Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution 2

Katelyn Rachels AEGL102-008 Carlson April 30, 2010 Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution Animal Farm is an allegory for what happened in Russia between the years of about 1917 and 1943. Orwell uses characters and certain details to symbolize different situations in the Russian Revolution. Understanding the specific historical context underlying Animal Farm enriches one’s reading of the book. The novel is about failed revolutions everywhere, but above all, it is about the Russian Revolution. Orwell uses Animal Farm to show how events step by step correspond to events ranging from the publishing of The Communist Manifesto in 1848 up through the Tehran Conference in 1943. One of the first events is how old Major’s dream relates to Karl Marx’s Communist Manifesto.

The first scene of Animal Farm opens with the news that old Major has called all the farm animals to a meeting to discuss a dream that he had. As he is explaining the dream to the other animals, he points out two important things to them. He says, “Man is the only creature that consumes without producing,” and he further encourages them to “work night and day, body and soul, for the over-throw of the human race” (Orwell, Print). He explains that men have been taking advantage of them for years, and it is time to put them in their place and to an end. The only way they could do this was by one word that old Major stated at the end of his speech and that was “Rebellion! ” What Orwell is trying to show through old Major’s speech is a simplified version of the basic tenets of communism, which were originally put down by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels in the Communist Manifesto. What the Manifesto intended to show was that the capitalist economic system was seriously flawed. The workers never saw the products of their labor because the capitalists claimed the profit for themselves. If common workers could overthrow the capitalists and claim the means of production for themselves, then all the workers of the world could live in peace with one another (Smyer, Print. ) This is what Marx was trying to suggest. The Manifesto famously ends with the workers of the world uniting and old Major essentially ends his speech in the same way with his final call to “Rebellion! Both Marx and old Major are better at criticizing the existing system than at proposing a new one as we see very soon after the Rebellion where everyone does not really know what to do next. The Manifesto was written during a time of many revolutions across Europe, even though it did not happen in Russia until roughly sixty years later.

Even while it was written, Russia was the top most interest for Marx’s message. The country had an enormous peasant class and it was ruled over by tsars. In other words, the barn animals were itching to overthrow Mr. Jones.

Two other events that are have something in common is the fall Mr. Jones and the Russian Revolution 1917. The animals are not exactly sure what will come of this rebellion, but they begin to prepare for it as soon as old Major dies. We soon learn that “the Rebellion was achieved much earlier and more easily than anyone had expected” (Orwell, Print). Mr. Jones forgets to feed the animals one night after he goes out and gets drunk. The cows are fed up and kick in the barn door, and all of a sudden all the animals are eating from the bins. When Mr. Jones and his men come in to whip the animals into their place, a huge rebellion erupts, and the animals chase Mr. Jones and his men off the farm. Soon after, Napoleon and Snowball step into the lead and begin organizing the animals around a new system based on the Seven Commandments.

The most important of these is that “All animals are equal” (Orwell, Print. ) Mr. Jones is an allusion to the last tsar of Russia, Nicholas II. Tsars were already known to not be on good terms with Russian people, but Nicholas was a prime example of being very bad at it. In 1914, he got Russia involved in World War I, and then mismanaged it. As a result, a famine was beginning to start across Russia. This comes in play with the animals not being fed. Nicholas was not a strong enough leader to inspire the people’s confidence. As we see in Animal Farm, the revolution was relatively unorganized and seemed to just come out of nowhere. It began with several strikes and demonstrations which gradually grew in number. Nicholas eventually sent in the military, but by then the workers were out of control. From this, many of the military members began to sympathize with the strikers and switched sides. After the Revolution, Vladimir Lenin suddenly returned from exile and put up his April Theses.

This relates to the Seven Commandments. The second phase of the Russian Revolution occurred when the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government. Animal Farm aims to simplify these events so we do not get the two rebellions, but we do get the pigs, what can be considered the Bolsheviks, sweeping in to take control over the revolution that already happened. The one event that is notably glossed in the novel is when we hear that the animals “raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out the last traces of Jones’s hated reign” (Orwell, Print. ) In the novel, Jones and his family escape. However, Nicholas II and his family were executed and buried in a mass grave. The Battle of the Cowshed and the Russian Civil War also has common traits. In Animal Farm, before Mr. Jones and the men return, the animals have time to begin organizing a large harvest.

The different animals begin to take on clearer roles. We learn that Napoleon is a double for Stalin and Snowball, who could be seen as Lenin in the earlier chapters, will be a stand-in for Leon Trotsky. Boxer the horse comes to resemble the working class with his personal motto “I will work harder” (Orwell, Print. ) The pigs work to spread word around the farm and committees begin to set up. Yet in reality, the Bolsheviks hardly had time to spread the word before everything erupted into the Civil War. Trotsky had not wanted to end the Russian war effort and he and many others felt that without war, there could be no peace. As the Germans began to take over Russian territory, the Bolsheviks had no choice. They tried to seize on Trotsky’s withdrawal as a sign of weakness. In Animal Farm, Mr. Jones goes off to the local bar to complain of his misfortune. He has trouble getting someone to listen to him because the two neighboring farmers, Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick, are on bad terms. Here, Orwell gives the reader a glimpse into the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom, Germany, and Russia. Mr. Frederick, as it is very clear, is a stand in for the Germans. During the Bolshevik Revolution, the Germans were entangled in war with both the U. S. and the U. K. , and after the Revolution, they shut Russia out of the war. Mr. Pilkington represents the United States and the United Kingdom. At this time during the war, they were distracted by Russia’s withdrawal from the war, feared a Russian alliance with Germany, and were worried about Bolshevik ideas spreading to the West. In other words, the Bolsheviks were able to fight their civil war because the rest of the world was still caught up in World War I. What united these different groups was mainly the fact that they were all anti-Bolshevik, and they went under the loose name the White Army, contrasting themselves with the Trotsky-led Red Army. There are a few things to notice about the Battle of Cowshed.

First, Snowball emerges as a military hero, just like Trotsky did. Second, Mollie the horse, who represents the Russian upper-middle-class runs off and plays little role in the battle. Third, Boxer reveals himself as a powerful military force.

The actual Russian Civil War ended in 1922 with the defeat of the White Army and the founding of the Soviet state. Similarly, Animal Farm is established on the English farm scene. The question that can be asked frequently is to grow or not to grow. This is where the windmill and the Trotsky-Stalin Conflict come into play. As Lenin grew sick in the early 1920s, serious tension started to mount between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky.

Trotsky was already very critical of Stalin’s war record. He wanted to continue to spread the Revolution, where Stalin wanted to focus on building communism in the places Russia had already acquired. After Lenin’s death, Trotsky was forced into exile. This left Stalin in complete control. In Animal Farm, the divide between Stalin and Trotsky or Napoleon and Snowball is represented by the argument over the windmill. We learn that Napoleon despises the idea where even at one point he “urinated over the plans and walked out without a word” and “the whole farm was deeply divided on the subject of the windmill” (Orwell, Print. The windmill is, in many ways, the perfect symbol for the decision about whether or not to expand communism. In this case, the dream is worldwide communist revolution. Napoleon begins to consolidate power for himself as soon as Snowball is off the farm. We find that he has reared the nine pups and made them his guard dogs, which are related to Stalin’s secret police, and that he has made Squealer his main man.

The animals are troubled by all of this, and many would argue the situation, but they do nothing. One of Stalin’s first decisions as the leader of the Soviet Union was to initiate something known as the Five-Year-Plans. These plans are similar to Napoleon’s initiative. The Plans main goal was to rapidly industrialize the nation so that it could catch up with the West. Along with the Five-Year-Plan was Stalin’s decision to collectivize agriculture. He thought that he could increase crop output by moving to larger farms, and by bringing the peasantry under direct control.

The plan back fired and caused widespread famines among peasants. Once the famines started, Stalin did very little to help the people (Carr, Print. ) In Animal Farm, we find that Napoleon has the animals working harder than ever. Even the neighboring humans respected the way the animals were managing themselves. Meanwhile, Napoleon’s own deceit is becoming increasingly clear to anyone who is paying attention. The pigs have begun to sleep in the humans’ beds, and Muriel the horse reads out the altered commandment “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets” (Orwell, Print. ) Despite Napoleon’s initiative, there are widespread food shortages across Animal Farm. Napoleon quickly realizes that it was necessary they keep this a secret from the outside world and he sends the sheep out to talk about their increased rations. At the same time, Napoleon has all the empty food bins in shed filled with sand in order to hide the lack of food.

Napoleon, like Stalin, is floundering to make his policies look like they are working and to give the illusion of strength when in reality the farm in becoming weak. There are three events that have similarities: the hen rebellion, Napoleon’s pile of corpses, and Stalin’s Great Purge.

Animal Farm is not particularly light tale, but the story takes a very dark turn about halfway through. First, the hens refuse to give their eggs up to the pigs and in result of that Napoleon decides to starve them until they change their minds. Several of the hens die, while the rest give up. Napoleon then calls a meeting, and the dogs drag out several pigs squealing with pain and terror. The pigs confess that they were working with Snowball and Mr. Frederick, and a moment later the dogs kill them. The same thing happens with the surviving hens from the rebellion, a goose, and several sheep. At the end, there is “a pile of corpses and Napoleon’s feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones” (Orwell, Print. ) What was supposed to be a fairy tale is now a nightmarish allusion to the Great Purge. What made Stalin’s purges so horrible was that he forced many to come forward and confess to crimes that they never committed, often after severe torment and outright torture.

What we see in Animal Farm is a very simple and direct illustration of how Stalin’s purges worked. Squealer tells the other animals that Snowball, the scapegoat for everything, is not just working against them from outside the farm, but inside as well. He is trying to destroy them from within. Snowball here becomes the figure of general Stalinist paranoia, and what we get is an old-fashioned witch-hunt. The scheming Mr. Frederick stands for how Hitler broke the Non-Aggression Pact. There is an odd little episode after Napoleon’s executions that have to do with the need to sell a pile of timber to either Mr. Frederick or Mr. Pilkington. Mr. Frederick stands in for Hitler and Mr. Pilkington stands in for the United Kingdom. As Napoleon is first trying to decide to whom he will sell the timber, he notices that Frederick is more anxious to get the timber but will not offer a price. As the animals become aware of what a threat Frederick might present, Napoleon teaches them to chant “Death to Frederick” (Orwell, Print.

Then suddenly Napoleon swaps sides and sells the timber to Frederick. Everyone is shocked. The other pigs claim that Napoleon only became buddies with Pilkington so that Frederick would raise his price. It soon back fires on Napoleon. Frederick has gave him forged money, and got the timber for nothing! Hitler and Stalin had long been mortal enemies.

Stalin nearly signed an anti-German political alliance with France and Britain, which can be represented by Mr. Pilkington. When that fell through, Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler instead. Stalin began to get word from his spies that Hitler was planning to break the pact, but he just did not believe that the Germans would invade Russia before first defeating Britain. However, Hitler did indeed launch Operation Barbarossa, with millions of German troops pouring suddenly into Soviet territory, starting the war on the Eastern Front. Hitler betrayed Stalin as we learn in Animal Farm, “The very next morning the attack came… ” (Orwell, Print. ) Russia suffered enormous casualties in World War II and similar events take place in the Battle of the Windmill. By the time Orwell was wrapping up Animal Farm, the war was not yet over, but the worst had passed for some. Animal Farm has its own miniature version of World War II in the Battle of the Windmill.

Things happen fast as Frederick’s men progress, take a pasture and blow up the Windmill. Even Napoleon seemed at loss as the enemy rushed onto the field. A message arrives from Pilkington telling Napoleon, “Serves you right” (Orwell, Print. ) The fighting in Animal Farm is extremely violent for it to be a fable story.

Though the animals end up winning, they find that they are “weary and bleeding” (Orwell, Print. Almost immediately, Squealer begins “squealing” the war as a proud victory for Napoleon. Like so many that survived the war, Boxer no longer understands the word victory. When Squealer points out that they have won back the farm, all Boxer can say is, “Then we have won back what we had before” (Orwell, Print. ) No matter how good your advertising is, it’s hard to spin a war in which millions of lives are lost.

Why fight for something you already have and lose lives, than to keep things the way they are and save lives? Even the loyal Boxer understands that. When Boxer has to leave the farm is very similar to the betrayal of the working class. Throughout Animal Farm, we’ve seen the pigs betray the principles of the Rebellion over and over again. Yet no betrayal is quite as noticeable as what happens after Boxer’s lung collapses. Squealer tells everyone that Boxer is going to be taken to a veterinary hospital for surgery. As the animals go to see Boxer leave, Benjamin the donkey appears and starts crying that they are all idiots. He reads the side of the van to them which says, “Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler” (Orwell, Print. ) All of the animals shout to Boxer that he must kick his way out. He tries, but he is old and too weak. A few days later, Squealer comes back and explains the misunderstanding. He says the surgeon purchased the van from the horse slaughterer, but that he has not yet changed the name. Squealer claims that they did everything they could to save Boxer.

Napoleon holds the horse a memorial service. Boxer, in many ways, is an example of the perfect worker. He never complain, is extremely loyal and he literally works himself to death. Yet his reward is that he is sold off, slaughtered, and turned into glue. Meanwhile, getting drunk off cartons of whiskey, the pigs are living lavish lifestyles in the farmhouse. Though the betrayal of Boxer is not a link to any specific episode in Russian history, it might be seen as a brief ‘allegory for Stalinism as a whole. As the van moves down the road with Boxer trapped inside, it resembles many victims of the Stalinist regime that were made to disappear or were sent to concentration camps. As the book comes to an end, there is one last similarity and it is between Napoleon’s last laugh and The Tehran Conference.

The book ends with animals watching through a farmhouse window as the pigs hold a meeting between the neighboring humans to explain that there was some sort of misunderstanding. They want to make it clear to the humans that they never meant to incite rebellion; their entire goal has been “to live at peace and in normal business relations” (Orwell, Print, emphasis added. ) The pigs have hung the other animals out to dry and the Rebellion is dead. The meeting between the pigs and the humans is an allusion to the Tehran Conference, which was intended to map out a strategy to end World War II. It was a meeting of the leaders of the Big Three allied powers, Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Joseph Stalin of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U. S. S. R. ). All of these men were against the power of Hitler. At the Tehran Conference, the Big Three argued out agreements on several matters of great significance to World War II and then the Cold War. What we often emphasize when we read the end of Animal Farm is that the pigs have become exactly like the humans. The final line goes, “The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which” (Orwell, Print. Though the animals cannot tell pig from man, as they observe them, the pigs and the men are caught in ferocious argument. The reason is that they’re both cheating one another.

The end of Animal Farm might be taken as the allegorical beginning of the Cold War. At the time the West decided to play cards with the Soviet Union because they would do anything to beat the Germans. The alliance of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin was convenient, but as soon as the war ended it fell apart.

This caused distrust, which lead to fifty years of stalemate, to fifty years of tension between Russia and the West. So much that schoolchildren in both countries were drilled on what to do if a nuclear bomb landed nearby. Orwell must have seen this coming from a mile away. Works Cited Carr, Edward Hallett. The Russian Revolution: from Lenin to Stalin, 1917-1929. London: Macmillan 1979. Print.

Hamlin Jr. , William A. “The Economics of Animal Farm. ” Southern Economic Journal (2000): 942-56. JSTOR. Web. 8 Apr. 2010. Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York: Harcourt, Brace and, 1946. Print. Smyer, Richard I. Animal Farm: Pastoralism and Politics. Boston: Twayne, 1988. Print.

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Korean Cuisine

Korean culture is comprised of a multitude of societal changes that have amounted and transformed throughout the years. Beginning five thousand years ago Korea has slowly evolved into a cultural haven. Music, dance, painting, food, fashion, arts, games, karate, family life, theater, religion and beliefs are just a few components that make up modern day Korean culture. Korean cuisine is one of the most unifying of all of these cultural factors. The food in Korea is one of the defining elements of Koreans culture because of its historical background, environmental affinities, long lasting creative techniques and recipes, and use in traditional ceremonies and festivals. Modern day cuisine in Korea is quite progressed from what it once started as, but many of the same traditional dishes still play a major role in Korean diets. As Korea has evolved and gone through intense alterations, so has the food in this country. Major political changes have affected the eating palates of Koreans by changing both the amount of food available and the type of food that is consumed, yet traditional Korean cuisine has managed to survive into the modern day. The origin of Korean cuisine can be traced back to early myths and legends that have been passed down, generation to generation, throughout the years. Looking at the historical nature of Korea can also be helpful in showing the foundation of Korean food. The Three Kingdoms Period in Korea lasted from 57 BCE to 668 CE. The first kingdom was Goguryeo, which is located in the northern part of the Korean peninsula, known today as Manchuria. The second kingdom, Baekje, was located in the southwestern part of the peninsula and the third kingdom, Silla, was located in the southeast corner of the peninsula. Each of the three kingdoms had unique cuisines that were specific to the area they were in because of the varying climates of each region. During the Three Kingdoms Period, fermented food began to be seen and played a huge role in Korean’s everyday lives.

During this period there are no actual records of the food that was prepared or cooked and therefore no writings of seasonings or ingredients that were used to prepare their meals. The only record of any Korean food during this period was the mention of Kimchi, the national Korean traditional dish. Following the Three Kingdoms Period was the Unified Silla period, which began in 668CE and continued until 935CE. Silla unified most of the southern region of Korea, while migrants from Goguryeo unified the north, eventually renaming the area Balhae. Korea was ultimately nified under the Goryeo dynasty. During this time of unification is when the spread of the Korea peninsula to the Western World began. In the 13th century, after the Goryeo Dynasty was out of power, the Joseon Period commenced. Around 1429, under King Sejong, the publication of books on agriculture and farming techniques began. Because of these early informative novels, the second half of the Joseon period proved to be quite different from the first half. Silhak scholars were more inclined to place importance on the agricultural industry, which was the first time this was seen in Korea. Because of this, government began to play a major role in coming up with new agricultural systems and techniques to help improve farming as well as other aspects of life. The first step that the government took in trying to help the peasantry was reduced taxation, which in turn prompted the opportunity to come up with complex irrigation systems leading to eventual increased trade with China, Japan, Europe, and the Philippines.

New crops began to show up in Korea because of the government’s aid to commoner’s agricultural needs. Some of these crops included corn, sweet potatoes, chili peppers, tomatoes, peanuts, and squash. One of the most important items introduced to Korea during this time period was Chinese cabbage, also known as brassica. Chinese cabbage was important because it would become the main ingredient in kimchi. As the Joseon period ended, the country was showing signs of massive improvement as well as signs of continuing trade with the Western World, China, Japan, the United States, Britain, and France. The exchange of food boded well for all countries involved. New cultural foods were being shown to Korea that they had never before seen. Not only did trade with other countries introduce a variety of new foods to Korea, Western missionaries traveling through Korea also proved to be a huge component in cultural cuisine exchange. After the fall of Joseon Dynasty, there was a thirty-six year period of colonization by the government of Japan. With Japan in power, the adoption of many Japanese cultural ways, including agricultural techniques and systems, was inevitable. Some of these new techniques involved combining smaller farms into large-scale farms to help yield a larger amount of crops, which would be exported to Japan. The problem was that although crop production, especially rice production, was increasing most of these crops were being shipped out of the country. To make up for this loss, Koreans also began to increase the production of grains such as millet and barley for Korean use only. Under Japanese control, the way meals were eaten and served also changed Korean’s lives. Koreans began to eat only two meals a day during cold season and three a day during warm seasons.

The meals became very repetitive with little variation on a day-to-day basis. The lower levels of society would share a single bowl of white rice and the rest of their meals were composed of lower quality grains. After Japan was defeated in World War II the colonial period in Korea ended as well. After the Japanese occupation of Korea, the Cold War and the Korean War eventually separated Korea into North and South Korea. Because of this separation food became even scarcer than it previously had been during the Japanese period. Under President Park Chung Hee, industrialization was brought to Korea. Agricultural techniques completely changed with the advent of new machinery and other industrial concepts. Agriculture production was increased through the use of new equipment and commercialized fertilizers and nutrients. Thus in turn, the overall quality of all Korean food increased, including meats, dairy products, and vegetables. Korean meals are comprised of rice, their staple ingredient, soup, and a variety of side dishes. Usually included in these side dishes is the use of vegetables, pork, poultry, and, more often than not, seafood. Being that Korea is a peninsula and surrounded by water, seafood is easily obtained to use in culinary dishes. The total coastline of Korea, including islands, is 17,270km. The coastline of Korea is filled with fishing villages that make a living by selling seafood. The East Sea, also known as the Sea of Japan, is full of migrating schools of fish whereas the inlets and bays are mostly packed with oyster beds.

The west coast of the Korean peninsula has extremely shallow water and therefore fishing is done with traps. Often caught in these traps are mullet, shad, and corvenia. Fishermen in Korea even go as far as the South Pacific and the Gulf of Alaska, searching for salmon, tuna, sometimes whales, ray, eel, croaker and various other types of fish and seafood. Seafood is not only used in Korean meals but it can also be a tasty snack throughout the day. Ojingo is dried squid jerky and one of Korean’s favorite snacks. Some examples of fish are hoe, which is sliced raw fish and meet and Chotkal, salted fish, which brings about the salty side of dishes. Fish, clam, fish eggs, or internal organs of fish can all become chotkal simply by being salted and preserved until they are fermented. As aforementioned, rice is the main staple of Korean diets and is an essential part of every meal. A simple meal in Korea is comprised of a bowl of rice, pap, and a few side dishes, panchan. Some side dishes include soup, kimchi, cooked vegetables, and fish along with sauces such as soybean paste, doenjang, and red pepper paste, kochujang. The only variety shown in Korea is within the side dishes served.

The number of side dishes varies depending on social status. A lower class family will normally have approximately three side dishes but royal families could have about twelve. In ancient times rice was equivalent to wealth and was a way for farmers to estimate their own worth. Tapok rice is rice that grows in lowland paddies and is usually sticky when served. Upland rice is usually dried and milled for flour and most prominently used for beer brewing. The second most important part of Korean meals is the soup, kuk or t’ang. Soup must be included in every meal. It is the only liquid that is given and it is placed to the left of the rice bowl. Soups have a wide range going from mild vegetable soups to powerful, spicy stews. The primary ingredients of soup are meats, fish, and vegetables. Some examples of soups in Korea are kalbi-tang, a rich beef soup, mandu-guk, meat dumpling soup similar to Chinese wonton soup, miyok-kuk, seaweed soup often eaten for breakfast, tubu chige, a fiery stew made of tofu and red pepper paste, and mae’unt’ang, a fish soup containing white fish, scallions, vegetables, tubu, kochujang, and egg. Kimchi is the national dish of Korea and has been around for centuries.

Kimchi has survived throughout the years because Koreans are particularly passionate in regards to this dish. Some Koreans even go as far to say that kimchi nourishes the soul as much as it nourishes the body. The name kimchi has evolved throughout time, originating from the word shimchae, meaning salting of vegetable. There are little to no historical records of kimchis origin and development. It was first born around the seventh century, but at that time it was just thought of as purely a salted vegetable. Only during the twelfth century did a new type of kimchi appearance, which began to include various spices and seasonings that are seen in present day kimchi. One of the most important spices in modern day kimchi is red pepper, which only arrived around the eighteenth century. One of the main reasons why kimchi was even invented was because of the popularity of vegetables. Agriculture was a main industry in Korea and vegetables were readily available. Also readily available to Korea was Chinese cabbage, one of the staple ingredients of kimchi. Another reason was that Korea had remarkable technology to slate fish. This technology was used frequently in the making of kimchi. Kimchi is usually made from cabbage, cucumbers, or turnips, which are sliced into small pieces and marinated in red pepper paste. Other ingredients include garlic, ginger, salt, red chili pepper, and vegetables.

In Korea, the making of kimchi is part of the tradition and appeal of the dish itself. Every November there is the ritual of making kimchi during the national festival called kimjang. During this season, the cabbage is sweet and tender and is in the best state to make kimchi. At kimjang, food markets receive an abundance of truckloads of Chinese cabbage as well as all the accompanying ingredients needed to make kimchi. To make kimchi, the cabbage must be cut up, salted and seasoned with chili, pepper, and garlic and then packed into large stone jars to ferment. Fermentation time depends on the season in which kimchi is made. Something that is extremely unique to kimchi is the way in which it is stored. The storage process of kimchi was developed during the cold winters. Large pots were placed below the ground in order to allow kimchi to ferment during these times of cold temperatures.

After this fermentation time period, the kimchi will then be ready to eat. There are three types of kimchi. The first one is called whole cabbage kimchi or jeotgukji. The second is diced radish kimchi or kkakdugi and the third is water kimchi. Water kimchi is made with just radish and water. The radishes should be washed and slated for a full day before being buried in a jar under ground to ferment. There are both hot and cold variations of the dish. In the present day, there are over two hundred variations of kimchi depending on the season, region, and personal preference. Modern day kimchi has become increasingly easier to get worldwide. There are now many pre-packaged, ready to sell kimchi in grocery stores around the world. Recently kimchi has also been proven to be extremely nutritious and in the future may even become a recommended food by many nutritionists. The difference between ancient and present day kimchi is that most Koreans do not have the time to make kimchi. Nowadays even some Koreans are buying kimchi from supermarkets. Another important component of Korean culinary is beans. They serve as an excellent source of protein.

Mung beans are cooked whole or ground into a flour substance to make a popular Korean snack called pindaetook. Pindaetook are crunchy fried pancakes that are seasoned. Soybeans are also cooked whole or used to make bean curd. An important usage of soybeans is in the making of doenjang. Doenjang is a traditional Korean food that has been carried through the generations and is now seen in many other countries. Doenjang is made from soybeans, rice, barley, wheat, or fattened soybeans. These ingredients are then mixed with salt and go through a fermenting and maturing process. Some beneficial elements of doenjang are that it keeps its own unique taste even when combined with a variety of other ingredients and seasonings, it does not decay for long periods of time, it removes fish and oily flavors, and it neutralizes spicy tastes. In modern day, doenjang has been proven to have linoleic acid and a few other substances that can suppress about ninety percent of the production of the cancer-causing substances. Doenjang also has roughly one hundred billion enzymes in about one hundred grams that are proven to soften the skin and aid the digestive tract. Noodles are another part of the Korean diet. They are usually made from buckwheat or just plain wheat flour. The most popular noodles are the brown colored buckwheat noodles that are served in soups. Some examples of noodle dishes are mokkuksu, which is the simplest noodle dish cooked with either beef or chicken stock and served with kimchi, kalguksu, a hot and filling noodle dish made from buckwheat and potato flour seasoned with a hot pepper taste, mullaengmyon, a cold noodle soup, and chapch’ae, a noodle dish mixed with vegetables. Meat is another important element of Korean cuisine. Meats can be ground, sliced, roasted, fried or broiled depending on the dish.

Frequently the appropriate seasonings are added to meat to enhance the flavor and taste of the dish. Pulgogi is a traditional meat Korean dish. Pulgogi is broiled beef strips and ribs of beef that are cooked on a hot iron plate at the table. The meat is marinated well in advance in a mixture of soy sauce, sesame oil, garlic, ginger, pepper, chili, toasted sesame seeds, and green onions. Another well-known Korean meat dish is Kalbi Kui, which is quite similar to pulgogi in that it is cooked in the same way. Instead of using beef slices, short ribs are used which are first marinated in sugar, green onions, sesame oil, and soy sauce. Some other popular Korean dishes are pibimpap, a bowl of rice served with a variety of cooked and raw vegetables, kujol-p’an, a dish of pancakes that have fillings such as black mushrooms, carrots, radishes, green onions, eggs, kimchi, beef, and toasted sesame seeds, and sinsullo, a pot of meats, vegetables, and nuts simmered together and served with a vinegar and soy sauce dip. Desserts in Korea are not the same as desserts in the United States. They usually do have dessert after a meal is finished. Rather they eat sweets, such as pastries, in bakeries or tearooms. After the meal, they usually have something intended to cleanse the palate. Sungyung is a broth made from water boiled in the bottom of the rice pot, which can be served with seasonal fruit or rice cakes, ttok. Rice cakes are made in a rice cake steamer by steaming rice flour.

P’at is a red bean that is present in many desserts in Korea as well. When invited over to home for a traditional Korean meal, there is usually a low table set up in which people will sit on cushions to enjoy the meal. The whole meal is served at one time, which is different from many other countries cultural traditions. The rice and soup sit beside the individual plates and the side dishes are spread out in the middle of table for people at the table to help themselves to. The first person to eat is the most elderly person and everyone else must wait until he or she begins. It is very impolite to not do so. Unlike the United States, meals are not a time for conversation to happen. Korean meals are often eaten in silence, unless they have guests from other countries visiting. Koreans do not use knives or forks. They mostly use chopsticks but soup is to be eaten with a spoon. During the meal, you are not allowed to place your spoon and chopsticks on the table unless you are done eating, in which you place them beside your plate to signify that you are done with your meal. Rather, you must put your spoon and chopsticks on top of your bowl if you are taking a break from eating. You cannot leave the table until the eldest person is finished leaving and they must leave the table first. Korean hospitality is very gracious.

Most Koreans do not feel that they ever have enough food for their guests and that even the biggest of feasts and meals is not enough. Hostesses will continue to ask you if you want more to eat even after you have placed your utensils beside your plate. They will say “Mogo! Mogo! ” which means, “Eat! Eat! ” The hostess will ask a total of three times before they realize that are completely finished eating. After the third time, they will not ask again if you want more food. Another difference between the United States and Korea is that you don’t usually give praise to the cook after the meal. Rather you simply state that the food was good. There needs to be no other compliments given. Two things that are never to be done when eating a Korean meal are to never eat with your fingers and to never blow your nose at the table. Both of these shows sign of huge disrespect to the household you are invited into. Korean cuisine has more than evolved throughout the years, but many of the same traditional dishes can still be seen in present day Korea. The cultural tradition of Korean food is the main reason why so many foreigners are intrigued by the tastes, smells, flavors, and overall appearance of their culinary dishes. Korean traditional dishes, such as kimchi and the use of doenjang, will continue to play a vital role in the households of Korea well into the future. Korean culture has already made its way to the Western world, and because of the ingenuity and innovativeness of their culinary expertise, it will continue to do so many years to come!

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Tower of London

Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. Since at least 1100, the castle has been used as a prison, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart, Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site. The Tower of London has played a prominent role in England's history. It was besieged several times and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public records office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. From the early 14th century until the reign of Charles II, a procession would be led from the Tower to Westminster Abbey on the coronation of a monarch. In the absence of the monarch, the Constable of the Tower is in charge of the castle. This was a powerful and trusted position in the medieval period. In the late 15th century the castle was the prison of the Princes in the Tower. Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery. The zenith of the castle's use as a prison came in the 16th and 17th centuries, when many figures fallen into disgrace, such as Elizabeth I before she became queen, were held within its walls. This use has led to the phrase "sent to the Tower". Despite its enduring reputation as a place of torture and death, popularised by 16th-century religious propagandists and 19th-century writers, only seven people were executed within the Tower before the World Wars of the 20th century. Executions were more commonly held on the notorious Tower Hill to the north of the castle, with 112 occurring there over a 400-year period. In the latter half of the century, institutions such as the Royal Mint moved out of the castle to other locations, leaving many buildings empty. Anthony Salvin and John Taylor took the opportunity to restore the Tower to what was felt to be its medieval appearance, clearing out many of the vacant post-medieval structures. In the First and Second World Wars, the Tower was again used as a prison, and witnessed the executions of 12 men for espionage. After the wars, damage caused during the Blitz was repaired and the castle reopened to the public. Today the Tower of London is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions. It is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.

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Reading Report Sample

Government-Business Relations Reading ReportStudent Name:__________ Edith Smith _____________________________________________Class (eg Monday 10. 00am-11. 30am): _________________3 -4 PM__________________| Reading full reference| Liz Young, 1999‘Minor Parties and the Legislative Process in the Australian Senate: A study of the 1993 Budget’,Australian Journal of Political Science, 34(1): 7-27| Main point(s) made by the author(s)| The author has discovered a gap in research and literature regarding the tools and powers available and used by minor parties in the Senate to affect legislation and the behaviour of Parliament. The author explains that with the exception of a few mentioned studies, current research is focused on a single minor party or takes the primary aim of examining the impact of minor parties for a student audience. | Evidence and examples used | Detailed analysis of the votes, concession making, and negotiation that occurred in the Senate's passing of the government's 1993 Budget is provided by the author as empirical backing for the arguments developed and claims made throughout the article. The author uses the aims of minor parties, the voting and negotiation process, and resulting changes to specific clauses of the budget to examine the behaviour, activism and effect of minor parties in the Senate. | Strong and convincing parts of the text| The discussion of minor parties bargaining with the government for amendment to legislation, in the place of voting against the government, is well argued and supported and particularly convincing. Using the 1993 Budget case study the author explores the outcomes and consequences of both courses of action, and effectively concludes that negotiating with the government is preferred by minor parties as it affords minor parties more power than in a voting situation and is viewed more favourably by non-senate audiences. | Weak and unconvincing parts of the text| A weakness of the article is the narrow nature of the case study. This results in arguments and findings which may not be easily generalised or applied in other areas, such as lower houses or states, or in situations where minor parties do not hold a balance of power. In examining the senate’s passing of the 1993 Budget as the empirical support of her argument, the author concedes that using such a case study is a narrow empirical base for the claims which have been put forward. |

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Executive Summary for a New Business Startup

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Business Type: Partnership Services Our organization will provide products such as computers, peripherals , stationery, furniture, office products, interior decorations, delivery. Customers Our customers are allover Canada and we are going to operate our business in Toronto. Our main customers are as follows : 1. Students 2. All ranges of office 3. Industries Our management The Organogram of our business is lead by the CEO and is the person who leads the human resource manager, supply chain manager and import manager. Competition Of the companies that we evaluated, Staples is a major player in this market with a huge product range and a well established distribution system. It will take time for us to reach their level and compete with them. Another company that we identified as being close to our competition range is known as FridRussell. Their product range is almost similar to ours and is based in 6-7 cities. Our efforts will be to find the right size for our business which will enable us to respond promptly to our customer needs as compared to our competitors. Risk Management Of course there are risks when we start a new business and these risks would be the changing demand of the customer in the market . Risks are higher when we start and keeps on decreasing as we proceed. To overcome risks we would have to identify ,assess and prioritize the risks involved. To manage the risks the risks has to be transferred to another party by way of contracts.

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Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘Rear Window’

The film ‘Rear Window’, directed by Alfred Hitchcock in 1954, enthralled worldwide audiences through its clever and original depiction of a suburban murder. It is a widely renowned crime thriller that employs many conventions of the genre, while subverting others, in order to portray a realistic environment that collapses into tension and mistrust. The depiction of protagonist L. B Jefferies as the ‘everyman’ is an important subversion of the conventional detective, piquing the audiences curiosity and interest in the film. From behind Hitchcock’s camera we are invited the compassionately view the world of a ‘normal’ man who is plucked from his ordinary life through the extraordinary events that he witnesses. By playing with the idea of a ‘normal’ guy getting caught in threatening circumstances, Hitchcock suggests that crime can infiltrate any part of society, and affect anyone. Hitchcock’s inventive camerawork, in showing us the apartment complex from Jefferies’ point of view, is an interesting technique used to involve the viewer in the films action. By watching the other apartments through Jefferies’ binoculars and camera lens, we are incriminated in his voyeuristic pursuits. Later in the film Jefferies echoes the viewers sentiments, questioning the ‘ethics’ of ‘watching someone even if they’re not guilty’. Yet he continues to observe, and there is a certain ‘guilty thrill’ in that for both him and the audience. A subversion of the crime fiction genre occurs through Hitchcock’s depiction of the protagonist as injured and incapacitated. In both the ‘classical’ and ‘hard-boiled’ eras of crime fiction, the protagonist was portrayed as a ‘physical’ investigator. Particularly in texts like ‘The Big Sleep’, where investigator Philip Marlowe traverses multiple settings in order to piece together the differing parts of a crime. To overcome the limitations of an incapacitated protagonist Hitchcock gives the camera human qualities, making it view things Jefferies cannot, and revealing hints on character and plot details. The beginning of the film is a good example of how he employs this technique. The camera pans around Jefferies apartment, pausing on certain objects to emphasize their importance. The viewer realizes that he is a photographer who broke his leg in an accident, as evident from his leg cast, the photographs mounted on the wall and the broken camera on the table. Circumventing the problem of a physically ‘unable’ Jefferies also uncovers another subversion of a genre element through Hitchcock’s portrayal of Lisa. Jefferies ‘secondhand’ viewing is coupled with Lisa’s physical investigating to give a rounded view of the crime and investigation. Furthermore, the film depicts Lisa taking the dominant role in the relationship, showing a dramatic shift in the nature of the traditional gender investigator, and calling into question the stereotypical role of the male ‘hero’. Lisa is depicted as a sort of ‘femme fatale’ in ‘Rear Window’ through the representation of her dysfunctional relationship with Jefferies. In a style characterized by the ‘hard-boiled’ works of authors like Raymond Chandler and Dashiel Hammett, the two fire off cynical and sharp witticisms at each other, while hinting at their romantic chemistry. The crime of murder is a very conventional part of a crime fiction story, but the way in which Alfred Hitchcock chooses to depict the murderer in ‘Rear Window’ is in a uniquely sympathetic light. In the context of the 1950s this was a bold move that separated the story from other similar thrillers within the crime genre. In both the ‘classical’ and ‘hard-boiled’ eras of crime fiction, the criminal or murderer was generally portrayed without many redeeming features, yet in Hitchcock’s film there is a sense that Thorwald (the murderer) may have been drawn to the deed through the incessant nagging of his wife, and we begin to pity him as he is watched by Jefferies without any knowledge that he is under scrutiny. Furthermore, Jefferies involvement in the crime seems to be a want of ‘diversion’ from the normal, or to satiate his need for excitement, and his eager ‘viewing’ from his apartment window initially makes him a hard investigator to trust and heightens sympathy for Thorwald. With the limited selection of people in an isolated environment Hitchcock uses a convention popularized by the ‘classical’ era of crime fiction, of which authors like Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle were a part. The murder occurs in a closed community with a limited number of incongruent suspects. In essence Hitchcock shows the audience a microcosm of 1950s American society through Jefferies rear window, with each apartment and character representing a different facet of that society. By limiting the scope of the investigation Hitchcock is able to focus on, or give a commentary about the different issues of the time, reflecting the context of the film with Cold War sentiments of unease and distrust of ‘neighbors’. Alfred Hitchcock thrilled audiences in the 1950s with his crime thriller ‘Rear Window’, through its unique and realistic depiction of a claustrophobic apartment complex thrown into disarray after a murder takes place. Hitchcock both employs and subverts many conventions of the crime genre in making the film such a large commercial and critical success.

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Del Gerente Caracteristicas

Caracteristicas del gerente del siglo XXI Indice 1. Introduccion 2. Caracteristicas del gerente del siglo XXI 3. Conclusiones 4. Referencias 1. Introduccion El siglo XX se caracterizo por un gran desarrollo tecnologico e industrial, y consecuentemente, por la consolidacion de la administracion. A principios de este siglo surge la administracion cientifica, siendo Frederick Winslow Taylor su iniciador; de ahi en adelante, multitud de autores se dedican al estudio de esta disciplina. En la administracion de fines de siglo, el centro de atencion es, lograr los mayores niveles de competitividad, realizar planificacion estrategica, y empezar a valerse de herramientas de avanzada, como Reingenieria y Benchmarking, Calidad Total, y Justo a Tiempo. Son duras las exigencias del mundo empresa cada vez mas, y si mismo la preparacion a nivel general del directivo debera responder a esas exigencias. 2. Caracteristicas del gerente del siglo XXI En la mediada que avanza el siglo XXI, varias tendencias economicas y demograficas estan causando un gran impacto en la cultura organizacional . Estas nuevas tendencias y los cambios dinamicos hacen que las organizaciones y sus directivos se debatan en la urgente necesidad de orientarse hacia los nuevos rumbos hechos que tiene una relevancia no solo local sino a nivel mundial. Los paises y las regiones colapsan cuando los esquemas de referencia se tornan obsoletos y pierden validez ante las nuevas realidades. Desde la perspectiva mas general, la globalizacion, la apertura economica, la competitividad son fenomenos nuevos a los que se tienen que enfrentar las organizaciones. En la medida que la competitividad sea un elemento fundamental en el exito de toda organizacion, los gerentes o lideres haran mas esfuerzos para alcanzar altos niveles de productividad y eficiencia. Los nuevos esquemas gerenciales son reflejo de la forma como la organizacion piensa y opera, exigiendo entre otros aspectos: un trabajador con el conocimiento para desarrollar y alcanzar los objetivos del negocio; un proceso flexible ante los cambios introducidos por la organizacion; una estructura plana, agil, reducida a la minima expresion que crea un ambiente de trabajo que satisfaga a quienes participen en la ejecucion de los objetivos organizacionales; un sistema de recompensa basado en la efectividad del proceso donde se comparte el exito y el riesgo; y un equipo de trabajo participativo en las acciones de la organizacion. La incertidumbre, en algunos casos cronica y progresiva, acerca de la evolucion de la funcion directiva y de su contenido futuro, genera una creciente ansiedad por parte de los ejecutivos de empresa, que es posible satisfacer mediante la identificacion de algunas caracteristicas que, definen el perfil del directivo del nuevo siglo que estamos comenzando. Uno de los elementos que forman parte del minimo comun denominador del perfil de los directivos de exito es, crecientemente, su capacidad para establecer y desarrollar relaciones con otras personas. Parece existir una correlacion muy estrecha entre la capacidad de establecer una red amplia y efectiva de relaciones, de un lado, y la generacion de nuevas oportunidades de negocio, la excelencia en la direccion de personas y la fidelizacion de los clientes, de otro. La experiencia demuestra que la habilidad para desarrollar contactos no es una capacidad innata, genetica, sino mas bien resultado del ejercicio y del aprendizaje, algo adquirido con la practica. Hay muchos factores que estimulan el desarrollo de esta habilidad. Haber residido en el extranjero durante largas estancias, formar parte de familias numerosas o entornos familiares amplios, manejar varios idiomas, la movilidad laboral o el acceso a la formacion continuada a lo largo de la carrera profesional son circunstancias que propician una mejor disposicion a crear contactos efectivos. Las transformaciones del entorno empresarial determinan, cada vez en mayor medida, la necesidad de que los directivos cuenten con esta singular habilidad para desarrollar redes de trabajo. La globalizacion de los mercados o las barreras difusas entre sectores empresariales hacen necesario, por ejemplo, que un directivo cuente con relaciones personales en otros paises o en areas de actividad diversas. De hecho, el mercado laboral valora esta capacidad como uno de los aspectos basicos en los procesos de seleccion de directivos entre las mayores empresas. La adaptacion al cambio y una vision estrategica pasan a ser obligatorias y practicamente decisivas, "Hacer lo mismo" o "seguir igual" son expresiones desterradas de la argumentacion empresarial. Ciertamente, muchas oportunidades para innovar o para desarrollar nuevas oportunidades de negocio consisten en enfocar los procesos empresariales, la manera de hacer las cosas, de una forma diferente, diversa de las convenciones. Uno de los ejemplos recientes mas claros es la distribucion de productos de consumo a traves de Internet, sector que ha nivel mundial se ha desarrollado de una manera que hace unos anos ni si quiera imaginariamos, es mas que pareceria sacada de las peliculas. No obstante, la cada vez mas veloz evolucion de los cambios hace mas necesario, si cabe, el desarrollo de una vision estrategica que permita identificar la actividad nuclear de una empresa, sobre la base de las necesidades satisfechas a sus clientes o usuarios. El tener un espiritu emprendedor tiene que ver con el hecho de la adopcion de un punto de vista empresarial, y no puramente administrativo, es una de las facetas mas exigidas al directivo de empresa. Este hecho tiene un reflejo evidente en la reestructuracion organizativa que se esta llevando a cabo en muchas empresas a raiz de fusiones, adquisiciones, etcetera. Su objetivo es dotar de mayor responsabilidad y capacidad de decision a las unidades de negocio, en detrimento de los organos de decision corporativos. La progresiva apertura de los mercados internacionales demanda de los directivos una marcada capacidad para operar y conducirse en entornos multiculturales. Esto se manifiesta, por ejemplo, en la exigencia de comunicarse, en muchas situaciones, empleando una version pragmatica del ingles manejable por directivos de procedencia diversa que representa la lengua franca del mundo empresarial. Por lo tanto, el manejo de dicha lengua se ha convertido en una herramienta imprescindible para el futuro directivo. El uso de un idioma comun ha sido, por ejemplo, uno de los factores que mas ha ayudado a la ingente inversion directa de empresas espanolas en Latinoamerica en los ultimos anos. Sera necesario dominar, como minimo, dos idiomas correctamente; tres es un numero razonable, y con cuatro ya te puedes desenvolver con tranquilidad. Lo mas adecuado para dominar cualquier idioma es pasar una temporada en ese pais. El ingles sigue siendo lider en el ranking de idiomas. Le siguen el frances y aleman, aunque lo fundamental es tener conocimiento de la lengua que se habla en el pais de origen de la multinacional. Los futuros directivos espanoles cuentan con una ventaja: saben castellano, el tercer idioma del mundo y el principal en America Latina, una zona de inversion mas relevante cada dia. Ademas del dominio de idiomas, tambien se exige el respetar la idiosincrasia de los clientes o socios de diferentes culturas. Por otro lado, la sensibilizacion de los directivos hacia los problemas eticos, tanto internos como externos a la empresa, es otro aspecto que progresivamente esta siendo valorado por los inversores, por los clientes y por el resto de la sociedad. Indudablemente, las caracteristicas anteriores apuntan a un perfil de directivo muy distinto del gerente de hace varias decadas, cuyo patron se ajustaba en mayor medida al control y la supervision. Motivar y generar confianza, apertura hacia la innovacion, capacidad para comunicar eficazmente los directivos consumen la mayor parte de su tiempo hablando con otras personas y vision estrategica para emprender cambios son todas ellas facultades, de naturaleza mas politica que gerencial, que dibujan un nuevo estilo de liderazgo. La preparacion universitaria debe buscar un amplio campo de aplicacion y universalidad en los conocimientos. Orientar adecuadamente a los jovenes que pretenden iniciarse en el mundo empresarial, asi si un individuo estudia una carrera, hay que procurar que este relacionada con la empresa en la que se pretende trabajar. Se puede dar el caso de estudiar filologia hispanica y acabar siendo el responsable de una empresa de ordenadores, aunque no es lo normal. Mas que los estudios universitarios en si, lo relevante es poseer una buena formacion y mucha iniciativa personal. La experiencia profesional es un factor imprescindible ya que, para ser directivo, se debe conocer al detalle los entresijos de la empresa. Se valora mas que cualquier estudio previo. Al final, cuando se este sentado en un sillon tomando decisiones, habra acumulado suficiente informacion y conocimientos para resolver los problemas. Una vez en la empresa, aprovechar el tiempo y absorber cada nueva idea que surja. Tomar iniciativas, ya que la mejor forma de demostrar que se vale es haciendose imprescindible. Luego, paciencia, que los ascensos siempre llegan. No hay un umbral minimo de edad, pero tampoco maximo. Segun los expertos, el gerente del siglo XXI puede tener desde los 30 hasta los 65 anos. Suponiendo que se han realizado los estudios con exito, que se ha hecho un master y que se ha estudiado en el extranjero, no se podra entrar a trabajar en una compania hasta los 25 anos. No es normal, por lo tanto, acceder a un alto cargo antes de los 30 porque, hasta esa edad, no ha terminado la ubicacion en la empresa. En cuanto al sexo, es una cuestion que ya esta superada. El porcentaje de ofertas de trabajo que tienen en cuenta el sexo del solicitante no supera el 1,5%, mientras que el resto, un 98,5%, no lo especifica como criterio de seleccion; dato extrapoladle a los directivos. Incluso el sexo se tiene en cuenta, pero en su caracter de discriminacion positiva hacia las mujeres. Actualmente, ellas son mayoria en las aulas universitarias y, como es logico, tienen mas posibilidades de hacerse con un puesto directivo. Las empresas tienen una especial predisposicion a adaptarse al entorno social que le rodea y este se encuentra dominado por las mujeres. Aun asi, algunas empresas consultadas indican que la mujer tiene que demostrar dia a dia que es valida para el puesto, situacion que no se da con los hombres. Con conocimientos en informatica, pero sin ser un informatico. Los ordenadores son una herramienta de trabajo que se debe emplear con la mayor soltura posible en el trabajo. Es indispensable saber navegar por Internet y tener los conocimientos suficientes para que no sea el numero de telefono del ingeniero de sistemas el mas marcado. Seria inutil detallar los programas que son necesarios conocer, porque la informatica se va renovando dia a dia. Eso si, no hay que dejar pasar cualquier novedad que surja. Debe tener un conocimiento profundo de los modelos de negocio, tanto de las empresas como de los pequenos comercios. Para ello, tiene que saber escuchar a la persona que esta al otro lado, pero no de forma pasiva, sino reaccionando. Otro aspecto consiste en sentir pasion por el negocio del que formas parte. Si tiene lo que los americanos denominan passion for the bussines (pasion por el trabajo), las dos primeras condiciones vienen solas. 3. Conclusiones El cambio de milenio es una buena oportunidad para reflexionar sobre las habilidades caracteristicas que el nuevo entorno empresarial demanda de los directivos. Los directivos del siglo XXI seran similares a los de la decada de los noventa, pero no iguales. La preparacion sera diferente y las formas de trabajo variaran. Idiomas, estudios, conocimientos informaticos y capacidad de comunicacion son algunos de los aspectos a tener en cuenta para ser un directivo. Lo primero es tener ganas de conseguir el cargo; despues, mucho sacrificio. La mejor medicina es la confianza y la peor la infravaloracion personal o el desanimo. Las caracteristicas que hoy conocemos son utiles, pero cada vez se tornaran mas inseparables; debera ser estratega, pero al tiempo organizador y lider, pero para poder organizar necesita saber hacia donde va, como va a organizarse, y en cada etapa saber ser lider, segun se lo vaya exigiendo cada epoca de la historia, aunque a lo largo de la existencia del hombre en la tierra el lider siempre ha sido caracteristico sobre los demas. Debera pues saber de todo lo bueno un poco, pero tambien conocer de las cosas malas que pueden afectar una organizacion, y ser consciente de que a medida que avanza el tiempo ademas de presentarsele en el camino herramientas utiles para sobrellevar cualquier adversidad, aparecen tambien puntos negros que opacan el panorama. Hay que saber combinar en la proporcion perfecta, habilidades tecnicas, personales, especificas, y generales; “la idea es concebir una maquina perfecta para la direccion con todos los conocimientos en cuanto a la administracion se refiere, pero con mucho de corazon, y carisma entre las personas”. 4. Referencias apicsmx. com. mx/ printech. com/resources/earticle. shtml iienet. org adminstraccion. com. ar Microsoft. com Lagaceta. com. ar

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“What’s Wrong with Cinderella” by Peggy Orenstein

Nothing wrong with Cinderella In “What’s Wrong with Cinderella”, the writer raised various issues and concerns regarding the physical and mental impact brought upon the younger generations by princess-themed toys. The writer, Peggy Orenstein, is a self-proclaimed feminist who writes for New York Times and many other prominent publications. The writer claims that the princess-themed commercial products have distressing effects in shaping young female generations’ outlooks as well as their personalities.

However, in my opinion, the reality is not as worrying as she claims. These princess-themed products are merely the young generations’ domestic playmates at the very young age. As the children grow older and become more involved with their social environment, their interests shift quickly and generally such playmates are left behind and no long have a significant role in their lives, that is, if they ever had an important role at all. Thus, I find the issues raised in this article generally irrelevant in today’s world context and instead, the child’s family and social environment should play a much more significant role in their lives. Social, school and peer environments are the main factors contributing to the development of females’ personalities and outlooks. As compared to these factors, the effects of princess-themed products seem to be insignificant.

Even the writer herself ponders: “Or maybe it is even less complex than that: to mangle Freud, maybe a princess is sometimes just a princess”(para. 1) . By experience, almost everyone had their toys in some form at the very young age. However, few, if at all, still keep their toys as they reach young adulthood. (except for professional and recreational toy collectors and traders) The child becomes preoccupied with school, their peers and family matters. Their school and peer environments are the deciding factors to their outlooks and characters at this stage. As mentioned in the text “in a survey released last October by Girls Inc. school-age girls overwhelmingly reported a paralyzing pressure to be ‘perfect’: not only to get straight A’s and be the student-body president, editor of the newspaper and captain of the swim team but also to be ‘kind and caring,’”(para, 19) Such trend among the school-aged children is definitely not a result of the princess-themed product they played with when they were younger. There is no clear link between being a princess and a newspaper editor or captain of the swim team. Obviously, the school culture and peer pressure are the more important factors which made young females aspire such positions.

One might argue that this is the result of playing with princess toys because they taught the children to be “kind and caring” just like a princess. In my opinion, the toys themselves do not have any personalities. They are just toys. However, they are associated with characters depicted in Disney fairytales who do have various feminine traits. If we were to question why young females aspire to be “kind and caring”, credit goes to the characters in the Disney movies and books, but not the toys themselves. In addition, according to studies, individuals are characterized by their personalities which develop over life span under influence of both intrinsic factors such as biological drives and extrinsic factors such as the several components of environment, society and family. As compared to the impact other factors brought upon the child’s character development, princess toys, seem to be insignificant.

Young females’ pursuit of their careers and dreams are influenced largely by their families, schools and peers. The princess-themed products do not seem to influence young females’ aspirations and careers ambitions in the long run. Like what Mooney commented in the source: “I see girls expanding their imagination through visualizing themselves as princesses, and then they pass through that phase and end up becoming lawyers, doctors, mothers or princesses, whatever the case may be. ” (para. 18) The reality is, in today’s world where women are independent and educated, there are few, if at all, princesses. Clearly the princess-themed toys have not been much of an obstacle in young females’ road of success. As the children grow up, their interests generally shift quickly from playing with simple toys to more complex activities which requires more interactions with their families, peers and the society in general. During such activities they learn and become fascinated with new things and their aspirations for certain careers are triggered. The princess-themed toys are often left behind in a corner. It’s obvious the toys have little influence on young females’ pursuit of careers.

The writer raised an issue regarding the princess-themed stored targeted specifically at the young females. Although, in my opinion, most of the writer’s concerns are irrelevant in today’s world, I find this issue alarmingly worthy of discussion. In the midst of the princess products competitions, Club Libby Lu’s marketing schemes immediately captured the young female customers. The influence, however, are negative on the young females. As mentioned in the article, the product being marketed “makes them look like little prostitutes. ” ( para. 46) However, this issue has more relevance to the marketer’s business ethics and strategies rather than princess-themed product itself, which is not within the scope of the discussion in this article. The article has raise interesting concerns and issues, although, in my opinion, many are of no relevance to the reality in today’s world. I believe, the writer is not unaware of this herself, as she has raised rhetorical questions many times throughout the whole article. As a feminist and mother, the writer could be merely expressing her nostalgic feelings and concerns for her child’s growth as a mother through this article. In conclusion, princess-themed products do not have significant influence on young female generations and they are mere toys that have little impact on females’ pursuit of career. Nothing is wrong with Cinderella. Let toys just be toys. It is like what the writer’s daughter said at the end of the article “but when I grow up, I am still going to be a fireman. ” ( para. 55)

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“What’s Wrong with Cinderella” by Peggy Orenstein. (2017, Sep 25). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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Marketing and Branding

Pharmasim Simulation Rough Draft Marketing 301-003, Professor Jamir Savla Group 2: Rachel Tzapp, Anora Suber, Narissa Suber, Rupal Amin TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement……………………………………………………………………….. 3 Marketing Strategies…………………………………………………………………….. 3 S. W. O. T. Analysis Strengths…………………………………………………………………………… …5 Weaknesses………………………………………………………………………. 7 Figure 1, BCG Matrix…….. …………………………………………8 Opportunities……………………………………………………………………. 9 Threats………………………………………………………………………….. 10 Marketing Activities……………………………………………………………………11 Figure 2, Pricing Graph……………………………………. …. 14 Figure 3, Advertising Budget Graph………………………. ……. 15 Lessons Learned……………………………………………………………………… …17 Mission Statement: Allstar Brands’ over-the-counter cold and allergy remedy Allround will continue to be a leader in the market for over-the-counter cold medicines, and will remain competitive in stock price among our other companies within a ten year span of operations. This goal will be accomplished through the careful surveillance of our top competitors, as well as through strategic planning to evolve our product to suit the desires and needs of consumers. The branding team will control the financial growth of our product by implementing cautious pricing and promotion strategies, while increasing our distribution to where our consumers will be most likely to purchase it. Marketing Strategies:

• Objective #1: Increase the stock price by 5% each year until 100% overall increase o Through effective advertising and promotions the consulting group desires to increase the stock price annually.

• Objective #2: Increase loyal customers by 15% Through promotions and allowances it is desired to gain the loyalty of customers who have not yet made Allround purchases. Reminder advertising will be used to maintain the loyalty of consumers who have used the Allround brand in the past.

• Objective #3: Increase sales by 50% by focusing on targeting a diverse consumer base o Target different audiences through the use of different advertising agencies.

The management team believes that if it can diversify the market, the firm would receive more recognition from the public as a whole and therefore would have an advantage profitable for Allstar. Objective #4: To have greatest market share by 40% in the next 5 years o Through introducing and maintaining new products within 5 years. o If risk appears too great, budget left over for product introduction will be re-directed to the budget for promotion.

• Objective #5: Keep up with changing environment of the market for the duration of the ten year period o Keeping up with the changing environment and competition so that product becomes the only inexpensive cure to its consumers. (e. g. nflation- change in price)

• Objective #6: Increase brand awareness from 45 – 60 % in the next 2 – 3 years o Increase advertising and promotional allowances for the new products of the firm as well as decreasing advertising for past products and getting resources for the most efficient and practical medicine for the most common diseases.

• Objective #7: To parallel changes in price to percentage changes rise of the rate of inflation o Prevent a price hike so as to stay relatively cheaper than our competitors without losing profit. Create an image of affordability for all consumers so as to attract members of various household incomes.

• Objective #8: Maintain at least $1,000,000 in the budget at the conclusion of every fiscal year o Since profit is typically negative or nonexistent throughout a product’s introduction, after this phase is complete cash on hand is crucial for having funds available to pay off any debt that may be incurred Strengths: Allstar is a well-known and nationally recognized company for pharmaceutical drugs. Allstar’s brand, Allround, is also a dominant force in the market as an over-the-counter cold and allergy medication. The cough serum is known for its ability to provide fast-acting relief with minimal side affects, such as drowsiness. While consumers seemed satisfied with the product overall, a major strength of the company was the knowledge that even though as leader in terms of market share, without continuous modification of the product this success would not continue.

And so, through careful implementation on a marketing mix focused on product improvement, gradual rises in price, direction profits towards increased promotion, and changes in distribution channels as the market dictated, Allstar’s brand Allround remained a top competitor. All decisions made within the company by management were consumer-driven and thus feedback was utilized as efficiently and accurately as possible on a regular basis by purchasing the appropriate surveys. When considering any changes towards the chemical makeup on the product, the customer’s best interest was taken into account and this led to an early decision in the second year to remove alcohol as a main ingredient. In light that consumer feedback was a major component in the decision-making process, these results helped to guide the way throughout the entire experience. The management team was proven correct in the assumption that in the long run a strong attention to feedback was critical because our stock price continuously placed Allstar’s brand Allround as third among a lengthy list of competitors. In addition to consumer feedback, consumer patterns were carefully monitored.

The product’s price was adjusted according to the varying inflation rate as the market and the consumers evolved. Allstar purchased pricing surveys at the beginning of ever fiscal year entitled “Trade Offs” so that the branding team could see where the price fell, as compared to those of its competitors, versus the rate of inflation. As inflation shot up through the years, until its rapid decline from 8. 5% to 6. 7% in the seventh year, the price increased steadily in increments between 2-7%. This cautious approach placed Allstar as one of the most affordable brands, thus strengthening sales on an annual basis. Promotion, as the most important focus of operations, was always appropriated the most funds from the annual budget. Even though most companies chose to reduce expenses by taking their business to a cheaper advertising agency, Allstar did not do so. The branding team never left Brewster to become a client of a less experienced and less expensive agency because it was clear that only the best in the field could provide the image that Allstar needed to remain competitive.

The firm felt that this expense would pay itself off in sales because profitability in the long run was more important than saving money in the short run. A strength of the distribution plan established by the branding team mainly involved a shift to give deeper discounts and more inventory to grocery stores, and fewer discounts and less products to Independent and Chain Drugstores. These stores consistently decreased in sales where grocery stores remained fairly stable, even throughout the worst times on inflation. These choices helped the firm to maneuver its way through only those distribution channels which would perform best economically in the long run, rather than the short run. Weaknesses: A major weakness at Allstar was the rise in competition for market share that heated up just as the new branding team assembled itself. Rising competition from other brands kept created a constant battle to increase stock price without losing ethical grounds to unfair competition practices, as some companies engage in when threatened. Our biggest competitor, BestHelp, trailed us in market share after the first year; however, their company’s share was growing at a faster rate than Allstar’s soon thereafter. The firm’s goal was to not only expand at a faster rate than BestHelp, but to control a majority of the market by the end of the ten year decision-making process.

Thus, the drive to dominate the competition so ntensely caused management to lose focus at times which brought about weaknesses in our marketing mix, excluding any issues with the product itself. Our pricing at times could have been higher even though it was this low price which the consulting group believed that aided our sales. As it turns out, Allstar could still have remained the lowest and brought in good sales had it entered into the $6. 00 category sooner, as was done by the competition. Yet, the price did not hit that mark until the fifth year where it transitioned up 5% from $5. 72 to $6. 0, whereas the competitors had moved past that range by the third year. Even though Allstar did not experience a great loss, this could have prevented the firm from being attainting the highest stock price.

Another possibility could have been that management did not move swiftly enough in the transitions between the stages of the product life cycle. In spite of the fact that we did move from Primary to Benefit to Comparison to Reminder stages according to where our product was in terms of profit and maturity, there was a stalling period between years 4 and 5. In the third year, the branding team moved 10% of the funds from both Comparison and Reminder to both Primary and Benefit in order to stay focused on the Introductory phase; we then remained stagnant until the sixth year. At that time, Primary advertising decreased by 10% and Reminder by 20% so that Benefit advertising encompassed 50% of the entire budget. Despite this being the correct move during a Cash Cow phase, as according to the BCG Matrix used as a model, this should have been done a year earlier. Allstar was already nearing the period where it would begin to decline, yet marketing decisions were temporarily not up to date to reflect this fact in terms of advertising budget allocation. Relative Market Share (cash generation) HighLow | | | |Stars |Question Marks | |[pic] [pic] | |Growth – (Benefit) |Introduction – (Primary) | | | | |Cash Cow |Dog | |[pic] [pic] | | | |[pic] | |Maturity – (Comparison) | | | |Decline – (Reminder) | Figure 1 illustrates the Boston Consulting Group Matrix which discusses the product life cycle. A weakness in the distribution plan was that aside from the astute assumption to emphasize grocery store sales, the branding team often neglected shifting funds from other areas such as from indirect supporters like wholesalers. The team could have left less money in the final budget and given a deeper discount to wholesalers and merchandisers, yet there was a prevalent fear that showing less cash on hand would affect stockholders’ confidence. Looking back this seems to be an error, since no cash was used towards any other product. Had Allstar launched another product during the seventh year, the accumulated savings would have been justified, yet this did not occur and so that money was not fully utilized.

Nevertheless, all weaknesses having been said and analyzed, our branding team does not believe that ultimately these mistakes cost the firm too greatly in comparison to the success it experienced. Opportunities: As a leading competitor in the pharmaceutical market, there were many opportunities for Allstar to best market its brand Allround. At Allstar, the consultants considered any chance to meet demands not only as an opportunity, but a personal duty to the consumers. There was a strong demand for a quick relief cough serum, non-drowsy formulas, and pleasant after-taste.

Due to the demand for a quick relief cough serum so many other competitors penetrated the market in such a short period of time. As time progressed and scientific discoveries became more developed, consumers expected the cold and allergy market to provide more advanced formulas. It is true that better technology and more highly educated scientists became available to Allstar throughout this period of time. Hence, the firm took advantage of the growth in its knowledge pool and re-developed the formula to act as quickly as possible. The firm’s advertising Agency, Brewster, then used this edge to market Allround as an over-the-counter scientific breakthrough. In addition to quick relief, consumers also demanded cough serums that were non-drowsy since they felt that this would have an adverse affect on their daily lives. Reformulating our cough serum by dropping alcohol as an ingredient decreased drowsiness, and so we took this opportunity to shed positive light on our efforts to be a concerned friend of the consumers. Brewster noted to management that this was the best route to take because consumers are wary of big business in general, and so they must be approached warmly. By accommodating the consumers and developing the demanded non-drowsy formula, Allstar’s stock price rose to the third highest at the conclusion of that year.

Another opportunity was satisfying the demand for quick relief, yet without our medication leaving behind an unpleasant taste. Thus, introducing a capsule that performs just as a cough serum would be equally effective, yet without the unpleasant taste. This advantage was something that the branding team had hoped to develop right away since most other companies had decided to, yet Allround’s success on the shelves as a serum prevented us from launching additional products. The consultants reasoned that spending the money on a potentially successful medication did seem logical when the same medication in its liquid form was so well received by the public. Threats: Allstar’s brand Allround was constantly presented threats to its financial success. Allstar made every effort possible to reduce threats by focusing on strengths, while at the same time improving weaknesses and capitalizing on rational and defendable opportunities.

Yet, inevitably particular issues in the daily and annual operations needed to be faced. One threat was consumer dissatisfaction with the unhealthy contents of cold and allergy products. The consumer concern about the ingredients of the cough serum posed a huge threat to Allstar’s success. The branding team placed a lot of stock into consumer feedback, which led to extensive research to improve the quality of the cough serum without affecting the product’s effectiveness. Allstar’s scientists reassured management that eliminating alcohol would not weaken the product’s abilities and so to appease consumers we acted upon this suggestion.

Another on-going threat was the level of control Allstar’s competitors had over the market share. The only way to alleviate this threat was to carefully consider each decision. One issue that persistently arose was whether or not to introduce a new product to our line. The branding team became apprehensive that other companies were having success due to income from multiple products. However, because the firm was consumer-driven, management trusted that as long as consumer demands were met, sales and market share would improve by focusing all attention on only one superior product. After all, it did not seem economically sound to sell many inferior medications as opposed to one that could be recognized as the consumer’s preference in that market.

Marketing Activities: In order to achieve the first marketing objective of raising and maintaining a high stock price, Allstar followed the product life cycle and expended the appropriate amount of the budget to advertising and promotions of that product. For example, the first few years of the product’s life, the product was in the Introduction period and because of this most of the promotions and advertising budget went towards the Primary stage. The second stage of the product’s life was the Growth stage and so the budget was shifted in this stage to Benefit advertising in order to reflect growth.

Hence, very little of the budget was placed in the Comparison portion, as well as the Reminder stage we had not yet reached. The third stage was the Maturity stage and during this stage all money was taken from the Primary part of promotion as well as a sharp decrease from Benefit advertising. The majority of the budget was focused on Comparison during the most profitable stage, and thus the firm continued to place no extra fund towards Reminder. The final stage of the product life cycle is the Decline stage.

During the ighth year the firm shifted to build up the Reminder portion of advertising and eventually had all of the funds within that category. The branding team shifted funds this way so that our many competitors would not distract consumers away from the Allround product. In order to achieve marketing objective 2, to increase customer loyalty, Allstar maintained a high quality product at an affordable price in the introduction period. The consultants then priced the product according to the market and inflation rates to ensure that the customers were getting the best product for a fair price. By adhering to the customer first, and looking out the firm’s their best interest, Allstar gained loyal customers and continued to gain new customers as well. In order to achieve marketing objective 3, to increase sales by focusing on growth of a diversified consumer base, Allstar had planned on changing advertising agencies. However, considering that Allround was in the top three in stock pricing the first seven years of operation, Allround’s management decided that the current marketing agency was doing a superb job in reaching a diversified crowd of consumers. Therefore, it was formulated that by remaining a loyal customer of Brewster Advertising Agency, the public would remain loyal customers of Allstar.

This being said, the company expanded on its own due to strong and continuous customer support in sales. In order to achieve marketing objective 4, to control the greatest portion of market share, as previously stated Allstar remained a strong leader by minimizing risks. The firm did not make any rash decisions which would cause consumers to feel that they have been neglected. There were no moves to hikes prices simply because the market was suffering overall. There were also no moves to create any new products so that Allstar would not lose touch with its keystone product, Allround.

The branding team did not follow the introduction of new products, because of the sentiment that ultimately this would not increase overall profitability. Even though within ten years some companies are expected roll out new product, more successful ones do not. We benchmarked success giants within our field such as Tylenol® to model how they stayed competitive. Even though the Tylenol® brand serves many purposes, in their specific cold and allergy market they have reformulated the same exact medicine over several years. It is still cold and allergy medication, however they improved ingredients to become non-drowsy, nasal decongestant, multi-symptom, etc. And so even though it is still Tylenol® Allergy Complete, it is one product that they modified until it became perfected by their standards. As a common practice, benchmarking has allowed many companies to model themselves after successful companies within their respective field. In the end the observations Allstar made, such as the one just described, provided insight that weak sales in many areas do not necessarily outperform strong sales in just one area. In order to achieve marketing objective 5, keeping up with the changing environment, Allstar had to monitor the competition’s marketing mix as intensely as it did its own. When competitors increased their prices too drastically in comparison to the inflation rate, the firm remained more moderate.

When competitors introduced more products into the market even though they had yet to dominate the market with their first product, Allstar opted to focus on only one product. During shifts in advertising tactics and agencies among the competition, the company remained steady in its relationship with Brewster. These examples of our behavior pattern as a company illustrated to our consumers that we are very secure.

During insecure financial times, this made a huge difference in consumer perception and so Allround became a trusted product. [pic] Figure 2 illustrates the pricing pattern Allstar for the Allround product for a period of ten years. The outgoing branding consultants would strongly advise the next team to diligently monitor the inflation rate, the prices of similar products on the market, budget allocation patterns of other companies, and to above all remain focused on the long run when looking at short run return on investment. This will ensure that Allstar is serving the consumer’s needs at all times while still taking in profits. In order to achieve marketing objective 6, to increase brand awareness 45-60% by the third year at the latest, Allstar adjusted the advertising budget. Advertising was spent according to the stage that the product was in (introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) as modeled from the BCG Matrix, and also was proportional to the allotted budget for the year. As expenses and profits fluctuated, the numbers were adjusted accordingly without increasing or decreasing more than $5,000,000 in any given year.

Furthermore, brand awareness was perpetuated by increasing inventory and discounts in the stores that were selling the most of the Allround product. [pic] Figure 3 illustrates the fluctuation of funds used by Allstar to promote the Allround product. In order to achieve marketing objective 7, to parallel price changes by the percentage change of the rate of inflation, Allstar remained consistent in its pursuit to remain slightly above inflation. Management’s investment in pricing surveys allowed the branding team to ensure that Allround’s price was moving just above the rate of inflation. The firm’s competitors were shown to increase their prices far above the percentage change between annual inflation increases and decreases. Allstar did not see this as a financially responsible practice. By doing so, Allstar would not only lose its affordable appeal to consumers, but it would also jeopardize sales by posing such sudden increases. It became important to remember that while the rate of inflation could fluctuate throughout time, the price set at each decision meeting would be in effect for the entire year. From the eyes of the consumers, the branding team saw that people would have negative reactions to paying an entire dollar more one day for our product than they spent just the previous day.

Since the inflation rate was at its peak from years four through seven, these decisions consisted of higher percentage increases in price than at other times. Typically the firm only increased annual price by 2%, however it jumped to a 5% increase for years four and five, and a 6% increase for year six. After a 2% year seven, to counteract the unordinary high increase of 7% from year six, inflation dropped. Eventually, in year nine inflation was predicted to be only 2%, which is an all-time low since the beginning of this project, and so a 2% price increase was decided. Another reason that this change was particularly small was so that the outgoing branding team could see its affect on the $54. 50 stock price before handing down the project to another team. By allowing inflation to help dictate price changes, Allstar remained competitive without loss of profits and maintained a strong and steady stock price between the low to mid $50 range.

The branding team recognizes that this is lower than the top competitor’s stock price of low to mid $80 range. Nonetheless, the firm did not experience dramatic increases and decreases in stock price, which can be seen as unstable to stock holders. The firm felt that it would be more securing to Allstar’s future if the stock price did not appear to radically change so that stock holders would not divest, even if this meant that it was not the highest. In order to achieve marketing objective 8, to always maintain at least $1,000,000 in the budget, Allstar restricted spending in various areas. Costs were controlled by rarely discounting stores who did not receive at least 2,500 units of the product, by never increasing the advertising budget by a total of $10 million for the duration of ten years, and by limiting spending on indirect advertising such as trial sizes. The consultants felt that since distribution was centered around grocery stores and other mass merchandisers, then they were the ones who deserved a discount. Smaller distributors such as convenience stores did not have large stocks of Allround and its competitors, and their business was not focused on those sales; and so it was not necessary to provide extra incentive. During the rare times when they did receive any discounts, they were kept at a minimum between $500,000 and $1,000,000. In terms of the advertising budget increases, Allstar did acknowledge that promotion was key in generating sales.

Thus, this element of Allstar’s marketing mix for the medication Allround was given the most money in increases every fiscal year. After the largest jump, $4,500,000 from $20,500,000 to $25,000,000 in year two, increases remained consistent of $1,000,000 a year and higher.

Through this allotment Allstar was able to afford the most expensive advertising agency, Brewster, without spending all of the cash on hand. A final way in which Allstar retained a small amount of cash for the budget was by not overly promoting trial sizes and point of purchase versions of Allround. These were seen as commonplace in places such as convenience stores, yet those distributors do not represent areas where most sales are made. For this reason the branding team merely shifted money that was already in that budget so that trial sizes would receive the most of the allowance at $1,500,000. Other than that, this area did not seem vital and allowed small portions of cash to be saved for the small amount of budget of approximately $1,000,000 that Allstar held on to every year. Lessons Learned: Our team has learned that not making significant changes on a yearly basis can hurt the overall performance of the company in the end. We monitored our competitors too closely and were basing most of our significant decisions on pricing parallel to their prices.

This damaged our profits at the beginning of the third year when we incurred more financial responsibilities, but were not taking in more profits from our product than the year before. One particularly clever decision we made to counter this problem was to then raise the price and modify our product to remove alcohol. Consumer feedback informed us that this ingredient displeased consumers when using a cold medicine and so our sensitivity to their feedback improved our consumer relations. The branding team at Allstar defines consumer relations in terms of sales, and so the increase of goods sold indicated to this firm that consumers were please with our actions. Furthermore, our team expanded our distribution with the grocery store chains carrying our product. Given that they sold the greatest amounts of our product, we deducted our cost to them in bulk. As the consultants monitored the decrease in sales by minor vendors, such as convenience stores and independent drug stores, the reliance on grocery stores became greater.

This proved to be a good choice since inflation rates were at all time highs during the product’s most profitable stage; and so consumers purchased most of their products at grocery stores where they knew the products would cost less. Although it may have been beneficial had we marketed more point of purchase versions, we believe that our profits would not have greatly increased from the minor income that would have resulted from such small revenue. Also, we did not want to deviate from marketing the form that most grocery stores sold, which is in the original package and with the original size. Our promotion pattern increased on a fairly regularly basis during each annual analysis. We knew that the more publicity that the Allround product received, the more commonplace the name and look of the medicine would be. We followed in suit of the BCG Matrix and moved funds from Primary to Benefit to Comparison to Reminder according to where we were in the product’s life cycle. Professionally, we practiced very safe increases here, and discontinued increasing after year nine. Allround’s stock price declined nearly 17% that year and so only conservative spending was done in the last year of operations.

The stock price then bounced back nearly 20% and so the group learned that over spending does not guarantee good sales. Unlike our competitors, we only had one product to support. This was regularly debated by all members of the branding team until the time passed in which a product could even be introduced. We have all learned that in order for major group decisions to work, that all members of the group must have equal input and must put in equal effort. At times, some members of the branding team focused only on one aspect of the marketing mix while the others focused on a completely different factor. It would have been best for all members to move through each step together, as a cohesive unit, so that everyone would feel pleased about the direction of the company. However, due to time constraints and personal interests, this is not what happened and there was brief tension over the issue that a new product was not rolled out. Therefore, more was learned by the group the actual emotional experience than from the financial setbacks.

This too is also very important overall when marketing a product because the firm was not only marketing Allround, but it was marketing itself, Allstar. As the outgoing branding team, we understand the importance of an open line of communication to aid the new team in their transition. Ideally, we would like to always be available to these individuals. However, in reality this is not always possible and is especially not feasible in an industry that is expected to see rapid growth and change in products in the coming years.

Thus, this places the effort into the hands of the new team. Upon our departure, we will orally convey to them our willingness to remain accessible to them, and we will provide typed copies of all pertinent contact information to every new member. In summation, we now know that the next team to take over this project should be aware that while it is always wise to monitor your competitors, it is never practical to duplicate their actions. This proved to be particularly true as companies moved out of the top three ranking while we remained consistent in our performance. In addition, we learned that taking too many risks is also not ise and so a steady pattern of decisions will best serve the interests of Allstar’s Brand Allround in the future. As a final note, the incoming branding team should begin the introduction of a new product as soon as they are comfortable in their roles. This is crucial for the firm’s place as a leader in the cold and allergy market, in light that the Allround product is now on the decline. It was this key area that kept the current branding team from accomplishing the Mission Statement in its entirety.

All success and failures considered, the experience has been very enlightening and will be good experience for anyone who takes it on after our retirement. ———————– Market Growth Rate (cash usage)

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Marketing and Branding. (2017, Sep 25). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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Analytical Essay for “In Cold Blood” Truman Capote

Analytical Essay for “In Cold Blood” Truman Capote, in his narrative “In Cold Blood”, characterizes Holcomb, Kansas as a dull and trivial town. Capote expresses his views of Holcomb through diction and contrast. In the passage, Capote’s diction helps the reader to understand his view on Holcomb as being insignificant and boring. Words such as “irrelevant sign”, “haphazard hamlet” and “falling-apart post office” portray Capote’s view on the “lonesome” village. A picture of the irrelevant town is also painted when Capote describes different parts of it; “the streets, unnamed, unshaded, and unpaved” is a good example of his choice of words. Capote also describes the people wearing “rawhide jackets”, “denims”, and “cowboy boots”, showing the small, western town style of the village’s inhabitants. Capote’s diction is an important role in expressing his views about Holcomb, and informing the reader of how unimportant the town is. Capote’s choice to contrast certain aspects of the town also helps to convey the “aimless congregation” of Holcomb. At first, Holcomb is described as an ordinary town with “flat land”, being somewhat “out there” and its people having an “accent barbed with a prairie twang. ” These boring qualities of Holcomb are supported by Capote’s allusions to the “ramshackle mansion”, “one-story frame affairs”, and the “peeling sulphur-colored paint” of the depot. After Capote has built this view of Holcomb, he contrasts the town with an unanticipated outlook on the town. He describes the school as “modern and ably staffed”, the people as “prosperous”, and that Finney County “has done well. The contrast of different parts of Holcomb make you wonder what other things about Holcomb are you not aware of. Truman Capote expressed his views of Holcomb to be uneventful and having no significance what so ever. He was able to communicate his views to the reader through his choice of diction and the way he contrasted different features of Holcomb. Capote’s choice of rhetorical devises help to set up the town of Holcomb in the way that foreshadowed an event that will forever change the town.

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Menswear: Formal SuitJackets

Menswear is an area of function which has seen innovative and contemporary design changes. Under menswear product categories, we have seen development of new areas and styling definitions. Menswear can broadly be divided into Outerwear Furnishings Bifurcates Work wear Neck wear Shoes & Accessories ? Outerwear Outerwear usually consists of clothing worn over shirts, vests etc. They are over garments, i. e. , to be worn over another garments. Outerwear are usually jackets or coats which are worn either as protective clothing or as a fashion statement. Jackets A jacket is a type of sleeved hip- or waist-length garment. It is a type of coat, and in some instances either term can be used for the same article. A jacket is generally shorter, ending just below the waist, and often lighter. Some jackets are fashionable, while others serve as protective clothing. Jackets can be furthur classified into:- Formal Semi - Formal Casual Formal Jackets • Suit Jacket The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth. The English word suit derives from the French suivre, "to follow", i. e. rousers and waistcoat follow the coat's cloth and colour. There have been various styles of suit, the most common of which is the lounge suit, sometimes called a business suit, which originated in England as beachwear. The other type of suit still (rarely) worn today is the morning suit. The lounge suit is classified as "informal" in the hierarchy of dress codes. A business suit is a lounge suit suitable for wearing conducting business. Its variants, such as two- and three- piece, or single- and double- breasted, are garments the design, cut, and cloth of which determine their social and work suitability. Generally, the man's suit is worn with a collared shirt, and necktie. Until around the 1960s, as with all men's clothes, a hat would have been also worn. Originally, as with most clothes, a tailor crafted the suit from his client's selected cloth, a process known as "bespoke". The suit was custom made to the measurements, taste, and style of the man. Since the Industrial Revolution, most suits are mass-produced, and, as such, are sold as ready-to-wear garments (though alteration by a tailor prior to wearing is common). Currently, suits are sold in roughly three ways: bespoke, in which the garment is custom-made from scratch entirely for the customer, giving the best fit and free choice of fabric; * made to measure, in which a pre-made pattern is modified to fit the customer, and a limited selection of options and fabrics is available; * and finally ready-to-wear. There are many possible variations in the choice of the style, the garments and the details of a suit. Silhouette The silhouette of a suit is its cut or shape. Double-breasted suits have two parallel rows of buttons, which is considered very conservative; a single row of buttons is called single-breasted. British suits are characterised by moderately tapered sides, minimal shoulder padding, and two vents. Italian suits are characterised by strongly padded shoulders, strongly tapered sides, and no vent. American suits are considered more casual than the preceding styles, and are characterised by moderate shoulder padding, minimally tapered sides, and a single vent. The sack suit is a loose American style. Contemporary is a term that includes a variety of recently designed garments that do not fit into the preceding categories. Suit colours For business, in the past (especially in the 1920s and 1970s), suits were made in a wide array of colours. Today, business suits are usually made in navy blue, grey, and charcoal. Browns and darker shades of green have returned to fashion (these colours had previously been popular in the 1970s and also prior to 1935) although these colours are still not widely accepted by more conservative men for business wear. For recreational (non-business) use tweed has been popular since Victorian times, and still is commonly worn by certain people. A wide range of colour is available, including greens, browns, reds, and greys. In the US and UK, suits were never traditionally made in plain black, this colour instead being reserved for formal wear (including dinner jackets or strollers)[citation needed]. However, the decline of formal wear in recent years has meant that black, as well as being popular for clubbing, is now also being worn in formal contexts (such as to a funeral or religious function) in place of the traditional more formal wear. Pattern Traditional business suits are generally solid colours or pinstripes, with refined plaids such as the traditional Glen plaid sometimes qualifying. The colour of the patterned element (stripes, plaid checks) varies by gender. Navy blue and charcoal are considered smart staples of the suitwearer's wardrobe. A pinstriped suit is conventionally associated with conservative businessmen but many designers have made sharp pinstriped suits more fashionable and cutting edge. Number of pieces A two-piece suit means a jacket plus the trousers. A three piece suit includes an additional waistcoat. Further pieces might include a matching flat cap. U. S. President J. F. Kennedy in a two-piece, single-breasted suit.

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Celebrity Role Models Children Emulate

Celebrity Role Models Children Emulate Gary Gardner July 11, 2010 Com 150 Phyllis Rosenburg Celebrities are all around us influencing our children; they are on the radio, televisions, computers, ipods and even on cellular phones. Our children hear and see what they do in our homes, cars, stores, and even in their classrooms. Though some celebrities can be a negative influence on children, some can have a positive impact because children will mimic what they see. There are several celebrities that have these positive impacts on children and help kids to aspire to achieve their goals and to follow their dreams. Some of the negative impacts from celebrities can be drug abuse and drinking alcohol like singer Amy Winehouse and singer/actress Lindsey Lohan. Both of these young women have been an influence on the young people who idolize and want to be like them, resulting in young teenage girls thinking it is cool and acceptable behavior to drink, do drugs, and have sex before marriage. Even the person that we are to trust the most, the President of the United States Bill Clinton, committed adultery; sending the message to our youth that it is acceptable to be dishonest and to betray another’s trust. Even though celebrities can have these negative impacts on our children, the good can sometimes outweigh the bad. For example, celebrities that has long lasting marriages, such as Denzell Washington’s 26 year marriage to his wife, or Kirk Douglas’ marriage to his wife for 51 years. This sends the message to our young children that stable homes and long lasting relationships are achievable and desirable. According to (Common Sense Media) when our children finally reach middle school, they become more interested in what their peers deem socially acceptable. Studies show time and time again that a connection exists between role models, advertising and the impact that these have on the way our children behave. However, parents still hold the primary influence in their children’s lives. Consider smoking, for instance. Research shows that when children see one of their idols or movie heroes smoking, and glamorized by the media, the odds that that child will start smoking more than doubles. According to (Common Sense Media) we are already aware of how advertising impacts young adults, this being the case; we should not underestimate the influence that young celebrities have on the lives of youth today. With celebrity blogs and gossip sites, scandalous pictures are mainstreamed online, talked about, kept current, and archived, making them accessible to children of any age. And furthermore the media’s unrelenting coverage centered on celebrity scandals gives the appearance that this type of behavior is normal. Our teenagers will mimic the actions of their peers and those that they look up to. One in every five teen girls have said that they’ve sent provocative and revealing pictures of themselves over their cellular phones. ” Since celebrities are in the spotlight most of the time, you would think they would watch how they behave in public. Some do and some don’t, but even the good role models can have a bad incident that the media picks up on. When it comes down to it we should monitor what our children are watching and listening to, in the event that they do try to mimic what they have seen someone famous do, we can correct them and teach them right from wrong. A great example of a good role model is Arnold Schwarzenegger. He started out as a body builder, became a successful actor and is now the Governor of California. He has a long lasting marriage to Maria Shriver. Through his life, he sends the message to our youth that through determination and hard work you can do anything you set your mind to. According to (Sherman, T. ) “Every celebrity, because of widespread fame and media exposure, has the choice to behave as a positive or negative example for the rest of society. Even in the lucrative field of professional sports, where opportunities to misbehave are everywhere, there have been good examples for kids to emulate, and are still greatly admired today. For instance, there's Joe DiMaggio, Annika Sorenstam, Tiger Woods, Sugar Ray Leonard, Lou Gehrig, Joe Louis, Wilma Rudolph, the Williams sisters, Jerry Rice, and Chris Evert. “ We have to consider that there are those celebrities who try to be better role models for their younger audiences. Parents should realize that who their children grow up to become in life is based on how they are raised at home and how much time we spend with them. That being said, if our youngsters get into trouble and head down a path of destruction, it is not conceivable to fault a celebrity that is not involved in the child’s life. Parents are responsible for their children, not the celebrities and how they decide to live their lives. References Common Sense Media. (n. d. ). Understanding Celebrity Influence. devine caroline. Retrieved from https://www. divinecaroline. com/22113/72758-underestimating-celebrity-influence Florence, R. (December 11, 2006). How celebrities impact our kids, article 7180. Retrieved from https://www. digitaljournal. om/article/7180/ A-List Celebrity Citizens. [Parade]. (2009). Retrieved from https://www. parade. com/celebrity/slideshows/editors-pick/celebrity- citizens. html? index=10 Lasting Celebrity Marriages. [Parade]. (2009). Retrieved from https://www. parade. com/celebrity/slideshows/lasting-celebrity-marriages/lasting-celebrity-marriages. html Sherman, T. , Meadows, H. L. (n. d. ). Do celebrities have a positive or negative effect on society?. Retrieved from https://www. helium. com/debates/151608-do-celebrities-have-a-positve-or-negative-effect-on-society/side_by_side? page=1

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Political Profile

Luis Munoz September 27, 2010 I was born in Chicago, IL on December 26, 1992. I have lived in Cicero for almost all of my seventeen years, and I have attended public schools since kindergarten. I enjoy listening and playing music, mostly Christian rock and worship music.

Some of my favorite bands are Hillsong United, David Crowder Band, Newsboys, and Steven Curtis Chapman. This past week I was able to go to the All-State Arena to see David Crowder and Steven Curtis Chapman live in concert. I also enjoy playing music and I hope that someday I will have a future in music or as an Evangelist. I’m planning on a four year Christian college; however I still don’t know which one I will attend. I declare myself a Republican because I agree with their philosophy on Abortion because I believe that aborting a baby is a form of murder.

I strongly believe that the rights of the unborn should be protected; if a woman doesn’t want the child she should put it up for adoption and at least give it a chance at life, instead of robbing the child of life. I also strongly agree with their philosophy on Gay Marriage because I believe that only a man and woman can be joined in marriage together.

If we allow Gay Marriage in our country I believe we will pervert the meaning of marriage, and I would not want my future children to live in a world where they think its ok for a man and a man or a woman and a woman to join in marriage. Lastly, I also agree strongly in their philosophy on Redistribution of Wealth because I’m a firm believer that if you work hard to earn the money your making you shouldn’t be forced to give or help others. I believe that if people are forced to give, then people who were lazy there entire life would learn nothing from there past mistakes. I have no doubt in my mind about the three issues I spoke about in the second paragraph.

I strongly disagree with abortion because I believe it’s morally wrong, I honestly believe it’s a silent holocaust that our government is currently taking part of. I believe without a doubt that we were created by a God who loves us and I know he makes no mistake. With that in mind how on earth can we kill a baby that is innocent, why should the hild have to pay for the mistakes of others? Although someone might object that in the situation of a girl being raped she should have the choice to abort the child or not, I still believe that she shouldn’t. It is very unfortunate that young girls get raped but I think that it’s even more unfortunate when that girl gets an abortion out of hatred because of what happened to her. She takes it out on an innocent baby who did nothing wrong, and ultimate she becomes just as heartless as the man who raped her.

Another topic is Gay Marriage; in my honest opinion I believe that this is also morally wrong because if God wanted the same sex to be married then God would’ve made it possible for two men or two women to reproduce. However, as we all know it’s just not possible and it never will be. Lastly, I strongly believe that the redistribution of ones wealth should be a choice. The wealthy should have the right to choose weather or not they want to help others out.

If the government raises taxes to force the wealthy to help the poor it’ll just make the poor more lazy and they will never learn from there past mistakes.

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Standard American English Success Highly in Life

Standard American English is Necessary in Order to Success Highly in Life People in the America have been developing their own words for a long time. Therefore, American English is divided into two main categories: Stand American English and non-Standard American English. Standard American English is the type of American English that is used for network broadcast or other national public environment. On the other hand, non-Standard American English is the type of English that is used informal environment. As American English is divided into two categories, people, who support one category and against another category, came out: prescriptivist and descriptivist. Prescriptivist thinks that people should stop developing their own words and obey the traditional grammar rules. On the other hand, descriptivist thinks people should keep what they have now and develop more. They both have their point of view. However, prescriptivist is supportable, because it is necessary to use Standard American English in order to success highly in life. People who use standard American English make people feel that they are highly educated, so people will give them more respect. MacNeil states, “Not only white teachers, but many African – American instructors, despise the ‘street talk’ or ‘slang’ as they call it, and often treat the children as if they were stupid or uneducable” (147). People always have a feeling that people, who speak “street talk or slang”, are stupid. On the other hand, people think the people, who speak Standard American English, are more educated than the people who do not. People who speak Standard American English frequently and correctly show that they know Standard American English very well and can use it very well too. And people will always think that people who know Standard American English and can speak it very well is because they are highly educated. While people think that you are highly educated, people will think that you are worth to be trusted. When people think you are worth to be trusted, people will respect you more. People who use standard American English make people feel that they are safe, so people will be more comfortable around them. In the society, criminals are always the people who do not use Standard American English as their daily speaking language. So, people will have a feeling that people who do not always speak Standard American English is dangerous and should be kept away from. Although not every one who does not speak Standard American English is a bad guy, people will always be aware of the people who do not speak Standard American English. Moreover, it is better for people to speak Standard American English when it is necessary. While people think that you are safe, people think that you are worth to be trusted. When people think you are worth to be trusted, people will feel comfortable around you. People who speak Standard American English have a better pathway to succeed American dream, because they give good impression to other people. People who do not speak Standard American English will not success in their lives easily. MacNeil states, “[non-Standard American English] remains a significant barrier to success in school and ultimately in the job market and housing – pathway to the American dream” (148). Because if you do not speak Standard American English in specific situation (for example job interview, school oral exam or speaking to people who work in a bank that is going to lend you money) when you should, people will think that you are not worth to be trusted. Also, Steven Harvey says, “‘You do have to be bilingual in this country, which means you can be very adept at slang, but you also have to be adept at getting though the job interview’”(MacNeil148) It means that it is very important for people to speak Standard American English in job interview in order to get the job, at least a good job. Because when you speak Standard American English, people will think that you are highly educated and safe. Furthermore, when you give people good impression, you can have a better job easier, get along with co-workers easier and costumer will like you more. While you are doing well at work, you will earn more money. Therefore, you will have a life, and you can live in a nice house in a good and safe environment. It is very important for people to speak Standard American English in specific situation because it is very important for people’s life. It is necessary to use Standard American English in formal public environment, so people from different places can understand. If you want to be a person who is going to speak in front of a lot of people, you must know how to speak Standard American English. America is not a small country. Since different places in the America develop their own words, it is hard for two people from two different places to understand each other’s words which are developed from their own places. As we know, China is the biggest country in the world. Compare to America, it is even harder for all the Chinese people to speak Standard Chinese. Same character in different places may sound totally different and have different meaning. As Labov says, “‘We’re all watching the same radio and television: we live side by side. And it’s important to recognize that people don’t always want to behave in the same way’” (MacNeil149). However, Standard Chinese is a very important language in China. People use standard Chinese in national network broadcast and national event, so people from all over the country can understand the information. And it does not matter that the listeners do not know how to speak standard Chinese, as long as they know what the speakers is talking about. We can apply the same idea into American English. Because people always know what the speakers mean in Standard American English clearly, we should use standard America English in formal public environment, Information that is given in formal public environment is important, so it is important for people to understand the language that the people who give information use. Using Standard American English in formal public environment is obviously necessary. Now, we know how important it is to speak Standard American English if we want to success highly in life. Do not be too strict about whether we should speak Standard American English and forget about all the words that we develop. In order to success in today’s society, we should know that we must use Standard American English in formal public environment and we can speak our non-Standard American English when we are with our families and friends. In that way, people know that you are professional, but at the same time, your families and friends will not feel that you are too far away from them. Work Cited MacNeil, Robert. “Do You Speak American? ” Exploring Language. Ed. Gray Goshgarian. Pearson San Francisco, 2010. 143~153. Print.

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First Impression Counts

First impressions can make or break you in less than a second. People fail to realize that you only get one first impression, which can sometimes affect you for the rest of your life. The adage “The first impression is always the best,” tells you first impressions are always important and can a lot about a person. First impressions are very important and consist of three things: personal appearance, behavior, and body language. When going on a job interview you want to be fully prepared for your interview. The first thing you do is make sure your personal appearance is appropriate since you only get one chance to make a good impression. To make a good impression at a job interview you must make sure you look the part.

Your personal appearance is the first thing the employer sees. By wearing the appropriate clothing and carrying yourself professionally during the job interview, lets them know how serious you are about getting the job. Your behavior is also a factor when it comes to first impressions. You can learn many things about a person from their behavior. For instance, if a person is nervous at a job interview or meeting someone for the first time, their behavior tends to come off wrong in front of the person they are trying to impress. They intend to be someone they are not instead of just being themselves in front of people. The best way to be you is by going into the interview with confidence, good eye contact, and also very good body language. Body language is the last and most important part of a first impression. When it comes to the body language you want to make sure you have good posture and make good eye contact while being interviewed.

For example, when you take a seat you want to make sure you are sitting up straight and not slouching. When sitting up straight at your job interview you show that you are confident and interested. Another important body language is eye contact, it is important to make direct eye contact at a job interview. Eye contact also shows confidence and honesty. When you intend to make less eye contact it either indicates that you’re nervous or you have no interest in the interview. Making a good impression at a job interview is very important because, in the end, it determines if you get the job or not.

In conclusion, the first impression can be good or bad. A first impression is something everyone takes seriously or makes people think differently about someone. First impressions are not always a bad thing because it lets people get to see the real you. If people get to see the real you it would not take as long for them to open up to you. If they do not see the real you it may take longer for that person to accept you for you. To make a good first impression remember to relax and remember your personal appearance, behavior, and body language also makes your impression count.

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Life in the 60’s

Life in The 60’s VS 2000 Life as people explain in the 60’s seemed to be less convenient but much cheaper in many different ways. There are so many changes that have occurred over the years. Life seemed to be similar in some ways but more laid back. Times have changed, now more people live life on the go. Life in the 60’s might have had their advantages, but life now is defiantly more convenient. The cost of living in the 60 was much cheaper, especially for people with children. Rent then wasn’t anything like it is now, today it’s more like paying a mortgage just to rent. People, who owned homes in the 60’s didn’t pay as much as we do today for a mortgage. The cost of living now makes it so hard to get by. In the 60’s the cost of a new house for example cost around twelve to thirteen thousand dollars and the price for a gallon of gas was only twenty five cents; people pay well over three dollars a gallon for gas today. As for homes the cost is much more expensive, and homes are still being built the same way. A new house today cost anywhere from a hundred and fifty thousand dollars and up. In which many people cannot afford. Although food prices in the 60’s may have been cheaper, many people grew their own fruits and vegetables. This also made it cheaper for people in the 60’s then food prices today, it is much more expensive. Mostly everything today is bought at local grocery stores which seem to be more convenient for many people. Not many people in this day and age grow their own fruits or vegetables; this seems to be an inconvenience for many. This was a big advantage people had in the 60’s because they didn’t have to pay for the things they grew. They also didn’t have chemicals being put in the vegetables to make them grow faster and larger. As for fast food today, the cost has increased dramatically. McDonalds is much more expensive then it was 50 years ago. It is also more popular now then it was in the 60’s, many people then only ate fast food on occasion and drank soda as a treat. This is not the case today. The food industry has made a big profit off of Americans. As for technology today we have a big advantage on the 60’s. People then didn’t have microwave ovens so it took longer for them to cook things. Some people today probably couldn’t live without them. There are people who actually use the microwave to cook all their meals instead of cooking things on the stove. Many people today also own personal computer in which it was unheard of in the 60’s. The only people then who actually had computers were big corporations and military personnel. This is an advantage we have today. People use their computers to work from home. They also can talk to people far away, send emails, and share pictures through their computer. We also use them to pay bills online in which everything was mailed before computers came along. Although some of these things we have today makes life easier. There is also some disadvantages people face. The computer may be an easy way of life for people to do things but there are also some dangers of having this technology. So as we all see, there are always advantages and disadvantages in life and even though things may seem easier this is not always the case. The cost of living was definitely more affordable in the 60’s but would people changes things to go back to those times? Probably not, life is much more convenient with the way people live life on the go today. Many people probably could not do without technology.

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Stalin Dbq

In 1917, Russia was crumbling into pieces. The World War I was draining all of Russia’s resources. There was shortage of food throughout the country, which left people starving. At the battlefront, millions of Russian soldiers were dying, they did not possess many of the powerful weapons that their opponents had. The government under Czar Nicholas II was disintegrating, and a provisional government had been set up. In November of 1917, Lenin and his communist followers known as the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government and set a communist government in Russia. However, in 1924, Lenin died and Josef Stalin assumed leadership of the Soviet Union, which was the name for the communist Russia. Stalin was a ruthless leader who brought many changes to the Soviet Union. Stalin’s goal was to transform the Soviet Union into a modern superpower and spread communism throughout the world, and he was determined to sabotage anyone who stood in his way. He used many methods such as collectivization, totalitarianism and five year plan’s to achieve his goals. Stalin’s rule brought both harmful and beneficial consequences to the Soviet Union; however, the negative factors were so terrible, that they overwhelm the positive factors. To modernize the economy, Stalin came up with Five-Year Plans, which were plans that would rapidly develop the economy over a five-year period by setting up high production goals for heavy industry. In 1928, Stalin gave a speech before launching the first Five-Year Plan. Stalin said that they were falling behind other nations. We lag behind the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years” “And those who fall behind are beaten”, he told the people “you must end our backwardness”. In 10 years, he thought the technological gap between the Soviet Union and the more advanced nations would be filled. He used this speech as a method of motivating the Russian people into participating and supporting his Five-Year Plan. “Either we do it, or we shall be crushed. ” (Document 1) Stalin utilizes Russian pride to try and push people so that they can be a more prosperous nation. Stalin created a command economy in the Soviet Union, which would allow him and the government to own all businesses and make all economy decisions. A chart from Twentieth Century History shows that the production target for industries such as electricity, coal and steel nearly doubled under the Five-Year Plan. (Document 2) To accomplish this huge increase in production would require a lot of effort from the Russian workers. However, to Stalin these goals were within reach because he basically controlled the people’s lives and the economy, through his totalitarian state (one-party dictatorship) and command economy. An excerpt from The Land of the Soviets shows that eventually, the Soviet Union turned into a powerful industrial state after the completion of the first and second Five Year Plans. The industrial output in 1937 was 5. 8 times larger than it was in 1913. Also, the industrial growth exceeded that of capitalist countries and in 1940 there were 9,971,000 industrial workers, nearly three times more than in 1928. (Document 7) This evidence illustrates the positive aspects of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans. Stalin used a method called collectivization to increase agricultural production. He seized small farms owned by peasants and joined them making large government owned farms. In 1929, Stalin made a speech explaining his collectivization policy. He said that a nation that is rapidly developing couldn’t rely on an agricultural base provided by small farmers. He states that the agricultural units must be enlarged by “joining together the small peasant farms into large collective farms”. In his speech, Stalin also mentions that kulaks, which were wealthy peasants, must be eliminated as a class. Document 3) In this speech Stalin explained that agriculture must change in order to feed the growing population of industrial workers. The collective farms would receive the needed modern technology and scientific equipment, and it would all result in increased food production. Stalin made clear that the kulaks must be driven out in order for the plan to be successful. Once again, Stalin is using the power of speech to gain support for his collectivization plan. An excerpt from A History Civilization describes the horrific effects of Stalin’s collectivization. Stalin began deporting the capitalistic farmers (kulaks) to forced labor camps or Siberia, and peasants were being machine-gunned into submission. Peasants slaughtered huge amounts of horses, cattle, sheep and goats, burned crops and broke plows in desperate revolts. The amount of Russian livestock lost due to collectivization was immense. (Document 4) It is true that Stalin’s rule positively affected Russia, after all, the Soviet Union did become a major military superpower under his government, and the economy also thrived. However, to fulfill these achievements Stalin acted as a harsh and cruel dictator. He ruthlessly killed people who opposed his form of government in his Great Purges. And his execution countless kulaks cannot be forgiven. Instead of protecting his people, he brutally sacrificed them for the benefited of the state, and most people would agree that that is not how a good leader should act. At the end of the day, Stalin’s positive accomplishments are hidden by all the atrocities he committed.

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Panera Bread

Panera Bread began in 1981 as Au Bon Pain Co. , a fast-casual bakery and cafe chain, founded by Louis Kane and Ron Shaich. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the chain grew along the east cost of the United States and internationally. It dominated in the bakery-cafe category. In 1993, Au Bon Pain Co. purchased Saint Louis Bread Company, which was founded by Kenneth Rosenthal. At this time, the Saint Louis Bread Company was in the midst of renovating its 20 bakery-cafes in the Saint Louis area. The concept’s name was ultimately changed to Panera Bread. By 1997, it became clear that Panera Bread had the potential to become one of the leading brands in the nation. In May 1999, to expand Panera Bread into a national restaurant, all of Au Bon Pain Co’s business units were sold, with the exception of Panera Bread. The company was then renamed Panera Bread. The company was operating 1,362 bakery-cafes in 40 states and 17 facilities that delivered fresh dough to the cafes daily. Panera Bread still operates under the name St. Louis Bread Company, with its headquarters in St. Louis. The St. Louis area has over 50 locations. In 2005, Panera Bread was recognized as one of Business Week’s “100 Hot Growth Companies”, earning $38. 6 million with a 42. 9% increase in profits. In 2006, Panera Bread was recognized as the top performer in the restaurant category for one, five, and ten year returns to shareholders, reported by The Wall Street Journal. In 2007, Panera Bread purchased a majority stake in Paradise Bakery Cafe, a Phoenix-based concept with over 70 locations in 10 states, the balance to be purchased in June of 2009. In 2008, Health magazine judged Panera Bread as the healthiest fast food restaurant. Also in 2008, Panera Bread began expanding into Canada, with Richmond Hill and Mississauga, both in the Toronto area. As of 2009, the restaurant was named most popular for eating on the go by the restaurant review service Zagat. They were also rated #1 for best salad, best healthy option, and best facilities among restaurants with less than 5,000 locations. Panera Bread now has 1,380 bakery cafes in 40 states and Canada, delivering fresh artisan breads, bagels, muffins, scones, sandwiches, as well as soups, salads, and specialty coffee drinks. By emphasizing nutritional value and quality, such as antibiotic free chicken and whole grain bread, this restaurant chain distinguishes its products from fast food restaurants such as McDonalds, Wendy’s, and Burger King. Panera also distinguishes itself from these other fast food chains by providing a longer dining experience, with more welcoming furnishings and free Internet access. As opposed to the concept of “fast food”, Panera is associated with the concept of “fast casual”. This is a combination of fast food with a casual dining experience. Panera targets consumers who seek meals of higher quality than they would find at the traditional fast food chain, but don’t have the time to dine in or have a sit-down meal at a restaurant. Though there are many other restaurants who offer this same combination, they tend to be local and do not benefit from a national brand name with a large advertising budget. A key aspect of Panera Bread’s business that protects the company from direct competition in the fast food industry is their product niche, artisan fast food. Fast food chains are often criticized for offering unhealthy foods. But, Panera Bread focuses on a higher nutritional value in their products. Dine in restaurants are very susceptible to drops in consumer spending, so Panera Bread’s cheaper items, while still being healthier than your typical fast food chain, make it an attractive alternative to traditional eateries. All the same, the product niche allows Panera flexibility in raising menu prices because consumers recognize the products as high quality, especially in comparison to the traditional fast food chains. The company’s marketing strategies focus on product merchandising, such as the promotion of new menu items, as opposed to product prices. The company also sponsors charitable events as a marketing tool. Since the founding of Panera Bread, the company has made efforts in giving back to local communities. Panera runs the Community Breadbox program, where they match cash donations from customers and distribute them to local non-profit organizations. Through the Day-End Dough-Nation program Panera Bread runs, unsold bakery products are packaged and collected at the end of each day and donated to local food banks and charities. The company also participates in the Scrip fundraising program, which invites non-profit organizations to pre-purchase $10 Panera Bread gift cards at a 9% discounted rate and resell them at full price to raise money.

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Negative Effects of Cell Phone of Society

Steve Sheridan Professor Simakowicz 1st Draft Paper 13 April 2010 “Do Cell Phones Help or Hinder Society? ” Times have changed tremendously in the last twenty five years in regards to how the world communicates with each other. The birth of new technology such as cell phones with internet capability, laptop computers, and even the recently released I-Pad has made communication with anyone outside of talking distance immediately accessible. Even though to many people this seems like a movement in the right direction for the future of the world, there are still people who hold firm on the idea that communicating with people face to face is much better for society.

Teenagers today use cell phones much more than any other age group, but they are not the only ones affected; parents and even young children have become wrapped up in mobile connectivity. Cell phone companies understand this and in an effort to make more money, they put out new hardware such as newer, more stylish cell phones and software such as internet, text messaging, and applications that can hold anyone’s attention for long periods of time. For the working class mothers and fathers, a call from the boss on a Saturday afternoon to come into work is never far away from possible. Each of these things causes problems in society that were less noticeable in past years, whereas the addiction to cell phones today is a full blown epidemic. Though cell phones have many positive functions and can help people in their everyday lives, the same negative effects of cell phones will only continue to grow and spread throughout society, and essentially have the capability to change everyday life as we know it now. It is noticeable everywhere you go in public.

People no longer keep their cell phone in their pocket or a bag anymore. They have it in their hands so that they can be ready to use it in case of a call or text.

This kind of behavior spills into home and family life, especially on parents. A study was put together by Professor Noelle Chelsey, who tested thirteen hundred adults over four years. The study concluded that, “people who consistently used a mobile phone or pager during the duration of the study were more likely to report increased levels of “spillover” between work and home, which led to decreased satisfaction with family life. ” (Reimer) The problems that mothers were facing were the calls that interrupted work from children. When a problem happened at home, the children would immediately call their mother. This would cause extreme amounts on her stress because she would be far away from being in place to help her child. On the other hand, the fathers had problems with work interrupting family life.

Especially in today’s society, more and more jobs involve the employees taking home a personal laptop or work cell phone on order to always be in contact if needed. This greatly interrupts family life and can cause increased stress. Though this is such a negative side effect, it still seems that people are still too fond of their own cell phones to ever realize the problems they are creating. It is unbelievable how people today are constantly in contact with one other. There are always text messages being sent or received that it seems like people are more interested in what is going on in their cell phone life compared to talking to people in social settings. The largest problem is that the general teenage population of the world has conformed to the cell phone fad, which actually in turn makes texting people and playing cell phone videos the “cool” thing to do. John Crippen, a man who has written about the dangers of over excessive cell phone use writes, “From cell phones to video games, computers to DVD’s, the documented effect on kids and teens is unquestionably negative.

These negative effects are caused primarily by the tendency to withdraw from social interaction, withdrawal from society in general, a lack of exercise – even vitamin deficiencies resulting from lack of sunshine. ” (Crippen) Unfortunately, Crippen’s statement has a large amount of truth behind it. People today literally do not get enough personal interactions during the day due to the fact that everyone they talk to is on their cell phone. This is a problem because average conversations with people are becoming increasingly more awkward and people simply do not know how to talk to each other. It is a fact that people even use their cell phones in order to make them feel better in awkward social situations. If a person is walking through a crowded social place and they are alone, they even fake that they are on the phone so they do not put themselves into ocial situations that make them feel awkward. This fact is enough for anyone to realize that cell phones have negatively affected how people communicate with each other and how they build relationships. The last and most important negative factor that cell phones have and everybody seems to take part in, is text messaging.

There was at first instant messenger on computers which required the person to be online and at the computer to talk to others who are also online. Cell phone companies have taken that idea and turned instant messenger into a never ending spectrum. Texters send messages at all times of the day, and the worst part about it is that you can be literally anywhere to send or receive a message. In light of this global problem, Louisa Burgess wrote an article describing the horrible effects that cell phones have on society. She says, “it’s so impersonal. Unfortunately, some people carry it to such an extreme that it takes the place of other contact such as the phone or in- person conversation. I personally know people who have even broken up over text messages.

The problem seems to be that you can’t see the face of the person who is text messaging you nor can you hear the tone in their voice. (Burgess) This reiterates the fact that people today actually prefer sending messages to people instead of talking to them in real life. Looking back to the past, before modern technology, all conversations and human interaction was all personal and face to face.

Times have changed dramatically to the point where seniors in society have taken notice of the impersonal relationships that people have today with their peers compared to how personal their relationships with each of their friends and family were. She continues with, “Text messaging isn’t any more polite in my opinion. The point is, it still requires a lack of attention to what is going on around you, specifically in this case the conversation you are having with your date, your boss, your spouse or child. There is no excuse for rude social behavior.

Text messaging has become so rampant that it has become another negative thing to do while in a social or business situation. ” (Burgess) This point is the most important knock on cell phone use today. In a world where everything is moving so fast people feel the need to always be in touch with everyone that they are friends with all the time. So much so that when they are with their friends or family in person, the cell phone conversation they are having with people they are away from takes over the current conversation and they ignore the people around them. This of course means that people have become so engrossed in their phones that they cannot be left without them. If some body’s cell phone is broke for a period of time, the lack of cell phone could drive a person crazy today. It bothers them enough, that they feel the need to tell everyone about their lack of a cell phone. It is at this point that somebody should make them aware that their cell phone and their status to the mobile world is more important than what is happening in front of their face. Looking at the problem overall, it seems like it will never be fixed. The fad that started out with cell phones the size of your left arm and service that allowed you to make calls almost nowhere, has evolved to pocket sized gadgets with customizable ringtones, text messaging, and internet access. It is no longer a fad, but a worldwide addiction that cannot be fueled enough. New technology will constantly come out at high prices and the world will pay the money to feed a socially unsocial addiction. It seems the people who feel the negative impacts of cell phones more than the positive ones are the same people who are going to have to either conform, or withdraw from society because at this point, there will never be a vaccine to counteract the new technology that catches every persons eye. In a time where cell phones are the one of the most important things in every bodies lives, it seems the question to ask when you meet a friend on the street is not, “Hi, How are you? but, “Who are you texting and what did he/she say? ” Works Cited Burgess, Louisa. “The Negative Effects of Text Messaging. ” Associated Content – Associatedcontent. com. 24 May 2008. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. . Crippen, John. “Press Release – The Negative Effect Of Too Much Technology On Kids And Teens – Author John Crippen Offers A Solution. ” Press Release Service and Distribution – 24-7PressRelease. com. 1 Apr. 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. . Reimer, Jeremy. “New Study Finds Cell Phones Disrupt Family Life. ” Ars Technica.

Conde Nast Digital, 5 Jan. 2006. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. .

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Bridgeton Case and Industries

Bridgeton Case Bridgeton Industries is faced with a difficult decision. Manifolds have been their most profitable product but based off of their recently developed classifications for products it has fallen to the lowest class. The lowest class is then designated to be outsourced. There are many implications for the decision to stop making manifolds. If they eliminate them they are losing almost half of their sales totals ($226,542-$93,120= $133,422). This would then in turn drastically reduce the factory profit from $63,501 to negative profit. Outsourcing the manifolds would just create a similar problem for the remaining products that the manifolds experienced. Since mufflers and oil pans were discontinued the direct labor on manifolds took up a much greater percentage. Therefore since overhead is based off direct labor, more overhead was allocated to manifolds. If the manifolds were eliminated the labor would be more directed to fuel tanks and doors. Then more overhead will be allocated to those products and essentially they will be soon deemed unprofitable and pushed down to class III. The problem with using a single overhead pool is that we aren’t able to see what overhead costs are directly related to each product. The second problem is that overhead is based off of direct labor. The more labor costs the products have the more overhead that is being allocated to them. The profits from manifolds for 1990 are: Sales Revenue$93,120 Direct Material$35,725 Direct Labor$6,540 Overhead$36,820 Gross Profit$14,820 This gross profit is a significant decrease from the previous year. Although sales for manifolds have increased from 1989 to 1990 so have many other things. Direct materials have increased because stainless steel has a high cost. Direct labor has increased because they were using people that were in the retaining job pool formed by the union to time the lines so they could observe operations and create “uptime reports. This increase in labor wasn’t necessarily specific to manifolds but since ACF uses one overhead pool the costs were still allocated to manifolds. It is of my opinion that the ACF should not discontinue manifolds. If the projections are correct the demand for stainless steel manifolds would increase dramatically and it would just be foolish for them to eliminate a product that could very well become extremely profitable for them in the near future. Not only are accounting for almost half the sales profits right now but they are what seems to me the one product with the most potential for growth. If I were a manager at ACF I would try to work out a better system to allocate overhead and work harder to specifically allocate overhead to the product they are affecting. Once this happens there will most likely be a significant difference in the gross profits they find for each product.

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Compare and Contrast of Judaism and Christianity

Breiana Dailey Instructor: Cory king Eng. 112 Compare and Contrast Out Line Thesis: Judaism and Christianity are two religions that play a significant role in today’s society with so much in common; yet they are in constant dispute with one another. Item #1 Judaism| Item #2 Christianity| Points of comparison | * The Torah * Beliefs * Descendants of Abraham * RitualsPassover Festival | * The Holy Bible * Beliefs * Descendants of Abraham * Rituals Palm Sunday Good Friday EasterE| * Holy Books * Religious History * Religious Rituals | Compare and Contrast Full Out Line Religious History Common Denominator Abraham God Beginning of the Religion Isaac Parentage Promise made concerning him What he believed Father of Jacob (Israel) Moses a direct descendant of Holy Books Torah Bible Jesus Parentage Promise made concerning him What he believed Direct descendant of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob Father of Christian Faith Religious Rituals Judaism The Passover Christianity Palm Sunday Good Friday Easter They’re just alike Judaism and Christianity are two religions that play a significant role in today’s society. Although these religions are in constant dispute with one another, they have more in common than most people know about. Both of these religions trace the genealogy of their beliefs, and the foundation of their beliefs back to Abraham. He is their physical common denominator.

Both Judaism and Christianity tell the story of Abraham. During a time when the majority of society was worshipping many gods, Abraham believed that he had heard the voice of the one true living God; who call Abraham to worship Him and Him alone. That is why Abraham is considered by theologians and scholars in Judaism and Christianity to be the father of monotheism; thus the next common denominator between the two religions, the belief in one true and more importantly living God. According to https://www. essortment. com/all/callabraham_rssf. htm Abraham was 75 when he first heard the voice of God. According to www. jewfaq. org/origins. htm he was born in 1800 BC, if there information is correct this would roughly place the start of monotheism at about 1725 BC. God had promised Abraham that He would make him the father of many nations. However Abraham’s wife Sarah was barren. Sarah gave her servant Hagar to Abraham so that he could have a child. Thus this is when Ishmael was born.

Sometime later, Sarah in her old age gave birth to Isaac. Through these two children would be the birth of three religions. We however are going to discuss the two that were birthed through the descendants of Isaac; Judaism and Christianity.

God made Abraham a promise concerning his son and this promise can be found in the Bible and the Torah. The promises that I will quote is that found in the bible Gen 17:21 But I will make my promise to Isaac. Sarah will give birth to him at this time next year. To sum the promises up in a few words it was that through Isaac’s seed would come the Redeemer for mankind. Now Isaac, gave birth to Jacob. Jacob’s name was later changed by God to Israel.

Gen 35:10 God said to him, “Your name is Jacob. You will no longer be called Jacob, but your name will be Israel. ” So God named Jacob Israel. He had 12 children, thus the twelve tribes of Israel. The Israelites who later become known as the Jewish Nation followed the worship methods that were taught from Isaac to Jacob (Israel) and thus to the twelve tribes. Moses fits into this line in one major way. He is a direct descendant of Isaac and he was the one chosen by God to lead the children of Israel out of bondage into the promise land, and to give the Laws to the children of Israel, this is why it is referred to as the Mosaic Laws. These were not all new Laws, but those Laws that were passed down generation from generation as well as those laws that were not known of until then. There were many laws and feast days that were to be observed by the Jewish faith. But for this discussion we are going to look at the Passover.

The Passover is a celebration of remembrance of the night before the Israelites were released from slavery in Egypt. For those of you unfamiliar with the story of the Exodus, this section has been included to outline briefly the context of the Passover. After migrating to Egypt from Canaan (Gen 46:1-7), the family of Israel grew enormously to the extent that they began to rival the numbers of native Egyptians that lived in the land (Exodus 1:7-9). Fearful that the Israelites might at some future date ally themselves with its enemies, Egypt forced them to become their slaves (1:10-11)…. When the Lord appeared to Moses after a forty years’ exile from Egypt (3:1-6), He charged him (3:10) to ‘bring forth My people… out of Egypt’ because (3:7) the Lord had ‘… heard their cry because of their taskmasters; I know their sufferings’ But Pharaoh wouldn’t let the children of Israel go, which was hardly surprising. As a result of that first encounter with Moses, Pharaoh increased the burden on the Israelites (5:6-14), resulting in the people turning on Moses and Aaron (5:21). God then sent on the land of Egypt plagues, though the Israelites weren’t troubled by them (8:22-23 – at least from the time of the flies onwards). Each time, Pharaoh was given opportunity to let them go, but each time he refused or recanted after having given them permission. The plagues, in order, were: 1. The Nile was turned to blood (7:14-25) 2. Frogs (8:1-15) 3. Gnats (8:16-19) 4. Flies (8:20-32) 5. A plague upon the cattle (9:1-7) 6. Boils (9:8-12) 7. Hail (9:13-35) 8. Locusts (10:1-20) 9. A darkness that was oppressive (10:21-29) 10. The Passover “and the Lord promised Moses (11:1) that ‘… fterwards [Pharaoh] will let you go’ The Lord inaugurated a new calendar by making that month the first (12:2), corresponding to our March/April. A lamb was to be taken into each household on the 10th of the month (12:3), slain on the 14th (12:6) and subsequently eaten on the 15th. The blood was to be applied to both doorposts and lintel (12:7) for the Lord was to pass through the land that night and slay all the first-born in the houses that hadn’t applied the blood (12:12-13). He ‘passed over’ those that had applied the blood and so gave meaning to the name of the festival. During the night, after the destroyer had killed the first-born, Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and told them and all the Israelites to get out of the land (12:29-32). Though that wasn’t the end of the story as regards the Egyptians, nevertheless, God had delivered His people out of the bondage of slavery to take possession of a land where they would be free to serve God (3:8, 13:3-5, Deut 6:23-24). God had affected redemption by ransoming His people out of the hand of their masters, the Egyptians (6:6). Thus the beginning of the Passover Ritual. Now no matter which religious group you are addressing, the Jews or Christians you can summarize that story in exactly that way; because the story is found in the Bible and the Torah. In the Bible it can be found in the book of Genesis, in the Torah it can be found in the book called B’reshiyth (which in English means Genesis). To be honest there are a lot of books found in the Torah which are also in the Bible.

The writings that they have in common are: TORAH BIBLE TORAH (The Law): Bereishith (In the beginning… ) (Genesis) * Shemoth (The names… ) (Exodus) * Vayiqra (And He called… ) (Leviticus) * Bamidbar (In the wilderness… ) (Numbers) * Devarim (The words… ) (Deuteronomy) NEVI’IM (The Prophets): Yehoshua (Joshua) * Shoftim (Judges) * Shmuel (I &II Samuel) * Melakhim (I & II Kings) * Yeshayah (Isaiah) * Yirmyah (Jeremiah) * Yechezqel (Ezekiel) * The Twelve (treated as one book) Hoshea (Hosea) * Yoel (Joel) * Amos Same Name * Ovadyah (Obadiah) * Yonah (Jonah) * Mikhah (Micah) * Nachum * Chavaqquq (Habbakkuk) * Tzefanyah (Zephaniah) * Chaggai * Zekharyah (Zechariah) * Malakhi KETHUVIM (The Writings): Tehillim (Psalms) * Mishlei (Proverbs) * Iyov (Job) * Shir Ha-Shirim (Song of Songs) * Ruth Same Name * Eikhah (Lamentations) * Qoheleth (the author’s name) (Ecclesiastes) * Esther Same Name * Daniel Same Name * Ezra ; Nechemyah (treated as one book) (Two books) (Nehemiah and Ezra) * Divrei Ha-Yamim (The words of the days) (Chronicles) Now how do Jesus Christ and Christianity fit into all of this? Jesus is believed to be “the seed of promise” that was to come through the descendants of Abraham, the awaited Messiah. For that was the initial promise that through Abraham’s seed a Savior, Messiah would come. Everyone of Jewish decent was looking for the Messiah. Followers of Christ believe that Jesus is the Messiah. That he is God manifested in the flesh to save mankind.

Christians believe that because that is what Christ believed and taught. Jesus was born of Mary who is believed to have been a virgin.

Christians believe that Mary was impregnated by God. Christians believe that Jesus is God in the flesh. (John 1:14) “and the Word became flesh and dwelt amongst us”……… That Jesus Christ came to redeem man back to God; He is the “Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world” Jesus was Jewish he was born of the tribe of Benjamin, and a direct descendant to King David through both his mother Mary’s bloodline and his earthly father Joseph. He was brought up in and under the Jewish faith and bloodline. He knew all of the laws of Moses. He personalized those laws and lived them to the point of fulfilling the laws. Jesus himself taught “I did not come to change the law, but to fulfill it”. (Mathew 5:17) So what laws did Jesus come to fulfill. If you recall at the beginning I stated that we would look at the Passover. Jesus taught that he came to take away the sins of the world. There is a law that was believed to be taught to him by God. That for the remission of sins there must be the shedding of blood. For death to pass over the Israelites on the original “Pass over” evening an innocent lamb had to be killed and the blood of it wiped on the door post and lintel.

When Adam was put out of the Garden of Eden, God covered him with animal skin, which means an innocent animal died. Once a year the High Priest had to go into the Holy of Holies to make the atonement offering for sins, they had to kill a lamb and sprinkle its blood on the altar. And for mankind as a whole to be reconciled back unto God, Jesus had to sacrifice his life. So let’s examine again what was required of the Israelites at the original evening of the Passover. A lamb was to be taken into each household on the 10th of the month (12:3), slain on the 14th (12:6) and subsequently eaten on the 15th. The blood was to be applied to both doorposts and lintel (12:7) for the Lord was to pass through the land that night and slay all the first-born in the houses that hadn’t applied the blood (12:12-13). He ‘passed over’ those that had applied the blood. Now on the 10th day the Lambs that were going to be sacrificed were to be led into town before all of the Children of Israel. On the 10th day Jesus entered Jerusalem Christian call this his triumphant entry. Because Jesus, just like the Lamb for the Passover sacrifice was led into the city before the Israelites by the disciples. The Israelites waved palms at him and throw palms before him on the ground and worshipped him.

Now the Passover lamb was to be held from the 10th. to the 14th day. During this time the lamb was being examined by the people to determine if it was free from all spots and blemishes. And as for Jesus what was going on with him from the 10th to the 14th. the Bible tells us that he was being questioned and examined and setup. On the 14th. day the lamb that was found not to have a spot or a blemish was announced to be pure and it was slain so that its blood could be applied to the doorpost and lintels. On the 14th day Pontius Pilot declared to the crowd “I find no fault with this man. ” In other words he is pure. Jesus was then led to the Calvary where he was slain so that the blood can be applied to our lives so that death will pass us over.

Christian celebrate that as “Good Friday” and Christians believe that Jesus rose from the dead and that one day he will raise each of them. For almost every Jewish Feast day that you have Christians believe that Jesus is and was the fulfillment of it. They still believe in those days just as the Jewish faith does. So when you really think of it to say that you are Christian, a follower of Christ; then you are also saying that you are Jewish for he was. Think about it.

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Absolutism and Peter the Great

Absolutism and Peter the Great Many monarchs, particularly those of European descent, employed the flourishing absolutist philosophy during their reign in the seventeenth century. Defined as the "absolute or unlimited rule usually by one man," absolutism is virtually equivalent to the philosophy of despotism. A ruler incorporating the absolutist philosophy has complete control of his subjects and the highest authority with which to govern. With origins dating back to the Ancient Greeks, absolutism found root in some of Aristotle's theories: "Aristotle despotic government (nearly convertible with tyrannical) is that of a single ruler that rules, not for the public good but for his own. " And from Roman political theory "regarding the power of the monarch, there had survived, particularly, a legacy of ideas associated with the position and prestige of a ruler which greatly strengthened the power of a dynasty. Based on this Greek foundation in Aristotelian thought and Roman political theory, absolutism rose in other schools of philosophy as it gained prominence in the political world. Combining natural-law doctrines with the theory of royal absolutism, fourteenth century philosopher Bartolus of Sassoferrato believed that the ruler should not be bound to the laws of the government, but still should obey them whenever possible. In agreement with Bartolus, another fourteenth century philosopher, Lucas de Penna advocated that the ruler is only accountable to divine authority, being responsible to God alone, not the people. Further de Penna believed that law is the articulation of the ethical virtue of justice and reason is the foundation for that law. Thereby debasing the importance of the king's obedience to established law. As civilization began to organize in city-states to individual countries to entire dynasties or empires, all needing some form of government, the people organized hierarchically. Establishing order under one appointed leader helped advance that civilization; those advances, however, quickly leveled out into a plateau of stagnation under the political unit of feudalism. During the seventeenth century, the various peoples of Western Europe enjoyed the many benefits of a relatively advanced civilization in many respects but were, with few exceptions, incapable of self-government... The result was that governmental authority was held by a number of rulers who assumed unto themselves all the responsibilities of political leadership. ” Lord Acton, a famous historian, while not advocating its use, believed that absolutism was highly necessary for the survival and actual allowance for European growth through her monarchs. Three characteristics that specifically mark a seventeenth century absolute monarch are charisma, active advocating of the Divine Right of kings, and innovativeness. Known as the period of transformation, the reign of Peter the Great in Russia was one of great change and revolutionary movements towards modernity. As the Tsar Reformer, Peter embraced his monarchy with zeal and absoluteness. He took an underdeveloped, primitive Russia and forcibly pushed her to the road of progress, secularism, modernity, and eventual rebirth. It was only through acknowledgment and utilization of his strengths and talents that provided Peter with the insight to accomplish such a feat. On September 22, 1689, Peter took control of the Russian throne under the guidance of his mother. Before taking position on the throne, Peter entered manhood through the vast amount of experiences he encountered at a very young age. "He lived through three coups d'etat, constant threats of violence against his family, seven years of semi-exile, his first military campaigns, an unprecedented journey to western Europe and a major revolt against his rule. From these bitter personal experiences, these painful political struggles, and these tentative approaches to war and government, Peter slowly learned the strengths and weaknesses of his heritage. " As stated by V. O. Kliuchevsky, Peter's "contradiction in work, his errors, his hesitations, his obstinacy, his lack of judgment in civil affairs, his uncontrollable cruelty, and, on the other hand his wholehearted love of his country, his stubborn devotion to his work, the broad, enlightened outlook he brought to bear on it, his daring plans conceived with creative genius and concluded with incomparable energy, and finally the uccess he achieved by the incredible sacrifices of his people and himself, all these different characteristics make it difficult to paint one painting" of the Tsarist Reformer. A multi-faceted man, Peter knew what it would take to deliver his people from the chaotic disorder of the past into a more peaceful progressive future. Boundless energy and an endless drive, Peter truly embodied the absolute stamina of a superhero. Employing the doctrine of the Divine Right of kings, Peter had no problem acting as the supreme authority with which he governed. In addition, he readily accepted any role permitted to him through this doctrine. In fact, in response to his responsibility as tsar, Peter became "a soldier-king, a European diplomat, and a social reformer" to name a few. Also known for his reforms, Peter transformed Russia politically, economically, and somewhat socially. Financially, Peter reopened trade for the Russians, creating a huge influx in their economy and bringing prosperity back into the system. His expansionist mindset allowed for the most startling development in trade to even occur. Thus, the emergence of Baltic trade. While Peter looked globally for ways to extend the Russian borders, he also concentrated on internal reform as well, such as internal transportation focused on the rivers of Russia. Overall, Peter's commercial reforms were a huge success. Peter also geared his transforming abilities to that of the Russian Church. He chose not to focus on Church doctrine, but rather the people who use this doctrine. He wanted the people to be subject to his decree, not the mandate of the Church. Peter was suspicious of the Church's political motivations and aspirations and chose not to trust in the papal leadership. He believed that the Russian Patriarch was trying to become " a second sovereign possessing power equal to or above that of the autocrat," thus challenging his belief in the Divine Right of kings. While Peter did not have any major accomplishments to speak of during his reign, he paved the way for the future leaders of Russia to push to the forefront of politics, trade, and economics.

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Objectum Sexuality

Falling in love with the Eiffel Tower, a rollercoaster, or even the Berlin Wall, this may seem to be unrealistic; however, for a certain group of people this is a reality. These people who are in love and deeply attracted to inanimate objects call themselves objectum sexuals. They see themselves as a new sexual orientation that loves in the same was as everyone else. The only difference is their love is towards objects. Objectum sexuals have intense and intimate feelings for certain objects based on the objects physical and intellectual characteristics as well as its geometry and function. There are distinct views on this new trend of objectum sexuality. There are the objectum sexuals who believe that falling in love with objects is a new sexual orientation, and on the opposite side of the spectrum are psychologists and psychiatrists who believe it is simply a fetish. In between the two sides are medical researchers who do believe that these people are in love with objects; however, the researchers believe this attraction stems from a medical disease known as Asperger’s syndrome. Objectum sexuals believe that OS is an orientation just like heterosexuality and homosexuality that are innate inside every person. Objects in the eyes of an OS person have spirits, personalities, and are also able to reciprocate love. Erika Eiffel, the spokesperson for objectum sexuality who also married the Eiffel Tower says, “I can find a person aesthetically attractive, but more than that the answer is no. I do not feel anything more than friendship with people. I tried to have relations with people in the years and I rejected the OS but each time was a failure and caused me pain” (Eiffel). Those who are OS have no desire to be with humans; however, they see their objects as human and have the same emotions related to other sexualities. They feel lust, love, jealousy, warmth, and passion for these objects and even become aroused around them like one would with a human partner. Objectum sexual have a mental connection with the objects which allows them to be intimate and share a deep connection. They have a certain mental and physical union with their object and believe that beauty is simply in the eye of the beholder. (What is OS). This means that their idea of beauty and love may be different; however, objectum sexual feel their orientation should be regarded in the same manner as homosexuality, bisexuality, etc. Asperger’s disease, a form of autism is being correlated with objectum sexuality by many medical researchers. Half of the objectum sexual community suffers from Asperger’s leading researchers to feel that objectum sexuality may stem from this medical condition. Sufferers of Asperger’s live in a world where people seem hostile and mean, but inanimate objects appear friendly and loving. They dread the touch of another human being; however, they long for a passionate encounter with their object. Objectum sexuals and those diagnosed with Asperger’s both find human relationships difficult and incomprehensible, while relationships with objects come naturally. Jerry Brooker, New York State medical researcher says, “It is not that an Asperger person does not long for human relationships. But someone who falls in love with objects can control that relationship on their own terms. Their objects will not let them down” (Brooker qtd I Married the Eiffel Tower 3). To a person suffering from Asperger’s relationships with objects is easy because as the person they are in complete control. An object will never let them down and cause pain like a human could. To a desperately lonely person, loving an object seems very appealing. Psychoanalysts find objectum sexuality to be a type of fetishism. It is diagnosed to be a fetish because of the fixation on an inanimate object that is not sexual in nature and the compulsive need for it. Objectum sexuality is classified as a fetish by psychoanalyst because of the need to take an artifact of their object with them at all times. Objectum sexuals use these objects for sexual gratification and to reach a climax, leading analyst to deem it as a fetish. A person with a fetish often spends significant amounts of time thinking about the object of the fetish. Further, the object is intimately related to sexual pleasure or gratification. In the extreme, the presence of the fetish object is required for sexual release and gratification. Objectum sexuality is both a form fetish because the object and shape are important as well as a media fetish because the material of the objects also enhances the emotions and passion of the individual. Analysis has shown that fetishists have poor social skills and lead very isolated and lonely lives, void of human interaction. (Fetishism) There should be no debate on whether objectum sexuality is an orientation, mental disorder, of fetish. The answer is clear because of the growing group of people who claim to be objectum sexual and have intimate relationships with objects. OS should be labeled as an orientation, the same as heterosexuality, homosexuality, and even asexuality. When a person feels a certain way about their lifestyle then the world should be open and willing to accept it. Objectum sexual live by the motto “It’s unconventional but we don’t care”. Homosexuality is unconventional; however, there is nothing wrong with it and it seen as a sexual orientation. Objectum sexuals and their chosen lifestyle should be respected in the same manner. Humans are evolving from the traditional ways of life and it is time for the world and society to do the same. Works Cited Eiffel, Erika. "What is OS. " Objectum-Sexuality Internationale. Web. 18 Nov. 2009. . "Fetishism. " Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. Web. 18 Nov. 2009. . "I Married the Eiffel Tower. " Aspies For Freedom. 25 May 2008. Web. 18 Nov. 2009. .

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Grotesque in the Story

In the story, “The Life You Save Might Be Your Own” to be grotesque means that you’re disgusting, bizarre and twisted. It also has to do with an obsession. The character that is the most grotesque is Mr. Tom T. Shiftlet, the drifter. Mr. Tom’s words that make him grotesque are that he says “People do anything” and “People don’t care how they lie”. Actions that make him grotesque are that he only marries Lucynell for the money and car, basically he used her. Also the first thing he mentions when he first gets to the Craters house is the car. Another action that makes him grotesque is that he was at The Hot Spot with Lucynell, went for a drive and never came back for her. This makes him grotesque because he left a mentally challenged girl by herself far away from home stranded, so basically she’s stuck there. Mr. Tom’s appearance makes him look more grotesque than the other characters. His appearance consists of him missing half of his left arm, gaunt figure, long black hair, dirty, big jaw and forehead. This makes him grotesque because it makes him look scary and frightening. He just looks bizarre. Nobody tries to approach him or anything because of his scary looking appearance. He just overall looks grotesque and ugly. Another factor that makes Mr. Tom grotesque is what other characters also say about him. What the other characters think about Tom is that people such as Mrs. Crater, say that he’s a tramp, drifter and bum. These words can make anybody seem grotesque. Whenever the word bum or tramp is thought about, us as humans think of somebody as being nasty, disgusting and just don’t want to get near them. They’re basically thought of as grotesque because of the way they live and appear. Mr. Tom T. Shiftlet made many bad actions. Some things that he should have done was not get married to Lucynell just for the car and money, he should have said no because he already knew what his intentions were. He also shouldn’t have left Lucynell at The Hot Spot by herself with any help to get home. He should have at least had the decency to leave her home, then leave by himself and make up some lie as to when he’s going to come back, if he does. Overall Mr. Tom should have acted more mature and honest with the Craters.

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Crime Analysis Technology

HOW TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN CRIME ANALYSIS CJ 216 Highfill, Lucrissa 9/7/2010 Leave this page blank The first step in the crime analysis process is the collection of data; this step is closely connected to data storage. As noted above, this step occurs outside the direct control of the crime analysis function. In most police agencies, officers and/or civilian employees enter crime reports and other data into a computer system. Officers may write reports in longhand that are then entered into the computer system by data entry clerks, officers may input incident reports directly into a computer system, or police dispatchers may write reports directly into the computer system. The policies dictating data entry procedures, as well as the care taken by the individuals who execute the procedures, are crucial to crime analysis because they affect both the quantity and the quality of the data and subsequent analysis. Some of the data collected in police departments are not relevant for crime analysis, so subsets of information are compiled for analysis purposes. For example, police officers draw diagrams of car accidents for purposes of insurance claims and other legal concerns. Crime analysts are generally not concerned with the exact circumstances of each car accident; rather, they are concerned with compiling data on the dates, times, locations, and nature of all accidents, as this information can help them to understand this type of activity more generally. In addition, the manner in which data are stored and the amount of data stored are important in crime analysis. Data must be in an electronic format, collected regularly (e. . , on a daily or weekly basis), and collected for a significant amount of time to be useful for crime analysis. Paper copies of reports and other information are not useful to crime analysts because data in this form are too time-consuming and cumbersome to analyze. Information has to be coded into an electronic database to be useful for crime analysis. The time that elapses between the observation, or data collection, and the availability of data needs to be reasonably short if the data are to be useful for crime analysis. For example, electronic crime report data that are not available until 6 months after reports are written are not useful. The amount of data stored also needs to be adequate (e. g. , multiple years) for crime analysts to have enough information to conduct satisfactory analyses. For example, 2 months’ worth of data cannot provide a comprehensive picture of a burglary problem. Finally, it is also important for crime analysts to have access to raw data. Many police computer systems only allow retrieval of individual records and/or the creation of statistical reports on paper. Crime analysts must be able to download electronic data into myriad software programs to conduct analyses using the various techniques discussed in this book. To summarize, the crime analysis data collection process requires the following: 1. The data must be collected accurately and consistently. 2. Only data appropriate for crime analysis should be compiled (i. e. , some characteristics important to crime analysis may not be collected because they are not relevant for official or legal purposes). 3. The data must be collected in a timely manner (e. g. , not 6 months after the observations). 4. The data must be stored for an adequate amount of time to allow for satisfactory analysis. 5. The data must be accessible in raw form to be queried and downloaded. ?? Crime analysis is the systematic study of crime and disorder problems as well as other police-related issues—including sociodemographic, spatial, and temporal factors—to assist the police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation. ?? Crime analysis is not haphazard or anecdotal; rather, it involves the application of data collection procedures, analytic methods, and statistical techniques. ? Crime analysis entails more than the study of criminal incidents; it includes the examination of other information that is of concern to police, including disorder activity and police operational information. ?? Temporal, spatial (crime mapping), and sociodemographic factors are key areas of focus in crime analysts’ examinations of crime, disorder, and other police-related issues. ?? The goals of crime analysis are to assist police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation. ?? The crime analysis process—that is, the general way in which crime analysis is practiced—includes the steps of data collection, data collation, analysis, dissemination of results, and the receipt of feedback from users of the information. ?? The data modification sub cycle is a sub process within the crime analysis process in which the analyst makes changes in data collection and collation procedures based on insights gained during the analysis. ?? The term crime analysis refers to a general concept and to a discipline practiced in the policing community. The five major types of crime analysis— intelligence analysis, criminal investigative analysis, tactical crime analysis, strategic crime analysis, and administrative crime analysis—differ from one another in purpose, scope, data, and analysis techniques. ?? Tactical crime analysis is the study of recent criminal incidents and potential criminal activity through the examination of characteristics such as how, when, and where the activity has occurred to assist in pattern development, investigative lead and suspect identification, and case clearance. ? Strategic crime analysis is the study of crime problems and other police related issues to determine long-term patterns of activity as well as to evaluate police responses and organizational procedures. ?? Administrative crime analysis is the presentation of interesting findings of crime research and analysis based on legal, political, and practical concerns to inform audiences within police administration, city government/council, and citizens.

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Botulism

Botulism Description Botulism is a rare but very serious paralytic illness that is caused by botulinum toxin(potentially deadly neurotoxin) which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin can enter the body in 3 main ways: by the ingestion of the toxin from eating foods that contain the botulism toxin (food borne botulism), by the contamination of a wound by the bacterium in which the toxin is produced (wound botulism) and Infant botulism which is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release the toxin. The powerful exotoxin (botulinum toxin) leads to secretory diarrhea. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are therefore considered to be medical emergencies. Food borne botulism can be very dangerous because there is not a single person at risk but instead many people can be poisoned by the consumption of contaminated food. What kind of a germ is Clostridium botulinum? Clostridium botulinum is a gram positive rod shaped bacteria and is part of a group of bacteria which are commonly found in soil all over the world. These rod shaped anaerobic organisms grow best in low or absent oxygen conditions. Clostridium botulinum forms spores which provide them with the ability of surviving in a dormant state until they are exposed to conditions that support their growth. As spores they are able to survive the inhospitable conditions of the stomach in their transit to the large intestine. They are commonly found in foods such as honey though they are not usually harmful to adults. The spores that do pass to the colon and are able to germinate cannot compete with the normal microflora and do not thus cause disease. In the case of infants, however the ingested spores can germinate and grow in the colon due to the lack of development of the resident microflora. The Clostridium botulinum spores germinate and produce botulism toxin. There are seven types of botulism toxin, which are toxins A through G. However only types A, B, E (rarely F) are the most in that produce the flaccid paralysis in humans. The other types mainly cause disease in animals. Most Clostridium species produce only one type of neurotoxin. What are the symptoms of botulism? The common symptoms associated with Botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, blurred vision, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing, dry mouth and muscle weakness, vomiting, and diarrhea. After being examined by a doctor his examination may show the gag reflex and the deep tendon reflexes like the knee jerk are either decreased or even absent. Infants who have botulism may appear to be lethargic, weak, and have floppy movements due to muscle weakness and trouble controlling the head. Infants may eat poorly, become constipated, have a weak cry, poor muscle tone and difficulty sucking or feeding. Many of these symptoms are part of the muscle paralysis that is caused by the bacterial neurotoxin. If these symptoms are untreated they may cause paralysis in the various parts of the body. The most often paralysis seen is as the descending paralysis of the arms, legs, trunk and the breathing muscles. Causes Food boune botulism takes place when you eat food containing the toxin and it disrupts nerve function, causing paralysis. The source of the food-borne botulism is often by foods that were canned or preserved at home. Many people pick fruits and vegetables from the garden in the summer months and jarred them so they can eat them during the winter months. These foods need to be cooked at very high temperatures to kill the bacteria. If not cooked at very high temperature the bacteria Clostridium botulinum can cause botulism in the people who eat the food. It is also common in canned foods that are low in acid, such as green beans, corn and beets.

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Speech Outline

Topic: Karma General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of the principle of karma. Central Idea Statement: I am explaining the definition, practice and history of karma. I. Karma is based off of Newton’s third law of motion, “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. ” A. Every time we think or do something, we create a cause. This cause will eventually have an effect. 1. Everyone is responsible for his or her own karma. 2. Karma is the combination of both past and present deeds done. B. Karma is not punishment. 1. The idea that karma punishes man for his sins is wrong. . People who sigh and blame bad happenings on their karma don’t understand that their free will is what creates their destiny. a. It is an expression or consequence of their actions. II. Karma is a spiritually originated law in several religions. A. Hinduism believes that karma is exemplified through four ways: through thoughts, through words, through actions, and through actions others do under one’s instructions. 1. According to Hindu scriptures, there are three kinds of karma: accumulated karma (Sanchita), present karma (Prarabdha), and everything they produce in current life (Kriyamana). . They believe that all kryiyamana karma strings together with sanchita karma and shape their future. B. Buddhism practices the Four Laws of Karma. 1. Results are similar to the cause. 2. No results without a cause. 3. Once an action is done, the result is never lost. 4. Karma expands. C. Powers of Purification is the process of reversing bad karma. 1. Power of the Object a. One thinks of the people he has hurt, and then generates compassion for them. 2. Power of Regret a. One examines past negative actions (the emotion of guilt is said to be a useless emotional torture) 3. Power of Promise . One promises to never repeat negative actions 4. Power of Practice a. One makes positive action, with meaning, for practice. (Example: destroying pride, counteracting greed, ignorance and negative thoughts). III. Often, those who believe in karma believe in reincarnation. A. Reincarnation occurs after death of a body, when the soul returns to Earth, being reborn into a new body. 1. This experience is also called transmigration of the soul. B. If one balanced their karma well, they will be rewarded in their next birth. 1. It is believed that we exist as a sum of all our past lives.

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Marketing Plan Work Sheet

Contents

I. Executive Summary
II. Situation Analysis
III. Marketing Objectives and Performance
IV. Target Market(s)
V. Marketing Strategies
- A. Target Market(s)
- B. Marketing Mix 1
VI. Marketing Implementation and Control

Marketing Plan Worksheets

Sources: Pride, W. M., Elliott, G., Rundle-Thiele, S. Waller, D., Paladino, A. & Ferrell, O. C. (2007).

Marketing: core concepts and applications (2nd Asia-pacific edition).

Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. (Text used in Marketing Fundamentals BU1008)

These worksheets are designed to assist you in writing a formal marketing plan. By answering the questions on these worksheets, you will be able to organize the information you collect about a company or organization. In addition, these worksheets will help ensure that you do not leave out important information or parts of the marketing plan. Note also that these worksheets are meant to be a flexible guide that can be adapted to the unique requirements of a specific marketing plan. A sample marketing plan can be found in Appendix 1, Pride et., 2007, p. 475, Since there is no one best way to organize a marketing plan, this outline should serve as a starting point. Your instructor may provide you with a different format or ask that you include additional information not contained in this outline. These worksheets are flexible enough to accommodate any changes your instructor might make.

Marketing Plan Worksheets

I. Executive Summary

The executive summary is a synopsis of the overall marketing plan. The executive summary is easier to write if you do t last after you have written the entire marketing plan.

II. Situation Analysis

A. The Marketing Environment

1. Competitive Forces

Who are our major competitors as of today? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
Who is likely to be our major competitors in the future?
What response can we expect from our competition if we change our marketing mix?
How does the structure of the industry affect competitive forces in the industry?

2. Economic Forces

What is the general economic condition of the country, state, city, or local area? Are our consumers optimistic or pessimistic about the economy?
What is the buying power of consumers in our target market(s)?
What are the current spending patterns of consumers in our target market(s)? Are consumers buying less or more of our product and why?

3. Political Forces

Have recent elections changed the political landscape? What type of industry controls do our newly elected favorcians favor?
What is our company doing currently to maintain good relations with elected political officials? Have these activities been effective? Why or why not?

4. Legal and Regulatory Forces

What changes in federal, state, or local regulations regulation are being proposed that would affect the way we operate?

5. Technological Forces

What impact has changing technology had on our target market(s)?
What technological changes will affect the way we operate or manufacture our products?
What technological changes will affect the way we conduct marketing activities? d)Do any technological advances threaten to make our product(s) obsolete?

6. Sociocultural Forces

How are society’s demographics and values changing? What effect will these changes have on our operations?
What is society's general attitude about our industry, company, and product(s)?
What consumer or environmental groups could intervene in the operations of our industry or company?
What ethical issues should we address?

B. SWOT Analysis Strengths

1. Strength 1_________________________________________________________

How does this strength affect the operations of the company?
How does this strength assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

2. Strength 2 _________________________________________________________

How does this strength affect the operations of the company?
How does this strength assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

3. Strength 3 _________________________________________________________

How does this strength affect the operations of the company?
How does this strength assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

Weakness

1. Weakness 1 _________________________________________________________

How does this weakness affect the operations of the company?
How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

2. Weakness 2 _________________________________________________________

How does this weakness affect the operations of the company?
How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

3. Weakness 3 _________________________________________________________

How does this weakness affect the operations of the company?
How does knowledge of this weakness assist the company in meeting the needs of its target market(s)?

Opportunities

1. Opportunity 1 _________________________________________________________

How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity?

2. Opportunity 2 _________________________________________________________

How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity?

3. Opportunity 3 _________________________________________________________

How is this opportunity related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to capitalize on this opportunity?

Threats

1. Threat 1_________________________________________________________

How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of the organization?

2. Threat 2 _________________________________________________________

How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of the organization?

Threat 3 _________________________________________________________

How is this threat related to serving the needs of our target market(s)?
What actions must the company take to prevent this threat from limiting the capabilities of the organization?

C. Matching Strengths to Opportunities/Converting Weaknesses and Threats

How can the company’s strengths be matched to its opportunities to create capabilities?
How can the company convert its weaknesses into strengths?
How can the company convert its threats into opportunities?

III. Marketing Objectives and Performance

1. Review of Marketing Objectives

What are our current marketing objectives?
Are these objectives consistent with recent changes in the marketing environment and changes in the needs of our target market(s)?

2. Performance Analysis

Currently, how are we performing in terms of sales volume, market share, and profitability?
How does our current performance compare to other firms in the industry?
If our performance is declining, are our marketing objectives inconsistent with changes in the marketing environment and/or target market(s)?
Is the performance of the industry as a whole declining? Why or why not?
If our performance is improving, what actions can we take to ensure that our performance continues to improve?
Is the performance of the industry as a whole improving? Why or why not?

3. Future Marketing Objectives

Marketing Objective 1

What are the specific and measurable outcomes and time frame frames for completing this objective?
How does this objective take advantage of our arestrengthstrength or opportunity?
How does this objective convert into a weakness or threat?
How is this objective consistent with the firm’s goals and mission?

Marketing Objective 2

What are the specific and measurable outcomes and time frames outcomes for completing this objective?
How does this objective take advantage of strength or opportunity?
How does this objective convert into a weakness weaknessor weakness or threat?
How is this objective consistent with the firm’s goals and mission?

IV. Target Market(s)

1. Identification

Demographic characteristics: sex, age, income, occupation, education, ethnic background, family life cycle, etc.
Geographic characteristics: location, accessibility, climate, density, resources
Psychographic characteristics: attitudes, opinions, interests, motives, lifestyles
Product-usage characteristics: usage rate, benefits sought

2. Needs Analysis

What are the current needs of our target market(s)?
How well are our current product offerings meeting these needs?
How well are our competitors’ offerings meetings these needs? d)How are the needs of our target market(s) expected to change shortly target? What about changes in the distant future?

V. Marketing Strategies

A. Target Market(s)

1. Target Market 1

Specific description of the target market in terms of demographic, geographic, psychographic, and product-usage characteristics
Justification for the selection of this target market
Competitors that also serve this target market

2. Target Market 2

Specific description of the target market in terms of demographic, geographic, psychographic, and product-usage characteristics
Justification for the selection of this target market
Competitors that also serve this target market

B. Marketing Mix 1

Marketing Mix 1 (to meet the needs of the target market 1)

Product strategies
Pricing strategies
Distribution strategies
Promotion strategies
How does this marketing mix give us a competitive advantage in target market 1?
Is this competitive advantage sustainable? Why or why not?

2. Marketing Mix 2 (to meet the needs of the target market 2)

Product strategies
Pricing strategies
Distribution strategies
Promotion strategies
How does this marketing mix give us a competitive advantage in target market 2?
Is this competitive advantage sustainable? Why or why not?

VI. Marketing Implementation and Control

A. Marketing Organization

1. How will the marketing unit be organized: by functions, products, regions, or types of customers? Why?

2. Where will decision-making authority rest within the marketing unit? Will frontline employees and managers be empowered to make decisions? If yes, how will the organization ensure that employees make the right decisions?

B. Activities, Responsibility, and Timetable for Completion

1. Product Activities

a) Activity 1

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date ________________________________________

2. Pricing Activities

a) Activity 1

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date ________________________________________

3. Distribution Activities

a) Activity 1

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date ________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date ________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

4. Promotion Activities

a) Activity 1

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date ________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Person responsible ____________________________________________
Target completion date _________________________________________

5. How can the organization ensure that employees are motivated to implement these marketing activities?

6. How can the organization ensure that all marketing activities are coordinated with other functional areas within the firm?

C. Performance Standards and Financial Controls

1. Product Activities

a) Activity 1

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

2. Pricing Activities

a) Activity 1

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Budget
Performance standard ___________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action _________________________________________________________

3. Distribution Activities

a) Activity 1

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

4. Promotion Activities

a) Activity 1

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

b) Activity 2

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

c) Activity 3

Budget
Performance standard ____________________________________________________________
Possible corrective action __________________________________________________________

D. Evaluation and Monitoring Procedures

How will all marketing activities be monitored to ensure success?
Will a formal marketing audit be performed? If so, what will be the scope of the audit?
Will specialized audits be performed? If so, which marketing functions will be analyzed? (Reprinted by permission of Michael D. Hartline.

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Old School Rap

However, the definition of all rap music of the eighties as old school rap seems to be more common nowadays, although musically it is not particularly useful. In the mid-1970s, hip hop split into two camps. One sampled disco and focused on getting the crowd dancing and excited, with simple or no rhymes ; these DJs included Pete DJ Jones, Eddie Cheeba, DJ Hollywood? and Love Bug Starski. On the other hand, another group were focusing on rapid-fire rhymes and a more complex rhythmic scheme. These included Afrika Bambaataa? , Paul Winley, Grandmaster Flash and Bobby Robinson. As the 70s became the 1980s, many felt that hip hop was a novelty fad that would soon die out. This was to become a constant accusation for at least the next fifteen years. Some of the earliest rappers were novelty acts, using the themes to Gilligan’s Island and using sweet doo wop-influenced harmonies. With the advent of recorded hip hop in the late 1970s, all the major elements and techniques of the genre were in place. Though not yet mainstream, it was well-known among African Americans, even outside of New York City ; hip hop could be found in cities as diverse as Los Angeles, Washington, Baltimore, Dallas, Kansas City, Miami, Seattle, St. Louis, New Orleans, and Houston. Philadelphia was, for many years, the only city whose contributions to hip hop were valued as greatly as New York City’s by hip hop purists and critics. Hip hop was popular there at least as far back as 1976 (first record : "Rhythm Talk", by Jocko Henderson in 1979), and the New York Times dubbed Philly the "Graffiti Capital of the World" in 1971, due to the influence of such legendary graffiti artists as Cornbread. The first female solo artist to record hip hop was Lady B. ("To the Beat Y’All", 1980), a Philly-area radio DJ. Later Schoolly D helped invent what became known as gangsta rap? The 1980s saw intense diversification in hip hop, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of 1970s emcees were replaced by highly metaphoric lyrics rapping over complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Kurtis Blow? , whose appearance in a Sprite commercial made him the first hip hop musician to be considered mainstream enough to represent a major product, but also the first to be accused by the hip-hop audience of selling out. Another popular performer among mainstream audiences was LL Cool J, who was a success from the release of his first LP, Radio. Hip hop was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade, it began its spread to every inhabited continent and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, breakdancing became the first aspect of hip hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa, where the crew Black Noise established the practice before beginning to rap later in the decade. Meanwhile, recorded hip hop was released in France (Dee Nasty’s 1984 Paname City Rappin’) and the Philippines (Dyords Javier’s "Na Onseng Delight" and Vincent Dafalong’s "Nunal"). In Puerto Rico, Vico C became the first Spanish language rapper, and his recorded work was the beginning of what became known as reggaetonIn the 90s, gangsta rap became mainstream, beginning in about 1992, with the release of Dr. Dre’s The Chronic. This album established a style called G Funk, which soon came to dominate West Coast hip hop. Later in the decade, record labels based out of Atlanta, St. Louis and New Orleans gained fame for their local scenes. By the end of the decade, especially with the success of Eminem, hip hop was an integral part of popular music, and nearly all American pop songs had a major hip hop component. In the 90s and into the following decade, elements of hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music ; neo soul, for example, combined hip hop and soul music and produced some major stars in the middle of the decade, while in the Dominican Republic, a recording by Santi Y Sus Duendes and Lisa M became the first single of merenrap, a fusion of hip hop and merengue. In Europe, Africa and Asia, hip hop began to move from an underground phenomenon to reach mainstream audiences. In South Africa, Germany, France, Italy and many other countries, hip hop stars rose to prominence and gradually began to incorporate influences from their own country, resulting in fusions like Tanzanian Bongo Flava.

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Efe and Cpm

Google Case Study EFE (External Factor of Evaluation) S. no| Opportunities| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| 1. | In future Google expand their coverage of universe with alliance LSST. | 0. 05| 2| 0. 1| 2. | Google may explore new businesses in future related to telescope. | 0. 1| 2| 0. 2| 3. | After implementing of LSST telescope build up-to-the-minute image of internet, which will give him competitive advantage. | 0. 02| 2| 0. 04| 4. | After Acquiring YouTube; it can start new services for the business point of view or explore new talent. | 0. 03| 1| 0. 03| 5. Google can offer their professional services; for research and market trend to china mobile. | 0. 02| 1| 0. 02| 6. | Google can alliance with other telecommunication companies and provide services world wide neither in china | 0. 03| 1| 0. 03| 7. | in this situation Google have opportunity to utilize NASA expertise for innovation ; can inter into new business | 0. 05| 2| 0. 1| 8. | Google can start new portal like yahoo group and can increase their market share| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 9. | Google can become mass marketer portal like yahoo or MSN to add; Add on their home page. | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 10. Google can start new services like multimedia, private database and print media. | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| | Threats| | | | 1. | Google partially depend upon some portal that is AOL and other in case of contract termination they may face problems. | 0. 1| 3| 0. 3| 2. | There is no long time entry barrier in this business. Many competitors can emerge in coming years with same services, better interface and names and can catch up Google’s market. | 0. 1| 3| 0. 3| 3. | If Google comes up becoming portal, it may lose its simplicity and comprehensiveness because of which favorite among its users. | 0. 1| 3| 0. | 4. | Google can get trapped in issues regarding privacy if it decides to go for highly personalized search for which it has to capture user’s personal information. | 0. 1| 4| 0. 4| 5. | Yahoo group is threat for Google | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 6. | Yahoo provide more services than Google| | | 0| 7. | Yahoo! 's Overture is a tremendously profitable Internet advertising business. | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 8. | The Yahoo! Directory is an original source of structured information. It has built over the last decade, and unlike mainstream search engines, its content is moderated| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| | | 1. 00| | 2. 72| Conclusion:Google has a total weighted score of 2. 72 indicating that the firm is above average in its efforts to pursue strategies that capitalization on external opportunities and avoid threats. Google Case Study IFE Internal Factor of Evaluation S. no| Strength| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| 1. | Acquiring YouTube | 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| 2. | Google brand name Itself| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 3| Ads word free service for earning revenue | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 4. | It offers many products and services I. e. ; Desktop products, Mobile products, and Web products. | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 5. | It has a strong professional networking space present. 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| | | | | | | Weakness | | | | 1| Consideration only in China for facilitate mobile user | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 2| It can lose control over the indexing policy. | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3| The censorship will be imposed which will render many services to be less effective. | 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 4| Its cost-per-click advertising charge & ranking policy makes it difficult for the clients to predict the positioning of their ads and their costing as per se. | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 5| It has weak presence regarding the social-networking space. | 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| | | 1. 00| | 3. 35| Conclusion:Google has a total weighted score of 3. 5 indicating that the firm is above average in its efforts to pursue strategies that capitalization on internal Strength and avoid weakness. CPM Competitive Profile Matrix Google Case Study | | | Yahoo| MSN| S. No| Critical Success Factor| Weight | Rate| Score| Rate| Score| 1| Technology| . 20| 4| . 80| 2| . 40| 2| Innovation| . 10| 3| . 30| 3| . 30| 3| Market Share| . 05| 4| . 20| 3| . 15| 4| Financial Position | . 10| 4| . 40| 3| . 30| 5| Alliance | . 05| 3| . 15| 4| . 20| 6| Merger | . 05| 1| . 05| 3| . 15| 7| Professionalism | . 05| 3| . 15| 4| . 20| 8| Services| . 10| 4| . 40| 3| . 30| 9| Customer Loyalty | . 20| 4| . 0| 3| . 60| 10| Advertisement | . 10| 4| . 40| 3| . 30| | Total| 1. 00| -| 3. 65| -| 2. 90| Conclusion Yahoo has a total score 3. 65 indicating that it has the competitive advantage over MSN based upon the above critical success factors. EFE (External Factor of Evaluation) S. no| Opportunities| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| 1. | Arrange seminars and workshops for awareness of business programs. | 0. 05| 4| 0. 20| 2. | Start new courses in working days | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3. | To extend with conventional to virtual education system | 0. 10| 2| 0. 20| 4. | Build strong relationship with their alumni specially Weekend’s | 0. 0| 3| 0. 30| 5. | Take initiate for specialized professional programs | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 6. | KASB Group can start Practical approach training program | 0. 05| 4| 0. 20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Threats| | | | 1. | Universities that allocate near to the KASBIT geographically | 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| 2. | Other universities Weekend Programs | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3. | HEC requirements for sustain or maintain standards | 0. 05| 2| 0. 15| 4. | Economical, political and law in order situation uncertainty and influence| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 5. | New programs offers from competitive universities | 0. 5| 3| 0. 45| 6. | Old conventional universities values and standards| 0. 10| 2| 0. 20| | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. 00| | 2. 95| Conclusion:KASBIT has a total weighted score of 2. 95 indicating that the firm is above average in its efforts to pursue strategies that capitalization on external opportunities and avoid threats. IFE Internal Factor of Evaluation S. no| Strength| Weight| Rating| Weighted Score| 1. | Recognized with HEC in “W” category | 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| 2. | Member of AACSB and Certified by URS| 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 3| Located in center of the city | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 4. | M. Phil & PhD Programs | 0. 5| 3| 0. 15| 5. | Four Campuses over different locations in Karachi| 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 6. | Renowned as KASB Group| | | | | Weakness | | | | 1. | Condition and atmosphere of Cafeteria | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 2. | Administrative staff | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3. | Visiting Faculties selecting criteria | 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 4. | Space and Collection of Literature is limited in Library. | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 5. | Students inquiries, registration and Announcement procedure is online instead rigid and conventional | 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| 6. | Only expend their campuses in Karachi instead all over Pakistan. | 1. 00| | 3. 35| Conclusion:KASBIT has a total weighted score of 3. 35 indicating that the firm is above average in its efforts to pursue strategies that capitalization on internal Strength and avoid weakness. CPM Competitive Profile Matrix | | | MAJU| BIZTAK| PAFKIT| S. No| Critical Success Factor| Weight | Rate| Score| Rate| Score| Rate| Score| 1| Technology| 0. 20| 4| 0. 80| 4| 0. 80| 2| 0. 40| 2| Faculty Members | 0. 15| 4| 0. 60| 3| 0. 45| 3| . 30| 3| Financial Position | 0. 05| 2| 0. 10| 2| 0. 10| 3| . 15| 4| Afflation with International Universities| 0. 10| 1| 0. 10| 2| 0. 20| 3| . 30| 5| HEC Rank | 0. 15| 1| 0. 5| 3| 0. 45| 4| 0. 60| 6| Relationship with Alumni | 0. 05| 3| 0. 15| 2| 0. 10| 3| 0. 15| 7| Library and student consulting | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 4| 0. 40| 4| 0. 40| 8| Fees structure | 0. 10| 3| 0. 30| 3| 0. 30| 3| 0. 30| 9| Student loyalty | 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 3| 0. 30 | 2| 0. 20| 10| Seminars and workshops & social activities | 0. 10| 4| 0. 40| 3| 0. 30| 1| 0. 10| | Total| 1. 00| -| 3. 30| -| 3. 40| -| 2. 90| Conclusion BIZTEK has a total score 3. 40 indicating that it has the competitive advantage over MAJU & PIFKIT based upon the above critical success factors.

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Efe and Cpm. (2017, Sep 25). Retrieved November 3, 2025 , from
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Marketing Plan Worksheets

Marketing Plan Worksheets

I. Executive Summary

II. Situation Analysis

A. The Marketing Environment

1. Competitive Forces

2. Economic Forces

3. Political Forces

4. Legal and Regulatory Forces

5. Technological Forces

6. Sociocultural Forces

B. SWOT Analysis Strengths

Weakness

Opportunities

Threats

C. Matching Strengths to Opportunities/Converting Weaknesses and Threats

III. Marketing Objectives and Performance

1. Review of Marketing Objectives

2. Performance Analysis

3. Future Marketing Objectives

IV. Target Market(s)

1. Identification

2. Needs Analysis

V. Marketing Strategies

A. Target Market(s)