Great Ambition in Macbeth

Ambition, if genuinely pursued, can lead to many astonishing goals accomplished over a short period of time. Once we have our ambitions and progress further through them, we start to become blind of certain things we cannot see we are doing wrong. We start to have a narrow view of who we are and because you’re in your “own little fantasy”, it is hard to see any of your imperfections, corruption, or mistakes. Then, start to be in denial from people trying to correct us, tell us we are wrong for certain things, but we are so full of pride and integrity of our achievements we do not see these warnings as such, but we see it as just a ball of hatred, negativity, and envy. Until eventually all the this stress from this energy builds up and we take it out on the ones we love (or at least onced loved) or take it out on ourselves. Great ambition or lust for power ultimately bring ruin and evil can be disguised as something nice looking, blinding us from our degrading foundation until it makes us fall and not allowing us to see our mistakes or personal issues and take responsibility for those actions.

Once a person has reached a point while pursuing an ambition (or already reaching the peak of them), they (most of the time) can never realize the people who helped them to get to that point, or more importantly who they came up with to reach those goals once their there. In Shakespeare’s tragic novel Macbeth, the character Macbeth could not remember the people who gave him the extra support to go through with his idea and ambition to become king. “The, Vera 2 trusted home, might yet enkindle you unto the crown, besides the thane of Cawdor. But ‘tis strange. And oftentimes, to win us the instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray’s in deepest consequences”(Act 1, Scene 3). Banquo heard of the prophecies from the witches with Macbeth and although he saw that there could be consequences included in what the witches were saying, he still tried to help Macbeth and gave him moral support. Macbeth later ended up killing Banquo, even though Banquo was always loyal and humble to him since the beginning when Macbeth took the throne. “Come spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty”. Lady Macbeth was so proud of the good news from which Macbeth received from the witches that she started to “possess demons” (Act 1, Scene 5) (not only showing how loyal she was to Macbeth but as well as showing how evil she was) to be on their side so this prophecy could come true. It is hard for people to see their weaknesses or flaws once you have reached a certain point in your life, where they feel they have succeeded and reach the ambitions that make them happy.

When people call others out for their flaws, peoples first instinct is to immediately try to defend themselves, but sometimes they cannot look in the mirror and see that is true for themselves. “O treachery! Fly good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! Thou may’st revenge -- O slave” (Act 3 Scene 3). Here Banquo is killed by Macbeth, the effect that was provoked by Macbeth’s own envy causes one of his most loyal companions to die at his hands, Macbeth not being able to see the wrong he is doing. As the tragic story develops more and more we see Macbeth’s corruption increasing because no one steps in to tell him it's wrong, building up his corruption and eventually making everyone fear him. “O full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife” (Act 3 Scene 2). At this point in the tragedy, Lady Macbeth could have told Macbeth he was wrong for Vera 3 his envy and that he should be proud Banquo’s sons would become kings, but instead she encourages these thoughts, which is what leads to their ultimate demise. “Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee. Thy bones are marrowless; thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes which thou dost glare with” (Act 3 Scene 5). Once again, Macbeth corruption and madness is revealed again in this scene but no one in the room does anything to help him, they feel scared and helpless under Macbeth’s rule.

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Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Character Analysis

Macbeth and Lady Macbeth develop as charters overtime in the story. From normal people who have good morals who have a friend who they could trust and were generally good people. Over the time in the story, things start to change in the personality on both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. They start to become insane and do some very questionable thing, But how does it start and why did they do the things they do.

Guilt is shown throughout the story of Macbeth. Macbeth had to think a lot about the choice he making that decision and his thought are screwed by his guilty conscience. Macbeth guilt and ambition begins when he gets a prophecy from the Three Witch telling him that he would be king. The guilt and madness show at the beginning when he starts to kill people. He's guilty before when he decides to kill his best friend and after that, he's guilty because he's gone and killed his best friend and he's guilty of this crime. Another form of internal conflict is when Macbeth says, " I'm not gonna go anymore: I'm afraid to think what I've done. This shows that Macbeth regrets his decision after killing Duncan. He says he can not go back and he's afraid he's thinking about what he's done. This demonstrates that he feels guilty about what he did and can not go back in time. Another example of guilt in Macbeth is he start seeing things. “Is this a dagger which I see before me, The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible To feeling as to sight? Or art thou but A dagger of the mind, a false creation, Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?” where he hallucinates a bloody dagger, one of many supernatural portents before and after he murders King Duncan. Macbeth is so consumed by guilt that he's not even sure what's real.

The main downfall of Macbeth is his great ambitions or lust for becoming king. It starts at the same time as when his guilt does when he meets the Three Witches. This prophecy changes the Macbeth from a normal person to Macbeth’s ambitions completely alter his morals and his social skills in a sense. Macbeth is filled with the knowledge of being king Because of Macbeth’s ambitions this will result in Macbeth committing murder while completely neglecting his morals. He even asks himself as to why he thinks that murder will be the answer to his desires to be king; “All causes shall give way. I am in blood Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er.”. his thought of murder is not intentional as he questions his own imagination, rather it is caused by his natural desires and ambition, which is not under his control. In pursuit of his desires, Macbeth is completely blinded by his lust for power and discounts his morals and former traits, which ultimately bring him to his ruin.

In conclusion, guilt is displayed through various representations in the play. The theme of guilt is expressed by Lady Macbeth, through blood imagery and Macbeth’s internal conflict. Guilt is a major factor in people’s lives and will continue to haunt the characters of Macbeth for a long time. Guilt can be a result of many things, as it is a feeling that remains forever. Usually, this feeling occurs when an offense, crime, violation or wrongful act is committed. It is the feeling of responsibility for this poor action that has been committed. Macbeth commits this poor action just to be happy, but in the end, he was only left with much remorse.

"What hands are here?... They pluck out my eyes" After all Macbeth has done he wants to be blind so he cannot see what he has done. He Just wants to undo anything and everything he has done to become king. In the start of the story he was normal but after every killing, Every assassination attempt, all advances toward him getting the crown. “I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself And falls on the other” Even Macbeth he admits that there's no good reason to kill Duncan. Macbeth just wants that power for himself. This is another example that he is slowly moving towards the line of insanity, it starts to affect him throughout the story after every single murder he was responsible for. As you read the story you see signs that some are changing in Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, they both start losing sleep, start imagining things, start thinking like hungry wolves looking for some food. The prophecy that gave them a glimpse of power ultimately brought them to ruin, and the guilt that their action ultimately brought them to ruin.

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Malicious Dictators: Macbeth and Saddam Hussein

Rising to power can have two outcomes, the first outcome is the leader can be filled with well being for the community, support the policies that are bestowed upon them, and needs to find the best result for whatever decision they choose to make. The second outcome is the leader is filled with hatred and the desire for deception. They don’t care what’s best for the community, they only care about how much power and money they can always grasp in the end. They don’t care about what the policies that the people want, but to only keep the good-minded citizens quiet and obedient at all time, and if not, silenced with a cruel and unusual punishment.

Usually, when it comes to a horrible and corrupted leader, they always think that they can get away with their crimes. They have power in the grasp of their hands, they can finally manipulate and change anything that they desire to. It does not change the reality of how power corrupts if it was a king in a fictional story by William Shakespeare, or how a dictator from the country of Iraq was evil and cruel to his people for the majority of his dictatorship. Macbeth and Saddam Hussein were both malicious dictators that committed heinous crimes against people or characters while in power.

There is only one reason for their horrendous crimes, and that’s to always grasp on to their power, make sure that no one questions their authority, silence any opposers who question them on their crimes and neglect any consequences of their cruel actions. Macbeth in the story is shown to be a weak-minded, simple manipulated man who was quickly corrupted by power. The witches gave Macbeth three prophecies in which he gave little to no heed to them and blatantly thought he would be invincible and could not find any real and more profound meaning to the prophecies and only saw what he wanted. He chose to not acknowledge all the warnings specified to him and was rapidly succumbing to corruption and the desire for more power. “Although Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are powerful in their corruption, they are unable to fight against nature forever. Their sick deeds, manifested in the land, came back to haunt them literally as well as figuratively, ultimately leading to their separate demises in the form of divine retribution. Macbeth in the story will be defeated by the forces of Malcolm, who has never been with a woman, and Macduff, who “was from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped”(5.10.15-16).”(inquiriesjournal)

Which in conclusion of the story does lead to his eventual downfall and predictable demise by Macduff’s sword, ending his long and violent rule in Scotland. His corruption could have been avoidable but swallowed his humanity and good conscious into a man who became vicious with immoral power. “Corruption is something that is motivated by greed and deception. It’s a very sinister personality that controls and destroys people’s lives and makes them the kind of person other people don’t want to associate with. When a person is in power, some situations occur when they can acquire anything, lying, bribing, coning, or stealing. With these in mind, anybody in power could become a powerful foe.”(schoolworkhelper)

However, Before Macbeth had committed any of these crimes throughout the story and was ultimately executed, he was introduced to the reader at the beginning of the story as the Thane of Glamis. And due to the Thane of Cawdor performing treasonous acts against Scotland, Macbeth reached this new level of power. His wife ultimately greedy, wanted her husband to go for more power. While both he and Lady Macbeth were under Duncan’s leadership. They so violently plotted against him and ultimately chose to kill him so Macbeth would become the new king of Scotland to avenge his and Lady Macbeth's bloodthirsty desire for power.

After Duncan was assassinated by Macbeth himself with a dagger, he was officially crowned as king of Scotland. Throughout the story, Macbeth commits multiple murders and slowly goes mad with power. Macbeth assigns three murderers to kill his best friend Banquo and his son out of jealousy and fear of Banquo's children becoming future kings one day. But he uses the excuse to validate his reasons for wanting his best friend and son dead by the fact that the three murderers don't like Banquo and that he and Fleance, Banquo's son, would make unfit kings and it would only harm the murderers again.

Macbeth assassinates Duncan, his good friend and the king of Scotland. Macbeth also has lady Macduff's castle seized and kills everyone in the castle including her, her children, and every servant and anyone in the house. “So in actual fact, Macbeth never gets away with anything. In reality, he already begins to ‘feel pain’ as soon as he chooses to murder Duncan. The considerable strain brought upon by the murder ultimately cripples him. It doesn’t matter if he never got caught by the law. It matters that he paid for his crime in the end. But the events leading up to his death were more agonizing than death itself.”(hubpages)

Although, Macbeth wasn’t the only corrupted leader who used his power for all the wrong reasons. Although in history, there have been many corrupted leaders who abuse their power just because they feel like they can abuse the system that they rule and change anything they desire. When a villainous or a leader whose soul at one point was a good and brilliant person, slowly beseeched and found that a taste of power wasnt enough for them.“This is what’s striking when you bring people into the lab, and you randomly give them power. You say, “You’re in charge,” or in that case with the monopoly game, “You have more money,” or perhaps you get to evaluate other people and allocate rewards. Just the random assignment of power, and all kinds of mischief ensues, and people will become impulsive. They eat more resources than is their fair share. They take more money. People become more unethical.”(PBS) They realize that with the new authority that they have just received, the sky’s the limit with what they can achieve or get away with. They can make changes and inflict their dark perspective on whoever they command, they have an experience as though they are untouchable. They demolish other individuals lives to gain additional power through physical intimidation or political blackmail.

While destroying other people’s lives by force or political blackmail, they become oversuspicious of everybody they come into contact with. They suffer mentally with the idea that everyone is deceitful and plotting against them even though they have no evidence to prove betrayal. With this in mind, they view it as a necessity to remove as much people as they possibly can so they can keep their place in power.“While most people value fair compensation for their accomplishments, few leaders start out seeking only money, power, and prestige. Along the way, the rewards—bonus checks, newspaper articles, perks, and stock appreciation—fuel increasing desires for more. This creates a deep desire to keep it going, often driven by desires to overcome narcissistic wounds from childhood.” (hbswk.hbs)

Furthermore, When a good or bad leader is faced with a new obstacle to leap over, some of them do make the right decisions. But, some leaders think that what they are doing is right. It’s the ignorance of the leader that makes them confident in doing something and thinking they are going to do right. Which can result in poor decision making and sometimes dangerous turnouts for everyone involved. Which can be argued for Macbeth, he believed in what he was doing was for the right reasons, but was ultimately defeated in the end because of his ignorance and poor decision making. “Pattern recognition is a complex process that integrates information from as many as 30 different parts of the brain. Faced with a new situation, we make assumptions based on prior experiences and judgments. Thus a chess master can assess a chess game and choose a high-quality move in as little as six seconds by drawing on patterns he or she has seen before. But pattern recognition can also mislead us. When we’re dealing with seemingly familiar situations, our brains can cause us to think we understand them when we don’t.” (hbr)

Good leaders can make poor decisions, that doesn’t make them an absolute evil person or a malicious leader. In spite of that, when a powerful leader is completely aware of their decisions that can murder thousands of people, rip apart and annihilate families because the parents opposed the dictators rule, and now the kids of those parents will never see them again, hear their voices again, be alone for someone else to take care of them. All of these miserable horrors came to light by one evil dictator that operated in Iraq. This corrupted disgusting excuse of a leader came to be known in the history books as Saddam Hussein.

He was responsible for all of these heinous crimes again his people. Additionally, he would silence anyone who dared opposed him at any time during his twenty four year rule. Also, his political opposers were either assassinated or arrested immediately after he took office. ” During the meeting, a list of 68 names was read out loud, and each person on the list was promptly arrested and removed from the room. Of those 68, all were tried and found guilty of treason and 22 were sentenced to death. By early August 1979, hundreds of Saddam's political foes had been executed.” (Biology) Proving that, just like Macbeth, if anyone got in his way they would be executed for no reason other than that.Saddam would leave a path of destruction with numerous amount of bodies around him until no one was left standing in his way of the throne and his brutal destruction and chaos.

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Macbeth Critique

The play I chose to write my critique about is none other than Shakespeare’s shortest and most intense drama known as “Macbeth”. I personally never seen the play Macbeth but heard a lot about it throughout my high school. Shakespeare is a great playwright known for writing the very famous Romeo and Juliet and also for Macbeth. Since I knew how great of a play Romeo and Juliet was, I knew Macbeth was going to be right up there with it. I watched Macbeth on youtube and what a play it was. I actually enjoyed it and that surprised me. It was a very well written play where a once loyal soldier gets a message from some witches that he would be the King of Scotland one day and would rule Scotland. Him and his impatient wife could not wait for that and took matter into their own hands and killed their king and took over and blamed the killing on some guards.

When Macbeth seen that what the witch said came true, he went back to them for more information and was told that he should look out for an enemy “not born of woman” and he believed that was nonesene. Until he was sneak attacked by Malcolm and his army and when he was about to get murdered he was told by Malcolm that Malcolm was born by c-section and that he was not precisely speaking “born of woman”. So it was a very intense play for sure.

The play about Macbeth that I had watch was a more modernized one it had some very createful theatrical elements. First off since the play had witches in them, the director had to come up with the way to make the witches disappear from time to time. So the director had to have a gauze curtain that was transparent. And for sound design, there was voice overs used for the witches so that it could look like they are actually talking. And the lightning was designed really well, where the goal was to inject a natural light setting. Lightning poles were set to create visual effects for the audience. As for costumes go, most of the characters at the start were wearing informs since they were in a war. The King of Scotland was wearing his silky robe which assures of how wealthy he is. Macbeth costumes changed since he went from a soldier to a self appointed King. But mostly costumes were like they were from the old medieval days.

In conclusion Macbeth was a very well written play that had everything. And since I watched a modernized version, the director did very well with the theatrical elements to make it very entertaining for the audience to watch. It was a great action play that I would love to watch in a real live play.

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Violence in Macbeth

The context of violence can be interpreted in many ways. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, violence is either viewed as courageous or psychologically destructive. In the story, figures of witches come to the character Macbeth consulting him of prophecies, raising his curiosity and his ambition, which eventually lead to his downfall. Macbeth's attempt to cover his journey to fulfill these prophecies, which includes becoming king of Scotland, involves increasingly desperate acts of violence. The theme of violence is central to the development of the narrative and the characters by fulfilling the prophecies; violence manifests within.

Macbeth exemplifies a very violent man throughout the play but in this it is portrayed as courageous. The war fought in the beginning of the story after the battle is won, a bleeding soldier gallavants over Macbeth's victory, “For brave Macbeth/ Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel/ Which smoked with bloody execution/ Like valor's minion carvèd out his passage..." ( ). Because of Macbeth's admiration he starts to take pleasure in the murder of other people. Then comes the admirable Young Siward, “Thou liest, abhorred tyrant/with my sword I'll prove the lie thou speak'st” ( ). He speaks of standing up to Macbeth and killing him as a way to avenge the murders that Macbeth has caused. Eventually in battle Macbeth kills the young child but has a great significance on how the morality of violence can be interpreted in a valiant way. Also, the murder and beheading of the traitor Thane of Cawdor, "No more that thane of Cawdor shall deceive / Our bosom interest: go pronounce his present death, / And with his former title greet Macbeth” ( ), gives King Duncan an image of respect and authority. If you are able to take a man's life you are looked at as a true honorable leader. In these instances, violence can be elucidated as respectable instead of a horror.

Macbeth's desire to fulfill the prophecies leads to the murder of King Duncan, his most trusted friend and his king. Blatant murder for Macbeth a thought so far from his mind, “My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical/Shakes so my single state of man/That function is smothered in surmise/And nothing is but what is not” ( ). At first the mere thought of murder shakes Macbeth up so bad that he starts to lose his own identity. He wants to be king but he does not yet know how far he will go to get there. Then as time passes, him and his wife plan to murder duncan so he can be king. Macbeth hesitates saying, “We will proceed no further in this business/He hath honored me of late, and I have bought/Golden opinions from all sorts of people,/Which would be worn now in their newest gloss/Not cast aside so soon” ( ). Until Lady Macbeth names him a coward for not proceeding with his plan, as though a man's honor consists of the willing to commit acts of murder and violence. What beast was’t, then/That made you break this enterprise to me?/When you durst do it, then you were a man/And to be more than what you were, you would/Be so much more the man. Nor time nor place/Did then adhere, and yet you would make both” ( ). Lady Macbeth practically convinces Macbeth to go through with the plan and murder the king for his throne. The violence ends up being on her hands and effects her conscience just as it does Macbeth's. After the deed is done, he feels extremely distraught after what he has done, “To know my deed/’twere best not know myself” ( ). He essentially would rather be dead than look upon the horror that he committed. Macbeth suffocated himself with the thought and the reality of becoming and staying king; he completely lost himself with the act of one violent submission leading to another. The small seed of brutality planted in Macbeth's head sprouted into something uncontrollable.

Shakespeare infuses the play with blood and uses it symbolically throughout the story. Macbeth says, “What hands are here! Ha! they pluck out mine eyes” ( ). The idea is that the sight of the blood, the idea of murder, is so horrific it metaphorically tears his eyes out, indicating the horror and shock he feels after his actions. Macbeth suffers greatly from his guilt of his violent actions with King Duncan, being that he killed him. Not only does blood relate to Macbeth's acts but also his wife Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth is a born instigator of violence until her hands become bloody of her own and the feeling of guilt washed over her while Macbeth reigns. She envisions blood on her hands and unceasingly tries to take it off while saying, “Out, damned spot! out, I say!” ( ). Lady Macbeth wants to cleanse her hands of blood which reveals her haunting guilt over the murders that occured in her presence. Macbeth's dry acceptance in “I am in blood / Step't in so far that, should I wade no more / Returning were as tedious as go o'er” ( ), shows his cease to murder and evil. This blood metaphor relates that Macbeth has gone so far deep into acts of violence that he just plainly accepts it. Macbeth's ambition to be king treads on a bloody path just to come to the conclusion that hollow and empty enterprise of surviving to become and be king is not what he thought.

Violence is not only the linking element of the entire story but the driving force of the plot. Shakespeare explores the morality of violence and the true fight between good and evil. The violence that Macbeth causes in the lives of others fatefully impacts his own life. Violence can control the lives of everyone and become one's downfall which is the message Shakespeare portrays.

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The Supernatural Events in Macbeth

A supernatural occurrence is described as an event or thing that are assumed to come from beyond or to originate from otherworldly forces and cannot be explained by reason or science. The play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is a tragedy that highlights the danger of too much ambition without moral consciousness through the development of Macbeth’s character. The plot of the drama explores topics including, corrupt power and tyranny, gender stereotypes and the role of masculinity, and the use of faith and belief as a source of motivation. Also incorporated throughout the play are various supernatural and mythical occurrences, these are portrayed as witches, ghost, prophecies, and other examples. These Supernatural events are included in Macbeth, because of their contribution to the overall theme, and because of their relevance to each character depending on how much they believe in them. Shakespeare uses these events to highlight existing qualities in Macbeth and to show how these qualities are intensified when Macbeth is exposed to them. Some of these qualities can be identified as ambitious, greedy, malevolent, and destructive which all become exacerbated throughout the book and help show the development of Macbeth’s character.

The first mention of mythical events is at the very start of the play. It opens on page 17 to the witches huddled in a circle conversing with each other, until Macbeth and Banquo enter the scene. Each witch shouts a line at the two men “All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis! / All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Cawdor! / All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!” (1.3.51-53). This information becomes the newly formed prophecy which predicts that Macbeth will become, the Thane of Glamis, Cawdor, and future king. The two men are immediately confused and startled, why should they believe this nonsense? Only because prior to this scene, the play reveals that Macbeth was to be named Thane of Cawdor in a few short minutes, confirming the legitimacy of this mysterious prophecy. This is the very beginning of Macbeth’s strong desire for success. Here, in the beginning, Macbeth’s character is naive and passive. When the supernatural prediction begins to come true by naming him Thane of Glamis and Cawdor he says “Commencing in a truth? I am Thane of Cawdor. If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/...My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man / That function is smothered in surmise, / And nothing is but what is not” / (1.3.146-155). Macbeth asks himself why he is feeling bad if something good is happening. He talks here about how the thought of these goals as just a fantasy. It shows his true naivety when he speaks about committing murder, he explains how the mere thought “Shakes so my single state of man” (1.3.153). It seems here as if Macbeth would never commit such a horrible act because just the thought of it gravely scares him, this portrays Macbeth’s character now before the development begins. He doesn’t know yet the extent that his future self will go to, to achieve his goals.

After the prophecy is introduced Macbeth is urged to take drastic measure and murder Duncan for his benefit. Even though he has doubts occasionally, he eventually does the deed and kills King Duncan. After this Macbeth becomes even more confident and convinces a couple assassins to kill Banquo. He tells them “Fleance, his son, that keeps him company, / Whose absence is no less material to me / Than is his father’s, must embrace the fate / Of that dark hour. Resolve yourselves apart. / I’ll come to you anon” (3.2.154-158). Now Macbeth is plotting to murder more people in comparison to him before being shaken up by the mere thought of it. Not only has he murdered one person, but he is also now conspiring another homicide and is becoming insane, all because of the prophecy that he is so fixated on. He becomes determined to make it come true no matter what it takes.

Jumping ahead in the play to when the witches reappear, there is already a huge shift in his personality he has now not only killed Duncan to fulfill prophecy but has also murdered Banquo and Macduff’s family in a bloody rage. His personality has grown power hungry, desperate, even described as mentally ill. His descent into madness is displayed in his second encounter with the witches, he orders them to “answer [him]. / Though you untie the winds and let them fight. / Against the churches, though the yeasty waves. / Confound and swallow navigation up, / Though bladed corn be lodged and trees blown down, / Though castles topple on their warders' heads /...Even till destruction sicken, answer [him]./ To what [he] ask[s] [them]” (4.1.52-64). Macbeth commands them to tell him everything they know and has no regard to what the consequences are including unleashing violent winds, tearing down churches, etc. He doesn't care what it takes but he demands that they tell him his future once more. This is a huge character shift from the previous Macbeth who was scared of the thought of murder. This change is primarily due to the original prophecy and its effects, it made him yearn for power so much so that he would do anything to get it. This greed and selfishness shaped his character to become a vile human being. He had so much fixation on these events that the obsession is bringing out his inner evil and morphing his mental-state.

After Macbeth’s outburst with the witches they do end up telling him what happened he finds out that he will never be harmed by “none of woman born” (4.1.91) and he will never be defeated until “Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him” (4.1.106-107). Macbeth now puts a lot of faith into the prophecy and inflates his ego to the point where he thinks nobody will ever defeat him. In his mind it makes sense, a forest will never uproot and move and no human is not born of a woman. In his mind, this makes him invincible. This ego inflation results in another personality transformation, he becomes the most arrogant, and irrational man who believes he is immortal and will never die. He announces “Till Birnam Wood remove to Dunsinane / I cannot taint with fear. What’s the boy Malcolm? / Was he not born of woman? The spirits that know / All mortal consequences have pronounced me thus: / ‘Fear not, Macbeth. No man that’s born of woman’” (5.3.3-6) Macbeth’s newfound smugness compels him to talk to others like so as if he has nothing to fear. Macbeth’s tone here is representative of how the prophecy leads him to become conceded. His reliance on the prophecy makes him to continue to believe that he fears nothing until “Till Birnam Wood remove to Dunsinane” or he meets “a man not born of woman” This prophecy is what primarily affects Macbeth’s character to be this way because it gives him confidence that nothing will happen to him until impossible events take place.

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Why Macbeth is a Tragic Hero

A tragic hero is a person with a high social status, somebody who has a secret weakness that could eventually lead to a downfall, and when the characters life faces a downfall with courage and dignity. Generally, a tragic hero is a grievous legend that is seen as a respectable character. To go moreover, the character Macbeth happens to consist of these traits. With this in mind, I assert that Macbeth is, in fact, a tragic hero.

To begin with, Macbeth was born into a noble family. After all, he was King Duncan’s cousin. But, more importantly he was a Scottish general that served under the king. In Act 1, scene 2, Macbeth led King Duncan’s forces in to battle. Macbeth had killed Macdonwald which led their troop into victory (Shakespeare). More into scene 2, his defeat stood out to King Duncan and he granted Macbeth nobility (Shakespeare). For Macbeths loyalty to King Duncan, he was awarded to be Thane of Cawdor (Shakespeare). He was previously the Thane of Glamis; but, was practically promoted, causing his status to increase. To put into other words, Macbeth was already considered a valiant and worthy general and Duncan was astonished by his bravery, leadership, and successfulness in battle. So, King Duncan decided to ascent him into Thane of Cawdor; which, was a big deal since that position held a great amount of power.

Subsequently, Macbeth had his flaws. His biggest weakness that stood out was his strong ambition. Although, it may not seem like a weakness; but it unravels a dark side to Macbeth. In scene 3, one of the witches told Macbeth that he will soon become king (Shakespeare). Macbeth believed it since the witches had predicted that he would become a thane earlier on in the play. Anyways, Macbeths aspiration and wanting to be top dog, is more essential to him than everything else is throughout his everyday life. He will surrender everything that he has throughout to have the opportunity to sit on the position of authority. For example, in Act 1, scene 7, Lady Macbeth is trying to convince Macbeth to kill Duncan, but he is very hesitant about it because he has no reason to do so (Shakespeare). Yet, this was the start to his strong desire of power. After he went through the murder of Duncan and was awarded King of Scotland (Shakespeare), he slowly regained his conscience after a rough patch and acknowledged his strength and power. Macbeth then became fearful of his position and would do anything to stay as king, so he started to kill any potential candidates that could take that power from him. Another example would be in Act 3, scene 3, Macbeth became worried that Banquo was a threat to the throne so, he ordered three people to murder Banquo to be safe (Shakespeare). Overall, Macbeth’s heavy ambition caused him to kill for power and to soon feed off of fear in order to become more indomitable.

As a final point, Macbeth faced a large downfall with courage and dignity. Towards the end in Act 5, Malcolm starts a battle against Macbeth in Dunsinane (Shakespeare). This battle was the main decline of Macbeths power. Although, Macbeth understands that he will die but he refuses to commit suicide (Shakespeare). He claims he would rather fight until the end. On the battlefield, he encounters Young Siward and faces off with him, eventually Macbeth kills Young Siward (Shakespeare), leading him to regain courage. Later on, Malcolm came across Macbeth determined to kill him. So, Malcolm and Macbeth commence to a match. Malcolm brutally kills Macbeth, ending the battle and Malcom gaining the title of king. This is to say, he fought with dignity until his faith came to an end.

However, Macbeth does not draw any sympathy from the audience by claiming he doesn’t have time to mourn over his wife, Lady Macbeth’s death in Act 5, scene 5 (Shakespeare). Also, all the deaths like the servants he killed for his cover up, for the murder of Duncan. He insisted they were all just a part of his life. Yet, that sympathy within Macbeth varies from time. For example, when Macbeth hesitated on killing Duncan because Duncan has done nothing wrong to him and that was his cousin. He felt as if it was wrong and he wouldn’t deserve to be king after committing that crime.

To conclude, Macbeth is a tragic hero by being born into a royal family, having a tragic flaw that he didn’t acknowledge was a problem, and he faced a downfall with courage. Overall, he fits the standards of being an unfortunate hero based on Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero. Even though all the obstacles he has come a crossed, he held on to his sense of direction to reach the goal of being king.

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The Theme of Fear in Macbeth

What is fear? Why is it so impactful? Fear can be defined as “an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat” (Google). Fear is one of the most powerful emotions; it creates a paranoid, vulnerable state of mind which often leads people to making decisions that they normally would not. Many literary works incorporate fear into their themes to demonstrate how it can corrupt the way a person thinks and compel them to make irrational decisions. William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth reveals that fear is the most powerful motivating force in existence through Lady Macbeth’s use of fear to manipulate Macbeth, and the dynamic change in each of their characters throughout the course of the play.

At the beginning of Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth receives news from three witches, who claim he will be the new Thane of Cawdor and become King of Scotland. Shortly after, Macbeth indeed becomes Thane of Cawdor, which makes him confident that the witches predictions are true. After Duncan decides to make his son Malcolm heir to the throne, Macbeth questions whether or not the witches are right about him becoming the future king of Scotland and considers the fact that he could technically still be the next king if Duncan were executed. It doesn’t take long before Lady Macbeth finds out about the meeting with the witches. She sees an opportunity for Macbeth to take the throne by murdering king Duncan, but fears that he will not be man enough to actually do it. “Yet I do fear thy nature: it is too full o’ the milk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it” (1.5.16-20). Lady Macbeth knows her husband is afraid of her disapproval. She uses this to her advantage by telling Macbeth she doubts his ability to go through with the plan to murder King Duncan. T

he last thing Macbeth wants to do is disappoint his wife; he might be afraid of killing the king, but he’s even more afraid of what Lady Macbeth thinks of him. As if questioning Macbeth’s manhood wasn’t enough to convince him to get the deed done, Lady Macbeth goes on to tell Macbeth he should act like the innocent man he his to conceal his true intentions. “Look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t” (1.5.56-58). At this point, it is obvious that Lady Macbeth knows murder is not in Macbeth’s nature. Rather than considering her husband’s morals, she continues to encourage him to go through with the plan. Further into Act 1, Macbeth approaches his wife to tell her he’s having second thoughts about killing Duncan and questions what will happen if their plan fails; this doesn’t sit right with Lady Macbeth. “We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, and we’ll not fail.” (1.7.59-61). Once again, Lady Macbeth makes Macbeth question his manliness for not wanting to murder Duncan which makes him doubt the way he’s feeling. Macbeth doesn’t want to betray his cousin who trusts him and cares about him but he feels pressured to prove himself as a man. When Macbeth thinks he’s seeing a dagger which leads him to Duncan's bedroom, he feels compelled to kill him. Lady Macbeth’s plan seems to have been executed practically perfectly, besides a few details that she takes into her own hands. This sequence of events shows how Lady Macbeth uses Macbeth’s fear of her disapproval to manipulate him into murdering King Duncan, which proves that fear can influence people to make decisions which are not in their true nature.

After murdering King Duncan, Macbeth’s paranoia sets in almost immediately. He tells Lady Macbeth about the dagger he saw before going into the king’s room and the voices he thought he heard. Lady Macbeth warns her husband that if he thinks too much about what he has done, he will go crazy, but Macbeth is already struggling to think and act normally. When Duncan’s death is revealed to the rest of the characters, Macbeth kills the guards that him and Lady Macbeth framed as the killers to make himself appear loyal to the king and to ensure that the guards could not attempt to prove their innocence. Duncan’s two sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, flea to England and Ireland in fear that they may be killed next, but this makes them look guilty. For now, Macbeth is in the clear and he is named the new King of Scotland. Banquo becomes suspicious of the witches’ prophecies and starts to wonder if Macbeth had anything to do with them coming true. Macbeth, already paranoid, begins to fear that Banquo may know what he has done. “Our fears in Banquo stick deep, and in his royalty of nature reigns that which would be feared.” (3.1.50-55). Macbeth remembers the witches saying he would become king but that Banquo’s descendants would follow after him. He understands that this means his future children would not inherit the throne, but the children of Banquo would. Macbeth becomes terrified at the thought of having murdered the king just to have someone else’s children take the throne after him; he decides to take matters into his own hands once again, and have Banquo and his son killed. Macbeth convinces two murderers to kill Banquo and Fleance in secret.

The murderers kill Banquo, but Fleance escapes. Macbeth is ecstatic to hear that Banquo has been executed, but the thought of Fleance still being alive makes him feel trapped by the fear of losing his crown. Determined to get more information, Macbeth goes back to the witches and demands answers. First Apparition says, “Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! beware Macduff; Beware the thane of Fife” (4.1.77). After hearing this, Macbeth becomes even more fearful of Macduff; he is convinced that he needs to kill him immediately to get rid of his troubles and fears. Macbeth soon discovers that Macduff ran away to England and decides to kill his family instead. At this point, Macbeth is desperately trying to secure his title as king. His actions clearly show that his morals have completely changed. In the beginning, Macbeth was hesitant about murdering Duncan; he did not want to betray his leader. Once the evil deed was done, the evil within Macbeth only grew. He has become a tyrant leader who no longer feels ashamed of his actions. Macbeth’s fear of losing power controls his thoughts and actions; he is now willing to murder anyone who stands in the way of his power. This drastic change in Macbeth’s character shows how fear can corrupt a person’s mind and motivate them to do the unthinkable.

In England, Malcolm and Macduff discuss the disastrous state of Scotland. After Ross informs Macduff that his wife and children have been killed under the orders of Macbeth, he is even more prepared to get his revenge. Malcolm agrees to help Macduff save his country and tells him he has already arranged for England to help them. The leader of the English army and 10,000 of their soldiers follow Malcolm and Macduff to Scotland in hopes of defeating the evil Macbeth. Back at Macbeth’s castle in Dunsinane, Lady Macbeth has been seen acting suspiciously by a gentlewoman who works for her. Unsure of what to do, the gentlewoman reports Lady Macbeth’s strange behavior to a doctor, “Since his majesty went into the field, I have seen her rise from her bed, throw her night-gown upon her, unlock her closet, take forth paper, fold it, write upon’t, read it, afterwards seal it, and again return to bed; yet all this while in a most fast sleep.” (5.1.5-9). Lady Macbeth is beginning to feel guilty for the murder of Duncan and the murders that followed; after all, she did push Macbeth to kill Duncan knowing it was not in his nature.

As Lady Macbeth realizes that she is responsible for most of her husband’s wrong-doings, she becomes overwhelmed with paranoia and guilt. The woman who once thought her and Macbeth were untouchable, has been driven to insanity. “Out, damned spot! Out, I say!—One, two. Why, then, ’tis time to do ’t. Hell is murky!—Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?—Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him.” (5.1.32-35). Lady Macbeth has gone mad to the point that her mind is creating visuals which do not exist. She imagines the blood of King Duncan on her hands and is incapable of washing it off. The fear of living with the guilt that she’s been carrying around for the rest of her days begins to consume her thoughts and control her life. Right before Macbeth goes to battle he is informed that his wife, the Queen, is dead. Shakespeare does not specify the cause of Lady Macbeth’s death, but it appears as if she has taken her own life. At the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is the more evil of the two Macbeths. She pressures Macbeth into murdering the king and encourages his sinful behavior. Eventually, she realizes the severity of her actions and loses her sanity. The way Lady Macbeth’s character shifts from being manipulative and ill-intentioned to fearful of her own thoughts proves how powerful fear can be.

William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Macbeth demonstrates the theme that fear is a powerful motivator which can lead people to making unimaginable decisions. Lady Macbeth utilizes fear to make her husband go against his morals and murder King Duncan. As the play progresses, Macbeth faces some obstacles which make him fearful of losing power. Macbeth’s character undergoes drastic change; he goes from being a noble, well-respected man, to being the most evil tyrant leader Scotland has ever seen. As Macbeth becomes a different man, his wife soon realizes that she is the one to blame for the poor choices he has made since taking the throne. The fear that Lady Macbeth faces after coming to realization that she would have to live with her guilt forever affects her everyday behavior and permanently scars her. Shakespeare’s play reveals that fear leads to corruption, irrational thinking and even insanity.

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Macbeth Vs. Kanye West

Macbeth has many characteristics that relate to Kanye West. Macbeth ignored society’s laws values and betrayed people to fulfill his ambition and Kanye did the same. Some of Kanye's songs can be related to the way Macbeth felt or what he was going through at a part of the play, ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare.

In the play, Macbeth wanted to become king and have power by killing King Duncan. Though he was supposed to be loyal to the king and be respectful. Macbeth decided to betray the king. He was told that he would become king by the three witched and that he had to be patient. However, Macbeth was able to gain power sooner. He did this by killing the king and his family, Macbeth also ended up killing his friend Banquo because he was scared of being caught after killing the king.

Kanye West has betrayed quite a few of his friends and celebrities to gain more fame. One person he recently betrayed was Drake. Drake mentioned on a show The Shop, he and Kanye met in the studio before they were going to release their albums. They played parts of their songs for each other and Kanye wanted to take Drake to Wyoming, so Drake went. Drake went on saying that most of the time he was helping Kanye with his music instead of working on his own music. They also talked about personal things and what some of their songs on the album mean a few days later the news about Drake’s son, which he told Drake about, was out along with Kanye's release date for his album, which was close to Drake’s album Scorpion. Kanye also humiliated Taylor Swift during the Video Music Awards in 2009. Kanye interrupted her while she was giving her speech after receiving an award by going on the stage. Kanye said that Beyonce deserved the award more than her, embarrassing her.

A song by Kanye that relates to Macbeth is ‘Power’. Macbeth chose the unforgiving route to attain his authority. “Reality is catchin' up with me, takin' my inner child, I'm fighting for it, custody, with these responsibilities that they entrusted me, as I look down at my diamond encrusted piece, thinkin', no one man should have all that power, the clock's tickin', I just count the hours, stop trippin', I'm trippin' off the power 'Til then, f*ck that, the world's ours.” In the song, Kanye talks about the burden of power, expressing the glory and its danger. Both Kanye and Macbeth represent how power is desirable but consuming, they also show how power has its desructive side-effects.

In Act IV scene 1, when Macbeth visits the witches and asks them about the prophecy. The witches plan to trick Macbeth into a fabricated sense of security, this scene convinces Macbeth that he is actually unbeatable. The song ‘Power’ by Kanye is a fitting song for Act IV. In Act IV Macbeth learns from the witches that he is unstoppable, or so he thinks. He is told “…for none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth,” (IV.i.80-81). From this Macbeth feels less vulnerable, because he thinks no man can exist that isn’t born of a woman. The way Macbeth feels in this part of Act IV is how Kanye wants his listeners to feel when they listen to his song.

Macbeth has many characteristics that relate to Kanye West. They both ignored society and betrayed many people to gain more fame. They both want power and want to feel unstoppable and will do what it takes to get it. Macbeth did this by killing the king and his family, he also ended up killing his friend Banquo because he was scared of being caught after killing the king. Kanye humiliated Taylor Swift by interrupting her while she was receiving an award at an award show.

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Desire for Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely: Lady Macbeth’s Character Analysis

In the 19th century, British Politician became known for a famous excerpt from a speech “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad men.” This quote is conveying that has a persons power grows their sense of morality diminishes. At the beginning of the play Macbeth by Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth has a penchant for power and will stop at nothing to become queen. Yet, as the play progress, the atrocities that she and her husband have committed weigh too heavily upon her heart. From her bouts of sleepwalking to her constant referencing of blood, becomes apparent that it was too much for her to handle. Lady Macbeth’s lust for power and unfettered ambition leads to her emotional deterioration and ultimate demise, proving that her desire for absolute power corrupts absolutely.

With very few exceptions, no character in any of Shakespeare's plays undergoes such a radical devolution as that which transforms Lady Macbeth from a nearly superhuman character in the first Act of “Macbeth” into a sleep-walking, nervous parody of the confident woman she once was, by the start of Act V. When we first see Lady Macbeth on stage, she is a commanding character. She conveys her intention to realise her dark ambitions in language that is as unforgettable as it is frightening: “The raven himself is hoarse...To cry "Hold, hold!" (Act 1, Scene 5, lines 27-48). But, after her ineffective efforts to control Macbeth's reaction to the Ghost of Banquo in Act III, scene iv., Lady Macbeth virtually disappears from the play. We hear of her again at the start of Act V when a doctor and one of her ladies in waiting discuss her insomnia, but this hardly prepares us for the ghostly figure who next appears. As Lady Macbeth enters sleepwalking, uttering words that are laden with guilt and a pathetic longing for the comfort of her absent husband we are reminded of the just how corrosive the effects of power are. Even before Macbeth is told by Seyton that Lady Macbeth is dead (Act V, scene iv), we recognise that she is no longer herself. She has become merely a shadow, a living ghost, haunted by the memories of the night that changed her life forever.

We first see Lady Macbeth in Act I, scene v, alone and reading a letter from her husband that speaks about his meeting with the weird sisters and their prophecy that he will become Scotland's king. Lady Macbeth issues no response to Macbeth's account of events. She focuses instead on the prospects for Macbeth's acting to fulfil the prediction and concludes that he may be “too full of the milk of human kindness” to carry out the required deed of killing Duncan. Her determination to remove any obstacle that prevents him from realising his ambition and potential is captured in her unforgettable summons to him: "Hie thee hither, | That I might pour my spirits in thine ear, | And chastise with the valour of my tongue | All that impedes three from the golden round, | Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem | To have thee crown'd withal" (I, v., ll.25-29). Even at this early stage in her engagement with power, her desires seem similar with those of the weird sisters, but Lady Macbeth's invocation is far more powerful and disturbing in its language than the inarticulate (but cunning) statements of the witches. However, Shakespeare provides us with a number of subtle clues to an underlying vulnerability in her character. Learning that King Duncan is coming to their castle and thereby providing an opportunity to kill him, she finds it necessary to call upon “spirits” to “unsex” her;(I, v, ll.46-51). While the speech resembles Macbeth's "stars hide your fires" speech in the prior scene, it is most memorable for the insights it provides us into her character. In particular, we notice that Lady Macbeth fails to consider that "compunctious visitings of nature" might return to haunt her after the crime has been committed, and that furthermore her frightening change of who she is will alter her natural bond with Macbeth.

After Lady Macbeth has ceremonially drained all feminine kindness from her spirit, Macbeth enters, and she tells him that Duncan must be "provided for," the innuendo being that he must be murdered. He puts her off, saying that they shall speak about the matter later, but Lady Macbeth does not use the word murder, referring to it instead as "this enterprise." Since she has already spoken openly about the plot kill Duncan with her husband, some moral inhibition must be preventing Lady Macbeth from from actually saying the word murder. Of course, things do not go as planned. Not only does Macbeth fail to carry out her instructions concerning the placement of the murder daggers, the blame does not fall upon Duncan's guards but upon Malcolm and Donalbain, the king's two sons, who have fled the scene. At the midpoint of the play, in Act III, scene ii, Lady Macbeth worries aloud, asks a servant whether Banquo is gone from the castle, and then sends him with a message for King Macbeth. For the first time in the play Lady Macbeth hints at the extent of what the murder has cost them,saying in a soliloquy:

"Nought's had, all's spent/ Where our desire is go without content; 'Tis safer to be that which we destroy/Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy" (III, ii., ll.4-7). When Macbeth enters, she chastises him for leaving her alone and then advises him to "sleek over" his "rugged looks," and be "bright and jovial" at banquet. (III, ii. ll. 27-28). He first advises her to do the same and then says that she should remain ignorant of his plans to dispose of Banquo and Fleance. In the banquet scene itself, Lady Macbeth is unable to rein in her husband's guilty horror at seeing Banquo's ghost, and although she is under incredible pressure her handling of the guests does leave much to be desired.

Lady Macbeth is absent for most of the latter part play and her reappearance at the opening of Act V is foreshadowed by the worried comments of her doctor and one of her gentlewomen. As she enters silently, the two refer to her behaviour as if she no longer existed. They note her compulsive habit of washing her hands, and, consistent with this diagnosis, the first words that she speaks are "a spot." We soon realise that in her own mind, Lady Macbeth's hands are unclean and that she simply cannot command an imagined "damn'd spot" to disappear. Completely oblivious to those around her, she transfers this symptom of guilt to Macbeth, saying "Wash your hands, put on your nightgown, look not so pale. I tell you yet again, Banquo's buried; he cannot come out on 's grave" (V, i., ll.62-64). Macbeth, of course, is not present, for he has gone to the battlefield, but in her final speech, Lady Macbeth's desire for conjugal partnership comes forth, as she says to her imagined husband, "To bed, to bed, there's knocking at the gate. Come, come, come, come, give me your hand. What's done cannot be undone. To bed, to bed, to bed" (V, i., ll.66-68). In Act V, scene iii, Macbeth commands the doctor to cure his wife, but the doctor wisely replies, "Therein the patient must minister to himself" (V, iii, l.45), and shortly thereafter Macbeth is told of his wife's death, presumably as a result of suicide.

Looking back, after the murder of the King, Macbeth withdraws from his marital relationship to Lady Macbeth and no longer relies upon his wife's capacity to interpret events for him. He keeps his plans to have Banquo and Fleance killed from her, saying to his one-time partner, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck | Till thou applaud the deed" (III, ii, ll.50-51). By the banquet scene of Act III, Lady Macbeth is no longer part of her husband's world, he no longer needs her as a spur to ambition. Deprived of her function in directing Macbeth's actions, Lady Macbeth is left alone and isolated. Long before Macbeth concludes that “life is a tale told by an idiot”, Lady Macbeth, no longer a wife nor even a natural woman, has entered into a twilight realm in which there is no active role for her to perform nor any means through which guilt can be extinguished.

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Symbolism and Motifs in Macbeth

In any story the use of symbolism helps create meaning and emotion to convey the message behind that story while a motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story. William Shakespeare, the author of Macbeth, uses an array of symbolism and motifs in Macbeth. However, blood is one of the most prominent and well used motifs in the play. As blood is usually the symbol for violence or death in real life, it is used in addition, as a different type of symbol in Macbeth. Blood will not only convey the idea of death and murder but also the idea of guilt. Shakespeare also used blood to symbolize the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and the guilt they suffered. The first glimpse of Macbeth makes reference to him being a killer who takes others’ lives for personal gain, many see this as a foreshadowing of the bloodier things to come in the rest of the story. The placement and location of blood juxtaposes where Macbeth and Lady Macbeth would like to place the blame for the murders and where the responsibility is actually confined. The appearance of blood makes allusions to the text to reveal their uncontrollable, self consuming guilt.

Blood plays a key role for the foundation of Macbeth as it is mentioned in every act of the play. The use of blood in Act I appeared in a conversation between Duncan and the Captain which was a foreshadowing to Macbeth’s bloodthirsty nature and his ruthlessness in committing murder. Blood makes their conversation more serious because blood represents fight or war. This mention of blood shows Macbeth and his willingness to kill, which then hints at the future of the play. It also represents the captain’s bravery even in the current state he was in. Not only did it signify bravery but it gave presence to Macbeth’s heroic qualities. The allusions to blood don’t take away from the actual purpose of blood, which is a source of life and places a vital role in keeping us alive. As displayed, in order for blood to be a motif it has to be introduced and then continue to escalate in the play. Shakespeare makes sure he uses the motif, blood, not only to convey one central idea but several. Even though we see blood as an image of death, the use of blood in the first seen is used to balance out the negative connotations of blood that are still to come in the next four acts.

The images of blood portrayed in the second act can be taken in a literal and figurative sense. The first use of blood appears in the soliloquy in scene one. Macbeth questions himself on the fact if the dagger is and image of his mind or a false creation. A bell is rung at the end of the scene and is a reminder to him that the things he is about to commit will either take him into heaven or hell. Lady Macbeth's role comes into fruition in scene two when she states that she would have the courage to kill Duncan but she did not because she resembled her father while she was sleeping. After Macbeth killed Duncan, per her request, he appeared in front of Lady Macbeth with bloody hands and is instructed to wash it with water and put the evidence at the servants pillows so that they would take the blame for killing Duncan. For Macbeth and Lady Macbeth the blood represents their crime, and they can not escape the sin of their actions. Macbeth knows what he has done has been to a good king and he may not be able to live up to the expectations. In time Macbeth comes to a realization that he will get what he deserves. However he can not rid himself of guilt anymore and admits himself that all the water in the ocean could not cleanse his hands. Macbeth believes his actions from the murder will stain the ocean red, because of the blood spilt on his behalf. In scene three Macbeth notices Donalbain has a pale face because the fountain of your blood is stopped and Lennox reports the imagery of blood in the hands and faces of the servants. Still in Act two Macbeth feels no guilt becuase he is still putting his servants at blame. Banquo refers to Duncan’s murder as the most bloody piece of work. In the end of the act Macbeth, Malcom, and Donalbain are suspicious of the killing of Duncan because of how ambitious and were bribed.

Act three has limited allusions of blood but it still gets the point of guilt across. With the use of blood in scene one Macbeth refers to Banquo. “Bloody distance” is used to show that Macbeth considers Banquo a threat, but it also represents the danger that is yet to come. The next blood appearance does not come until scene four. Blood is used as a foreshadowing for a tragedy that might continue to happen. When they said “blood will have blood” it means that the people they have killed will have their revenge. Although there are only two uses of blood in Act III it plays a larger role.

Just like act three act four is limited in the mentions of blood, but deep with its meanings. During Act IV Macbeth is plagued with different types of apparitions, at this point Macbeth can feel the guilt. The witches make the apparitions to give Macbeth a glimpse into his future. The second apparition of the bloody child is to inform Macbeth that no one who was born form a woman can hurt him. This shows that blood represents badness and sadness. Foreshadowing comes into play again when Shakespeare continues to foreshadow the bad mood that will continue to loom over into the next few scenes and acts. During the second apparation blood is mentioned again to tell Macbeth to be cruel and cold blooded which lets the audience know that Macbeth will also act cruel. The last mention of blood comes between Macduff and Malcom discuss Macbeth. The sentence about blood means that they agree that Macbeth is a brutal person. Shakespeare will continue to point out how brutal Macbeth really is. Again with the dual uses of blood, Shakespeare adds a little tension to the scene because blood always seems to be connected to bad things. Despite the little uses of blood, it gives readers an insight on what will happen next.

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Analysis of Poem “The Friend” by Marge Piercy

In the poem “The Friend” by Marge Piercy, the speaker expresses the most common scenario when people seek acceptance and affection from others even though they may not want to have any type of affiliation by their a yearning. The poem seems to represent conversations between friends; the tone of this poem is serious and cold, reflecting on love which starts when the two character ask informal questions.

My friend and I have a discussion at the dinner table. He jokes with me as he used to in our childhood. We ask informal questions and he teases me about my body; that is a painful thing he says to me. I can accept all his requests, and the last thing I confess to him is that I love him. His answer is that he is willing to be loved and accept it from me. Again, he continues the conversation by teasing me about my body.

The speaker of this poem seems to have a feminine voice because the main point of this poem deals with the most common scene that women at that time had to suffer, striving for other’s acceptance. The author creates a persona to be the voice of this poem to reflect woman’s suffering; because Piercy is the woman who works as an associate in the Women’s Institute for Freedom of the Press to connect the woman with the society community based on media in 1977 (Wikipedia). The reader of “The Friend” is for women all over the world, especially the wife or girlfriend in the love relationships. Through the poem, they can understand about the sacifying in love and the desire to make the other’s happiness.

The first stanza starts with one person telling for his friend to “cut off your hands”, he pokes fun at her body. The tone in this requirement is cold and blunt. Moreover, the next requirement he asks her is to “burn your body./ It is not clean and smells like sex” (Piercy 8-9); such lines paint the picture in the reader’s mind of how the man in the poem views the woman who is dirty and covered with impurities. He says hurtful statements to his friend to get her to leave him alone; however, it doesn’t work, and she only says yes. In spite of the joking, the last thing the two friends talk about is loving. His friend confesses to him “I love you”; he only says “That’s very nice.” (Piercy 11-12). He doesn’t say that he loves her back; he asks again about her hands. The woman in this poem is desires to be loved and accepted by her lover, and it makes the man think that his lover will do anything that he requires of her.

The presence in this poem is the action of the author. In the meeting, the man is present at the table with his friend, but his mind is not present in the conversation. That means his friend’s love is not present in his heart. Sometimes, he just starts their communication by joking at her body because he doesn't care about what his friend thinking; this is also a reflection of his mind in that he wants her to leave him alone. The man in the poem aims to make her weak and make his presence dominant in the relationship. In my experience, this type of relationship looks like unrequited love more than friendship because real friends don’t behave in a painful manner or play harmful pranks and they remind their beloved friend that they appreciate to be their friends. Moreover, I believe that these two people sitting at the table have very different feelings for one another. It seems as if the man doesn’t care about the woman and is exploiting her emotions to get her to do what he wants. However, the woman in this poem wants to be loved and she is willing to do anything for her love.

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“Mother to Son” and “If”: Poems Analysis

Most poems published are likely to have a specific meaning. The poems “Mother to Son” and “If” have two strong themes throughout them, and are likely to be compared and contrasted. Most of the challenged people in the world can use these poems for motivation and perseverance. The message from both of the poems are there an always going to be shortcomings in the road of life, but you have to keep striving through them.

The poem “Mother to Son” informs the reader about an African-American mother life, referred as a symbolic staircase. The poem shows how hard her life was by saying, “It’s had tacks in it,/ And splinters,/ And boards were torn up,/ And places with no carpet on the floor-/ Bare” (Hughes 3-7). The other poem “If” informs the reader that everything and everyone around a human being will try to tear them down. They just have to keep fighting in push through it. If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,/ But make allowance for their doubting too; (Kipling 3-4). One major similarity is both authors write a message to inspire their son. The title of Langston Hughes poem lets the reader know the narrator is talking to her son. In Rudyard Kipling’s poem the author mention, “And—which is more—you’ll be a Man, my son!” (32).

Another similarities, are the authors had very similar lives at one point in time. Their lives were very repulsive at the beginning. Rudyard Kipling life suddenly got turned upside down when his mother sent him to live with a foster family, that beat and terrorized him at a young age. Langston Hughes life had a different hard life, then Rudyard Kipling. Langston Hughes was not physically abused but economically. His mother was like most African-American parents, she was a single mom, his father was not in his life due to him living in Mexico.

A tone in a poem is defined as an attitude of the author, or a certain viewpoint on a specific subject. The tones in both poems are similar but somewhat different. In the poem “If” the tone is instructive, the speaker of the poem is a father. The father through the story giving his son steps on being successful in the world. In the poem “Mother to Son” the tone is buoyant, but is also instructive. The mother shows her son to be buoyant by not getting down on himself and always fight through the toughest times. She mentions, “So boy don’t you turn back./ Don’t you set down on the steps” (14-15).

The structure of the two poems of are different, the structure of a poem means the rhyme scheme and the way it’s written. A rhyme scheme of a poem known as the ordered pattern of rhymes towards the end of lines of a poem or verse. The poem “If” has four stanzas with eight rhyming lines, containing the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd. The poem “Mother to Son” has the written structure known as free verse, and it has no rhyme scheme. Both poems also have imagery. Imagery is visually graphic or figurative language, most likely in a literary work. “If” uses some visual words such as: “worn-out tools”, “crowds”, and “dreams”; “Mother to Son” uses some visual words also such as: “crystal stairs”, “boards torn up”, “dark”, and “bare”.

In conclusion, after reading and analyzing the poems, “If” and “Mother to Son”, there are many similarities and differences between the two. The similarities include the tone of the poem, the events of the author's life at specific points, and the theme of each poem. The differences include the structure of each poem, the rhyme schemes, and the different tones. The main point of each poem is that no matter the circumstance, or the trial and tribulation anyone can overcome the situation that is faced. The authors also inspire the readers by their early life struggles and no matter the readers' nationality or race, they can rise up to be successful at anything they do.

Works Cited

“What Is the Tone of the Poem ''Mother to Son''?” Enotes.com , Enotes.com, www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-tone-poem-mother-son-79099 . “What Is the Tone and Mood of the Poem ‘If’ by Rudyard Kipling?” Enotes.com , Enotes.com, www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-tone-and-mood-poem-by-rudyard-kipling-44779 3 . “What Is the Style of the Poem ‘IF’ by Rudyard Kipling?Can You Explain It with Examples Attached to It?” Enotes.com , Enotes.com, www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-style-poem-by-rudyard-kipling-65319 .

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Analysis of Poem “There is a Girl Inside” by Lucille Clifton

In the poem “There is a girl inside” by Lucille Clifton, the poet is speaking about the wonder and allture that comes from being a young girl and her desire to live in youth again. Through the poem, the author leaves a message for the reader that she hope every woman never think of themselves as an old woman. The poem is hopeful because it is an older person remembering the freedom of youth. She compares aging with nature image in the poem; her tone is more powerful and hopeful to shows for the audience how the women desire to the freedom in society.

In the first stanzas, there is a girl inside every woman. She still has her youth which is vigorous and within the aged body. The young spirit is powerful even though the old woman is not physically, the old woman will not leave her life and wonder it in old woman body; she will live fully everyday with the her youth.

The target audience in this poem is all the woman, especially the old woman who still live in youth soul. Likewise, the speaker is an old woman, and she is still young and vital inside herself and the girl in this poem is the speaker’s true self. Clifton is the speaker as well as the author of this poem; as an old woman, she understands the psychology of the woman. She emphasize the ideas of old age; especially towards women; she wants to encourage the women over the world about power, a time of new beginnings, of rebirth, of wildness which always exists in their souls.

Using phrases like green tree, second coming, blossom, she uses nature to compare with youth, aging, and the revival of youth in old age. This also elaborates the gap between age and youth as well as the difference in the woman’s inner and outer presence. Moreover, in the first and second stanzas, the “girl’ in the poem tries to break herself out of her outside appearance of an old woman to become the “green girl”; to contrast, the author use the word “used poet” to remind herself that her outer self is the older woman with her younger self inside like a “green tree” young, fresh and new. In the third stanzas, “she has waited patient as a nun/ for the second coming,” the speaker succeeds when she uses “the second coming” to connect with youth or the revival of youth; it seems her youth, in spite of her “gray hair,” will “blossom”, it reminds the reader of the rebirth of Jesus Christ. The “girl inside” of an woman in the “used poem” dies and rebirths for the “second coming” in the old aging.

The focus of this poem is the conflict between the woman and nature; the woman imagines that nature is where she wants to be reborn. In nature, the tree can reborn from season to season; however, the human is only to have one life. Moreover, this is the conflict between the youth and the aging language in this poem. The author uses “girl” and “randy” to show the freedom of the woman in aging, compared with “bones” and “gray hair” to represent the anti-aging of the woman. Thus, the images of nature and the character’s appearance are completely different. This comparison causes for the audience member in the confuse about the desire of the character; she wants to become youth but she still wants to keep the anti-aging appearance of herself. She always accept the truth of her aging presence but she desires to get freedom of the youth.

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Analysis and Comparison of Ulysses and the Sirens and “Siren Song”

Introduction

In the human experience, it is so easy to fall for simple tricks that seem like acts of kindness.

One way to prove this is the mythological creature the siren. The sirens sing a beautiful song, which seems like an act of kindness, but they sing it for evil. The song traps sailors on an island where they die.

In the painting Ulysses and the Sirens, John William Waterhouse uses the scene of Sirens trying to mesmerize Odysseus’ crew to show that it is easy for humans to get distracted by their problems and become easily overwhelmed, while in “Siren Song”, Margaret Atwood uses the same scene to show that humans often get deceived by people who seem kind, but actually hope for the worse.

Poetry Analysis

The poem by Atwood takes place in the thoughts of a siren. Whoever hears the siren song dies, but the speaker is tired of singing it. She is claiming that the song is a call for help, but this could easily be another trap

In the poem, the speaker states, “This song is a cry for help: Help me!” (Atwood 22)

In conclusion, the speaker is saying she is trapped and has no escape, we will never know whether this is just another trap or if she is being honest.

Research about the Poet

  • Atwood was born in Ontario, Canada on November 18, 1939. She started writing at the age of 5. Since then, she has written 27 poems. Not only has she achieved this much, she also earned a master’s degree in English Literature from Radcliffe COllege in 1962. Her poems all basically have the same theme, which is human behavior. Out of all of her achievements, her best was probably winning the PEN Pinter Prize for the spirit of political activism in 2016.
  • Atwood is a very experienced and encouraging writer. She claims that the only reason the female characters in her poems are suffering is because every woman she has talked to about personal experiences has suffered.

In conclusion, Atwood is a great role model for anyone who is looking for a future in writing. Not only is she a great writer, her poems are very inspirational and interesting.

Painting Analysis

  • The mood of the painting can be described as overwhelming, which demonstrates the idea that Odysseus’s crew is overwhelmed with stress.
  • The poem demonstrates stress in comparison to human experiences by showing the sirens as problems, and Odysseus’s crew as the humans being overwhelmed by their problems. The sirens are tempting and deceiving, while the crew is trying their best to not fall for the trap, it is very hard for them which causes stress.
  • In conclusion, the artist is trying to show that humans have to use all of the strength they have to avoid their temptations. Even though the sirens are singing as beautifully as they could, the crew thought ahead of time and planned for temptations.

Research About the Artist

  • John William Waterhouse lived a very fulfilling life. He was born on April 6, 1849. He produced over 200 paintings in his whole lifetime. The paintings by Waterhouse depicted scenes of tragedy, betrayal, and love. Sadly, Water house died at the age of 68 due to cancer. His last painting made was titled The Enchanted Garden.
  • Even though Waterhouse had cancer, he still continued to perservere with his painting and he ended up being very succesful.
  • In conclusion, Waterhouse worked hard and it payed off in the end of things, no matter what age he was, he was still very prosperous.

Theme that Connects Poem and Painting

  • The main theme that connects the poem and painting is deception.
  • The sirens are very deceptive creatures just simply by singing. In both the painting and the poem, the sirens are singing and tricking sailors who pass by simply using flattery.
  • In conclusion, the painting and poem both have a very universal theme, which is to not fall for simple temptations.

Conclusion

  • In the painting Waterhouse uses the scene of Sirens trying to mesmerize Odysseus’ crew to show that it is easy for humans to get distracted by their problems and become easily overwhelmed, while in “Siren Song”, Atwood uses the same scene to show that humans easily get deceived.
  • The painting and the poem both express the idea that humans are easily tricked by small obstacles or even each other.
  • Both the painting and the poem had two different moods, yet they still have the same theme. The painting has a mood that shows stress, however the poem has a mood of sadness. The theme of these two pieces of art is deception.
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The Analysis of Robert Frost’s Poem the Telephone

Through carefully balanced figurative language and similes, Robert Frost’s poem, “ The Telephone,”highlights the significance of human nature by leaving an impact upon the reader, while allowing them to make any type of interpretation of the poem.

First, from what I was able to interpret, Frost made it seem as if the speaker and his current spouse got into a disagreement, constraining the speaker to walk away in hopes of not saying something he may regret later. For example, Frost begins the poem by claiming how the speaker “was just as far as [he] could walk from here today” (1-2). The narrator looks as though he feels a misconception in the relationship with his spouse, but soon senses their familiar touch for romance is slowly dying out. There is a reconnection between the speaker and his significant other as the speaker claims to have heard the woman’s voice while walking through nature, trying to get his mind off of what might have happened. However, this poem does create a lot of imagery, as I am able to paint a picture in my head of the setting, which is filled with conflicts, as the speaker is ashamed of himself because he ran away from the situation as well as the woman whom he loves. He cannot help but stop and think about her, making it seem as if the narrator might be trapped in the past and doesn’t know how to proceed in the future.

Next, the narrator expresses dramatic, yet somber tone, as he feels neglected from unreciprocated feelings made from his significant other. The narrator also uses figurative language, when referring to a past encounter with the woman he loves. For instance, the narrator asserts, “When leaning my head against a flower, I heard you talk” (3-4). What the quote is trying to convey is a metaphor, as the speaker pretends the flower is a telephone that is able to pick up a conversation made in the past, but he is not able to recall what exactly might have been said to him.

More importantly, Frost portrays a first person perspective, which does make the poem feel more personal because of how it exploits the private conversation made between the two people. For example, the speaker proceeds to say, “Don’t say I didn't. For I heard you say. You spoke from that flower on the window still. Do you remember what it was you said” (5-9)? The rhetorical device being used is a rhetorical question, as the speaker is reliving the words that were abruptly said during the argument. The narrator then expands off of his thoughts by reminiscing about the past discussion made between the two before he walked out on the fight, while being able to randomly remember the bits and pieces of the confrontation towards that exact same person. It seems as if the speaker is trying to revive the other person’s memory of their past encounter over the phone by questioning what the opposers may have said. The narrator is then bringing history into the stanza as he is deciding to relive the past, rather than resolving the complications made in the present.

Then the speaker’s pace of the poem soon picked up as we began to understand the speed of the text, while complementing the author’s short length of words, in the hopes that the woman be able to finish the sentence for him. The speaker then proceeds by ambitiously claiming and demanding that the woman would “first tell [him] what it was [she] thought [she] heard” (10). The narrator is concerned about what the woman may have said. His tone is portrayed as ancy, yet curious due to the mistaken interpretation of words that the woman was thought to have stated. Although, the woman does share a bit of her side of the story by portraying a sense of embarrassment for trying to easily forgive the speaker, but instead decides to hold her grounds as her goal is to receive an apology first. She is stuck in the middle of feeling trapped and cannot win either way, unless she were to cave in first. This then creates style as the reader starts to comprehend an idea about the author’s denotations or meaning behind their word choice. Moreover, the speaker then goes on to describe the vivid details of the flower phone, which demonstrates the rhetorical device, imagery, as he claims, “Having found the flower and driven a bee away, I leaned my head, and holding by the stalk, I listened and I thought I caught the word” (11-14). The flower merely represents the exaggeration of figurative language, but shrewdly suggests how their love for one another is like a flower, delicate, but beautiful. Furthermore, the speaker wants to pretend that the woman is trying to reach out to him by calling him back as he questions her on what she may have said, and thinks she called him by his name, but this idea then forces him to quickly back down from the bold statement that he claimed as he does not want to anger the woman even more by pushing her into an apology. This then causes the woman to tease the speaker for a bit as she openly states that she was thinking about him, but does not want to admit it at the same time.

Lastly, the narrator openly states, “Or did you say… Someone said ‘come.’ I heard it as I bowed. I may have thought as much, but not aloud. Well, so I came” (15-19). These loose sentences convey the most important idea that is revealed about the woman who is feeling too proud to admit that she wants the speaker back, but this then unfolds loosely after that acquisition. After she was able to reveal this bold statement by telling the narrator to come home, in which expressed the rhetorical device known as periodic structure, as the speaker confessed that he still cares for the woman at the end of the poem, which made it a mutual as the two love birds began to reconcile their love for one another expressing how they feel about each other at the end of the story.

In conclusion, the telephone represents the conversation between two lovers who are sadly disconnected after a dispute, but is soon linked together once again through mother nature’s natural elements, in which this case, a flower is portrayed as a phone, making the poem much more appealing towards the audience. Subsequently, the poem foreground the capability of love and even demonstrates the speaker’s motive behind proving a point on whether or not the woman would fight for his love. Nevertheless, this poem is all based on the reader’s imagination on how they may perceive the outcome to be, but the rhetorical devices such as metaphor, figurative language, style, diction, and even similes, all helped contribute to transmit between relationships and human nature.

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A Rogerian Recipe of the Secret Ingredient to Solving America’s Obesity

Epidemic

The secret to weight-loss has finally been discovered. Over the past few decades, America’s obesity rates among adults and children have been continuously increasing. This rise of obesity in America is so severe, that it has now been deemed an epidemic. Not only is this a public issue of American society, but an even larger issue of individual health concerns leading to diseases, illnesses, and even death. The food industry has slowly begun taking baby steps towards creating a healthier future for Americans. David Freedman, author and contributing editor of Atlantic and Inc. magazines, publishes many research-based articles regarding science, technology and health issues in America. In his essay, “How Junk Food Can End Obesity,” Freedman focuses on how fast food restaurants can utilize modern food processing techniques to decrease portion sizes, calories, and percentages of carbs, fats, sugars, and salts in meals. Freedman argues that the wholesome-food revolution, and its opposition towards food processing, is impeding on the progress of the one solution that could actually effect the obese population. Freedman also argues how many companies and restaurants, that advertise as “healthy” in efforts of encouraging dietary changes in consumers, are misleading and not as healthy as consumers may believe. Although Freedman offers valid, achievable theories and supporting arguments in his essay “How Junk Food Can End Obesity,” he overlooks the fact that nutritional education is, above all, the most impactful solution to ending the obesity epidemic.

David Freedman poses a valid argument that, ironically, the wholesome-food movement is hindering the progress that modern food processing technology is making towards a healthier America. Freedman fights to discredit the efforts made by the wholesome-food movement to slow the obesity trend, by arguing that many of these companies advertising their products or dishes as “healthy” are, “…in any case, as caloric and obesogenic as anything served in a Burger King” (511). Freedman fights to prove that many companies are misleading by advertising their products and ingredients with labels such as “healthy,” “natural” or “wholesome,” with no genetically modified ingredients, processing, or artificial flavors. Freedman chooses to use a “wholesome” product he found, the Vegan Cheesy Salad Booster from Living Intentions, as an example. This product boasts its health benefits of enhancing the diet with spirulina, chlorella, sea vegetables, unprocessed ingredients, and no genetically modified ingredients. Freedman argues, “[w]hat the stuff does contain, though, is more than three times the fat content per ounce as the beef patty in a Big Mac (more than of the calories come from fat), and four times the sodium” (512). This situation is not a rare occasion. Located all throughout stores and restaurants, are items that scream “healthy” to entice consumers to purchase them. Uneducated consumers who do not read the nutrition labels are fooled into eating products that may not be as healthy for them as they have been tricked into believing. “Healthy” smoothie shops advertise their “all natural” ingredients, but choose to omit the fact that there is over one hundred grams of sugar in many of their products. Freedman proves a valid point that products that advertise as healthy, in many cases, contain just as many or more grams of fat, carbs, and sugar as some fast food items. This supports the fact that nutrition education would be the most effective solution to slow the obesity trend. Educated consumers will be able to decipher, on their own, which foods are healthy or not for themselves, without being deceived by advertising claims.

To further support Freedman’s argument against the wholesome-food revolution, Leslie Beck’s article, “Are ‘Natural’ Foods Really Better For You?”, debunks the myth that just because products are labeled as “natural” does not necessarily mean they are nutritious or low-calorie. For example, Beck explains that just because an “all natural” product, such as almond butter, can be nutritious, a package of “all natural” licorice is still going to be loaded with sugar and empty carbs (A.16). Even more so, if eaten in quantities larger than the recommended serving size, the “nutritious” almond butter can end up being even more fattening than a fast food hamburger. Beck refers to a global survey conducted in 2016, concluding that, “forty percent of consumers [report] buying ‘natural’ foods because they [feel] they [are] healthier and safer” (A.16). The study also reveals that, “[t]wo-thirds [believe] that ‘natural’ products [do not] contain pesticides or hormone residues, GMO (genetically modified organisms) and artificial ingredients” (A.16). This proves that the majority of consumers are uneducated about what they are putting into their bodies and are manipulated by marketing ploys to purchase certain products. Beck then continues to dissect nutrition labels, revealing the truths about macronutrients, “natural” foods, organic products, and artificial flavors. Beck’s article and supporting research exemplifies how consumers are only deceived by advertisements due to their lack of nutrition education. Educating the public about what is in their food and how to read food labels will solve the obesity crisis in America.

In opposition to the wholesome-food movement, Freedman poses a valid claim that modern food processing technology, including swapping ingredients, reducing portion sizes, and adding supplements to foods, will lead to long-term weight loss among the obese population. Freedman firmly believes that being able to trim a few hundred calories per item without customers noticing is the most effective strategy to decrease the obesity trend. Freedman argues that although the wholesome-food movement brings great health awareness to America, “…there is no reasonable scenario under which these foods could become cheap and plentiful enough to serve as the core diet for most of the obese population…” (510). The majority of the American population is obese, and the majority of the obese population comes from a low socioeconomic status. It is unrealistic to believe that farmers will be able to provide enough wholesome, farm-to-fork food for the entire obese population. Even if this was possible, the obese population would most likely not be able to afford this lifestyle. Therefore, Freedman offers an alternative solution, as he showcases many of the unique modern food processing techniques that are being used today. This technology has the ability to add necessary and beneficial vitamins, minerals, and supplements to consumer diets. Freedman reveals that, “much of the nutritional value claimed by these products comes not from natural ingredients but from added vitamins that are chemically synthesized…” (519). This statement shows that modern food processing technology can be used to enhance foods with essential dietary elements that may not even exist in their natural ingredients. Freedman met with a team of McDonald’s executives at one of their high-tech sensory-testing labs, where he learned, “McDonald’s has quietly been making healthy changes for years, shrinking portion sizes, reducing some fat, trimming average salt content by more than 10 percent… and adding fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and oatmeal to is menu” (525). This approach to slowing the obesity trend is realistic and attainable, as the obese population will not have to sacrifice their current lifestyle or bank accounts to begin making small, healthy changes. Freedman also visited the flavor engineering company, Fona International, and shared their food processing tricks and talents:

Fona’s experts can reproduce the ‘temporal profile’ of the flavors in fattier foods by adding edible compounds that come on and leave more slowly; or by enlisting ‘phantom aromas’ that create the sensation of certain tastes even when those tastes are not present on the tongue. (529)

High-tech anti-obesity food engineering allows producers to trick the human brain’s and tongue’s sense. This high-tech engineering enables producers to completely remove ingredients, or replace them with healthier ingredients, without the consumer being able to notice. Fona experts also discussed other engineering tricks they have implemented, such as adding weight to foods to create the illusion that there is more food, creating chewier textures in products to allow time for the brain to register satiety, or “…using colors, smells, sounds, and packaging information to create the belief that foods are fatty and sweet even when they are not” (531). It is impressive how much technology has progressed and accomplished in the past few years. It is time to utilize these techniques for the benefit of society.

To further support Freedman’s claim that modern food technology will help decrease the obesity rates in America, Nina Tiecholz’s article “Calories on Menus Won’t Slim Down America,” introduces the Food and Drug Administration regulation that requires restaurants to list calorie counts on their menus. Nina Tiecholz, author of The Big Fat Surprise and executive director of Nutrition Coalition, is a science journalist dedicated to evidence-based nutrition policy. Tiecholz published the results of the U.S Department of Health and Human Services experiment, displaying that consumers “…purchased food with 38 fewer calories, on average” (A.17). This proves that nutrition information is irrelevant to an uneducated consumer. If you cannot interpret the information presented to you, it is useless information. She also offers scientific evidence to inform her readers that in order to lose one pound of fat, one must “…create a caloric deficit of 3,600 calories…” (A.17). This supports the argument that slowly decreasing a few hundred calories from consumers diets, without them knowing, is what will lead to long-term weight loss. A deduction of a few hundred calories a day will slowly add up to 3,600 calories, 7,200 calories, and so-on, which will eventually lead pounds of weight-loss. Tiecholz and Freedman argue that the obese population will not make these choices on their own, which is why food processing will need to do the work for them. Although both authors’ theories of strategies to reduce the obesity trends in America are plausible, supported by evidence, and realistic, they are overlooking the main issue causing the epidemic in the first place. If Americans’ can be educated about their health and diets, then maybe consumers will be able to begin making healthier choices on their own. Consumers will actually be able to make educated inferences about the foods they are putting into their bodies, and be able to utilize the calorie counts on menus. Educated consumers will not have to be tricked into eating fewer calories a day. Educated consumers will be able to make a difference for American society and future generations.

Nutrition education will provide consumers with a shield of knowledge against marketing ploys, allow them to rise above their circumstances, and open the door to create a better life for themselves and their families. However, nutrition education is expensive. The government and schools will spend a fortune on nutrition education, creating new policies, and research. Even if the funding and platforms are available, there is no promise that educating children about their diets will change their minds about grabbing dessert that evening after dinner. It would also be much more difficult to find a platform to educate adults, who are no longer in school. These are all very important concerns to address when considering implementing this strategy. If anyone can agree that their health, their generation’s livelihood and the future generation’s well-being is worth the time, money, and effort to make a change, then they will agree that educating the public about what goes in their bodies is a necessity. As validated by Freedman, “[a]cademia could do a much better job of producing and highlighting solid research… to narrow the gap between the poor obese and well-resourced healthy…” (536). Barbara Mantel, award winning author of multiple health publications, provides further explanation of the issue of obesity in America through research, statistics, and debates in her publication of “Preventing Obesity”. Mantel exhibits a study titled, “Best-Educated Americans Have Lowest Obesity,” which graphs the correlation of household income, educational level, and percentage of obese adults in America. The graph shows that as educational levels and household incomes increase, the percentage of obese adults in America decreases (801). This is representative of the fact that educated consumers are able to make healthier choices for themselves and therefore, are able to prevent obesity. Obesity is a matter of personal responsibility, and it is unfair for those who are not able to make good choices due to their deprivation of nutritional education.

Although Freedman offers valid, achievable theories and supporting arguments in his essay “How Junk Food Can End Obesity,” he overlooks the fact that nutritional education is, above all, the most impactful solution to ending the obesity epidemic. Freedman highlights the argument that the wholesome-food revolution is impeding on the progress food processing technology is making towards solving the obesity epidemic. Freedman claims that, in many cases, foods advertised as “healthy” can be just as obesogenic, or worse, than junk food products. He introduces many modern food processing techniques and fights to prove that utilizing this technology will lead to the most plausible, long-term solution for obesity in America. However, if consumers are educated about their dietary needs, they will be able to make healthier choices for themselves and their families, regardless of the array of food options available to them. Consumers will be able to make choices for themselves. They will not be tricked into thinking they are eating healthier by deceptive marketing ploys and they will not have to be tricked into eating fewer calories per item by food processing. Nutrition education needs to be included in curriculum in all schools and implemented in multi-media marketing in America. Knowledge is power, and every person deserves the power to make choices to create the life they desire. Everyone deserves the power to choose a healthy lifestyle and guard their body from illnesses and diseases. Everyone deserves the power to choose to live longer, healthier, and happier.

Works Cited

Freedman, David. H. “How Junk Food Can End Obesity.” They Say/ I Say with Readings, edited by Graff, Gerald, et all., 3rd ed., W.W. Norton, 2017, pp. 506-37. Mantel, Barbara. “Preventing Obesity.” CQ Researcher, vol. 20, no. 34, 1 Oct. 2010, pp. 787-820. CQ Press, library.cqpress.com.proxy189.nclive.org/cqresearcher/getpdf. Php?id=cqresrre2010100100. Tiecholz, Nina. “Calories on Menus Won’t Slim Down America.” Los Angeles Times, 20 May 2018, p. A17. SIRS Issues Researcher, sks.sirs.com.proxy189.nclive.org/web app/article?artno=0000405791&type=ART. Beck, Leslie. “Are ‘Natural’ Foods Really Better for You?”. Globe and Mail, 04 Jan. 2018, p. A16. SIRS Issue Researcher, sks.sirs.com.proxy189.nclive.org/webapp/ar ticle?artno=0000402546&type=ART.

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Rogerian Argument: Bullying and the Effects that it Causes

Bullying is a social justice issue that has been around for many decades. Bullying is an aggressive act that is intentionally done by harming someone verbally, physically, or psychologically. Normally, bullying is created through and imbalance of power and it is repeated over and over again. There’ something like a general acceptance or justification that “kids will be kids” and that it’s okay because they are at an adolescence stage instead of correcting the behavior when it first arrives. As a result, bullying can sometimes turns into things such as suicide, depression, anxiety and increased feelings of sadness and loneliness. Often times throughout the face of society many people tend to overlook the issue or they don’t realize that they are staring in the face of the beginning stages of what a bully looks like. Many adults like to conclude that the child is just going through a phase and that it will pass with time. Many individuals have come to the assumption that those who are being bullied either “got what they deserved” or they asked for it.

According to Stopbullying.gov, some warning signs of bullying include but are not limited to sudden loss of friends or avoidance of social situations, decreased self-esteemed, declining grades, and difficulty sleeping or nightmares. Bullying is shown through various forms such as verbal bullying, social bullying, and physical bullying. More times than enough, we as individuals tend to believe that children are the only victims of bullying, but in reality, both children and adults can be affected by bullying and it can be detrimental to the person that's facing it first hand. Bullying has been tolerated for far too long and accepted rather than being stopped and taking precautionary measures to prevent the act from happening in the first place. As mentioned up above, there are various types of bullying, but cyberbullying is the most common and overlooked form of bullying that is happening in our society today.

Some may ask, what is cyberbullying? Cyberbullying is bullying that occurs on devices such as tablets, computers, and cell phones. The bullying occurs through text message, picture messaging, social media websites and emails. Cyberbullying contains anything that can be publicly shared or viewed. The content can be false, harmful and negative. This includes sharing personal or confidential information about a person without their consent in order to achieve likes, laughs, and empowerment. Cyberbullying causes humiliation and embarrassment towards the individual that the content is about. Cyberbullying is different from traditional bullying because the perpetrator doesn’t have visual and physical engagement of the victim. Traditional bullying occurs through direct contact whereas cyberbullying happens behind a screen causing victims to feel as if there is no escape. The content that is shared online creates a permanent public record that doesn’t go away and can be forever accessed if in the hands of the wrong person. Cyberbullying can affect the victim’s online reputation and make them seem to be something they are not. The online bullying can affect future employment, college applications, and any professional events that may take place in the future. The victim isn’t the only one that will be affected by these actions, the bully itself will have consequences.

Despite the history with bullying , often times people still say that cyberbullying is overhyped. For example, in the Wall Street journal, “Stop Panicking Over Bullies, the author states that “we live in an age of helicopter parents so pushy and overbearing “ (Gillespie). Throughout the article, Gillespie talks about how bullying is not on the rise and that kids may actually be better behaved than ever. The author makes references to his own childhood and how bullying then actually was a problem but as time progressed, Gillespie believes that children have started being better and that bullying is no longer the problem. He in fact believe that the problem is the overprotective parents that keep a tight leash on the kids. While I do agree with Gillespie that parents are more tight these days and really protective. I don’t believe that has taken place over bullies. Bullying has been around for long periods of times but so have children and if bullying is not talked about and parents let their kids do whatever they want and are not so protective, then the problem won’t stop and bullying will continue to persist. You see the problem isn’t with the parents in fact, if you ask me overprotective parents might actually be a solution to bullying. Here’s how. I believe a lot of time when children bully, they know they won’t face any consequences at home so they are more comfortable in the idea that they can do what they want and it’s not a big deal. But if you have parents that constantly stay on their children and protect their innocence and behavior as best as they can then the child will know better than to act as a bully would. The children would think twice about bullying because they know that when they get home they’re going to have parents who care to answer to.

People think that bullying is a natural part of someone's childhood or that some people deserved to be bullied because it is a common experience in one’s lifetime but it is the complete opposite. Gillespie states how bullying is overhyped and how it is not on the rise but if everyone was to think this way it would be sad. All people and children deserve to be treated with consideration and respect and there is nothing natural about being bullied and emotional, mental and physical aggression towards others should not be tolerated. Verbal assault is sometimes looked passed because one may think that words will never hurt you. Even though words don't leave any broken bones or bruises it can leave emotional scarring that can last a lifetime. Most children are occasionally teased or picked on by other kids and are too scared to actually tell someone because they fear retaliation by the children doing the bullying or they may also feel that if they tell the adults they won't take their concerns seriously or will deal inappropriately with the situation. Ignoring bullying does not make it go away. The solution may sound easy but it wont completely stop it from happening to an individual. If anything it might make the situation worse for the person being bullying by showing the bully that the target is incapable or unable to do anything about the situation. It may make the victim look like a “snitch” in the bullies eyes and make them attack them more than usual. Most kids don't know the difference between telling and tattling. Telling is done when you are trying to get someone in trouble because of the actions that have done and you're trying to protect you or someone else, tattaling is what is done when you are just trying to get someone in trouble. In some cases bullying can result into suicide. According to article, “ Can Childhood Bullying Lead To Suicide? , suicide associated with bullying is the third-leading cause of death among 10 to 19 year-olds in the United States alone. Bullying behavior and suicide-related behavior is closely related. This means that youth who are reciprocating any of the negative bullying effects are more likely to report high levels of suicide behavior rather than people who aren’t involved with bullying. People who experience bullying are more prone to committing suicide and that's a really sad fact that a lot of people don't care about until it happens to someone they care about. Bullying is not ok and it never will be and everyone deserves to live a normal life.

Recognizing and understanding that all forms of bullying is a major public health problem is a big stepping stone for society. Bullying is a big problem for children and young people that go through it. It makes people lose their self-esteem and knocks their confidence and can make children dread going to school or to any social events that takes place. I think that bullying should be considered a crime because I honestly think that bullying is taken way too lightly. From personal experience nothing has really been done to truly prevent bullying from happening. There were times in the past where society were disciplined and made it impossible to bully and there is an anti-bullying law that has been in effect in the state of New Jersey stating that there should be training to help detect bullying and help people become instructed on how to deal with bullying and i think that every state should implement this. If everyone were to take bullying as serious as New Jersey then i think that we would be better off as a country. Wanting to be more educated about how to detect bullying or control and handle it is a big thing. Most people let bullying happen because they don't know how to approach the problem and are uncomfortable doing it. If we continue to be scared to stand up to the problem then it will forever be an ongoing problem in the world. Suicide rates will continue to go up and parents will continue to have to bury their children when all of this can be avoided by just educating ourselves. If we were to take anti-bullying programs and other bullying campaigns seriously then it would show the victims that we know what they are going through and will also show them that they do have someone to talk to that will actually take a stand with them rather than sweep the situation under the rug and continue with life. Helping bullying victims will give them a chance at life and show that they actually have something to live for and will show them that life is precious and that they should never let someone ruin or determine their happiness.

Although bullying has been around for some time and many may think its not gonna get better, it doesn't give us a right to stop trying to bring awareness forward and put an end towards bullying. If you notice someone getting bullied then you should stand up for the bully or alert someone as soon as possible. Otherwise there is a risk of losing someone as no one knows how strong the person is. According to the article, “Bullying: who does what, when and where?” the author states “bullying does not only occur between children who bully and those who are bullied, but is considered a group phenomenon in which other people participate” (Pijpers). Bullying affects everyone. Whether you are the target, the bystander, or even the kid who picks on others, there's always something you can do to put an end to bullying. The solution to prevent bullying could be more awareness programs and go to the source of the problem. Most kids that are actually being bullied are either scared to tell authorities or scared to stand up to the person who is bullying them. If the bully is confronted about the things he or she is doing then maybe the eyes of the bully will be opened and they wouldn't want to bully anymore. If these things don't happen, then we can open up counselling sessions for bullies so that we can reach the root of the problem and figure out why the bully feels that their actions are acceptable. We as individuals need to step up and take a stand. Would you want someone bullying you? It doesn't feel good and it needs to stop. If we sit back and allow it and do nothing then society will begin to think that bullying is ok and should be normalized.

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School Uniforms in Public School

Contents

ABSTRACT

Public school settings are not always the professional learning environments that we hope for our children. There are many factors that create a school’s culture, one of them is the way that the students dress. Some schools try to control dress with dress codes, other schools opt for school uniforms. While school uniform policies have their critics, the positive effects of school uniforms overshadow the criticisms.

As stated by Holloman, LaPoint, Alleyne, Palmer & Sanders-Phillips (1996) ""Many school stakeholders---students, teachers, staff, families, community members, and elected officials--- believe that uniforms… curb negative behaviors associated with student dress such as teasing, absenteeism, tardiness, gang-related activity, and school violence” (as cited by Mitch & Knechtle, 2003) and these beliefs are backed up by the fact that a large California school district reported to have made, “a remarkable decrease in….sex offenses, weapon offenses, assaults and battery offenses” (West, Tidwell, Bomba & Elmore 1999) after having implemented a school uniform policy. Mixing words such as “murder” and “assault” with the thought of children’s safety is terrifying, but there are still other equally terrifying problems in schools that uniforms may alleviate.

Another student safety area that should be considered is of outside violence coming in to our children’s schools. Cohn (1996) asserts “Arguments for school uniforms include such claims as school uniforms promote student safety by making it easier to identify people who do not belong on school grounds” (as cited by West, Tidwell, Bomba & Elmore, 1999). Given the increased frequency of school shootings in recent years, it is of the utmost importance to be able to easily distinguish between those who do and do not belong in the school. That means that students, teachers, security guards and administrators as well as visiting parents should be able to identify peculiar persons within schools, which could be more easily achieved if all those who belonged in the schools were in uniform.

It is impossible to remove all negative aspects from our children’s public school environment and school culture, but if changing clothing requirements can help to make our children safer while in school, imagine the impact such a change can make in other areas that are equally important. Clothing affects culture, and school culture affects academics. Who does not want their child to be successful in life? Teaching children from a young age how to dress professionally is a step in setting them up to be the successful child that will grow into the successful adult, after all our children are future leaders. Do children who start out going to a school with a uniform policy always understand the importance of dressing professionally? They may not, but if they do not know anything else except for wearing a uniform, chances are the children will not fight a public-school uniform policy, and they may take more pride in their appearance.

One study done by West, Tidwell, Bomba, and Elmore (1999) with parents of children in the fourth-grade shows that forty-six percent of parents surveyed believed that uniforms create a climate conducive to learning and forty-nine percent believed that uniforms promote a spirit of school pride. It is also interesting that seventy-four percent of participants believed that uniforms eliminate visible differences in family socio-economic background. By eliminating socio-economic competition, kids are less likely to compete with each other over inconsequential things, and we may anticipate that they will instead work harder to compete academically. By removing the stress of worrying about what they are going to wear, and having a precise set of rules and expectations.

References

DaCosta, K. (2006). Dress code blues: An exploration of urban students' reactions to a public high school uniform policy. The Journal of Negro Education, 75(1), 49-59.

Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/222106654?accountid=37812

Mitchell, H. W., & Knechtle, J. C. (2003). Uniforms in public schools and the first amendment: A constitutional analysis. The Journal of Negro Education, 72(4), 487-494. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/222122999?accountid=37812

Murray, R. K. (1997). The impact of school uniforms on school climate. National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin, 81(593), 106-112.

Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/216036861?accountid=37812

West, C. K., Tidwwll, K. K., Bomba, A. K., & Elmore, P. A. (1999). Attitudes of parents about school uniforms. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 91(2), 92-96. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/218184738?accountid=37812

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Are School Uniforms Necessary?

Have you ever wondered what it might be like wearing school uniforms every day? It keeps kids from expressing themselves. ”Kids were not allowed to wear pink clothing to support breast cancer awareness month.” They received in school suspension, for breaking the schools dress code. I do not agree that school uniforms should be allowed in schools.

One thing people are arguing is true is that, “It’s easier to see if children are skipping class.” I disagree with that, because if a student is skipping their class no one is usually in the halls anyways, so for that reason it is probably just the same effort to find someone as a school with no uniforms. Another thing people are arguing about is, “If a class is on a field trip, then it becomes easier for teachers and school administrators to quickly identify the children who are with the group. ”I don’t think it’s that useful there are usually kids who will say something if a child decides to run away, if not parent chaperones are always there and or workers will say something if they see a kid that does not belong where they are. Something bad is “Kids get teased when they wear school Uniforms.” It is mostly when they go on field trips or things off school campus.

Most regular clothing is made from cotton or other soft comfortable materials, not school uniforms “they are often made from canvas materials that are designed to be tough, they don’t feel great to wear.” Kids have to change when they get home just to feel comfortable. “Keeping a child in school uniforms may be more expensive for parents and guardians than buying regular clothes would be.”

It’s very easy to notice school trespassers or bad people who don’t belong there. “If an intruder is wearing something different that the school uniform, they stick out like a sore thumb when surrounded by students and teachers who are following the dress code.” A solution could be keep all the outside doors locked. That way no one who doesn’t belong can’t get in unless the office people let him or her in. The advantages are hopefully less people will get hurt. With hope in the future I hope schools won’t need to have school uniforms just to have a safe school environment. With or without uniforms students safety is what matters most.

WORKS CITED:

(Josephson, Amelia. “The Pros and Cons of School Uniforms.” SmartAsset, SmartAsset, 21 May 2018, smartasset.com/mortgage/the-pros-and-cons-of-school-uniforms.)

(Lombardo, Crystal. “Crystal Lombardo.” Vittana.org, 7 Feb. 2017, vittana.org/18-significant-school-uniforms-pros-and-cons.).

(“School Uniforms - ProCon.org.” ProConorg Headlines, Procon.org, school-uniforms.procon.org/.)

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Are School Uniforms Needed?

It is a day before school and usually, one student would be excited to wear their brand new outfit their parents purchased. On the other hand, there are students who attend to school with a required uniform and the clothing used to sleep at night is the uniform students been wearing for a while now or about to begin wearing the uniform. For a while now, there have been many debates about kids aching to dress up and there are good and bad arguments of having uniforms. Now, various students attending primary and secondary schools around the globe are obligated to dress. The history started as a way to provide institutions with a feeling of character and coherence. School uniforms were meant to pull fairness to the students, despite their parents' means. It has turned modern day clothing for uniforms and rather of the traditional uniform of a cardigan with a subtle undershirt, polo and sweatshirts in school colors have changed. Dress pants or jeans are considered popular at unspecified schools. On the other hand, some schools have selected to hold stuff just the way they were for a meaningful amount of time. There are many conditions that are made wearing uniforms and having the situations rotate around to the point where it establishes interesting conversations whether or not school uniforms should be required. School uniforms are good for obedience and will take school more thoughtful to then to concentrate more on learning rather than clothing or concern of violence, since other culmination that is a perpetual and unchanging act.

School uniforms may discourage crime and enhance student security. A study conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics, it is resulted that, “Between 2001 and 2015, the percentage of students ages 12-18 who reported that gangs were present at their school decreased from 20 to 11 percent.” Having the student attending to school where uniform is established brings safety to the student walking to school or going home after school and wearing clothing that are color gang affiliated may lead to crucial consequences to the student going to school and back whether it is being harmed or possibly having the life of the student taken away. Not only were studies conducted throughout violence due to uniforms but also journalist publishing thoughts on the situation. Marian Wilde, a journalist on Great Schools who presented an article Do Uniforms Make Schools Better, had given the thought on student uniforms and how it should be in consideration to take action, “If it means teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms.” In public schools, especially in public high schools, there are students that go all out impress their friends and classmates with wearing expensive clothing brand and shoewear. Wearing expensive clothing around others gives a sign to other students to initiate something far much worse that a student wearing expensive clothing would not know. That is: robbing the students, threatening the student that they will harm that particular student and many more terrifying scenarios.

With all this being true, there are some cases that can be argued with requiring school uniform and that being students debating against school uniforms and feel it is not for an education. In a journal Are School Uniforms a Good Fit?, done by Ryan Yeung, had given results to as how wearing uniforms does not improve academic readiness, “No significant effects of school uniform on performance on second grade reading and mathematics examinations, as well as on 10th-grade reading, mathematics, science, and history examinations.” This may be true, being able to walk to school and home without any altercations uprising is more valuable. Even though there are some cases that students educate better with uniforms, having safteyness with uniform prevents from anything happening when you are in public or in school. Also, published on the Catholic Education written by David L. Brunsma, created a journal The School Uniform Movement and What It Tells Us About American Education: A Symbol Crusade establishing a point on how uniforms does not signify nowhere of having a great education, being academically ready, having no effects toward schools, and peer attitudes. As this may be accurate, there are great points one can make when having uniforms already presented in the school which is providing security and discouraging crime.

Another point that can be argued is school uniforms retain students concentrated on their education, not their outfits. In School Uniforms: Dressing for Success or Conformity?, done by Hinchion Gail Mancini, explains in depth on how schools are competitive with their style rather than students with uniforms, “..they can concentrate on their studies instead of worrying about their attire.” (Mancini 2). This illustrates great results of not only having the students pursue in a great education but also having a discipline mindset for students when they are in a classroom as he later explains on other non uniform schools, “Fights often break out at the school when students get jealous..” (Mancini 3). Having no disciplinary actions to the students and being able to control from preventing such bad actions, gives great reasoning to affirm with schools establishing uniform policy. In another journal, Schools Find Stricter Rules, Uniforms Can Lessen Bullying done by John A. Gavin, had come to an understanding that the uniform policies saves class time for students and much easier to enforce since youths were wasting class participation in the office since they signified with not meeting the dress code and such was time absent from class. Not only does this put an end to a non uniform school but then takes action to prevent such bad doings happening and have students attend class with no participation wasted.

As this can be easily brought to an open debate, school uniforms do not develop great independency, educational readiness, or tests results. In a study done by Kathleen Wade and Mary E. Stafford titled Public Schools Uniforms: Effects On Perception of Gang presence, School Climate, and Student Self-Perception and their goal was to clarify the relationship between public school uniform and some of their intended results and what they found was, “Students from schools without uniforms reported higher self-perceptions scores than students from schools with uniform policies.” This may be true but coming from there are varieties of schools with uniform with great educational learning but in some cases wearing school uniforms does develop negative behavior and great treatment for the teachers and environment. Now moving on to another arguable point, Beth Asaff who posted an article Pros and Cons of Uniform, establishes a valid abstract on how uniforms reduces opportunities of self expression, individuality, and comfort and she goes on to say, “Experts believe that children need to feel comfortable in order to maximize learning, and that uniforms can, in this way, deter academic success for some children.”. As this may be true, one can argue this is only affecting “some” children and not all children therefore making a unreasonable justification on their side of the argument and also, children are able to express themselves by having the ability to voice out and make new friends as they all look identical in the school with uniforms.

Elaborating on the argument given, uniform policies save class time because they are straightforward to implement than a conventional dress code. Published by Sage Journals titled, School Uniforms and Person Perception, the author Dorothy Behling goes in depth how school uniforms are better perceived by teachers and other peers. By that she indicated that there was study made in 1994 and those in uniforms were viewed by the teachers while maintaining educational potential and recognized as “properly performed”. Having that said, the adjectives given were bst fit to justify that the students did not have to worry about their appearance nor whether they would fit in or not which then gives the student the comfort and social activity to be presented in school with peers and teachers. Another point that can be greatly made is Dress Codes In School by Cynthia Bily who argued the dress codes around the nation and how it resulted in schools and what she indicated was the teachers that had favored the uniform said it saves them “headaches” and it “saves valuable class time to enforce less specific dress codes” (Bily 5). This exhibits great points from not only studies but from a teachers point of view. It comes to show that there are teachers who appreciate the uniform policies established in their school which gives them great time to be able to enforce the issue within seconds and still manage to have class time not being wasted.

As the argument may be affirmed, one can easily state that school uniform does not perform the significance of education also reduce the negative behavior of wearing the required uniform. Sue Stanley who presented their work, School Uniform and Safety, she justifies information to as why students oppose school uniform and conducted with a middle school. What the study resulted was “81% if the students said uniforms did not reduce fights, 76% said they did not help them fit in at school, and 69% said they did not make them feel more connected with the school community”. Even thought this may be true, it can be argued that the rest of the students do not feel the same way and appreciate the uniform policy given in the school, knowing their able to achieve in a better education as said previously in the argument made. Given that students create fights with uniform would not be the case of appearance since all students were to be in the same exact uniform. In another article given, The Student Dress Code Debate, presented by Melinda Swafford et al, had an ongoing debate about students dress code affects behavior and Swafford had came up with an idea that, “Proponents of school dress code and school uniform often attempt to link adolescents’ clothing choices to student behavior”. That being said, it can be easily inferred that choosing what clothing to wear can lead to other students wanting to impress on another. Although it is true of wanting to express oneself appearance, there are others that tend to keep their appearance in a low standard which then leads to bullying and being picked on during school and possibly outside of school that being Cyberbullying.

That being said, moving on to a more financial topic, it can be easily addressed that school uniforms can spare parents money. A study conducted by the National Association of Elementary School Principal, found interesting results explaining different trends during 2013 and others that still occur to this day and according to NAESP, they surveyed parents that have their students attend to a school who requires uniforms and it resulted to an outstanding 93% who say it is, “Time saving in the morning.” Having already bought their student uniform, they no longer have to rush their kid for school if they attend to a school with a uniform policy. Having a kid attending to a school without a uniform policy, makes the parents morning more stressful waiting to see what their kid has to wear which then takes up more time and can possibly make the parent and student late to work and school. Another great point to build on is an article published by School Wears News titled, School Uniforms Cost Just 45p a Day - New Study Shows, where they had established valid points on the information given on how parents can save money from buying uniforms, a study conducted in the United Kingdom resulted that uniforms over there cost parents, “£88.05 pounds” which is equivalent to ($128.79 US Dollars), whereas out of school uniform had averaged to about to an astonishing “£113 pounds” which is the equivalent to ($165.79 US Dollars). Right there displays good reasoning to as why parents can save money when it comes to spending for their child on school clothing. Not only is it a reasonable cost but also it will save them a good deal for the next couple of years until their child can no longer fit in the uniform. Whereas the parent will be spending money every other month buying non school uniform for their child.

Although there are families that are able to afford uniforms for their child, there are low income families that are unfortunately unable to come up with that amount of money and that is why school uniforms in schools weaken the encouragement of open education by requiring additional expenses on families. Found on The Guardian, Patrick Butler had presented an article Hidden Costs of State Schools Causing Hardship for Millions, and elaborated on the idea that school uniforms in public schools weaken the encouragement of open education by requiring an additional expense on families, “95% of parents on low income reported difficulties in meeting school-related costs.” This proves a good reason, however, this can be easily avoided by making small monthly payments and negotiating with the school to come to an understanding and later on, successfully being able to have your child to be able to academically better themselves without the worry of paying so much money. Another point made by Chris Hush who done an article titled Students Skipping Class Due to Cost of School Uniform, had came to a sense on how kids will have to skip school since they do not meet the financial needs to purchase uniforms, “..the united way of York County say some students are missing class in York County due to the cost of school uniforms.” As said earlier, it can be made in a concise way possible with a little help from the school. Every school has at least a lost and found where the student can look through and find their size and be able to then finally attend school and not having to purchase any clothing from the school and successfully be educated as said earlier.

Furthermore on the idea, it can also be said that students can manifest their individuality in school uniforms by including modifications and attaching accessories. Andrea Dashiell, the journalist on Parentmap had presented an article School Uniform: Conformity vs Creativity, and her idea that she confronted is informing the audience that students should express themselves with uniform on, and she had come to an understanding that 54% of eighth graders said they could continue to publicize their individuality while wearing their school uniform every day. As one can continue the idea of adding on accessories, students may choose to express themselves with anything on their wrists whether it be watches or bracelets. It is a much more convenient and understanding way to present to school without standing out with any expensive clothing as said previously. Another idea presented was from Julia Rubin who created an article How to Accessorize your School Uniform and what she had exhibited was that students can manifest their individuality as well in school uniforms by including modifications and attaching accessories and she quotes, “Contrary to popular belief, uniform do not stop students from being themselves. Uniforms do not silence voices. Students can wear variety of expensive items, such ad buttons or jewelry.” This idea not only brings out the best in students but also where if students can express themselves without having to wear expensive items, they can be socially active with others around the school or in the classroom as they become academically prepared for class. As Rubin quoted, she finalizes her idea that students can voice out to their opinion, meaning they have the freedom of speech to say anything about what they like and do not like if it were to ever come to a situation that uniforms policy is not being held the way it is supposed to be.

It has been shown that school uniforms are immeasurable for discipline and will take school more precariously to then concentrate more on learning rather than clothing or abhorrence of violence since additional issues that are a severe situation in our world. this come to many great points to as whether uniforms are a great choice in our society whether it was violence abruption, academic readiness, financial reasoning, and much more. But it usually comes into consideration in where one comes from and where the school is located. The argument presented can be drawn out to many of those that strive for a better education or policy in the school or around the community especially for those that dress presentable with a uniform on and only has one purpose which is to be educational and successful throughout their lives.

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Against School Uniforms in the Class Room

A lot of schools have uniforms, but do they really help us? The reason most school switch to school uniforms rather than regular clothes is because it is said to lower violence and gang levels and bring grades up. Yet recent studies show that school uniforms do none of that there will still be gangs and there will still be violence and bad grades. On November 7, 2014 over 200 bradford secondary school students were sent home, just because of uniform infractions. Is this all really fair? Schools say that regular clothes are a distraction, if a student is told to go home in the middle of a class because of a uniform infraction that is just as distracting if not more. Along with that School uniforms restrict students' freedom of expression and contradict the first amendment rights. The first amendment says, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” That clearly states that school uniforms are in violation of the first amendment rights.

Some may say school uniforms help lower bullying but is this true? In results of research, many have discovered that school uniforms do not lower bullying. There is still just as much bullying in schools with uniforms than schools without uniforms. Many have also researched and said that school uniforms help students focus in school. Yet students are sent home because they are in dress code violation they are sent home. Or if they don’t have a parent available to pick them up from school they must sit in the office until a parent picks them up or drops off a pair of uniform appropriate clothes. If schools’ soul purposes is to teach students how to read and write and do math, then why is all this time spent not learning, and making a huge fuss, only about a student’s school attire? If you are going to send a student home, have it be because they are sick or are in big trouble not because they did not wear the right clothes.

Another thing is that school uniforms violate the first amendment rights. The first amendment states that: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” Some may say that school uniforms help students understand the real world but every day in the real world doesn’t require everyone to wear the same thing. Or for everyone to have natural hair colors, no neon or black nail polish, or dangle earrings. School uniforms give students no change of pace. Wearing the same thing as everyone else can make kids think poorly of themselves. School uniforms restrict expression for kids which can make them look down on themselves. Which can lead to early depression and soon to suicide.

Another problem with school uniforms is some families can’t afford school uniforms. A mother of two could spend up to a minimum of $1000 per school year. Even with discounts uniforms for fall weather can cost a minimum of $444. Most families can’t afford a $1000 per school year. School uniforms can also be very hard to size. Especially considering that most of the time you can only buy them online. Another thing is that shipping can take a while for uniforms to arrive. If schools really wants you to attend then why do they make it so difficult? Therefor it would be very difficult for a parent to afford something like school uniforms.

Along with that some kids can’t fit in the sizes offered for school uniforms. A lot of people believe it is a one size fits all world. Including clothing companies such as the ones that provide you with school uniforms. But some kids are smaller or larger than others. Which is perfectly fine. Just because a child can’t fit into the uniform, doesn’t deserve to go to school. Every child deserves an education. Whether they wear the school uniform or not.

Finally, school uniforms should not be worn at school. They do many things such as violating the first amendment rights. They are very pricy and expensive. They do not lower violence levels or improve grades. They can also be uncomfortable to the point where a student can no concentrate. They also can make a student look down or think poorly of themselves. Which can again can lead to early depression and soon suicide. So, in conclusion school uniforms should not be a part of everyday school life.

Bibliography

Kouzmine, Michelle. “Why School Uniforms Are a Bad Idea.” LiveAbout, www.liveabout.com/the-arguments-against-school-2101087.

Emma Jacobs. “Redirect Notice.” Google, Google, 7 Nov. 2014, www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/nov/07/wearing-school-uniforms-doesn't-help-us-learn.

Kokemuller, Neil. “Arguments Against School Uniforms.” Arguments Against School Uniforms | Education - Seattle PI, 21 Nov. 2017, education.seattlepi.com/arguments-against-school-uniforms-2440.html.

Ann Svensen. “School Uniforms and Teen Violence.” FamilyEducation, 14 Apr. 1999, www.familyeducation.com/school/school-uniforms/school-uniforms-pros-cons.

“School Uniforms - ProCon.org.” ProConorg Headlines, school-uniforms.procon.org/. https://www.bartleby.com/essay/School-Uniforms-P3ZXLYYTJ

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Uniforms and its Effect on Public School

As students and parents, there is a need for safer schools, with less bullying, gang violence, discrimination, and distractions, and more learning. Well, there is one solution to help with these problems in our publish schools, school uniforms. There are a high number of issues going on in public schools today, rich or poor: gang violence, discrimination, bullying, suicide, failing students, competition, and so much more. The NEA, national educators, stated, “Bullying impacts approximately 13 million students every year, and some 160,000 students stay home from school each day because of bullying”(NEA). There is a solution that can reduce the amount of these issues in public schools, school uniforms. It sounds too simple, maybe even crazy, but from personal experiences, studies and data, and journals prove otherwise. Therefore, should be school uniforms in all public schools to help with safer and better environment for students to learn and grow.

Some students hate the thought of having to wear uniforms, but if you look at the effects of uniforms, they would see it is not as bad as you think. Students want to express themselves with their clothes, they feel they are entitled to wearing whatever they want. All schools whether the students like it or not have a dress code policy that all students are forced to follow anyway. Uniforms are just a step up, a step towards good. There are still ways to express yourself with having uniforms in schools. Who better to tell the differences and how they are beneficial than a girl who has been to school wearing uniforms in a private school, as well as not wearing uniforms in a public school. A girl named Samantha Schmitz has done both uniforms and no uniforms in her years of school. She is now a junior in high school and wore uniforms during middle school. She said, “I liked having uniforms for many reasons: it took me like five minutes to get ready, no one cared how I looked, No one judged what I was wearing, and everyone just saw each other for who they really are”(Schmitz).

Samantha understood that yes she could not wear comfy sweats to school, but at least no one cared what she wore and she wore the same uniform every day. Uniforms are great for the reasons she listed and it helps the parents not have their children take an hour or so to get out the door every morning. Samantha also understood that she could not express herself to the full extent off kids who do not have to wear uniforms. She explains, “ I still got to express myself through dress, by spirit days, accessories, sports, and more accessories. But I expressed myself by making friends and telling them about myself” (Schmitz). There are many ways to express yourself while still wearing a uniform. Uniforms help with making friends, getting ready easier in the morning on students and parents, and school spirit. It also helps students not see each other as poor or rich, because they all are wearing the same thing, which gets rid of biases and discrimination. Since the kids are all the same level, and it helps get their eyes off the external things, and more on each other. There are much more benefits than just these that can make school easier for students and parents.

There are countless numbers of small and big benefits to having uniforms in all schools. One of the bigger benefits of uniforms is to help substantially, not fix, the problem of bullying in schools today. Bullying is having a rising effect on students even at a young age; they feel this need to be better than each other and will put classmates and friends down to get there, that is what they are taught in today's society. A website named, “Understand the issues, understand each other”, talks about the matter of bullying and says, “When all students have dressed alike, competition between students over clothing choices and the teasing of those who are dressed in less expensive or less fashionable outfits can be eliminated”(ProCon.org). When all the children are dressed alike there is no reason for them to keep trying to look better and be better than each other, they are all equal. With uniforms, they are not caring about how they look, but instead more focused on being kind and not teasing each other but getting to know one another first. Contextualize evidence: It is heartbreaking when a student is bullied repeatedly for being poor or not having clothes, wearing the same thing every day, and therefore has no friends. The website also stated “all kids on the same playing field in terms of their appearance.

I think it probably gives them a sense of belonging and a feeling of being socially accepted”(ProCon.org)This is crucial for someone young or old, humans need a place where they feel like they belong, to feel safe. Without this, we see people all the time feel like they never belonged and go as far to take their own life for not fitting in anywhere, and these painful issues start at a young age. So it is so important to have students feel like they belong and feel safe, and this issue can be repaired with school uniforms. The National Crime Victimization did a study, “this study uses a chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree and logistic regression models to identify factors that increase bullying in schools. Being distracted and the fear of being attacked was among the top statistically significant variables when using both methodologies”(Brewer Jr 219). Having a safe school in this world today is much needed, and their needs to be simple steps that can happen to improve this issue.

Safety in public schools is extremely important. There is so much violence, behavior problems, shootings, suicides, bomb threats, trespassers, gang violence, associations, possession of drugs, fights, and more. Students as young as elementary schools should not have to fear school or deal with these problems of violence. Around 2000, the school district of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania required 250 public schools to require a school uniform policy. Researchers from the University of Houston analyzed almost 20 years of date, research, records, scores, behavior, attendance, and more to see the effect of the study. They concluded, “The study concluded that uniform policies resulted in improvements in academics, attendance, and behavior”(Gale).

This data is valuable because it was taken in an area with high crime rates over the span of about 20 years, which will allow us to see either positive or negative change. Likewise, Long Beach schools did similar studies, implementing school uniform policy at various public schools in the area. After two years, reports and research showed a huge impact, “reports of assault and battery in the district's schools decreased by 34%, assault with a deadly weapon dropped by 50%, fighting incidents went down by 51%, sex offenses were cut by 74%, robbery dropped by 65%, possession of weapons (or weapon ""look-alikes"") decreased by 52%, possession of drugs went down by 69%, and vandalism was lowered by 18%”(ProCon.org). This area in California also has high crime rates. There are many more studies and experiments that followed this impactful train, and schools that show growth in safety, and improved with better education from wearing school uniforms, like private or charter schools.

Some people are against the idea of school uniforms for a couple of reasons; reasons that can be solved by an explanation of the school uniform policies. But nevertheless, these concerns are important and make sense why people are opposed to them. Parents have complained and addressed the issue of the cost of uniforms, saying that it is not fair for schools to force the families to purchase uniforms. However, if parents took the time to look into this, they would see that it not as difficult to get help or find the money to get the uniforms. Most parents buy their kid clothes before school or during school so they can have outfits during the week, and that is the same as buying a couple outfits for the children to wear throughout the whole year. One journal explained “Some states such as California have put legislation in place that requires public schools with mandatory uniform policies to offer low-income families financial assistance to purchase the uniforms. No federal law forbids a school district from requiring its students to purchase uniforms, however, and provisions requiring exemptions for low-income families do not apply to private schools”(Gale).

The cost of uniforms can be solved easily with the government's help. From the same journal explained what the cost is estimated around for family that can afford it, “ A 2013 study by school uniform retailer Land’s End and the National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP) found that 77 percent of principals and other school leaders estimated the cost of their children’s uniforms to be no more than $150 a year”(Gale). This was five years ago, however, it is not bank threatening to buy a couple of outfits. Furthermore, schools with uniforms have a system where old student have the option to donate their old uniforms to the students who can not afford them. So there are many solutions to this issue that guardians have about uniforms, and like all the other concerns it just takes a little looking into.

To conclude, school uniforms in public schools would be really impactful, and helpful to our society, and unsafe schools. There are so many benefits to having uniforms in schools. Kids should have a safe place to go. A place to feel like they belong.A place where there isn't drugs and bullying and violence. A place where they can be themselves, and have fun. A place where they can not worry about if they look better than their classmates, or worry about external things. A place to make friends. A place to learn. School uniforms will not fix the problem right away, but it is a start to improving schools to be a place to learn and grow safely.

Work Cited

Gale. ""School Uniforms."" Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection, Gale https://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/PC3010999340/OVIC?u=msjacintocc&sid=OVIC&xid=9afd8faa. Accessed 9 Dec. 2018.

“Nation's Educators Continue Push for Safe, Bully-Free Environments.” NEA, www.nea.org/home/53298.htm.

Schmitz, Samantha. Personal interview. 2 December 2018.

“School Uniforms - ProCon.org.” ProConorg Headlines, school-uniforms.procon.org/. Accessed 5 December 2018.

Brewer Jr., Steven Lawrence. “Fearful and Distracted in School: Predicting Bullying among Youths.” Children & Schools, vol. 39, no. 4, Oct. 2017, pp. 219–226.

EBSCOhost, proxylib.msjc.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pbh&AN=125413210&site=eds-live. Accessed 10 December 2018

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Pros and Cons of School Uniforms

There are many controversies and questions on whether students should have school uniforms. A School uniform is a dress code given by mostly private schools to help discipline the students and help them focus on their studies rather than whether they have the newest clothing. There are many pros and cons to having a school uniform. As most students say, it restricts their freedom of expression; but also improves classroom discipline. Uniforms can have a negative effect because they restrict the students’ self-expression; however, uniforms also could cause a positive effect because they help the students mature faster at a younger age. The first ever recorded use of a school uniform was in England in 1222. The United States later discovered the idea of school uniforms in the 1800s, “using them strictly for children who were removed from their families putting them in a military-type uniform”(Reyhner). Uniforms in the modern days are not just used to those who were being fostered, nor are they military-type uniforms; consequently, they’re now altered to fit according to when the seasons change.

Modern uniforms can bring chaos into the classroom, restrict a students’ ability to express themselves, create segregation, and much more. Due to the strict rules, most modern students hated school; they feel terrible about themselves and seemed to struggle with finding their identity. Uniforms caused much rebellion simply because they wanted to show how unhappy they were. In a school in Japan, “you don’t get to decide whether to wear the summer uniform or winter one just by if you’re cold or not...If you just changed in the winter uniform and it gets really hot in October for some reason, too bad”(Covington) Most schools around the world make it to where kids dread going to school. If they don’t have the exact polo, pants, or jackets, they get punished; however, the student isn’t always faulty. Although uniforms may have their negatives, they also have asset craze of positives. It is proven for uniforms to cost less than a normal back to school shopping spree would. “For juniors shirts, jeans, and shorts it’s an average fifty-eight dollar. Girls can range from thirty to fifty dollars, and boys range from forty to fifty dollars just for an outfit. While for an average back to school outfit is around seventy to one hundred dollars”(Academy).

School uniforms are much cheaper than an average outfit, as well as some schools pay for the uniforms so they’re free to you. School uniforms also help kids with their self-esteem and confidence. “Even the kids who initially don’t like the idea say they feel they’re being treated with more respect”(Russo). Because of their admiration of the attention due to school uniforms, students enjoy school. “...in Ohio’s eighth largest school districts, the found that school uniform policies improve rates of attendance, graduation, and suspension”(Draa). They not only make you feel more confident and comfortable, but you’re also helping yourself out by going to class more and paying attention. According to Jose Aristizabal, a high school student in Armenia, Colombia, his uniforms are comfortable “The uniforms do not cause rebellion, nor do they restrict self-expression. They’re just a rule you have to follow in the handbook and they feel like your regular weekend clothes”(Aristizabal) Yes, some kids may compare their clothes to others; but, it shouldn’t distract you from looking at the board and listening to the teacher. “As for bullying, that’s everywhere you go.

It don’t change just because you have on the same clothes as them”(Aristizabal). Jose has gone to GI School in Armenia, Columbia for the majority of his life; therefore, he practically grew up in a uniform. In conclusion, there are many advantages and disadvantages to wearing school uniforms in public schools. Although there are many advantages, there are more disadvantages. Uniforms don’t look the same on everybody because we all have different body types. School faculty is also strict on the uniform policy. Students should not have to worry about wearing the correct uniform when they should be worried about their school work. Yes, uniforms have been improved but they still are useless when it comes to helping kids learn. The uniforms do nothing for the kids, they keep you too worried about whether or not “Twenty years ago, school uniforms made us look and feel like we were in prison.”(Arbuckle).

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Should Students have to Wear School Uniforms?

There has been a constant argument among parents, school system and government regarding the student’s school uniform that should students have to wear school uniforms. There are certain people who argue that school uniforms should not be requisite to wear in school. Conversely, there are rather many people who agree with wearing school uniforms. They represent their views that school is such a place that there should be uniformity in everything. Students from kindergarten to high school should be required to wear a regulated uniform. They argue that students wearing school uniforms would be the beneficial not only for students but also, for parents and school (ProCon.org, 2014). From my own personal experiences and research I must support to the arguments of including uniforms in all schools. I would be on the side of applying school uniforms policy into all school systems throughout the country. After reading from procon.org, I noticed that the suggested reasons inside the pros are appropriate arguments for including uniforms in schools.

I support to most of their listed pros premises. Among those, I have selected three reasons for being in favor of student uniform in schools which support my position. These three premises include- first one is that school uniforms keep students focused on their education, not their clothes, the second reason is that school uniforms may deter crime and increase student safety, and last one is that school uniforms can save parent’s money (ProCon.org, 2014). I think these three reasons are best reasons to represent arguments in favor of wearing uniforms in school. Uniforms help to students to concentrate more on their learning and discipline rather than concentrating on what to wear to school, how they look, and how they match with their friends.

Uniforms are safe for students, since it helps to identify their movements easily (ProCon.org, 2014). It helps to identify intruders (those are non-uniformed) from students on school campus. When the intruder comes to school campus they could easily be recognized and deterred before they cause any incident. School uniforms can help to parents in reducing their additional expense for purchasing trendy clothes for their children (ProCon.org, 2014). From the Procon.org, I have selected three premises opposing to my position. The first opposing premise is “The push for school uniforms is driven by commercial interests rather than educational ones” (ProCon.org, 2014). In trying to believe this commercial point of view, school uniforms are intended to be cheaper by clothing companies so that selling of product could be more each year and profitable for them. When I took a closer look, I believed this view that the cost of buying school uniforms exceeds the cost of normal clothes. The second opposing premise is “School uniforms in public schools impose an extra expense on families”(ProCon.org, 2014). I believed this view when poor parents could not afford the expense of uniforms and take out their children from those public schools. The third opposing premise is“Focusing on uniforms takes attention away from finding genuine solutions to problems in education” (ProCon.org, 2014). The school system has some problems in education which need to be solved through proper ways. If schools will focus on uniforms, they could not give attention to solve those education related problems.

The forms of biases I experienced when reading the premises both for and against my position on the uniforms in schools include self-interest bias and socioeconomic disparities bias. The self-interest bias works on the premise that parents and students become motivated to see an outcome that favors their needs. Most of the parents desire the safe learning environments in the school for their children. Uniforms are safe for students, since it helps to identify their movements easily (ProCon.org, 2014). A sense of pride with the wearing of uniforms could bring desire of students for uniforms. The second type of bias is socioeconomic disparities.

School uniform could reduce socioeconomic disparities between rich and poor students and bring uniformity in school (ProCon.org, 2014). The effects of my enculturation may have influenced these biases. I had uniforms in school and most of the time it did make my life safety and easier. It provided a positive school atmosphere to me. I was able to focus more on the studies rather than looking appearance. I personally, felt pride as a school student. Relating to above biases, uniform policies are being adopted by most of the schools throughout the country. The implementation of uniforms in our schools are most effective which helps the students focused on the right path. In conclusion, I will say that it is a very good debate regarding the wearing of school uniforms. I would appreciate above viewpoints regarding the above topic. If I had not played the “Believing Game” when it came to keeping uniforms out of schools, I would have never seen all concerns that were there. After thoroughly taking look at all sides of the argument I was able to see what are justifiable on the topic. Wearing of school uniform provides too many potential benefits to students, school community and parents. School uniforms could be able to reduce the socio-economic disparities, increase student’s attentiveness on studies, provide student safety, save parents money on trendy clothes, and increase student’s sense of pride for belonging to school community.

References:

ProCon.org (2014). Explore Pros & Cons of Controversial Issue. School Uniforms. 2014. Retrieved from https://school-uniforms.procon.org/

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Should Schools have School Uniforms?

The idea of schools requiring a uniform poses many questions for parents and students. School uniforms can benefit the learning environment, but can also provide some issues for students throughout the school day. Some of these issues include costs, free expression, stopping bullying of the students that have “old” clothes or hand-me downs, and academic performance. Parents have many questions regarding these issues. They want their children to have the best education they can obtain and school uniforms may help with it or suppress their education.

Traditionally uniforms were favored in private parochial institutions.Today, school uniforms are being adopted in the United States in increasing numbers in both public and private schools. England had the first documented school uniforms dated back 1222 when students wore robe-like outfits called “cappa clausa.” The origin of the modern school uniform can be traced to 16th Century England, when the impoverished “charity children” attending boarding school wore blue cloaks and yellow stockings. As uniforms became more popular, they became associated with the upper-class in England. Some schools in England required students to wear top hats and tails on and off of campus until 1972. The uniforms used in the United States were similar to the traditional uniforms used in England. The first US schools that established uniform policies were in Washington DC and Baltimore, Maryland in 1987. Students in these schools were said to have an improved frame of mind and discipline issues were reduced. These students did not have to worry about wearing the latest trends and buying designer fashion like the student that was wounded in a fight over a pair of $95 sunglasses in 1986. This is the origin of the uniform policy in Baltimore. The requirement of school uniforms has increased from 13 percent in the 2003-2004 school year to 19 percent during the 2011-2012 school year. Some cities require all schools to have uniforms such as Philadelphia, who requires all schools to have uniforms and New Orleans, who requires 95 percent of schools to have uniforms (ProCon 4).

President Clinton told Congress on January 3, 1996 during his State of the Union speech: “[I]f it means that teenagers will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniforms” ( ProCon 2). On February 25, 1996, Clinton repeated his message about uniforms in his weekly radio address and during a series of media appearances. He ordered the distribution of a school uniform manual to the country’s 16,000 school districts. In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that schools could not curtail students’ freedom of expression as long as the students’ choices were “not disruptive, and did not impinge upon the rights of others.” The students that were in question had worn black armbands in protest of the US participation in the Vietnam War. School uniform opponents used the ruling to argue that school uniforms silence free expression and freedom of speech.

What are the pros of having school uniforms? Supporters of school uniforms believe that they make schools safer, create a “level playing field” that reduces socioeconomic disparities, and encourage children to focus on their studies rather than their clothes. School violence is reduced. Students do not have to be bullied about their clothing. The teasing about whether you are wearing less expensive clothes can stop, thus increasing their self esteem. Some students cannot afford designer clothes and the latest trends. Students have more time to focus on their schoolwork and education and not their clothes. Students do not have to worry about picking out their clothes. They do not have to worry about fitting in with their peers because they are all wearing the same outfit. This leaves more time for schoolwork. Students are not able to tell the “have” from the “have nots.” Wearing school uniforms can enhance school pride and unity. Schools can show their pride when their students feel like they belong to the school and feel like they fit in. School uniforms make it easier to recognize intruders.

Those who want to harm a student or take one will not want to sign in at the office when they enter the school. The intruder will be easier to recognize. In 2017, there were 65 school shootings according to ABC 15. As of October 2018, there have been 65 school shooting. Not all of these were caused by students bringing a weapon to the school. Requiring students to wear uniforms, along with teachers wearing certain outfits to school may eliminate the high number of shootings because students and staff will be able to identify the intruder much easier than they normally would. It will become easier to obtain and disarm the intruder once identified. The intruder may be looking for a specific student, but if all of the students are wearing similar outfits, it makes it harder to recognize or find that student. Students from other schools that are attempting to hurt another student will be more visible and will not be able to make it very far in the school before being noticed.

What about the cons? Opponents say school uniforms infringe upon students’ right to express their individuality, have no positive effect on behavior and academic achievement, and emphasize the socioeconomic disparities they are intended to disguise. School uniforms restrict students’ freedom of expression. Students do not get to show who they are and their personality. They cannot be themselves and show what they believe in. They cannot show their individuality. Opponents say the uniforms do not reduce school violence. They feel that the violence is an act of the school environment and not the way students are dressed. Much of the violence is from students that receive abuse in their home environments, whether it’s physical, mental, or emotional. In schools with uniform policies, students that are a member of gangs will find other ways to show who they are by tattoos, piercings, or scars. They believe that social classes will remain intact and students will segregate themselves during the school day based their classes.

Through a student’s schooling, they learn about many historical figures that spoke out for their rights. They tried and most succeed in making changes. Students learn about historical figures such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King. They learn about their individuality and how they worked to make changes. Students cannot do things like that when they cannot express themselves within the school walls. Schools are all about making sure their students are their own self and having their personality, but uniforms does not allow for that. Uniforms make students conform to the school’s standards. Students cannot express themselves. This could lead to depression and other health issues could arise in some cases. This could lead to schools removing the uniforms requirement after so long.

School uniforms have many pros and cons that affect the lives of students everyday. School uniforms can improve students’ academic performance and how they approach their schoolwork. Students have an easier time focusing on their work when they do not have to worry about what they will wear to school and fit in among their classmates. School pride will increase because students will feel that they will belong to the school. Violence among students will decrease. Students will wear the same clothes and bullies will not have anyone to make fun for what they wear. Intruders are easier to recognize because they will stand out among those in the school. Students will be able to save money because they will not have the worry of buying the best clothes for school.

There are many reasons why schools should and should not require school uniforms. Uniforms can help students perform better in the classroom, but they can suppress their freedom of expression and their individuality. Uniforms can reduce violence, but members of gangs will find ways to show who they are. Supporters believe students will not have to worry about their backgrounds and their social class. Opponents say that students will automatically separate based on their social classes.

This paper weighs the pros and cons of the use of school uniforms. School uniforms can increase academic performance, decrease bullying, and improve school pride. However, they can also limit freedom of speech and expression.

I liked the historical context you gave for school uniforms. You also did a good job of weighing the pros and cons of school uniforms. Your formatting looks good, just be cautious of extra spaces (like on the top of page 3). You did a good job of providing two perspectives on the issue, but I think you could look further into other ideas that meet in the middle such as partial uniforms, or maybe talk about the differences in how much a dress code can be uniformed. For example, schools could require a specific top and leave the rest of the outfit up to the student.

Throughout the paper I inserted comments where I didn’t quite understand what you were talking about or if it needed more elaboration. I also think you could dive a little deeper into the facts and use actual statistics rather than “he says/she says”. While reading through this, you would give a lot of facts of what could potentially be a result of school uniforms. See if you can find any studies done that have hard numbers.

The one thing that was really lacking for me was your opinion on the issue. As you move forward, try to incorporate and defend your own thoughts on the matter, rather than just stating the opposing perspectives from a neutral stance. Otherwise, great work! I’m really excited to see how this progresses!

References

Jeffrey, C. (2018, October 04). School shootings in U.S.: When, where each shooting has occurred in 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018, from https://www.abc15.com/news/data/school-shootings-in-u-s-when-where-each-shooting- as-occurred-in-2018

Oppenheimer, M.. (n.d.). The Downsides of School Uniforms. Opposing Viewpoints Online, 2018.

Roguski, P. (1997). School uniforms: Background of and descriptive research(Master's thesis, State University of New York, 1997). Brockport: Paula Roguski.

School uniforms. (2018). In ProCon.org (Ed.), Procon. Santa Monica, CA: ProCon. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/procon/school_uniforms/0

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School Uniform – Pros and Cons

To begin with, school uniform has been an ongoing controversial topic for many years. Students are waking up to the constant worry of what to wear every day. Majority of pupils believe that school uniforms restricts their own desire to show their character as a consequence of their clothing. School uniforms projects equality between people and helps build a learning atmosphere for both the students and faculty. Therefore, uniforms should be enforced throughout all academic stages to adjust student’s concentration primarily on their education and decrease bullying activities.

Pros of School Uniform

Firstly, studies have shown that implementing school uniforms have affected the student’s behavior and school test results. According to the journalist resource article, approximately 23 percent of schools in the United States require students to wear uniforms. Dress codes takes away the distraction of the student’s stress and anxiety for their appearance. Consequently, improving the outcome of students mainly because their focus is primarily on their studies. Today, many of us are undergoing a financial crisis, school uniform is just one example that illustrates how we can overcome this issue. A survey shows that the majority of students around 89% percent prefer having a dress code. The reason behind this is that school uniforms are usually found for a reasonable price and eliminate the need of constantly buying clothes for school. Taking that into account, uniforms help to erase economic and cultural differences among students. Moreover, many school institutions have valid reasons for obligating the same dress code for all students mainly to ensure discipline and to help those with low self-esteem.

Cons of School Uniform

On the other hand, there are a number of disadvantages of having school uniforms implemented. After some time, students can get uncomfortable and bored of having to wear the same clothes every day. Some parents can have some interference with the appearance of students as they may want to choose their children’s clothes without having the school involved in their decision. As children grow up they may face difficulties in making the correct choices, denying teenagers and children to have the freedom of choice in clothing can make them unprepared for the adult life.

Furthermore, the first source deeply discusses the reasons and advantages towards having dress codes enforced and leaving out other issues that may be faced when having school uniforms implemented. For instance, the primary source has not mentioned how uniforms can affect the student’s conformity instead of personality. The second source however, talked about if having a freedom of choice in clothing students may have some financial issues.

In conclusion, school uniforms have more benefits that outweigh its negatives. Dress codes have proven to us that they have the ability to improve the manner of the school. As well as, promoting uniformity and reduce student violence. It is best to enforce uniforms throughout all the school years as they help maintain an orderly environment within the school grounds. This makes school a wonderful place to improve academic performance and enrich one’s knowledge. All in all, they also greatly help students with financially difficulties to feel more comfortable since there will not be any differences between them, and other students. This helps them make friends more easily, and also leads them to develop friendships.

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Wearing School Uniforms

Have anyone ever thought of how school uniforms began and is it fair to students to make uniforms mandatory in schools.Uniforms have a history. They became popular in elementary schools in the mid-1990s in United States as a way to decrease discipline problems. They were first worn in school by orphan children who represented the lower class in the 16th century in England. As years passed uniforms slowly found its way in the schools. Uniforms first grew popular in private schools and then public schools. The use of school uniforms are a big topic and ongoing debates for parents and school administrators. Some students along with some parents argue the benefits of school uniforms, while others believe that mandatory uniforms within public schools are unconstitutional.

Although you probably cannot change what most school has already decided. You may have a voice on the issue of school uniforms in the next PTA meetings. You also have the choice of sending your child to a school that does or doesn't require school uniforms. If that is your case, here are a few pros and cons you should keep in mind before making your decision. Wearing uniforms is beneficial in most case for children starting school from elementary stage through high school. Picture this: a child wakes up one morning and decides that he does not like the clothes that he has to wear to school. The clothes he has are not name brand and he is fed up with his classmates because they make fun of him. The child decides to skip school and his attendance starts to decrease which also brings his grades down.

There are several studies showing that student academic achievement was increased dramatically because of the learning atmosphere created by uniforms. It removed the stigma of what is on the student’s body and more attuned to concentrate on their schoolwork and strive for great grades. When talking about school uniform the first thing that gathers into our mind are rules, punctuality and obedience. Having uniforms decreases some bullying and saves a lot of money for parents.

There are different studies showing that student academic achievement was increased dramatically because of the learning atmosphere created by uniforms. It removed the humiliation of students because of what there are wearing, and made them stay more focused on their school work and grades. Following on looking at the statistics in 2009, schools created a uniform policy. It became effectively implemented in 21 states in the United States of America.

What was discovered upon implementation of this policy was that the crime rate had dropped by 91% in schools. Students were not getting suspended as much also the rate of suspension dropped by 90%. An interesting point to know is that the number of sex offenses drastically reduced as the school uniforms has been put in place. Statistics show that the number of such offenses reduced by 96% as well. Lastly, since school uniforms became implemented vandalism in schools has decreased by 96%. The attacks on students of children from kindergarten through 8th grade had also reduced by 85%.

Another important factor to consider is the cost of school uniforms. A lot of people believe that purchasing them is expensive, but what has been noticed in the long run is that the overall cost of clothing has drastically reduced thereby easing the expenses of parents in most areas such as Newark, Irvington, Elizabeth, and etc. Statistics also claim that 44% of parents have found that their kids are more focused in school after wearing uniforms. In my opinion students at a young age should attend to a school that have a uniform policy to prepare them at a young age fyi m for the future. When you get a job or go to an interview there's normally a dress code that you have to follow. Allowing children to understand the idea of wearing uniforms can help them know that they are preparing for success. In conclusion I am pro uniform. Students will have a better chance to focus more in school rather than focusing on their sense of style. Instead of being tardy or absent from school now students can have the ability to be comfortable to come to school. Wearing a uniform allows each student feel more at ease to attend school when everyone look equal. Furthermore school uniforms prepare students for the future and allows them to continue being a successful scholar. For that reason, school uniforms should be kept.

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The History and Significance of School Uniforms

School uniforms have been apart of the school systems around the world for hundreds of years. Uniforms have been debated whether they should be implemented into school systems and if they help students study better, have better social skills, and reduce bullying in the school itself. With school uniforms originating in Europe over 900 years ago they have spread around the entire world and have become a symbol of mainly private and religious schools in the world. As well as uniforms being used in schools for military purposes and oppression purposes to control the citizens and their freedom or to prepare and entire national youth for war.

The first record of school uniforms being implemented into schools that we saw in the world, was in 1222 in England. These students uniforms had them wear a robe like outfit called a cappa clausa. We really don't see school uniforms really take off until the 16th century where we see the more modern look of school uniforms today. A school in the 16th century named Christ’s Hospital Boarding School, had a uniform that consisted of yellow stocking and a blue cloak. The school eventually gained the nickname of the “blue cloak” school. To this day, that same school continues to wear the same traditional uniform they have had for centuries. The student body has enormous support to also keep the same uniform, with 95% of the student body voting to have the traditional uniform stay in place. As time went on, school uniforms soon became a symbol of wealth and higher class in society. So if you wore a uniform to school, it was basically a symbol of your wealth and social hierarchy. The uniforms soon became very formal and prestien once they became associated with wealth and power. We see this at a school in England called Eton, these students were required to wear tails on their coats and even top hats all the way up until 1972.

Different schools in countries all around the world have had their own significant style and form of school uniforms over the years. In Africa, school uniforms were first implemented as a way to tell which students belonged to which missionary when in the streets. After the two world wars, school uniforms became very popular with totalitarian governments in Africa. These uniforms were used to control the youth and recruit them for the military service later in their lives. In Japan, school uniforms were modeled after military uniforms. For the men, their uniforms modeled the traditional army uniform. For the ladies, their uniforms modeled the traditional navy uniform. Uniforms in Japan are an extremely common sight now, and are even worn by students outside of school very often. This wasn't always the case as the tradition of school uniforms in Japan didn’t come to be until the 1900’s.

In China, the first introduction to school uniforms came in the 19th century. These first style of uniforms included the unique style of chinese culture, but were mostly western influenced. For years people complained that the chinese style of school uniforms were very dull and lacked diversity. In more modern days like today, Chinese school uniforms more closely reflect Korean style uniforms. In Australia, school uniforms really started to become a thing in the 1920’s. These first uniforms very closely reflected those of the school uniforms in England. The major difference that not a lot of school children in England can relate to. Is that school kids in Australia would sometimes walk and go to school barefoot. After the Second World War however, the style of the Australian school uniforms became much more casual.

Many people around the world have argued whether or not school uniforms would be beneficial or harmful to students. It seems that the support and opposition of school uniform is split right down the middle, both arguments for yes and for no split equally. The main argument for support, is that it helps to bring unity to all of the students and helps them focus on work. If every student is dressed the same and doesn’t have to worry about preparing an outfit or what they will look like the next day, then the student has more time to focus on their school work and studying. Plus, it also gives the students peace of mind, knowing that everyone will be dressed the same and that they won't be made fun of for wearing something different. The main argument in opposition for school uniforms is that they suppress diversity and hurts low income families. If kids aren't able to express themselves and be there own person, then they won't become their own person and become a leader. Uniforms create followers rather than creating leaders. As well as spuress a child's own personal inspirations. Also, if families that struggle file caillou have to pay for uniforms, they will struggle even more in making much needed money to support their families. You are placing another burden of pay onto a family that already has so much to worry about with barely being able to pay for the bills. Overall, there are both supporting views and opposing views for school uniforms.

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Best Diet for Leaky Gut

Have you noticed the increasing use of the term “leaky gut” in recent years? Have you tried to understand how changes in your diet might help leaky gut? Perhaps, more specifically, you are someone that is experiencing leaky gut and wonder how the ketogenic (often referred to as “keto”) diet might compare to other diets in easing the troubles of leaky gut. We want to assist you in choosing fuel for your body that will help you achieve your goals, be sustainable, and be successful in remedying this issue. Let’s take a closer look at what it is, what causes it, how you can manage it, and the best diet for leaky gut.

What is leaky gut?

Background

In helping you explore the best diet for leaky gut, we will first need to explain what it is. We need to understand how the intestines work in the body. The intestines are part of the digestive system which is responsible for breaking down the food you eat, absorbing nutrients and water to provide nourishment, and removing waste products from the body. The intestines serve as a barrier between the gut and the rest of the body. The intestines have small gaps or tight junctions to allow food and nutrients to move into the bloodstream. Leaky gut occurs when those gaps loosen or get larger. If this occurs your body is considered to have increased intestinal permeability. This means that toxins, bacteria and larger food particles can then pass through and enter the bloodstream. Generally, these things are supposed to move through the intestines and either be processed or excreted, not move into other parts of your body.

Causes

It is not entirely clear what causes leaky gut. There is a protein responsible for tight junctions called zonulin. Studies (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/leaky-gut-diet#Causes) show that increased intestinal permeability and loose junctions could be caused by higher levels of zonulin. If it is released within the intestines, the junctions open slightly and this allows larger particles to move through the wall of the intestines. Studies (https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/gluten-leaky-gut#section4) have been done that show that gluten can activate zonulin and therefore increase permeability of the intestines.

In conclusion

There is a lot of work put into finding a sustainable diet that will produce results. Despite the research and information available to us today, not everyone will have the same results even if they are following the exact same plans. Everyone’s body will respond differently, and it is up to you to make changes until you find the plan that works the best for you. It can be overwhelming and for many people it is, at times, very frustrating. A major factor to evaluate is finding a plan where whole foods, particularly ones that you enjoy consuming, can be incorporated. A lot of focus should be put on the quality of food consumed. Other lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improving sleep can also contribute and improve overall results. Remember that regardless of your diet choice, it is important to stay hydrated by drinking water. It is also suggested to avoid soda, drinks with added sugars, and alcoholic beverages.

We know that the benefits to finding a healthy, balanced diet are great and that the decision is one that needs to be made based on your health history, overall goals and in consultation with your primary care physician. Our goal with this article is to assess possibilities regarding the best diet for leaky gut so that you can make an educated decision regarding your health journey.

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