A Prisoners Tale of Prison

A prison is a penal institution administered by the state or federal government. It is a place for the confinement of persons convicted of criminal offenses and is therefore part of a larger penal system, which includes other aspects of criminal justice such as courts, law enforcement, and crime labs. Nevertheless, many people are critical of the US’s prison system the idea of locking up those who commit crimes against a society simply to keep them from doing harm.

Many say that more rehabilitation is necessary to improve these individuals and, therefore, society as a whole. Although there are many aspects in regards to prison life, I plan to discuss what it is like to be an inmate in the California prison system. There are many prisons in the state of California. The most popular prison in California is San Quentin State Prison. San Quentin is a maximum level prison; with a current population of 5967 inmates. San Quentin holds a wide variety of inmates. These inmates are repeated criminals, murders, or gangs members. There are numerous gangs in San Quentin.

The list of gangs are Black Guerrilla Family, Aryan Brotherhood, Mexican Mafia (La Eme), Texas Syndicate, La Nuestra Familia, Asian Tong, Mongols, Varrio Sureno Locos, Hells Angels, 18th Street, Nazi Low Riders, Two Two Boys, Crips (Westside 18 GIB). Those are just to name a few gangs that are in San Quentin. San Quentin is a state prison that has a Death Row. They have two options for death row personnel lethal injection or lethal gas. San Quentin is famous for housing some of the most ruthless, dangerous criminals, such as Robert Walter Scully, Stanley "Tookie" Williams (San Quentin Prison, 2006).

Prison life is not a normal life. You are always incarcerated with other inmates. Once you are brought to prison you are processed and screened. You are checked for any weapons, narcotics and any other dangerous materials. Once you are “stripped searched”, you are then screened according to your history of violence, in other words whether or not you were a gang member you will be housed in accordance to your background (criminal offenses). A prime example is if you have gang-affiliated background you will be placed in a gang section.

Another example is that of San Quentin, all new inmates are processed and placed in their section and headed to what is called West Block. It is the area where new inmates go and are housed in their cells. The blocks so to speak are five tier buildings that can house up to two or three inmates at one time. In prison you are being watched every minute. While in prison you have recreation time, which is time outside to walk, lift weights, and exercise. When it dinner time you are brought one tier at a time.

San Quentin has solitary confinement, which is no communication with outside or other inmates. They call this the “hole”. San Quentin is an old prison that is still active today. The difference between San Quentin and modern day prisons is San Quentin is one of the oldest prisons today. They have very minimal technology for this prison (Inside San Quentin, 2005). All cells are to be unlocked one by one and opened simultaneously by a handle. Each prison has programs to rehabilitate an inmate that is trying to change. Such rehab programs are workshop related, on job training.

Some programs give prisoners a job working with the prison staff doing minor upgrades and fixing minor repairs. These programs are to help an inmate get back on their feet and adjust to society. For example, San Quentin has The San Quentin Drama Workshop (Berton, 2008); San Quentin SQUIRES (San Quentin Utilization of Inmate Resources, Experiences, and Studies) program, which is a program that began in 1964; it is reported to be the oldest juvenile awareness program in the United States. It involves inmates at the prison interacting with troubled youths for the purpose of deterring them from crime.

Another great rehabilitation method is the on-site college degree-granting program. It’s a program to help inmate attain a degree. Currently San Quentin is the only prison in the State of California who is authorized for this program; The California Reentry Program at San Quentin, begun in 2003, helps inmates re-enter society after they serve their sentences (Moody, 2007). Although there are many perceptions as to what life is like in prison; I conducted an interview with an ex-convict who served time for Manufacturing of Methamphetamine.

He explained to me what his experience was like in prison, which gave me a better understanding of prisoners life behind bars as well as the opportunities that are offered to them. He further more explained, that while in prison it’s a completely different environment, you are always being watched. You are in your cell 23 hours a day. You will shower when you are told to shower, eat when you are told to eat and have yard time when you are told to. He also stated that being in prison is a constant fight for respect. In prison there are rules, these rules are “prison rules”.

Once you are waiting to be processed, someone is assigned to you to induct you into the prison world. Mainly the dos and don’ts of prison life and the rules that is associated with prison. The person that inducts you is of your own race. Some of the rules that are forced up on you are that you must only associate with your own race, eat with your own race, and communicate with your own race. You can still say hello to another race, but you can hold a conversation with any other race but your own. Even though these rules are hard to understand in society, that is the only way you can stay alive and have no problems in prison.

While in prison there is a steady routine that is to be followed at all times. Every day at 530am all prisoners are awaken and are to be ready for breakfast. When it is breakfast, lunch or dinner each tier rotates on a weekly basis, meaning one week it will be tier 1, next, tier 2, and so on. After breakfast you are allowed to have “yard time” during your yard time you will be able to have time to walk around the yard, work out, tend to your job and or attend school. During yard time you will see every race segregated. Each race will have a section of yard to themselves.

In that area you are always being watched. There are lookouts in every race, and or gang that is looking out for everyone’s back. Do not be fooled even though there are guards watching everyone, each race/gang has weapons readily available. No matter where you are you always have someone watching you back. When you are in prison, you are always to have your back to wall, always be aware of your surroundings, and always keep your head up. You will never know when you will be victim of foul play or just collateral damage.

What I found interesting while conducting this interview, I found that there is a point system for every inmate. For example, the point system is based on what crime you committed, and if you have any history with the criminals justice system. This what is called processing. Once you’re are processed you are giving so many points. These points put you at a certain criteria, meaning when its yard time you will be given so many hours for yard time. Most inmates have an average of 25 points, which allows them to have open yard privileges, and longer hours.

When you cause trouble in prison your points go up and you will loose privileges such as yard time, and the ability to hold a job and or special privileges. During the interview, he also stated that jobs and rehab programs are not given to you upon your request. It all comes down to waiting. You have to wait for your time to come to either get a job and or join a rehabilitation program. Keep in mind when your time comes up you will have the opportunity to work and join rehabilitation programs, but if you deny that opportunity you will have lost that opportunity and you will have to wait until your time again.

When you have the opportunity in getting a job you are very little options, such jobs are furniture making, laundry, kitchen duties, and porters. When you have a job you work so many hours a day. The pay is minimum for example back in the day when this person was in prison he was getting paying 17-20 cents an hour. You may think all those years and money adds up , which means you may have a lot of money. That is not the case, when an inmate gets paid they have deductions that come out of that pay. All in all an inmate will only receive 20 percent pay from their jobs.

Their deductions are as follows, 20 percent going to victims of violent crimes; 20 percent goes to room and board; 20 percent restitution; 20 percent they make you save. Overall, you only receive 20 percent, which in total is about $200. 00 dollars once you are released. My last part of the interview was in regards to after completion of time severed; what happens to you then? This question was crucial in my interview because I wanted to see what answers this person provided. Articles state that we send prisoners to jobs and they start their life over from there.

He stated that once he was released from prison he was given 200 dollars and sent on his way. Luckily for him since he had a charge dealing with drugs, he was ordered to attend substance abuse program. After completion of substance abuse program, he was also ordered to stay in a half way house. While in that half way house he was on parole for 3 years. While there he had to find himself a job, help clean the house, and attend his parole meetings and he was subject to random inspections, and random urinalysis exams. While being on parole for 3 years, it was his responsibility to find himself a job.

While my interviewee was explaining his struggles in finding a job, it was brought to my attention that even though we have prisoners in prison for crimes they committed that it is very difficult for them to find a job even if they went to treatment and was on parole and showed progress that they can be trusted. These programs that we have implemented for prisoners to rehabilitate themselves really doesn’t work in my eyes because we are sending criminals out with very little money and no guidance for them to find a job or to get back on their feet.

The question that lies on my mind is, do these programs really work? Me honestly they do not, because these programs are not holding their part in helping a person find a job. We (society) is sending out criminals who have done their time and displayed themselves to society that they can be trusted and what do we give them a pat on the back and say goodbye. What kind of message are we sending for future criminals especially juveniles that are seeking advice to better themselves?

I feel that if they are bettering themselves, display remorse, and paid all debts to society then we should help them find a job and be part of society. It took my interviewee about 2 years to find a job and get stable again. Even with his criminal record he was able to find a job. Granted with his criminal record he was not able to get certain jobs, but he was able to find one. Even with his rehabilitation programs, classes, and good parole standings he was denied jobs even the most less paying jobs all because of his criminal record.

Granted a criminal record does hinder your options for job but he still did his time and parole and paid his debts at least the programs could have lead him the direction to find a job and provide referrals on his behalf stating that he was an upstanding citizen and was able to hold a steady job. I personally feel that we need to revamp our programs and be not judgmental on criminals who are released from prison. To conclude, there are many aspects in regards to prison life. As a whole life in prison bring forth negativity and anger and helps reinforce criminal mindsets instead of rehabilitating them.

Therefore, I think the use of alternative sentencing would be effective in seeing which offenders are repeaters before being exposed to prison. I furthermore believe that the existence of a prison is based on the need to remove so-called menaces to society from the public. To keep them in the care of the state and under a restrained environment for a certain amount of time, which varies depending upon the circumstances of their confinement? To quote my interviewee, “Once was enough”.

References

Insideprison (2006). San Quentin Prison, Retrieved June 7, 2010 from https://www. insideprison. com/San-Quentin-State-Prison.
sp MSNBC Special (2006), Inside San Quentin, Retrieved on June 7, 2010 from https://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/6890776
Berton, J. , (2008), When ‘Waiting for Godot’ played San Quentin, retrieved on June 07, 2010, from https://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2008/12/22/DDME14SN4R.
DTL City Youth Now (2010), S. Q. U. I. R. E. S, retrieved June 07, 2010, from https://www. cityyouthnow. org/programs/squires Moody, S. , (2007)
California Reentry Program gives ex-cons a second chance, retrieved June 07. 2010 from https://www. sfgate. com/cgi-bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2007/12/09/LV92TOP61. DTL

Did you like this example?

A Prisoners Tale of Prison. (2017, Sep 21). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Cleopatra’s Legacy: Unveiling the Truth Behind her Tragic End

Synopsis I have always been interested with anything to do with Egypt, and thought that Cleopatra would be quite a fascinating topic to study. I was interested in learning more about her life and thought it would be a good topic to gain a better understanding of her. I thought the mystery of her death would be an interesting addition to this assignment. To do this I wanted to look at the details of Cleopatra’s life and what events led up to her death. The three main theories of Cleopatra’s death is suicide by snake bite, suicide by poison, and the possibility that she was murdered. I analysed this information, along with the information I had gathered about the background of her life and came to the conclusion that she either committed suicide by poison, or she was murdered. The information is too strong and believable for the poison suicide, however I personally think it is more believable that she was murdered, as people would have more to gain from this, rather than Cleopatra ending her own life over a broken heart.

Who was Cleopatra, and how did she die? Queen Cleopatra of Egypt is the most well known of all the ancient Egyptian queens. She was born in Alexandria, Egypt in 69 B. C. during the reign of Ptolemy. Cleopatra was not Egyptian, but rather Macedonian, descended through a general of Alexander the Great. In 51 B. C. when Cleopatra was eighteen years of age, her father, Ptolemy Auletes, ruler of Egypt, died, leaving his kingdom and his will to Cleopatra, for her to become Egypt’s new queen. Little did they know she would be the last, after her mysterious death in 30 B. C. Cleopatra’s cause of death has presented many theories that have been contemplated for many years and continue to be to this day. The events of Cleopatra’s life have influenced these theories including her very special relationship with Marc Antony, which is to be believed the core motivation for two of the main theories. Suicide by snake bite is the first theory for the mysterious death of Queen Cleopatra, the second; suicide by poison and the third; murder. When Cleopatra took the throne, Egypt was in turmoil.

There was a famine in the land, and the Roman Empire was growing larger and becoming a greater threat to Egypt. In 48 B. C. Cleopatra was removed from her position as queen because of her actions which displeased some of the more powerful court officials. She was overthrown by them in favour of her younger brother, whom they believed would be easier to influence, causing Cleopatra to flee the country.

She did not return to Alexandria until Caesar arrived to obtain the country from her brother, Ptolemy in 48 B. C. She knew important meetings would be held about the country and did not want to be left out of anything, so she had herself smuggled in to meet Caesar wrapped up in a rug. It is thought that Cleopatra and Caesar fell in love at first sight and immediately became lovers. Caesar dethroned Ptolemy and placed Cleopatra on the throne as a puppet ruler for the country, and before long she became pregnant with their son. They traveled back to Rome together, where many disapproved of Caesar’s affection for her. When the Senate in Rome realized that Caesar was preparing to position himself as the new king, they had him assassinated on March 15, 44 B. C. Cleopatra was afraid for her life and that of her child, so she fled back to her home in Alexandria. When she returned, she had her brother Ptolemy XIV killed and regained the throne, making her four-year old son her coregent, always watching to seek the next man of power in Rome. In 41 B. C. , Mark Antony invited Cleopatra to Tarsus where they met and became lovers, despite his already existing wife.

The two spent much time together and once Antony had finally divorced his wife, the Western part of the world had to acknowledge his relationship with Cleopatra. By doing this, he put himself at odds with the forces of Rome, and made himself the enemy of Octavian, the emperor. In 31 B. C. Octavian’s army defeated Antony in Greece. He sent for Cleopatra, but was lied to and told that she was dead. When he heard this news, he committed suicide with his own sword. Cleopatra eventually came to him before he died, and stayed with him during his final moments. After Antony’s death, Cleopatra was taken to Octavian, where she was told that she would be displayed as a slave to all of the countries that she had ruled over. This would bring her great suffering and humiliation so she had her servants bring her a poisonous asp hidden in a basket.

Her religion believed that if one died by snake bite, they would become mmortal. She died on August 12, 30 B. C. , when she was only 39 years old. It has been documented that the snake bit Cleopatra on the arm, but there have also been reports that the snake bit her on the chest. This incident was followed with a note asking to be buried with Antony. However, this method of suicide has been believed to be unlikely because it has too many contradictions.

According to previous accounts, this method did not seem to be in Cleopatra’s nature as she was portrayed as a smart, charismatic woman who had shown great strength and courage. This makes it hard to believe that Cleopatra would resort to a method of death that involved so much pain, instead of researching a quick and painless method. Along with this is the lack of evidence of a snake in the mausoleum and the temperature for August would have been to warm for a snake to be with her at her time of death. Although the theory of suicide by snake bite has been the most popular over time, there are too many contradictions and missing or incorrect components for this theory to be correct. The second theory for Cleopatra’s death is that she committed suicide by poisoning herself, again, because of the loss of Antony. It has been known that Cleopatra studied different poisons to find the most effective and it is said that she kept poison in a hollow comb in her hair. German historian, Christoph Schaefer believes that hemlock, combined with wolfsbane and opium, may have been the deadly combination that led to death of Queen Cleopatra, based on the materials that would have been available to her at that time. It also fits the profile as this would have been the smarter option, because it would have been quick and painless. The third theory is that Queen Cleopatra was murdered. A criminal profiler found that Cleopatra did not fit the normal profile for a suicide victim, no matter how much she may have loved Antony.

Cleopatra was a strong woman, and had nothing to gain by dying, which made the two suicide theories unstable and unbelievable. These facts support the theory that Cleopatra may have been murdered.

Cleopatra was the last Queen to rule before the Roman takeover. This was a time when it was common for rulers to be murdered. It has been speculated that Octavia sent men to kill Cleopatra and commanded them to make it look like a suicide. The fact that Cleopatra didn’t fit the profile for a suicide victim, combined with what could be gained from her death makes this theory more plausible. In addition to this, upon Cleopatra’s death, Octavia became the new pharaoh, which proves he had the motive to kill her. Cleopatra was a strong powerful, woman, who had an extremely eventful life, and a mysterious, puzzling death. There is no uncertainty that our historical knowledge of Cleopatra will continue to grow. So as we see the world and our association with bewildering situations continually change –the reputation and portrayal of Cleopatra will continue to develop, along with the many theories that give insight into her life and death. Bibliography https://heritage-key. com/blogs/ann/did-cleopatra-prefer-poison-suicide-snake * Informed me on how the snake bite theory could be proven wrong and good information on the poison theory. https://penelope. chicago. edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/miscellanea/cleopatra/rixens. html * This site had good visuals with a recreated image of the ‘death scene’. This provided some good information on the background with Antony and Octavia, as well as some details about the snake bite theory. https://www. kingtutshop. com/freeinfo/cleopatra. htm * This provided some good background information on Cleopatra, as well as some good information on the background of Cleopatra’s family. https://ancienthistory. about. com/od/cleopatra/a/Cleopatra. tm * This had some good information on Cleopatra’s relationship with Julius Caesar, and their first meeting, but did not help my investigation much. I was disappointed to find it did not have much information into the different death theories.

MacDonald, F. (2003) Cleopatra: Queen of the Kings. Dorling Kindersley Ltd. Great Britain. * I found this book to have some quite good information about the three different death theories, I think this was a good help overall. It was set out nicely, visually as well.

Did you like this example?

Cleopatra's Legacy: Unveiling the Truth Behind Her Tragic End. (2017, Sep 21). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

S. Truett Cathy: Character in Leadership

NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET Learner: Jeffrey L Boyer THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Please Follow These Procedures: If requested by your mentor, use an assignment cover sheet as the first page of the word processor file. Use “headers” to indicate your course code, assignment number, and your name on each page of the assignment/homework including this assignment cover sheet. . Keep a Photocopy or Electronic Copy Of Your Assignments: You may need to re-submit assignments if your mentor has indicated that you may or must do so. Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor.

The knowing submission of another persons work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. OM5015 Dr. Jean Perlman Organizational Behavior Assignment 6 Faculty Use Only Character and Its Influence in Leadership Jeffrey L. Boyer Dr. Jean Perlman North Central University August 5, 2010 Abstract S. Truett Cathy (Truett Cathy) is the founder and CEO of Chick-fil-A, Inc. that currently operates as the second largest quick-serve chicken restaurant in the United States. The goal of this paper is to bring to light the influence, effectiveness and most importantly the character of one of the most endearing CEO’s in the United States. The paper provides a detailed overview of Mr. Cathy’s achievements in business, and provides a personal perspective from Mr. Cathy what he felt were the most important principles for developing a great business. A review of Truett Cathy’s character traits results in a discussion of some of the most important traits in correlation to his success such as, integrity, selflessness, high moral character and others. An examination of charisma and character is also found in the paper with a comparison in leadership characteristics of Mr. Cathy to that of Jack Welsh, former CEO of General Electric. The paper concludes with a short summation of how Mr. Cathy’s leadership principles could influence one’s leadership decisions moving forward. S. Truett Cathy: An Introduction S. Truett Cathy (Truett Cathy) is founder and chairman of Chick-fil-A, Inc. Cathy started the business in 1946, when he and his brother, Ben, opened an Atlanta diner known as The Dwarf Grill (later renamed The Dwarf House). Through the years, the restaurant prospered and led Cathy to further the success of his business. In 1967, Cathy founded and opened the first Chick-fil-A restaurant in Atlanta, GA with the company growing to the second-largest quick-service chicken restaurant chain in the United States based on annual sales. “Cathy”. n. d. para. 2) Truett Cathy is widely known as one of the most endearing and selfless entrepreneurs in business. Often described as the man who “invented the chicken sandwich”… Mr. Cathy would more rather be known to the world for his satisfaction and sense of obligation to the community and its young people. (“Cathy” n. d. para. 4) Today Chick-fil-A is one of the most popular fast food restaurants, and the principles of the founder are not simply acknowledged, but rather it seams endeared by the employees and the patrons of the restaurant.

Truett Cathy built his life and business based on hard work, humility and biblical principles. Based on these principles, all of Chick-fil-A’s restaurants operate with a ‘closed on Sunday’ policy, without exception (“Cathy. n. d. para. 8) Mr. Cathy adopted this principle at the risk of company profits, but Mr. Cathy wanted to set an example for his employees that family comes before profits.

Interestingly enough one of Mr. Cathy’s favorite quotes comes from the book of Proverbs, which says, “A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor rather than silver and gold”. Mr. Cathy’s passion for young people has translated significantly to corporate Chick-fil-A, which has now given more than $25 million in scholarships to its employees since 1973. Truett Cathy is one of the most decorated philanthropists in America today. S. Truett Cathy: Reasons for Admiration Growing up in central Pennsylvania in the 90’s did not provide a personal opportunity to see the impact of the Chick-fil-A franchise, but after moving to Lynchburg, VA it was quickly noticed that the food chain was uniquely different than its competitors in the burger industry, excluding the obvious product selection. When visiting a chick-fil-A it would be noticed that the workforce seems to have a joy about their work… trained to use the phrase, “it’s my pleasure to serve you” the employees not only make you feel welcome, but rather to make your dining experience a great time. Every Chick-fil-A restaurant personally visited has provided a wait staff in the dining area with a friendly smile asking if they may take your trash for you, or even refill the coffee you purchased while taking exact instructions to how you would like your drink prepared. Where did this come from? Is this just a clever ploy by management, or is the principle of being a servant to others being engrained into the culture of the restaurant by its founder? The answer lies in Truett Cathy’s Five-step recipe for success: 1. Climb with Care and Confidence 2. Create a “Loyalty Effect” 3. Never Lose a Customer 4. Put Principles and People ahead of Profits 5. Closed on Sunday (“Cathy”. n. d. Five-step Recipe. ) When visiting Truett Cathy’s personal website you will see the principles in life for which he guards so dearly. As part of Mr. Cathy’s “Five-Step Recipe for Business” he is quoted as saying, “I have found that the most effective way of promoting my business didn’t cost me anything but a little kindness to my customers”. (S. Truett Cathy. n. d. ) As a visionary Mr. Cathy possesses all the traits of a great leader and entrepreneur, but the humanitarian side of this fine gentleman is stamped all over the business processes of his organization. Mr. Cathy’s personal sense of serving others alludes to what can be considered some of the most important character traits desired in leadership. One of the first traits noticed of Mr. Cathy is a compelling sense of modesty and humility.

Reasons as to why modesty/humility are important in leadership is supported by Jim Collins (2001), author of the book “Good to Great”, who submits that many of the best CEO’s in American business operate their companies with an extraordinary sense of humility and modesty. Collins (2001) would argue that humility creates a sense of approachability for those who are following, and allows for open, creative discussion about business processes and ideas. Protecting the vision and name of Chick-fil-A is evident by Mr. Cathy’s business practices, writings and observable character. It is easily understood by corporate practices that Truett Cathy values high ethical and moral standards. The importance of these traits are important not only in creating a trust within a leadership team, but as a key determinant of protecting business interests against corruption and ultimate business failure. Maguad and Krone (2009) would concur with this belief when they wrote, “the moral leader is more than a person who is conditioned to follow rules or policies.

Moral leadership is what one is, as opposed to what one does. ‘What one is’ flows directly from the values he or she possesses” (p. 09) Finally, of all the traits that Mr. Cathy possesses… selflessness seems to be one of the most important to him. Recorded in Mr. Cathy’s five-step recipe for business success he writes, I’d like to be remembered as one who kept my priorities in the right order. We live in a changing world, but we need to be reminded that the important things have not changed. I have always encouraged my restaurant operators and team members to give back to the local community. We should be about more than just selling chicken; we should be a part of our customer’s lives and the communities in which we serve. Selflessness is one of the most endearing personality traits that one can have. It creates an endearment to the one who possesses it and manifests itself though generosity, the willingness to put others needs in front of your own along with the willingness and joy to serve others. It’s a personal belief that the greatest leaders are those who are willing to serve. In relation to selflessness, Charles Goodyear once wrote, Life should not be estimated exclusively by the standard of dollars and cents. I am not disposed to complain that I have planted and others have gathered the fruits. A man has cause for regret only when he sows and no one reaps. (n. d) Charisma vs. Character In preparing for this research paper, the initial leader of choice with regards to inspiration was to be Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric. Even as popular and admirable that Mr. Welch may be, there were many studies of his leadership traits which pointed out that his strengths in leadership were that of charisma and not those of character. Jack Welch took General Electric (GE) to profit heights it had not seen before, but his leadership many times took the approach that people were expendable much sooner than corporate profits. As a result Jack Welch was perceived by many to not care about what happened to individuals around him so as long as corporate goals were being met. In a study by Sankar (2003), which studied the difference between charisma and character, the author states that charisma, Focuses on personality attributes such as dynamism, style, image, inspiration, symbolic behaviors, impression management, emotional intelligence, extroverted style, self-confidence, etc… but that charismatic leadership may occasionally be more personalized in nature where the leader is self-serving, self-aggrandizing, and exploitative of others. p. 46) Mr. Welch was certainly one of the greatest CEO’s in American history, but it could be debatable that his leadership skills were more of charisma than of character.

This begs the question as to whether he should be admired as a great leader if business outcomes were more important that those who served at GE. Character, in contrast to charisma, is viewed by Sankar (2003) as a leader’s moral center which influences his/her vision, goals, self-concept, work ethic, attitude, etc. p. 48) Sankar (2003) spends a great deal of time in his research pointing out the significance of integrity with relation to those who have high character. (p. 48) Sankar (2003) defines integrity as a “state of soundness of and adherence to moral principle” (p. 48). Mr. Sankar (2003) when speaking to the importance of character and its role in business leadership states, The leader plays a critical role in the propagation of an ethical culture within his/her organization. In view of ethical-moral crisis in many occupations it can be deduced that this crisis is indicative of the absence of moral leadership in these organizations… The leader’s character is a strategic source of power for infusing the culture of his/her organization with a code of ethics, moral vision, imagination, and courage. Leadership excellence cannot be evaluated without an assessment of the leader’s character. (Sankar, 2003, p. 55) With regards to Truett Cathy and his qualities as a leader, he can be admired for many leadership traits such as being confident, inspiring, a great motivator and recruiter… however Mr. Cathy seems by all accounts to be a man of great integrity and character which can be argued to far outweigh all other personality traits. Truett Cathy understands the value of “worthy leadership” which is defined by Thompson, Grahek, Phillips and Fay (2008) as having, “the ability to guide, direct or influence people in a way that has great merit, character and value” (p. 366). In relation to personal leadership, a detailed study of the life of Mr. Cathy will inspire me to keep life and leadership in perspective. It will be a personal goal in all levels of leadership to truly put principles and people ahead of profits. Regardless of profits and performance, this will provide a sense of accomplishment at the end of life that will far outweigh short-term gains at the cost of others. Clark M, Payne R. Character-Based Determinants of Trust in Leaders. Risk Analysis: An International Journal [serial online]. October 2006;26(5):1161-1173. Available from: Business Source Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed August 3, 2010. References: Collins, J. C. (2001). Good to great: Why some companies make the leap–and others don’t. New York, NY: HarperBusiness.

Kathy, S. Truett. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://www. ruettcathy. com/default. asp Maguad, B. , & Krone, R. (2009). Ethics and moral leadership: Quality linkages. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 20(2), 209-222. doi:10. 1080/14783360802623043. Maguad, B. , & Krone, R. (2009). Ethics and moral leadership: Quality linkages.

Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 20(2), 209-222. doi:10. 1080/14783360802623043. Maxwell, John C. (2002). The 17 Essential Qualities of a Team Player. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. Maxwell, John C. (2002). Leadership 101. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. 2009) Organizational behavior, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN: 9780136007173 Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2009) Organizational behavior, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN: 9780136007173 Sankar, Y. (2003). Character not charisma is the critical measure of leadership excellence. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 45-55. doi:10. 1177/107179190300900404. Thompson, A. , Grahek, M. , Phillips, R. , & Fay, C. (2008). The search for worthy leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 60(4), 366-382. doi:10. 1037/1065-9293. 60. 4. 366.

Did you like this example?

S. Truett Cathy: Character in Leadership. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

What is Good Art

September 3, 2010 ARTH 300 Good and Bad Art While many people disagree about the aspects of good versus bad art, famous art historians and critics agree that good art is classified very simply, if the viewer experiences a strong emotion, whether it is positive or negative, it can be considered good art. To really appreciate good art it should draw the viewer in. Art in and of itself is very subjective. People in today’s society are sometimes afraid to express their own opinion of good and bad art in fear of being criticized. The truth is that good merely means “I like” and bad means “I dislike. The art world requires the concepts of subjective good and bad, because that is what drives the desire for improvement and the hard work that goes into it. Without judgments, we would be surrounded by mediocrity,” writes artist Giff Constable. The definition of good or bad art has changed over the centuries.

Imagine showing sixteenth century artists, the painting by Sarah Irani titled Mama and Babe. This painting would have appalled them with its grotesque lines and very unrealistic facial coloring, but in today’s society it can, and is, considered so bad it’s good. In earlier times when the mass majority of people could neither read nor write, art was used to document historical facts, occurrences, or to send an unwritten message. If we take a look at the painting of Queen Elizabeth I, titled Rainbow Portrait, the artist was subtly tying to send a message to the Queen. When looked upon by a casual viewer this portrait is very well done and quite beautiful, but to a trained eye a message is clearly visible. Often when we look at a piece of art, we associate it with the artist. For instance, when you look at the Mona Lisa most times you will think or say “that’s a Da Vinci,” because you subscribe to the adage that the artist and the work are one. We focus on the artist, the age of the painting and its value and often times stop there. Works of art completed by the masters are generally considered good because they are pleasing to the greater majority of viewers. Good art needs structure and all the other elements such as form, line, shape, color, texture and value. Form is the three-dimensional element of art that encloses volume. Line refers to the continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. It may be two dimensional, like a pencil mark on a paper or it may be three dimensional or implied often it is an outline. Shape is an enclosed space defined by other elements of art.

Shapes may take on the appearance of two or three-D objects. Color is an element of art with three properties, hue (the name of the color), intensity, or the purity and strength of the color such as the brightness or dullness. Value describes the lightness or darkness of a color, value is needed to express volume. Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel" of an object, such as roughness, smoothness, or softness. Actual texture can be felt while simulated textures are implied by the way the artist renders areas of the picture. Space refers to the distance or area between, around, above or within things. Besides these essential elements, art also needs that certain something that makes it powerful. Art should evoke feelings in the viewer; these feelings will be different from person to person depending greatly on the life experiences of that individual, take for example, the painting by Leonardo da Vinci the Last Supper. If all the religious connotations were removed from the Last Supper it is still a strikingly well done and powerful painting. Atheists and Christians will get a totally different sensation from viewing the Last Supper. Once we start talking about the audience Art becomes very subjective. You will most likely find that your friends are drawn to the same type and style of art as yourself. Then you may find that some art appeals to your age group, some to your culture and some to almost all humans. Art has the ability to transcend generations; True masterpieces stand the test of time and more about the painting can be revealed as science and technology gives us the ability to see what was on the original canvas. To be able to look at the artists first draft gives the painting new meaning. We can then ponder the question as to why the artists change the painting. Was it that the artist did not like it or that the individual who commissioned the painting wanted it changed? All of these things are tied to the creation of art and can make it very intriguing. A lot of philosophers have had a hard time believing it was possible for there to be objective standards for art. It seemed obvious that good art was defined by the individual viewing it, not something that was a property of the art. It is therefore subjective rather than objective. But if you narrow the definition of beauty to something that works a certain way on humans, and you observe how much humans have in common, it turns out to be a property of the art after all. You don't have to choose between something being a property of the individual or the art if subjects all react similarly.

This can be very misleading though; artists use a variety of methods to deceive the viewer. The shading or color used in a specific area of the painting can be used to distract you from the otherwise boring or uninteresting part of work. Color is widely used to fool people. If we consider today’s modern art with all of its vibrant color and focus only on the use and placement of that color we miss out on the truly simple, and quite frankly boring, aspect of the painting as a whole. We can also be tricked into liking some works of art by its popularity. When works of art are constantly reproduced and put on display we tend to think that the majority believes they are good as well. Why else would someone reproduce an artwork if they did not believe it to be good or visually stimulating? If we see these images often enough or read many enthusiastic reviews about the art we can be swayed by our desire to see in the image what others must see. Humans in general are very social and we tend to follow the norms and folkways of society. There is such a thing as good and bad art. Good art is that which interests its human audience, and bad art is that which doesn’t. Since humans have a lot in common, what interests them is not random.

Citations

Boddy-Evans, Marion. "More Opinions on What Makes a Painting Good or Bad. " About. com
Painting -- Learn How to Paint, Painting Tips, Creativity. New York Times Company, 2010. Web. 06 Sept. 2010. <https://painting. about. com/>.
Graham, Paul. "How Art Can Be Good. " Paul Graham. Dec. 2006. Web. 06 Sept. 2010. <https://www. paulgraham. com/articles. html>. "The Question of Good versus Bad Art. " Artists on Art Constable. net Home.
Giff Constable, 26 Jan. 2001. Web. 06 Sept. 2010. <https://www. constable. net/>.

Did you like this example?

What Is Good Art. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

The Best Sandwich Ever

The first sandwich was made in 1st Century B. C. by the famous rabbi, Hillel the Elder, during Passover.

The sandwich was a remembrance of the Jews’ suffering before their deliverance from Egypt.

This wonderful sandwich consisted of a mixture of chopped nuts, apples, spices and wine on two matzos, and was to be eaten with bitter herbs. Although the rabbi’s sandwich may not seem appetizing to the tastes buds of todays greater community we are grateful for his idea because now we have the creations every little kid holds in his/her lunch box today.

The sandwich world has evolved into sandwiches as simple as the favored bologna sandwich to ones as complicated as the sandwich I like to call the SASS or the Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich. Sandwiches are filled with millions of flavors, and have different textures that make it the most popular item in a lunch boxes all over the world. The most important part of the sandwich dining experience is the fillers of the sandwich, starting with the meat.

In the Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich there is one main meat that controls the rest of flavors, this meat is called salami. Not just any type of salami though, the salami in this sandwich has to be spicy and colorful.

This salami is filled with peppers of all different types.

Pepper is something that you have to be veracious with, too much and it’ll over power the sandwich, not enough then the meat will just be taking up space.

In addition to the pepper the salami has to have a slightly pungent taste of garlic and salt. Garlic and salt will balance the flavor of the pepper and allow for one to explore new taste buds.

The garlic and salt allow for a tangy contrast to the pepper making just these few layers of meat make your mouth water.

In addition the taste of the salami the look of it is very important. Each seasoning has a different look and allows the meat to become a rainbow or color and flavor.

The meat itself should be a red-orange color with black and white spots. These spots are where each entire piece of flavor is kept. In addition to meat there has to be veggies in this sandwich to add color and crunch.

The Super Supreme has two very important veggies, shredded lettuce and ripe red tomatoes.

Lettuce in this sandwich has to be freshly washed with still a little bit of water on it to contain the pristine taste. This lettuce is of a mellow, hardy, green texture. The heirloom tomatoes are vibrantly red with juicy seeds and firm skin. The color combination of the Italian salami, the hardy lettuce and the red heirloom tomatoes bring an aesthetic and redolence to this experience.

The next important part of this sandwich is the condiments that add a zing of flavor and serve as an accoutrement to the palate of the diner. Many would slather on a mayonnaise but here an aioli is lightly applied to the bottom exterior casing of this sandwich.

Typically an aioli is a mixture of mayonnaise and garlic but accompanied with French’s Mustard the combination provides color, moisture and flavor.

Too completely accessories the Super Supreme there must be a melody of complimenting herbs and fruits. Olives, yellow bell pepper, rosemary, thyme, basil, marjoram, and oregano each finely chopped and drizzled throughout the sandwich allow for an intellectual taste of Italy. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich casing gives off the first impression and holds together a tantalizing dining experience.

A sourdough loaf is chosen as it will provide a sturdy and stable coat for the Super Supreme. When selecting a loaf one must use all of the senses but one to test the freshness of the bread; the sense of touch to check firmness of the bread, the sense of smell to acquire the aroma of a virgin loaf, the sense of sight to view any imperfections and the sense of hearing to survey for a robust crunch.

Once one is tempted to use the sense of taste, the correct loaf has been selected.

Note that this loaf is cut into slices offering an open face three by five canvas that has been toasted to perfection.

A perfectly toasted loaf is found when the bread is browned with slightly darker columns seen, or grill marks. The crust that has now become crunchy and darkened will compliment the inner bread’s light crisp and browning. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich is a sandwich of many layers and pieces such as that of an outfit of a sophisticated lady.

She always has her coat and purse, the bread. Her coat is what keeps her warm and safe, while the purse is where everything is held that she may need throughout the day. The bread holds everything together, keeps it warm, safe and easy to carry.

Also a lady looks put together, her outfit is always clean and color coordinated, the meat. The outfit is always appropriate for the occasion never over or underdressed and ready for anything.

The meat put inside a sandwich should never over power the rest of the ingredients inside but still be the main aspect of the meal.

In addition she always has her accessories, the condiments. The accessories are where her true colors are shown and the entire outfit is matched together.

Condiments are like accessories because they complete a sandwich, without them it would just be incomplete. The smear that is applied is like the shoes, something absolutely necessary and if carefully chosen can define a sandwich.

Fruits and veggies are like the earrings, something a lady should never leave home without. The different flavors of the sandwich made by rabbi Hillel the Elder has evolved just as the attire of a lady.

With every century the variety of flavors and textures expands allowing for each generation to venture out and have a creation of their own. The Super Awesome Supreme Sandwich is a prime example.

Did you like this example?

The Best Sandwich Ever. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

A Sound of the Thunder

The Intersting Essay “A Sound of The Thunder” is a short story written by Ray Bradbury. This is a story that sets place in the near future where time travel is possible. His story has a lot of adventure, fearful, and mysterious things that could entertain you to read this story. One thing though is that everything changes forever because something in the story that Ray Bradbury puts in is that if you go back on the past or future never change anything even if it’s a small thing because not only that would change but the whole world would. This story was mostly how the future technology works and how we can go anywhere basically. The problem with this is that one of the hunters named Mr. Eckels become scared and turns back and steps off the path, which they cannot break this one rule or else they will face the consequences when they arrive home. Well before all this really happens they first start talking about the presidential election and who might win for sure. A Sound of Thunder” is a somewhat suspenseful story because you’re not sure what is going to happen and you don’t know if things will be the same when they come back to the future from the past. This is the act that changed the whole story of what happened when he changes one thing in the past where he and his partner go kill T- Rex. When both of the hunters arrive home, Eckels notices something out that the sign for the program that takes you back in time has changed very differently. As in every word is spelled wrong. And the look that Eckels had wasn’t very pleasing, These hunters are going on a safari hunt that the government approved of to kill a T-Rex. He has now found out that he stepped on a butterfly and changed the phonics for the United States of America and also their president that they thought was going to win well guess what he didn’t win. The hunting expedition that took place in the dinosaurs time or as I can say Jurassic times it resulted that the whole world changed. But not only that everything in it to. So as you noticed when you go back in time is never good to change anything because it well likely change very bad. And what the author was explaining you is that if there is a time machine in the future yeah you can go back but make sure that there’s always rules in life and one of them is that you can change any of the past in you’re life. Secondly is that we all have are good things in life and bad things in life. So what this story carries to is like a future thing we expect in our life.

Did you like this example?

A Sound of the Thunder. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning

Andragogy and Self Directed Learning March 10, 2008 Adult Education and Learning: Principles and Practice Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning: Pillars of Adult Learning Theory Candy's written statement (1991, p. 309) which reads “since a learner's autonomy is likely to vary from situation to situation, educators should not assume that because a person has been self-directed in one situation, he or she will be able to succeed in a new area: Orientation, support and guidance may all be required in the first stages of a learning project”, was a highlight for me. As I read through this article it seems as though to much emphasis was being placed on who was right and who was wrong about their theory. In all actuality theories are evolutionary just as learners in adult education are; therefore, all of the theories were probably applicable during the time in which it was established, for the most part. Now Candy comes along and writes this statement in which I agree with, wholeheartedly. I do so, because I can think of instances were I prefer to be a self-directed learned, but thats only when I want to know something miscellaneous; however, primarily, by nature, I am a dependent learner with a concrete sequential learning style. I need explicit directions before feeling comfortable with going forth with a task. To me self-directed learning puts me in the mindset of on line courses, in which, I would never subject myself to, unless it was absolutely necessary. I need the teacher directed, concrete experience of being in a classroom and learning from discussion, feedback and interpretation, something that I just do not feel I would get from and on line course per se. Insight for me is the mere fact that the methodology behind teaching adult learners is so widely debated. I never actually took the time to think about how someone should educate me as an adult. However, now that I am an adult learner, I am extremely thankful that someone did take the time to develop theories on how adult learner should learn. And I am even more elated because they are all closely knit which gives me confidence in the fact that the general picture is effective. I feel challenged to keep up with the latest research on theories behind adult education to see if modern day theorist are relating their theories to the “fathers and grandfathers” of adult education. As I venture out into the world as an adult educator, I will incorporate different practices and theories and note which ones were most effective and for what type of learner. Bibliography Candy, P. C. Self-Direction for Lifelong Learning. San Fransico:Josey-Bass, 1991 Merriam, S. B. (2001) Andragogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 89,3-13.

Did you like this example?

Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Canyon Ranch Institute

The Canyon Ranch Institute (CRI) Board of Directors is the governing body for the organization, and as such establishes policy. Board members make prudent, educated, and independent decisions and place the organization above their personal preferences. Members Board President: Richard H. Carmona, M. D. , M. P. H. , FACS Board Vice President: Enid Zuckerman Board Treasurer: Jerry Cohen Board Member: Mel Zuckerman Board Member: Jennifer Cabe, M. A. A successful approach to healthy living came into existence when Canyon Ranch founders Mel and Enid Zuckerman opened Canyon Ranch Health Resort in Tucson, Arizona, in 1979. Their dream was to create an environment devoted to living younger longer. Since that time, Canyon Ranch has become the premier life enhancement company in the world, renowned for its medical, nutrition, exercise physiology, and behavioral health staff as well as movement therapists, fitness experts, and other holistic health specialists. What has emerged is the Canyon Ranch model of optimal wellness that helps people make a long-lasting personal and emotional connection to wellness. This model uses an integrated, individualized approach to wellness and teaches self-responsibility as a means of prevention. The Zuckermans' commitment extends far beyond the guests of Canyon Ranch. Recognizing that wellness is an integral part of living, they have supported numerous research and demonstration projects dedicated to expanding the health consciousness of people of all ages and from all walks of life and cultural backgrounds. Just a few examples: Canyon Ranch Institute (CRI): Canyon Ranch Institute, while wholly independent of Canyon Ranch, also works with communities and organizations to help people establish wellness patterns that can last a lifetime. Organized as a 501(c)3 non-profit organization in 2002, CRI catalyzes the possibility of optimal health for all people by translating the best practices of Canyon Ranch and CRI's partners to help educate, inspire, and empower every person to prevent disease and embrace a life of wellness. Community Scholarship Programs: Canyon Ranch has always been committed to giving back to the communities where its properties are located. In Tucson and Lenox, Canyon Ranch offers the opportunity for scholarships for a Canyon Ranch stay. During their visit, scholarship guests can address lifestyle issues and learn to make healthy changes. Over 2,500 people have received scholarships to experience Canyon Ranch. Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health at the University of Arizona: In the two decades after opening Canyon Ranch in Tucson in 1979, the Zuckermans developed strong ties with the University of Arizona, starting with support and collaborations with the Departments of Exercise, Physiology and Nutritional Sciences and gradually moving into a relationship with the Arizona Health Sciences Center (AHSC). Enid and Mel also participate on community advisory boards for the Arizona College of Public Health, the Arizona Arthritis Center, the UA Sarver Heart Center, the Arizona Cancer Center, and the Program in Integrative Medicine. Established by the Arizona Board of Regents in January 2000, the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health is the first public health college in the four corner states and represents a tri-university collaborative effort among the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The College of Public Health's mission is to promote the health of individuals and communities with a special emphasis on diverse populations and the Southwest. Programs concentrate on reducing health disparities, developing and maintaining healthy communities, and promoting healthy lifestyles. All of these community activities and philanthropic efforts are intended to expand what Canyon Ranch and its founders, and now the Board of Directors of CRI, have learned over nearly three decades of serving people of nearly all ages and backgrounds

Did you like this example?

Canyon Ranch Institute. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

“The most Dangerous Game” Summary

At the start of the story, Sanger Rainsford is sailing south to hunt jaguars in the Amazon with a fellow hunter named Whitney. Rainsford is presented as heartless hunter, unconcerned about the life or feelings of his prey. In the middle of the night, Rainsford accidentally falls over the side of the yacht, but saves himself by swimming to the rocky shore of Ship-Trap Island. He discovers a large manor on a cliff. He knocks at the door and is welcomed by General Zaroff, a man of noble Cossack heritage who apparently lives on the island alone with his servant, a deaf-mute named Ivan. Zaroff explains that he is the ultimate hunter; he recieved his first gun at the age of 5, and has traveled the world and hunted every possible game animal. Now he has become so good at it that he's bored with his beloved pastime. After reaveling that he had to create a "new animal", he indirectly states that he hunts men. He stocks his prey by tricking ships into wrecking near his island with misleading navigation lights. When the surviving crew swim to his shores, he offers them a choice: they can be murdered by Ivan or choose to be hunted on the island by Zaroff. If they survive three days, he promises to set them free. Rainsford, who is immediately against the idea of hunting humans, tries to convince General Zaroff that hunting humans makes him a murder, not a hunter. This, of course, doesn't work and Zaroff offers Rainsford the choice: become prey, or die. Rainsford must set out to survive his three days as a game animal with only a sack of food and a knife. The conclusion of the story focuses on what happens when these two skilled hunters finally match wits.

Did you like this example?

"The Most Dangerous Game" Summary. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Juvenile Delinquent Definition Essay

Definiton essay: Juvenile delinquent Definition Essay: Juvenile Delinquent English Composition 1 Kelley Jones September 5th 2010 Abstract This paper is a definition essay that defines the term juvenile delinquent. Juvenile delinquent is a person under the legal age that breaks the law. This essay will give the reader in depth information about the term juvenile delinquent. Juvenile Delinquent Juvenile delinquency is a term that basically means a person under the age of legality that commits that act of breaking the law. In many courts the punishment for committing a crime whilst under the age of 18 doesn’t seem like a big deal. Juvenile delinquency doesn’t seem that bad. Back in the good old days when America was still a little baby, juveniles were treated the same as everyone else. You commit the crime, you do the time. This went on till the early 1900’s when juveniles were giving their own system. Some people in this era believed that when someone committed a crime it was because of the environment or forces around them rather than their own personal choice. This means that people were not really morally responsible for crimes people committed. The system was all about reforming the juvenile rather than punishing them for the crime that he/she committed. Therefore, the wrongdoer was rehabilitated rather than being punished. The courts, when dealing with a juvenile delinquent, would ask themselves, “What is in the best interest of the child”. A juvenile needed to be adjudicated delinquent. Prosecutors would file a petition for delinquency; an official reviews it and then schedules a hearing. Being under legal age, he/she has no right to a jury trial. If the court finds that the petition is in the right manner then the court will judge the juvenile delinquent. After this was finished the juvenile would then be assessed and given their rehabilitation measures. This system was all grand until the 1970’s, when juveniles started gaining in numbers. They were committing crimes such as murder and other forms of serious violence. This changed the views of many people and they started to turn against the courts, saying that they were sending the wrong message their children. They were not delinquents but rather criminals. It seems reasonable. After committing crimes and being told that what you did was wrong now go back into the world and try again simply told the juveniles that nothing bad was going to come of the crimes they committed. People began saying that retribution rather than rehabilitation was the way to go. Nowadays, it seems like the rules are enforced more and the punishments are becoming more severe. They even go so far as to charge some delinquents as adults, depending on the crime they committed. Juvenile delinquency used to be a system that babied the ill mannered children of America. As time went on and the worse it got people began to get fed up. Now the rules are enforced more and punishments are becoming harsher. Thanks to the newer juvenile delinquent system children are no longer getting the wrong message about the crimes they commit. Delinquent (2002). In World of Criminal Justice, Gale. Retrieved from https://www. credoreference. com/entry/worldcrims/delinquent

Did you like this example?

Juvenile Delinquent Definition Essay. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

The Benefits of Physical Activity for Physical & Mental Health

Physical exercise is a very important part of our lives. Everyone should be physically active at least 5 days a week for an hour. There are so many benefits you receive from even the simplest physical activities.

There are physical benefits as well as mental benefits to exercising. The reason why everyone should be physically active is because America’s the fattest country. Obesity and being overweight is becoming more and more of a problem. If we don’t start fighting this problem then it will overtake us and it will eat away our population. It is said that obesity is the “new” tobacco.

All we need is a little inspiration and time.

One of the many physical benefits you get from being physically active is that you’ll feel so much better about yourself. Your confidence will go up and you’ll want to show off your new body.

You’ll also be stronger so when you climb all the way to the 3rd floor from the 1st floor, you won’t be out of breath. The more you exercise, the more likely you are to do it regularly. You don’t have to attend a gym to be physically active. You can go for an hour power walk around the neighborhood and you’ll burn tons of calories.

By being physically active, you are benefiting your mental health because if you don’t exercise, you will mentally put yourself down.

Most people would feel happier if they were healthier and it all comes from how you mentally feel. Exercising isn’t about how strong or weak you are, it’s about how much you can mentally push yourself. If you tell yourself you can do it, you’ll most likely accomplish your goal. Be mentally positive.

Did you like this example?

The Benefits of Physical Activity for Physical & Mental Health. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Roly Poly Lab

Pillbug “Roly-Poly” Behavior LaB ? Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to observe the behavior of the Armadillium vulgare (roly- poly bug), as well as hypothesize whether it will be attracted to, repelled by, or unresponsive to certain substances. Methods 1. Observing the pillbug: examine the pillbug’s shell and body, shell shape, color, texture, number of legs, number of antennae, motion, speed, and sex after close examination. 2. Formulate hypotheses: choose substances (powders and liquids) and suggest whether the pillbug will be attracted to, repelled by, or unresponsive to each substance. . Perform an experiment: using a control, test the pillbug’s reaction to the substances 4. Compare with classmates: determine whether classmates had similar results when testing the same substance. Data Collected ? The pill bugs have 7 pairs of legs with 14 overlapping plates. Oval-shaped like a “pill”. One pair of antennae. Black with lighter spots. The pillbugs climb over each other. The male pillbugs are bigger and darker 3 female pillbugs. Male plays dead on his back when tampered with. The pillbugs roll into a ball for safety. Uropods at the end of abdomen. Legs move in a quick wave-like motion. ?? ? 1. As the pillbug moves around in the beaker, the movement of the legs is very quick and fluid; similar to that of a “wave”. 2. To protect itself from predators, the pillbug rolls itself into an armored ball. Similarly, the pillbug uses its hard exoskeleton as a way to protect itself from the elements. Their long antennae allow for them to locate food and their shorter legs in the front help to bring the closer food to their mouths. Lastly, the pillbug’s multiple legs allows for it to interact with the environment. 3. When allowed to crawl on my hand, the pillbug moved quickly in a zig-zag motion. I could feel the pillbug as it made it’s way up my arm. After close examination, I later discovered that the pillbug was able to cling to my skin because of it’s hook-like tips on it’s legs. 4. When the beaker is slightly tilted, the pillbugs prefer to move forward toward the top of the beaker. Next, we measured the speed and distance of each pillbug. The results can be seen in the table below. The next step was to formulate hypotheses about the pillbug’s reaction to common powders and liquids. The next part of the lab was to then test the pillbug’s reaction to the chosen substances and determine whether or not the hypotheses in Table 1. 3 were supported in this experiment. The control in this experiment was water. The final procedure in the lab was to compare our results with the results of our classmates who tested the same substances. The results can be seen below in Table 1. 5. ? Key: + = towards; - = repelled ; 0 = no reaction Summary/Conclusions This experiment demonstrates that pillbugs prefer a wet environment to a dry one. Through our data, we have concluded that our hypothesis, “if the pillbug is exposed to water, then it will be responsive and move toward it” , is correct. Even so, we also hypothesized that, “if the pillbug is exposed to milk, then it will be responsive and move toward it”; this, however, was proven incorrect after we performed the experiment. On the other hand, several other groups also tested the pillbug’s reaction to milk and found that the pillbug moves toward it. To better improve this experiment, we would make sure that there is no trace of water in the path of the pillbugs when we test the other substances. Factors that could have possibly altered the results in the experiment would be the age and gender of the pillbugs. PILLBUG “ROLY-POLY” LAB REVIEW QUESTIONS: A theory is more comprehensive than a conclusion. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of observed phenomena. Data is the information scientists collect while doing experiments and making observations. After experiments and observations comes the conclusion. A control is a sample that foes through all the steps of an experiment and does not contain the factor being tested. Yes, data can prove a hypothesis to be true. Conclusion Scientific Theory A pillbug has 14 body divisions If a pillbug curls into a ball, it can be concluded that it feels threatened. Pillbugs that back away from a substance are repelled by the substance. THOUGHT QUESTIONS: 1. A scientific theory is a concept that ties together many varied conclusions into a generalized statement. 2. It is important to use one substance at a time when testing a pillbug’s reaction because in this experiment we are trying to determine whether or not the pillbug is repelled by, attracted to, or unresponsive to a specific substance. If you use more than one substance at a time, it will not determine whether the pillbug is attracted to, repelled by, or unresponsive to a substance, especially if the pillbug is already headed towards the direction of a substance. 3. No, the scientific method cannot explain all observations. In order for the scientific method to explain all observations, it must be able to answer a question about something that can be measured. The question: Do pillbugs have a color preference ? cannot be tested by the scientific method. METRIC MEASUREMENTS & MICROSCOPY REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1. 11 mm equals 1. 1 cm 2. 50 mm equals 0. 95 m 3. 2. 1 liters equals 2100 ml 4. 122°F equals 50° C 5. 4. 100 mg equals 0. 0041 g THOUGHT QUESTIONS: 19. Locating an object is more difficult if you start with the high-power objective rather than the low-power because the high-power objective is used to get a closer study of an object/specimen, whereas the low-power objective is used to quickly scan and LOCATE something smaller in a large area. 20. The advantages that the metric system provides over the English units of measure is that all conversions, whether for volume, mass(weight), or length, can be in units of ten. 21. Scanning power objective allows you to observe the greatest number of cells within the field of view. Natural State Rolled into a Ball Observation: Pillbug’s External Anatomy Observation: Pillbug’s Motion Table 1. 2 Pillbug Speed Pillbug Millimeters Traveled Time(sec) Average Speed(mm/sec) 1. 11. 1 mm 10 1. 11 mm/sec 2. 60 mm 10 6 mm/sec 3. 00 mm 10 20 mm/sec 4. 40 mm 10 4 mm/sec Table 1. 3 Hypotheses About Pillbug’s Reaction to Common Powders and Liquids Hypothesis About How Pillbug Substance Tested Will Respond to Substance Reasoning for Hypothesis 1. Milk If the pillbug is exposed to milk, then it will be responsive and move toward it. Moist 2. Water If the pillbug is exposed to water, then it will be responsive and move toward it. Moist 3. Sugar If the pillbug is exposed to sugar, then it will be unresponsive and move away from it. Dry 4. Flour If the pillbug is exposed to flour then it will be unresponsive and move away from it Dry Table 1. 4 Pillbug’s Reaction to Common Substances Substance Tested Pillbug’s Reaction Hypothesis Supported? 1. Milk Unresponsive NO 2. Water Responsive YES 3. Sugar Unresponsive YES 4. Flour Unresponsive YES Table 1. 5 Class Results

Did you like this example?

Roly Poly Lab. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Justify the Means

Does “the end justify the means”? Does “The end Justify the means”. In the movie, Mississippi Burning, the end justifies the means in a way because when you think about it most of the time there are certain limitations to getting what you want. In the movie the only way to get the Ku Klux Klan to confess and give each other to the police was to trick them and make them think that the Ku Klux Klan was after them. In other occasions around the world at the time it was not always necessary to hurt or kill people just to get what you want. Even though it was not necessary people still did it even though they did not have to (they wanted to). In the Mississippi burning the white people might have thought they had a right to hurt/kill Negro people just because they were scared of them and thought they were better then them. That is still no good reason. Proof of the white people hurt the Negroes and damaging their land, crops, and livestock is at the beginning of the movie as the credits where going across the screen there was a Negro church burning in the background. Throughout the movie we see that the “White Knights” are burning down Negro’s homes and barns along with the livestock inside them. All this evidence shows the brutality in Mississippi at that time. There was no reason to kill the three young activists. Especially not the reason that the Ku Klux Klan had (one man was a Negro). Even though the Ku Klux Klan did not have a good reason to do what they did the Federal Bureau of Investigation should still not have done what they did. The end was right but the means were wrong. The Federal Bureau of Investigation should have done what they had been doing but they should have tried a little harder to find someone that would speak to them so they could get the rest of the names. They could have also done what they did and get the weakest link to tell just by interrogation rather than what they had did and scared him and his family so bad the he would do anything to not get harmed. What they did was smart but not needed; they could have found a way to do it a different way like offer to reduce jail time and give him protection. They should have stayed with the Federal Bureau of Investigation agent, Ward, tactics and ask around until they found someone who will talk or someone from the Ku Klux Klan that is worried about being arrested. If they had done that instead of fighting back then they would have not made a bad choice. Even though the Federal Bureau of Investigation agent Anderson’s idea to get them to talk was a good one that worked out fine it was still wrong to do that no matter how bad it was that they did. All in all, the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s entire entire end methods did work it was not done in a justice way.

Did you like this example?

Justify the Means. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

How to Make Puppy Chow?

How to Essay or Speech? How to make puppy chow? First you need a catchy introduction which you can provide! I will tell you body and conclusion. First you will need to make sure you have everything to make puppy chow! You will need peanut butter, chocolate chips, butter, crispex (or similar cereal) and of course powder sugar. Then you need to put 1 stick of butter, a cup of chocolate chips, and a cup of peanut butter into a small or medium sized bowl and melt it in the microwave. Around about two minutes is good but if it is still lumpy like then you want to put it in longer and when you take it out you need to stir it together so it is mixed very well together. Next you will need to find a large bowl and put in 9 cups of crispex or similar cereal. Then you will need to take that chocolate mixture that you melted in the microwave and pour it over the top of your crispex and then stir it to make sure that all the cereal is covered thoroughly and it all should be covered with the chocolate topping! Next you need to find a paper bag and put the chocolate covered cereal in it and pour over around 3 cups of powdered sugar and shake the bag to cover all the cereal with powdered sugar…you may need to add more powdered sugar depending on what you prefer. Conclusion: That is how you make puppy chow!

Did you like this example?

How to make puppy chow?. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Business Plan for Room for Dessert

Memo to: from: subject:Business Plan for Room For Dessert Date: [ 21. 09. 2010 ] In this memo I summarize my analysis of the business plan for Room for Dessert (RFD) and evaluate if the proposed venture represents a good investment opportunity. My analysis focuses on the fit between the people and the opportunity only. Successfully building a multi unit restaurant chain demands a team of people with considerable industry experience and execution skills. The people behind RFD have a deficiency in both. Also the business model lacks process innovation and is therefore easy to copy. The identified market could be attractive to some extent but it is unlikely that it will develop outside a niche. This increases uncertainty that the business will be able to perform as projected and therefore I would not recommend investing in it. The People When analyzing the venture I was evaluating if the team of people possesses the necessary skills, experience, contacts and attitude required to start up and operate the proposed business. An experienced group with a proven track record in the industry increases the likelihood of the venture’s success and thus minimizes the risk involved. 1) Skills and experience Kim and Paul are the two team members planning to launch the business; thus my focus is on their skills. Their CV’s indicate very strong analytical skills and a drive to take initiatives. They have also some experience in implementing their suggestions and in supervising/managing people. These kinds of skills and experiences will be helpful in launching RFD. However, neither of them has sufficient work experience in the restaurant industry. Paul’s background is in the insurance/finance sector and his experience at Celebration! Ice Cream cannot be regarded as sufficient for a restaurant start up. Kim’s background in TV production has nothing in common with running a restaurant operation. Also both are first time entrepreneurs with no experience in how to manage unexpected challenges. This lack of operational experience and knowledge raises the question of their ability to successfully operate and grow a restaurant. The success of the business thus heavily depends on the knowledge and skills of third party individuals, resulting in increased operating cost and risk. 2) Contacts Given the high dependability on third party knowledge I would expect the presentation of a full board of advisors with relevant industry experience and an identified set of key contributions each member is going to make to RFD in the business plan. However this point is insufficiently addressed by just providing the names and current job titles of four potential board members. Furthermore analyzing the proposed floor plan I noticed that the kitchen and the dessert prep station are not adjoined, which will lead to challenges in daily operations. An industry expert would have picked up this detail straight away, so I assume the plan has not yet been discussed in great detail with experts and, therefore, there is a risk of more substantial flaws in the plan. 3) Motivation The motivation of the team members to shift careers to become restaurant operators cannot be evaluated based on the information given. A great possibility to show their interest in foodservice would have been to do their summer internship at a restaurant chain. Both choose a corporate job in other industries instead. This raises doubt on their passion as well as their willingness to get their hands dirty on the shop floor if things are not going as well as projected. The Opportunity When analyzing the Opportunity I was evaluating the business idea itself in terms of market attractiveness and business model viability. Tapping into an unserved need of a growing market segment by operating a hard to copy business model increases the likelihood of the venture’s success and thus minimizes the risk involved. 4) Market The business plan provides some qualitative evidence that a “favorable environment for a dessert-focused restaurant” exists but it fails to quantify the size and growth potential for a fine dining option in this specific market segment. Forecasts for related product categories such as luxury chocolate in retailing would help in evaluating the potential market. The choice of the luxury segment in the market is thus justified by the intensifying competition in the quick-service and casual segments and not by market data suggesting a need for a luxury option. 5) Business Model The proposed business model has very attractive cash flow characteristics like the restaurant industry overall: suppliers usually invoice after the customers have paid, salaries are paid at the month’s end and product margins are high especially for beverages and desserts. It would have been beneficial to provide some food cost calculations based on the sample menu in order to show the reasonableness of the data provided in the plan. However the restaurant industry has very low entry barriers and concepts are easy to copy. People, customized service, quality, portioning and ambiance are given as key differentiators but none of them can be protected. Thus the business model lacks sustainable process innovation that would give it a considerable competitive advantage. There are also several opportunities for new revenue streams, the company could launch its own premium line of chocolates, truffles or ice creams with gourmet food retailers and they could sell a line of desserts or back recipe books. However the business plan mainly addresses the very obvious possibility of geographical expansion. ***** The above analysis only presents a brief summary of the main points I find critical in evaluating the proposed venture. A formal presentation of the plan by the team would allow further investigations; such a meeting would also allow gaining more insight into the context and proposed deal structure.

Did you like this example?

Business Plan for Room for Dessert. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Life of Vlad the Impaler

1431- Vlad Dracula is born –father Vlad Dracul (Vlad the dragon) real mother Cneajna 1435- Vlads younger brother Radu the Handsome 1436-Vlad becomes Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia 1442-Vlad Dracul and his sons Radu and Vlad Dracula visit Gallipoli to pay tribute to the Ottoman Sultan Murad. And seize them and Vlads older brother Mircea rules in his father’s absence. 1444- Vlad Dracul participates in an anti Turk crusade with John Hunyadi, the Hungarian and the sultan allows Vlad and Radu to live 447-Hunyadi forms an alliance with Vladislav 2nd (the Draculs enemies) Mircea is tortured and buried alive and Vlad Dracul is killed attempting to escape his capital city 1448-Murad releases Dracula and gives him the support he needs to rule Wallachia and rules for 2 months but then is forced to flee 1451-Sultan Murad dies and succeeded by Muhmed 1453- Mehmed's forces attack Constantinople bringing the Byzantine Empire to an end 1456- Hunyadi allows Dracula to come out of exile as his vassal. Fearing the sultan will attack Hungary next. By August 22 Dracula is again Prince of Wallachia. 1457-Dracula seized all the nobles who help in the death of his father and brother. He forced the strong to build castle Dracula, the weak he impaled his favorite method of torture giving him the name Vlad Tepes (Vlad the impaler). 14759- In his best known action Dracula sets up a table near the base of Timpu Hill and dines as he watches thousands of people impaled (tortured to death). He is said to have dipped his bread in the blood of his victims 1462- Sultan Mehmed and Radu the Handsome invade Wallachia with an army three times the size of Dracula's. On June 17 Vlad leads a raid that almost succeeds in killing the Sultan but when the sultan’s men chased Vlads raid they run into a psychological warfare surprise. Dracula has set up a forest of stakes on which he has impaled 20,000 prisoners. 1475- Radu dies of syphilis.

Did you like this example?

Life of Vlad the Impaler. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Sensory Deficit of Touch, its Pain and Acupuncture

Running Head: TOUCH, PAIN, ACUPUNCTURE Sensory Deficit of Touch, its Pain and Acupuncture Applied Learning Paper Debra A. Hankerson Abstract This writer will be exploring the topic, Is acupuncture an effective therapeutic treatment for the chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch? Touch will be explored; what it is, causes for deficit of touch, chronic pain associated with the deficit, and the effects of the deficit. Acupuncture will be defined; its historical background and society’s acceptance or rejection of its use. This writer will identify its relevance as an alternative medicine for chronic pain either supporting or detracting in answering the topic question. Evaluate whether the research findings helped to answer the topic question.

Concluding with what was learned; if it changed the perspective on the theory, did the writer’s Christian faith inform or bias the investigation, and does the theory fit within the Christian worldview. Introduction After reading about sensory deficits and acupuncture in the text book I began to wonder if new inroads had been made in the acupuncture therapeutic treatment as a long-term solution when dealing with pain and the deficit of touch. The focus of my paper being, “Is acupuncture an effective therapeutic treatment for the chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch? ” My interest this topic came about because I have this sensory deficit; have gone through acupuncture as a therapeutic treatment to relieve pain. I was also interested to find out if there have been new inroads with this treatment as far as a long-term relief. For me it was not successful. Touch Touch is the sense that enables an organism to get information about things that are in direct contact with its body. As one of the five senses, touch allows a person to feel heat, cold, pain, and pressure. “The sense of touch is the only sense experienced all over the body” (Landau, 2008). Touch has been called “the mother of senses”, perhaps because it was the first to develop in evolution.

Touch is the earliest sensory system to develop in all animal species. The term touch includes several tactile senses: pressure, pain, temperature, and all muscle movements. Bruno and Carnagie (2001) state, “Touch is a very important sense, since it tells an organism a great deal about its immediate environment. ” Bruno and Carnagie’s point is that touch is essential for our everyday well being.

Touch is described as a group of senses by which contact with objects gives evidence as to their qualities, as registered by the skin and mucous membranes. Barth (2010) says, “There are several kinds of touch organs, called tactile corpuscles, in the skin and the mucous membranes. The sense of touch is identified with the largest organ in the human body – the skin. The fingers are more sensitive than any other area because they have more nerve endings.

These changes help us to understand the causes. Causes of Touch Deficit The largest touch sensor, the Pacinian corpuscle, is located in the hypodermis, the innermost thick fatty layer of skin. This area responds to vibration. A disruption of the free nerve endings which are neutrons that originate in the spinal cord causes the transmission of information about temperature and pain to be somewhat non-existent (Strickland, 2001). This disruption is the result of injury, infection, and/or disease. With these significant changes, we need to understand just how touch deficit affects an individual. The Effects of Touch Deficit The loss or impairment of the ability to feel anything touched is called tactile anesthesia.

Paresthesia is a sensation of tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin that may result from nerve damage and may be permanent or temporary. Touch has widespread distribution, unlike the sensory receptors for sight, vision, smell, and taste which are clustered in the head (Angier, 2008). The disruption of the touch receptors heightens the pain receptors which are nerve bundles with bare endings that fire when surrounding tissue is damaged. This in turn causes the lessening of the feelings we identify with touch. The loss of these feelings may result in chronic pain due to the touch deficit.

Chronic Pain Associated with the Touch Deficit Chronic pain is pain that lasts longer than six months. According to Field (2003), “People with chronic pain become depressed due to the ineffectiveness of the drugs they are taking and the dramatic changes in lifestyle they experience. Basically, Field is saying that chronic pain can turn a person’s life upside down. Individuals with chronic pain seem to have low endorphin levels. Alternately, any related nerve deficit damage could be the reason for the consumed body supply of natural painkilling opiates and this would reduce the effectiveness of natural endorphins.

Most chronic pain disorders are unresponsive to surgical, pharmacological, or other medical interventions. The use of touch and pressure treatments (acupuncture, acupressure, massage therapy, etc. have proven to effective because they reduce anxiety levels, which tend to aggravate pain, and they also increase the productivity of necessary endorphins. We need to understand the components of pain and the psychological affects.

Components and Psychological Cost of Chronic Pain Pain is the result of a chain reaction that involves all parts of the nervous system, including the brain. Pain has four components: stimulus, perception, suffering, and pain behavior. Despite intense research, chronic pain is still poorly understood by the medical community. According to Chapman (2010), “Many pain specialists believe chronic pain occurs because of a breakdown in the normal system of checks and balances that keep the nervous system functioning properly. ” Chapman’s point is that there is a malfunction within the nervous system. People with chronic pain are deprived of the peace of mind that comes with knowing their pain will end.

Because peace of mind is important to the healing process, chronic pain can convert a person into an invalid. Psychological damage is often incurred with chronic pain, which can alter a sufferer’s personality. Sufferers withdraw from pleasurable activities, public outings and family, leaving often depressed, bitter, anxious, or helpless. These negative thoughts and feelings help create a vicious cycle of worsening pain and unhappiness. These symptoms are the basis for chronic pain syndrome. Chapman tells us, “Although there is no cure for chronic pain syndrome, people with this condition can take steps to help close the pain gates and reduce their psychological suffering” (2010). In other words, Chapman is saying that it’s up to the individual to take responsibility for how they regain normalcy in relation to their condition. Both the disease and illness can viewed as the complex interaction of biological, psychological and social factors.

Biopsychosocial Factors Disease can be defined as a biological event involving the disruption of specific body structures or organ systems caused by anatomical, pathological, or physiological changes. In contrast, illness may be a subjective experience that a disease is present. In Gatchel, Peng, Peters, Fuchs, & Turk ( 2007) view, “The distinction between disease and illness is analogous to the distinction that can be made between nociception and pain. Nociception involves the stimulation of nerves that convey information about potential tissue damage to the brain. In contrast, pain is the subjective perception that results from the transduction, transmission, and modulation of sensory information (p. 582). ” The psychosocial factors involve both emotion and cognition. Emotion is the more immediate reaction to nociception and is more midbrain based. Cognitions then attach meaning to the emotional experience and can then trigger additional emotional reactions and thereby amplify the experience of pain, thus perpetuating a vicious circle of nicoception, pain, distress, and disability. Acupuncture Acupunctureis a method of producing analgesia or altering the function of a system of the body by inserting fine, wire-thin needles into the skin on the body along a series of lines, or channels, called meridians. The needles are twirled or energized electrically or warmed.

Acupuncture originated in the Far East and has gained increasing attention in the West since the early 1970s. Historical Foundation of Acupuncture Acupuncture is generally held to have originated in China, being first mentioned in documents dating from a few hundred years leading up to the Common Era. Sharpened stones and bones that date from about 6000 BCE have been interpreted as instruments for acupuncture treatment , but they may simply have been used as surgical instruments for drawing blood or lancing abscesses . In her book, “Is Acupuncture Right for You? ”, Kidson maintains that “Documents discovered in the Ma-Wang-Dui tomb in China, which was sealed in 198 BCE, contain no reference to acupuncture as such, but do refer to a system of meridians, albeit very different from the model that was accepted later. Speculation surrounds the tattoo marks seen on the ‘Ice Man’ who died in about 3300 BCE and whose body was revealed when an Alpine glacier melted. These tattoos might indicate that a form of stimulatory treatment similar to acupuncture developed quite independently of China” (2008). The first document that unequivocally described an organized system of diagnosis and treatment which is recognized as acupuncture is The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, dating from about 100 BCE. The information is presented in the form of questions by the Emperor and learned replies from his minister, Chi-Po. The text is likely to be a compilation of traditions handed down over centuries, presented in terms of the prevailing Taoist philosophy, and is still cited in support of particular therapeutic techniques. The concepts of channels (meridians or conduits) in which the Qi (vital energy or life force) flowed are well established by this time, though the precise anatomical locations of acupuncture points developed later. Society’s Acceptance or Rejection In exploring the topic, “Is acupuncture an effective treatment for the chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch? I found several diverse opinion’s in reference to what society thinks of acupuncture. According to Dr. Andrew Hamilton (2009, p. 22) in a magazine article he wrote entitled ‘Try telling my patients that acupuncture doesn’t work’, he is quoted as saying, “I have found acupuncture gives rapid, and often long-term relief, through its action of local muscle relaxation and central endorphin release.

Despite the skepticism of a few, acupuncture is fast becoming an established part of conventional medicine. ” In other words, Dr. Hamilton believes that acupuncture is a viable treatment for chronic pain in any area. However, in a contradictory article by Simon Singh (2008, p. 20) in a London Newspaper entitled, ‘Don’t believe the lie of the needle acupuncture is gaining credibility in medical circles’, he critiqued three trials with one using a placebo. He is quoted as saying, “Two out of three failed to show that real acupuncture offers any significant benefit beyond the fake treatment”. Singh believes that there is no significant benefit to acupuncture treatment. As with anything in today’s society there are pros and cons, differing opinions concerning acupuncture as a treatment associated with chronic pain. Here in the United States, our own Washington Post newspaper in an article by Ellen Edwards (2009), entitled ‘Millions Embrace Acupuncture, Despite Thin Evidence’ did an in depth study of local doctors and hospital physicians in all fields. Here article said that the American Medical Association takes no position specifically on acupuncture, saying “there is little evidence to confirm the safety and efficacy of most alternative therapies (p. 4). ” Although she received this statement from the AMA, during her research she found significant evidence to personally embrace acupuncture. She was quoted as saying, “I felt it had helped other people, and it might help me. I don’t know how it works, but it’s got 4,000 years of Chinese medicine behind it (p. 4). ” The essence of Edwards’ argument is with number of years used by the Chinese, there has to be some benefits from the acupuncture therapy.

Acupuncture as a Treatment In reviewing the research I found when exploring this topic there are many favorable articles for the use of acupuncture for chronic pain, specifically sensory deficit of touch. According to Clinical Psychologist White (2000), many Americans are seeking alternative therapies for any area associated with chronic pain such as acupuncture. Acupuncture systematically treats the mind as well as the body when used by professional psychologists. The “medical field has started embracing this new field of integrative medicine” (p. 671), and there have been wonderful results. Burke, Upchurch, Dye, & Chyu ( 2006), conducted a survey on the use of acupuncture in the United States. Its objective was to establish that acupuncture has become an important provider-based complementary and alternative medicine treatment.

The findings in relation to chronic pain were “A large number of respondents (44. 0%) indicated that they used acupuncture because conventional medicine would not help treat their health condition, supporting the role of acupuncture as an alternative medicine” (p. 645). Acupuncture has also been shown to be a beneficial approach in reducing chronic pain, and specifically the sensory deficit of touch. In a review of the literature on acupuncture and pain, Eshkevari (2003) found that: (1) acupuncture could, in fact, be viewed as a useful therapeutic modality in the management of chronic pain (p. 366), (2) acupuncture causes the release of endorphin substances (p. 367), (3) acupuncture reduces norepinephrine levels in certain brain areas and blood circulation, accompanied by a rise in pain threshold (p. 367). Basically, Eshkevari is saying that there is mounting evidence of acupunctures effectiveness. There was a study done by Sood, Sood, Bauer, & Ebbert (2005), on the Cochrane systematic review of acupuncture. This study consisted of the controlled trials in acupuncture across different topic areas and journals with the common subject of chronic pain. After the review it was concluded that that diversity exists in the comprehensiveness of the data on acupuncture. Even though there is data to suspect its effectiveness, according to Sood, Sood, Bauer, & Ebbert, “This diversity makes reviews prone to bias and adds another layer of complexity in interpreting the acupuncture literature” (p. 19). Sood, Sood, Bauer, & Ebbert, are insisting that the systematic reviews are not reliable. With all of these facts mounting, the JRRD (2007) sums up many discrepancies, They state, “Although many studies have documented the efficacy of acupuncture for pain and other medical conditions, understanding how it works within a Western medical paradigm remains challenging” (p. 215). The JRRD’s point is that there is still a lack of concrete evidence that acupuncture is an effective therapeutic treatment for the chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch. Evaluation The articles that I presented and the books reviewed for the most seem to indicate that acupuncture is an effective means of reducing or eliminating chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch.

The articles and books I used seem to support and even advocate the use of acupuncture. However, there are differing perspectives in the field of psychology which I have not been able to ascertain and include in this paper. In order for me to be more conclusive there has to be more studies, articles and books to support this subject. Included in this paper were articles and studies on the prevalent use of acupuncture in Western alternative medicine. Acupuncture is being used in all areas and many medical physicians are becoming proficient in its use. It is felt that acupuncture can and should become an integral part of the health care system. Overall, I feel as if I have made some serious headway in discovering the use of acupuncture in the therapeutic treatment of the sensory deficit of touch.

However, I believe there is much more to be learned about how it relieves chronic pain, and more specifically the pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch. Conclusion This topic of acupuncture and its effectiveness on the chronic pain of the sensory deficit touch is very close to my heart. I suffer from the deficit of touch and understand the chronic pain which is experienced. I have personally tried acupuncture to relieve the pain but it proved unsuccessful for me, as did many other treatments. From my research of the subject there is evidence that some do feel as if the use of acupuncture violates or contradicts the Christian worldview. As with most every controversial subject there are pro and con opinions. Some Christians may have an aversion to using acupuncture because of its origin. According to the John Mark Ministries as written by Croucher (2005), “There is evidence that acupuncture works for a few painful conditions and there are suggestions for a rational scientific basis such that no belief need be placed in Eastern religion. I do not believe acupuncture necessarily involves the occult at all, though as in all alternative treatments I advise caution about the therapist. ” In making this comment, Croucher argues that there needs to be careful scrutiny of the practitioner. Steve Godwin (2005) writing for Watchman Fellowship, Inc. has stated, “The religious basis for traditional acupuncture should cause Christians to exercise caution when considering acupuncture treatment. The main point to remember is that we should use discernment when investigating any medical treatment, because any treatment based on a false worldview can be harmful not only physically but spiritually as well. ” The before two opinions advise caution in who you allow to perform this procedure. However, a more negative opinion is offered by Let Us Reason Ministries (2009). They state, “As Christians we should not seek practitioners who offer metaphysical cures that manipulate invisible energy.

The acupuncture theory is incompatible with both scientific evidence and diametrically opposed to the Christian world view of the human body and spirit. The Bible never describes energy zones or meridians in the human anatomy. ” This last statement I find contrary to my personal beliefs.

Using all the research books, articles, and journals, I have come to the conclusion that acupuncture provides some viability to the relief of chronic pain in all areas, and specifically the sensory deficit of touch. Although I feel that it does work, it is limited to only certain patients. Some patients have no relief from acupuncture. I speak from personal experience that it doesn’t work on all patients. Even though acupuncture treatments can conjure up mystery, there is still some usefulness as a healing presence, and this can depend on the practitioner. Giving some insight in to the healing presence, Jonas, & Crawford (2004) tell us , “Religious and spiritual traditions from all cultures and all times describe the spiritual or loving presence of the faithful contributor of healing. In addition, the common belief that some individuals are highly effective healers, independent of whether they use a ritual, prayer, needle, pill or knife, perpetuates the common belief that a special “presence” can exude from certain practitioners.

This presence is capable of inducing an experience of recovery wholeness, peace or well-being in people who suffer. Acupuncture is nothing more than a very ancient form of healing, and in healing there is God’s presence in the midst. God puts those He would have in place with the gift of healing. 1 Cor. 2:28 says, “And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, also those having gifts of healing, those able to help others, those with gifts of administration, and those speaking in different kinds of tongues” (NIV) I truly believe that there is nothing contrary to God’s word in the use of acupuncture, and if we are diligent in seeking the best practitioner to administer this treatment it does not defy Christian beliefs. I am inclined to believe that this is the correct Christian worldview. Thus, I answer the question, “Is acupuncture an effective therapeutic treatment for the chronic pain associated with the sensory deficit of touch? ” Yes, for some it is. I also am made aware, through the research, that great strides are being made to further the use of acupuncture as a viable tool in the everyday health care field. References Angier, N. (2008, December 9). Primal, acute and easily duped: our sense of touch. The New York Times, Section D; Column 0; Science Desk; BASICS; Pg. 2. Barth, D. S. (2010). Touch.

World book online reference center. Retrieved April 21, 2010 from https://wf2dnvr11. webfeat. rg/YzT4O17522/url=https://www. worldbookonline. com/pl/reference Bruno, L. C. , & Carnagie, J. (2001). Touch. U*x*l complete life science resource. Retrieved (2010, April 21) from https://find. galegroup. com/gvrl/infomark. do? &contentSet=EBKS&type=retrieve&tabID=T001&prodID=GVRL&docID=CX3437100265&source=gale&userGroupName=29081_mdpls&version=1. 0 Burke, A. , Upchurch, D. M. , Dye, C. , & Chyu, L. (2006). Acupuncture use in the united states: findings from the national health interview survey. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12(7), 639-648. Chapman, C. R. 2010). Pain. In Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.

Retrieved April 21, 2010, from Grolier Online https://gme. grolier. com. article? assetid=0218110-0 Croucher, R. (2005, March 9). Acupuncture – a christian assessment. John Mark Ministries, Retrieved April 21, 2010 from https://jmm. aaa. net. au/articles/14661. htm Edwards, E. (2009, March 17). Millions embrace acupuncture, despite thin evidence. The Washington Post, HEALTH; p. HE04. Eshkevari, L. (2003). Acupuncture and pain: a review of the literature. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 71(5), 361-368. Field, T. (2003). Touch. Cambridge, Massachuetts: The MIT Press. Gatchel, R. J. , Peng, Y. B,. , Peters, M. L. , Fuchs, P. N. , & Turk, D. C. (2007). The Biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: scientific advances and future directions.

Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581-624. Godwin, S. (2005, April). Evaluating acupuncture. Watchman Fellowship, Inc. , Retrieved April 21, 2010 from https://www. wfial. org/index. cfm? fuseaction=artNewAge. article_10 Hamilton, Dr. A. (2009, February 11). Try telling my patients that acupuncture doesn’t work.

Pulse, p. 22. Jonas, W. B. , ; Crawford, C. C. (2004). The Healing presence: can it be reliably measured?. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10(5), 751-756. JRRD, . (2007). Efficacy of selected complementary and alternative medicine interventions for chronic pain. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 44(11/2/2007), 195-222. Kidson, R. L. (2008). Is Acupuncture right for you?. Rochester, Vermont: Healing Arts Press. Landau, E. (2009). The Sense of touch. New York: Children’s Press.

Singh, S. (2008, April 21). Don’t believe the lie of the needle acupuncture is gaining credibility in medical circles, but Simon Singh is not convinced by the evidence. The Daily Telegraph (London), FEATURES; HEALTH ON MONDAY; p. 0. Sood, A. , Sood, R. , Bauer, B. A. , ; Ebbert, J. O. (2005). Cochrane systematic reviews in acupuncture: methodological diversity in database searching. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 11 (4), 719-722. Strickland, B. (2001). Touch. Gale encyclopedia of psychology. Retrieved (2010, April 21) from https://find. galegroup. com/gvrl/infomark. do? ;contentSet=EBKS;type=retrieve;tabID= T001;prodid=GVRL;docID=CX3406000641;source=gale;userGroupName=29081_ mdpls;version=1. 0 Unknown, . (2009). Acupuncture – acupressure.

Let Us Reason Ministries,

Did you like this example?

Sensory Deficit of Touch, Its Pain and Acupuncture. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Compare and Contrast between the Ancient River Valley Civilizations

The earliest forms of civilizations were said to be located on the three river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates River in ancient Mesopotamia, the Nile River in ancient Egypt and the Huang He and Indus River in ancient India and China. These three river valley civilizations had many differences yet still lived common life styles. Although the civilizations are located on different continents, they share similar social, political, and economic beliefs from their intellectual developments to types of government to religious beliefs and trading systems. When the civilizations were first invented, there was a lot of chaos and confusion. This led to the invention of the different forms of writing.

Each civilization had a form of writing for their people. However, only a minority of the people were literate. However, this minute problem didn’t stop the civilizations from wanting to further advance themselves in life; the complex skills were left to those who had time to master it. The Mesopotamians were the first to invent their own style of writing called Cuneiform. The Cuneiform used different pictures to represent various objects but soon shifted to the use of geometric shapes to symbolize spoken sound. The Egyptians were the first to invent the numbering system through a style called hieroglyphics. Their knowledge in math was able to define the twenty-four hour time period in a day and they influenced the development of later Mediterranean cultures. The Phoenicians then came along and shortened the alphabet with twenty-two letters and better the Egyptian numbering system.

On the other hand, the Indians and Chinese were big advocates for science. They had remarkable achievements in astronomy which led to the creation of the calendar in which we still use today. They also had remarkable achievements in bronze work which helped create many tools used for farming and agriculture. Each intellectual development throughout the three civilizations has contributed to better the civilizations at that time period and is still used modern day. With better intellect and further developing societies, the need for government came into play. All three of the major river civilizations had a government in the form of hierarchy. Each civilization had a ruler; they were in a monarchy system.

Some of the systems were considered to be well off systems because they were able to rule without any disruptions while others had systems in which were not in equality with men and women. In Mesopotamia, there was a king who ruled city-state regions. The kings were war leaders and their main function was to make sure everything was running great in their region. On the other hand, the Egyptians, Indians, and Chinese had similar monarchy systems. Their rulers were Pharaohs and kings, however in their society, people were slaves. The Pharaoh was such an elite person that they needed people in their society (slaves) to build pyramids and elaborate palaces for them.

With each civilization having a distinct leader, this helped keep the environment more stable although some civilizations weren’t fair in the distribution of power. As time was progressing, the civilizations have been developing techniques to better their ways of life. All three civilizations were accustomed to trade because they were located near rivers. Although they had access to the water surrounding their civilization, not all the civilizations traded with one another. Each of the civilizations was farmers but they had different ways to go about farming their lands. The Mesopotamians invented the wheel, which was used to transport both people ad goods and also to make pottered pots. While on the other hand, the Chinese was able to do overland trading with India and the Middle East. With opening up to the outside world, each civilization was able to develop new ideas from other civilizations and help make their life better in their community. In Conclusion, the first civilizations were the ones located at the major river valleys. These civilizations had different styles but lived similar lives I their individual civilizations. Each civilization created and intellectual development that is still used current day each had a monarchy way of living and traded in order to open contacts along their waterlines and also to help get ideas to better their civilizations.

Did you like this example?

Compare and Contrast Between the Ancient River Valley Civilizations. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Raymond Carver’s what we Talk about when we Talk about Love

Love is undoubtedly one of the most frequently explored subjects in the literary world. Whether the focus is a confession of love, criticism of love, tale of love, or simply a tale about what love is, such literary pieces force readers to question the true meaning and value of love. Raymond Carver accomplishes this in his short story “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. ” As the unadorned setting and the personality of each character unfold, the reader realizes that Carver is making a grave comment on the existence of love. Carver utilizes strong contrast, imagery, and diction to ultimately suggest that love cannot be defined concretely and therefore cannot be defined in words, and because of this, it is better off unexplored. As the story opens, the reader is introduced to two couples. Nick and Laura epitomize the stereotypical “newlywed” relationship, meaning that they are still too fresh in love to realize each other’s shortcomings and question their love. Mel and Terri, on the other hand, have been together for five years, and though they still claim to love one another, a mutual underlying resentment for the other becomes evident as the story progresses. Knowing this, Nick and Laura are characterized as the young “fools in love”, and therefore, their opinions of love are not realistic. Despite Nick being the narrator, he only speaks up a few times to suggest that love is absolute. With such an outspoken narrator, Carver creates a unique situation in which Nick is overpowered in the conversation. This suggests that Nick is inexperienced with love and that his belief in his perfect loving relationship with Laura is just an illusion. Ironically enough, Mel dominates the dialogue of the story, yet he seems to be the most confused about the definition of love. His wife, Terri, speaks about her abusive ex-husband, Ed, and Mel claims that that relationship was not built on love. Several times, Mel scoffs, “If you call that love, you can have it” (174). However, it is eventually made clear that Mel knows more of what love isn’t than what love truly is. On page 178, Mel states, “…And it ought to make us feel ashamed when we talk like we know what we’re talking about when we talk about love. ” In short, Mel is suggesting that none of the characters understand love, and those who think they do (Nick and Laura) are temporarily disillusioned. Additionally, Carver invalidates Nick and Laura’s comments on love by categorizing them as new fools in love, meaning that Nick’s comment about love being absolute is far from true. The contrast of the two couples relationships suggests that there are many forms and stages of love, which further disproves its absoluteness. In conclusion, the contrast of all four characters’ views questions both the existence and the verbal definition of true love. As the story unfolds further, Mel continues to lead the group’s conversation. Carver incorporates significant imagery through this drunken character. First of all, Mel speaks of his wishes to be a knight so that he could have a suit of armor, which is a form of protection. However, on page 181 Nick states, “I read somewhere that they’d fall off their horses and not be able to get up because they were too tired to stand with all that armor on them. They got trampled by their own horses sometimes. ” This is an analogy in the sense that the armor represents “walls” that people put up to protect and separate themselves from others. The horse represents the creature in which the man confides the most trust, which could also represent a person’s romantic partner. Therefore this image means that people who build “walls” (represented by the armor) around them actually hurt themselves in the end. In other words, even the animal that is most cared for in the man’s life may end up killing him, which is the ultimate act of hatred. The horse killing the knight can also be interpreted as Carver explaining that love, whether it be between a knight and his horse or a married couple, is imperfect and does not last. This idea is suggested once more on the final pages of the story when Mel is hatefully talking about his ex-wife, Marjorie. On page 176, Mel admits, “But sometimes I have a hard time accounting for the fact that I must have loved my first wife too. But I did, I know I did. ” However, Mel maliciously speaks of wishing to unleash a swarm of bees on her on pages 184 and 185. Mel’s hateful attitude toward Marjorie, the woman that he once loved, further proves that love is neither absolute nor eternal, and its’ beginning and end cannot be logically explained. In addition to Carver’s use of contrast and imagery, “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” is written strategically with simplicity in both the diction and plot. As most of the action in the story revolves around drinking and replenishing the gin, a mental image of four characters drowning their sorrows and confusion concerning love is formed (yet this is never admitted). Nick, the narrator, limits his comments to physical movement and appearance of the characters, which at first glance suggests a skin-deep story about two couples; yet with a deeper analysis, it actually adds mood and overall importance to the meaning of Carver’s story. The setting is described at the beginning of the story very plainly. On page 170, Nick describes the scene as, “The four of us were sitting around his kitchen table drinking gin. ” The simplicity found in Nick’s descriptions is reflected in all aspects of the story, as the setting remains still and static throughout. The lack of movement or excitement among the characters suggests that their love is also stagnant, or will soon be lifeless in Nick and Laura’s case. The combination of the lack of movement and the continuous intake of alcohol create a melancholy and creepy mood at the conclusion of the story. By the time the gin is polished off, the upbeat conversation in the first few pages has died down to an awkward, lonely silence. On page 185, Nick says, “Eat or not eat. Or keep drinking. I could head right on out into the sunset. This line illustrates a sudden loss of motivation and want- not only for food, but also for love itself. After hearing Mel and Terri’s gloomy stories about love, it seems that Nick and Laura silently realize that their destiny as a couple is doomed and that their infatuating love will not and cannot last. Mel and Terri are also immersed in this silent, drunken, and dispirited mindset, as if realizing that they are stuck in this rut of “love” that, at its core, is lacking passion. Also, on page 185, Nick narrates, “I could hear my heart beating. I could hear everyone’s heart. I could hear the human noise we sat there making, not one of us moving, not even when the room went dark. ” Carver’s powerful use of diction in this closing line creates an idea for the whole story. Ironically, Nick mentions the heart of each one of them. Since the heart is the body part most associated with love, Nick hearing the characters’ hearts in the dark is a reflection of his emotions; Nick understands that each person can love, yet in the dark, the definition of love cannot been seen or understood. The diction in this line also ends the story ironically in that the characters are more confused and hopeless about love than they were in the beginning. With this understanding, Carver is implying that love is not absolute, and it should not be defined or analyzed. In conclusion, Carver’s “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” insinuates that the individual is better off embracing love with his/her heart rather than mind, as the mind will only spoil any potential true beauty that love may offer.

Did you like this example?

Raymond Carver's What We Talk About When We Talk About Love. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Existential Psychology

Existential theory is the emphasize on the isolation and uniqueness of an individual within a different universe , the regards of the unexplainable state of human existence and the stress on the freedom of responsibility and choice on the acts that one does . It is a basic tool that is used to grant therapeutic assistance to a person in discovering the concepts held in his /her life . This is in aid of bringing a concise meaning about an individual 's life . Existential therapy aims at guiding individuals in confronting the anxieties in their lives . It aims at helping the client in making credible choices about the aspects that confront ones life . It emphasizes on the reflection on what could be the causes of meaningless and loneliness in ones life therefore finding out the best ways of copying with the anxieties held in their life . It does not however seek at eliminating these anxieties but only models the best ways in which one can cope adequately with them (Paul , 2007 ) However , the nature of the therapy does not address the appeals to most of the general population . This is because those aggrieved by foundations of anxieties would only be seeking rational ways of how to eliminate them rather than to cope with them . The better part of the society does not attribute the role of existential therapy in addressing the needs of their lives . It only seeks at postponing the actualities of anxiety that could be of influence to ones life (Thompson , 2007 ) Existential therapy is ideally emotional . This is by its sense of causing effects in response in the person 's emotional attributes that are held in the body . A person is only accredited towards shaping and changing the perceptions of the anxious feeling that he /she has within oneself . Consequently , the emotional context of this therapy is what brings the responsive effect that is held by the therapy (Bill , 2006 ) Reference Thompson Guy (2007 ) Apprehending the Inaccessible : Freudian Psychoanalysis and Existential Phenomenology . Journal of Phenomenological Psychology , Vol . 38 Bill Jerald (2006 ) An Existential View of Adolescent Development . Adolescence , Vol . 40 Paul Felix (2007 ) Psychotherapy and Existential Therapy . Journal of Phenomenological Psychology , Vol . 33

Did you like this example?

Existential Psychology. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Ethical Relativism

Manukyan Ruth Benedict was considered a founding figure of American anthropologist and Benedict taught at Columbia University. Benedict was partially deaf. She has written many books, many of her books were published, and she is very well known. Benedict views social systems as communities with common beliefs. She believes that one system cannot be better than another. I agree with Benedict’s claim that morality is simply whatever a culture deems normal behavior. It is definitely a satisfactory equation and she shows many great points on why. Benedict has great points on why to accept others moral beliefs even though it may conflict with yours. In Benedict’s view, and in the view of American anthropology of the time, each culture is self-contained, and separate but equal. Each makes sense in its own context, and all you have to do is know the context to understand what the people are doing and why they are doing it. In a simpler term she is saying that you cannot say ones She never believed that there was a “universal” to a variety of human moral standards. Looking at Benedict’s beliefs and applying it to the institution of slavery and the Nazi policy of anti-Semitism and it does indeed make sense. I cannot apply it with my beliefs because I was taught that killing others is bad and that everyone in the world is equal. If you do look at it in a person that agrees with the Nazi policy it makes sense. They believed that the Jews were the problem and a majority of people agreed which made the killings occur. They found that morally correct. As well as slavery, when African American’s were slaves white people found it morally correct to “own a slave”. Most of the United States found that normal. In Benedict’s view we cannot say that Manukyan slavery was morally incorrect because at that time it slavery was considered morally correct. It might not seem as the right thing to do, but back then the culture deemed that as a normal behavior. Manukyan Every single culture has a its own moral principles. A culture’s morals are most likely different from another culture’s morals. There can be a significant difference between cultures morals that do not correspond with each other or even some cultures might have many morals alike. One culture might believe in something and another culture might believe in something completely opposite of that. An example is a culture might find it morally correct to do slavery and another culture might find it morally incorrect to do slavery. Another example is when a culture finds it okay to sacrifice themselves because there belief is they will end up in a heaven with virgins, but another culture just finds that completely incorrect and they value an individuals life more. This is called “Cultural Relativism”. Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems may vary from culture to culture. But all these cultures morals are valid and no one system is better than any other. This is based on an important idea in which there is no ultimate standard of good or evil. The right or wrong is decided by society of that certain culture. In other words any opinion on morality or ethics is subject to the cultural perspective of each person. We might think that killing someone is disrespectful and it is frowned upon, but to another culture it might be a religion to kill someone. Such as they might do a sacrifice and everything will be completely normal. There are no independent criteria for us to say that some cultures are better than others because who are we to judge there morals. The morals we agree on they might disagree on and the morals we disagree on they might agree on. Not one culture can be considered better than another. We cannot judge what they feel is morally right. Manukyan Whatever I feel is morally right is because I grew up and adapted to it. People with different moral beliefs grew up and adapted to there own version of morals. Not all morals may seem equally good, but that is something we must live with which can never be changed.

Did you like this example?

Ethical Relativism. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

“The Marriage of Heaven and Hell”

One of the most intriguing topics of discussion among people, especially among Christians, is the issue of the entities of Heaven and Hell. Many books and essays have been written by a multitude of authors attempting to explain the supernatural concepts of Heaven and Hell in human terms. Among these many literary works, one particular essay stands out as being informative, yet direct in the style of writing. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell” is the product of William Blake, who was born on November 28, 1757 in London, England He devoted his life to writing, and many would consider William Blake to be more than just an author; instead many consider him a prophetic writer. “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell” is a metaphorical essay more than an allegorical essay over the topic of the supernatural realms, Heaven and Hell. The whole of the essay is written as an in-depth response to one of Blake’s colleagues, Emanuel Swedenborg, a Swedish scientist and philosopher, and as an argument against organized religion. The essay opens with William Blake introducing the main character, Rintrah, who many believe is a metaphor for or a parallel of Blake himself. Also, many literary critics view Rintrah as the spirit of revolutionary power and as a possible personification of the just will of the Prophet. Using the title as a context clue, the reader, based off of the lines, “shakes his fires in the burden’d air; hungry clouds swag on the deep” can extrapolate the setting of beginning part of the essay as Hell. To understand the essay as a whole, the reader must breakdown and analyze the two lines, “Without Contraries is no progression. Attraction and Repulsion, Reason and Energy, Love and Hate, are necessary to Human existence. ” The first line, “Without Contraries is no progression,” has enormous meaning; in simple words this line can be rephrased, “Without disagreement humanity cannot progress. ” This idea of competition creating “good” or progress is a Biblical concept. In Proverbs 27:17, David writes, ”Iron sharpens iron, so one man sharpens another. ” Therefore, competition and opposing viewpoints are not only just a fact of humanity, but are essential for humanity to progress in a positive manner. The second line is a descriptive reiteration of the first line. The action words, such as attraction and repulsion, and love and hate, Blake utilizes as a way to describe how humans interact with each other in opposing manners, which ultimately allows humanity to progress. Another task accomplished by these two lines is they sum up Blake’s argument against organized religion. William Blake sees organized religion as detriment to humanity. He sees organized religion as being opposed to the one thing that allows humanity to grow in a positive way, competition. Blake sees organized religion as an entity that is blind to a concept that could be beneficial to religion as a whole, which would ultimately lead to more people hearing the message of Jesus Christ. The essay, “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,” though “to-the-point,” in literary style, there is an enormous amount of depth to every part of the essay. As the main character travels throughout Hell, he experiences several different emotions such as anger and resentment. In addition, the main character sees several scenes during his journey through Hell; including, seeing the abyss of Hell and how evil spirits actually research and study humans. Then, William Blake continues on and writes about the main character’s experience during his journey through Heaven. Throughout his entire experience, both in Heaven and Hell, the main character sees how the different beings in their respective supernatural realms interact with each other and with human beings. Altogether this essay by William Blake does an excellent job of providing the reader with a seemingly prophetic insight into Heaven and Hell and how the two realms interact.

Did you like this example?

"The Marriage of Heaven and Hell”. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Interpretation of Gertrude in Hamlet

The character of Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, posted a lot of problems in the interpretation for readers, critics and artists and was often considered a symbol of the harlot, the object of Oedipus complex in Hamlet, is an example of women's subservience to man (Hamlet and Claudius). Rebecca Smith in his essay "A Heart Cleft in Twian, Gertrude frees the usual stereotypes of adultery calculated that it offers a traditional interpretation of the assumption that only such a woman can arouse strong and violent reaction in men in the drama. In earlier versions, which were the source for Shakespeare Hamlet Gertrudina guilt is unquestionable. She marries Claudius, although it is publicly known as a murderer of King Hamlet. Changes that Shakespeare introduces into the structure of the drama and characters that show the redirection adds thematic complexity. The question arises about the Gertrude which is not exactly the answer, although the murderer of King Hamlet is not publicly known, she knows, or at least suspect, who was murdered? Is guilty of adultery in the past? Does changing the play or can not be changed? Rebecca Smith notes that finding answers to these difficult questions about the fact that Gertrude learned most of the other characters, and since it is a stimulant and the object of violent emotional reaction to the spirit, Hamlet and Claudius, they offer us the extreme descriptions.

Ghost in his first appearance expresses anger and contempt for Gertrude because of her behavior. This rodoskvrna, yes, this preljubna mercury, Froward Emperor, traitorous gifts - Oh, malicious magic and gifts they have the power To err - to gain a shameful perversion Will my seemingly-virtuous queen. Gertrude, according to him poor woman who fell under the influence Klaudijev. Spirit then revealed who killed him and seeks revenge against Claudius, but not Gertrud. Then begins an attack on the sexual relationship of Claudius and Gertrude. Before disappearing, he says Hamlet Its spirit is not kaljaj let your soul is nothing Do not plotting against the mother. Heaven's surrender And that Trnju which brings him in the chest, If freedom is baked. You be well now, goodbye. Since it does not require a vengeance, apparently was not considered guilty of adultery during the marriage. His second appearance was prompted by the need for further Gertrude defending. Hamlet orders to protect Gertrude and return to avenge. Do not forget: the purpose of my visit To sharpen your almost blunt counsel. But, behold, dismay bothering your mom.

Stood between her and her dazed soul (Iii, iv) Hamlet emotions are clear to the mother of his first monologue. And yet, only a month - not to Neither think - the fragility, the name of your wife! I, ii) She remarried. - Oh, sinful hurry, scurry In rodoskvrne sheets with such speed! This is not good and can not be good. Al break, my heart, I must be silent! (I, ii) Just Gertrudina betrayal, not alone the kings death, Hamlet seems depressed. After he disclosed the name of the spirit of a killer, Hamlet's anger toward the mother increases. Oh, wife of destructive activities! (Act 1, scene 5, p. 51. ) Gertrude Kaudije creates an impression because it is the cause of his conflicting emotions as well as the spirit of Hamlet. He Gertrude speaks with respect, it is the only reason they tolerate Hamlet unusual behavior. Claudius Gertrude desire to possess is the reason the murder of King Hamlet. On Gertrude objektificira ("Because we ex daughter in law, now our queen ... for a woman took, and ii. ), It became his property as a result of the award for his work. Although Gertrude was partly responsible for Klaudijevo fratricide, and although her marriage to Claudius the reason for Hamlet's madness, Gertrude, never in the play does not encourage anyone to evil.

A review of its words and actions in an attempt to understand her character , is not nothing that foreshadowed the suppression or uncontrolled passion. Her short speech include the implications of honor and virtue. The underlying structure, the content does not suggest its viciousness. As for you, Ophelia, I would like To honor the beauty of your lucky cause That Hamlet's rampage. And so The virtues of your return it the right way, In honor of you and him. (III, i) She shows concern for Hamlet because of his strange behavior. She usually asks questions and concerns for the welfare of other characters. Gertrudina works equally nelascivna and caring as her word. Enters the scene with the king usually alone on stage with only Hamlet and Ophelia (in both cases expresses feelings of guilt), and leaves the scene on the orders of Claudius. He was sent to the scene so as not to reveal his guilt, or to consult with her about Hamlet. Her words and actions describe her as a loving, quiet and humble mother and wife.

When speaking to Hamlet, the spirit does not say anything that could be interpreted as if she is guilty of his murder. Gertrudino behavior during Mousetrap nobody would have led to the conclusion that she recognized herself in the character of Queen Glumac. However Hamlet thinks he is, and Hamlet is a powerful first person in the drama that comes to events and people perceive from his perspective. She later calls Mousetrap Hamlet in his chambers, not because of guilt that she felt presented the play, but because the conversation before the conventional traps with polonium, but also because it is upset because one of the men to whom she cares very insulted the other. After Mousetrap, Gertrude asks Hamlet What I did, and dare Language so shoot me? (Iii, iv) When she tells Hamlet that Claudius killed the king, she shows that she knew something about it. Many critics believe that it was in connection with the murder of King Claudius before, but it's true, it would be suspected of Claudius because he had a double motive - the crown and Gertrude.

In fact, with her betrayal of Hamlet by not seen in previous connection with Claudius, but quickly married after the death of the king. Although it is not an adulteress, Gertrude, to become married to Claudius. Gertrude admits his guilt in the fact that the marriage was too fast, and everything else just feels guilty when she says that Hamlet should be ashamed of. It is unclear just what I mean when you talk about black spots on my soul You turn my eyes to the bottom of my soul; And there I see the black, the customary spots Did not want to lose their color. (Iii, iv) Is this a newly created awareness of adultery and incestuoznoj relationship, her marriage to a man who so obviously hates Hamlet, or is it her, already mentioned, speeds marriage to Claudius. In any case, Hamlet words create in her a sense of guilt, and Hamlet, she just wants to see happy. However, it also can not be satisfied and Claudius and Hamlet, which is why I feel guilty. Gertrude through drama has not moved toward independence, or experienced a moral twist, the only divided his loyalty, and her grief increased. In the last act she drinks poisoned wine to be killed, she drinks to toast the victory Hamletovoj not knowing that it was poison. Her death symbolizes the internal disharmony caused by the divided loyalty.

In honor of Hamlet, she first ignores Klaudijevu command. No, no, to drink, drink! - Alas, Hamle My dear, - drink, drink! - I am poisoned. Gertrude dies knowing that he was poisoned, and calls for his dear Hamlet in order warned him, not to be blamed for whom Claudius may be sure that he is guilty because he tried to stop to drink. Gertrudine words and deeds in Hamlet does not create an image of lascivious, greedy women what we see on stage and on film, but gentle, loving wife and nemastovitu which is the only other career meeting. Her marriage to the brother of her late husband to be a reflection of its highly addictive nature. Gertrude may be the object of violent emotion, but she does not express any passion, only a silent and enduring concern for the welfare of other characters, especially Hamlet and Claudius. It is very pliable and not to make any decisions for themselves, except those that result in her death. Her personality is defined by the other characters in the drama. Because of its inability and weakness occurs wrong image of her that were created and reflected the other characters. Bibliography Rebecca Smith, A Heart Cleft in Twain

Did you like this example?

Interpretation of Gertrude in Hamlet. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Emily Dickinson’s View of Death

Emily Dickinson’s view of death is quite different that that of the modern world. The modern world fears death and describes it as dark, scary, and horrible. However, Emily describes it as something that she welcomes and is not to be feared.

She knows that once a person dies, he or she begins another life. Through the poem’s diction, Emily Dickinson’s view of death is shown. Death “knew no haste” and “kindly stopped” for Emily, so Emily “puts away her labor and leisure” for Death’s “civility. ” Death is described as a gentleman, who kindly stops the carriage for Emily. Emily welcomes Death and stops what she is doing to follow and join him.

The personification of death shows that Emily thinks highly of death and does not fear or dread it.

As the carriage drives slowly, Emily and Death pass a school, where children “strove at Recess– in the Ring. ” The “Ring” refers to the nursery rhyme called “Ring Around the Rosie” and derives from the Black Plague.

The significance of the “Ring” in the poem is that children do not think about death. In fact, they do not even know that the game that they play refers to death. The children also depict the progress of human life. They have just begun their journey while Emily is near the end of her journey.

Emily and Death pass “the fields of gazing grain” and “the setting sun” as the “dews drew quivering and chill. ” The grain suggests futurity; that is, it will grow and develop until it dies. It has a future like the children that they passed.

The sun passes them as the sun does everyone who is buried. When the sun sets, the world becomes dark. This is a contrast to the light of the previous stanzas in the poem.

Also the world becomes damp and cold, which is a contrast to the warmth in the previous stanza. Another thing that Emily and Death see as they ride in the carriage is a “House” that seemed “a swelling of a ground;” they could scarcely see the “roof,” “the cornice in the ground. ” The “house” that they see is a grave. They could barely see the top of it because it is placed deeply in the ground.

The significance of the “House” is that a person is placed in a grave after they die. The modern world seems to think that being placed in a grave is the end of their life.

However, Emily knows that this is not the end of their life. Their body is placed there, but their soul goes somewhere else. Emily concludes the poem by saying “I first surmised the Horses’ heads were toward Eternity. ” The carriage that Emily and Death were traveling in leads them towards eternity or an afterlife.

Emily realizes that a person’s journey is continued after death. This is a hopeful concept that many people in the modern world do not realize.

They describe it as a horrible thing that they fear. Emily Dickinson makes death seem passive and easy. She knows that death is a natural part of life and is unstoppable for everybody. She also knows that it is not the end of a soul’s journey.

The journey continues into eternity.

Did you like this example?

Emily Dickinson's View of Death. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Intern Report on Standard Chartered Bank

1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Origin of the report The BBA internship program is a required course for the students who are graduating from the School of Business of Independent University, Bangladesh. It is a 12 credit hour course with duration of 14 weeks. Students who have completed all the required courses (at least 114 credit hours) are eligible for this course. In the internship program, I was attached to a host organization Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank for 14 weeks. During this period I learned how the host organization works with the help of the internal supervisor. The internal supervisor assigned me on of the projects.

Another project about the customer query frequency is assigned by my supervisor in SCG bank. The report on “SCG’s Online Service: Customers Query Frequency and Satisfaction” is prepared by the author and finally, submitted to the internal supervisor on April 30, 2002. 1. 2 Objective of the report 1. 2. 1 General objective

• To gain practical job experiences and view the application of theoretical knowledge in the real life. 1. 2. 2 Project objective

• To know Standard Chartered Grindlays customers’ different queries regarding cards by using bank’s current online service. To know Standard Chartered Grindlays customers’ view on bank’s current level of online services quality and standards.

• To suggest ways of improving the service standard that accommodates a rapidly growing customer volume. 1. 3 Scope This study attempts to relate the growing customer base with the standard of online service as perceived by customers. The study is mainly done on perception of the customer of the Standard Chartered Grindlays. Most of the primary information has been collected through the tabulation work and a questionnaire survey and also through Card Division, Motijheel branch of Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank. The author was cautious to relate the experience with that of other sales and service center of Standard Chartered Grindlays through observation. This study briefly highlights the various customer services of Standard Chartered Grindlays. 1. 4 Methodology This study is based on both primary and secondary information. To know the customer query patters tabulation sheet work was done for 15 days.

And to know the customers’ perception about the current online service provided by Standard Chartered Grindlays and its quality, a questionnaire has been constructed and a survey has been conducted. The research was conducted on April 2002 through sample survey. The survey was conducted in Card Service at Motijheel branch of Standard Chartered Grindlays.

Information from the bank personnel was gathered through informal discussion. In addition, the author used some secondary data, too. To consummate the survey the following steps were followed: 1. 4. 1 Selection of sampling The sample was selected randomly so that no question of bias would exist. The bank provided the author a random credit card holders’ list to conduct the survey. In this way, each sample was selected for the present study. And for the tabulation work the CSA’s followed a MIS tabulation sheet to trace the calling frequency of the customer. 1. 4. 2 Data collection Method ? Primary source: The data on the perception of the online service quality of Standard Chartered Grindlays was collected from the cooperative respondents through a structured questionnaire. The information on some other services of Standard Chartered Grindlays was collected through informal discussion with several personnel of Standard Chartered Grindlays. And for the query frequency a MIS tabulation sheet was filled up with tally bars for 15 days.

Secondary source: The data about the organization and other customer services was collected from some secondary sources like brochures and Standard Chartered Grindlays’s magazine and personnel. 1. 4. 3 Data Analysis Method Data Analysis was done mostly with the help of Microsoft Excel XP through table and statistical data comparison tools like Average, Standard Deviation, Hypothesized Mean, Z-Test, and multiple regression with T-test and F-test. 1. 5 Limitations ? Lack of comprehension of the respondents was the major problem that created many confusions regarding verification of conceptual question. Limitation of time was one of the most important factors that shortened the present study. Due to time limitation many aspect could not by discussed in the present study. Due to time constraints, the sample size had to be restricted to 50 only. ? Confidentiality of data was another important barrier that was faced during the conduct of this study. Every organization has their own secrecy that in not revealed to others.

While collecting data on Standard Chartered Grindlays, personnel did not disclose enough information for the sake of confidentiality of the organization. Rush hours and business was another reason that acts as an obstacle while gathering data. ? The finding of the survey is based on customers’ response in different Standard Chartered Grindlays branches located in Dhaka City only. The results may not reflect the same for other branches of Standard Chartered Grindlays outside Dhaka. 1. 6 Abbreviation Abbreviations used throughout the report are as follows: SCGStandard Chartered Grindlays SCGBStandard Chartered Grindlays Bank ANZ ANZ Grindlays Bank HSBCHong Kong Sunghai Bank AMEXAmerican Express Bank CSACustomer Service Advisor MIS Management Information System CCCredit Card C/HCard Holder PINPersonal Identification Number SSC Sales and Service center ATM Automated Teller Machine PFS Personal Financial Service EMIEquated Monthly Installment LCLetter of Credit NGONon-Government Organization 1. 7 Report Preview The report contains five parts. Part one is the Introduction part, which includes objective of the report, scope, limitations, and methodology.

Part two the Organizational part gives the idea about Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank’s historical background, different divisions, banking services specially the card services of SCG bank. Third part contains Working Report that mainly discusses about the author’s experience during his 3 months internship with the Bank. Fourth part, the project part explains the main study about the customers’ query frequency to use online and the satisfaction on the present level of online service standard of SCG including research, literature review and hypothesis development. The fifth part contains the author’s point of view and some conclusions and recommendations to ensure their quality service. 2. 0 Organization part 2. 1 Historical Background SCGB has a rich historical background as both Chartered Bank and Standard Bank. Standard Chartered Grindlays Group formed in 1969 through a merger of The Standard Bank founded in 1863 and The Standard Bank founded in 1853. The first branches of The Chartered Bank opened in April 1858 in Calcutta (Kolkata) and Bombay (Mumbai). At present SCGB (former Standard Chartered Grindlays) is the largest and oldest foreign commercial bank operating in Bangladesh. This bank is operating in this region since 1905. It opened its first branch at Narayanganj to invest in Jute sector. Until today, SCGB has 15 branches in Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Narayanganj and Bogra of Bangladesh. In May 2000, Standard Chartered Grindlays has acquired Standard Chartered Grindlays through a deal of US $ 2. 53 billion in cash.

From August 1, 2000, the bank has been renamed as Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank. Until September 2002, both Standard Chartered Grindlays and Standard Chartered Grindlays will operate under the same management but as separate entities.

With effect from September 2002, there would not be any Grindlays- only Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank. 2. 2 Banking Services: There are two types of service provided by the Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank. 1) Business or Corporate Financial Services 2) Retail or Consumer Financial Services. 2. 2. 1 Business/Corporate Banking of SCGB It is very true that major contribution to the bank’s equity has been from business banking sector. It provides several types of services under business banking (Figure 6). As Figure 6 shows, SCGB offers corporate banking facilities to both local corporate and multinationals. Besides, it also provides commercial, Institutional, Quasi Government or Correspondence and Treasury banking facilities. Figure 2. 1 Business Banking of SCGB [pic] Source: Corporate Banking, SCGB 2. 2. 1. 1 Corporate Banking SCGB is recognized as the leading financial institution in corporate finance services in Bangladesh. A professional management team caters to the needs of its clients and provides them with a wide range of financial services some of which are project financing and investment consultancy, syndicated debt and equity, bond and guaranties, local and international treasury products. 2. 2. 1. 2 Institutional Banking SCGB’s this service is designed for different fund based organizations like donor agencies, NGOs, voluntary organizations, foreign missions, airlines, shipping lines and their personnel with the facilities like convertible and non-convertible current accounts, convertible taka accounts, which are freely convertible to major international currencies, local and foreign currency remittances through a large network of branches and correspondence. 2. 2. 1. 3 Commercial Banking SCGB offers different commercial banking facilities to all commercial concerns specially those with particular involvement with import and export finance. It provides the finance facilities like trade finance facilities including counseling, confirming export L/CS, and issue of import L/CS backed by its international branch and correspondent network. It also provides bonds and guarantees, investment advice, leasing facilities, project finance opportunities. 2. 2. 1. 4 Quasi Government Banking SCGB’s Quasi Government service helps the government by providing different financial service like efficient and knowledgeable management of trade business (import and export), skills in barter, swaps and counter trade deals. In addition, the opportunity of debenture finance for new projects, possibilities of hard currency loans and lease deals, the opportunity of syndicated hard currency, financing of loans and import L/C, highly efficient account management and remittance handling within the country or aboard. 2. 2. 1. 5 Treasury Banking SCGB’s treasury is one of the leading treasuries that offers foreign exchange requirements, provides market commentaries, economic forecasts and advisory to its major corporate clients. To keep its customers’ up-to –date with what is happening in the money markets, SCGB has ‘Weekly Treasury Updates’. . 2. 2 Retail Banking or Consumer Banking Services: The services of PFS and Card Services are known as Retail banking or Consumer Banking. Retail banking deals with the providing the bank services to individuals on a one-to-one basis. 2. 2. 2. 1 Personal Banking Services of SCGB SCGB (former ANZ) started its personal banking services in March 1992. Besides usual deposit services, consumer finance services of SCGB have been most popular. This section of report discusses all these personal banking services provided by SCGB. 2. 2. 2. 1. Deposit Services SCGB has the deposit services for its customers. SCGB’s deposit services are shown in the following figure: Figure 2. 2 Deposit Services of SCGB [pic] Source: SCGB’s Official Document 2. 2. 2. 1. 2 Consumer Finance SCGB first introduced consumer finance in Bangladesh and until today, they are the market leader. It has varieties in financing its retail customers with innovative products.

These include different types of credit and savings schemes shown below in the Figure. Figure 2. 3 Scheme offered under consumer finance of SCGB pic] Source: External affairs division, SCGB 2. 2. 2. 1. 3 Locker Facilities SCGB’s locker service allows the customers to keep their valuable in a safe and secure place and access the same at convenient times. These strong and heat resistant steel lockers lodged in reinforced concrete steel vault, round the clock security guards, sophisticated anti- burglary alarm systems provide maximum protection to the valuables of customers. 2. 2. 2. 1. 4 Government Bonds Like other banks, SCGB provides its customers with bond services. Three types of government bonds are available with the bank. These bonds are sold and related accounts are maintained according to the already established procedures. 2. 2. 2. 2 SCGB’s Card Services Personal banking and business banking of SCGB, though these two are the major functions of any commercial bank, a description of SCGB’s customer services will not be complete without a discussion on its card services. In fact, SCGB is the pioneer in the card services of Bangladesh. This section of the report discusses different care services of SCGB. 2. 2. 2. 2. 1 Credit Card A credit card is a revolving loan facility, which can be used to purchase goods and services and withdraw cash at wide range of outlets. SCGB first introduced the Taka credit card in Bangladesh.

Its credit card division offers both Silver Visa Card and Gold Master Card. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2 Benefits of Credit Card A SCGB credit card offers a wide range of benefits like: ? A minimum credit limit of Tk 10 thousands for Silver and Tk 1 lac for Gold Card. ? Free air travel death accident insurance Tk 5 lac for Gold, Tk 1 lac for Silver Card ? Convenient way of payment for purchase Maximum of 45 days free credit period ? Flexible and easy repayment options ? Credit can be used in over 3000 retail and service outlets around the country. ? 50% cash advances of the credit limit from 25 ATMs, 24 hours a day or from any sales and service center of the bank during office hour. ? No need to carry cash anymore. ? 24 hours customer service over phone. ? One lifetime free supplementary card. ? Minimum 7% discounts in good restaurants in Dhaka, Chittagong and Shylet. ? Paying credit card bill through ATM machines. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3 Eligibility to Get a Card. For getting a credit card customers have to fulfill two conditions. These are:

• Card applicant should be aged between 21 and 70 years he/she should have a regular gross monthly income of Taka 10 thousand for Silver Card and Taka 55 thousand of above for Gold Card after tax. The detailed information about the documents is given in the table below: Figure 2. 4 Required Documents for credit card Of SCGB Source: Card Service, SCGB 2. 2. 2. 2. 4 Repayment of Credit Amount SCGB offers its customers with the option to repay the credit amount according to their convenience. Every month bank sends a statement contains details of the purchases and cash advances made by the customer in the last 30 days. Then the customers have two options: ? Pay the bill in full within 15 days from statement date. In this case, customers do not have to pay any interest charge for purchases. In case of failure of payment within 45 days, customers have to pay an interest at the rate of 2. 5 percent over the total credit amount and a late payment fee. ? Spread the repayment over a number of months while repaying the bank 10 percent of the outstanding balance in the statement or Taka 500 (whichever is greater) every month. . 2. 2. 2. 5 SCGB Access Card SCGB offers its customers with SCGB Access Card, which allows the customers a 24 hours access SCGB Night and Day banks by providing the services like cash withdrawals, statement requests, balance enquiries, funds transfer between the accounts.

Banks issue the customers with a four digit Personal Identification Number (PIN) at the time of issuing the Access Card. Customers need to enter their PIN every time they use their cards. For security reasons, maximum transaction is Taka 20000 once and you can withdraw many times in a day. SCGB, the pioneer of card services in the country, has achieved a huge success. SCGB has achieved a sharp growth rate in both Silver Visa Card and SCGB Access card and a steady growth rate in Gold Master Card over last three years. SCGB has approximately 52000 cardholders in the year 2002. 2. 2. 2. 3 Special Services Offered by SCGB 2. 2. 2. 3. 1 SCGB Link SCGB Link enables the customers to access the bank accounts from any places through their personal computer. Balance inquiry, account transfer are the main two facilities taken by the customers. 2. 2. 2. 3. 2 SCGB Cheq This service enables SCGB’s corporate customers to automate their cheque payments. It is offered to facilitate preparation, printing, recording, and reconciliation of SCGB’s cheque. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3 Tele-Banking SCGB’s Tele-Banking service provides customers the opportunity to make inquires and service request to the bank over telephone. It supports account balance inquiries, transaction details, exchange rates, interest details, balance certificates, issue of chequebooks, issue of pay order and issue of drafts, advice of stop payments, lost chequebooks and change of address. . 2. 2. 3. 4 Mobile Banking SCGB’s Mobile Bank units are designed to bring banking service to customers doorsteps. It enables the customers to complete their daily banking without visiting the bank. 2. 2. 2. 3. 5 Any Branch Banking SCGB offers its customers with the facility of operating their bank accounts from any of its sales and service centers across the county. This enables customers to meet their countrywide banking needs out of one single account. 2. 2. 2. 3. 6 Premium Banking SCGB provides its top 5 percent clients with premium banking facilities. These 5 percent customers are determined depending on their amount of deposits in the bank.

They receive special treatments from the bank in various banking services; every one of them is issued with a premium Banking Card. Each branch has a separate premium banking section where these cardholders receive quick and specialized service. 2. 2. 2. 3. 7 SCGB Courier SCGB has its own courier service to collect from and delivery documents. 2. 2. 2. 3. 8 International Network Service SCGB has an easy access to international network through its banking correspondence. The bank offers different facilities like trade finance facilities including advising, confirming exports L/Cs and issue of import L/Cs backed by international sales and service center of the bank and correspondent bank network. , bonds and guarantees. It also offers its foreign correspondent customers with current account services where taka settlement is necessary, the ability to issue bonds and guarantees in support of their customer’s business, advising of LC and negotiation documents, market intelligence and status report. 2. 2. 2. 3.. 9 Access Account SCGB has recently launched its latest product, the Access Account, which is a non-chequing savings account. It has been designed to give customers the benefit of day-to-day banking through its ATM network. 3. 0 Working report 3. 1 Introduction During my three months of work experience with Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank on my internship program, I was placed in the Card Service, Motijheel Branch. I joined the program in February 1, 2002. This branch is the main Card Sales and Service Center of Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank as a result I have gathered an important experience of handling a lot of customers in last three months. . 2 Organization Structure of Card Service of Motijheel Branch In this Card Service, the head of consumer banking holds the topmost position in the hierarchy, as the card service falls under the consumer banking.

Then the head of cards holds the second position with 6 subordinate managers. Lastly, some officers are working under these managers. The internal communication among the Bank officials in this branch is supportive. Often, they have very informal discussion about different issues.

Figure 3. 1 Organizational Structure of Card Service Division [pic] Source: Card Service Division . 3 Description of My Task Areas In Standard Chartered Grindlays, my main task was to handle customer over phone, which helped me to gain practical experience on handling different type of customers. This has definitely enriched my practical experience and united to theoretical knowledge. 3. 3. 1 Tasks I performed in Standard Chartered Grindlays, Motijheel Branch 3. 3. 1. 1 Online Customer Service for Credit Card With Credit Card, one can obtain and deposit credit card payments and purchase goods and services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year. The ATM night and day service is used by the holders of VISA and Master Credit cards of Standard Chartered Grindlays bank. To access the credit card a customer must have his or her confidential PIN (Personal Identification Number). So when the cardholder faces problem in using the CC, he or she calls to our call-center and ask for the solution, and we try our level best to help the CC over phone. 3. 3. 1. 1. 1 Hands-on Experience It was a great learning experience for me to hear the problem and giving the solution to the CC over phone. Everyday I faced a lot of problems like card activation, authorization, lost card report, captured card in ATM, balance and payment enquiry, address change and a lot more and gave the solutions to the customers instantly. Handling customers over phone and convincing them with a right solution was really a great experience that will help me in near future regarding customer service. 3. 3. 1. 1. 2 Observation It is my personal observation that everyday a lot of customers call us to solve their problem and the customer feel very confident if we can provide the prompt and right solution. Sometimes they get angry when we fail to solve their problem. So handling customers over phone is a bit challenging and I had many things to learn in the last three months. 3. 3. 1. 2 Other Task Areas ? Delivering different types of forms regarding credit card and helping the customers to fill those forms. ? Preparing the credit card complaint sheet and card activation regularly. ? Providing card numbers to the courier for sending the returned card, pin or other required documents. ? Giving authorization code to the merchants to complete the transaction. Giving advises to the customers regarding the proper use of the cc. 3. 4 Interaction with different levels of bank officials Except from the usual works I had interactions with the managers, officers and my colleagues. 3. 41 Interaction with the Managers In last three months I had attended in a training session and some lecturers were given by the managers. Beside this many I had informal discussions with the managers regarding my problem in handling customers, my mistakes and also about my report.

The managers were very much helpful regarding my problems and other situations. . 42 Interaction with the officers One of the important tasks of the officers is to give some manual inputs into the main system regarding the transaction of the credit card. I used to give the card lists and the complaints of the customers regarding the transaction. 3. 043 Interaction with Colleague Under the direction of managers, and officers of card service, my colleagues and I used to handle customer complaints and provide necessary solutions over phone log the problems in complaint sheet and provide other service regarding cards. 3. 5 Challenges of work Standard Chartered Grindlays being an International Bank has a very friendly and helpful working environment. Being an intern the most challenging work for me was to perform my daily job properly. I had to be very sincere and alert while serving customer as any mistake done by me could do a great harm to the bank and its reputation. The work environment at Standard Chartered Grindlays always provided me with challenge to improve my performance everyday. I was trained to interact with sophisticated customers and to follow bank’s procedures accordingly. 3. 6 Learning Experience I have learned that when the internal communication is effective among the employees within the organization, it tends to encourage employees to perform better and it automatically motivates the employees.

• I learned the importance of detailed data to be gathered from customer while opening a credit card. The validity and the accuracy of the details given offer help the bank in providing fast service.

• I also learned about the latest payment system or about the credit card which is a great knowledge for my near future.

• I learned to work in a group and how to contribute positively to the objective of the group. Standard Chartered has a practice of teamwork in almost each of its specific task.

Working in different groups in different time helped me improve my communication skill.

• Interacting with customers and the techniques applied to deal customers over phone also helped me improve my communication skill.

• I learned that the perception and knowledge I gained from my Business School is of extreme importance. It made me confident, knowledgeable and open minded to new ideas and situation. This may be the reason that I found no problem to work in an absorbing work environment of Standard Chartered Grindlays. . 0 The Research Part 4. 1 Background of the research Standard Chartered Grindlays Bank has widened its credit card customer base in recent years. Again it has also merged with ANZ Grindlays bank. So, the number of customers has grown rapidly due to this merger and continuous marketing effort. Above all the bank’s success in acquiring a broader credit card customer base has created a serious problem in providing the usual fast service that this bank was repute for. A very common sight of SCG these days is continuous customer query over phone. However, infrastructural facilities of the bank to respond to these calls have not been expanded to match the increasing demand. The number of phone lines or the CSA’s and PC has not been increased in proportion to its rising customers. As a result it became a matter of concern for management that whether the bank will be able to maintain its distinctive reputation as a quality service provider or not. On the other hand the reaction of the customers to the banks current standard of service must also be taken into account before it continues to widen its customer base more. Thus, whether or not the bank is continuing its quality service with its booming customer base and the customers’ frequency of using online service and opinion about bank’s current online service standard has become a matter of interest to the bank’s credit card service department. 4. 2 Problem Statement 1 As already mentioned that the number of credit card holders are increasing day by day, but the bank’s resources are not increasing in that pace. So, it has become a great issue to provide the same service like before and to maintain the service quality for which SCG bank is reputed for. Proper utilization of the existing system could be a better alternative than increasing the resources. If findings prove that the existing system is properly utilized but still some new resources are needed than necessary steps could be taken at that point of time. So due to that reason my external supervisor of SCG bank has asked the author to work with the present situation of customer usage of the existing online system and to find out some useful and necessary findings about the existing system. On that perception the author has developed my first research topic that is: Research 1: Analyzing online queries by CC Holders. By analyzing the online queries the effort has been made to find out how frequently the credit card holders are taking the online service.

From this frequency of the customers’ queries, the usage of the existing online service can easily be discovered. Another important finding will come out that is whether the existing resources are properly utilized or not.

And some other valuable information will be revealed that will help the card service department to take necessary steps for the proper usage and improvement of the existing online system. 4. Problem Statement 2 Another very important thing is that, proper utilization of the existing resources always cannot make the customer satisfied. Due to other important factors at the end of the day some companies find its customers dissatisfied. As the author said that it is a very important concern of the bank to see whether their customers are satisfied or not with their existing services. As a statistical saying goes like that – “It is 5 times more difficult to get a new customer than retaining a customer”. So, proper and constant quality service is needed to make the customer satisfied. The author was very much curious about finding the present customer satisfaction regarding the online credit card customer service as it became a challenging issue to continue the quality service to its booming customer base. So, on that perception the author has developed his second research topic that is: Research 2: Evaluating online customer service quality of the credit card as perceived by CC holders. From the above discussion it is very clear that the present customer satisfaction regarding the online customer service regarding credit card has become a very important issue for SCG credit card service department. Here the author has tried to find out the present satisfaction level and the perception of the customer regarding online customer service regarding credit card. 5. 0 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 5. 1 Literature review for research-1 5. 1. 1 Online Customer Service of Credit card Generally online service means providing service to the customer from anywhere in the world. But here the author shortened that wide range of service as SCG bank doesn’t have any international credit card. Here, the author wanted to indicate the customer credit card service over phone as online service regardless from where the customer is calling to the service center.

The SCG bank is providing this online service to the credit card holders from a long time. It also can be said that as the bank is maintaining a data base connected to the main server of Dubai, and the service it is providing to its card holders is based on that database information the term online service can be used here to define that service. So in a gist the service over phone regarding the credit card is defined as the online service of SCG bank. . 1. 2 Customer Query It is now very clear that online service of SCGB provides the information and necessary solutions to the credit card holders whenever a card holder calls to the call center. Everyday many card holders call to the call centre and ask for the information and solution related to their credit card. This is defined as customer query. 5. 1. 3 Different types of customer queries As the author has already said that the credit card holders call to the call center regarding their card problem. So here the author tried to mention the common problems in the following way: 5. 1. 3. 1 Address Change Due to the change in the address, the C/H calls in the call centre to change the old address in the database. 5. 1. 3. 2 Application Status Sometimes people call to the call center to know about the status of their application for the credit card. 5. 1. 3. 3 ATM Problem The ATM card holder as well as the credit card holder calls to the call center when they face problem using ATM machine. 5. 1. 3. 4 Authorization Authorization is needed when the card holder pays his or bill by the credit card in the goods or service centers. In this process the shop keeper calls us to give him a code to accept the transaction of the credit card. 5. 1. 3. Balance Enquiry It is very common that the card holder calls to know the current balance about his credit card account. 5. 1. 3. 6 Campaign related Sometimes new marketing campaign takes place and that’s why the card holders and new customers call to the call center to know about the campaign. 5. 1. 3. 7 Card Activation Normally the SCG Bank send a deactivate card to the card holders for the security purpose. So the card holders call to the call center to activate the card. 5. 1. 3. 8 Card Cancellation Call for card cancellation is very rare and the card holder only calls to cancel the credit card due to some problem or dissatisfaction. . 1. 3. 9 Card problem Card holders sometimes face some card problems like magnetic stripe problem, wrong name embossed in the card and other problems, and that is why they sometimes take the online service 5. 1. 3. 10 Cash Advance The cardholders can withdraw cash from the ATM machine by using the PIN number. But sometimes they withdraw cash from the branch and at that time the branch people calls to the call center for the authorization code for the valid cash transaction like shops. 5. 1. 3. 11 Disputed Transaction Sometimes C/H calls for correcting the transaction of the credit card that has not taken place. . 1. 3. 12 Delivery/ Courier Problem From the beginning SCG bank has been using its personal courier service for the better and quick delivery of its necessary documents. Due to some reasons sometimes the cardholders do not get the documents regarding the credit card.

Then they take the help of the online service and ask to solve that problem. 5. 1. 3. 13 Fee/Charges Waving Request Another very common problem for which the C/H takes the help of the online service that is the extra fee or charges waving request that is charged and the C/H is not liable to pay that. 5. 1. 3. 14 Limit enhancement After using the card for using 6 months the C/H can apply for the enhancement of their credit limit and it takes 3 to 4 weeks to verify that application. So during this time the cardholder takes the help of online service to know the status of his limit enhance process. Again some C/H wants to know the procedure regarding the limit enhancement. 5. 1. 3. 15 Lost Card Pick pocketing is a very common accident and sometimes the C/H faces this problem that his or her credit card has stolen. So they call in the call center to take necessary action for this problem. 5. 1. 3. 16 Merchant Related The shopkeepers who use our credit card punching machine to provide the credit card payment facility to its customers sometimes face problems regarding their payment and machine. For this reason they take the help of our online customer service. 5. 1. 3. 17 Online Down The online machine for taking the payment by credit card sometimes do malfunctions and for that reason the merchant complain and inform the bank by calling in the online customer service. 5. 1. 3. 18 Payment Related Sometimes the C/H faces problem regarding the payment and for that they take the SCG online service. 5. 1. 3. 9 Pin Problem Pin is a secured number that is provided to use the credit card in the ATM machine. Sometimes C/H forgets the PIN; sometimes they do not get the PIN and faces lot more problems regarding PIN number.

Then they take the online service. 5. 1. 3. 20 Product Related Queries Especially new cardholders do this kind of queries over phone to know how to use the credit card and its other features. 5. 1. 3. 21 Replacement Problem For the lost card, expired card, problematic card the C/H wants the replacement of the existing credit card and for this reason sometimes they take the service. . 1. 3. 22 Reverse Authorization Reverse authorization takes place when the merchant wants to cancel the previous transaction. So they call and ask for the reverse authorization through the existing online service. 5. 1. 3. 23 Statement Related Problem Cardholders sometime do queries regarding their statement that the bank sends them as a summary of their transaction in a particular month. 5. 1. 3. 24 Others Other calls like personal calls, wrong numbers, and calls to know other information other than card takes place in a working day. Based on these different types of customer query the author developed a tabulation sheet to know the customer present query pattern and frequency of taking the help by using existing online credit card service. 5. 2 Literature review for research-2 5. 2. 1 Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is really hard to define as many factors have a great influence on it. With the help of a research paper the author has developed a diagram related to customer satisfaction. WHAT IS CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Performance < Expected Dissatisfaction Performance = Expected Satisfaction Performance < Expected Delight . 2. 1. 1 Factors influencing customer satisfaction As already mentioned that, there are many factors that influence the customer satisfaction. The factors are given below with the help of a diagram: 5. 2. 1. 1. 1 Service Quality and its Dimensions Service quality is one of the important factors that influence customer satisfaction. Researchers and managers of service firms concur that service quality involves a comparison of expectations with performance. According to Lewis and Booms “Service quality is a measure of how well the service level delivered matches customer expectations. Delivering quality service means confirming to customer expectations on a consistent basis”. This service quality has some dimensions that are presented in a diagram beside: So, by this diagram the author tried to show the 7 dimensions of service quality and they are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangibles, access and lastly courtesy. Based on these dimensions the author has developed the questionnaire and tried to find out the present service quality that is perceived by the customer of the credit card. 5. 3 Hypotheses Development Hypothesis, from statistics point of view are assumptions or theories that a researcher or manager makes about some characteristics of the population under study.

The intern used the above mentioned constructs to develop hypothesis for the customer satisfaction of the online service. 5. 3. 1 Research-1 In doing research-1, no hypothesis was developed, as it was a tabulation of the customer queries in a particular. In this research the author has emphasized on the findings only. 5. 3. 2 Hypothesis Statement-1 and Constructive / Conceptual Definitions of the constructs The author has used a research paper that was done on customer satisfaction as reference for the second research, and has found out 7 dimensions to measure service quality (as mentioned in literature review). So, the author developed 6 hypothesis statements by leaving one dimension tangible as this dimension has a very little importance in online credit card customer service. So the 6 hypothesis statements are developed as follows: 5. 3. 2. 1 Reliability Reliability is the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. So the hypothesis is as follows 1. a) If reliability is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. ) If reliability is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. 5. 3. 2. 2 Responsiveness Responsiveness is the willingness to help customers and provide prompt service. So the hypothesis is follows 2. a) If responsiveness is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. b) If responsiveness is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. 5. 3. 2. 3 Assurance Assurance can be defined as the knowledge and courtesy of employees and their ability to convey trust and confidence. 3. a) If assurance is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. b) If assurance is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. . 3. 2. 4 Empathy Empathy is the caring, individual attention that a firm provides its customers. So the hypothesis is follows 4. a) If empathy is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. b) If empathy is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. 5. 3. 2. 5 Tangibles Tangibles include the physical facilities, equipment, and appearance of personnel of a service provided by an organization. As it is quite irrelevant with the study, it is ignored. 5. 3. 2. 6 Access Access involves the approachability and ease to contact for getting the service whenever the customer needs the service. So the hypothesis is follows . a) If access is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. b) If access is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. 5. 3. 2. 7 Courtesy Courtesy involves politeness, respect, consideration, and friendliness of contact personnel of a service system. So the hypothesis is follows 6. a) If courtesy is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. b) If courtesy is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. All the satisfaction factors averaged value will be tested with the following hypothesis to test overall satisfaction. 7. a) If the average satisfaction is greater than 3, the customers are atisfied. b) If average satisfaction is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. 5. 3. 3 Operational Definitions The operational definitions of the dimensions or the constructs are given below: 5. 3. 3. 1 Reliability

• Providing service as promised

• Dependability in handling customers’ service problems

• Providing services right the first time.

• Providing services at the promised time.

• Maintaining all of free records accurately. 5. 3. 3. 2 Responsiveness

• Keeping customers’ informed as to when services will be performed

• Prompt service to customers ( sending bill ) Willingness to help customers ( calling back)

• Readiness to respond to cutomers’ requests 5. 3. 3. 3 Assurance

• Employees who instill confidance in customers

• Making customers feel safe in their transactions

• Employees who are consistently courteous.

• Employees who have the knowledge to answer customer questions.

• Physical Safety 5. 3. 3. 4 Empathy

• Giving customers individual attention

• Employees who deal with customers’ in a caring fashion ( recognising regular customer)

• Having the customer’s best interest at heart.

• Employees who understand the need of their customers

• Convenient business hours. . 3. 3. 5 Tangibles

• Modern equipment

• Visually apealing facilities (plastic credit card)

• Employees who have a real, professional appearance

• Visually appealing materials associated with the service. 5. 3. 3. 6 Access

• The service is easily accessible by telephone ( lines are not busy and don’t put you on hold)

• Waiting time to receive service is not expensive

• Convenient time of operation

• Convenient location of service facility 5. 3. 3. 7 Courtesy

• Politeness, respect, consideration and freindliness

• Clean and neat appearance of public contact personnel.

• Consideration for the consumer’s property. . 4 Hypothesis Development (Null Hypothesis and Alternative Hypothesis) In the hypothesis statement part the author has mentioned about 6 hypothesis statements and from those statements the author has developed “Null Hypothesis (Ho), and “Alternative Hypothesis (Ha)” for each statement.

Null hypothesis is the statement that the researcher wants to prove untrue and Alternative Hypothesis is the statement that the researcher wants to prove to be true. They are mentioned as follows: 1. a) If reliability is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If reliability is greater than 3. , the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 2. a) If responsiveness is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied.

Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If responsiveness is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 3. a) If assurance is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If assurance is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 4. a) If empathy is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If empathy is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 5. a) If access is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied.

Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If access is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 6. a) If courtesy is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If courtesy is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 7. a) If average satisfaction is greater than 3, the customers are satisfied.

Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 b) If average satisfaction is greater than 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5. 5 Questionnaire Development For the first research part a tabulation sheet has been developed based on the different customer queries and a sample of that tabulation sheet is given in the appendix part of this report. Again for the second research, based on the operational definition of the constructs a questionnaire has been developed and a sample is given in the appendix-b part of this report. 5. 6 Methodology The developed hypothesis has been tested with the help of Z-test and regression. Microsoft Excel XP and SPSS 11. 0 these two software were used to do these tests. 5. 7 Limitations Many other statistical tools could be used but due to time constraints and lack of knowledge it was not done. And other few scopes of going in depth of the collected data were not possible for the same reason.

The software complexity was another reason for not doing the complex calculation of the collected data. 6. 0 Data Analysis 6. 1 Findings of the customer query tabulation To know the customers’ query frequency of online service of credit card provided by SCG, a tabulation sheet has been developed and followed for 15 days. After analyzing those sheets, different information have been found and discussed in this part. . 1. 1 Customer query variation As the intern mentioned that normally 24 types of customer query comes everyday in the online service. So, he analyzed those problems based on holidays and workings days. 6. 1. 1. 1 Customer queries in holiday Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query type in the holiday Figure 6. 1 Customer Query Type in Holidays Source: Primary Source Here, it is clear that authorization (79%), balance enquiry (9%), card activation (4%), payment related queries (2%) and others (2%) are the main customer queries in holidays. 6. 1. 1. 2 Customer queries in working day Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query type in the working day.

Figure 6. 2 Customer Query Type in Working days Source: Primary Source Here, it is clear that authorization (50%), balance enquiry (13%), card activation (9%), cash advance(5%), application status(4%), limit enhancement(2%), merchant related (2%), others(2%), payment related queries (2%), pin problem (2%), and ATM problem(2%) are the main customer queries in the holidays. 6. 1. 1. 3 Customer queries in general Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query type in general. Figure 6. 3 Customer Query Type in General Source: Primary Source Here, it is clear that authorization (54%), balance enquiry (12%), card activation (9%), cash advance(4%), application status(4%), limit enhancement(2%), merchant related (2%), others(2%) are the main customer queries in the general. 6. 1. 1. 4 Analysis of the findings Here, we can see that in comparison to holidays more problems like cash advance, application status, limit enhancement, merchant, payment, ATM, and pin related problem came up, because these problems can be solved in the working days. And in general authorization, balance enquiry, card activation, cash advance, application status, limit enhancement, merchant related, and others are the common queries faced in online service. 6. 1. 2 Customer query frequency Here, the intern wanted to find out the customer calling frequency in different time slots of the day. It is very true that customer doesn’t call all the day. So, in some particular time slot they call in the online service and ask for the solution. So in the next session the intern tried to find out the calling frequency based on holiday, working day and in general. . 1. 2. 1 Customer query frequency in holiday Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query frequency in the holiday Figure 6. 4 Customer Query frequency in Holidays Source: Primary Source Here, from the pie chart it is very clear that 19% of the total call occurs from 7pm to 9pm, 17% occurs from 5pm to 7pm, 15% occurs in 3pm to 5pm and 11am to 1pm and 11% occurs in 1pm to 3pm time slot. Others are low in comparison to these rush time slots. 6. 1. 2. 2 Customer query frequency in working day Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query frequency in the working day. Figure 6. 5 Customer Query frequency in Working days Source: Primary Source Here, from the pie chart it is very clear that 19% of the total call occurs from 7pm to 9pm, 17% occurs from 5pm to 7pm, 15% occurs in 3pm to 5pm and 11am to 1pm and 11% occurs in 1pm to 3pm time slot. Others are low in comparison to these rush time slots. 6. 1. 2. 3 Customer query frequency in general Here, a graph below is given to visualize the customer query frequency in general.

Figure 6. Customer Query frequencies in general Source: Primary Source Here, from the pie chart it is very clear that 19% of the total call occurs from 7pm to 9pm, 17% occurs from 5pm to 7pm, 15% occurs in 3pm to 5pm and 11am to 1pm and 11% occurs in 1pm to 3pm time slot. Others are low in comparison to these rush time slots. 6. 1. 2. 4 Analysis of the findings In holidays till 11am and 1pm -3pm calls are low, as this is the rest time. But from 11am to 1pm and from 3pm to till 11pm the calling frequency is very high as the customer goes out and sometimes stay home and solve the problem. But in working days rush hour is from 9am to 9pm. And after 9pm the calling frequency goes down. Customer from the office and their housewives from shopping or home calls up in working days, so the pressure is pretty high. But in general the rush hour is from 9am to 9pm and gradually it decreases and there are hardly few calls during the night after 1pm. In general 3pm to 5pm is the peak time slot. 6. 1. 3 Customer query variation and frequency Here, the intern wanted to find out the customer calling variation and frequency in different time slots of the day. . 1. 3. 1 Customer query frequency and variation in holiday A graph below is given to visualize the customer query frequency and variation in the holiday Figure 6. 7 Customer Query frequency and variation in Holidays Source: Primary Source From the graph we can say that authorization and balance enquiry were the common problem.

The others are very less in compare to these two. 6. 1. 3. 2 Customer query frequency and variation in working day A graph is given to visualize the customer query frequency and variation in working day. Figure 6. Customer Query frequency and variation in working days Source: Primary Source From the graph we can say not only authorization and balance enquiry like holiday but also card activation, cash advance, application status, limit enhancement, and others were the common problem. 6. 1. 3. 3 Analysis of the findings In holidays authorization takes place in every slot of time from morning to night and it reaches to its peak in 3pm to 5pm slot. Problems related to working days like cash advance does not take place. Except authorization and lost card report there is no call after 11pm in holidays. Lost card report is a very irregular phenomenon because nobody knows then it will occur.

One important thing is that online machine down in holidays is a big problem for the online service. Now in case of working days the authorization and ATM problem take place in every slot like holidays. Address change, application status, card cancellation, campaign and product related queries, limit enhancement, online down, statement or payment related problem, reverse auth, pin problems very rarely come after 9pm. As branches close at 3pm the cash advance does not take place after that. Mainly authorization, ATM problem, balance enquiry, card activation, and lost card report are the main problems that come in the SCG online service round the clock. 6. 3 Hypothesis Testing Many hypothesis-testing techniques are there, such as t-test, chi-square test, ANOVA and so on. In this report the author has selected “z-test”, the most common and applicable on to test his hypotheses. 6. 3. 1 Calculation of value of Z The author has calculated the value of “z” for the z-test and all the values are given in a tabular form in the index. 6. 3. 2 Hypothesis testing for reliability Here the intern first tried to test whether the customers are very satisfied or normal satisfied. If he got the result that, the customers are not very satisfied then he tried to test whether the customers are satisfied or not. 1. b) If reliability is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Reliability |3. 82 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Reliability |0. 6 | |Hypothesized Mean for Reliability |3. 50 | |Z-Score |3. 49 | |Z-Critical |3. 68 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is less than z-critical and it falls in the acceptance region. So here the null hypothesis is accepted by rejecting the alternative hypothesis. As the customers are not very satisfied he looked for the satisfied customer. 1. ) If reliability is greater than or equal to 3, the customers are satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 |Factor Average of Reliability |3. 82 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Reliability |0. 66 | |Hypothesized Mean for Reliability |3. 00 | |Z-Score |8. 6 | |Z-Critical |3. 18 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are satisfied.

Explanation of the finding Here we saw that the customers are not very satisfied. And in the findings of the survey (Appendix-A) we can see that only 14% strongly agreed that they are getting promised service, 16% strongly agreed about service at the first call and getting service in promised time. One thing is remarkably noticeable that 52% strongly agreed about getting the accurate information.

Only providing accurate information rather than providing first call, promised service will not highly satisfy customer. 6. 3. 3 Hypothesis testing for responsiveness 2. b) If responsiveness is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Responsiveness |3. 89 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Responsiveness |0. 8 | |Hypothesized Mean for Responsiveness |3. 50 | |Z-Score |4. 07 | |Z-Critical |3. 69 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are very satisfied. As the customers are very satisfied the intern didn’t go for testing the 2. a no hypothesis for average satisfied customer. Explanation of the finding Here we saw that the customers are very satisfied. According to the survey findings (appendix-a) customers’ 58% strongly agree response about our helping tendency is a remarkable response.

And average 50% agree response regarding prompt service, prepared service, and service performed time made hem very satisfied. 6. 3. 4 Hypothesis testing for assurance 3. b) If assurance is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Assurance |4. 25 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Assurance |0. 54 | |Hypothesized Mean for Assurance |3. 0 | |Z-Score |9. 92 | |Z-Critical |3. 65 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are very satisfied. As the customers are very satisfied the intern didn’t go for testing the 3. no hypothesis for average satisfied customer. Explanation of the finding Customers’ 66% strongly acceptance (appendix-a) of feeling it as secured system, 34% strongly acceptance of feeling confident by getting service, and 38% strongly acceptance of getting right solution made them very satisfied. 6. 3. 5 Hypothesis testing for empathy 4. b) If empathy is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Empathy |4. 9 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Empathy |0. 47 | |Hypothesized Mean for Empathy |3. 50 | |Z-Score |10. 28 | |Z-Critical |3. 63 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are very satisfied. As the customers are very satisfied the intern didn’t go for testing the 4. a no hypothesis for average satisfied customer. Explanation of the finding Customers’ 50% strongly acceptance (appendix-a) of feeling that we understand their problem, 42% strongly acceptance of feeling our caring made them very satisfied. . 3. 6 Hypothesis testing for accessibility 5. a) If access is greater than or equal to 3, the customers are satisfied.

Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 0 |Factor Average of Accessibility |3. 02 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Accessibility |0. 44 | |Hypothesized Mean for Accessibility |3. 0 | |Z-Score |0. 24 | |Z-Critical |3. 12 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is very less than z-critical and it falls in the acceptance region. So here the null hypothesis is accepted by rejecting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are not satisfied in this regard. Explanation of the finding Customers’ 82% strongly negative response (appendix-a) of getting the phone free at the first time, only 30% strong positive response feeling the service expensive, and only 24% strong response about the satisfactory access made them dissatisfied. 6. 3. 7 Hypothesis testing for courteousness 6. b) If courtesy is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied. Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Courteousness |4. 33 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Courteousness |0. 3 | |Hypothesized Mean for Courteousness |3. 50 | |Z-Score |9. 23 | |Z-Critical |3. 68 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are very satisfied. As the customers are very satisfied the intern didn’t go for testing the 6. a no hypothesis for average satisfied customer. Explanation of the finding Customers’ 52% strongly positive response (appendix-a) of our politeness over phone, 50% strong response of thinking us helpful, 42% strong response that greeted warmly and lastly 44% strong response of getting satisfactory behavior over phone made them very satisfied. 6. . 8 Hypothesis testing for average satisfaction 7. b) If average satisfaction is greater than or equal to 3. 5, the customers are very satisfied.

Null HypothesisHo ( 3. 5 |Factor Average of Overall Satisfaction |4. 14 | |Factor Standard Deviation of Overall Satisfaction |0. 68 | |Hypothesized Mean for Overall Satisfaction |3. 0 | |Z-Score |6. 68 | |Z-Critical |3. 69 | From the table it is very clear that z-score is greater than z-critical and it falls in the rejection region. So here the null hypothesis is rejected by accepting the alternative hypothesis. So he found that the customers are very satisfied. As the customers are very satisfied the intern didn’t go for testing the 7. no hypothesis for average satisfied customer. Explanation of the finding So at the end of the last hypothesis test we found that the customers are very satisfied though they are not highly satisfied. Satisfaction in reliability, very much satisfaction in responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and courteousness made them very satisfied. 6. 3. 9 Multiple Linear Regression (R2) A multiple linear regression calculation is done and described below. Normally regression is done to analyze how a single dependent variable is affected by the values of one or more independent variables. 0. 445297(m6) |0. 233849(m5) |0. 272201(m4) |-0. 08952(m3) |0. 146248(m2) |0. 320827(m1) |-1. 04632 (b) | |0. 117393(se6) |0. 138357(se5) |0. 162251(se4) |0. 145013(se3) |0. 114264(se2) |0. 133686(se1) |0. 708944(seb) | |0. 683417(r2) |0. 407187(sev) |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A | |15. 709(F) |43(df) |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A | |15. 39055(ssreg) |7. 129448(ssresid) |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |#N/A |

Did you like this example?

Intern Report on Standard Chartered Bank. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Prejudice Paper

The Prejudice Paper I have chosen the topic The everyday nature of prejudice. There are many forms of prejudice. Some people are just born with or raised with a prejudice. During the war, Americans became prejudiced against the Japanese. They used racial slurs and violence to get rid of and exclude the Japanese. They were all moved to internment camps and some were killed. Families were torn apart. The Japanese were put through many hardships, and when they were able to return, they were only slowly accepted. The three main types of prejudice are Racism, Sexism, and Ageism. The first type of prejudice is Racism. This is a belief that you are better than other people based solely on their race or religion. I am sorry to say that racism was very prominent in the United States, and though it has calmed down a bit, is still a problem today. Some white people still hate black people and I'm sure there are some blacks who hate whites, too. Religions have also been attacked. The Mormons were persecuted and forced to move west when they were rejected by other people. The Jews were attacked for just being Jews. When this was happening in Germany, the U. S. A tried to stop it. However, at the same time, the United States were detaining the Japanese. That is just not right. The second type of prejudice is Sexism. This is the belief that you are better or smarter than another person based on whether they are a man or woman. This form of prejudice is mainly found in boys and men. They feel that, because they are mostly stronger, that they are overly superior to women. That is not the case. I have been looking around and I find that girls mainly get better grades in school. Also, just because someone is a different sex, it doesn't make them any less important or inferior. Women beat men in about half of the Olympic sports. Men are usually better weight lifters and women are usually better at gymnastics. These are just generalities though. They are not set in stone. Third, but not any less significant, is the prejudice Ageism. The definition for Ageism is discrimination against persons of a certain age group. This is like a young teen disliking a person just because they are old or young. The reason I say "teen" is because that is where I believe most of the Ageism comes from. This is not a major problem though. In fact, it is relatively tame in comparison to the first two discussed prejudices. It is also used slightly in theme parks. The managers of the park don't want little kids on some rides even if they are tall enough. I think that Ageism is not a very prominent thing in our society today. It's not visible to me, but it is still there. In conclusion, I would like to say that we, the people of America, need to understand our differences and accept them. To carry prejudices against other people just for being different hurts all of us. We should remember past history lessons of prejudice and never let it happen again. We don't want to be treated unfairly, so why do we treat others unfairly? I would like to remind you of my main message which is this: the three main types of prejudice are Racism, Sexism, and Ageism. I hope that you never feel like you are better than anyone else who is a different race, religion, sex, or age than you are. Don't let something that silly tear people apart.

Did you like this example?

Prejudice Paper. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Informed Citizenry

“An informed citizenry will benefit from applying both creative thinking and critical thinking in solving the challenges of our society. ” The definition of an informed citizen is having sufficient and sufficiently reliable information or knowledge to be able to understand a subject or situation and make appropriate judgments or decisions regarding it. If I had to have a personal definition on an informed citizen I would say that it means involving ourselves with the overall knowledge of politics to the point that we can exercise our views and opinions in a responsible way.

The definition for creative is using or showing use of the imagination to create new ideas or things.

The definition for critical thinking is disciplined intellectual criticism that combines research, knowledge of historical context, and balanced judgment. To really evaluate those words should be the first approach to changing yourself. I say that because if a person did not possess any of those qualities, then they should because the opportunities that those two words contain are limitless. When the topic of politics comes up in a discussion, it is almost like having a discussion about religion. What I mean by that is whenever a discussion on religion or politics comes up; people get into these deep discussions about what’s right and what’s wrong.

No matter how close you are to your friends or family, this discussion usually draws opinions out into the open that cause conflict.

In general I would say that this is a normal outcome because as human beings it is natural to have opinions and it’s our right to express them freely. Just because we have the right to express our opinion, does that mean that we should express it? Being an informed citizen should be the first thing to do when getting into a discussion about politics.

I know that many people have heard the saying “knowledge is power”, well the fact of the matter is, that’s true. Education is just the basics of becoming an informed citizen. You have to be able to absorb everything around you about everything and be able to tie it into one summary efficiently. You can tell the difference between a random somebody and an informed citizen expressing their opinions.

Could you imagine what the world would be like if more than half of the population was considered informed citizens. Well if you think that is crazy, let’s take it up a notch and imagine if all the informed citizens used critical and creative thinking towards solving challenges in our society.

The opportunities will always be limitless, when it comes to informed citizenry. Politics have like an unspoken code that really requires a lot in order to be listened to. Education is a key factor when it comes too really to having an opportunity to be heard. I personally feel that the government is well aware of the fact that most people are not informed citizens.

Also I feel they know that we will always have our own opinion, but the government knows that people will not do nothing about it because people don’t know how to. There are many challenges in society that honestly do need attention, but it seems like it’s the same story over and over; war first! To a lot of people, politics are a boring subject. Why do we think this is boring when it constantly affects us everyday in everything that we do? Well I guess that is because the government is good at playing the background and letting us think that things are they way they are and will not change. For example, I personally have not seen more people mad at the government and ready to give them a piece of their mind since the whole gas crisis.

If we, as Americans, took more care in ourselves and considered ourselves to be informed citizens and critical and creative thinkers, we would be in a way better position.

When it comes to creative and critical thinking it goes far beyond the government and politics. There are also other topics that affect us that the government has their hands in. For example education is a very big challenge that we face on a day to day basis in America. It is simple to see that there are some cities that are not providing sufficient education for our youth. How unfair we all see this to be, but what can we say we have done.

That is where critical thinking comes into play. I mean that is only if you want to have a helping hand in changing your own future.

One thing I will admit is I have totally missed out on a lot of opportunities because I bit my tongue. Until today I never heard of informed citizenry and I wonder how many other people out there don’t know what that is. Not knowing something is a big disadvantage with this society. They preach very hard about education and how everybody would go to school and make something of themselves.

What people don’t know is that there is more too it than just an education, its about learning everything not just a trade.

I had to do a great amount of research to get a good understanding on what it means to be an informed citizen. The definition for creative is using or showing use of the imagination to create new ideas or things. The definition for critical thinking is disciplined intellectual criticism that combines research, knowledge of historical context, and balanced judgment. To really evaluate those words should be the first approach to changing yourself. I say that because if a person did not possess any of those qualities, then they should because the opportunities that those two words contain are limitless.

Did you like this example?

Informed Citizenry. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

The Cac and Importance of Pii

The CAC and the importance of PII The department of defense starting using the Common Access Card or CAC in the spring of 2001. The CAC is used to enable physical access to building, installations, and controlled spaces, and is used to securely access unclassified information systems and applications that link the Department's computer networks. It also allows users to log on to their computer, encrypt e-mail, or digitally sign documents. Which if that that was not enough to insure the fact that it needs to constantly accountable for the CAC holds various forms of PII. The CAC contains a soldier’s first, middle, and last names, person designator code, rank, Social Security Number, Geneva Convention Category, date of birth, organ donor information, and blood type. Not to mention the chip is embedded with such information as , organ donor information, Public Key Infrastructure, certificates such as ID, e-mail, and encryption, private authentication materials, date of birth, meal entitlement code, exchange code, commissary code, Morale, Welfare, and Recreation code (in order to distinguish ability to use specific athletic facilities), end date for your CAC non-medical benefits eligibility end calendar date, entitlement condition code, benefit end date, branch of service, personnel category (such as civilian, active duty, etc. , Government Agency Code, pay category, pay grade, three-digit service short name, and card management information like when it expires. With all that information there is no question that if it falls into the wrong hands the results could be rather hazardous which is what the CAC is embedded with a verification code which has the be at least 6 numbers long. This code must be input every time you log into a computer or if your CAC has been removed for the computer. I have always believed that in order to know the importance of something you first have to know what it is that you have. I have been in possession of a CAC card for the past three years and never even knew what CAC stood for. Which is why I am glad that I got this assignment. I have had time to do some research and really realized what’s at stake and just how important the accountability of my PII really is. After all it is my identity. When someone has you identity that have your life just without all the responsibility. With all that information someone could get a credit card in my name ruin my credit which in turn could ruin my security clearance which in turn could ruin my job. The possibilities are endless what one could do. There is a lot more at stake then the little card that takes like ten minutes to make and replace. It’s my life that I carry around in my pocket. It’s more important than had even imagined and I have learned a real lesson. I am no good at essays or English and I hope know that I have learned my lesson and it won’t happen again. I tried really hard to fulfill my requirements for this essay but I really have nothing more to say on the subject other than I’m sorry. I realize that I was in the wrong and it will not happen again.

Did you like this example?

The Cac and Importance of Pii. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Trust Affect Interpersonal Relationships

How Trust Affects Interpersonal Relationships MGT 521 Management June 15, 2010 Dr. Michael A. Barker SPHR How Trust Affects Interpersonal Relationships Teck-Hua Hohas, with Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, California, and Keith Weigelt, with The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania conducted a laboratory investigation entitled Trust Building Among Strangers, (MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, Vol. 51, No. 4, April 2005, pp. 519–530, issn 0025-1909 eissn 1526-5501 05 5104 0519). The article directly relates to the experience of working within a newly established learning team, and establishing trust among team members. The laboratory based investigation was structured in the form of a multistage game entitled: The Trust Building Game (Ho & Weigelt, 2005), whereas the players had to opportunity to achieve social gains only if the players trust each other in each stage, without knowing the identity of the other players. The theory of the game ‘assumes all players are opportunistic and untrustworthy and thus should zero trust for others’ (Ho & Weigelt, 2005). Trust Building Game (Ho & Weigelt, 2005) examines how the intentions of those who trust others affect credibility, if people are trusting or trustworthiness, and the evolution of trust. The question was asked: “When working in teams, is trust assumed or do team members have to earn trust? ” (MGT 521 Management Course Syllabus, University of Phoenix, 2010, p 14). The concept of trust, especially among strangers was viewed by social sciences, psychologist, sociologist, and economists. Their opinions varied from some psychologists viewing trust as being ‘the hallmark of social adjustment (Gurtman 1992) and that without it neuroses prevail. ’ (Ho & Weigelt, 2005), to some economists viewing trust ‘rationally and posit people only trust when it pays them to do so’ (Ho & Weigelt, 2005), (Camerer and Weigelt 1988, Berg et al. 1995). The results from The Trust Building Game, (Ho & Weigelt, 2005), demonstrated that players were more willing to trust when they felt certain of the other players’ intention, and more reluctant to trust in later stages of the game. Therefore, when working in teams, trust is initially assumed. As the team continues to work together, trust is either gained or discharged. During the Trust Building Game, (Ho & Weigelt, 2005), although the majority of the players were not able to claim the entire prize of the social gains, there was some degree of trusting behaviors. Now let us consider how to keep or rebuild trust among team members, when trust is lost while working in teams. Trust is typically lost among team members over time through a series of missed obligations, in addition to poor and/or unclear communication. The lost of trust among team members will negatively affect the entire team effort, project outcome, and bottom line. Because of the increased in interdependencies among organizations worldwide, it is likely that work arounds due to the lack of team trust will incur costs for the organizations in the form of lost productivity, duplicated, wasted, or reworked tasks (Willard, 1999). Therefore, once team trust becomes an issue, each team member must commit to taking take another risk in the team relationship, thereby allowing each member to become vulnerable to one another. Vital to team trust are dependence, reliance, and faith. Therefore, this sincere offer of vulnerability each team member brings to rebuilding the team relationships is a critical element in the trust building process (Willard, 1999). At this time, each member must be able to admit to prior mistakes, and commit to continually checking with team members about assumptions and new commitments in addition to regularly checking-in to keep the team relationship on track. References Willard, M. (1999). BUILDING TRUST-The relationship between trust and high performance. Retrieved from https://www. paclink. com/~axis/M7trust. html, BUILDING TRUST The relationship between trust and high performance, Copyright 1999 AXIS Performance Advisors, Inc. Ho, T. & Weigelt, K. (April 2005). «MANAGEMENT SCIENCE», Vol. 51, No. 4, April 2005, pp. 519–530, issn 0025-1909,[pic] eissn 1526-5501 [pic] 05 [pic] 5104 [pic] 0519 Barker SPHR, D. A. (2010). MGT 521 Management Course Syllabus. «Response Questions, 1»(1), p14.

Did you like this example?

Trust Affect Interpersonal Relationships. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

Understanding Movies

'Understanding movies' was the most interesting class which I have ever taken. People expect many advantages from taking various classes. Some people want to take a sports class to have fun while other people like a science class to enlarge their knowledge. In my case, I could get both entertainment and knowledge form the movie class. Through the use of a couple of examples and specific explanation, I will demonstrate why I liked the movie class most. First, 'Understanding movies' was enjoyable. School life was always stressful. Whenever I was sick and tired of my major classes such as math, economics and so on, I could relax myself in the movie class. One day, I was so stressed out because I failed a quiz in my math class. But the movie class showed 'Dead poet's society', which gave me a lesson. While I saw some young high school students trying to find the real value of lives, my stress had done away. Movie class entertained me whenever I felt bad during my university days. Second, the movie class allowed me to have much valuable knowledge. In the movies, there are so many kinds of people, history and culture. When I saw the movie, 'Modern times' by Charlie Chaplin, I could learn the situation of the United States in the early nineteenth century. Before I saw the movie, I did not know what exactly happened during The Great Depression in the U. S.. The movie class was one of the best sources of my knowledge. I really loved that movie class not only it was enjoyable but also it enlarged my knowledge. Since I found some advantages of watching movies, I have seen so many films that changed my major to film making. I hope that I can take one more chance to attend a movie class in the Unite States. The movie class was the most exciting class

Did you like this example?

Understanding Movies. (2017, Sep 20). Retrieved November 5, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2017/09/page/15/

A Prisoners Tale of Prison

References

Cite this page

Cleopatra’s Legacy: Unveiling the Truth Behind her Tragic End

Cite this page

S. Truett Cathy: Character in Leadership

Cite this page

What is Good Art

Citations

Cite this page

The Best Sandwich Ever

Cite this page

A Sound of the Thunder

Cite this page

Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning

Cite this page

Canyon Ranch Institute

Cite this page

“The most Dangerous Game” Summary

Cite this page

Juvenile Delinquent Definition Essay

Cite this page

The Benefits of Physical Activity for Physical & Mental Health

Cite this page

Roly Poly Lab

Cite this page

Justify the Means

Cite this page

How to Make Puppy Chow?

Cite this page

Business Plan for Room for Dessert

Cite this page

Life of Vlad the Impaler

Cite this page

Sensory Deficit of Touch, its Pain and Acupuncture

Cite this page

Compare and Contrast between the Ancient River Valley Civilizations

Cite this page

Raymond Carver’s what we Talk about when we Talk about Love

Cite this page

Existential Psychology

Cite this page

Ethical Relativism

Cite this page

“The Marriage of Heaven and Hell”

Cite this page

Interpretation of Gertrude in Hamlet

Cite this page

Emily Dickinson’s View of Death

Cite this page

Intern Report on Standard Chartered Bank

Cite this page

Prejudice Paper

Cite this page

Informed Citizenry

Cite this page

The Cac and Importance of Pii

Cite this page

Trust Affect Interpersonal Relationships

Cite this page

Understanding Movies

Cite this page