipping clerk. In his pride injured state Biff steals the mans pen to make himself feel better. At the same time Willie has been fired, he tells his sons, the woods are burning, boys, you understand. There's a big blaze going on all around (Miller, Death, 107). As Biff reveals the truth of his day to Willy, disappointing him in his time of great need, Willy is relieving the moment of Biff discovering his affair. Willy begins to lose his last bit of sanity. He has nothing left to give, but Biff refuses to live with the lies anymore.

Biff has changed, he's had an epiphany in the midst of stealing the pen he asks himself, why am I trying to become what I dont want to be? What am I doing in an office making a contemptuous, begging fool of myself, when all I want is out there, waiting for me the minute I say I know who I am! (Miller, Death, 132). With this realization Biff implores Willy to accept that his failures werent out of spite anymore, but simply because he never took the time to make anything of himself. In Willy's last confrontation with Biff he realizes too, that the degree of Biff's alienation from, and rage at him are measures of his love for him (Heims 1080). Willy finally understands that Biff loves him, but it is too late. The only thing that changes in Willy's decided course of action, is that he dies knowing that Biff loves him.

In the end, it is only Biff who is able realize that happiness and comfort are not found in the reckless pursuit of material goods and popularity, but in the comfort of freedom and truth. It is Bill's love for Willy that both torments and frees him.

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Arthur Miller and his Influence on History

Arthur Miller was born in New York City on October 17, 1915. His career as a playwright began while he was a student at the University of Michigan. Several of his early works won prizes, and during his senior year, the Federal Theatre Project in Detroit performed one of his works. He produced his first great success called All My Sons in 1947. Two years later, Miller wrote Death of a Salesman, which won the Pulitzer Prize and transformed Miller into a national sensation. This play is known as the first great American tragedy, and Miller achieved greatness as a man who understood the deep aspect of the United States. He published The Crucible in 1953, a searing statement of the anti-communist hysteria that infused 1950s America. He has won the New York Drama Critics Circle Award twice, and his Broken Glass in 1993 won the Olivier Award for best play of the London Season.

The basis for the dramatic conflict in Death of a Salesman lies in Arthur Millerr's conflicted relationship with his uncle, Manny Newman who is also a salesman. Newman imagined a continuous competition between his son and Miller. Newman refused to accept failure and demanded the appearance of utmost confidence in his household. In his youth, Miller had written a short story about an unsuccessful salesman. His relationship with Manny revived his interest in the rejected manuscript. He transformed the story into one of the most successful dramas in the history of the American stage. In expressing the emotions that Manny Newman inspired through the fictional character of Willy Loman, Miller managed to touch deep chords within the civil mind.

Death of a Salesman addresses the painful conflicts within one family, but it also tackles larger issues regarding to American national values. The play examines the cost of blind faith in the typical American dream. In this respect, it offers a postwar American reading of a personal tragedy. Death of a Salesman is a powerful drama, its indictment of fundamental American values of material success may seem somewhat harmless in todayr's age of consent national and individual self-analysis and criticism, but its challenge was quite radical for its time. After World War II ended in 1945, the United States faced serious and unforgiving tensions and conflicts.

However, the economic situation was not improved for the poorest Americans during this time. The economic boom in the late 1940s brought high inflation, which kept poorer citizens from saving any money, and small farmers faced hard times because of government policies that benefited larger, corporate farmers. The lowest-paid workers in the country were the migrant farm workers, with sales clerks and unskilled laborers not far above them. Happy as a sales clerk and Biff being a farm worker, each of them struggling to maintain their honor. Because Americans felt so secure in their newfound inflation, they began using credit cards to purchase the products and services they needed. Willy Loman suffers from the effects of relying too much on credit, struggling to keep up his payments while trying to provide the necessities for his family.

Although the war had seemingly lead to an unusual sense of American confidence, success and security, the United States became involved in a tense cold war with the Soviet Union. Americans felt obligated to achieve financial success, both as a way of defeating the Soviets and as a way to show their thanks for the freedom they were honored to possess by faith of living in a democratic society. The propagation of myths of a peaceful and consistent American golden age was weakened by constant anxiety about communism, harsh national conflict, and largely ignored economic and social stratification. Many Americans could not sign up to the extent of social conformity and the subjective cultural belief that a rich, thriving, timid rural middle-class upholded. Willyr's preoccupation with his financial status and his position in society reflect this Cold War attitude.

The Great Depression and World War II led to major changes in the quality of the American government, beginning with President Franklin D. Rooseveltr's New Deal. The government became larger and more influential in the daily lives of American citizens. Instead of being a nation of rugged individuals, the United States became a nation of people who wished greatly for acceptance by their peers, which meant that they needed to appear successful in the eyes of society. Willy displays this wish for acceptance in his preoccupation with being well liked, which he views as the ultimate measure of success. Willy Loman, have no traditional sense of character because they look to other people to determine their self-image. This idea is reflected in Biffr's comment at the end of the play when he says that Willy didnt know who he really was.

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Mother Tongue Analysis

In her article Mother Tongue, Amy Tan explained how her family background, her mother broken structure of English has affected her life in overall which led her into struggling of finding her own identity. Although she had some concerns about her motherr's English and her life throughout the story, but in the end she realized that she should protect her motherr's language and started to love her background even more. Amy Tan effectively shows that English wasnt her strongest course at school and her motherr's difficulties of having able to let other people understand her just because of the way she speaks English. Amy Tanr's use of stylistic device in her first paragraph in which to describe herself as a person who always loved and fascinated by the power of language as she growing up the United States, but also admitted that it wasnt her strongest subject at school. I am not a scholar of English or literature I am someone who has always loved language(Tan 1). Basically, Amy Tan , however, while the one is important than the other one, with people didnt notice about but she does, loving some thing is taking time and having the brave courage of your mindset. Throughout the story, her tone was admiring and direct which makes her arguments more clearly and understood. She also states, In grade school I did moderately well, getting perhaps Br's, sometimes B-pluses in English and scoring perhaps in sixtieth or seventieth percentile on achievements tests (Tan 15). Every children has their own abilities to show of what is good with them as long as it has nothing to destroy their will. As many immigrant people think, children who were born and raised in the foreign country have higher chance of adapt to the environment and a better understanding in English than children who learn English as a second language. In overall, Amy Tan wants to show that she was just a normal, average student who work her best to have a good grades which would lead her into success in her future. In addition, Amy Tanr's also talk about her motherr's difficulties of having others to understand her more clearly because of the way she speaks English. In the middle of her story, Amy Tan shows how much other people react or understand her motherr's English while her opinion is completely different; she clearly states when she observes Some say they understand none of it, as if she were speaking pure Chinese. But to me, my motherr's English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural (Tan 7). Although, Tan is still confused about her motherr's kind of English and sometimes being ashamed of her way of speaking and be involved in her motherr's difficult situations, but she is still love her mother and stand up for her no matter what. As an immigrant, I clearly understand the situation that Tan went through. Both of my parent are from Vietnam and they did not know that much of English. Every calls from their phone, I answered. Everytime a foreigner approached them and asking questions, I answered on their behalf. I have alway been an interpreter for them, which sometimes I get tired of continue doing it. However, they are the people who had alway been in my life, helped me, and even sacrifice their dreams and wants for me and my brothers. Now, I want to help them back and pay my respect and give love to them by focus on my education goals and continue my responsibility as an daughter and a big sister. In spite of all, the truth of her mother holds better in English than her speaking ability and can easily reading in high-levels. The story of Mother Tongue is reflected on the deluding agreement of the language that can represent oner's education level. This story portrays very well aimed toward people who have to take care of their parents, as if they are exchanging roles with others. Language becomes an obstacle for Tan just because of her mother could only speaks limited English, Amy must be an interpreter for her mother in instances where her mother couldnt communicate off or sure enough. The main point of the story is to reveal an idea of language that mostly spoken in an immigrant families actually play a large and important role in which to form the language of the children, which made her acknowledge on perhaps her familyr's language had a slightly effect on her own opportunities. While it may be difficult for some people to understand it, and it doesnt reflect negatively on that person, despite what language uses or how it used.
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What does Mother Tongue Mean to Amy Tan?

Mother tongue commonly means the language first learned by a person, but for the author, Amy Tan, it has a special meaning. In Amy Tan's essay "Mother Tongue", Tan reveals how she was sculpted into the successful writer she is from the struggles of language speaking her mother had to face. By revisiting past occasions where her mother spoke in "broken English", Tan explains how people developed preconceived notions of her mother's intelligence based solely on how fluently she spoke. Through the use of casual analysis, repetition, and comparison, Tan suggests that the spoken word is meant to capture "her intent, her passion, her imagery, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts" (Tan 6). Tan expresses this when saying she wanted to capture what language ability tests cannot reveal about her mother.

By evaluating how the opinion of her mother was affected by her mother's English, Tan realizes that she, too, forgot the true objective of the English language - to reflect one's personality in its entirety. Tan confesses that "she was ashamed of her English" (Tan 4). Tan belittles her mother's thoughts simply because she could not express them perfectly. However, she comes to a revelation that quality of expression has no relation with quality of thought. Tan confirms this train of thought when she affirms her mother's tongue "was the language that helped shape the way she saw things, expressed things, made sense of the world" (Tan 4), which asserts the power of language. The language we are accustomed to hearing affects our thoughts and beliefs, which in turn influences the type of language that we use to express these ideas. That is why Mrs. Tan taught her daughter that spoken English is a reflection of one's truest self.

The use of repetition in this instance is to emphasize how, in her opinion, there is no right way or one way of speaking English. The English that Amy Tan speaks with her mother is very different from the English she speaks to her teachers or classmates. Mother's tongue is usually referred to as the first language a person is taught, however Tans use of the phrase is much more intimate in a sense that she feels that her English, or her mother tongue, is unique to her. Tan can obviously understand her mother's language because it is so deeply engrained in her life. Moreover, she uses the words "broken", "fractured", and "limited" numerous times, these words suggest what other people may view her mother's English. Although her mother's English may be "limited", in Tans opinion it is not strike her as being wrong as so many people would think. "Some say they understand none of it, as if she was speaking pure Chinese. But to me, my mother's English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural" (Tan 4).

By recalling some of her own academic statistics, Tan compares her results in the SATs in math and English. In mathematics, she "scored in the ninetieth percentile or higher" (Tan 5). Whereas in English, she only scored "in the sixtieth or seventieth percentile" (5). In some respect, math can be easier than English in that there is no subjectivity involved, if an answer is wrong, it's wrong. Personally, math is an easier subject for me because there is no room for debate when achieving an answer. In my opinion, for every student to succeed in English standardized testing they have to be trained to read and interpret each question in the identical manner. This can prove to be difficult since students come from a multitude of backgrounds and life experiences. Language ability tests may cause the misconception that English is a right-or-wrong subject, whereas in reality, it's a shockingly unsolidified field of study meant to reflect the flexibility that is an individual's mentality.

Ultimately, Tan makes use of casual analysis, repetition, and comparison to send her message and make it loud and clear. English is the window to the soul, so there is more than one type of English as long as you keep an open mind. Throughout the essay, Tan uses simple and easy to read English, however at the same time we are able to understand the complexity of her argument. The method Tan uses to tell her story was an insightful approach because it allows everyone to relate to what she was talking about. Communication problems effect people's day to day lives as it subjects some to low self-esteem and being taken advantage of. Amy Tan suggests a shift in the approach English writing be taught and made to aid in avoiding language speaking barriers.

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