Month: March 2019
A Legendary Woman Rosa Parks
The early 1900's were a rough time for blacks in Montgomery, Alabama, and all over the world for that matter. Segregation had become a natural way of life in many states, but especially Alabama. Blacks were tormented, seperated, and always second best. Until one woman's innocent soul, had finally had it. The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement was that one innocent soul. Rosa refused to give up her rightfully earned seat on the bus, because she decided she would not be pushed around and discriminated against any longer.
Being a black in Montgomery, Alabama was how most experienced being mistreated on a daily basis. It was just a matter of survival...of existing from one day to the next(Abbey,2006). Yes, black and whites were segregated and they received completely different treatment compared to each other. They very rarely received any type of attention compared to white people, and they were always second best. Second to receive, second to know, and second to earn, no matter what the situation was. Even the good things in life came with a catch. They gave more than they got in return and it all went to the whites. Blacks in Rosas life time did not live a life, they survived. They earned just enough to keep from starvation, to put clothes on their backs, and to put roofs over their heads. They were trashed and shamed just because of the color of their skin. Their lives were no lives at all, they were just dead weights, that became heavier as time passed by. Yet Rosa survived, she kept up and remembered she would one day be treated equally.
Rosa's fire to be treated equally was sparked at a very young age. Growing up, blacks worked in fields for small amounts of pay, basically lived in shacks, ate in seperate restraunts than whites, and could never drink for the whites water fountain. She witnessed beatings of black men by the Ku Klux Klan. She witnessed buildings being set a flame, and would watch as they burned and fell to ashes. She never could sleep at night due to the fear of her own home being burnt while she was asleep. Rosa, had had enough even as a child, and she knew the difference between what she was getting and what she deserved.
Rosa lived with her maternal grandparents for the majority of her life. She had a very close relationship with her grandfather, and followed in his foot steps. He encouraged her rebellion towards being treated unfairly. He taught her to stand up for herself and never let someone treat you a certain way that you know you do not deserve. He is the reason she stood up for herself that day on the bus. Rosa's grandfather planted the small seed of fire in Rosa's heart, which evolved into an unextinguishable flame. He was truly the rock solid foundation on which she would forever stand. As anyone could imagine one would definitely have to learn how to stand up for ones self and provide for their family if they wanted to survive.
Usually if a person is very well respected by others no person would mess with the, especially when you have never caused any problems.She was probably the only person in Montgomery, Alabama that had no enemies, and that everybody respected,former U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young recalled. There had been others who had been humiliated on the buses before. She was not the first, but when she was thrown in jail it said to all of Montgomery that none of us is safe. It was the purity of her character that galvanized the movement(West,2006). Rosa was one who kept to herself most of the time so nobody really disliked her, nor did she hate anyone. She was respectful and respected, so there was really never anyone who wanted to pick fights with her.
With all of this being said, when Rosa was put into jail for violating segregation rights others were very alarmed. Because if Rosa being a well respected person was so easily thrown in jail then what were the whites of Montgomery, Alabama really capable of. Rosa was a seamstress and had just finished a long day of work and was taking the bus home, which was her usual routine. As you would figure whites get the good seats at the front of the bus , while blacks had to sit in the back and sometimes stand. Well when the bus becomes full is when blacks have to stand because they are forced by the segregation laws to give their seats to the whites. Rosa had gotten the last open seat on the bus, that was until a white man loaded it. Rosa was asked by the bus driver to move, but she politefully told them that was not going to happen. She was arrested and thrown in jail, but that sparked a boycott.
All throughout her lifetime Rosa was mistreated. Whether it was getting made fun of, spoken to rudely, or frowned upon it never failed. Rosa's reason for not giving up her seat was not because she was worn out from work, it was because she was done being treated like she was nothing. She was done being treated like a dog, done being pushed around, done being humiliated by others, but most importantly she was done being punished for a crime of which she never committed. And what seemed to be one of the worst days of Rosa Parks life, paved the way to one of the best things that would ever happen to her. The moment in her life that Rosa worked and built up too had finally come. the Supreme Court has finally declared the segregated seating on the bus unconstitutional. By December 20th Rosa would no longer have to fight for her seat on the bus. All of her hard work and determination had finally payed off. Rosa Parks was the woman who bore the Civil Rights Movement. She pushed for her rightful place in the work everyday. She brought peaceful means between all people, and would forever be honored for her bravery. That small step she took towards equality, would lead to an eternity of freedom.
When one thinks of fighting, they usually think of something violent. Throughout her life , she fought through peaceful means for the rights of all people(Abbey, 2016). Rosa Parks was a very strong and peaceful woman. All that she wanted was to be treated equally. Her entire life long and generations before her lived in a world of horror. Rosa believed everyone was good and deserved to be treated just the same, and she never resolved to violence. Rosa always wanted peace with everyone, even those who mistreated her. So she would fight but not violently, even if it meant all she could do was protest until her very last breath. Rosa not only helped others but she encouraged them. She took on being humiliated time after time during her fights to be equal, but that never stopped her. She continued on and made a good life for herself and others. Her small fragile body had become a symbol of strength, bravery, and courage. She spread her word throughout Alabama and trekked on for Civil Rights, and Civil Rights she got. She also encouraged others to fight for themselves and what they deserve. Because if she could make a difference then so can anyone else!
The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement made a large impact on the U.S. , and is a large reason for why we are the country we are today. I mean she even inspired our former president Bill Clinton, and that's a HUGE deal. Everyday men and women work to make America a free and welcoming place. Rosa was one of those people. America is still growing and progressing today, with new people and new ideas. Rosa's act of bravery on the bus that day is the reason we all are where we are in society today. Whenever someone is fighting for Rights, they either choose to fight violently or peacefully and Rosa chose peacefully so that she never put anyone in pain, even those who put her in pain.
Most of the time when someone gets what they want they stop working for it. She remained active in the NAACP, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference established the annual Rosa Parks Freedom Award in her honour. In 1987 she cofounder the Rosa and Raymond Parks institute for Self Development to provide career training for young people. She was the recipient of numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom(1996) and the Congressional Gold Medal(1999)(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2018). Rosa was a member of NAACP or the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, which she remained in for a very long time. Rosa Parks had become so well known for her courage and bravery that others honored her and wanted to thank her for ending bus segregation.
Therefore many rewards were made in Rosas name. She was founder of the Rosa and Raymond Parks institute, its in the name of her and her late husband Raymond Parks. The institution takes different children from around the work, traveling on bus , learning about the Civil Rights Movement, and trained them for future jobs. You could say she was a very influential women who made an amazing impact on others. And when Rosa won what she was fighting for she never stopped spreading her word. Which is what most admire about her.
Rosa is a legendary woman who helped shape the U.S into the nation it is today. She survived as a black child in Alabama, managed to become respected, fought peacefully; although she wasn't treated peacefully, and still stayed active as a civil rights activist until her death. She made sure that no one mocked her to her grave. Rosa definitely was a strong, independent woman, that never let the color of her skins define who she was and who she was gonna be. And for that African Americans all around the world will forever thank her.
References
- Abbey, C. D. (2006). Biography today. profiles of people of interest to young readers. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics.
- Rosa Parks. (2018). In Encyclopidia Britannica. Retrieved from https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Rosa-Parks/1689
- West, M. R. (2005, November 14). Rosa Parks: mother of the Civil Rights Movement 1913-2005. Jet, 108(20), 4+. Retrieved from https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A138860999/GPS?u=j081904&sid=GPS&xid=c1f7c216
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A Legendary Woman Rosa Parks. (2019, Mar 27).
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An Irresistibly Powerful Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley was born in Tuskegee, Alabama, on February 4, 1913, to Leona , an instructor, and James McCauley, a woodworker. Notwithstanding African lineage, one of her extraordinary granddads was Scots-Irish and one of her incredible grandmas was a Native American slave. She was little as a youngster and endured weakness with incessant tonsillitis. At the point when her folks isolated, she moved with her mom to Pine Level, simply outside the state capital, Montgomery.
She experienced childhood with a homestead with her maternal grandparents, mother, and more youthful sibling Sylvester. They all were individuals from the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), exceptionally old autonomous dark division established by free blacks in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the mid nineteenth century. McCauley went to rustic schools until the age of eleven. As an understudy at the Industrial School for Girls in Montgomery, she took scholarly and professional courses. Parks went ahead to a lab school set up by the Alabama State Teachers College for Negroes for optional instruction, yet dropped out with the end goal to think about her grandma and later her mom, after they moved toward becoming ill.
Around the turn of the twentieth century, the previous Confederate states had embraced new constitutions and discretionary laws that successfully disappointed dark voters and, in Alabama, numerous poor white voters also. Under the white-set up Jim Crow laws, go after Democrats recovered control of southern lawmaking bodies, racial isolation was forced in broad daylight offices and retail locations in the South, including open transportation. Transport and prepare organizations authorized seating approaches with isolated areas for blacks and whites. School transport transportation was inaccessible in any shape for dark schoolchildren in the South, and dark instruction was constantly underfunded.
Parks went to grade school in Pine Level, where school transports took white understudies to their new school and dark understudies needed to stroll to theirs: I'd see the transport pass each day be that as it may, to me, that was a lifestyle; we had no real option except to acknowledge what was the custom. The transport was among the primary ways I understood there was a dark world and a white world. In spite of the fact that Parks' collection of memoirs describes early recollections of the thoughtfulness of white outsiders, she couldn't overlook the prejudice of her general public. At the point when the Ku Klux Klan walked down the road before their home, Parks reviews her granddad guarding the front entryway with a shotgun. The Montgomery Industrial School, established and staffed by white northerners for dark kids, was singed twice by fire playing criminals. Its staff was excluded by the white network. Over and again tormented by white youngsters in her neighborhood, Parks frequently battled back physically. She later stated: "As far back as I recall that, I would never think as far as tolerating physical maltreatment without some type of countering if conceivable.
Rosa Parks was also an activist in the common right obvious best known for her significant job in the Sir Bernard Law Montgomery Bus Boycott. The United States Congress has called her "the main woman of social liberties" and "the mother of the exception development. On December 1st,1955, in Montgomery, AL, Parks rejected transport driver James F. Blake's structure to give up her seat in the "hued segment" to a white traveler, after the white-just segment was filled. Parks was not the main soul to oppose transport nonconformity, but rather the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) trusted that she was the best possibility for seeing through a court test after her capture for common noncompliance in disregarding Alabama isolation laws. Parks' conspicuousness in the network and her ability to wind up a disputable casing enlivened the dark network to blacklist the Montgomery transports for over a year, the primary Major direct activity crusade of the social equality move Her case progressed toward becoming stalled in the country courts, yet the Federal Montgomery transport claim Browder v. Gayle prevailing in November 1956."
Parks' demonstration of disobedience and the Montgomery transport blacklist ended up vital images of the development. She turned into a universal symbol of protection from racial isolation. She sorted out and worked together with social equality pioneers, including Edgar Nixon, leader of the nearby part of the NAACP; and Martin Luther King, Jr., another priest in Montgomery who increased national conspicuousness in the social equality development and proceeded to win a Nobel Peace Prize.
At the time, Parks was secretary of the Montgomery part of the NAACP. She had as of late gone to the Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee community for preparing activists for laborers' rights and racial fairness. She went about as a private native "tired of giving in". Albeit generally respected in later years, she additionally languished over her demonstration; she was terminated from her activity as a needle worker in a nearby retail chain, and got passing dangers for quite a long time subsequently. Not long after the blacklist, she moved to Detroit, where she quickly found comparative work. From 1965 to 1988 she filled in as secretary and assistant to John Conyers, an African-American US Representative. She was likewise dynamic operating at a profit Power development and the help of political detainees in the US.
After retirement, Parks kept in touch with her collection of memoirs and kept on demanding that the battle for equity was not finished and there was more work to be done.In her last years, she experienced dementia. Parks got national acknowledgment, including the NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and an after death statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Upon her demise in 2005, she was the primary lady and third non-US government authority to lie in respect in the Capitol Rotunda. California and Missouri remember Rosa Parks Day on her birthday February 4, while Ohio and Oregon celebrate the event on the commemoration of the day she was captured, December 1.
My favorite person to learn about in history class when I was the 5th grade was this amazing woman and what has done not only for the south and her kind but what she has done for the United States.
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An Irresistibly Powerful Rosa Parks. (2019, Mar 27).
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Bus Boycott by Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks died at the age of 92 of natural causes on October 24th 2005. In her adult years, Rosa Parks was not sitting in the white section only of the bus, she was in the seat where African Americans could sit. A white man was left standing in the bus, so the driver demanded her to get up and she refused. Just weeks after Rosa Parks’ arrest, she got arrested a second time for her role in the boycott. Rosa Parks was forced to move out of her home to Montgomery not to long after the boycott. Bus seats were left empty on Rosa Parks’ 50th anniversary of her arrest to honor her. Now that I told you some facts about Rosa Parks, lets learn more about her life.
Rosa Parks was born on February 4th, 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. As a child, Rosa Parks went to Miss White’s school for girls and the Montgomery Industrial school for girls. At the age of two, Rosa Parks and her family to Pine Level, Alabama. Rosa Parks’ parents separated a little before her brother, Sylvester was born. Rosa Parks’ father was a carpenter and her mother was a teacher. After her parents separated, her and her brother lived on her grandparents farm. She was homeschooled until she was eleven years old. Now that I told you about Rosa Parks’ childhood, let's talk about her adult years.
When Rosa Parks was 19, she got married to Raymond Parks on December 18th, 1932. When Rosa Parks was 42, she got arrested for not giving up her seat to a white man. In 1956, when Rosa Parks was 42 it became legal for black people to sit anywhere on the bus. In 1979, Rosa Parks received the Spingarn medal by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). In 1992, Rosa Parks published her first autobiography. On October 24th, 2005, Rosa Parks died in her Detroit home. Rosa Parks went to the Alabama State Teachers College for a little bit but then left to take care of her sick grandmother. Now that i told you some of the most important pieces of her adult life, let's move on to what she was most known for.
Rosa Parks was known for the Montgomery bus boycott. When the bus driver told Rosa Parks to get up so a white man could sit, she refused. She influenced other black people to stand up for themselves, it became a big part of history. Now that you have heard some of the most important pieces of Rosa Parks’ life let’s wrap all of this up.
In conclusion, Rosa Parks was a very important woman in history. She stood up for black people so they could be equal to white people. Rosa Parks’ parents separated a little before her little brother Sylvester was born. In 1956 when Rosa Parks was 43, it became legal for black people to sit anywhere on the bus. Rosa Parks was known for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. When the bus driver told her to get up so a white man could sit, she refused. Now that you know some of Rosa Parks’ life, you have probably figured out that she was an important woman in history. She is such an incredible woman and she did amazing things and more.
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Trump Versus Hawaii
It was a situation when the US supreme court including presentational decree that was marked by President Donald Trump. He confined the movements in the United States by the general population from a few countries and asylums without legitimate travel reports. Hawaii and alternate expresses that had a similar test of the Proclamation. On the statutory and sacred grounds referred to the assortment of articulations by Trumps organization authorities. As should be obvious I picked the Trump Vs. Hawaii which occurred in April 25,2018. Chosen in June 26,2018.
In September 2017, the President issued Proclamation No. 9645, trying to enhance screening methods for outside nationals going to the United States by distinguishing progressing lacks in the data expected to survey whether nationals of specific nations present a security risk. The Proclamation put section limitations on the nationals of eight remote expresses whose frameworks for overseeing and sharing data about their nationals the President esteemed insufficient. Outside states were chosen for consideration dependent on a survey attempted compliant with one of the President's prior Executive Orders. As a component of that survey, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), in discussion with the State Department and knowledge offices, built up a data and hazard appraisal "baseline."
With the 50 day time span the State Department tried strategic endeavors to urge outside governments to enhance their practices, the Acting Secretary of Homeland Security inferred that eight nations; Chad, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Syria, Venezuela, and Yemen stayed lacking. She suggested passage limitations for specific nationals from those nations however Iraq, which had a nearby agreeable association with the U. S. She likewise suggested including Somalia, which met the data sharing part of the pattern norms yet had other extraordinary hazard factors, for example, a noteworthy psychological militant nearness. In the wake of counseling with various Cabinet individuals, the President received the proposals and issued the Proclamation. From these countries we will not have travel with either countries.
March six executive over six Muslim majority and five are still on nations are constricted travel. This falls under the immigration laws and because the president is supposed to act quickly through national security. President also made this right after when he had the terries incident that had a constant threat, He confirmed that specific limitations were important to "keep the section of those outside nationals about whom the United States Government needs adequate data" and "evoke enhanced character administration and data sharing conventions and practices from remote governments." The Proclamation forces a scope of passage confinements that fluctuate dependent on the "particular conditions" in every one of the eight nations.
It exempts legitimate perpetual inhabitants and gives case-by-case waivers in specific situations. It likewise coordinates DHS to evaluate on a proceeding with premise whether the limitations ought to be adjusted or proceeded, and to answer to the President each 180 days. The court assumes the deciding between the plaintiffs statutory that the claims are reviewable and the statutory nonreliability. Secondly the president has lawfully exercised the broad discretion that grants him with the entry under the United States. Thirdly the plaintiffs did not demonstrate the lawlike of success on the merits of their own complaints. Hawaii best argument was basically saying it's an old matter in a newer scenario trump was targeting the Muslim countries was intended through it. The outcome of the case wants to look at the constitution through the particular order.
The arguments based upon the dissent is the people who disagree, who doesn't believe in the decisions Trump makes. They don't agree with the court orders with the immigration and nationality act. The people who would disagree with this law is the immigrants and the people who don't agree with the way he is doing it. The law breaks down to make the order. The main arguments upon this would have to be the people who travel maybe the process of what everyone has to go through is the challenging part of the whole law passed. Why take more time out of the day to this when everyone should be equal and set according to the point Trump is trying to make. I disagree completely because what if someone from a different area wanted to travel somewhere else? They can't because they don't have a travel document. Its not technically fare because not everyone can afford a passport, an id etc. Not everyone can afford paying for a travel document.
To close today I went over the foundation of Trump versus Hawaii and how others cooperate framing the contentions by the dispute and how the historical backdrop of people in general has moved through every single case. This case was upset that I didn't concur with. I figure things ought to be contrastingly and that the constitution should re look this since migration is a tremendous issue in the US as per Trump. Race shouldn't have anything to do with what we recognize we have to figure out how to think of a superior method for how the constitution handles it.
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President Donald Trump
He went from businessman to modern-day Hitler. Trump has many corruptions, fraud, obstruction of justice, and broken campaign promises. Trump, for example, has a conflict of interest in his business models and institutions are facing scrutiny from members of Congress because of his Pro Russian and Ties to countries with authoritarian policies. He doesn't have a traditional presidency cause of his failure to follow protocol, and his handling of administrative power. He doesn't want to release his tax return history. Trump abuses his power of the executive branch. Trump has always been the leader of something in the public eye before becoming President. He was the leader of his family's real estate company in 1971. He co-authored several books, including The Art of the Deal.
He owned the Miss Universe and Miss USA beauty pageants from 1996 to 2015, and he produced and hosted the reality television show, The Apprentice, from 2003 to 2015. Forbes estimates his net worth to be $3.1 billion. Trump has always been a rich man working his way up in the world. He won the election because many people didn't vote and the few that did were males who believed that men should rule and racist believing he would make America great again. The false rumors on social media helped out with the election because ;instead, of doing research people based their opinions off things they read on Facebook. Trump has made many broken promises, to create an affordable healthcare, and he claimed to make America better. Trump has caused nothing but trouble since winning the election. He should not be in office again; otherwise, America will have a lot to fear. Trump came into office and took over and made republicans who were in office leave.
Candidate Trump had two strategies to reduce the debt. He promised to grow the economy 6 percent annually to increase tax revenues. Once in office, he lowered his growth estimate to 3.5 percent to 4 percent. If you look at Trump's history, you learn many things about him. He seems to have always been good with words and convicting people to do things. Trump is not a perfect man no one is but, he is a great liar. CNN says You could write an encyclopedia about the ways in which Barack Obama is different from his successor, Donald Trump. On Saturday, Michelle Obama provided a more concise explanation for what distinguishes the two presidents from one another: Obama put country first; Trump puts himself first. Telling us how wrong Trump is for us.
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Critical Analysis of Hamlet: Character Analysis and the Themes of Revenge
Throughout the play of hamlet we see the theme of revenge in use, Revenge which is one of the biggest themes in hamlet as it is the biggest revenge play ever. It shows us Hamlet, a young man whose apart of the royal family of denmark whose father had wrongfully been killed by his uncle, King claudius. Hamlet fatefully finds this out one night when he is with Horatio, Bernardo, and Marcellus and they reveal to him that his father lives in the castle that they Guard. Hamlet gets a chance to interact with his father's ghost, he gets the truth about what had happen within the maze with Claudius. Young hamlet swears that he will avenge his father's death in someway and even has to act crazily in love or act like he has feelings towards ophelia.
We see Hamlet's first plot of revenge against Claudius in the second act when we see Hamlet, who is sent off to college and is followed by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He thinks that this in many ways is odd that they have been sent after, he is puzzled and wonders why they had been sent after him. Why, anything, but to the' purpose. You were sent for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks which your modesities have not craft enough to color. I know the good king and queen have sent for you He tells the men that he knows the king had sent him to spy on mostly due to how Hamlet had been acting around the king after his father's death, he mostly thought maybe the young man was in love with Ophelia but that's wrong. Hamlet then has the men organize a play to see if Claudius is the true killer of his father, this is a form of revenge in Hamlets eyes as he wants to see if King Claudius had truly done it. He organizes the players to perform a play that he had slightly modified, the play which is the Murder of Gonzago involves Gonzago getting murdered by his son by getting poisoned pour in his ear, he tells Horatio to watch to see if Claudius stands, The reason the play is chosen by Hamlet is mostly because it mirrors what had happened to his father, near the last glimpse of the play we see The queen and wife of Gonzago who promises not to remarry and never to find anyone else but the King while he is dying calls this bluff.
King Claudius while this is all happening stands up in a fit of anger and says give me some light, away! (172) Hamlet and Horatio don't exit from the scene as everyone else does because they were scared by the king. Hamlet finally gets the answers he's wanted the whole time which fuels the young man to get more revenge. Young hamlet plans to kill Claudius after the scene but doesn't due to the fact that he was praying. We don't just see Hamlet take revenge with actions, He also takes revenge with his words throughout the book mostly with his mother, Gertrude who is queen of Denmark and Hamlets mother who is also concerned with him and how he's been acting, he mostly uses his words of revenge against his mother due to the fact that his father had only been dead for 2 months when she married king Claudius. He takes a different approach with his mother mostly because she didn't actually kill his father much more just moving on too soon from his father and marrying his uncle and despite the physical revenge that he lacks towards his mother doesn't mean the verbal abuse his mother receives from him is just as worse as Physical abuse with the words young Hamlet relays to her. A bloody deed - Almost as bad, good mother, As kill a king and marry his brother (171) Gertrude questions when Hamlet says this to her due to the fact she doesn't know the truth yet and what has all conquered. Hamlet truly doesn't mean to spark any revenge move or anything to his mother, he just wants her to understand that King Claudius had killed the man she loved and it conflicts hamlet, we see a more rather sympathetic form of revenge towards his mother than physical as he doesn't want to fully commit revenge on her because she didn't kill his father. Hamlet mistakenly kills polonius as he was hiding behind the Curtain while Hamlet was talking to his mother, it shocks Hamlet and causes more rather a delay in his plans of revenge against Claudius.
Hamlet is a young man stuck with a lot of problems which is why we don't see him kill the king that early on in the book, he feels that he doesn't mean anything anymore and has nothing to lose at all, in the sense of power Laertes and Claudius are the same in the fact of wanting power and feeling bigger than others. This makes Claudius try to manipulate and play Laertes as by now, Hamlet has killed Ophelia and Polonius have been killed by young Hamlet, Claudius uses this to his advantage to try to get Hamlet killed once and for all as his plot of revenge, we see Hamlet find the skull of yorick while they're burying the graves of both royals, the theme of death and revenge also link heavily together as we see about 5 deaths transpire from young hamlet just trying to get revenge; the act of final revenge doesn't fully happen until act 5 scene 2, when we finally see the theme come full circle and we see the plot of revenge take dark a turn no, no, the drink! O my dear Hamlet! The drink.. I'm poisoned (279), this is a form of the devil advocate being played with revenge much rather than the antagonists revenge, give me the cup, lets go!
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Revenge Theme in Frankenstein
In the Novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley discusses several important themes. These themes represent her thoughts and occurrence from her real life. She presents the action and decision of some of the characters to introduce these themes. Among them, revenge is a key theme throughout the novel Frankenstein. Thus, the continuous cycle of revenge due to the excited state of strong emotions- love, anger, hatred, loneliness, and rejection drive the plot of the novel.
Revenge is shown as the important aspects of Victor and Monster's life. From the time of creation of Monster, he was rejected by his creator Victor because of his physical appearance. He has a desire to be accepted by society. So, he tries to fit into the society but receives nothing except fear, ignorance, and hatred from the people. So, he explains his pain of rejection and isolation to Victor saying, Unfeeling, heartless creator! You had endowed me with perceptions and passions and then cast me abroad an object for the scorn and horror of mankind (Shelley).
He desires to have a female monster for his company, but Victor denies for making another monster. Consequently, he becomes more aggressive and wanted to take the revenge against the human and his creator. In the process of taking revenge, he killed the young boy as he seems from Frankenstein family (Shelley 171). He says to Victor, You can blast my other passions, but revenge remains??”revenge, henceforth dearer than light of food! I may die, but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery, (Shelley 206). He killed Victor's friend Henry as revenge to Victor for denying a companion for him. Later, he killed Elizabeth in her wedding night. Hence, he takes the revenge with Frankenstein by killing his loved ones. As a result of losing the loved ones, Victor becomes aggressive with the monster. When monster killed Elizabeth, Victor wants to destroy the monster.
The loves of Victor to his family lead him to think about the destruction of his own creature. When I thought of him, I gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I had so thoughtlessly bestowed (Shelley). Hence, revenge forms a common link between the monster and Victor. This distort bond between them has nothing except destruction. Revenge becomes the reason for them to be alive. Thus, revenge makes the Victor devil, and leave no probability for the monster to be accepted by the humankind and the society. The theme of revenge is still relevant. People are eager to take the revenge.
Series of revenge can be seen in the life of people. People are becoming devil taking the revenge even for the small reason. The system of taking revenge should be stopped as revenge leads to the dissatisfaction and loneliness only. People should realize that revenge does not provide any happiness or satisfaction. That is the reason monster felt guilt at the end. He asks Victor for forgiveness, What does it avail that I now ask thee to pardon me? I, who irretrievably destroyed thee by destroying all thou lovedst, (Shelley 271).
Discussing the story in the group is much more effective than reading the story on our own. To be honest, in my first attempt of reading the Frankenstein, I did not understand it at all. But on my second reading, I was able to guess the overall events and happening of the novel. But after discussing the story in the small group and then summing up the findings of all the groups gives clear picture of the novel. I realize that I had interpreted some paragraphs in a completely wrong way while reading on my own. Also, discussing in the group introduce several new things which we generally ignore while reading on our own but have major roles in the story. Discussing in a small group gives the opportunity to every student to have their point to be listened by everyone. It also encourages the students to re-read the story in order to have their active participation. After discussing in a small group, analyzing and noting the findings of each group in white board gives the clear-cut explanation of the whole story. Thus, discussing in a group is better than self-reading.
A good novel focus on the elements like theme, message, plot, characters, setting, style, tone, and so on. Among these, theme is the most important element of the novel. It connects all the elements of the novel like plot, conflict, characters etc. It is the thought of an author. It is the main issue that is repeated throughout the story. It is that important one sentence conclusion for which the entire story is developed. The theme of the novel should be relevant to the time. It should raise the current issues of society. It should possess the power to change the thinking of the people and hence the society. Hence, people should consider reading the novel by considering its main theme.
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Revenge Theme in Frankenstein. (2019, Mar 27).
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Trump Administration
On January 20, 2017, president-elect Donald Trump will be sworn into the highest office in the land regardless of the amount of preparation the country or even he himself has. There has been a variety of feelings Republicans have felt towards the president elect, but for Democrats, they are disappointed and angry. One of the things that both sides have in common, is they fear Trump is not adequate or mentally stable to be President of the United States. His behavior is erratic and unpredictable compared to any other Republican candidate that might have been elected president. His inconsistencies of his statements lead to confusion and even more confusion when they are confirmed by his staff. His statements about illegal immigration and Obamacare leaves many wondering what his stance on these issues really are. This only shows how his attitude and mannerisms can lead to destruction and chaos.
The uncertainties and not knowing can cause fear of established treaties being done away with, in turn, leading to stagnation of investments in the private sector. Threats of a trade war are scaring American exporters. (Reese 2). One example of the effect a trade war can have on American exporters, is the tariffs that can be imposed on Chinese exports. China could retaliate with their own tariffs, and thus affect Iowa and Ohio imports into their own country. These are agricultural states that are highly dependent on development in other countries. Since this is an economic issue, it will certainly get the attention of the Republican establishment. (Reese 2). Another thing is, our allies in Europe will be uncertain on how to proceed and may misunderstand Trump's stances through his statements or tweets. His behavior could cause discrepancies and communication gaps in how he leads and what his goals are. Our allies would most likely leave us alone and America would become isolated and garner no support for a military endeavor. This is a prediction of what can happen with a Trump White House, while the Democrats just watch it come apart and be doomed. However, Donald Trump still has rules and responsibilities to follow. There are still powers to be submitted to and a government to run. His rhetoric can be one thing, but he would need to translate that into legislation. Then time will tell how the Trump administration will deliver. Republicans on one side are putting their faith in some establishment White House officials to bring order to the chaos, even though there are varying in the mix from Trump's family to establishment Republicans. So, it will be difficult to tell who Trump will give an ear to, who will bring order to his chaos, and who he'll ultimately get his advice from?
Now if Trump is incompetent in the role of President of the United States, his chosen White House Officials will have to step in and be the ones who bring the change and work with Congress. If the Trump Administration cannot get things done, the next hope for the Republican establishment is the Republican Congress. Congress would need to be the ones to create and establish new policies. While Trump is doing all the media coverage for the policies that are passed, the White House officials or Congress are the ones who will be doing the real work behind the scenes. This probability is based on the presumption that Trump would be willing to be monitored while the establishment does its own thing. This is highly unlikely due to terrible record of Republicans trying to reign Trump in. So, disorder and chaos is to be expected. Especially because it is a norm in a Republican administration, since they are against government interference, deregulation, instead of working on applicable government programs like a Democrat administration would do. But Trump could be underestimated and bring surprise, just like Reagan and Nixon did. If Trump comes through by draining the establishment in Washington and big banks, that would be shocking. Critics and experts may be in for another surprise, as they have been mistaken in other areas regarding Trump and his administration. Will he complete his promises, or will he ultimately fail? Will there be chaos or success? That all remains to be seen. But whatever happens, he's coming whether we're ready or not.
The article, Trump: Here He Comes, Ready or Not, is more of an editorial piece to me. This opinion piece seems to be to be biased on a democrat's point of view and what someone assumes can happen in the Trump Presidency. The theme of the article is how chaotic and unorderly the Trump administration will be. Even though his outbursts, occasional vulgarity, and not always saying the right thing is an issue, it does not disqualify his potential of being a good president. I believe the American people, those on the Republican side wanted someone who wasn't part of the establishment, wasn't a smooth talker, but a fighter, someone who made them hope again. The argument or prediction that moved me the most was regarding the trade war with China. Trump has kept his promise and is imposing tariffs on China, while they are reacting with tariffs on us as well. These are causing problems for Iowa and Ohio now, and even though it is hurting them now, it can either have the possibility of being short term or long term for them while Trump is trying to resolve fair trade deals with China. So, this article has given me something to think about and research how this trade war is affecting these agricultural states. An alternative to this issue is somehow, numbers and stats would need to be shown to see if this trade war would actually benefit in the long run. Would the future net income make up for the net loss? I would have liked to have read specifically how this would have affected them. Since I do not know much about this issue, I like to see both sides before I can make a conclusion. Since this article has been written, many people can say that not much has been done by this administration. With illegal immigration, there has been uproars to his enforcement of the law, and regard to our European allies, they know we are not to be pushed or underhanded in trade. His trade wars that are going on, many people disagree with, but he just formed a new treaty to rid of NAFTA and instead going with USMCA. So far, what I have seen is his success and not chaos. I believe he is getting things done.
Political power- the ability to get things done by controlling or influencing the institutions of government, (Losco 5). Political power comes into play when the influential and powerful leaders in America have the ability to get things done. In the article, it was expressed Trump was going to have the position to implement his policies, but not be the driving force of it. His administration was to be chaotic and messy. Yes, he was getting the political power, but that was not exactly the question this article posed but what will be done with that influence? Political culture- the dominant values and beliefs of a political community, (Losco 138). The political culture of viewing a Republican administration to be chaotic varies from person to person. Just how viewing a Democratic administration is productive. These political cultures seep into our lives and guide us to viewpoints that can dominate our speech and even writing, as I have an the writer of the article. Political information- a measure of the amount of political knowledge an individual possesses concerning political issues, political figures, and the workings of the political system, (Losco 169). Political information is very important and is helpful to others making decisions and leaning towards a certain political issue. This can apply in section 2, where I felt there was not enough political information to make a solid decision on trade. I could feel intimidated and forget about participating in politics, but as a American citizen, I am now seeking to do my civic duty and be informed.
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Revenge in “Hamlet”
"Hamlet," is a tale of a Danish prince bestowed with the burden of hashing a plan to punish his father's murderer once his ghost appears before him, he and the public unaware of his true cause of death that he was slain by his very own blood. To Hamlet's surprise his uncle, Claudius has killed his brother and proclaimed his thrown by marrying the prince's mother, Gertrude. In Hamlet's search for answers along with his sanity, he makes the fatal error of stabbing Polonius, the King's right-hand servant. Polonius' death causes his beautiful Daughter along with Hamlet's former lover, to be driven to a mental snap. Polonius' son, Laertes, decides to avenge his father's death, and the Roman Emperor sees a chance to urge eliminate his kinsman. He sets up a fencing match between Hamlet and mythical being, then poisons Hamlet's drink and Laertes' brand. Through the twist and turns of the tragic tale Shakespeare uncovers a reoccurring idea of revenge and while also displaying the emotional toll it can have during the duration of the act.
Hamlet wants verification of his uncle's betrayal of the previous king before he will take revenge upon him, he is also worrying of the moral consequences he will inherit when he commits the sin of murder. He is stresses himself because as an Christian man he is completely aware of what happens when a since is committed, the question of will God ever forgive him comes to play in his mind heavily It's Satan's delight to tell me that once he's got me, he will keep me. But at that moment I can go back to God. And I know that if I confess my sins, God is faithful and just to forgive me. (Redpath) He looks to be cautious of his father's ghost and therefore the allegations it makes regarding Claudius' die down. The ghost 1st sighting within the play came before Horatio Hamlet's friend, and 2 guards of the castle. Hamlet is then told by his father's ghost to penalize his death once he follows the spirit into the forest. In Elizabethan times, once Hamlet was written and performed, folks were terribly irrational. associate Elizabethan audience would have mechanically accepted the existence of the ghost, however Hamlet is skeptical of his mission he not sure if it was created to steal his soul, or the important ghost of his father. Hamlet chooses to see regardless of his thoughts of Claudius, by having an array of players investigate the presumed homicide. This makes the prince attitude change along with his actions the toll of his revenge plot is starting to weight on him.
The possibility of Hamlet's vengeance is communicated through some of his monologues, strikingly in his second speech once he's rebuking his very own inaction. Hamlet is hesitant to execute his uncle while still having no actual proof of the allegations of his uncle he is still fearful of the moral consequences. As the prince might be a Christian, he lives by the possibility that on the off chance that he slaughters an innocent man, he is sent directly to the underworld. It requires him an extended investment to ask his inner self if this is truly what he wants to do. as the second speech is activated by the enthusiastic discourse of the essential character, who plays the character upheld the integrity of "The Mousetrap." The prince feels that he's a disappointment to his father since he cannot find the will within himself will or true purpose to commit the murder of Claudius.
Twenty thousand men unavoidable passing without any protestations or fears of what happens after they kill another soul, while Hamlet cannot force himself to slaughter his dad's killer because of a paranoid fear of the otherworldly results. It is not the situation which makes the man, but the man who makes the situation (Robertson) he is flabbergasted that such a large number of individuals are set up to pass the unforgivable line of sin that is not even sufficiently made to hold all of them because god expects individuals to follow his commandments This occasion puts Claudius' fratricidal demonstration into point of view for Hamlet, and he chooses all that he does starting now and into the foreseeable future will be centered around avenging his dad's demise.
Shakespeare expanded the valuation for the content as Hamlet's goals to slaughter Claudius persuaded that he is at last going to get even and does not experience the eternal repercussions that goes along with the sin of murder. Shakespeare investigates the idea of the accomplishment of Hamlet in the last scene of the play, when the prince at last slaughters Claudius. This happens when Laertes opens Claudius's weak spot to the poisonous sword, which both the kings and Laertes have been injured by, along with the wine. Hamlet grabs his chance and cuts his uncle with the cutting edge and overpowers him to drink the deadly wine finally fulling his destiny. Hamlet feels the depth of the crime he just committed, but also feels fulfilled in the same instance he avenges his late father along with letting go of the emotional trauma cast upon him through his Godly believes.
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The Cameraman’s Revenge by Wladyslaw Starewicz
In this essay I will be talking about The Cameraman's Revenge by Ladislas Starevich, which is a widely known and very notable stop motion animation that was something very new and very impressive for its time. I chose this piece for this essay as I admire the animator's history and because I consider this animation to be very impressive. It stood out to me when I first encountered it and it has become a reference for me and my studies of animation. In this paper I will go through some of Starevich's past and the many aspects of his famous animation that has paved a path of inspiration for other animators.
Originally born in Moscow, Russia, in 1882 to parents who were of Polish and Lithuanian decent, Ladislas Starevich began to grow to become an animator that has inspired many others that came after him. Although he was born in Moscow, he had later moved to Lithuania (which at the time was still part of the Russian empire). He began working as a director in the Natural History Museum in 1910 as one of his passions (aside from graphic design) was entomology, the study of insects. During his time here, he discovered his budding interest in animation, particularly stop motion, and this is where he began to experiment with using insects as puppets. The following year, he returned to his birthplace where he created many creative animations such as 'The Beautiful Leukanida' (1912) and 'The Night Before Christmas' (1913) which was based off Nikolai Gogol's book of the same title. When the civil war struck, he fled Russia and travelled to a few cities before he settled down in political exile in a community of Russian immigrants in Paris.
'The Cameraman's Revenge' is a creative 13 minute long stop motion animated film that involves a story that surrounds the topic of extramarital affairs and adultery, which at the time was not a heavily discussed topic in the public eye . Although it features such adult topics, it is considered a comedic film due to the use of classic cartoon style fight scenes and exaggerations of the characters actions for a comedic touch in the piece. The Cameraman's Revenge is one of Starevich's earliest works that survived the test of time and is considered possibly one of his most famous works to this day, or at least the most notable.
To summarise the story as best I can, the animation follows a pairing of beetles (Mr. and Mrs. Beetle) who have become bored of their partnership and seek extramarital company from outside sources. Mr Beetle stumbles upon a lover at a popular burlesque parlour (she is a dragonfly who is a popular dancer at the parlour and has a very jealous ex-boyfriend). This ex-boyfriend of hers is Mr. Grasshopper who decides he wants revenge on the budding lovers. The Grasshopper stalks his girlfriend and her new companion to the hotel that they are staying in, and here he films their escapade through the keyhole of their hotel room. Mr Beetle spots this and tries to catch him before he can make an escape but the Grasshopper luckily gets away. Meanwhile, Mrs. Beetle is having an escapade of her own at home with an artist, but when Mr. Beetle gets home he catches them in the act, kicking out the artist and eventually forgiving his wife but does not reveal what he did earlier. Later they go to a film screening together and it just so happens that the film that is being screened is Mr. Beetle's affair up on the big screen for all to see.
This animation could possibly be seen as highly controversial and offensive in todays society but during Starevich's time this was a rather comedic animation that in essence jokes about the idea of double standards, adultery and voyeurism . Despite the adult topics, the animation isn't just known for the story, but it also is a very prominent example of early stop motion animation, and a very unique and creative example of it too.
The 'animated' insects have rather fluid and human-like movements, thanks to Starevich's careful observation of how bugs move and interact as well as comparing it to how we as humans move. Because of this he crafted a detailed animation that has quite an interesting anthropomorphic style of movement and character expression and interaction. Because the film was a 'silent' film, his portrayal of the story relied heavily on the insects' movements and interactions and he delivered exactly what was needed to make the animation successful. He essentially created a human story that was simple to understand without spoken word while still keeping some qualities and natural movements of the insects that he used which greatly helped with the comedic effect of the animation.
Starevich also used colour and music to help portray the story but used just enough of it to not take away from the movements of the animation too much. We all know that colours have somewhat of a psychological effect when watching a film or animation as it is used to help portray emotions and atmosphere within certain scenes (for example blue is associated with sadness and is often the primary tint or colour in a sad scene). He used certain colours over key scenes to help viewers understand the emotions of the scenes and connect it with the characters actions and feelings. An example of this would be the scene in which Mr. Grasshopper is filming, the primary colour that is seen during this part is red, some argue the meaning of this colour at this scene but I believe it sits between anger and lust, and that Starevich chose it so that viewers can choose who to sympathise with, Grasshopper or Mr. Beetle. Alongside the colours in various scenes, he also used music to further immerse people into the story of this animation. Although it is very basic, instrumental pieces, it really draws one's attention to the atmosphere of each scene, further helping the depiction of the story.
Starevich was not the first stop motion animator in his time but considering his many works he certainly was one of the most creative. Animators to this day consider him an inspiration for their works. His most famous animation 'The Cameraman's Revenge' is widely known and admired animation due to its creativity in content and production methods, the use of anthropomorphised insects, music and colour and striking storyline. Overall I really enjoy this film due to how different it was to any others in his time, and I feel like it is a wonderful inspiration for my own studies in animation and stop-motion.
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The Cameraman's Revenge by Wladyslaw Starewicz. (2019, Mar 27).
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Comparative Advantages and Trump’s Protection Policies
Comparative advantage is the capacity to produce a product in a minimum opportunity cost than other producer using available resources. The law of comparative advantages defines that a free trade where a fewer good for which they have a comparative advantage. Whereas, absolute advantage is the ability of the individual to produce more goods or services than other producers using the same amount of resources. Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are widely used terms in international trade. Where absolute advantage is a condition in which a country can produce particular goods at a lower cost in comparison to another country. On the other hand, comparative advantage is a condition in which a country produces particular goods at a lower opportunity cost in comparison to other countries. Protectionism is trying to use restrictions such as tariffs in other to boost their country's industry so that they could protect it from foreign competition. A tariff imposed on any goods and services is an extra tax that raises its sale price equivalently to making it less attractive to buyers than the domestically made product.
The theory of comparative advantage explains that the trade protectionism does not work in the long run because it allows to the waste of country's resources toward unsuccessful industries. They cannot compete with their competitors as well as the consumer are forced to pay higher prices to buy domestic goods. The protectionist approach escalated more recently. The President of United States Donald Trump has imposed 25% tariff on steel and 10% tariff on aluminum imported from all countries except Canada and Mexico. The U.S. imposed a 25% duty on $34 billion of Chinese imports, while China immediately responded with 25% tariffs on U.S. agriculture products and cars. The U.S is currently reviewing tariffs on another $16 billion worth of Chinse goods, and Trump last week has indicated that he may expand tariffs to nearly all Chinese imported goods. It seems the trade war is now full-on and accelerating quickly between the world's two largest economies. There is both a positive and negative impact on the Australian economy from protectionist policies. Overall, in aggregate, it looks as though the impact of a Trump administration will be the highest net negative for Australia, mainly via the channel of reduced global trade.
Mr Trump stated that the US is losing something due to running trade deficits that have been thoroughly controverted by modern economics. Despite, Australia will have a small impact on its economy from the tariffs imposed on steel and aluminum as Australia is not a large exporter of steel and aluminum. Modern economics shows that trade and current account deficits are not problematic. This is because there are inflows of capital that can lead to increasement of domestic investment. In other hand running a trade or current account, deficits can actually assist economic growth, just as it has for Australia by enabling lower long-term interest rate and higher capital accumulation than otherwise. There are various impact of protectionist policies which are explained below:
Firstly, Australia could stand to benefit from the trade war between the U.S. and China. The initial list from China targets US agriculture products, including soybeans, wines, and meats. Australia is well placed to provide the substitute for the demand.
The second positive impact is that Donald Trump has promised a new wave of infrastructure spending in the U.S. This could see demand for raw commodities lift, raising prices. As Australia is a significant exporter of hard commodities, including coal and iron ore, so there could be significant benefits here for Australia.
Besides the advantages there are disadvantages too. The first negative impact is that Australia is unlikely to be targeted by the U.S. anytime soon as the U.S. actually has a trade surplus with Australia. Moreover, the largest amount of goods exported to the U.S. are covered by the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement.
Another disadvantage of Trump's trade policy on Australian Businesses is more uncertain as it all depends on whether the current protectionism policy is used as a negative tool on trade. In other words, if Trump administration intends to implement it in a long run, it will eventually hit the economy of both sides economics and slow down the global economic growth. This results in uncertainty and results in the reduction in investment. For Australia, this concludes in lower demand and price for its commodity exports.
However, the U.S. government tried to save the domestic industry but it is very likely that the U.S. will burn down the current international trade system. But it does not protect the industries but instead of that consumers pay more price for the product. Therefore, tariff harms the economy.
Second, there is a risk of a trade war will start to weight on the strong performing U.S. economy, which will have a negative impact on the upcoming mid-term election.
Third, Deutsche bank stated that the U.S. actually has a trade surplus of $1.4 trillion dollars when both direct trade and the sales of multinational companies are taken into account. It is, in fact, benefiting from globalization. Therefore, it is difficult to image the U.S. will adopt a full-scale protectionism approach over the long run. It is more likely that Trump is using tariffs to negotiate a better deal on trade and other things. If this is the case, the impact on Australian businesses is limited.
Furthermore, I have got videos from youtube in which there are some more views from different persons about the global impact of Trump's decision.
In conclusion, we can say that the decision of trump's about tariff to protect the domestic industries may impact the whole global if it runs for a long term. Australian economy also will not be benefited from protectionist policies of President Trump as Australia may also be targeted as soon in future because the U.S. has a trade surplus with Australia. Not only that, U.S. decided to implement it for a long run which slows down the economic growth that results in the reduction in the investment, that concludes the lower demand for the Australian product in a foreign market. Not only for Australia, but there is also a lot more negative impact on the economy of the whole global. This makes the slowed down the growth rate of the economy in the whole global and also may have the risk of the trade war. And also even for the U.S. consumer have to suffer from the high price of the product which results in the inflation. President Trump's promised to lift domestic spending while also cutting taxes inevitably means bigger budget deficits, more debt, higher inflation and, most likely, higher interest rates financial markets already have reflected this. Therefore, it is not beneficial for Australia and other countries even for the whole global.
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Donald Trump’s Triumph
In 2016, Donald J. Trump won the presidential election which no one could have predicted that he would win. The polls were wrong as Hillary Clintons rate kept a reasonable lead up until election night. Trump won the race with 306 electoral votes and in order to become president a nominee must have 270 electoral votes, for these are required to take the victory. We are here to figure out what changed or what happened for Donald trump to win the election.
Some would say it was because of white voters flipped from the democrat party to republican party from Barack Obama to voting for Donald trump. However, I believe this is not the case. There were 5 states that flipped to the GOP from 2012 to 2016. These states were Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania among others. They all had something in common they were in the Midwest and their jobs were on the line. Michigan being the motor capital of the world where two major motor companies such as GM and Chrysler in 2009 during the recession both filed for bankruptcy. Although the federal government bailed out these companies and ten other major motor agencies (Amadeo). Where most employees of these agencies are sometimes fiscal liberals they were also unionized. Trump hit hard in his campaign in the Midwest and especially on jobs. This is evident when Donald J Trump stated, and we are going to the white house, and we are going to bring jobs back to our country, and we are going to bring jobs back to Michigan (Trump).
Ford announced it was bringing a big operation in Mexico where Trump vowed to stop it in that same rally trump said, we will be bring back our jobs to Michigan, there will be a very big price to pay, for those companies, that want to leave our land go someplace else, manufacture their good and sell them back with no retribution. It won't happen. There will be consequences (Trump). These workers of these motor agencies wanted their jobs back and voting for trump was a way to help their cause. The blue-collar worker knew he was talking about them. All the blue-collar jobs especially miners in Ohio, West Virginia, and Michigan's upper peninsula supported trump. where in 1990s the United Mine Workers of America voted for Bill Clinton with a great win and the same was true for Trump over 20 years later. Trump counts miners among his most loyal voters (Coal miners helped Trump. Now they need help., par. 8). Therefore, I believe Trump won by promising job security.
Culture is the habits spoken and unspoken that define how things are done. (How You Change a Culture, par. 7). Another reason I believe Trump won was the shift of culture from the political left. Until now identity politics never been so important in the political left where the democratic party moved far left. Immigration was considered a bad thing until things changed and it wasn't anymore. Which in turn would establish a privilege base social hierarchy with straight white males at the bottom of the hierarchy. They expanded on the idea of affirmative action which they seem the most under privileged to give an example such as transgender and Muslims. There are many social liberal people in America in which believe in civil rights and affirmative action and lot of them did not show up to the polls or even vote for Donald Trump. Culture change follows behavior and performance change. You can't talk your way to culture change any more than you can dream your way to success (How You Change a Culture, par. 9).
Hillary Clinton, being a politician for many years, first lady to Bill Clinton, a senator of New York, ran for president in 2008, and eventually becoming secretary of state under President Obama. Hillary Clinton was a corporate democrat who in turn was picked by the democratic party in the primary elections. With what seems to be a shifting right supreme court the democratic party need to make major changes if they want to succeed in the 2020 presidential elections which is deeply divided based on ideology (Black). Which is bad news for them. Thus, there is current political drama with Russia, Comey, and everything else which I do not feel is possible to analyses without bias currently.
In March 2010, Obamacare was put into legislation and was considered one of Barack Obamas greatest achievements extending healthcare to millions of Americans that were not covered by health care. In the 2016 presidential election Donald Trump used health care as a campaign pledge to gain support among voters. He views Obamacare as socialize medicine which denied Americans a choice in their health care and bringing the standard down on health care for everyone. However, it also impeded on free marketing and would allow companies to compete in business among state lines. it is evident, that many Americans would agree (Millward). Obamacare remains intact, repeal and replace did not pass due to the shifting to late John McCain's vote. Some of the points that Donald Trump wanted as Trumpcare was available tax credits to help purchase insurance according to age and income. Americans would no longer be forced to have insurance and employers would not be forced to insure the health of their workers. There would be no fines against uninsured individuals. Insurance companies would have the freedom to set their own prices. Finally, cuts would be made to woman's healthcare by not paying for contraceptives or abortions. Some of the aspects between Obamacare and Trumpcare would remain the same such as young adults could be still covered under their parent's insurance plan until the age of 26. Preexisting conditions cannot be denied. Maternity and preventative services would still be offered. Finally, insurance companies could not set limit on how much they have to pay in order to fully cover an individual. All these points are currently observed under Obamacare. Donald Trump believes Obamacare will fail by itself and democrats will come to republicans for a replacement plan (Millward).
There are many different reasons that some seem to believe that President Trump was elected. Thus, I have began to scratch the surface of the few chosen in which I believe held an important amount of weight with the outcome in the 2016 presidential election. For example, job security was promised, a shift of culture from the political left, the controversy surrounding Hillary Clinton within her campaign, and the repeal and replacement of Obamacare. Regardless of Donald Trump not winning the popular vote, he did acquire the needed electoral votes to become the 45th president of the United States of America.
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Has Donald Trump Kept his Word?
In every election, each nominee during his or her campaign lays out their beliefs and makes promises they try to keep while in office. These promises can range from international trade to cleaning up the local park. No matter the significance of the promises the elected official is judged on their effectiveness to implement policies to uphold the promises made and their ability to keep their word. President Donald Trump has made many campaign promises and has followed through with several of the more important issues in his first two years as President.
A major promise Donald Trump made during his campaign was to appoint conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. After the death of Justice Antonin Scalia in 2016, Donald Trump said before being elected President, I promised that, if elected, I would nominate a Justice who would be faithful and loyal to the Constitution. I even went one step further and publicly presented a list of 20 judges from which I would make my selection, and that's exactly what we did (Trump). On April 10, 2017, Justice Neil Gorsuch took the oath of office. President Trump nominated another justice from the list he previously quoted. Shortly after Justice Anthony Kennedy announced his retirement on June 27, 2018, President trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh who took his oath of office October 6, 2018. President Trump kept his word on selecting not one but two well qualified conservative justices to the United States Supreme Court. Now the highest court in the land has a 5-4 conservative favor, this can only help the right agenda as future cases get ruled.
In the same way, President Trump made good on his Supreme Court Justice promise he created a private hotline for veterans to voice their complaints not being addressed by their VA as well as get the help they need such as suicide prevention. This is another method President Trump implemented to ensure all US veterans are properly taken care of. According to the Veterans Affairs Department, the hotline has received over 107,600 calls since its launch in June 2017(as of August 2018)(www.va.gov). The amount of veterans calling and being helped is a huge step for Veteran Affairs in America. So far the President has kept his promises on the Supreme Court and Veteran Affairs but has had to compromise on his efforts to cancel global warming payments to the United Nations.
For instance, the President wanted to completely stop all and every climate change related spending, starting with pulling out of the Paris climate agreement. As opposed to President Obama who increased funding for climate change related research and programs. President Trump stated in his White House speech on June 1, 2017, the money being spent in such programs, "will be sent to the very countries and factories that have taken our jobs"(Trump). In short President Trump, did succeed by shutting down US funding for the Global Climate Fund but he didn't not full stop the funding of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which is a United Nation committee. This is still a step toward keeping his promise.
Another promise the President made was to limit legal immigration Donald Trump has again reduced the refugee cap to 30,000 the decision in support of the President's American First agenda. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo on Sept. 17 said the reduction in the refugee cap is the Trump administration's "commitment to protect the most vulnerable around the world while prioritizing the safety and well being of the American people, as President Trump has directed"(Dept. of State, Pompeo). Pompeo continues by stating the country still must vet every person so we do not allow anyone who might do harm to our country. By limiting the number of refugees the government can allow the best of the best as a way to promote future growth for the United States as a whole.
As well as limit legal immigration President Trump suspended immigration from terror-prone countries and tried to end the terror group ISIS. As Donald Trump loosened restraints on the American military they have effectively executed more airstrikes on ISIS-controlled areas in the Middle East, crippling what is left of their terrorist infrastructure. The travel ban as many people called it the Muslim Ban due to the large percentage of Muslim people currently living in these countries has been implemented to prevent potentially dangerous immigrants from the Middle East enter the country by immigration visas. Donald Trump said in his Immigration speech, Homeland Security and the Department of Justice to begin a comprehensive review of these cases in order to develop a list of regions and countries from which immigration must be suspended until proven and effective vetting mechanisms can be put in place. I call it extreme vetting right? Extreme vetting. I want extreme. It's going to be so tough, and if somebody comes in that's fine but they're going to be good. It's extreme(Trump). After the June 5-4 decision the Supreme Court ruled the President acted within his executive authority meaning the travel ban will stay. President Trump kept his promise to suspend immigration from terror-prone counties and has successfully destroyed ISIS strongholds in Iraq and Syria.
Furthermore, Donald Trump made many promises regarding the economy and has plans to promote economic growth through the nation through the creation of 25 million jobs in the next 10 years, which most economists say is impossible. It is too early to tell if his policies have and will generate the economic growth the President is sure of. What can be said for certain is more jobs have been created under the Trump administration. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the economy created between February 2017 and December 2017 more than 1.6 million payroll jobs were created as well as 261,000 jobs in October of 2017. On average for each, the first eight months of 2018 about 200,000 jobs have been created. The President has kept his word on creating domestic jobs for American citizens.
Overall President Trump has kept or tried to keep many of his campaign promises. Regardless of your political views or your personal opinion of Donald Trump he has been true to his word and there has been political action taken by his administration to better the lives and interests of the American people. With that being said Donald Trump has kept the promises, which got him, elected and has been an effective President by implementing his policies.
Work Cited
- Current Employment Statistics National News Releases. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018, www.bls.gov/ces/.
- Engagement Office of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Experience Office (VEO). Military Crisis Line, 18 Oct. 2017, www.va.gov/ve/whvahotline.asp.
- Keeping His Promise: President Trump's Transparent, Consistent, and Principled Process for Choosing a Supreme Court Nominee. The White House, The United States Government, 9 July 2018, www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/keeping-promise-president-trumps-transparent-consistent-principled-process-choosing-supreme-court-nominee/.
- Military Crisis Line: Suicide Prevention Hotline, Chat & Text Veterans Crisis Line. Veterans Crisis Line, www.veteranscrisisline.net/get-help/military-crisis-line.
- Pompeo, Michael R. Remarks to the Media. U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, 17 Sept. 2018, www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2018/09/285960.htm.
- Transcript of Donald Trump's Immigration Speech. The New York Times, The New York Times, 21 Dec. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2016/09/02/us/politics/transcript-trump-immigration-speech.html?_r=0.
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Foreign Aid and the Trump Administration
During the 2016 US Presidential Campaign, candidate Donald Trump separated himself from the pack of Republican candidates by championing a more isolationist foreign policy. While more establishment Republican candidates like Marco Rubio and Jeb Bush advocated for more hawkish foreign policy positions with greater US activity around the world, Trump wanted to pull back from the world. This became a key cornerstone of his America First policy. Ostensibly, this pro-isolationist stance struck a chord with a segment of the American people. In part emotionally drained by over 15 years of US intervention in the Middle East, the American people appeared willing to support a dramatic isolationist foreign policy, the likes of which had not been seen since the years leading up to WWII. Against Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Trump's America First policy stood in stark contrast to her pro-diplomacy and more pro-interventionist approach. Ultimately, the US electoral college chose President Trump and these isolationist foreign policy stances.
Upon arrival in office, President Trump quickly established his isolationist policies. In the FY2018 budget released in March 2017, Trump telegraphed the scaling back of US diplomacy and foreign aid for international development by making dramatic budgetary cuts. Despite this strong attack on conventional US foreign policy and aid disbursement, several evolving factors went on to challenge his American First foreign policy budget. Congressional pushback, government bureaucracy, and larger geopolitical trends have all constrained President Trump's attempts to dramatically make cuts to the State Department and USAID. Despite, all the president's bluster and promises to restrict foreign aid, conventional US foreign policy including the disbursement of foreign aid have undermined the America First tenets that Trump campaigned for. In fact, specific geopolitical factors have not only compelled the administration to keep diplomatic and aid budgets untouched, but great expansions have been made to aid disbursements.
Trump's Original Plan to Slash State and USAID Budget
After campaign promise after campaign promise focusing on Americans at home and not the international community, President Trump made good on his promise of slashing international aid when his FY2018 budget was first released. Crafted meticulously by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Director Mick Mulvaney, OMB took up Trump's mantle of putting America first again. This FY2018 budget quickly made it clear where the Trump Administration would focus its efforts on exacting its isolationist goals. In Mulvaney's first press conference as Director of OMB, he made it clear what message the cuts he proposed would communicate to the world, It is not a soft-power budget. This is a hard-power budget. And that was done intentionally. To the shock and general consternation of the US foreign policy and USAID community in Washington DC, Trump's budget proposed a dramatic 29% cut in funding from $38 billion to $27.1 billion. Only the Environment Protection Agency (EPA) was targeted with a more dramatic cut of 31%. Notably however, Trump's first budget did not seem to completely champion the isolationist sentiment that he had campaigned on. While the administration did specifically target diplomacy and aid, the Department of Defense (DOD) enjoyed a robust proposed budget increase of 10% to $632 billion. This further illustrates what Director Mulvaney meant when he said that his budget would be a hard-power budget.
This budgetary increase to DOD while coinciding with a dramatic proposed cut to State and USAID illustrates some of the early calculus of the Trump administration. Trump, surrounded by his collection of generals, sees the military as his tool of choice when it comes to foreign policy. The military, not diplomacy, would serve as his primary instrument of choice in dealing with potential conflicts and projecting the US's national security interests to the world. Trump saw the State Department as a bastion of the deep-state with bureaucrats who had served under Secretary of State Clinton. Distrusting State, he appointed Rex Tillerson to serve as secretary of state. Tillerson surrounded himself with his own hand-picked officials largely ignoring the career diplomats that secretaries and presidents often rely on. By choosing a secretary of state willing to reduce the role of the department and by elevating DOD through his budget focusing on hard-power, Trump introduced a far less globalist foreign policy than previous administrations enacted.
In Trump's first budget, entitled American First: A Budget Blueprint to Make American Great Again, the administration reveals its justification for slashing the budget for both State and USAID. The administration explains that none of the cuts made would impact the security for diplomatic forces around the world. Instead the cuts would primarily go to ending the funding of various international organizations that the administration deems as not being aligned with US foreign policy objectives. The United Nations (UN) was one of those international organizations that was threatened to be targeted. The goal of these cuts was to make both State and USAID leaner, more efficient, and more effective. Instead of the administration focusing its attentions on the revitalization of the State Department, it instead wished to free up some of its budgets to go to other governmental departments that they thought would be more worthwhile for the goals of putting America first.
Importantly, these proposed cuts made by Trump did not come to pass. Although, the administration tried again for FY2019 to dramatically slash the budget of State and USAID, the administration met similar pushback. In fact, State and USAID largely kept the budget that they had been operating under since the late Obama Administration. Despite the efforts of both Trump and Mulvaney to craft a budget slashing money for State and USAID, other more powerful factors kept the coffers of these departments largely untouched.
Trump Administration's Cuts to Diplomacy and Aid Find Legislative Push-back
Almost immediately after Trump's first budget was proposed to the American people, congress made it clear, on both sides of the aisle, that this budget would be dead upon arrival. Even legislators who are great champions of President Trump rejected this plan outright. In a Senate Committee on Foreign Relations hearing regarding the proposed budget, Senator Lindsey Graham, a powerful ally of President Trump in the Senate, carefully navigated his position when posing questions to then Secretary of State Rex Tillerson. While being complementary to Tillerson and the aspirations of Trump, Senator Graham made it clear that both the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and the Senate at large would never accept such dramatic cuts to the budget for State and USAID. Sure enough, congress passed its own budget into law which ignored the nearly one-third cut to the State Department.
Trump's proposed cuts to aid failed in congress for a few reasons. Since 9/11, there has largely been a bipartisan consensus that various international affairs programs should be heavily invested in by the congress. There is substantial evidence supporting the fact that foreign aid has been incredibly important for rising standards of living around the world. Foreign aid has been met with rising levels of income and the decline in infant mortality. While these altruistic benefits to US aid certainly are important, foreign aid also plays a more pragmatic role in international politics. Congress has made the calculus that both US security and economic goals are at stake when it comes to international aid. If the US were to pull its aid from several regions, as Trump's budget proposed, congress might expect that US citizens might be negatively affected at home. Potentially, pandemics might spread in areas where the US pulls its health aid and even terrorism might take root when the US is no longer there to keep extremism at bay. These concerns on the behalf of congress also touch upon the greater geopolitical risks that less US aid might lead to which will be explored further in the next section.
Interestingly, congress was not the only part of government that categorically rejected these cuts to both State and USAID. While Mulvaney and Trump were prepared to make dramatic cuts to these departments, other members of Trump's cabinet rejected his cuts. Members of the broader Washington establishment like General Mattis expressed in the past his respect and reliance on the State Department famously saying that when State is not funded, he must buy more ammunition. Secretary of State Tillerson's successor Mike Pompeo also appears to be much more pro-State and USAID than both Trump and Mulvaney. Pompeo has regained some of the trust of the career diplomats at State that was eroded during Secretary of State Tillerson's tenure.
Trump and Mulvaney's plans to slash the budget of State and USAID have gone beyond both the FY2018 and FY2019 budgets. As recent as August 2018, OMB planned to cut as much as three to five billion dollars from State's budget via a rescission process. The rescission package would have restricted money going to various foreign aid campaigns via the United Nations (UN). But, like the budgets before it, congress pounced on this sneaky rescission package and ended any chance of its passage. After the immediate rebuke of this rescissions package made by both Democrats and Republicans, the Trump Administration began to reevaluate its approach to specifically slashing foreign aid.
How Geopolitical Trends Have Inhibited Trump's Attempts to Withhold Foreign Aid
Seemingly out of nowhere, the Trump administration's advocacy for dramatic budget cuts to foreign policy suddenly reversed. In October 2018, while Washington and the world watched the Kavanaugh Hearings dramatically unfold, quietly and without little fanfare a dramatic reorganization of US foreign aid was passed by congress and signed into law by President Trump. The BUILD Act championed bipartisanly by Senator Bob Corker, Senator Chris Coons, Congressman Ted Yoho, Congressman Adam Smith, and Congressman Ed Royce reaffirmed the US's commitment to international development and foreign aid. The BUILD Act consolidates Development Credit Authority (DCA) of USAID with the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) into a new government entity entitled the US International Development Finance Corporation (USIDFC). Congress and Trump have awarded the USIDFC with the authority to provide $60 billion in loans and insurance to various private companies wishing to do business in developing nations. Congressman Ted Yoho, in particular helped sell this expansion in foreign aid to both congress and Mulvaney. In an interview after the passage of the BUILD Act, Yoho reveals how China and national security were the key reasons leading him to champion the act. Despite running for House on the platform of slashing foreign aid, rising national security threats were enough for Yoho to change his mind. He implored both his colleagues in congress and Mulvaney to recognize the growing national security threats that China had begun to impose through its foreign aid.
The key mechanism of USIDFC is the strong capitalist argument to invest in developing countries. Promoting an equity positions in investment, which involves investment made by a third party in a business in exchange for stock, USIDFC is meant to reduce the potential risk to American private companies in investing in the potentially risky environments of developing nations. USIDFC adopts many of the tenets that China and Europe currently have adopted to encourage more international development.
Trump was compelled to abandon his black and white America First approach to foreign policy and foreign aid by strong political arguments made on behalf of many Republican congressmen. Trump and the government bureaucracy of Washington at-large have uneasily watched as China continues to unveil new political and economic campaigns to display its burgeoning economic, political, and technological prowess. In an attempt to counter China, Trump is now focusing on expanding infrastructure aid to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. In October 2018, President Xi Jinping of China made a pledge to give annually $60 billion for the development of Africa. Considering the dramatic levels of aid that China today pledges to various developing countries, a fear persists throughout the government that those countries receiving Chinese aid will become beholden to China. Various Congressmen including Bob Corker reveal that most of our foreign policy budget is now focused on specifically countering China's nefarious activities.
Despite all the money that is now being dedicated towards foreign aid and countering Chinese aid, the US simply cannot compete with the amount of aid that China is providing. Current Chinese infrastructure plans in Kazakhstan and Kenya alone represent seven-times as much money as was spent by the US during the Marshall Plan. Instead of trying to compete with the sheer volume of money that China is pouring into developing countries, the US, as well as other key foreign aid contributors and US allies like France, UK, and Japan, should focus their aid on developing the financial sectors of these countries. The development of the financial sectors of these underdeveloped countries will make these jurisdictions more hospitable to further investment in the future. Instead of taking the short-term path of developing infrastructure like the Chinese, Western powers can create an environment more compatible for future development by targeting their financial sectors. This is a plan that even the once reticent to foreign aid President Trump can get behind.
What Happens If US Aid is Actually Cut
Despite the recent change in fortune for the State Department and USAID, international aid continues to be under threat. Career bureaucrats will hold their breath in anticipation to see what Trump's proposed FY2020 Budget will look like. While USIDFC does look like a concrete pledge by the president to continue to support international aid for the foreseeable future, there is still a concern that the Trump administration might continue to look for more ways to slash international aid where they perceive there being no threat to national security.
Several studies compiled by the global campaign for aid transparency website Publish What You Find explore what would happen if the US withdrew their aid from vulnerable communities including Senegal, Liberia, Cambodia, and Nicaragua. In all case studies, it was apparent that a sudden reduction of the US foreign assistance budget would undermine current programs and potentially reverse the progress made to date.
Looking at Liberia, the US has led aid campaigns over the past few years investing in democracy and governance power. If the US would pull out of Liberia, we would see their governance capacity become severely strained and it would also likely waste all the investments the US has made in the country. Likewise, in Senegal, the US has been allocating small but purposeful amounts of aid to the country for years mainly directing funds to the country's agricultural sector. This aid has gone so far as to make the country a reliably peaceful and democratic ally to the US. Currently, the US is helping to resolve a conflict in the Casamance region of the country. A withdrawal of any amount of money from the agricultural sector might be enough to not only render many of those living in the region as food insecure, but it could exacerbate the conflict in the country.
Liberia and Senegal illustrate how even small countries receiving small amounts of aid can be beneficially impacted by US foreign aid. Publish What You Find reveals that over the past two years, the mere threat of the withholding of USAID funds has been enough to completely shut down aid programs. They assert that even in these countries far away from the major loci of world power, China can pounce on any country that the US decides to cut international aid from and develop its own sphere of influence.
Conclusion
President Trump ran on a foreign policy plan of America First. A rejection of globalization, he wished to pull the US back from foreign entanglements and involvement. For the first two years of his presidency, he fought hard against the Washington establishment, including congress, State, USAID, and even some naysayers in his own cabinet. In the end however, the administration was forced to bow to the establishment and the geopolitical trends that do not align with his campaign promises. Despite the intention to cut aid and slash the budgets for State and USAID, Trump has been unable to do either. The budgets of State and USAID remain the same thanks largely in part to bipartisan efforts in congress. Aid has not been slashed but expanded through the promise of the USIDFC which promises to meet the challenge of countering the grower influence of China. A president who relishes in his rejection of the Washington establishment has been forced by the establishment and geopolitical trends to abandon, for the time being, a keystone of his American First platform.
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Trump’s Position on Personal Privacy
In the last paper submitted for this class, various aspects of data security were discussed. The increased probability of cyber-attack and cyber-warfare, the history of data security at the governmental level and what events precipitated data security to be taken more seriously in the first place, and, perhaps most importantly, the importance of a position of coordinator at the White House for the protection of sensitive information. What was concluded in the essay written for the previous prompt about data security regarding this decision of Trump's was that he either believes that increasing cyber-security measures is not important and would not benefit the nation, or believes that the White House employees can handle cyber-security in a sufficient matter without an expert coordinator position. Clearly, both of these perspectives are worrying and simply incorrect to hold. Also discussed was Trump's use of the Congressional Repeal Act to repeal FCC rules passed in 2016 regarding Internet privacy. The conclusion in that discussion was that the decision to repeal such important rules clearly demonstrated that Trump and the administration act on the interests of big businesses rather than the interest and peace of mind of American citizens. This, in essence, is also the overall conclusion that can be made about Trump and the administration's stance on the issue of personal privacy.
The following paragraphs will discuss the events that have occurred after those discussed in the previous essay for this course, with a focus on privacy at the personal level rather than the governmental level. Ultimately, conclusions will be drawn about the current state of affairs regarding personal privacy, the likelihood of more comprehensive personal privacy laws and the direction they are headed in, how much personal privacy is valued by the Trump administration, and finally how American citizens feel about personal privacy.
In September of 2018, the Trump administration finally presented a framework addressing consumer data privacy: something many have been waiting for after his repeal of previous laws in the spring of last year. Trump had promised that the next framework would be better for both the consumer and for businesses, as it would be all encompassing as well as fair on the businesses-end; previously, major telecommunications were frustrated by the fact that big websites like Facebook were not required to comply with the same set of rules as the major telecommunication companies.
Also a looming issue over the head of all organizations was (and still is) the fact that there are only state laws about data collection and data privacy but not federal laws. According to an article on Broadcasting and Cable, the new framework actually falls short of Trump's promise. The way that John Eggerton described the policy was that the administration was presenting broad-brush strokes that would create little to no dispute (Eggerton). He also pointed out that there were no specific measures nor action plan, no specific examples of ways that transparency, control, and security can be increased (Eggerton). The policy failed to mention whether there would be opt-out or, even more protective for the consumer, opt in systems implemented to be the basis of transparency. Therefore, worried consumers are still in the dark regarding the future of personal privacy and frustrated by a policy that is not transparent about the means of promised transparency. As noted in the article, this framework was intended to keep peace between the republicans and democrats, but only manages to do so because it is so vague: when it becomes time to discuss the specific measures to be taken, the administration will be left back at square 0 and left with a very difficult proposal to re-work.
The National Telecommunications & Information Administration commented on the policy, saying that the policy aims to create "a reasonably informed user, empowered to meaningfully express privacy preferences, as well as products and services that are inherently designed with appropriate privacy protections, particularly in business contexts in which relying on user intervention may be insufficient to manage privacy risks" (Eggerton). The wording of this is quite ambiguous, as the definition of a reasonably informed user probably varies widely from president Trump to a citizen whose information was compromised in the Facebook data breach, for example. Also, the statement says that products and services should be designed with appropriate privacy protections when Trump has claimed that the new framework will be superior to any from the past (Eggerton). Part 5 of the 7-point plan created says the following: Users should be able to reasonably access and correct personal data they have provided (Eggerton). Again, the word reasonable is being used. Does reasonable mean that it is possible for the consumer to access their personal data they provided, or does it mean that it is easy to access it? Based on the past actions of the administration, the latter does not seem to be the likely scenario. Part 6 reads, Organizations should take steps to manage the risk of disclosure or harmful uses of personal data (Eggerton). Using the word should instead of a word like must is another clear indication that the protection of consumers' personal data is not being taken as seriously as many are consumers are demanding it be.
This policy draft is likely to cause a lot of conflict between state governments and the federal government. Many states like California, for example, do not have a history of waiting patiently during delays in law making at the federal level. Following the discard of previous protections under the FCC, the state of California created its own set of net-neutrality laws, which required the biggest players of Internet providers like AT&T, Comcast, and Verizon to treat all web traffic equally (Romm, Fung). Just as one would expect, these laws prohibited Internet providers from blocking access to sites and services, slowing down web connections or charging companies for faster delivery of their movies, music or other content (Romm, Fung). But, this was not just another common occurrence of law making at the state level: according to an article written for the Washington Post, some were even calling California's net-neutrality law the toughest net-neutrality law ever enacted in the United States (Romm, Fung). The way that the Trump administration has handled the personal privacy predicament is likely to result in the same way: states like California are likely to become impatient, and draft a policy that is much more clear but much tougher than one written out by the Trump administration, and therefore not in alignment with the goals of the administration.
Another notably tense relationship regarding governmental stance on personal privacy is that of the U.S. government and the EU. As discussed in the previous essay written for Management of Information Systems, the U.S. and England struggled to work together in the past due to clashing stances on personal privacy and data security. Both entities had positive intentions on collaborating on a safe-harbor framework, or a private, self-regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement (Laudon 137). Under this agreement, U.S. business were allowed to make use of personal data from countries in the EU as long as the EU approved of the privacy protection policies that the U.S. developed (Laudon 137). Ultimately, though, ties were severed when the EU discovered that Facebook's massive data breach involved compromising data from European citizens as well. Come fall of 2018, and the European Union has arguably created the best personal-privacy law in world history. The law is called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This law puts emphasis on consent, control, and clear explanations (Tiku).
What is unique about this law is that it no longer permits companies to bring up pages and pages of so-called fine-print, (which no one actually reads) on a user's screen and then essentially require users to click I agree to use a company's service (Tiku). The new law requires brief and clear explanations of what is to be collected and, equally as important, why the information is being collected and how exactly it will be used by the company (Tiku). Consumers will have more of a say than ever before, being able to add or omit data held by the company at any time and also being able to limit the use of decisions made by algorithms (Tiku). Is a law mirroring the GDPR likely to be passed in America? Right now, the law protects citizens in every country that is part of the European Union: 28 countries. It is uncertain whether numbers alone are enough to put enough pressure on the U.S. to pass similar kinds of legislation. Something important to note, though, is that a mismatch in laws of this nature cause a lot of problems for business operating in both the European Union and the United States. Many companies are making its reworked data privacy measures demanded by the GDPR apply across the company on a global scale, as it is simpler than creating different systems (Tiku).
Chief data ethics officer of data-broker company Acxiom, Sheila Colclasure, feels that the GDPR 'will set the tone for data protection around the world for the next 10 years (Tiku). If the administration cares about maintaining good relationships with other countries and international organizations, it should follow the same steps. According to the Pew Research Center, consumer confidence about the security of their data has gone down since the rise of the popularity of major social media networks like Facebook. A survey conducted by the research center shows how over 90% of American citizens either selected that they agree or strongly agree that people have lost control over how personal information is collected and used by all kinds of entities (Rainie). In addition, a strong majority of two-thirds have said current laws are not good enough in protecting people's privacy, and 64% support more regulation of advertisers (Rainie). Based on the outlook of citizens and the administration's current efforts, it still is uncertain whether the Trump administration will take the opportunity to make a law like the GDPR.
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Comparing and Contrasting George Washington and Donald Trump
George Washington, the first president of the United States, and Donald Trump, the most recent president of the United States, have some similarities and differences. They each show the qualities of a leader through their characteristics and their actions. These qualities include authoritative characteristics, their use of strategies and tactics, and their commitment while president. George Washington and Donald Trump both have very authoritative characteristics. In 1778, George Washington took control during the battle at Monmouth in New Jersey. This left the American troops dumbfounded because having a new leader came to them as a surprise. Washington knew all of the characteristics of a military leader, such as strategy, operations, tactics (Stazesky). After the battle, he was seen as a leadership genius. Washington was going to do everything he could in order to get a government controlled by the people, in a republican and independent government.
Donald Trump does portray authoritative habits through his actions as well. Even before Donald Trump became president, he made his intentions very clear stating he will only rely on the United States' allies. He states his goals and purposes in an authoritative way. In most of his actions, he uses his power and authority to carry them out.
Even though both of these United States presidents use(d) strategies and tactics, they were used in specifically different ways. For example, although technology was not anywhere near advanced during Washington's presidency, the use of ciphers and codes were of great significance during the Revolutionary War. With more knowledge than anyone else in this time period, Washington centralized intelligence operations, created spy rings, emphasized use of codes and invisible ink, and employed various other espionage tactics (Velie). The point of these ciphers, codes, and invisible ink was to guarantee that if the letters using these tricks were to be found, they would not be understood by outside people. Trump's attempts at using tactics tend to take more of a negative approach. For instance, when he was first introduced to the Chinese president, he complimented him and stated him to be a great man. However, when the Chinese president declined the offer to perform Trump's tasks, Trump used a backlash strategy on the foreign leader and changed their negotiating positions abruptly. Another example of strategy use is Trump's America First approach, which inevitably states that America is the most powerful country in the world, and will remain powerful against any possible rival in the future (Chellaney).
Both presidents really committed to becoming president, and followed through with their promises. George Washington had the idea that the military should be willing to change based on control of the non-military citizen, which means the government or congress could make decisions for them and they had to follow through with them. He made this clear in innumerable letters, orders, addresses and especially by his actions... (Stazesky). His commitment to this idea shows he has the qualities of a successful leader. One of the main reasons Donald Trump was elected president was because he was already showing commitment before the election. Most people voted for him because he was committed to rebuilding our country and disrupting the political status quo that had failed to deliver results (Donald J. Trump.). After his election, Trump showed his commitment through his actions, and by bringing all different Americans together. Although George Washington and Donald Trump are two very different people, in some ways they possess the same leadership skills and qualities, such as authoritative characteristics, their use of strategies and tactics, and their commitment while president. They have different ways of carrying these skills out, however they both use the same strategies to show leadership.
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Partnership with Saudi Arabia
As we all know, US has an especially close partnership with Saudi Arabia and we trust the Saudi Administrations appreciably for any sort of reinforcements. Saudi Arabia has greatly supported the U.S. national security policies and has inclined tremendous military support. Saudi Arabia has also provided us a considerable amount of stability in the oil fields and oil shippings. Are we really willing to risk all this by intervening in Jamal Khashoggi's case? Currently, the best way for America to address Jamal Khashoggi's murder is by not interfering in the murder and letting the Saudis continue on with their investigations. This would secure our oil reserves, help us implant the $450 billion dollars that Saudi Arabia has granted in economical issues and other developments, and more importantly, it would still preserve our contract with Saudi Arabia.
US should definitely avert this matter because there is much at risk with the oil embargo. The oil reserves in Saudi Arabia are the 2nd largest in the world, estimated to be 268 billion barrels in total. Out of 268 billion barrels, 7.9 million barrels of crude oil a day is imported to USA (Saudi Arabia is No. 2 Supplier of oil to the United States). If we do happen to intervene, then the oil prices will increase profoundly and Saudi Arabia might as well cut off the exports. However, many people believe that by staying neutral, we're overlooking our moral principles and universal values.(The Senate is not going to let Trump shrug off Khashoggi's murder) They think as though we're supporting Saudi Arabia rather than opposing by staying impartial (The Perils of Indifference). But it's not as if USA has not taken any action towards this murder. We have already authorized 17 Saudis known to have been involved in the murder and there are still sufficient amount of investigations taking place in notice of the case (Donald Trump on Standing with Saudi Arabia). The United States still relies greatly on Saudi Arabia for oil and has to maintain it's shipments of oil from Saudi Arabia. So therefore, we cannot get involved in this occurrence.
Saudi Arabia had also negotiated and agreed to donate $450 billion dollars to the United States. We have already decided to spend $110 out of the $450 billion on the purchases of military equipment (Statement from President Donald J. Trump on Standing with Saudi Arabia). This amount of money can help us with many of our economical issues such as job developments and military assistance. Though, many people still believe as if US ignoring this matter just for money and wealth. But in reality, we are just strengthening our own country by enforcing such money on beneficial causes. We still have much growth and many advancements to take care of and for that, we need Saudi Arabia's support.
We still need to keep our affairs with Saudi Arabia alive because if we intervene, it will not only ruin our relationship with Saudi Arabia but it will also be too great of a loss as an ally. Iranians, for example, have killed many Americans and other harmless people throughout middle East and has launched many attacks toward us. Throughout these invasions, Saudi Arabia has constantly provided us assistance and helped us recover (Statement from President Donald J. Trump on Standing with Saudi Arabia). We can have complete certainty on Saudi Arabia when it comes to such matters. Nevertheless, many officials or members still have doubts about Saudi Arabia since Saudi Arabia has committed numerous amount of violations in the recent years.
Saudi authorities began arresting prominent women's rights activists, accusing several of them of grave crimes such as treason that appear to be directly related to their activism. (Saudi Arabia: Rights Abuses Under Scrutiny). But then again, we can't and are not basing this decision off of that. The contraventions of Saudi Arabia are all their responsibilities. We cannot just reverse our relationship based on this one incident which is conducted by a very small section of people even if these could be one of the most influential positions of the country. What matters is that if they have failed to regard any of our policies or fundamentals. And so far, they have been very contemporary and loyal towards our administrations.
With the oil production, the $450 billion dollar investment, and the military assistance and support provided by Saudi Arabia, there is no need for us to intervene. Even if we do interfere, what are the chances of US discovering the culprit when the many other larger agencies who have taken greater action can't since there is no direct evidence? We shouldn't jump to conclusions since we're still unsure of who did it because if we fail in our investigation, losing Saudi Arabia as an ally would be too great of a loss. At this point, the relationship status should be untouched and no significant actions should be taken on mere suspicions and no concrete evidences.
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Partnership with Saudi Arabia. (2019, Mar 27).
Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Trump Administration
President and Trump and his administration are without a doubt one of the most controversial to have ever been leading our country, no matter which party someone is supportive of. The ideas and views of both Trump and his cabinet have, in many times, been seen as less favorable to most citizens but it has not stopped him from going through with his plans. When it comes to domestic policy he has lots of ideas dealing with equality, the environment, and the economy that do not go with most people's mindset, and when it comes to foreign policy he has done interesting things regarding trade and overall treatment of other countries that is much different from how it has been handled in the past. The most notable good thing that he has done for the country so far is the changed the economy for the better for many reasons such as, the stock market and consumer confidence have hit all-time highs, the number of mortgage applications for new homes has reached a seven-year high, and gas prices have fallen to a 12-year low, but other than that there's not much else (Schweller).
Trump's foreign views are vastly different from past presidents but at times have led to successful outcomes. To start with the new, for the most part friendly, relations with North Korea, Trump went through with the first summit and agreed to a second summit with North Korea on their quest for some peace (Stokols). Closer to home he has also created a new United States-Mexico-Canada trade deal called USMCA (United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) which took more than a year to reach, but will overall help US farmers and make trade more free and fair (Trump Praises New). To name just a few other positive things that Trump has done when looking at foreign relations, he has decided to leave remaining US troops to fight Iranian troops in Syria when before he wanted to pull them all out and supported the citizens of Venezuela in their push for a regime change (Is the Trump Administration; Trump Administration Pushes). Both of these situations were originally not going to be handled like they were, but due to the change in Trump's mind, he went through with different plans that were better for our country and how our country appears.
Other than the little successes with the economy, and with very little improved foreign relations, there is not much else that the Trump Administration has been successful with. While the Trump Administration has had few successes, they have overall been unsuccessful when it comes to dealing with the environment, economy, equality, and immigration of the US and when dealing with the trade and treatment of other countries.
When President Obama was in office he did a lot to prevent climate change whether it was limiting regulations on coal-fired power plants or joining the Paris Agreement that planned to fight climate change, but in the two years that Trump has been in office he has managed to undo most of it. Recently Trump set to reverse the centerpiece of Obama's efforts to stop climate change by rolling back on the Clean Power Plan, which restricted greenhouse gases that came from power plants (Daly). This withdrawal from the Clean Power Plan paired with the planned rollback of fuel-economy standards starting in 2020 sets the US in reverse for the fight for climate change and leaning away from clean energy sources (McMahon). Aside from the Clean Power Plan, Trump is working on dismantling many other Obama-era regulations on methane emissions and oil and gas operations, which will just further the quantity of greenhouse gases that the US produces (McMahon). Trump and most of the Republican party view Obama's Clean Power Plan as a war on coal that was waged by Obama, but in reality, it was just a push to avoid global warming from getting worse (Daly).
Since the start of Trump's presidency he has done some good things for the economy overall, but recently his actions are leading to a future filled with failure. To start he has a distorted view on today's economy and tried to flat-out deny that poverty was affecting America despite the fact that there are about 40 million American citizens that are living in poverty (Sherman). When the leader of the country is denying something that affects almost one-tenth of the population it is easy to see that the leader is not doing the best job that they could be doing, especially when it comes to something as large as the economy. Branching off from this, he also is focusing on the wrong economic classes when trying to fix something in the economy. With a recent Executive Order he was trying to help the rich or upper-class with retirement by making it so elders can keep more money in their retirement accounts longer, and because the rich usually put their money into these to avoid taxes it is giving them more power than they need (Ghilarducci). It will mean that if they do not draw from their retirement accounts they will nott have to pay taxes, and their family's tax rate will most likely be lowered (Ghilarducci). With the unnecessary power given to the rich, there is power that is also being taken away from the middle class. When the National Treasury Department released moved to put a $10,000 cap on state and local tax deductions, the states retaliated in court (Gordon). By putting the cap on some states it would result with the citizens seeing an increase in their taxes this following season, which to the upper-class does not mean much, but to the middle and lower-classes it means a lot since they may not necessarily be able to afford it(Gordon).
Aside from those aspects of the economy, his trade war with China is leading to a breakdown in the States, and this is where the economy and trade begin to blur together to create unfavorable conditions. It is easy to see that Trump's effort to scare foreign countries into yielding is not working, the biggest example being the back-and-forth of tariffs with China and the US. So they would not be beaten out by Trump, China placed a $14 billion tariff on American soybean exports that enter China's borders (Silverstein). Because of the high tariffs and the trade war between the countries it has caused American farmers to suffer since they are caught directly in the middle of it (Trump Faces Fallout). Not only are American farmers being affected, but some big companies such as Volvo are taking a big toll (Trump's Trade Policy). Because of the high cost of trade between countries the company has been considering laying off a lot of their workers, and if the current trade policy does not change by this next summer then the US is estimated to lose 700,000 jobs overall (Trump's Trade Policy). To date Trump has imposed 25% tariffs on $34 billion in Chinese technology imports and 25% on $3 billion in Chinese steel and aluminum, but that is not all there has to do with China (Brinkley). President Trump has even threatened to impose tariffs on all Chinese imports," which would essentially lead to a trade disaster if it is modeled off by how things have been going now (Brinkley). When mixed together it is seen that the tariffs will lead to rising input prices for American businesses, which means employees being given a weaker wage and therefore a weaker employment growth, which will then result in even worse retail sales and end with a large decline in economic growth (Coppola).
Other foreign relations under Trump have been a bit rough, specifically the way that he has treated and acted to other countries. He acts impulsively in most situations with other countries because of how much he embraces his nationalist views which usually ends with unpleasant results (Freedman). Puerto Rico, which is an island of US territory, is not a state of the US despite the fact that they have to abide by the laws of America, and under Trump's presidency he says they will not be granted statehood because there are some Puerto Rican citizens that are mean to him (Trump Says Puerto Rico). This not only is the wrong treatment to a situation such as the granting of statehood, but it is overall so immature because the head of the country will not even consider it for a reason as small and petty as them being mean to him. The entire nation is represented by President Trump, and when he says something such as that it shines the country as a whole in a bad light. When it comes to countries that Trump has other feuds with he has stuck by his maximum-pressure strategy, despite the fact that his national-security team's beliefs do not match up (Nasr). Trump plans to make conditions progressively worse for countries until they finally buckle under the pressure and give in to what he wants, but when this was used with China in the current trade war it just caused them to retaliate with big tariffs of their own.
Trump's treatment to countries as a whole has been bad, but the treatment of their leaders have been worse in sometimes. When Trump met with the Kenyan Leader, Uhuru Kenyatta, throughout the entire meeting he avoided questions related to the recent death of Senator John McCain and repeatedly joked with the Kenyatta during serious topics such as the Kenyan economy and the overturning of the August presidential election by Kenya's Supreme Court, which tarnished Kenyatta's image (Odula). Moving over to Russia, while Trump was talking about his upcoming meetings with NATO, the United Kingdom, and Russian President Vladimir Putin, he joked and said that Putin would be the easiest of them all (Trump Says Putin Meeting). Despite the comment being a lighthearted joke about the meeting with the Russian President, the meeting between two national leaders should not be made into a joking matter.
While Trump has made very substantial work with reaching peace with North Korea, there have been times where he has acted wrong for the situation or not done enough when he should have. While Trump has worked to get North Korea to end their nuclear program and bring an end to the tension, he is getting in a bit over his head. He has said that he respects Kim Jong Un and frankly likes him, and while he should not be saying that he hates him and is against him, he also should not be showing support for a dictator that has such tight control over a country (Wong). And while North Korea did agree to begin to denuclearize, no progress has been seen since they said it (Wilkinson). In a situation such as this Trump should be giving a bit more of a push to denuclearization, and while he did cancel Mike Pompeo's trip to North Korea after finding out there was little to no progress on denuclearization, he has not worked on doing much else (Wilkinson). Because both North Korea and the United States have been skeptical about the situation as a whole they both have been slow to work with one another, but that just gives all more the reason for Trump to work harder and tougher at reaching the peace that is so close (Jervis.)
The idea of equality is a tough one when it comes to today's world, even though in the society that we live in it really should not be. Affirmative Action is something that the Democratic and Republican parties have fought over for many years, and after certain policies were passed under Obama that affected some aspects of the college admissions process. While the law that Obama passed did not directly give colleges and universities the power to use race as a basis for admissions, it did make it a lot easier, and now Trump wants to undo that (Trump to Reverse Obama-Era). Another aspect of race that Trump is indirectly getting into is found in Chicago (Riechmann). Almost half of the population of the city of Chicago is African-American, and with Trump saying that he openly supports stop-and-frisk policing in the city it can be taken a little as a racial hit (Riechmann). While this is definitely not a direct jab at any specific race, it still is not something that he should be endorsing because every citizen is entitled to certain privacies and should not be subjected to getting stopped and frisked by police while minding their own business walking down the street.
Immigration is also a very big issue that Trump has certain ideas on and they recently have not had good results. Immigration overall is a very big deal because people entering a country without a citizenship or visa should not be happening, but the way Trump has been handling it should not be happening either. Parents who are illegal immigrants are losing their children to the adoption system and giving them such a hard time at getting them back because of the flaws that are built into the idea of it (Burke). Parents have a right to take care of their children and it should not be taken away from them, and in the instances such as illegal immigration they definitely should not be taken away and given to another family to then take months and months of work just to get them back where they rightfully should be (Burke).
While this has neither to do with domestic policy or foreign policy directly, it still is a big issue that President Trump has, and that is the way that acts as a person. To begin, Trump publically lashed out at his former lawyer, Michael Cohen, pleaded guilty to a case in violating campaign finances in coordination with Trump (Miller). After Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico, Trump claimed that the 3,000 reported deaths were completely fake and totally exaggerated while there was evidence to prove that they were all real (Trump Faces Bipartisan Backlash). After Judge Kavanaugh was approved to the Supreme Court there was talk about impeaching him, and to do that they would have to first impeach Trump, which President Trump then went on to joke about in front of a crowd after Kavanaugh's hearing (Trump Jokes About His). Lastly, when it comes to the border wall between the US and Mexico that Trump is so supportive of, he has said many times that he will get Mexico to pay for it, which will not happen (Trump Throws Fit Over). This fact along with lack of funding for a border wall in the Senate version of the Spending Bill ended with Trump throwing a fit over the border wall and how it is being paid for (Trump Throws Fit Over). When looked at past presidencies it is shown that none have ever reacted as drastically as Trump has, and overall no leader of any country should act or react in the ways that President Trump does.
Trump's presidency as a whole definitely is not a completely terrible thing for the US, as they have majorly improved some aspects of the economy and made huge steps in some areas of foreign relations. While they were able to accomplish these, they missed the mark when it came to the environment, aspects of equality, areas of the economy, immigration of the US, and the treatment and trade with foreign countries. Trump has yet to do anything drastically terrible that will ruin the United States, but he also has not done much in helping it either, and in the end has possibly just made it worse.
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Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Trump Administration. (2019, Mar 27).
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Types of Serves in Volleyball
Have you ever wondered why a volleyball moves side to side when you serve it, but it has no rotation (float serve) or why it suddenly drops when you serve it with top spin (top spin serve)? When the ball has topspin, it is because when you make contact, you snap your wrist and you follow all the way through with ur arm. This allows the air to easily move around the ball, causing it to keep its spin. As it spins, the air is pulled above it by its topspin movement. The gain of air above the ball, causes it to drop faster. When the ball floats, it is because you hit the ball with your open palm and your arm does not follow all the way through. The ball floats because the way you contact it causes no spin. The air cannot easily pass past the ball because the lack of spin causes the air to push against the ball. The force pushing the ball forward ,is pushing against the air, causing the ball to move side to side because it has no where else to go.
How difficult a serve is to receive is mostly controlled by who experienced the server is. The motions of the ball from point A (you serving it) to point B (the ball landing on the other side of the court) are affected by the air pressure around the ball, how you make contact with it, and how aerodynamic it is. A topspin serve can be easier to return then a float, but it can also be much more difficult. If i topspin serve is served correctly then it will be moving very fast and just barely make it over the net. This very low, short drop is caused by the arm swing and wrist snap of the server. When the server does this properly he or she will throw the ball in the air with two hands so they may get their arm high, next to their ear and ready to swing. As the ball drops, the server will make a forward motion with their hand and contact the ball when it is right above their head, but also a little in front of them. When they make contact, They will snap their wrist to put the spin an the ball. Then they will continue this forward arm motion, following all the way through until their serving hand is by their hip. If done correctly, the volleyball will advance towards the other side of the court, starting at a high arc, but the topspin caused by the wrist snap and follow through will force the ball to drop short on the other side of the net. This sudden drop can make the topspin serve a very difficult serve to return, but when used multiple times, it can become very predictable.
The other type of serve that is very common but can still be a struggle to return is the float serve. The float serve starts just like the topspin serve, but instead of contacting in and snapping your wrist, you keep your hand flat and open wide, as if you were giving the volleyball a high-five. Next your arm will not follow all the way through to your hip, but will stop about halfway through. This lack of spin causes the air to slow the ball down. The abnormal amount of pressure on the ball cause it to move side to side, landing in a different spot every serve. This serve is very unpredictable due to its lack of control causing it to occasionally float right over the back line. From the receiver's perspective, a float serve can look very easy to pass at first, but at the last second it could float to one side or the other, giving the other team an ace. In a volleyball game, serving is key, and if you know how to use these two serves properly, your chances of winning are so much higher. Control is the biggest part; knowing where your serve is going to land, and how you are going to serve it is the only way these serving methods will be of use to you. These two serves are very different, but also very similar in by how aggressive they are. Whether one is easier to return than the other, relies solely on the server and the tean receiving at the time.
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Types of Serves in Volleyball. (2019, Mar 27).
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