Month: September 2017
Is Homework Harmful
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Masculinity of Mike Tyson
“Iron Mike” Events, icons, technology, and environment affect the male population in America. Most males have a person they look up to for inspirations and motivations. Males want to be tough and strong, and they want to be feared by other males.
Males enjoy being better than everyone else and impressing women. When a successful male icon experiences a downfall, most men are shocked and fear for their own downfall. Mike Tyson is an example of a successful male whose downfall became a public spectacle for all to witness. Tyson, once a popular male icon, soon affected the male population while building his own criminal record. The fight of Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield demonstrates how far a man will go to obtain the title of the “Iron Man. ” Mike Tyson’s negative and criminal behavior adversely affects males by glorifying violence and embodying a mentality that implies any means is permissible in pursuit of victory. Mike Tyson had a rough and difficult childhood.
Tyson’s humble beginnings encouraged him to get to the top and create a name for himself. His parents divorced after he was born, and his mom never remarried.
This created an unstable environment for a child to grow up. Due to his mom’s meager income, she was forced to raise her son in Brownsville, NY, a city ranked as one of the most violent ghettos in the country (Mollett 1). As a result, Mike Tyson had to learn to deal with violence. At a young age, Mike Tyson became a member of one of the local gangs known as the “Jolly Stompers” (Mollett). Once a member of the gang, Tyson’s behavior digressed causing him to get in trouble with the law and be sent to detention centers various times. After several short stints in correctional facilities, he was finally sent to a detention center in upstate New York. At this point, his mother had come to grips that she could no longer control her son. While in the upstate detention center, Tyson tried breaking loose and it took several men to take him down, and he had to be put away in handcuffs. Such misbehavior was a repeating pattern, and it resulted in him being “violent, depressed, and mute,” which explains his carelessness towards his wrongful behavior in society (Mollette 2). Because violence was, something he faced every day, Mike Tyson never questioned whether it was right or wrong.
Mike Tyson’s criminal behavior started to change once he met Bobby Stewart, a former boxer. Tyson asked his councilor at the detention center if he could have the opportunity to meet with Bobby Stewart. Tyson asked Bobby if he could be a boxer, and he was shocked at his harsh reaction. After the encounter, Tyson’s attitude and behavior changed completely (Mollett 2). He had a positive attitude, and the criminal behavior stopped immediately. Stewart was notified about Tyson’s behavior, and made a deal to coach him in boxing if Mike tried going back to school. This deal with Steward motivated Tyson causing him to become dedicated to the sport. Bobby Stewart noticed great improvement, and knew Tyson could make great accomplishments.
Stewart took Tyson to a “legendary” trainer to demonstrate Tyson’s abilities in boxing (Mollett 2). The trainer was amazed by Tyson’s skills and determination that he decided to coach Tyson and lead him to the boxing ring. From then on, Tyson’s name became well known in the world of boxing. Tyson became a heavyweight champion, and was feared in the boxing ring. He became a masculine icon, with his muscular body and being part of the manly sport of boxing. After much success in the ring, Tyson coined the nickname “Iron Mike,” which described his invincibility and strength. With his nickname, Tyson created a manly and powerful name for himself and made sure others knew who he was as a fighter.
The nicknames he received described him as the ultimate man. The male population was intrigued by his success and power. This elevated Tyson’s social status above just a boxer and made him tantamount to a masculine icon. While at the peak of his career, Mike Tyson made a mistake, which not only became the start of his downfall but also affected those who looked up to him. Like most men, Mike Tyson valued competition; he always wanted to be a winner. Being the best was always his goal, and he would literally do anything to obtain a title.
Throughout his life, Tyson fought at his best and was referred to as the “Baddest Man on the Planet. ” Because of names like this, Tyson always wanted to be number one, and live up to the manly nicknames society placed upon him. In 1997, Mike Tyson was facing Evander Holyfield in the boxing ring. Tyson experienced an unbalanced emotional range of passion and anger, which caused him to cross the line of what is accepted in society. Tyson was caught up in his emotions and bit Holyfield’s ear.
This moment in sports will always be remembered. After this incident, nicknames such as “Iron Mike” were soon replaced with nicknames that compared him to an animal. His actions were inhuman-like and everything that Mike Tyson accomplished throughout his lifetime suddenly became meaningless. He always boxed by the rules and during that moment he crossed the line. This event showed how important fighting and competition were for Tyson.
His fans and audience were disappointed in his actions, and he was no longer the ultimate “Iron Mike. Even though Mike Tyson apologized for the incident, his reputation was no longer the same. Later in an interview, he described the night as “the worst night of [his] professional career” and promised that he “will never do [it] again” (Financial Post 1). The apology was necessary, but it was not enough. Tyson stated that “[he] will learn from [his] mistake,” but as his success diminishes, everything worsens (1). Mike Tyson claims that he acted as he did in the ring because he feared he would lose the fight to Holyfield since he had a cut above his eye. His claim proves that as a male, he was scared of losing his title of championship and beating his opponent was more important than his values. He accepted any punishment and said he “expect[s] to pay the price as a man,” showing his desire to remain manly and strong (1). Even after apologizing and admitting he is wrong, Tyson wants to prove to his fans and everyone else that he would have won the fight. Tyson remains full of pride after his mistake and states that he was “saddened that the fight did not go further so that the boxing fans of the world might see for themselves who would come out on top” (2). Mike Tyson’s actions impacted masculinity in America, showing that even while being successful one can experience a downfall.
Biting Holyfield’s ear was the beginning of Tyson’s downfall. The incident with Holyfield was an addition to Tyson’s criminal record. After this event, there was more attention towards Tyson’s increasing criminal record. Before the fight versus Holyfield, Mike Tyson had been convicted of raping a pageant queen.
His behavior was not strange to some people because he never had stable relationships with women (Grass 1). Tyson had a “turbulent marriage, several accusations of sexual harassment, and three lawsuits” (1). His actions were looked down upon because he affected the males involved in boxing. He was creating a bad image of all boxers, and the public assumed everyone was a criminal like Mike Tyson. Once, a representative for Main Events promotions said, “It’s not fair to look down on other boxers for what one man has done” (1). Mike Tyson created an image of violence and criminal behavior as a masculine icon. All of his fans were disappointed in his actions. A more recent attack of Mike Tyson took place in 2001. Tyson allegedly attacked a reporter with a fork and stabbed him on the head. His actions were due to the reporter mentioning his future competition, Lennox Lewis (The Mirror 1). Tyson’s actions show his anger towards his opponent and his passion for competing; he does not even want to hear his opponent’s name. A month before the fight of Tyson versus Holyfield, Mike Tyson’s attitude is masculine and tough, wanting to be a “badass. ” In an interview with Bill Ritter for ABC News, Mike Tyson gives off a bad vibe during his interview, a few months before the Holyfield fight. When asked the first question of the interview, Mike Tyson responds by saying, “I don’t want to be here with you” (ABC News). Tyson has an angry attitude towards reporters and the public in general. He is against talking about money and gets very defensive when asked about receiving money for boxing. Mike Tyson replies to the remark by saying, “Hey don’t talk about it, don’t talk about it” (ABC News). Tyson tries to be humble by not talking about money yet; he always wants to be the number one boxer. When he is asked for predictions about his upcoming fight, Tyson says, “Mike Tyson wins by a knockout” (ABC News). His hardboiled character is seen throughout his answers in the interview, trying to be rough and making it hard for the public to see a different side of him.
Another example of Tyson’s feeling of confidence is when Bill Ritter says “if you should win this fight…” and Tyson responds, “When I win this fight, I believe that’s going to be the situation” (ABC News). Tyson is conceited and has a high level of self-esteem by saying he is going to win by a knockout, and not doubting himself. In the interview, the reporter describes Tyson as a “reluctant celebrity” which fully describes his manner in answering questions. Mike Tyson as an individual shows all his characteristics in the interview with ABC News. He has confidence with high levels of self-esteem, does not want to be messed with, and thinks he is better than every other boxer.
Males are impacted by the way Tyson treats other people and the way he carries out his composure and character. When Mike Tyson was at his peak, he had a masculine attitude towards the reporter, but in a recent interview in 2006, Mike Tyson shows his softer side. The interview starts by describing Tyson’s transition from “the world’s most popular athlete” to being an entertainer at a Hotel in Las Vegas (ABC Nightline1). Mike Tyson begins by saying that boxing “doesn’t mean that much to [him] anymore. ” The interview ironically asks Tyson about suffering with depression and having low self esteem; while in the previous interview, Mike was full of confidence. After his downfall and not being so well-known, Tyson admits that his life “[has] been truly a lie” (2). There is a repetition in comments by Mike Tyson showing low self-esteem such as “I’m not good anymore” (2). Tyson shifts from being inspiring to being disappointing. All of Tyson’s life has been a struggle between “the man he has been and the man he wants to be” (3). His life is an example to people showing that even at the times when one is most successful, one can struggle with his or her own life.
Tyson is described with animal-like characteristics and violent words like he “is trying to exorcise his demons” and trying to “tame the raging Tyson” (3). Tyson’s soft side is seen at the middle of the interview when he says, “[he’s] so happy not fighting anymore. He blames boxing for his violent attitude and says, “fighting turned [him] that way. ” He also blames the public, he says the people want to see him angry, “cursing, grab[bing] his crotch, and being that tough guy” (3). He claims he no longer wants to be that guy, “but everybody pulls that guy back out of [him]. ” As the time had gone by, Mike Tyson started to realize that his boxing career was meant to be temporary, he only enjoyed it for a certain time. It seems like he is easily influenced by those that surround him, if people want to see him be a tough guy, he will be that guy. Tyson is willing to change; he just needs to be surrounded by the right people. Some people may argue that Mike Tyson never made any accomplishments. Those people choose to focus on his criminal record, and claim he was a “fraud” (Posnanski 1). Articles try to bring him down by saying “he was never a great fighter,” and he “knock[ed] out nobodies, stiffs, old guys” (1). The negativities written about Mike Tyson caused him to become the person that he was. Tyson said it himself that the people create who he was in the boxing ring. The public asks for it by expecting him to be angry and violent to the remarks people make. Mike Tyson was a great boxer and was well- known inside and outside the ring. He affected masculinity by inspiring others to become a fighter as he was. He had a competitive nature, and never wanted to give up. The people loved who he was as a fighter, but had a different reaction after his fight versus Holyfield. It is ironic that no one focused on this rape trail much until after the fight with Holyfield.
This event caused Tyson’s criminal record to come out to the public, and more attention was paid to his actions. It can be said that many black males were angry at his actions because people assumed all black people were violent. As a representative or role model to the male population, Mike Tyson gave males a bad reputation. His actions, such as biting Holyfield’s ear, were not something a human would do. Tyson was often referred to as a bull or gorilla or any other angry animal. His actions affected the male population because those that looked up to him, no longer found him as a role model. Tyson went from one of the most popular athletes to a nobody, a person that was angry and a criminal. People could never look at him the same way as they did before, and some even feared him.
Mike Tyson says he started fighting because he needed the money and that is the only thing he was good at, not having an education; he said, “I gotta make the doughnuts and stuff” (ABC Nightline 4). Mike Tyson’s upbringing in the ghetto and inexistent relationship with his parents was very much the reason he got involved in boxing. He tried to make a change for himself and his family by fighting and making money; but getting into the boxing ring was one of Tyson’s mistakes. Masculinity in America remembers Tyson’s career and downfall, which showed how passionate he was about competing, and how his career affected his fans. Works Cited “Boxing: Mad Mike Forks Out for Lunch. ” The Mirror 21 June 2001: 1. Lexis Nexis. Georgia Tech, Atlanta. 14 Apr. 2008. Keyword: Mike Tyson attacks reporter. Grass, James. “Rape Conviction Would End Career. ” USA Today 27 Jan. 1992: 1. Lexis Nexis. Georgia Tech, Atlanta. 12 Apr. 2008. Keyword: Mike Tyson, rape.
Mollett, Clinton. “Mike Tyson’s Childhood. ” East Side Boxing. 16 Mar. 2004. 12 Apr. 2008 <https://www. astsideboxing. com/news. php? p=832&more=1>. Posnanski, Joe. “Mike Tyson Was Never a Great Champion. ” The Kansas City Star 31 Jan. 2006: 1-2. Lexis Nexis. Georgia Tech, Atlanta. 9 Apr. 2008. Keyword: Mike Tyson. “Tyson Apologizes for Fiasco. ” The Financial Post 1 July 1997: 1-2. Lexis Nexis.
Georgia Tech, Atlanta. 10 Apr. 2008. Keyword: Mike Tyson. Tyson, Mike. Interview with Bill Ritter. ABC News. ABC. WABC. 26 June 1997. Tyson, Mike. Interview with Jeremy Schaap. ABC Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 13 Sept. 2006. ost intractable of the “incorrigible” boys
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Military Bearing
In the United States Army, military bearing is the root in which every service member practices in order to carry out good discipline and ethics throughout ones military careers. The Three General Orders of a Soldier, The articles of UCMJ, as well as our own Sailors Creed illustrates how a military service member should conduct himself or herself on a daily basis, on and off duty. Dependability is a major aspect of military bearing.
Without dependability, one can neither perform properly in the workspace nor be depended upon by their coworkers, or chain of command to carry out their military duties adequately.
A military member is required to be punctual, and reliable. Lack of this in a service member not only hinders the mission of the command but of the entire army. Loyalty, duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage are army core values that are instilled in each personnel’s life the instant that the oath of enlistment is pledged. Loyalty is to bear true faith and allegiance to the U. S.
constitution, the Army, and other soldiers. Be loyal to the nation and its heritage.
Duty is to fulfill your obligations. Accept responsibility for your own actions and those entrusted to your care.
Find opportunities to improve oneself for the good of the group. Respect is to rely upon the golden rule. How we consider others reflects upon each of us, both personally and as a professional organization.
Selfless Service is to put the welfare of the nation, the Army, and your subordinates before your own. Selfless service leads to organizational teamwork and encompasses discipline, self-control and faith in the system. Honor is to live up to all the Army values. Integrity is to do what is right, legally and morally. Be willing to do what is right even when no one is looking.
It is our “moral compass” an inner voice. Personal courage is our ability to face fear, danger, or adversity, both physical and moral courage.
Without one of these Army core values, the others do not exist. These core values form the cornerstone of military bearing. As service members, military bearing is a vast assortment of rules and ethics that govern our everyday life.
For instance, a clean and presentable uniform, knowing ones facing movements, how to respectively address a senior officer, as well as being prompt for basic soldier tasks. Keeping a clean uniform shows to other members the pride that you take in the obligations you hold in serving your country. Personnel inspections as well as award ceremonies demonstrate to ones chain of command how the effectiveness of this military bearing takes place. Knowing how to properly march, stand at attention, parade rest, as well as all other facing movements establishes one’s ability to follow orders precisely. Respecting senior officers is imperative in order to maintain good military order up and down the chain of command.
Punctuality is key aspect of one’s Army career. Tardiness can affect the mission of the command.
In such an event as recall, one cannot afford to be late in carrying out their assigned tasks, for the repercussions can be severe to ones fellow soldiers as well as to the integrity of the unit.
Being late to ones place of duty can affect the quality of work being done in the work environment. First call is a vital necessity within our Army where ones chain of command can brief all soldiers on new information concerning either the mission or ones specific job. Guard is every soldiers duty. Without a proper and thorough turnover it hinders the effectiveness of the guard post.
Missing information during turnover can result in wasted man-hours, equipment damage, or can compromise the security of the command in which one works.
Physical readiness standards are another element of military bearing. Physical readiness standards or better known as PT tests are held every six months for Army personnel. The test is ensures each member of the Army must perform and pass within certain standards in order to maintain peek performance in his or her military careers. Such aspects of the PT test are based upon sit up, push ups, as well as a 2-mile run. Each component of this test must be passed within certain times as well as counts in order to be viewed as properly fit within Army regulations.
This allows an individual within the United States Army service to perform at his or her best. This test falls under military bearing on the evaluations of a service member.
Each service member will receive a certain numerical grade in accordance with his or her performance on the PT test. When a service member does pass this test one will be placed on a regular remedial mandatory physical fitness program. If a service member were lacking in their military bearing, a form of counseling and corrective training would be used.
A negative counseling will thoroughly detail the deficiency and provide guidance to correct the problem. Counseling is often accompanied by corrective training and instruction. Corrective training is the corrective actions taken against a service member who has not performed military bearing to the best of one’s bility. Corrective training should not be considered a form of punishment. This corrective action of must relate to the offense or area where the service member is in need of extra military instruction.
Extra military training is assigned by the chain of command.
The Uniform Code of Military
Justice consists of many articles in which the military governs itself along with civilian laws. Every service member in all United States military branches must abide by these laws in order to maintain military bearing.
When an individual does not obey these laws, punitive actions will occur. Such action entails Commanding Officers Non Judicial Punishment, general Court Martial, or Special Court martial. These are the most severe repercussions that a military service member may encounter. A loss of status as well as a forfeiture of basic pay and even restrictive time may occur.
The highest punishment one in the military can receive is time in the stockade which the military version of incarceration, as well as dishonorable discharge from the military service.
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New Training Program
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Lifeboat Ethics: the Case against Helping the Poor
In the article Lifeboat Ethics: the Case Against Helping the Poor, Garrett Hardin’s main argument is that we should not help the poor. The article starts by describing the difference between the spaceship ethic, which is where we should share resources because all needs and shares are equal, and the lifeboat ethic, we should not share our resources and using this ethic we should not help the poor. He argues because of limited resources, tragedy of commons and no true world government to control reproduction and use of available resources, we should govern our actions by the ethics of lifeboat. The main argument is as follows: 1. If we have limited resources, then we should govern our actions by ethics of lifeboat and not share our resources. 2. We have limited resources. C3> We should govern our actions by ethics of lifeboat and not share our resources. 4. Since we should govern our actions by ethics of lifeboat and not share resources, the poor will suffer if we do not help them. 5. Lifeboat ethic advocates that we should not help the poor. C6> We should not help the poor. The above argument looks valid. So let us examine whether the premises are sound. In premise 1, this premise is argued for under ‘Adrift in a Moral Sea’. Assuming a lifeboat with an excess capacity of 10 more passengers, those in the boat should assess whether they should admit 10 more people to it if the excess capacity acts as a safety factor. Its argument is as follows: 1. If we have no one on the lifeboat, then we have safety factor. 2. If we have safety factor, then there will not be disastrous outcome. C3> If we have no one on the life boat, then there will not be disastrous outcome. C4> If we have no one on the life boat, then survival is possible. 5. If survival is not possible by undermining the disastrous outcomes from the unforeseen circumstances with excess passengers, then the boat will sink. 6. If the boat sinks, then we should not aid the poor in the waters. C7> If survival is not possible by undermining the disastrous outcomes from the unforeseen circumstances with excess passengers, then we should not help the poor. 8. Survival may not be possible by undermining the disastrous outcomes from the unforeseen circumstances with excess passengers. C9> We should not help the poor. It follows that this sub-argument supports the main argument. This argument is valid due to its argument form DS and MP. Indeed the ‘safety factor’ is an important factor on the lifeboat and if we were to admit more people on the boat, survival may not be possible. Therefore this sub-argument is sound. In ‘Population Control the Crude Way, it is reconstructed as follows: 1. If the poor can always draw on a World Food Bank in times of need, their population can continue to grow unchecked. 2. If population continues to grow unchecked, their need for aid will also increase. C3> If the poor can always draw on a World Food Bank in times of need, their need for aid will also increase. . If need for aid increases, the World Food Bank will have less resources. C5> If the poor can always draw on a World Food Bank in times of need, the World Food Bank will have fewer resources. C6> We should not help the poor. This sub-argument supports the main argument. The argument is valid. However, there is an assumption to premise (4) that the poor will take and give nothing in return, which is not true. As from the article, the poor will give by being cheap labor and there will be political gains between countries, hence resulting in a charity gain. There is another assumption that giving more aid will increase more people, thus increasing the needs for more aid. But this may not be true. Once giving the poor the food, they can go look for a job rather than waiting for food. By looking for a job and earn money, they will be richer. If they are richer, they will require less need. Thus increasing the aid does not mean increasing the need for aid. In addition, Premise (1) may not be true such that when population is high, it will grow unchecked. It makes no sense that we know reproduction of rich is still lower than poor countries. With the poor receiving more aid, they will become wealthier. When a country becomes wealthier, it does not mean that the state of reproduction will stay at same rate. Yet, reproduction of rich is still lower than poor countries. Therefore the higher rate in population does not equal to an increase in need for aid. The argument is unsound. In Immigration vs Food Supply, it is argued for: 1. Immigrants consist of the poor. 2. Immigration is supported. 3. If the primary interest to support unimpeded immigration is the desire of employers for cheap labor, we should close the door to immigrants. 4. Foreigners were brought in to work at wretched job with wretched pay. C5> We should close the doors of immigrants. C6> We should not help the poor. Though the argument is valid, this argument does not really link back to the main argument. This argument talks about not helping the poor because of the poor conditions they’ll be in if immigration is not allowed. It does not talk about anything near to the lifeboat ethics. Moreover, the premises (3) and (4) in this argument have some flaws and seem to commit the fallacy of argument against the person by appeal to explanation. Premise (4) is questionable. We do not really know whether foreigners or immigrants were cheap labor, working in a state of bad job conditions. Therefore this argument is unsound. In Premise 4, this premise is argued for under ‘Population control the Crude Way’. It argues that: 1. The proportion of people in rich and poor countries will stabilize and less poor will suffer only if we aid the poor through the system of food sharing. 2. The growth differential between the rich and poor countries continues to increase. C3> We should not aid the poor. In this sub-argument, it supports the main argument. The argument is valid as from the argument form. Yet, this argument does not seem sound. (1) may not be true. Even with some system of food sharing or foreign-aid programs to the poor countries, the rate of population between the rich and poor countries still continue to increase, with a worse ratio each year. So if this premise is false, then this entire sub-argument becomes unsound. Under ‘Learning the Hard Way’, it says that even though we aid the poor, the poor will still suffer unless they learn from experience and mend their ways. In other words it means that the poor will not suffer only if they learn from experience and mend their ways. Learning from experience and mending their ways means that poor countries should not be dependent on other countries to help them. Therefore for the poor not to suffer, we should not help them. This sub-argument supports the main conclusion. Yet this sub-argument seems to contradict with the Premise (4) in the main argument. Here the sub-argument says that ‘If we do not help the poor, they will benefit’ whereas in the Premise (4) of main argument, it says that ‘If we do not help the poor, they will suffer’. These two statements seem to contradict. If the sub-argument’s one is true, then Premise (4) of main argument is false. If the premise of main argument is false, then the main argument is invalid. In conclusion, Hardin’s argument is invalid and unsound. His 1st premise is challenged to be untrue and is unsound by weaknesses and fallacies like argument against person by appeal to explanation. His 4th premise has been proven untrue and unsound. So most of the sub-arguments are rendered unsound though its first sub-argument of survival in the lifeboat is possible if we don’t help the poor is sound. Hence, the support for lifeboat ethics is not very strong to prove that we should not help the poor.
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Speech to Persuade for Travel
104 Responses to “The Four Day Work Week” 1. AVS says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:33 pm Agree with this but why stick to a 40 hour work week? Reduce it to 35 hours. 2. david says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:33 pm In the short term the staggered week does not improve building energy efficiency. In the long term it could be substantially better, because you build based on the 80% of people that are there on any given workweek, rather than for the full workforce. Smaller buildings = less energy use, in addition to the fewer resources used to put the building up in the first place. 3. Drew Miller says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:34 pm Why not just stagger the workweeks on a building-by-building basis, so you get the energy efficiency and the traffic efficiency? You’d also be flattening the peak load across the week, further increasing efficiency. This, of course, assumes that people don’t sit at home and crank their own AC. It could actually be having a net-negative overall effect on energy and pollution. 4. acorvid says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:38 pm Wouldn’t this also help economies by tending to boost spending in recreation and hospitality industries: another day to play, a longer weekend resulting more destination travel, etc.? 5. harlequin says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:40 pm Or you could have a shorter work week by cutting Friday or Monday from the schedule and not replacing them in the earlier days, which would put us more in line with more civilized countries and help move the labor economy in the right direction for the future. 6. Mo says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:45 pm The thing that sucks about staggered work weeks is that it will have a negative impact on people’s social lives.
Even if you managed to get the same schedule as your spouse/s. o. , you’ll likely have different off days from your friends. That would suck. 7. Mo says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:46 pm Unless, you did something like have M-R schedules and T-F schedules. Most everyone gets Sat and Sun off, and traffic is lessened on Mondays and Fridays. 8. Gatchaman says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:48 pm This would have a negative impact on countless cafes, pizzerias, sub-shops, and bars. 9. diamond joe quimby says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:49 pm A fully staggered work week would be impossible to achieve without a significant overhaul of most jurisdictions’ legal codes. Though arbitrary, the five-day week has acquired legal significance in all sorts of ways that would not be easily discarded. 0. Sam Z says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:50 pm Or there’s the plan my wife has long advocated of 5-day weeks with 3-day weekends each week. You only lose about 7 work days per year.
You could probably still figure out some kind of staggering, and you’d have another day of the week to name! 11. Matt says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:53 pm I agree with this, but I also think its time for our country to start what will inevitably a long debate about fewer hours in the work week. Every time in our history we’ve shortened the working week, one of the key issues was a growing surplus of labor that needed to be soaked up. We’ve addressed that through longer vacations, earlier retirements, and fewer working hours in the week.
Well, we look to be heading into a medium to long term period of pretty high surplus labor. Unemployment rates are moving over 10% and they’re gonna stay high for a while. It may take a long long time for our economy to recover enough to get us back to full employment based on the same yearly hours per worker figure that existed prior to the recession. There are plenty of benefits beyond economic ones for working fewer hours and taking more vacation, but its also worth considering the economic enefits of it. It could help restore low unemployment rates faster, thereby helping overall recovery. 12. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:55 pm Re: which would put us more in line with more civilized countries As usual, the hipster’s answer to everything is “More work, and less play”. Particularly if that ‘play’ involves drugs, sex, and discussing Foucault over pork chops in a coffeehouse. As the late great president of Tanzania, real socialism doesn’t involve more free time and less work. That’s hipster (fake) socialism, a pale substitute for the real thing. Real socialism involves hard labor and shared sacrifice. It is a creed for tough men and tough women, not for hipster cosmopolites. 13. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:56 pm Re: As usual, the hipster’s answer to everything is “More work, and less play”. Sorry, correct that.
Real Christians and real Socialists believe in More Work, and Less Play. Hipsters believe in Less Work, and More Play. 14. Drew says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:56 pm Before I labeled the change from a 10-hour workday to an 8-hour workday “relatively painless,” I’d ask the workers effected by the change whether they found it to be “relatively painless. It may be the same number of hours per week, but the physical and mental stress of a 10-hour day may be disproportionately larger than that of an 8-hour day. In my experience, that’s definitely been the case. 15. Adam says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:57 pm They serve pork chops in coffeehouses, Hector? Pork chops are practically the state meat where I’m from and I’ve never seen that. But your knowledge of hipster culture is far more than mine, I’ll agree. 16. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:58 pm Adam, It’s a reference to Yglesias’ habit of writing blog posts about how best to cook pork chops. 17. Eric says: July 28th, 2009 at 2:59 pm Or we can just reduce the workweek to 32 hours. Americans fetishize work too much – at some point we have to start channeling extra productivity into more leisure time instead of higher GDP. We’re four times as productive as we were in the 1970’s yet we work even more hours – there’s something wrong here. 18. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:05 pm Re: Americans fetishize work too much – at some point we have to start channeling extra productivity into more leisure time instead of higher GDP. I write something and within five minutes the cosmopolitans write in to prove me right. 9. Anonymous says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:07 pm Adam: And Foucault isn’t exactly “play” in any meaningful sense. And I think Yglesias’s sympathies lie with Analytical Philosophy over those jerks in Continental Philosophy.
And really, it strikes me as weird how a lot of antimodernists conflate modernism with postmodernism. They have a lot of similarities, and postmodernism is easier to make fun of, but often enough they hold exactly opposite positions on precisely the issues that antimodernists are concerned about. 20. demisod says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:08 pm Americans fetishize work too much – at some point we have to start channeling extra productivity into more leisure time instead of higher GDP. We’re four times as productive as we were in the 1970’s yet we work even more hours – there’s something wrong here. Haven’t you seen the stats for the exploding incomes of the top one percent? Where do you think that comes from? Which is why the 4-day work week won’t catch on. Our oligarchs don’t want the proles to get too big a wiff of leisure. 21. Steve LaBonne says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:08 pm Why are you wanking here instead of working, Hector? 22. Fencedude says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:09 pm As usual, the hipster’s answer to everything is “More work, and less play”. Particularly if that ‘play’ involves drugs, sex, and discussing Foucault over pork chops in a coffeehouse. Hector, do me a favor, what color is the sky outside your window right now? 23. cynickal says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:11 pm As a guy who works in the electrical field, this is bad for me. My paycheck depends on your consumption. 24. hipster says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:11 pm What Hector understands to be true work isn’t something “hipsters” do at all, and it isn’t apportioned into 5 work days with weekends off. What Hector’s Hipsters do isn’t work at all by his lights, so I wonder why he gives a shit how it gets carved up. 25. Poptarts says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:11 pm That’s hipster (fake) socialism, a pale substitute for the real thing.
Real socialism involves hard labor and shared sacrifice. It is a creed for tough men and tough women, not for hipster cosmopolites. Hell yeah. I’m all for Hector’s hard-core socialism. 60 hour work weeks and no Calvin Kleins allowed. And hipsters would be ostracized on a continual basis. My question is whether not Christian rock would be frowned upon. If not I’m in! 26. Poptarts says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:14 pm Why are you wanking here instead of working, Hector? He’s spreading the word, cosmopolite, so stick it if you don’t like it. 27. Mike says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:16 pm I work 4 10-hour days and love having 3-day weekends every week (fridays off). It allows me to do much more weekend getaways and other projects than I did before. My team has to provide coverage 24? 7×365 so we broke the team into several shifts. Some people work 8a-4p or 4p-12a or 12a-8a M-F. Some work 7p-5am Sunday night-Thursday morning or Monday night-Friday morning and others work their 40 hours Friday night-Monday morning and have the rest of the week off. Most work at home and we are based all over the US (virtual team). We utilize a variety of technologies (audio bridges, VOIP, cell phones, meeting software (net/live meeting), instant messaging/SMS, web camera, etc. ) to keep the team connected. Conference calls and training presentations are recorded and packaged for all shifts to take advantage.
The flexibility of hours and locations has been wonderful. I encourage other organizations to give it a try. 28. fostert says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:18 pm “Real Christians and real Socialists believe in More Work, and Less Play. I’m having a hard time making that jive with my experiences around the world. Unless we use a tautological definition of “real socialists” meaning “those that believe in more work and less play. ” Consider these two socialist countries: Vietnam and Laos. In Laos, people rarely work more than six hours a day.
Three in the morning, three in the late afternoon, with a two hour nap in the middle. In Vietnam, people think they’re being lazy if they only work fourteen hours straight. The Japanese and Americans aren’t very socialist, yet they work much harder than most of the world. The French are much more socialist, yet they hardly work at all. And that’s when they’re not on strike. Help me out here. 29. James Gary says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:22 pm 60 hour work weeks and no Calvin Kleins allowed.
However, I imagine John Calvins are strongly encouraged. 30. Tim says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:35 pm I’ve worked 4 tens before — I hated it. But I wasn’t particularly liking that job, which played a part. I work 5 tens now, and I love it, but there is no way I could get my work done in 4? 10. Maybe 4? 12, but I’m not sure I’d like that. I work in primary education: I’m not sure this idea would really work there. Young minds find 6? 5* hours hard enough. The current thinking is we need to extend that to 8? 5. Thus, we either keep our current (kind of short) school hours on 8? 4, or we really push little ones beyond their ability to concentrate with 4? 9. I suppose you could just use 4? 6 and eliminate almost all of summer vacation. If the kid’s school schedule stays the same, it would be an interesting social experiment to see how the families cope with different schedules. I suppose parents would like having the kids gone for a day that they have off, but what do I know, I don’t have any kids. I suspect 5-day-a-week kids would be truant an awful lot on the fifth day as parents decided to do something else on that day. That could be a real problem. I’m rambling and guess I don’t really have a point, other than there are all kinds of ramifications to this that need to be thought through — which is why is so hard to get momentum behind. * It’s actually 6. 75 hours, but the average 8 hour day is 8. 5 or 9, too, so I’m rounding off. 31. christina says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:37 pm Our office is allowing 4- 9s (every other Friday off) and 4 tens, but us dual income working parents are really affected by this. My daughter goes to bed at 7:00PM and I do not want to miss seeing her each night. Not to mentioned having your children in daycare for that long during the 4 days. 32. rmwarnick says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:41 pm One glitch here in Utah– lots of people didn’t get the word, and didn’t react well at the DMV and other state offices after taking time off from their own jobs only to find the Utah government closed on Friday. This went on for at least a month after the switch to a four-day week. 33. Miji says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:41 pm Actually if spouses had different days it could be beneficial. If one had off Friday and the other had off Monday.
They could each use those days to watch the kids and get chores and errands done. This would allow them to use Sat-Sun to really relax and spend time together and they would only need to pay for day care Tues, Wed, and and Thurs. 34. Dan’l says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:44 pm Really? That qualifies as worth printing? 30% of this article is intro to a quote. 60% of the article is someone else’s article. and then a short outro? Nice, good work. I could make 75 of these blurbs a day by typing intros and outros. Does Yglesias write novel summaries and CD cover reviews to? 5. Desmond Wright says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:45 pm Why not take a Wednesday off instead of Friday, 10 hour days are a real pain! 36. VR says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:49 pm The days off would have to be staggered. As a working person, a big problem I have is that all the services I want to consume are only operational when I’m at work — government offices, etc. If everyone got one day a week off work but some people still worked every working day, we might lose some of that fancy urban planning efficiency, but it’d still be better from a labour point of view. 37. Heather says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:51 pm My husband did this 40 hour a week, 4 day a week work schedule. In a word, it was HORRIBLE. If you have a life outside of work during the week, you can forget it. Now, if they reduced it to 32 or 36 hours a week that might be something to consider. 38. Shaun says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:53 pm Does the study factor in the additional air conditioning, etc. used by people who are now staying at home? I’m for a 4 day work week and think it’s a great idea for people to have more family time, but I don’t know if the energy efficiency argument is the strongest reason. Perhaps to justify it to the corporate bottom line, but not the overall environment. 39. Mark Goldes says: July 28th, 2009 at 3:59 pm Aim at a 20 hour week with the missing income replaced by investments. Two 10 hour days! See The Brooklyn Project on the website. 40. Ben says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:02 pm The biggest problem I have with the workweek is the way it breaks the natural human sleep cycle. It’s hard to wake up at the same time everyday, and for good biological reason. We have a 25-hour internal clock, meaning that every day we would naturally wake up,etc, one hour later than the previous day. For this reason, I love working for myself.
Even though I didn’t wake up until noon today, I’m going to put in eight to ten hours on variou projects that I need to do. If I need a break somewhere in there, I’ll take it. It means I rarely feel exhausted and an generally more productive than I would have been otherwise. I think a self-directed schedule like that could work well for many employees too. As long as the set number of hours were completed each week, they could be done whenever was most effective and convenient for the employee. Critical “on-call” hours could always be arranged too, if needed. 41. Marc Hummel says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:04 pm Dan’l, Where’s the link to your blog? Criticizing is a lot easier than creating something. 42. JD says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:05 pm The Japanese and Americans aren’t very socialist, yet they work much harder than most of the world. The French are much more socialist, yet they hardly work at all. And that’s when they’re not on strike. This is certainly one of the reasons why America is the richest nation in the world.
Most other countries have decided that a certain level of wealth is good enough, and as technology makes them able to achieve that level of wealth with less work they just take the rest of the time off. Americans say “Great! I have gotten all the wealth I used to get with 8 hours of work in just 6. Now let me work another 2 hours and increase my total level of wealth. ” Certainly this seems more a matter of preference than a strict right/wrong answer situation, but I think the American solution is superior. 43. Cyrus says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:06 pm Why the hell won’t it post my comments? I’ve written two so far, and they were just biting, believe me! 44. Paul says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:07 pm I’m a salaried employee. My company routinely gets 45-48 hours out of me with the 5 day work week. I rarely leave right at 5pm. If the work week was 4 days no way in heck I’m working more than 42 hours. So I don’t think the typical white collar company will find this as helping their bottom line. 45. wiley says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:09 pm Four six hour days should be sufficient. 46. JMS says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:13 pm I third the suggestion that this MIGHT be a good idea for the childless (although I question how much additional productivity you’d get out of those extra 2 hours a day–I think if I did that on a daily basis, my brain would be fried), but is terrible for those with children under say the age of 13. You can’t “make up” the extra time on the extra day you have off–children need the time in regular intervals on a daily basis, and the amount of time they spend away from parents in a 8? 5 situation is already longer than optimal (factor in travel time to school or daycare, and an extra unpaid hour for lunch, and for the kids it’s already 10? 5) Can you imagine leaving your kids in daycare 12 hours a day? I think even the most pro-daycare parents would balk at that. No, not a good idea. 47. Cyrus says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:15 pm Fuck it. My wit is wasted on you philistines. To summarize: my office has a staggered work hours not to save money on utilities but mainly so people can get their free time in bigger, more convenient lumps, Hector rather amusingly claimed to be a dead guy (he probably left a word out, but it’s funnier to imagine him as the reincarnation a Tanzanian president), and Dan’l has apparently never seen a blog before today, and/or imagines the production cost of one is a lot higher than it actually is. 48. Four-day work week as a sustainable option « says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:17 pm … ] 28, 2009 · Leave a Comment Scientific American reports that the a four-day work week can have positive economic benefits and help reduce [… ] 49. crease says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:17 pm No wonder Utah is the Number 1 state for online porn…….. in money spent. 50. pseudonymous in nc says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:20 pm From experience, the four-day 40hr working week generally means that the fifth day is mostly a write-off. The hilarious thing about Hector the uncreative anachronism is that his ideal working classes worked like his imaginary “hipsters”. Standard working hours date from industrialization — when you’re working at a mill, the machines keep running, and the workforce has to adapt to its needs. (Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. ) In the pre-industrial working world, the weavers would work more like farmers, according to the necessary tasks at hand. 51. Mark says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:25 pm Life is not for working.
Life is for playing. Every minute you spend working for money is wasted. Instead of thinking of ways to rearrange people’s work hours, we should be thinking of ways to make work unnecessary. Hector: There are many kinds of socialists. Maybe a tiny percentage of them are the weirdos you describe.
But personally I wouldn’t associate a desire for sacrifice and suffering with socialism one way or the other. JD: The American solution, as you call it, is not superior. Capitalism is repressive and conformist. It devalues everything truly worthwhile. Until Americans stop worshiping work and greed, we will not be a civilized nation. 52. Just a thought says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:29 pm I think it’s more important right now to focus on job creation. We can talk about how to improve the workplace once people have a place to work. 53. Sarah says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:30 pm Working in IT, I would be satisfied with a five day work week. 54. joe says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:32 pm Why don’t we do like most of Europe and work less than 40 hours a week based on 4 or 5 days and I also would like their 5 weeks of paid vacation per year. I would also like their free healthcare and ultra-modern transit system and infrastructure. I guess that makes me un-American. Oh well, call me socialist! They live much better lives than we do! I am always jealous every time I am overseas. 55. Jase says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:34 pm Are there really that many sissies out there that can’t handle working a 10 hour day? 6. Dani says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:36 pm https://www. antenna. nl/~waterman/gorz. html Read Andre Gorz’ “Critique of Economic Reason”. 57. Adam says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:43 pm Are there really that many sissies out there that can’t handle working a 10 hour day? I’ve done it during crunch time, but it’s not exactly fun. Get up at 6, run or work out, shower and eat breakfast, get to the office at 7:30. 10 hours plus the hour lunch (bosses always want to go somewhere to talk business, though that doesn’t count in the hours of course), and you get off at 6:30, home at 7, shower and cook something and you’re done eating at 8. That’s two hours of free time if you plan on getting a full night’s sleep. Personally, the long weekend doesn’t make up for the other four days just being grinding and exhausting. 58. Nanotyrannus says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:44 pm There was a short blurb about something similar in Time Magazine a year or so ago about a college that had gone to a four day week to save money during the energy crisis.
They saved a ton of money on energy costs and discovered that they saved money in other areas. Absenteeism among the staff dropped significantly as well as employee turnover, saving money on ersonnel costs. 59. Cyrus says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:47 pm Are there really that many sissies out there that can’t handle working a 10 hour day? Now and then, no problem, I’ve worked even longer than that some days. (Not at my current job, though. ) But on anything approaching a regular basis, yeah, it’s a lot of work. There’s not much point in talking about it though, the way you’re bringing up “sissies” and jumping from “an unreasonable amount of work by the standards of a developed country” straight to whether someone “can’t handle” it. 60. wiley says: July 28th, 2009 at 4:47 pm I work 14 hours a day—I only do wage work 72 hours a month, though, because our society demands we make money. What exactly is so “tough” and manly about making money for other people? Is the wage slave supposed to be sexy? 61. Peter says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:01 pm Another simple solution to save $B in gas.
How about staggering start times at work so not everyone is going to work at the same time. Let some work from 8-4, others 10-6 pm. How much traffic would that decrease on our highways? 62. Archibald says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:02 pm Great Idea!! Lets cut state budgets by 20% to correlate with a 4 day work week. And let the people who want to achieve more and work more days go ahead and do it. 63. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:10 pm Re: Hector rather amusingly claimed to be a dead guy (he probably left a word out, but it’s funnier to imagine him as the reincarnation a Tanzanian president), Fool, I meant to say, “As the late great president of Tanzania SAID”. You would profit from reading Mr. Nyerere’s collected works. Unfortunately, I doubt you will take me up on that suggestion. Mark, Just what socialists do you mean? I guarantee you that if you go to Cuba or Venezuela, you will be rather disappointed.
The governments of those nations believe in hard work and shared sacrifice, and they abhor the late-capitalist postmodern cosmopolite hipster ideal of pot, porn, and playstations. Re: What exactly is so “tough” and manly about making money for other people? Is the wage slave supposed to be sexy? Wiley, Herein we see the logic of why the late capitalist economy promotes leisure time. In a healthy society, people would be fulfilled not in spite of their work but because of it. They would not be ‘making money for other people’ as you put it, but would take pride in serving their fellow man and in building a healthy society for their children to inherit. Late capitalism, of course, has separated people from their labor power and has employed people in a variety of unproductive, unnatural and alienating ways.
Therefore, it has had to invent the ideal of leisure and vacations in order to distract people from the fact that they are not working at socially necessary and humanly fulfiling tasks. In a healthy society, not simply would people work longer hours but they would actually _enjoy_ working longer hours, because they would know that they were contributing to the social good and embodying their essential human nature. Man is essentially homo laborans, as the allegory of the book of Genesis tells us. James Gary, I abhor John Calvin and regard his teachings as a serious distortion and corruption of the Faith. 64. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:17 pm Re: Life is not for working. Life is for playing. Every minute you spend working for money is wasted. Instead of thinking of ways to rearrange people’s work hours, we should be thinking of ways to make work unnecessary. I posted before reading Mr. Mark’s comment in detail. It so perfectly sums up the basically antihuman, nihilistic and unnatural impulse at the heart of certain forces over the last few hundred years.
Just as the Swinger lifestyle seeks to undermine human nature in the sexual sphere, late capitalism seeks to undermine human nature in the economic sphere. 65. frog says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:18 pm I think it is great. I lived in France when 35h work week was adopted – most people did 4 days one week, 5 the next, but there are many variants. It does give more free time and induces more spending which can stimulate an economy. There were various salary arrangements from no loss in pay (that was my case and most industries followed) to a proportional decrease in pay (for others). This was supposed to spur employment by 12% theoretically. I don’t remember the numbers but employment increased very moderately. The general consensus was that total social benefit was still greater than the burden it cost employers. Relative to the ecological impact: I doubt it really changed much since the companies in order to remain competetive had to stay open 5d/8h per week. And in govt jobs, the same held – they couldn’t shut things down one day a week. 66. Amir says: July 28th, 2009 at 5:41 pm Why not just work 3 days without getting any sleep and then take the rest of the week off ! I think working 10 hours a days is ridiculous. I personally cant go beyond 8 hours. This only works if the 40 hours become 35 hours like Europe. 67. ChicagoDP says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:02 pm Hector–UGH! People like you irritate me. ou continually post the same shit, repeating over and over your air of superiority over others.
Why can’t you accept that different people have different views on life? In most of your responses, you denigrate others who have a differing opinion and it reduces you to the nagging parent who nobody wants to listen to anymore. Your first post might have rung interesting to the individual in the middle of this issue, but your continued arrogance has swayed me in the other direction. In most of the ‘against’ posts here, we (Americans) somehow look down on the ways of other countries as being “lazy” for their 35 hr work week choices, etc. The measure of (wo)man is not in the amount of good s/she amasses, but rather how s/he lived his/her life and interacted with others(didn’t Jesus teach something like that? Don’t all of the Ten Commandments have to do with our interactions with others? ). All you ‘work hard and no play’ people come talk to me when you’re 60 and you’re wondering where your life went. Or, when your kids are older and they are mad because you were never there for their important game or graduation or something. Seriously! To think that if we don’t adhere to some theory that we must work ourselves into oblivion and be happy with our petty 1-2 week a year vacation, you’re delusional and brainwashed! 68. twistedboomer says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:07 pm American workers aren’t crazy, workaholic fools. American workers are exploited labor in the highest (and final) stages of Capitalist excess.
Europeons have more leisure time because they have strong unions who demand universal health-care, more vacation time, shorter workweeks etc. etc. In Troksky’s 1938 transitional program he called for a fully employed workforce in the USA. 40hours pay for 30hours of work. The URW bargained for (and received) in 1940 “six sixes” thus forcing the big 3 rubber companies to hire an extra shift per day. American workers could bargain for “four eights” and a mandatory 5 weeks vacation and single payer healthcare. Sound like a pipedream? It is if workers don’t organize and become militant. Want to sit back and let someone else take care of the problems? Then be prepared to be fodder for the cannons. Capital will chew us all up and spit us out. 69. commenter654 says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:13 pm It is impossible to work a ten-hour day if you have a dog, unless you spend a fortune on doggie day care. I have a seven-hour day and, of course, use a dog walking service–once per day. If I were gone for ten hours, the walker would have to come twice.
That gets pretty expensive. Dogs need lots of fun, exercise and companionship. If I worked ten-hours days I would not have adopted a dog but now that I have one I cannot and will not work such long days. 70. pseudonymous in nc says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:23 pm Comments like Jase’s make the point that there’s work and there’s work: 10-hour days can be frittered away, The Office style, or they can be packed solid and have you coming home fit to drop, in no state to cook for yourself.
Especially since for many salaried types, the lunch hour is spent eating at the desk. ) If that’s the schedule, then you generally have to spend some of the weekend preparing for the next week in terms of batch-cooking, working out what needs to be done because the store closes at 6pm on weekdays, etc. 71. pseudonymous in nc says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:27 pm I posted before reading Mr. Mark’s comment in detail. It so perfectly sums up the basically antihuman, nihilistic and unnatural impulse at the heart of certain forces over the last few hundred years. Uh, Anachronism Boy? Jesus spent three years wandering around with no fucking job. Take it up with him. In the meantime, you really don’t have a clue about life or work, do you? 72. JonF says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:42 pm Re: This would have a negative impact on countless cafes, pizzerias, sub-shops, and bars. How so? People would have three days a week to shop and three nights a week to party. I’ve generally noticed that bars and shopping malls do quite well for themselves on three day holiday weekends. With a staggered schedule (people taking either Monday or Friday off) both Sunday nite-Monday and Thursday nite-Friday would pick up for shopping and entertainment venues. Re: the five-day week has acquired legal significance in all sorts of ways that would not be easily discarded. Can you explain? I’m sure there’s some legal requirements with government offices and maybe banks needing to be open five days, but why would it matter if Microsoft or Ford went to a four day workweek? And why don’t we run into these issues when we do have three day weekends? Re: Real Christians and real Socialists believe in More Work, and Less Play. I don’t think traditional Christians would advocate that sort of emphasis on making money– which (let’s face it) that’s what work is all about in our world. And if we did have three day weekends the churches could get serious about preaching Sunday as a true day of rest and prayer. My own free time is so short in supply that Sunday after church turns into non-stop chores and errands until dinner time. So how about it: Less work and more prayer and contemplation on Sunday. 73. fostert says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:43 pm “I guarantee you that if you go to Cuba or Venezuela, you will be rather disappointed. ” Hector, have you ever been to Cuba? (don’t answer that here because it’s illegal to admit to it). Cuba is a great place to visit. The food, beer, and prostitutes are cheap and plentiful.
And the beaches are really nice. It’s hard to beat Cuba for decadence. But living there sucks. Tourism is the only industry that makes any money at all. That’s why your taxi driver is a neurosurgeon. He can’t feed his family on a doctor’s salary, so he moonlights as a taxi driver to make ends meet. You can try to hold up Cuba as some non-decadent socialist utopia, but I can assure you it is neither. It does have affordable high quality health care though. I’ll grant them that. As for whether I’ve been there, I’m pleading the Fifth. 4. CatM says: July 28th, 2009 at 6:50 pm Alternatively, why don’t more employers allow people to telecommute? There are several jobs where technology could allow the work to be done without employees having to physically be in the office. I think as today’s older generation ages out of corporate management, we will see more telecommuting. 75. Lisa says: July 28th, 2009 at 7:22 pm I’ve been working a 4-day / 10 hour day work week since 2001 and love it. I am also in IT like other posters and of course have to work some evenings and weekends, but mostly always get to enjoy my 3-day weekend. I visit friends, get chores down, errands, or get all my appointments on Friday.
Some on the team have Mondays off, some have Fridays, somem work 5 days, some start at 6, some start at 9, we provide great coverage that way. 76. wiley says: July 28th, 2009 at 7:36 pm The ten hour day on a day job doesn’t work for me, though I understand that it does work for some people. I tried it and was surprised to find that that “extra” day off was spent recuperating. I’m a workhorse, but spending ten hours at the store, four days a week was exhausting, especially on a swing shift. Isn’t all this automation supposed to be shortening the work week? That was the dream, wasn’t it? 77. Observer says: July 28th, 2009 at 7:38 pm Let’s add as benefits the decreased medical costs as people take advantage of 3 day weekends to exercise more, increased expenditures on recreation, entertainment, professional sports etc. leading to increased employment in those sectors and, for the retail and entertainment industries, expansion of job opportunities. 78. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 7:48 pm Re: You can try to hold up Cuba as some non-decadent socialist utopia, but I can assure you it is neither I don’t hold it up as an utopia, though certainly it has its good points. What I do claim is that people there (and in Vietnam, as you point out) still believe in hard work and shared sacrifice, which are values that too many of our chattering classes seem to disdain. Re: The measure of (wo)man is not in the amount of good s/she amasses, but rather how s/he lived his/her life and interacted with others(didn’t Jesus teach something like that? Don’t all of the Ten Commandments have to do with our interactions with others? ). ’ Yes, Chicago DP. An important part of serving and interacting with others, is using one’s labor power to help make the world a better place. As Aquinas pointed out, our talents and abilities are naturally intended to be used, not to be wasted. What I am really taking on is not people who ‘work’ few hours and spend the rest of their time growing sweet potatoes, raising clams, or volunteering at soup kitchens. Those are good things.
What I do condemn is the nihilists who want to make the world safe for pot, porn, and playstations. 79. Nostradamus says: July 28th, 2009 at 8:20 pm Why the focus on maintaining the fiction of an “on site” job for all employees. Millions of Americans sit in their cars and pollute the environment so they can sit at a desk and work at a desk with little more than a computer, printer and phone. In other words, things that can easily be replicated at home. Some jobs require “office time”, of course, but millions do not, and until we move past the antiquated vision of work as being an office job, we are wasting time, money and energy. work from home. Everybody wins. 80. Max424 says: July 28th, 2009 at 8:37 pm I worked 3 thirteens with early outs for 12 years. I loved it. But most of my fellow workers hated it. They felt such a schedule provided too much free time and forced them to live life. Management hated it too.
They felt the wool was being pulled over their eyes, somehow. But when I would point out the alternative, to go back to 5 eights which meant paying overtime out the kazoo, they usually told me to get my peasant ass out of their office. 81. Glaivester says: July 28th, 2009 at 8:40 pm On the other hand, Hector, what we are talking about here is not necessarily working less, but working for wages less.
One could devote a great deal of their extra free time to spiritual pursuits or volunteering. 2. Change we can all believe in…a 4 day work week is good for the environment « Life of a Gaander says: July 28th, 2009 at 8:51 pm [… ] The Four Day Work Week [… ] 83. wiley says: July 28th, 2009 at 8:56 pm Time to spend with friends and family. Time to spend alone. Time for physical activity, nature, experimenting, exploring, traveling. Idle, unstructured time to do absolutely nothing is absolutely necessary to any creative endeavor. Of course, the Protestants will call the most prolific people “lazy” and “self-indulgent” if they catch them incubating. Fuck ‘em. 84. Adirondacker says: July 28th, 2009 at 9:11 pm it would be an interesting social experiment to see how the families cope with different schedules.
How upper middle class of you. The proles have been dealing with odd schedules since the dawn of the industrial revolution and the invention of reliable artifical lighting. Especially the poor souls who work rotating shifts, typically a month on days, a month on evenings and a month on graveyard ( or some variant ) And it’s not unusual for middle class two working parent households to have different schedules. Dad drops the kids at daycare because he’s a 9-5er and Mom picks them up because she was able to get a job that’s 7-4. … Now let me work another 2 hours and increase my total level of wealth The only problem is that Americans ( and I assume Japanese ) have been increasing their productivity and their incomes are flat. So they are producing more per hour and still getting the same wages. Why not just work 3 days without getting any sleep and then take the rest of the week off ! I think working 10 hours a days is ridiculous. I personally cant go beyond 8 hours. This only works if the 40 hours become 35 hours like Europe The 40 hours week is a concept of post World War II. Before that people typically worked 6 days a week and 54 or 60 hours a week. And why don’t we run into these issues when we do have three day weekends? Ah the good old days…. I’m old enough to remember when Americans got federal holidays off.
The month of November had three, Election Day, Columbus Day and Thanksgiving Day. Many many people who had those three days off also got the day after Thanksgiving off. The economy didn’t collapse, things still got done…. Those are good things. What I do condemn is the nihilists who want to make the world safe for pot, porn, and playstations. Pot, porn and playstations employ people. Just because you don’t approve of them doesn’t mean someone else doesn’t find value in them. 85. superdestroyer says: July 28th, 2009 at 9:19 pm Anniston Army Depot tried this a few years ago.
What they saved in utility expenses they lost in productivity. Productivity feel off some much the last two hours and they realized it was not worth it. 86. S. P. Gass says: July 28th, 2009 at 9:36 pm I agree strongly with CatM on this. In addition to compressed chedules, teleworking/telecommuting can make a big difference. My Congressman, Frank Wolf, is a big proponent of it. I have a blog called The Low-Tech Times, but technology allowing people to work from home is technology I believe in. As far as Superdestroyer’s comment on lost productivity during compressed schedules, I would argue that assuming the average office worker spends his/her first 20 minutes of the day reading emails from friends and surfing the web, then someone on a 4 day workweek schedule would spend 20 minutes less time goofing off each week than someone on a traditional 5 day schedule. I’ve worked a 4-10 schedule and it is a long day with the commute. Last century, when I was working for a freight railroad, I think I worked 21 days straight at one point. Fortunately, the FRA regulations have been revised giving railroad employees at least a day off after six. A 4-10 schedule may not work for all offices, but if employers allow it to be an option, it can only help for those who want it. The best approach is a combination of offering flexible schedules and telecommuting. 87. superdestroyer says: July 28th, 2009 at 9:41 pm Gass, Anniston Army Depot is a working capital funded organization. They only get paid for the weapon systems they repair and pay their overhead out of the working fund. They went to a four day week thinking they would save on utilities and startup costs.
However, workers were so tired by the 9th and 10th hour that there was little producivity. A 4-10 work week got them 32 hours of producivity with forty hours of payroll expense. My guess is that it will matter little at the DMV in Utah but things like Safety inspectors or environmental compliance officers are losing a ton of productivity since they work on other people’s time schedules. 88. Anthony says: July 28th, 2009 at 9:51 pm There are countries with a much better social system than ours. France doesn’t quite have the productivity of America, but they have Universal Health Care, Free upper education, among other things and ummm there’s society isn’t falling apart.
Neither are people “burned” out from working too much, they have plenty of vacation time (4 weeks a year or more). The people that want the Status Que to remain are selfish, noticed they always talk about a change in social policy would only effect them negatively, which they make up such a small portion of the population, I say SCREW them. They don’t wanna upset their “Masters” so they rail against anything that would benefit the many and leave almost nobody out. I’m already down to a 17. 5 hour work week, increasing it to say 35 would be okay with me. Tell you what, if you want to work 45-50 hours a week, then you start your own company and you work those hours. 89. M. E. says: July 28th, 2009 at 10:34 pm “What I do condemn is the nihilists who want to make the world safe for pot, porn, and playstations. ” I can tell you from the people I know in those industries, they work pretty hard. It’s not how hard you work, it’s what you do with your life. I can see more time offering more possibilities. 90. S. P. Gass says: July 28th, 2009 at 10:40 pm Superdestroyer, I hear you that productivity on different schedules will depend on the nature of the work. I’m glad Anniston Army Depot at least tried it. It may not work out perfectly everywhere, but I think it will work at many places and reduce traffic. I’ve worked at a govt agency with an AWS (alternate work schedule) allowing for 8 nine hour days and 1 eight hour day each two-week pay period. I’ve also worked in the private sector for a company that had a “Summer Fridays” program where you could leave early on Fridays during the summer. In both cases, I didn’t see any significant productivity problems. While I can understand with long days, some people may get tired/less productive… I believe that flexible schedules can lead to increased morale/higher productivity. 91. Fencedude says: July 28th, 2009 at 10:56 pm Hector is quite possibly the least fun person on the face of the planet. (also you will pry my Playstation/DS/PSP/Wii/etc out of my cold, dead hands) 92. Hector says: July 28th, 2009 at 10:57 pm Re: On the other hand, Hector, what we are talking about here is not necessarily working less, but working for wages less. One could devote a great deal of their extra free time to spiritual pursuits or volunteering. That’s true, and if that happened it would be perfectly OK. What I oppose is the “less work, more play” ethos that I feel is at the heart of a some cultural liberals’ conception of the world. Re: Pot, porn and playstations employ people.
Just because you don’t approve of them doesn’t mean someone else doesn’t find value in them. Do I look like I give a tinker’s d*mn? In a healthy and sane society we would not ask whether some people claim to find value in them. Rather we would ask whether they have intrinsic and objective value, to which the answer is clearly no. Contrary to what the postmodernists would like to think, we do not make our own values nor do we create our own purposes in life. Value and purpose are pre-existing realities, not things we arbitrarily choose or invent. 93. crease says: July 28th, 2009 at 11:53 pm Hector what the hell is wrong with POT? ,G-d put it here for a reason beyond hemp,what the hell is wrong with porn? ell were only human and Sex is normal whether it`s for LGBT and straight. Playstation is a blast and I`m 50 years old hell you should play Wii it`s awesome it`s a great time with my daughter. 94. Max424 says: July 28th, 2009 at 11:55 pm @83 wiley: “Of course, the Protestants will call the most prolific people “lazy” and “self-indulgent” if they catch them incubating. ” Indeed. I’ve spent my entire life making damn sure I was always one step ahead of the Protestants. It’s hard work, however, and defeats the very purpose of seeking to live outside their ethic. 95. Hector says: July 29th, 2009 at 12:25 am By the way, I dislike being called a Protestant and would prefer that you not do it. I am a member of the Anglican branch of the One Catholic Apostolic Faith. And I thoroughly agree with every one of the Catholicizing influences of the Oxford Movement- transubstantiation, genuflection, veneration of the sinlessly conceived Mother of God, the whole shebang. So drop the ‘Protestant’ line, please. 96. Hector says: July 29th, 2009 at 12:27 am Re: what the hell is wrong with porn? well were only human and Sex is normal whether it`s for LGBT and straight. Crease, If you think that porn is a kind of sex, then you probably think Scientology is a kind of religion. 97. Will says: July 29th, 2009 at 12:29 am Forgive me if someone already mentioned this, but some agencies in the U. S. Federal Government offer a compressed work schedule, spread over 2 weeks, where you work eight 9 hour days, one 8 hour day, and one day off. It equals 80 hours over two weeks, and there are 26 three day weekends each year.
This does not include holidays (10) and vacation days earned (13-26 depending on tenure). Some agencies offer work at home once a week as well, so over the course of two weeks, employees have the option to be in the office 7 of 10 possible days. 98. Wiley says: July 29th, 2009 at 12:36 am I didn’t call you anything, Hector, and I don’t give a flying fuck about your religious affiliations; but you clearly identified with something I said. 99. Brett says: July 29th, 2009 at 2:11 am As a Utah, I can definitely comment on this – it was a good idea, although there were some concerns over whether or not public transportation was lining up properly with the system. I’m also kicking myself because I work for a university that was doing the 4 Day Week, but then a new administrator came in and decided that she wanted the university open all the time, so we went back to the Five Day Week (much to the consternation of most of the employees). 100. foster says: July 29th, 2009 at 6:57 am “Anglican branch of the One Catholic Apostolic Faith” Wow. You’d think after Henry VIII and Elizabeth, they wouldn’t use the word ‘Catholic’. That’s audacious. It seems the origins of that faith are specifically in conflicts with the Catholic Church. 101. oster says: July 29th, 2009 at 7:19 am “Rather we would ask whether they have intrinsic and objective value, to which the answer is clearly no. ” So tell me, Hector what is the intrinsic and objective value of God. He is of no substance, so I can’t sell him without committing fraud. By any objective standard, He doesn’t exist. Old fairy tales are not evidence, and there is no physical evidence, so there is not even a possibility of making an objective observation of God. You either believe it or you don’t. It’s nothing but faith because there never can be evidence. So why devote a portion of our economy to something that has no intrinsic or objective value? The point here is that what you believe is intrinsic and objective is actually just an opinion based on one interpretation of one translation of one of a plethora of religious texts. Yours is no better or more real than any of the others. Unless it can be proven through experimentation, it really doesn’t mean anything.
And much of it can be easily disproven. The ideas in these books are meant to guide you, not lock you into believing some dogma and closing your eyes to the world. People have very different opinions about how they want to live their lives. That’s why we mostly let them do it. But what you are saying is that we must be forced to conform to a specific outlook on life based on only some old text. Okay, let’s do it. Let’s all convert to Salafi Islam. What? Don’t want to do that? I thought the whole idea was to blindly follow some old text.
But it’s a lot different when it’s not your text, isn’t it? The Bible isn’t my text, and if it were, it wouldn’t be your translation or interpretation anyway. So don’t try to ram it down my throat. 102. onceler says: July 29th, 2009 at 11:49 am up, sign me up asap, i want 4 ten-hour days, (an 8 hour day uses up a whole day anyway) and 3 real weekend days. life would be so much better. 103. Everybody’s Working For The Weekend « Around The Sphere says: July 30th, 2009 at 11:37 am [… ] Matthew Yglesias [… ] 104. Admin 4workingdays says: August 4th, 2009 at 8:39 am Hey guys, I think this could work as they already doing it in Utah. I am a web developer guy, so I created a website where I am trying to collect signatures for this idea. If you feel like please come and sign it at https://www. 4workingdays. com Thanks a lot Thomas
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Understanding Quality Information
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Improving Organization Retention
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The Valuable Lesson i Learned
Before there was Miss. Dee the school teacher, or the successful student striving for nothing but the best in life, there was missy; the girl that thought she was invincible. I was always the semi-popular one growing up, to many it may have seemed as though I had it all: both of my parent’s in the same house, I was an honor student, Vice President of the nationally recognized Highsteppers drill team.
Not only was I focused; I was happy. “If you listen, you might actually learn something,” was a statement I heard too often from my mom as a seventeen year old teenager.
Once senior year arrived, I can honestly say that I was truly a different person; someone that I didn’t recognize. I began hanging around with a “new crowd”, skipping school, running away from home, drinking and smoking, something that I’d never tried before; But, while I was trying so hard to fit in, I never realized how many people I would hurt in the process, including myself, and the serious consequences I was going to have to face along the way. Living as a teenage runaway proved to be more difficult than I had imagined. My life consisted of partying Monday through Friday, and very little sleep.
I lost twenty pounds during my downward spiral and, every meal I’d eaten was treated like it would be my last. I missed my normal lifestyle; I missed my family and friends, especially my mom.
Throughout all of the stress I’d placed my mom; she was always there for me.
Regardless of all the negative feelings my father may have felt towards me, my mom always made sure that I was able to reach out to her; if I wanted to come home she always welcomed me with open arms. The day that I realized I needed to change and get my life back on track is one that I’ll never forget; I had run away from home to go to a college party with some of my friends in another city, and while there I began to have an uneasy feeling about one of the guys that had driven us out of town, so I decided that I was just going to wait in the car for everyone until the party was over. Or better yet, call my mom to come get me, because I was done with this life. However that night, I became a victim; I was Raped.
Today, I am proud to say that not only am I a successful school teacher and tudent, but I have a great relationship with my family again. It has been three years since that chapter of my life and thankfully, I have done a complete turn around.
I hope to someday help young ladies that are in the situation I was once faced with and, give them the encouragement needed to be the best that they can be, instead of trying to be something that they’re not. The most valuable lesson that I’ve learned thus far, is the one that I learned from my mother. She always told me, “Never allow yourself to become a follower;” And from that day on, I’ve been a leader.
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Alam
BERYL’S PLACE At Beryl’s it’s all about delivering the best chocolates in Malaysia. Beryl’s chocolate wonderland Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan Beryl’s chocolate kingdom Jalan Imbi , Kuala Lumpur PRODUCT Beryl’s product carries this implied promise of the very best in chocolate products and the Beryl’s brand is now synonymous with that expectation. We commit a substantial amount of time, effort and resources towards the development of unique chocolate combinations. Many of these use local and regional ingredients including durians, mangoes and even chilies to create chocolate blends like no other.
This development process starts however with the finest raw materials including some of the world’s best cocoa beans from Ghana. The use of the best raw material is, we believe important in ensuring the finest finished products. The examples of Beryl’s product are: *PANNED CHOCOLATE * BAR CHOCOLATE * MINI CHOCOLATE *TIRAMISU CHOCOLATE PROMOTION Promotion strategy for market expansion The following are some of the strategies used by Beryl’s for market expansion: • Availability of BERYL’S enhanced through an expansion of the vending machine network. New consumption opportunities for chocolates and confectionery were identified and developed in areas like railway platforms, college canteens and major events. • Beryl’s give sample at several supermarket to people taste it before buy. PRICE The price of Beryl’s chocolate is cheaper than the other chocolates from other country. It is because the factory of Beryl’s chocolate located at Malaysia. So, it only use less cost to transport the chocolates to supermarket or shop nearby. PRICING STRATEGY A key advantage of maintaining a strong brand image in a competitive market is a degree of flexibility in the pricing strategy.
It is a common characteristic of imperfectly competitive markets for producers to concentrate on non-price competition. When looking at the pricing strategy for Beryl’s, it can be seen from the figures that the real price has remained remarkably stable over the last sixty years. CADBURY PLACE In 1824, quaker John Cadbury opened a small shop in Birmingham, England, where he sold tea, coffee, cocoa and drinking chocolate. This humble beginning would eventually grow into a giant company that today exports products around the world. Major markets include: Australia Canada New Zealand United Kingdom United States
PRODUCT In fact, Cadbury’s had become a brand virtually generic to chocolates. Then chocolates were used to reward and reinforce positive behavior and hence were categorized as a luxury reserved for special occasions. This was, a stark contrast to the west where chocolates were snacked on, eaten as mini meals or just to suppress pangs of hunger. The examples of Cadbury product are: CRUNCHIE DAIRY MILK TIME OUT CREME EGG PROMOTION STRATEGY Advertising A TV ad campaign was devised illustrating one of the important consumption occasions (watching TV in the evening), and it was aired for eight weeks.
This advertisement reached 85% of the market and was seen by every adult in the target audience at least seven times. Sampling From experience, Cadbury knew that in-store sampling was vital for a successful launch of dairy milk. A major sampling and couponing campaign was devised whereby three-day sampling events were carried out. Public Relations One of the most underestimated areas of the marketing mix, PR is invaluable for awareness building of an intended usage occasion. PR can reach consumers when they are least expecting it, and outside the normal forms of contact like instore,TV etc. PRICE Despite intensifying competition for target share and a stream of new product, pitted against each other, the price line of Cadbury had move upward over the past one year. *Brands such as Cadbury’s Eclairs, where the unit price is lower, have seen a sharperner price hike. *MAXIMUM RETAIL PRICE- based execise duties, which have been introduced on chocolates in the latest budget could also add to the production cost especially in the premium categories. FACTORS INFLUENCING PRICING OF CADBURY Internal Factors • *Corporate and marketing objectives of the firm. *The image sought by the firm through pricing. *The characteristics of the product. Price elasticity of demand of the product. *The stage of the product on the product life cycle. *Use pattern and turn around rate of the product. External Factors *Market characteristics. *Buyer’s behavior in respect of the given product. *Bargaining power of major customers. *Competitors pricing policy. *Government controls. CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. https://www. cadbury. co. uk/home/Pages/home. aspx 2. https://www. berylschocolate. com/ 3. https://www. kraftfoodscompany. com/Brands/largest-brands/brands-C/Pages/creme_egg. aspx 4. https://www. koko. gov. my/lkmbm/loader. cfm? PageNum_dbdata=2&viewMode=archive&type=News&id=95 5.
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Scarlet Fever
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Regulating Inventory
Regulating Inventory – An Examination of AASB 102 “Inventories” Inventories are in essence what organisations hold with an intention to sell, however directly or indirectly. For most businesses, this is how their profits are made, and it is reasonable to assume that these items account for much of an organisation’s activities. Such a big influence on indicators of financial performance and position warrants an equally large need for regulation to ensure that users of the financial statements are given a clear picture of the state the organisation is in. The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is responsible for developing the standards that govern the way reporting entities disclose their accounting figures.
Despite much international debate, the regulation of inventories has changed over the years, and problems that appear in even the current regulations make it likely that more changes are to come. The standards governing inventories are contained in AASB 102 “Inventories. Paragraph 6 of this standard defines inventories as assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the process of production for such sales, or held in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or rendering of services (2009). In order to give more conservative figures for the value of inventories held, they are to be valued at the “lower of cost and net realisable value” under paragraph 9, net realisable value being defined in paragraph 7 as the net amount expected to be realised from the sale of the inventory in the ordinary course of business. The “cost” of inventories is defined as “all costs of purchase and conversion, and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition,” in paragraph 10. Paragraphs 11-15 define the three elements of this cost. The “cost of purchase” includes in addition to the purchase price, any costs incurred in the acquisition of the finished goods less any discounts or rebates. Conversion costs” includes costs incurred in the production of the finished goods, such as direct labour. In compliance with paragraph 6 of AASB 102, paragraph 12 states that fixed production and manufacturing overheads, such as factory depreciation or rent, must also be allocated to the cost of inventories as they are incurred as conversion costs to the same extent as direct labour and other variable costs (Deegan, 2010, pp. 227). This is done using the “absorption costing” method, the method required by AASB 102, although “standard costs,” that is predetermined product costs based on prior planning, can be used where they can be attained realistically and reviewed regularly. In order to provide consistent cost figures, paragraph 13 prescribes that costs be allocated based on “normal capacity,” the production expected to be achieved based on the average production of past periods, and taking into account diminished production levels resulting from planned maintenance. However actual production levels may be used if they approximate normal capacity.
Additionally AASB 102 allows different methods of measuring cost for service providers, agricultural produce harvested from biological assets, and retailers. Paragraph 19 requires that service providers include labour, other costs of personnel directly engaged in providing the service, and attributable overheads. In administering the measurement of agricultural inventories, paragraph 20 makes reference to another standard AASB 141, which requires that the cost harvested inventories be measured at their fair value less the costs to sell at the point of harvest.
The retail method is set out in paragraph 22, and requires the cost of inventory to be determined by reducing the sales value of the inventory by an average gross margin (i. e mark-up) percentage for each relevant department, taking into account any mark-ups or mark-downs applied. |Cost ($) |Cost relating to | | | |inventory | |Rent – administration building |20 000 | | |Rent – factory building |25 000 |25 000 | |Office stationery |500 |- | |Salaries – administrative staff |30 000 |- | |Salaries – factory staff |20 000 |20 000 | |Raw materials |5 000 |5 000 | |Freight n of raw material |1 000 |1 000 | |Freight out to customers |1 000 |- | |Depreciation – plant |1 500 |1 500 | |Depreciation – office furniture |1 000 |- | |Late payment expense on raw materials |500 |- | |Total |105 500 |52 500 | |Table 1. 0 – Example of costs | An example of a set of costs can be found in Table 1. 0. In this example, AASB 102 requires that the purchase and freight of raw materials be included as costs of purchase as they are directly attributable to the acquisition of finished goods. The rent and depreciation of the factory and salaries of factory staff are to be included in the cost of inventories as costs of conversion as they are incurred in the process of converting the materials into finished goods. Under paragraph 16, the salaries of administrative staff, rent of the administration building, and depreciation of office furniture are not included as they are not incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location. Freight out to customers does not take place in the process of acquiring finished goods or converting materials and so is not included, and although the late payment expense seems to be incurred in the process of acquisition or conversion, it is more a consequence of the mismanagement of accounts payable (Deegan, 2010 pp. 227), and therefore not included in the cost of inventories. After the application of paragraph 10 of AASB 102, the total cost of inventories is $52 500. If for example the normal capacity for production were 10 000 units, the cost per unit of inventory would be $52 500 ? 10 000, or $5. 25. The net realisable value of the inventory will be equal to the selling price, for example $15 per unit, less the estimated cost of completion and cost necessary to make the sale (say, $5. 30 per unit), which is $9. 70 per unit. In accordance with paragraph 9, the lower of the two values is the one that should be used for reporting, which is the cost of $5. 25 per unit. To negate the impracticality of valuing each individual item of inventory, AASB 102 allows assumptions to be made regarding the cost-flow of inventories and valuation of ending inventory. Aside from the “specific identification” method, where cost is assigned to each individual item, paragraph 25 sets out that the cost of inventories may also be assigned by the “weighted average” and “first-in-first-out (FIFO)” methods.
The International Accounting Standard IAS 2 allowed another method known as “last-in-first-out (LIFO),” but the standard was amended in 2004 to prohibit it due to it being used to obtain lower tax obligations. Paragraph 25 states that an entity should use the same cost method for all inventories similar in nature and purpose. The weighted-average approach adds the period’s cost of goods to the opening inventory cost and divides the result by the total number of inventories acquired. Ending inventory is valued using this average price. The FIFO method assumes that the first goods purchased are the first goods to be sold. Under this method, the ending balance is valued based on the costs of more recent purchases.
The LIFO method is the opposite of FIFO, where the ending balance is valued based on the costs of earlier purchases (Deegan, 2010 pp. 234). As far as reporting is concerned, if the physical inventories follow the same assumptions the selected cost-flow method uses, no material problems arise. However, problems become more apparent when the cost-flow method is only reflected by accounting figures and not by actual inventory flow. Where prices normally increase over time due to inflation, the LIFO method assumes that more recent purchases, which are more expensive, are sold first. This results in a higher cost of goods sold which equates to a lower profit, and an understatement of ending inventory if the newest physical goods were not the first goods actually sold. This lower profit is one of the reasons LIFO was a popular tool for reducing income tax. LIFO can also distort major ratios such as the current, debt-to-equity, and turnover ratios.
Another limitation of LIFO is that the valuation process cannot be run smoothly throughout the year; In essence, it is a year-end calculation – more information relies on forecasts of future prices instead of the inventory lready on hand (Gibson, 2002), which results in an increased need for adjustments, a higher possibility of errors occurring, and higher costs to oversee the system. Such problems have seen LIFO eventually being prohibited by the International Accounting Standards Board in 2004. |[pic] | |Graph 1. 0 – Profit differences of LIFO & FIFO | The FIFO method reflects the actual inventory-cost-flow of most entities (especially those trading perishable items) and is favoured by the IASB and AASB over the prohibited LIFO. However, even the FIFO method is also far from flawless. With prices usually rising, the assumption that the first goods purchased are the first to be sold results in the reported figure for profit being inflated (as shown in Graph 1. 0), due to the cost of goods sold remaining at a historical level, although the cost to replace that good has risen (Miller, 2004). Although paragraph 32 and 33 of AASB 102 allows adjustments to be made to the values of inventory, these only include write-downs of net realisable value, and the reversal of such write-downs. The Framework of the AASB for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements sets out the objective of financial statements as being to provide understandable, relevant, reliable, and comparable information that is useful to a wide range of users in the course of making economic decisions (AASB, 2004). AASB 102 tries to establish understandability by requiring financial statements to disclose the accounting policies adopted in measuring the inventories including the cost formulas and methods used, as well as the total carrying amount of inventories and the carrying amount in classifications appropriate to the entity, the carrying amount of inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell, the amount of inventories recognised as an expense during the period, and the circumstances, results and reversals of any write-downs carried out under paragraphs 32 and 33 (2009). The characteristics “comparability” and “reliability” are perhaps the most troublesome in terms of standardisation and regulation. As different organisations may have different needs in terms of inventory management, it may be possible that methods other than the specific-identification, weighted-average, and FIFO methods may provide a more comparable view of their performances and positions, however it is clear that regulators face a situation where the risks of easy embezzlement must be weighed against the goal of easy and absolute comparability. The components of comparability and reliability are dealt with in paragraphs 9 to 22, where the methods of inventory measurement are set out, and paragraphs 23 to 33, which set out the methods of inventory valuation. In order to help prevent profit manipulation, the standard precludes LIFO from its list of inventory valuation methods. The issue of reliability is also raised in paragraph 13, which requires that total inventory costs be allocated on the basis of “normal capacity,” which is a average figure of expected production. In a case of low or idle production, unit costs would appear to be higher due to the inclusion of fixed production cost. This is dealt with by allowing the figure for normal capacity to take into account any decreased production due to planned maintenance. In a perfect standardised environment, only one set of methods would be sufficient but for now, the AASB has settled for allowing three methods of inventory valuation, and five techniques for measuring inventories. These provisions encompass a wide array of business types which allows a comfortable degree of comparability in financial data.
However, the freedom given in the valuation and measurement of inventory in order to encourage better comparability comes at the price of the possible problems arising from inconsistencies between accounting practices and physical inventory movement. These inaccuracies can lead to profit and asset balances grossly over or under-stated, giving users a tainted picture of an organisation’s condition. While covering a lot of ground, it is quite clear that the current standards governing inventory reporting have room for improvement.
References – Australian Accounting Standards Board (2009, November 2). AASB 102 Inventories. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from https://www. aasb. com. au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09. pdf – Australian Accounting Standards Board (2004, July). Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. Retrieved April 30, 2010, from https://www. aasb. com. u/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-04_COMPjun09_01-09. pdf – Deegan, C. (2010). Australian Financial Accounting (6th ed. ). North Ryde, NSW: McGraw Hill – Gibson, S. C. (2002, October). LIFO vs FIFO: a return to the basics. Retrieved May 3, 2010, from https://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0ITW/is_2_85/ai_n14897182/ – Miller, P. B. W. (2004, June 1). It’s time to get rid of LIFO conformity: IASB’s move to ban LIFO deserves a thoughtful response.
Retrieved April 29, 2010, from https://www. allbusiness. com/government/business-regulations/171735-1. html ———————– 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sub-period No. Sales Price LIFO Profit FIFO Profit Cost
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Monde Nissin Corporation
I. History Monde Nissin Corporation has been providing Filipino consumers high quality products and excellent service for more than 29 years. In June 1980, the first Nissin biscuit was rolled out of the Laguna plant.
Since then, Monde Biscuits has been a consistent top player in the market. Among the first few fast-selling biscuits were “Nissin Butter Coconut” and “Nissin Wafer”. With the company’s drive for excellence and continuous innovation, Monde Nissin subsequently ventured into instant noodles in November of 1989 Encouraged by the popularity gained by LuckyMe! Instant Mami (noodles with soup in pouches), Monde Nissin came up with other first, such as LuckyMe! Pancit Canton (noodles without soup in pouches), the first dry noodle in the market, and LuckyMe! Supreme La Paz Batchoy, the first bowl noodle available in that flavor. For more than two decades now, Monde Nissin has steadily and aggressively risen to be one of the country’s leading food manufacturers. From its first biscuit, Monde Nissin Corporation has evolved into a premier food company, which has consistently been among the Philippines Top 100 companies since year 2000.
Objectives • To know the process of making noodles. • To determine how strong and competitive they are in the market.
• To determine whether instant noodles is healthy for us or not. II. *THE PROCESSING OF THEIR PRODUCTS During our visit in LuckyMe! Noodle Factory we learn the process of making noodles. Monde Nissin’s processing and manufacturing facilities are efficient and dependable.
Here, quality biscuits are processed, packed and sealed. Systems are constantly studied and improved. Computers help to minimize waste and maximize productivity. People are trained to maintain hygiene and safety on the job. Checks are done to assure product quality.
The manufacturing plant is ISO-9001-2000 certified. High impact advertising and promotions build strong market base. An efficient distribution ensures product availability nationwide. All this to fulfill the company thrust to build strong and powerful brands.
*LUCKYME! ’S COMPETITIVENESS IN THE MARKET. Instant noodles have become a norm in Filipino’s daily life because of its affordability and taste. The leading brand in the country is the LuckyMe!. Everyday the company produces over 6 million of many varieties of noodles. The brand LuckyMe! Has a high impact to Filipino consumers, they always maintain the good quality of their products which is one reason why most consumers purchase their products.
But what makes LuckyMe the leading brand of noodles in the country is because of its high impact advertising and promotions. Popular actors and actresses, who endorse the company’s products, help the company to get huge sales in the market.
They are good in doing commercials; they know how to catch the attention of viewers. Their advertising and promotions are very effective to Filipino consumers and because of these the company has built a strong market base. *ARE INSTANT NOODLES BAD FOR US? When you say instant noodles the first word that you will think is “PRESERVATIVES”. LuckyMe! Add preservatives during processing to keep noodles fresh.
There are two kinds of preservatives the Natural and the Artificial, and LuckyMe is using only Natural preservatives. But what is the difference between the two? The main difference is that the natural preservative is found in and made by nature, while the artificial is synthetically derived in or man-made. Are preservatives bad? Studies show that preservatives are not bad for us. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified preservatives as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) ingredient and have been using for centuries to help the food we eat as safe as possible. LuckyMe! Use only natural preservatives in the form of mixed tocopherols.
Natural mixed tocopherols help keep it fresh and maybe sourced from nuts, cereals, soybeans, grapes seeds among others. They are most internationally accepted preservative for instant noodles. Instant noodles have really become a norm in our society. Busy people, who don’t have time to prepare healthy meals, buy instant noodles because it is very easy to prepare, and because of its taste and most of them are office workers and college students.
Eating too much noodles is bad for us because that only means that you are risking your health. Even though the FDA classified preservatives as safe to eat, instant noodles are still not healthy for us. Just look at the label, it is high in calories and carbohydrates. In our own opinion, instant noodles are not healthy because of the preservatives and the ingredients it contains. We are not saying that we should stop eating noodles.
There is nothing wrong in eating instant noodles, however we should eat it in moderation, we shouldn’t eat too much of it and we should complement it with a variety of food to make up a holistic balance diet. *LUCKYME! DURING THE TIME OF GLOBAL RECESSION All of us are aware of the global recession in 2008, businesses not only the well-known company but also the small entities are greatly affected, there are no exemptions.
But in the case of Lucky Me, as we observe it, it was not directly or totally affected by global recession, its product is suited to the financial crisis. Nowadays, there is urgently searching for cheapest food, luckily, Lucky Me instant noodles are cheaper, very affordable, even the poor ones can afford it. Really, Lucky Me instant noodles itself help ts financial status to be stable, to survive amidst of global financial crisis, that we can observe very rare on this time. *LUCKY ME VERSUS STAPLE FOODS Nowadays, some people enjoy eating instant foods like noodles, others wants staple foods like rice, corn, camote and cereals.
As we know Lucky Me instant noodles is very well-known even when we have a staple foods, likewise if we try to observe most employees, students, professionals and non-professionals enjoy eating Lucky Me instant noodles because it is affordable and it is not time consuming. In this regard, Lucky Me instant noodles, although it is prone to some illnesses like cancer, kidney problem, still consistent to be popular than the staple foods. But in our own opinion, it’s not healthy for us to replace rice with instant noodles. Rice is our staple, and instant noodles as we said are not healthy for us because of the preservatives and other ingredients it contains, but we cannot make people to stop eating instant foods, especially noodles, others are so busy with their jobs and in schools that they don’t have time to prepare a meal. IV.
Lucky Me produces good products, somehow there are things that as a consumer expect more from them but unfortunately this expectations are not given attention. There are some recommendation/suggestion we want to share all about Lucky Me through observation that we think might help them to get more market share than to their competitors: PACKAGING From the start up to this time, we cannot see any changes in the packaging of Lucky Me, specifically the dry and wet noodles. As we observe it, it was made from plastic and also the seasoning. As a consumer, as a suggestion, why don’t they replace it, make it more attractive because as we can see their packaging compared to their direct competitors is almost the same.
To make it environmental –friendly product, why don’t they lessen the plastic, change it to a hard paper fit to the product except to the liquid seasoning, so from that they can also lessen the bulking of junk in our society. COMPLETENESS OF THE PRODUCT The word completeness is very necessary in Lucky Me product, specifically the instant noodles, it has seasoning. But sometimes as a consumer we observe that some seasonings are missing. So, as a recommendation, why don’t they focus on assuring that their products are complete to ensure that the consumer will be satisfied. III.
LuckyMe! Is the leading brand of noodles in the country. Their advertising and promotions made them no.
1 among other brands of noodles. During processing of their products the company adds preservatives to keep noodles fresh. There is always an issue of whether instant noodles are healthy for us or not. Studies show that preservatives are safe to eat and Monde Nissin add vitamins now to its noodles to make it a little healthy and they use only natural preservatives in the form of mixed tocopherols.
But still, instant noodles are not healthy for us, in our own opinion because of the ingredients in contains. However we can make eating noodles less risky, we can add vegetables and other variety of foods to our noodles. Monde Nissin has really gained a position in the market, and during the time of global recession in 2008, the company remained strong in the market because their products are very affordable, anyone can buy it. The company did not shrink unlike the other big businesses. Some consumers preferred noodles instead of rice, and most of these consumers are the busy people (office workers, students).
Of course, there are also Filipino consumers who prefer rice instead of noodles, but we cannot ignore the fact that instant noodles have really become a norm in our society.
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Monster Book Report
In Monster, by Walter Dean Myers, the reader learns from Steve Harmon’s experiences that sometimes guilt or innocence of a person might not be determined by solid evidence but by onlooker’s opinions and interpretation of the crime. There is not a large amount of scientific evidence in the case against Steve Harmon, so the jury must rely on Steve’s background information, their opinions of guilt and innocence, and the testimonies of the witnesses who are mostly criminals. From Steve’s trial, the reader learns that a persons guilt or innocence is often determined by their status in life, even by coincidence.
In a journal one of Steves entries he ponders, “What did I do? Anybody can walk into a drugstore and look around.
Is that what I’m on trial for? I didn’t do nothing! I didn’t do nothing! But everybody is just messed up with the pain. I didn’t fight with Mr. Nesbitt. I didn’t take any money from him” [Myers 115]. This quote shows that Steve believes he is innocent and that it was a mere coincidence that he was in the store just before the robbery.
Steve Harmon lives in the same neighborhood as “Bobo” Evans, James King and Osvaldo Cruz and he is acquainted with all three men. The fact that Steve was in the store and knew all the people involved in the crime leads the jury to believe that he was a part of the crime.
Steve’s innocence or guilt will be partly determined because of these things.
The testimonies during the trial will also affect the jury’s verdict of guilt or innocence. Mrs. Henry’s testimony showed Harmon‘s innocence. When she was called to the stand, Petrocelli questioned Henry about what she had witnessed.
Mrs. Henry stated, “I saw two young men engaged in an argument. Then I saw one of them grab the drugstore owner by the collar” [Myers 163]. This tells the jury that either Steve is an extremely bad look out or that it was a coincidence and he was set up. This testimony could lead the jury to believe that Steve could be innocent or that the witness was questionable and unreliable.
Later, Petrocelli asked Mrs. Henry to identify one of the men in the store. She clearly pointed out James King. “Let the record show that Mrs.
Henry has indicated that the defendant, James King, was one of the men in the drugstore on that day” (Myers 164). This means that there was only one other man in the store who helped commit the crime.
That man was Mr. “Bobo” Evans. According to Mrs. Henry’s testimony, it could be determined that Steve had already left the area and there was nothing he could do to stop the murder of Mr.
Nesbitt. This also means that the jury’s opinions on certain issues can affect the outcome of a trial.
Finally, this book shows that the guilt or innocence of a person may be determined by how the jury feels on political issues, or how they interpret what has been said. In the united states ,a person is supposed to be assumed innocent until proven guilty but Defense attorney Kathy O’Brien argues that innocent people are often considered guilty, “But in reality it depends on how the jury interprets the case” (Myers 79).
In the case of Steve Harmon, the line between guilt and innocence is very hazy, so the jury must come to a verdict by using scientific evidence, the testimonies, background information, their own opinions, and finally their interpretation. The difference between guilt and innocence is reflected in the eyes of the jury.
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English “Speak” Essay
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Swot Analysis of Starbucks and Future Scenarios
Week 3 assignment Bus 520
SWOT Analysis of Starbucks and Future Scenarios that May Affect Their Success
The complete SWOT analysis that analyzes Starbucks’ current situation and prospects are as follows:
Strengths:
- Product diversification.
- Established logo, developed brand, copyrights, trademarks, website and patents.
- Company-operated, retail stores, International stores (no franchise).
- High visibility locations to attract customers.
- Valued and motivated employees, good work environment.
- Good relationships with suppliers.
- Industry market leader.
- Globalized.
- Customer base loyalty.
- Product is the last socially accepted addiction.
- Widespread and consistent.
- Knowledge-based.
- Strong Board.
- Strong financial foundation.
Weaknesses:
- Size.
- Lack of internal focus (too much focus on expansion).
- Ever increasing number of competitors in a growing market.
- Self-cannibalization.
- Cross-functional management.
- Product pricing (expensive).
Opportunities:
- Expansion into retail operations.
- Technological advances.
- New distribution channels (delivery).
- New products.
- Distribution agreements.
- Brand extension.
- Emerging international markets.
- Continued domestic expansion/domination of segment.
Threats:
- Competition (restaurants, street carts, supermarkets, other coffee shops, other caffeine-based products).
- US market saturation.
- Coffee price volatility in developing countries.
- Negative publicity from poorly treated farmers in supplying countries.
- Consumer trends toward more healthy ways and away from caffeine.
- Fragile state of the worldwide production of specialty coffees.
- Alienation of younger, domestic market segments.
- Corporate behemoth image.
- Cultural and Political issues in foreign countries.
A more specific look into Starbucks’ prospects includes Expansion and Acquisition. Starbucks Coffee Canada, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Starbucks Coffee Company (NASDAQ: SBUX) today announced it has reached an agreement to acquire substantially all of the assets, including development and operating rights from Coffee Vision, Inc. ("CVI") and Coffee Vision Atlantic, Inc. ("CVAI"), its licensee in Quebec and Atlantic Canada. Upon closing this transaction on August 25, 2008, Starbucks will transition approximately 40 licensed locations to company-operated locations. In addition, Starbucks will also acquire full development and operation rights for retail stores in these provinces. As part of the agreement, more than 740 CVI and CVAI employees are expected to become partners (employees) of Starbucks Coffee Canada. In addition to Canada, Starbucks is also progressively expanding in China and other countries. Besides Starbucks’ successes and its continuous expansion, it still has external factors impacting its decisions and possible future scenarios, which they need to be aware of. The major factors are Competition and A Slowing Economy. Starbucks posted a 69% drop in fiscal first-quarter profit and announced more cost-cutting measures including layoffs and store closings. It reported a net income of $64. 3 million, or nine cents a share in the first quarter, which included charges to close stores and cut staff.
The company earned $208. 1 million, or 28 cents a share the same period a year ago. The company also announced its plans to slash 6,000 jobs in 2009 and close 200 domestic stores and 100 overseas. The closings come on top of the 600 closings the company announced in July. The company announced its plans to stop continuously brewing decaffeinated coffee after noon as part of its cost-cutting measures. Starbucks hopes the reduction will save $400 million by September. Decaf coffee will be available by request. Due to the harsh economic downturn, Starbucks (coffee powerhouse) is now suffering both in making profits and in losing its stores. According to Troy Alstead, executive vice president, and CFO; “With a solid balance sheet, strong cash flow, and healthy liquidity, Starbucks is well-positioned to weather the challenging global economy“. In the absence of these strong and healthy characteristics that Starbucks already possesses, this global downturn would have sunk the company even deeper. I have faith in Starbucks to build on its strengths again, as well as progress even more. However, several changes must be made to see this happen. The first is for them to reduce their retail prices. I love Starbucks, not because I love coffee, but because it is such a perfect environment to hang out, study, or just relax.
However, their products are a bit on the high side. Decreasing their prices even at the expense of decreasing a little bit of the quality (if need be) will help a lot with rebuilding the company. Another factor that may pose, a positive or negative outcome is their leniency towards non-customers. I do understand their strategy in making their store very people friendly. However, it is hurting them financially. I suggest that only customers be allowed to sit in chairs and enjoy the luxuries that come with what they pay for, such as the no doubt internet and a calm environment. As a visitor of the store, I have seen people who seem like they wanted to buy things walk into the store, and upon seeing that chairs are already filled (which is always the case) walk right out. The sad thing about it is that some people sitting there do not patronize the store. They just occupy the seats, taking advantage of the Internet and the “free” space. If Starbucks could make these two changes, I do not doubt that the effect of the economic downturn will not affect them as much as it potentially could.
Reference:
- Buschman Vasel, Kathryn (2009). Starbucks Gets Burned By Slowing Economy.
- https://www. foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/retail/starbucks-gets-bur ned-slowing-economy/
- https://www. calarosbay. com
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Breastfeeding in Focus: Analyzing the Multifaceted Experience of New Mothers
Every year, approximately 4 million babies are born in the United States. This means that every year, approximately 8 million breasts are swollen with Mother Nature's own ambrosia, ready to start our children down the path to a healthy and well-adjusted life. Having a child is the most natural thing in the world to most women. Breast feeding is the the most healthy food for a newborn child. It prevents a wide range of illnesses as well as helps the mother feel better after birth. So why not breastfeed your new born? Although many people believe that breast feeding puts undue stress on a new mother, ultimately, as a mother, you will be responsible for every single feeding that your child experiences. Sure, it is true that you can pump the breasts in order to store milk or allow others to feed the baby; this can also prove to be a large hassle. Another common issue that women experience after giving birth is getting all of the weight off that they have acquired while carrying the baby. By breastfeeding, the body will naturally burn calories. This will result in less weight, and the extra weight to burn off more quickly. ;https://breastfeeding. about. com/od/breastfeedingbasics/a/proscons. htm;. Nursing is definitely time-consuming. Newborn babies typically feed every 2 to 3 hours during the day and may awaken frequently at night. There can be a certain amount of anxiety and frustration while a mother is learning the process of nursing. It is easy and convenient there is nothing to buy or prepare so it gives the mother much more freedom. Breasts are always there and the milk is always warm and ready. The mother can snooze during night feeding, this may also help her stay more relaxed during the feedings. (Nagin) Sometimes mothers have physical problems like mastitis, plugged milk ducts and engorgement if the baby is not feeding frequently or properly. Your breasts also leak, a lot. Lots of women leak quite a bit. For several months they may have to sleep with 2 sets of breast pads or a cloth diaper under their bra, and still wake up in puddles every morning. Now, most women don't leak quite this bad. That alone can make it frustrating enough to make a woman question whether they would want to continue breastfeeding and having the front of their shirts soaked all the time. Breastfeeding protects babies against Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), as well as sepsis in pre-term babies. Breast milk contains antibodies that help babies fight off infections like otitis media and respiratory problems
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Is Abortion the Right Thing to Do?
Many women today are getting pregnant, especially teenage girls. Although many believe that having an abortion is the only out of that problem, the only solution, abortion should not be legal. Most teenage girls have an abortion Because they say that there's no other way out. Well, most of those girls are wrong, there are many other options other than having an abortion, like giving the baby away to someone else that will take care of it, that would love that baby. In this paper, you'll learn why abortion should be banned. When you have an abortion you wouldn't think that later on, you could have some complications. When I say complication I mean Medical problem. "1 out of 7 women require a blood transfusion due to bleeding from an abortion"(Warren Hern of Boulder). And having a blood transfusion could get hepatitis. You could also get Bladder injury, which you could also need surgery.
One of the things that could occur is that you could get an infection from the abortion, which could lead to a very bad fever, and you could also die "this happens in 1 out of 4 abortions"( Warren Hern). "Breast cancer has risen by 50% in America since abortion became legal in 1973"(Warren Hern). One of the thing that could also happen is Abortion syndrome, which means that the mother could regret, or have memories of the abortion experience. Many women have abortion because they think it's the only way out. Well, they are wrong! One other option is having the child and giving away (adoption). Not only giving your child to anyone, first you should know a little about the person. There are many families or couples out there that dream of having a child but aren't able to. Those people will do anything to have a child and one of them is adoption. It is a much better choice than having an abortion, because you would be killing a person. So if you can't take care of your child, give him/her away to another family, and give the child a chance in life.
Although many say when you have an abortion, you're not killing a human, but a fetus or a mass of the cell. But when a woman feels a kick in her belly, she says "I fell the baby kicking" she doesn't say I fell the fetus or a mass of the cell. So inside there's a human being that is about to enter the world, and maybe change the live's of many people. having an abortion is the same thing as killing a human being out on the streets. The baby did nothing wrong, and he should not pay for your actions. Abortion is often made by teenagers, some who are still kids on the inside, not sure enough to know what choices they are making. Having an abortion doesn't only kill the baby, but could also kill you. Today many women are getting pregnant and having abortions. But they have no idea of what they are really doing, how they are hurting not only the baby, but also themselves. If you don't want to go through all of this, use protection, or birth control until you are ready and mature enough to know what you doing. And take care of your child.
Abortion is a wrong thing to do, it's a very easy way out of your mistake, and that easy way out is by taking away the life of an innocent human being.
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Is Abortion the Right Thing to Do?. (2017, Sep 22).
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David Berkowitz: the Son of Sam .44 Caliber Killer
David Berkowitz: the Son of Sam or the . 44 caliber Killer On the summer night of July 29, 1976 shots rang out in a New York City neighborhood. This marked the beginning of the . 44 caliber or the Son of Sam murders. His reign of terror would grip this city and its surrounding areas for over a year.
Sadly the Son of Sam whom was eventually identified as David Berkowitz a severely disturbed young man that fell under the several theories of crime causation. In his early life he felt awkward and scorned by his peers because of being adopted and his appearance. These feelings would later follow him into his adult life and as referred by Bardsely (n. d. )”, he would be creating fantasies that would crowd out reality and eventually David lived in a world populated by the demons his mind had created,” (22. The Blood Monster, para. 5). Further reading and research of the Son of Sam uncovers that he would have had the potential to find his way into the theories of labeling and psychological criminal causation. David Berkowitz was born Richard David Falco in Brooklyn, New York. His mother who was involved in an affair immediately gave the child up for adoption. Within the week of his birth he was adopted by Nathan and Pearl Berkowitz. While growing up under their care he began to show some characteristics of his violent tendencies that were to come. Although his parents provided and loved him he was known his neighborhood for having a violent streak, he assaulted neighborhood kids for no apparent reason. He was hyperactive and very difficult for Pearl and Nat to control (Bardsely, n. d. ). Then the tragedy that many wuld say pushed him further down his diluted path struck. Pearl had a recurrence of breast cancer in 1965 and 1967. The disease and chemo dissipated Pearl to a very meager state that was very difficult for David to handle.
Then in the fall of 1967 Pearl died. It was at this time that the delusions began to take form in his mind. After Pearl’s death David deteriorated into almost a state of paranoia. He acted out by becoming more involved in petty larceny and pyromania.
His state of mind was that of a very disturbed young man because he began to believe that her death was the part of some plan to destroy him. During this eriod of time Nathan re-married and things became even more turbulent for David as his relationship with this woman was very strained. In an effort to escape these feelings of anger, frustration, and strain from his family life David joined the army in the summer of 1971 for three years. During this time he had his only consummated sexual experience with a woman. She was a prostitute in Korea. He contracted a venereal disease as a souvenir (Bardsely, n. d. ). Before the delusions escalated to murder David began a spree of arson fires. He set 1,488 fires and kept a diary of each one. This was part of his control fantasy. He felt as if there was no control in his life but when he lit these fires he had control of even society.
Yet the fires would only ease his delusions for some time. In the Fall and Winter of 1975 began David’s cry for help as referred in Bardsely (n. d. ), David’s state of mind in November was very bleak when he wrote to his father in Florida: “It’s cold and gloomy here in New York, but that’s okay because the weather fits my mood — gloomy. Dad, the world is getting dark now. I can feel it more and more. The people, they are developing a hatred for me. You wouldn’t believe how much some people hate me. Many of them want to kill me. I don’t even know these people, but still they hate me. Most of them are young. I walk down the street and they spit and kick at me. The girls call me ugly and they bother me the most. The guys just laugh. Anyhow, things will soon change for the better. ” (20. Cry for help, para. 1). Yet no one seemed to hear his cries. He barricaded himself in his apartment only to leave for food at this time.
His bizarre fantasies drove him to start write such things on the wall as: “In this hole lives the Wicked King. Kill for my Master. I turn children into Killers. ” By Christmas Eve David’s emotional and mental state were ready to collapse into a pile of rubble and it did. He performed his first attacks at knife point on two young women. He killed at what we would perceive at random but in his diseased mind these were targets for his demons that ordered him to sacrifice them for their young beautiful blood. Following these attacks David’s delusions dissipated. It seemed as if the demons had been feed and were in a dormant state. He moved from the Bronx to a two-family home in Yonkers. Here though the delusions would grow stronger and more elaborate. The Cassara family, whom he was renting from, owned a German Sheppard who was noisy and howled frequently. He would become David’s unrelenting torment. Inside this family’s dog lived a demon that was ordering David to go hunting for blood.
This would drive him to the edge becoming even suicidal at one point. No longer able to bear he left the Cassara’s and moved to an apartment home in Yonkers. Here a man by the name of Sam Carr owned a black Labrador that would also torment David. Yet the more disturbing thing was the way these delusions were being to unravel. He began to believe that Mr. Cassara was General Jack Cosmo, commander in chief of the devil dogs roaming the streets of New York. Sam Carr at this time became host of a powerful demon by the name of Sam who worked for General Jack Cosmo. This was the demon which David refers to his later letters to the news and police. David would soon became the . 44 caliber killer in July of 1976 with his first assault at gun point.
David continued on his violent killing spree that was incited by his fantasies that had now become his reality. Then in August of 1977 Operation Omega, which was the task force assigned to the Son of Sam murders, caught a break. First they had an eye-witness at the latest scene of David’s murderous assault on a couple.
Then they began connecting the dots between the killing of Cassara’s German Sheppard and Sam Carr’s Labrador. After their pets had been murdered they both received odd and disturbing anonymous letters. They both reported these happenings to the police but no notice was taken till David was tied in to knowing them both. The biggest break that they found was through a simple traffic citation that turned everything full circle. The night of his latest murder David Berkowitz of Yonkers received a traffic citation at the scene of the crime. He was curiously tied to these two men and had an uncanny resemblance to the description of the man which the eye-witness saw that night stalking around the area.
Once it was all connected and the case that was to be brought forward again David Berkowitz was solid the Police took action on August 10, 1977. They put David’s neighborhood under surveillance. They waited patiently for hours. As the hours passed the show of force grew with their anticipation. Everyone wanted to apprehend this man who had alluded the police for so long. Finally he emerged from the apartment building with his signature brown paper bag that held is . 44 caliber gun. Once in his vehicle the officers made their advance to his car. Upon his capture David did not seemed shocked but had a smile glued on his face for the arresting officer.
After his capture and incarceration in Attica Prison David agreed to be interviewed by a veteran FBI agent by the name of Robert Ressler in 1979 that dug deeper and found what others could not. During these interviews Ressler had David admit to him “that his real reason for shooting women was out of resentment toward his own mother, and because of his inability to establish good relationships with women. ” He would become sexually aroused in the stalking and shooting of women and would masturbate after it was over (Bardsely, n. d. ). Stalking women had become a nightly game for him and if no victim was found then he would return to the scene of his previous crimes to relish in their memories. Weather David Berkowitz actually heard the demon dogs commanding him to kill for blood or he killed from pent up emotional and mental anguish of women he fits into the characteristics of one that commits crimes through the psychological theory. As stated by VonFrederick Rawlins (2005),”Psychological theory states that people commit crimes because of personality imbalances developed early in childhood. ” (para. 4). We could clearly see that David had a turbulent childhood starting as early as his birth. His lack of social development and feelings of inadequacy began very early in life as stated earlier. We could see how these inadequacies that plagued him from childhood followed into his adult life. His strange behavior would then lead him into the theory of labeling. As David grew older he saw that people labeled each other and he began noticing those labels which were bestowed on him from his appearance and strange behavior. According to VonFrederick Rawlins (2005), “Labeling theory provides the underpinning for the noninterventionist perspective.
This theory maintains that people enter into law violating careers when they are labeled for their acts and organize their personalities around such labels. In essence, if you continuously told a person that he/she was a “worthless soul on the road to perdition,” that person may just end up in prison on their way to hell. ” (para. 3). Due to the labeling which David endured in reality and in his delusions he was driven to a path that would cause criminal activity. This was a path that would lead him to a sense of control which he did not have. The Summer of Sam was a reign of terror that can be plausibly explained through the theories of crime causation that were implemented in the relentless search for the Son of Sam. All along this treacherous road that the Son of Sam followed through a little over a year of terrorizing he followed not only his demons but the theories of crime causation. He was a model to two of these theories because of his lack of social development and the series of traumatizing events that involved his childhood. These crimes like many today and in our past were not motivated by an ultimate evil but through the thoughts and emotions of a purely human man that was extremely emotionally and mentally disturbed. References Montaldo, C. (n. d. ). David Berkowitz – The Son of Sam. About. com: Crime/Punishment. Retrieved from https://crime. about. com/od/murder/p/sonofsam. htm VonFrederick Rawlins, l. c. m. (2005). Theories of Crime Causation.
The VonFrederick Group. Retrieved from https://www. vonfrederick. com/pubs/Theories%20of%20Crime%20Causation. pdf Bardsely, M. (n. d. ). Son of Sam. Tru tv Crime Library.
Retrieved from https://www. trutv. com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/berkowitz/letter_1. html
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Medical Creed Applies – my Career
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Medical Creed Applies - My Career. (2017, Sep 22).
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Social Change and Modernization
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Customer Satisfaction Towards
ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET A DISSERTATION ON “Analysis of customer satisfaction towards supermarket” Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for MBA Degree of Bangalore University BY SATISH S MUSTI Register Number 04XQCM6080 Under the guidance of Prof. Shinu Abhi M. P. Birla Institute of Management Associate Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan #43, Race Course road, Bangalore-560001 M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 1 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET DECLARATAION I hereby declare that the project report titled “Analysis of customer satisfaction towards supermarket. is a record of independent work carried out by me towards the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Business Administration course of Bangalore University, at M. P. Birla Institute of Management, Associate Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bangalore – 560001. This has not been submitted for the purpose of any award or degree or diploma of any other university or institution. Place: Bangalore Date: (Mr. Satish S Musti) 04XQCM6080. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 2 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET PRINCIPAL’S CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Satish S Musti, bearing registration no. 4XQCM6102 has undertaken a research project and has prepared a report titled “ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET”, Under the guidance of Prof.
Shinu Abhi. This has not formed a basis for the award of any degree/ diploma for any other university/Institution. Place: Bangalore Date: Dr. Nagesh. S. Malavalli M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 3 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET GUIDE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Satish S Musti, bearing registration no. 04XQCM6080 has undertaken a research project and has prepared a report titled “ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET”, Under my guidance. This has not formed a basis for the award of any degree/ diploma for any other university. Place: Bangalore Date: Prof. Shinu Abhi M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 4 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the very outset, I take the opportunity to thank Dr. Nagesh Malavalli, Principal, M. P. Birla Institute of Management for providing me with the academic support. I express my sincere regards and gratitude for every individual linked with my Research Work.
One such person is my guide for the semester Prof. Shinu Abhi, whose inspiring words made me, put in all I had to offer. His continuous guidance and suggestions are the cardinal aspects that have ultimately led me to see this fruitful end. I would like to thank all the respondents and personnel for their co-operation and providing the relevant data required. I express my sincere gratitude to all my friends and well-wishers who helped me in completing this Project Report.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank the Almighty for being there always in this endeavor. Yours truly Mr. Satish S Musti M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 5 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET CHAPTER PATICULARS Page No. 1 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION TO RETAILING
• Retailing
• Supermarket
• Retailing in India
• Indian retail market
• Food retailing in India
• FDI in retail
• Developments in retail sector 1-2 3-35 3 4 REVIEW OF LITERACTURE DESIGN OF THE STUDY
• Research gap
• Problem statement
• Objective of the study
• Scope of the study
• Contribution from the study RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• Research design
• Sources of data collection SAMPLING DESIGN
• Sample technique
• Sample unit
• Sample description RESEARCH ANALYSIS RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 6-39 40-43 5 6 7 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION MAYOR FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 44-61 62 63 M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 6 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Amidst the competitive and complex market scenario in India, it is difficult to analyze the changing attitudes, likes, dislikes and satisfactory levels of customers. The field is such that only the ending and most outstanding will survive without being choked. The attempt made here is to analysis the customer satisfaction level towards Supermarket. On the outset itself the problem was identified and defined as to assess the customer satisfaction towards food and grocery retailing and design marketing strategies for enhancement of customer happiness in clear terms with the help of a pilot survey. The researcher carried out this survey keeping in mind the need and importance of the proposed study.
And this has enabled the researcher to easily determine the scope and objectives of this study. Descriptive approach was considered ideal for the study as it entailed the ever changing opinion of the customers. Simple random sample has been taken as 100 respondents with 20 respondents from each of the retail outlet brands such as food world, subhiksha, spencers, fabmall and reliance fresh. These outlets have been from mahalaxmi layout and rajaji nagar in Bangalore north. They were considered adequate to represent the entire characteristics of the population for the study. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaire as an effective instrument. The collected data was tabulated for the purpose of consolidation and logicality, and the same was analyzed and interpreted in a judicious way to facilitate systematic progression of the subject matter of the study.
The findings were taken up for drawing logical conclusions. Based on the findings suitable suggestions and recommendations were brought out for the benefits Supermarket. The respondents were presented with a well structured questionnaire as a part of the survey method, which was easy to fill up. And the opinions of the respondents were rated on a percentage to arrive at the level of satisfaction. The main sources of data were the questionnaire and the other relevant magazines, books and websites. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 7 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Thus the survey centred on the features of Supermarket most preferred by the customers. The survey indicates that most or all-most all the customers are satisfied with provision store and it is because of its quality and availability of wide range of products, free home delivery, replacement on dissatisfied products, good packing facilities, price reduction on total purchase, friendly and helpful salesperson, good services, etc However, it is observed that there is lack of good parking facilities, discounts, coupons, ventilation, and lighting in some of the Supermarket to reach out genuinely to all masses. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 8 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET RETAILING Retailing includes all the activities involved in selling goods or services directly to final consumers for personal, nonbusiness use. A retailer or retail store is any business enterprise whose sales volume comes primarily from retailing. Any organization selling to final consumers whether it is a manufacturer, wholesaler or retailer is doing retailing. It does not matter how the goods or services are sold or where they are sold. TYPES OF RETAILERS Consumers today can shop for goods and services in a wide variety of retail organizations.
There are store retailers, nonstore retailers and retail organizations. Perhaps the Best-know type of retailer is the department store. The most important retail-store types are described. Speciality Store: Narrow product line with a deep assortment. A clothing store would be a single-line store; a men’s clothing store would be a limited-line store; and a men’s customshirt store would be a super speciality store Examples: Athlete’s Foot, The body shop Departmental store: Several product lines-typically clothing, home furnishings, and household goods-with each line operated as a separate department managed by specialist buyers or merchandisers Examples: Sears, JC Penney. Supermarket: Relatively large, low-cost, low-margin, high-volume, self-service operation designed to serve total needs for food, laundry and household products.
Examples: Kroger, Food world, big bazaar. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 9 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Convenience Store: Relatively small store located near residential area, open long hours, seven days a week and carrying a limited line of high-turnover convenience products at slightly higher prices, plus takeout sandwiches, coffee, soft drinks. Examples: 7-Eleven, Circle K. Discount Store: Standard merchandise sold at lower prices with lower margins and higher volumes.
Discount retailing has moved into speciality merchandise stores, such as discount sporting-goods stores, electronics stores and bookstores. Examples: Wal-Mart, Circuit city. Off-price retailer: Merchandise bought at less than regular wholesale prices and sold at less than retail; often leftover goods, overruns and irregulars. Examples: Sam’s club, Max clubs. Superstore: About 35000 square feet of selling space traditionally aimed at meeting consumers’ total needs for routinely purchased food and nonfood items, plus services such as laundry, dry cleaning, shoe repair, check cashing, and bill paying. A new group called category killers carries a deep assortment in a particular category and a knowledgeable staff.
Examples: IKEA, Home Depot. Catalog Show room: Broad selection of high-markup, fast-moving, brand-name goods at discount prices. Customers order goods from a catalog, and then pick these goods up at a merchandise pickup area in the store. Example: Service Merchandise. Levels of service: The wheel-of-retailing hypothesis explains one reason that new store types emerge. Conventional retail stores typically increase their services and raise their prices and less service.
New store types meet widely different consumer preferences for service levels and specific services. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 10 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Retailers can position themselves as offering one of four levels of service: 1. Self service: Self service is the cornerstone of all discounts operations. Many customers are willing to carry out their own locate-compare-select process to save money. 2. 3. Self-selection: Customers find their own goods, although they can ask for assistance. Limited service: These retailers carry more shopping goods and customers need more information and assistance. The stores also offer services (such as credit and merchandise-return privileges). 4. Full service: Salespeople are ready to assist in every phase of the locate-compareselect process. Customers who like to be waited on prefer this type of store.
The high staffing cost, along with the higher proportion of specialty good as and slowermoving items and the many services, results in high-cost retailing. MARKETING DECISIONS In the past retailers held customers by offering convenient location, special or unique assortments of goods, greater or better services than competitors and store credit cards. All of this has changed. Today, national brands such as Calvin Klein, Izod and Levi’s are found in department stores, in their own shops, in merchandise outlets and in off-price discount stores. In their drive for volume, national-brand manufacturers have placed goods everywhere. The result is that retail-store assortments have grown more alike. Service differentiation also has eroded.
Many department stores trimmed services and many discounters have increased services. Customers have become smarter shoppers.
They do not want to pay more for identical brand, especially when service differences have diminished; nor do they need credit from a particular store, because bank credit cards are almost universally accepted. Supermarkets have opened larger stores, carry a larger number and variety of items and upgrade facilities. Supermarkets have also increased their promotional budgets and moved heavily into private brands. Retailers’ marketing decisions in the areas of target M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 11 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET market, product assortment and procurement, services and store atmosphere, price, promotional and place. Target Market: A retailer’s most important decision concerns the target market.
Until the target market is defined and profiled, the retailer cannot make consistent decisions on product assortment, store decor, advertising messages and media, price and services levels. Some retailers have defined their target markets quite well: Product assortment and procurement: The retailer’s product assortment must match the target market’s shopping expectations. The retailer has to decide on product-assortment breadth and depth. The real challenge begins after defining the store’s product assortment and that is to develop a product-differentiation strategy. Here are some possibilities:
• Feature exclusive national brands that are not available at competing retailers. Thus Saks might get exclusive rights to carry the dresses of a well-known international designer.
• •
• •
• Feature mostly private branded merchandise: Many supermarket and drug chains carry private branded merchandise.
Feature blockbuster distinctive merchandise events: Bloomingdale’s will run month shows featuring the goods of another country, such as India, throughout the store. Feature surprise or even-changing merchandise: Benetton changes some portion of its merchandise every month so that customers will want to drop in frequently. Feature the latest or newest merchandise first: The sharper image leads other retailers in introducing electronic appliances from around d the world. Offer merchandise customizing services: Harrod’s of London will make customtailored suits, shirts and tries for customers in addition to ready-made menswear. Offer a highly targeted assortment: Circuit city’s decision to drop major appliances gave it more than 200 square feet to stock more units of higher-margin electronics.
Remodeling also expanded total floor space by an additional 10,000 square feet, providing even more for higher-margin home electronics. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 12 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET SERVICES AND STORE ATMOSPHERE Retailers must also decide on the services mix to offer customers:
• •
• Prepurshase services include accepting telephone and mail orders, advertising, window and interior display, fitting rooms, shopping hours, fashion shows, trade-ins. Postpurchase services include shipping and delivery, gift wrapping, adjustments and returns, alterations and tailoring, installations, engraving. Ancillary services include general information, check cashing, parking, restaurants, repairs, interior decorating, credit, rest rooms, and baby-attendant service. The services mix is a key tool for differentiating one store from another; so is atmosphere. (See “Marketing for the New Economy: Extreme Retailing”. ) Atmosphere is another element in the store arsenal. Every store has a physical layout that makes it hard or easy to move around. Every store has a “Look”. The store must embody a planned atmosphere that suits the target market and draws consumers toward purchase. PRICE DECISION Prices are a key positioning factor and must be decided in relation to the target market, the product-and-service assortment mix and competition. All retailers would like to achieve high volumes and high gross margins.
They would like high Turns x Earns, but the two usually do not go together. Most retailers fall into the high-makeup, lower-volume group (fine specialty stores) or the low-markup, higher-volume group (mass-merchandisers and discount stores). Within each of these groups are further gradations). Retailers must also pay attention to pricing tactics.
Most retailers will put low prices on some items to serve as traffic builders or loss leaders. They will run storewide sales. They will plan markdowns on slower-moving merchandise. Some retailers have abandoned “sales pricing” in favour of everyday low pricing (EDLP). EDLP could lead to lower advertising costs, greater pricing stability, a stronger image of fairness and reliability and higher retailer profits. Frank Feather cites a study showing that supermarket chains practicing everyday low pricing are often more profitable than those practicing sales pricing. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 13 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET PROMOTION DECISION Retailers use a wide range of promotion tools to generate traffic and purchases. They place ads, run special sales, issue money-saving coupons and run frequent shopper-reward programs, in-store food sampling and coupons on shelves of at checkout points.
Each retailer must use promotion tools that support and reinforce its image positioning. Fine stores will place tasteful full-page ads in magazines such as Vogue and Harper’s. They will carefully train salespeople to greet customers, interpret their needs, and handle complaints. PLACE DECISION Retailers are accustomed to saying that the three keys to success are “location, location and location”. Customers generally choose the nearest bank and gas station. Department-store chains, oil companies and fast-food franchisers exercise great care in selecting locations. The problem breaks down into selecting regions of the country in which to open outlets, then particular cities and then particular sites. A supermarket chain might decide to operate in the Midwest; in the cities of Chicago, Milwaukee and Indianapolis; and in 14 locations, mostly suburban, within the Chicago region. Retailers can locate their stores in the central business district, a regional shopping center, a community shopping center, a shopping strip, or within a larger store. General business districts: This is the oldest and most heavily trafficked city area, often known as “downtown”. Store and office rents are normally high.
Most downtown areas were hit by a flight to the suburbs in the 1960s, resulting in deteriorated retailing facilities; but in the 1960s, a minor renaissance of interest in downtown apartments, stores and restaurants began in many cities.
• Regional shopping centers: These are large suburban malls containing 40 to 200 stores. They usually draw customers from a 5 to 20 mil radius. Malls are attractive because of generous parking, one-stop shopping, restaurants and recreational facilities. Successful malls charge high rents and may get a share of stores’ sales.
• Community shopping centres: these are smaller malls with one between 20 and 40 smaller stores. anchor store and M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 14 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET
• Strip malls (also called shopping strips): these contain a cluster of stores, usually housed in one long buildings, serving a neighbourhood’s needs for groceries, hardware, laundry, shoe repair and dry cleaning. They usually erve people within a five to ten–minute driving range.
• A location within a larger store: Certain well-known retailers-McDonalds’s, Starbucks, Nathan’s, Dunkin’ Donuts-locate new, smaller units as concession space within larger stores or operations such as airports, schools or department stores. In view of the relationship between high traffic and high rents, retailers must decide on the most advantageous locations for their outlets.
They can use a variety of methods to assess locations, including traffic counts, surveys of consumer shopping habits and analysis of competitive locations. Several models for site location have also been formulated. Retailers can assess a particular store’s sales effectiveness by looking at four indicators: 1. 2. 3. 4. Number of people passing by on an average day. Percentage who enter the store Percentage of those entering who buy Average amount spent per sale. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 15 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET TRENDS IN RETAILING At this point, the main developments retailers and manufacturers need to take into account in planning competitive strategies. . 2. New retail forms and combinations: some supermarkets include bank branches. Growth of intertype competition: Different types of stores–discount stores, catalog showrooms, department stores-all compete for the same consumers by carrying the same type of merchandise. 3. Growth of giant retailers: Through their superior information systems, logistical systems, and buying power, giant retailers are able to deliver good service and immense volumes of product at appealing prices to masses of consumers. They are crowding out smaller manufacturers what to make, how to price and promote, when and how to ship and even how to improve production and management. Manufacturers need these accounts; otherwise they would lose 10 to 30 percent of the market.
Some giant retailers are category killers that concentrate on one product category such as toys (Toys “R” Us), home improvement (home Depot), or office supplies (staples). Others are super centers that combine grocery items with a huge selection of nonfood merchandise (Kmart, Wal-Mart). 4. Growing investment in technology: Retailers are using computers to produce better forecasts, control inventory costs, order electronically from suppliers, send e-mail between stores and even sell to customers within stores. They are adopting checkout scanning systems, electronic fund transfer, electronic data interchange, in-store television, store traffic radar systems and improved merchandise-handling systems. 5. Global presence of major retailers: Retailers with unique formats and strong brand positioning are increasingly appearing in other countries. 6. Selling an experience, not just goods: Retailers are now adding fun community in order to compete with other stores and online retailers.
There has been a marked rise in establishments that provide a place for people to congregate, such as coffeehouses, tea shops, juice bars, book shops. 7. Competition between store-based and non-store-based retailing: Consumers now receive sales offers through direct mail letters and catalogs and over television, computers and telephones. These non-store-based retailers are taking business away M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 16 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET rom store-based retailers. Some store based retailers initially saw online retailing as a definite threat. Home Depot shocked its top vendors ( Black & Decker, Stanley tools, etc) by issuing a memo implying that if they started to sell online, Home Depot might drop them as suppliers; but now Home Depot is finding it advantageous to work with online retailers. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 17 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET SUPERMARKET Inside Le Marches shop in New Delhi.
With 15 million shops, India has the highest density of retail outlets in the world. Large self-service shop selling food and household goods. The first, Piggy-Wiggly was introduced by US retailer Clarence Saunders in Memphis, Tennessee, 19919. Supermarkets have a high turnover and are therefore able to buy goods in bulk. This cuts down the unit cost and, in turn, the price which further encourages business. Classic self-service 4,000-20,000sq-ft with shopping carts as popularized in India by ‘Crazy Boys’ films with typical focus on regular groceries, household goods and personal care products. Tesco and Safeway are famous chains. In India Nanz Food world and Nilgirils are popular name. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 18 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET STRENGTHS OF SUPERMARKET FROM CONSUMER POINT OF VIEW: Supermarket format of retailing try to fulfill these expectation through following merits. 1. 2. It saves the time because customer will get everything at a one place with self-service. It provides perfect platform for comparison of a same product from different company with a different brand name with complete information, which could be required to compare the brands and take a best purchasing decision. . Multi brand department stores offer an intermediate solution with complete brand choice to the customer and spacious shop, which allows the manufacturers to present his product appropriately. 4. Sometimes customer also get discount because multi brand stores go for bulk purchase and pass the earning of differences toward the customer. 5. Customers get a detail and computerize bill so there is no possibility of any discrepancy in billing. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 19 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET CHALLENGES FACED BY SUPERMARKET Though theoretically, supermarket stores offer a number of reasons to purchase goods from supermarket instead of purchasing from traditional provision store. It will save the time, give a spacious purchasing experience, provide platform to get variety scheme and services and faultless and accurate computerized billing system etc. In spite of having all these benefits, supermarket still has not proved itself successful in India market because still it is struggling for survival and facing the following problems. . 2. Very low sales volume.
According to experts, the real boom in organized retailing will come once supermarkets starts selling daily need goods at 90% of the regular price that result into low sales turnover because of that there is very low gross margin, low net margin and very low turn over per sq feet compare to unorganized sector in Indian and organized sector in foreign. 3. Another very important thing is gross margins return on investment. But the problem of Indian retailing is to source on credit and sells on cash. Yet, retail margins in India are lower than overseas. The large format players face high costs, especially in comparison with traditional retailers that pay very little rent for real estate. 4. 5. Competition from unorganized retail shop. Typical mindset and psychology of Indian middle class. So, it would be a biggest challenge to transform the psychology of Indian middle class segment. 6. From strategic decision point of view another biggest problem is to select a right retail format to fight against unorganized retail organization. Thus, there is question regarding very existence and survival of supermarket because still it has not proved successful in India. 7. Still organized sector does not provide full satisfaction to customer in terms of quality, quantity, competitive price and convenience in terms of various service, assessable location and layout of supermarket. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 20 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET RETAILING IN INDIA Retailing in India is gradually inching its way to becoming the next boom industry. The whole concept of shopping has altered in terms of format and consumer buying behaviour, ushering in a revolution in shopping.
Modern retail has entered India as seen in sprawling shopping centres, multi-storied malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. By 2007, an estimated 50 million square feet of quality retail space will be available across India. This is in sharp contrast to the situation a decade ago. Then, there was not one shopping mall in India. Today, in Delhi, Mumbai and their suburbs, there are about 100 malls. Of the 700 new malls coming up all over India, 40 per cent are concentrated in the smaller cities. Organized retailing in small-town India is growing at a staggering 50-60 per cent a year compared to 35-40 per cent in the large cities.
India’s vast middle class and its almost untapped retail industry are key attractions for global retail giants wanting to enter newer markets. Traditional markets are making way for new formats such as departmental stores, hypermarkets, supermarkets and specialty stores. Western-style malls have begun appearing in metros and second-rung cities alike, introducing the Indian consumer to an unparalleled shopping experience. As organized retailers carve out a bigger piece of the retail pie for themselves it’s an exciting time for the retail sector.
With the growth of organized retailing estimated at 40 per cent (CAGR) over the next few years, Indian retailing is clearly at a tipping point. India is currently the ninth largest retail market in the world M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 21 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET The Indian retailing sector is at an inflexion point where the growth of organized retail and growth in the consumption by Indians is going to adopt a higher growth trajectory. The Indian population is witnessing a significant change in its demographics. A large young working population with median age of 24 years, nuclear families in urban areas, along with increasing working-women population and emerging opportunities in the services sector are going to be the key growth drivers of the organized retail sector. Initially, this was about Indian corporate houses rolling out malls and supermarkets, but with Wal-Mart coming into the Indian market, the era of the superstore is dawning. Unlike the kirana stores that served us for decades, this new breed of retail chains is heavily dependent on IT. Wal-Mart, the world’s largest retailer, and Bharti Enterprises have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to explore business opportunities in the Indian retail industry.
This joint venture will mark the entry of Wal-Mart into the Indian retailing industry. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 2 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET THE INDIAN RETAIL INDUSTRY / MARKET The Indian retail industry in valued at about $300 billion and is expected to grow to $427 billion in 2010 and $637 billion in 2015. About 98% of the retail trade in India is in the hands of 15-20 million unorganized small retailers. In our daily lives, we find them everywhere, as kirana and pan shop vendors, hawkers, sellers of fruits and vegetables, either at the street corner or carrying their wares in baskets or carts to deliver them at the doorstep of the residents. They are invisible but omnipresent. They supply a wide variety of items that we consume daily. They account for as much as 10 percent of the GDP. Only four percent of the retailers in the unorganized sector have shops that occupy more than 500 sqft. Most of them are so small that they occupy not more than 30-40 square feet. In a way, small retail business in India helps absorb about sex to seven percent of the huge mass of the unemployed for whom the gov’t agencies are struggling hard to find employment by investing thousand crores of rupees every year. Only three percent of Indian retail is organized. It is estimated at only US$ 8 billion. However, the opportunity is huge—by 2010, organized retail is expected to grow to US$ 22 billion. It is expected to grow 25 per cent annually, driven by changing lifestyles, strong income growth and favorable demographic patterns. It is estimated that 70 million Indians in a population of about 1 billion now earn a salary of $18,000 a year, a figure that is set to rise to 140 million by 2011. Many of these people are looking for more choice in where to spend their new-found wealth. Strong fundamental changes including the changing lifestyles of Indian people, rising incomes etc have fuelled the growth of modern retailing and has attracted investment in this sector. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 23 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET With the government being in the process of determining the level of FDI in Retail, a number of foreign players including Wal-Mart, Carrefour, tesco have evinced interest for entering India in a big way.
Retail in India has grown beyond mere retailing and now encompasses sectors such as telecom, automobiles and finance. Given the size, and the geographical, cultural and socio-economic diversity of India, there is no role model for Indian suppliers and retailers to adapt or expand in the Indian context M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 24 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET FOOD RETAILING IN INDIA Food and Grocery (F) Retail Market in India Unlike in the past, the debate today is no longer whether food and grocery retail in India would grow but rather how fast can it grow and what challenges need to be overcome. Tata Strategic Management Group (TSMG) projects that organized F retail in India could grow to Rs. 750Bn (at current prices) by 2015 representing 11% of overall F sales. A recent world bank report on India’s fruits and vegetables trade comes up with some sour facts India producers 11 percent of the world’s vegetables and 15 percent of fruits at 53-63 percent of global prices, but its share in global fruits and vegetables trade is 1. 7 percent and 0. 5 percent respectively. Key Challenges in Food Retailing Demand Side Penchant for fresh/home-made and value consciousness The Indian consumer, unlike his western counterpart, has a penchant for freshly cooked food over packaged food. This is a result of dietary patterns, poor electricity supply, low penetration of refrigerators and a family structure where one of the primary roles of the housewife is feeding the family. The Indian consumer is extremely value conscious. A TSMG study indicates that packaged food players need to drive down prices by almost 3540% to be comparable on cost with home made food.
Diversity of tastes and preferences Multiple cultures, languages and religions have a huge bearing on the tastes and preferences of the Indian consumer. This will pose a challenge for players aspiring to develop a pan Indian presence Willingness to travel M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 25 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Given the current density of retail outlets in India, retailers will have to motivate the consumer to trade convenience with price, range and ambience. Supply Side Sourcing base and efficiency The fragmented agri supply base coupled with an inadequate legal framework make it difficult for retailers and food processors to procure quality produce at competitive costs directly from farmers. The small size of the food processing industry further limits the supply options. Real estate availability and cost Rentals account for 7-7. 5% of the total costs for organized retail in India against global bench marks of less than 3%. Real estate availability and costs will continue to remain a challenge in the retail industry with factors like adequate parking, ambience and proximity being the key drivers of footfalls. Manpower availability As organized retail expands, there is expected to be a dearth of skilled manpower. The lack f institutions and courses for different aspects of retail management will have an impact on the overall supply of quality manpower. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 26 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Emerging trends in food retailing Big becoming bigger Globally, retailers have realized that size drives profitability, not just through economies of scale in operations but also through higher bargaining power leading to better margins. While many players are entering the retail space in India currently, the growth stage will be characterized by rapid expansion and consolidation among these players. Rise of organic foods and health and wellness segment Consumer attitudes and preferences are undergoing a shift owing to factors like increased disposable incomes, changes in lifestyle patterns, shift in age structure, increased number of working women and multi cultural exposure.
These would lead to increasing health consciousness in the future. Organic foods and wellness products would be emerging opportunities in the years to come.
Increasing focus on private labels. As competition in the organized retail market increases, discounts and promotions are expected to play a critical part in generating footfalls. To counter the impact on profitability, organized players will find it more attractive to promote private labels or store brands given their higher margins. The consumer too would benefit from lower prices. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 27 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Scope for innovation in food retail As the organized food retail market matures in India, there would be an increased need for players to differentiate through innovation. Innovations would largely come under two heads: Innovation on Retail format – Players can innovate on formats in different ways: By targeting specific customer segments and serving their needs better e. g. working women, single office goers, etc By changing the product mix e. g. entirely private label stores, exclusively fresh produce stores By offering new forms of convenience and wider range to the customer e. g. tele- retail and internet retail Technological Innovations – Employing cutting edge technology in retail could prove to be the source of competitive advantage for retailers. Self-scan checkouts have the potential of both reducing check-out time manpower cost for the retailer Using RFID tags can help track and reduce in-store inventory management costs and give retailers better insights into customer in-store movement patterns Web-enabled POS systems, e-SCM systems, e-Procurement systems and warehouse management systems will enable food retailers in integrating the entire agri value chain leading to efficient procurement and supply chain management. Use of cutting edge analytics can bring insights into customer buying behaviour with implications on store layout, pricing and promotions. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 28 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET FDI IN RETAIL FDI in retail is a subject that seems to rear up its ugly head every now and than. It is not as though these that oppose it or support it are consistent about what they say. In India, the logic and ideology that go into either supporting a reform or opposing it depends on whether the concerned political party is in power or not. There is no clarity or There are about nine million understanding of the ground retailers that should guide such small grocery shops in India decisions. In January 2006, UPA government allowed FDI up to 51% in single-brand multipleproduct retail business.
This drives the foreign institutional investors would be permitted to control equity in retailing up to even 100 percent. Retailers of multiple brands can operate through a franchise or a cash-and-carry. But allowing in the big multi-brand, international retail groups like Wal-Mart, Tesco and Carrefour was considered a step too far. The gov’t has announced a partial opening of the retail market, to single-brand retailers. ” But beyond that, gov’t need to find a model that doesn’t displace the existing retailers. The Indian government has been conducting an impact analysis of how the introduction of supermarket chains like Tesco and Carrefour would hit its retail sector. An estimated 50% of the country’s fruit and vegetables rot by the roadside before they reach market. For the first time, chains like McDonalds, Marks & Spencer, Body Shop and Ikea can, if they want to, open and control their own operations in India.
Previously, many of them had gone down the path of working with franchise partners, a policy followed by M which supplies clothes to eight “Planet Sports” stores. They look like M stores on the inside, but they are owned by local retailers, and the UK retailer has no plans for that to change. holesale model. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 29 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Challenges in organized retail The first challenge facing the organised retail industry in India is: competition from the unorganised sector. Traditional retailing has established in India for some centuries. It is a low cost structure, mostly owner-operated, has negligible real estate and labour costs and little or no taxes to pay. Consumer familiarity that runs from generation to generation is one big advantage for the traditional retailing sector. In contrast, players in the organised sector have big expenses to meet, and yet have to keep prices low enough to be able to compete with the traditional sector. High costs for the organised sector arises from: higher labour costs, social security to employees, high quality real estate, much bigger premises, comfort facilities such as air-conditioning, back-up power supply, taxes etc. Organised retailing also has to cope with the middle class psychology that the bigger and brighter a sales outlet is, the more expensive it will be. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 30 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET DEVELOPMENTS IN RETAIL SECTOR India’s first true shopping mall – complete with food courts, recreation facilities and large car parking space – was inaugurated as lately as in 1999 in Mumbai. (This mall is called “Crossroads”). 1. $ 7 billion to be invested in retail by Bharti Bharti enterprises plan to invest about US $ 7 Billion by 2010 to set up 200 hypermarkets and hundreds of small stores across India. This group had recently announced a joint venture with the world’s top retailer, wal-mart stores; Inc. it expects to earn $1-2 billion revenue from its retail business, which would constitute 10-20 percent of the group’s turnover 2010. The group aims to have 200 large stores and hundreds of small stores in the first phase. Depending up on the company’s real estate and logistics business the company will invest around US $ 7 billion by 2010. The group plans to enlist small retailers as franchises and also decide whether the venture would undertake logistics or out source functions such as trucking and cold chains. It would operate several hundred stores across the country within five years and investment could run into billions of dollars. 2. Mother care India, the UK based retailer for expecting mothers and kids is on an expansion mode in India.
The company’s exclusive franchise, shoppers stop is now expanding their retail network to 14 stores at a combined investment of about Rs-10 crores in 4 months. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 31 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET 3. Land mark books and music retailer Books and music retailer ‘Landmark’ launched its first store in western India at Infiniti Mall, Andheri, Mumbai on April 26. Spread across 18,000 sq. ft Landmark is housed on the 2 nd floor of the mall, with lavish interiors. This is the sixth Landmark store in the country. Landmark so far had five stores – three in Chennai, one each in Kolkata and Bangalore. The store has over 1, 00,000 plus book titles, 70,000-plus movies, a wide range of stationery, toys, accessories, perfumes, diamond jewellery and an inviting, comfortable environment, Landmark is a category killer in all focus categories. Later this year Landmark plans to open stores in Delhi, Baroda, Pune and one more in Mumbai . 4. Prozone- omaxe in retail JV As part of Prozone’s plan to develop India’s largest shopping mall network, Prozone Enterprises, the wholly owned subsidiary of Provogue, signed a JV with Omaxe Group, one of the largest real estate developers in North India, to develop shopping malls in townships owned by the latter. In the first phase, a SPV promoted by the joint venture will invest Rs. 1 ,500 crore to develop 10 malls across north India and in the second phase invest Rs. ,000 crore to develop 30 properties owned by Omaxe. Omaxe is building 30 townships and 14 malls, has projects worth Rs. 12, 000 crore under implementation and another Rs. 10,000 crore under-pipeline projects. At present, Omaxe is developing 4. 1 million sq. ft of commercial development, mainly malls.
Prozone is M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 32 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET developing over 12 million sq. ft. of modern retail space and plans to develop 50 retail malls across the country focused on tier two cities which will come up in two years. . AFL launches India’s first ‘Convenience Services’ retail store AFL, a leading provider of integrated supply chain services in India, has launched AFL Touch World, India’s first ‘Convenience Services ‘ retail store in Mumbai. The various services offered at the AFL Touch World store include Forex, money transfer, international telephony, international and domestic courier, travel insurance and e-ticketing. It is for the first time in India that such a wide range of ‘convenience services’ is being offered under one roof. The first Touch World store is located near Regal Cinema in south Mumbai and the company plans to expand into all major Indian cities in the near future. 6. Calvin Klein Inc. , the clothing design and marketing studio formed in 1968, is to set up a retail operation in India.
The clothing empire and Murjani India Ltd. have announced an agreement for the latter to market and distribute the brand’s various labels throughout India and open dozens of retail stores planned for the subcontinent. The agreement authorises Murjani to market the Calvin Klein lineup through exclusive retail outlets and select department stores approved by the company. It includes the original Calvin Klein Jeans line and the unisex ck Calvin Klein label, which the company introduced in the mid-1990s. 7. Infiniti Retail, a 100-per cent subsidiary of Tata Sons, has launched the first mega store of Croma, India’s first national chain of multi brand outlets for consumer electronics and durable products. Ratan Tata, Chairman, Tata Sons, and Roger Corbett, Independent Consultant, Woolworth’s, Australia, jointly launched the first Croma mega store in Juhu, Mumbai , amidst a high-tech display of technology and human interface built around the concept of ‘See, Touch and Feel’. The sprawling store, spread over 20,000 sq ft of space, has on display more than 6,000 products across eight categories, namely, home entertainment, small appliances, white goods, computers and peripherals, communication, music, imaging and gaming software. The store currently offers more than 180 national and international brands. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 33 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET 8. Wadhawan Food Retail Pvt. Ltd. (WFRL), which operates 10 food retail outlets under the brand name Spinach, has plans to open 60 food and grocery stores in Mumbai and Pune by the end of this year. The company plans to expand further to the Eastern and Northern states in another two years. WFRPL launched its first store in Mumbai in February this year and targets to cover 1,54,000 sq. ft of retail space by the year end.
These stores are mainly in supermarket format and will be rolled out in three sizes — Spinach Express of about 1,000sq. ft, Spinach Local of 3,000 sq. ft and Spinach Super of 6,000 sq. ft. 9. Bangalore based real estate developer; Prestige Group, plans to invest Rs. 2,500 crore into the mall development business over the next two to three years. The group has plans to set up malls in Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Mangalore, etc. Each mall will entail an investment of about Rs. 200 to 300 crore and will be designed with the expertise of an in-house team and a set of out sourced architects. The company plans to dedicate three million sq. ft of space across the four cities. 10. Trinethra Super Retail Ltd. (TSRL), the Hyderabad-based retail marketing chain, will invest Rs. 1 billion over the next two years in order to expand business and open more outlets in South India. The number of retail outlets would be increased to 205 by the end of current fiscal from the existing 170. The number of outlets in Andhra Pradesh would be increased to 90 from the present 73, and 50 would be opened in Karnataka. TSRL will open 40 retail shops in Tamil Nadu and 25 in Kerala by the end of FY`07. All the stores in Kerala would be opened under the group’s ‘Fabmall’ brand. By September end, there would be nine Fabmall stores, including two supermarkets at Aluva and Kottayam and a supercentre at Kakkanad. The company, which had a total turnover of Rs. . 4 billion in FY`06, has targeted turnovers of Rs. 3. 6 billion by March 2007 and Rs. 6. 5 -7 billion by FY`08. 11. Kaya Skin Clinic, the beauty & wellness services chain from Marico Ltd. , plans to open 55 outlets by the end of 2007. The company is hoping for a tally of 50 such outlets covering a total retail space of 75,000 sq. ft across 18 cities by the end of FY 2006-07. Kaya Skin Clinics – all owned and operated by the company – is targetting to touch a turnover of Rs. 65 crore in the current fiscal, growing from Rs. 45 crore in the last year. The chain is also setting up Kaya M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 34 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Skin Zones in malls across India to provide easy access for customers to Kaya range of skin solutions. The company is aiming to establish 15 Kaya skin zones by end-2007. 12. New Delhi-based florist Ferns n Petals plans to add 15 more outlets to its existing 55 retail points across 32 cities by the end of the FY 2006-07. The company would be adding 11,000 sq. ft of retail space, with the cumulative total rising to 40,000 sq. t, through this expansion plan. 13. Corporate safety and security service provider, Zicom Electronic Security Systems Ltd. (ZESSL) is planning to enter the consumer segment through its new division Zicom consumer service group.
Through this division, the company plans to launch 600 Zicom retail stores in 100 cities across the country by 2008-09. The stores would retail Zicom Home security systems priced between Rs. 6,495-12,995 and Zicom Business security systems for small and medium enterprises and retail outlets priced from Rs. 54,995 to Rs. 99,995. In the first phase, the company plans to enter the retail market with 100-125 stores in 24 towns across all directions. Spread in 500-600 sq. ft area, the stores are targeted at high footfall regions. Expansion will be through franchise route . The Company is planning to invest Rs. 10-15 lakh in the set up of each outlet. The cost would include investment in leasing out spaces and doing up the outlet in terms of branding and interiors.
The outlets will then be handed over to franchisee for day-to-day operations. Franchisees would need to invest in stocks while returns will be in the form f margins generated from sales. The retail outlets will also provide add-on services like installation, after sales services, central monitoring etc. to customers. 14. Vishal Group launched their first hyper market Vishal Mega mart in Udaipur this month. Spread over 25,000 sq. ft, the store offers extensive range of men’s, women’s and kids’ range of fashion clothing. Beside fashion attire, it will also have separate sections and counters for watches, sunglasses, fashion accessories, gifts and novelties, electrical appliances, digital diaries, perfumes, cosmetics and grocery items etc. Currently, Vishal Mega Mart operates 29 fully integrated and self-owned stores spread over a total shopping area of 5,70,000 sq. ft in 21 cities across India M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 35 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET 15. RPG Retail is planning to foray into books retail, with the launch its own bookstores “Books and Beyond” by October this year. “Books and Beyond” will follow the Music World strategy for its expansion.
The first standalone outlet will be launched in Kolkata before moving ahead with pan-India expansion. “The outlets are to occupy spaces between 15,00018,000 sq. t and will also include the concept of a Music. Meanwhile, RPG is also planning to expand its retail brand Music World to the Middle East market.
The format would primarily target areas with a substantial chunk of Indian population. “For the Middle East market. 16. Murjani India, a subsidiary of the Murjani Group, focuses on attracting international brands and retail concepts to India. Murjani forged a separate deal with The Warnaco Group, a New York-based apparel company, granting Warnaco exclusive rights to distribute the Calvin Klein Underwear line of roducts in India and supply Calvin Klein Jeans to Murjani. The broad plan is to open at least 40 Calvin Klein-branded stores during the first five years of the operation, with construction beginning as early as March 2007. 17. EMKE group, the biggest retail chain based in the UAE with operations spread across the Middle East is all set to enter the Indian retail sector with mega shopping malls and hypermarkets. The group which has the flagship “LULU” Hypermarkets and department stores chain with 48 branches in all major cities of Gulf, controls 34 per cent market share of the Middle East retail sector. The proposed shopping mall is coming up in Cochin, the commercial capital of Kerala.
Apart from this one million sq. ft shopping mall, the project also consists of a 250 room five star hotel and an International standard convention centre which will be set up in the second phas 18. Pantaloon enters healthcare retail Pantaloon Retail is preparing to enter the healthy & beauty segment with beauty salons and diagnostic healthcare centres. The first retail outlet catering to the Big Bazaar profile customers, “Star and Sitara”, will open in Bangalore in March. The salon would be spread across 2,500 sq. ft and will offer services for both sexes. Thereafter Pantaloon plans to enter Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and other cities where the group would have a mall presence through Kshitij The diagnostic centres will offer eye, skin, dental treatments and M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 36 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET preventive care. They will also include pharmaceuticals, beauty centres and will also provide alternative treatments like ayurveda and homeopathy. 19. Pantaloon Retail & Liberty Shoes ink MOU on Large Format Footwear Retailing Pantaloon Retail (India) Limited & Liberty Shoes Limited on September 2, entered into a JV for setting up a chain of stores for footwear retailing and other accessories. PRIL will hold 51% and Liberty 49% stake in the new company; having an authorized capital of rs. 25rore. The company will set up a chain of large format footwear stores across the country, with each store covering an area of 10,000-15,000 sq. ft. The proposed JV will combine the property and retail expertise of Pantaloon with the design sourcing & merchandising expertise of Liberty. This will provide a focused attention to the footwear category, which today commands a sizeable portion of the consumer spending.
The MOU is only for retailing and not for manufacturing; it will retail all brands and products sources from all over the world as well as India. 20. Deccan chronicle buys odyssey Media group Deccan Chronicle Holdings (DCHL) on September 5 had acquired South Indiabased retail chain Odyssey for Rs 61 crore, in an all-cash deal, and upped its revenue and profit targets for this fiscal. DCHL, which went public earlier this year, said as part of the deal, it has acquired 100 per cent equity of Odyssey, which currently has 40,000 sq. ft of retail space in 12 locations in six cities — Chennai, Hyderabad, Trichy, Coimbatore, Salem and varnasi. Odyssey has lined up major expansion plans, including growth in western and northern India by March 2008. The retail chain sells books, music, toys, greeting cards and FMCG products of leading domestic and international brands, including that of ITC, Cadbury, Duracell, Parker and Penguin. 21. Oswal group targets 120 sensa stores M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 37 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Two years after the split of Ludhiana -based yarn manufacturer Oswal Group, a breakaway group led by Ashok Oswal is foraying into retail with major expansion plans for the existing fashion chain stores AO’s and Sensa , through Amram Trading Pvt . Ltd. Sensa, among India’s first multi-brand intimate wear retail chains with about 16 brands, plans to set up 120 stores by the next three years with total investment of Rs. 30 crore. 22. Adidas India to expand retail in tier II & III towns Adidas India is planning to expand its distribution network in North India, targeting the tier II and III towns. To add on to the current 80 exclusive outlets, company plans to open 60 new brand stores. Adidas India is following a franchise model and prefers to be located on high streets and through stand alones. 23. US footwear major marks 2006 for India launch The $325-million privately-owned fashion company and US footwear major Global Brand Marketing, Inc. (GBMI) will launch retail operations in India next year, with the opening of exclusive brand stores across the country. Founded in late 1996, GBMI is the majority owner of Pony International, LLC, owner of the Dry- shoD brand and retail store chain Global Feet and Global Feet Kids, and the authorized global footwear licensee of Diesel, XOXO, Nautica, and Mecca. Based in California, GBMI designs, develops and markets stylish apparel, footwear and accessories for men, women and children, and is distributed in over 130 countries worldwide. 24. Derby Clothing to open Colombo shop-in-shop Chennai-based apparel retailer Derby Clothing Pvt. Ltd is to open a shop-in-shop in Colombo, Sri Lanka on November 15. The outlet is a new venture of DSI group Samson & Sons Ltd. – the largest footwear brand in Sri Lanka.
The launch is part of the current fiscal’s expansion targets for the company, which hopes to set up 12 more stores this year. Derby Clothing currently has 14 exclusive stores, eight of which are company-owned and six are franchised. The existing stores are spread over Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 38 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Kerala, Karnataka and Gujarat (one store at Ahmedabad). With typical store size of around 800 sq. t. and median shop-in-shop space of about 150 sq. ft. , average investment per store is around Rs. 25 lakh. The company is also setting up two new manufacturing units at Chennai, to buttress its current production capacity of 20,000 shirts and 9,000 trousers. 25. Dabur India is planning an entry into the consumer retail business especially in the area of health and wellness. Presently their plan will be Focused and specialized with health and wellness being the obvious option at the moment.
The new business could be through dabur India or a separate company. The idea behind the move is that the company would sell its own brands and also offer a complete portfolio of products, catering to the health conscious urban Indian. This model would be close to one followed by retailer boots in the UK. Dabur India is still exploring various formats and working on possible store sizes. If dabur ventures into this specialty format, it will have to set up stores measuring close to 2000-2500 square feet.
The company may also in for an arrangement with one of the upcoming multi-brand or hypermarket retail chains. 26. Redtape –Indians finest fashion footwear and lifestyle brand known for its international style, quality and elegance and its core competency lies in providing excellent quality to its customers. Red tape is one of the brands which have been able to get world wide recognition, acceptance and admiration. Globally, red tape is recognized as a stylish and high fashion brand. It is planning to expand 50 retail outlets by the end of this year in India. Currently it has 40 retail outlets in India & two international stores in sharjah & Dubai. It has moved from men’s footwear to women’s footwear called ‘miss red tape’. It has also diversified its brand in to men’s apparel and accessories like belts, wallets & so on. The company is also planning to introduce women apparel line same time next year. It is also planning to set up its own manufacturing base of customers M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 39 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET REVIEW OF LITERATURE The retail sector in India is highly fragmented and organized retail in the country is at a very nascent stage. Of the 12 million retail outlets, more than 80% are run by small family businesses which use only household labour. China and Brazil, took 10-15 years to raise the share of their organized retail sectors from 5% to 20% and 38% respectively.
India too is moving towards growth and maturity in the retail sector at a fast pace. Value retailing: more hypermarkets in the offing The hypermarket route has emerged as one of the most preferred formats for international retailers entering India. In most emerging retail markets, such has Eastern Europe, Latin America and china; hypermarkets have been the major high growth format. Hypermarkets provide consumers with a combination of good prices, overall shopping convenience and experience. Product range and quality. Currently there are less than 50 hypermarkets in India, operated by 4-5 big retailers. The report says that India’s 67 cities with population of half a million or more have potential to absorb many more hypermarkets in the next 4-5 years. On the success of hypermarkets, the report draws a parallel between consumer behaviour in India and china. It says that there is a similarity in the buying pattern of the Indian and Chinese consumers. In china.
Most hypermarkets are located with in the city limits as consumers do their shopping more than once a week, have low passenger car penetration and limited refrigeration space at home. Malls to move beyond the metros The boom in the retail sector is also associated with rise of malls across India. There are 220 mall projects in the pipeline till 2007, 139 in the big 8 cities-including the metros-and 81 in other tier II cities. Increasing awareness levels in tier II cities are eroding the ‘urban aspiration’ lead of the metros and the international brands have started looking at these smaller cities to increase their penetration. Organized retail penetration highest across footwear, clothing M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 40 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET The footwear and clothing categories have seen the highest organized retail penetration (ORP). Footwear has a 22% ORP which is driven by high levels of franchising activity and dominance of home-grown players as well as MNC retailer Batas dominant market share.
Clothing, with a 12% penetration, is also hotting up for further organized retail presence due to high level of branding activities by apparel retailers and merchandising spread across formats such as department stores, hypermarkets, own retail outlets and franchises. The report says that though the food & grocery segment contributes about 41%of private consumption expenditure and about 77% of total retail sales, it is largely controlled by the unorganized small outlet sector- penetration of organized retail is about 1% in this segment. Other segments like books and music, jewellery, consumer durables, home furnishings, medical care and health & beauty have seen limited penetration of organized retail and will require innovative and aggressive plans on the part of Indian and international retailers to fully exploit their potential. Franchising is the way ahead The report says multinational retailers are firming up their India entry strategies. If they are already present here, they are undergoing rapid expansions. Franchising is gaining steam with the retailers and franchisee activity in tier II cities is pegged to rise. The report forecasts a number of strategic partnership opportunities between Indian and international retailers. An international retailer looking to enter India needs to be extremely well versed with local retail culture and know-how. The number of states and union territories in India number 35 and languages, cultures; habits and consumer preferences are different in every one of them. Companies have to understand and retain customers. A 5% reduction in customer defections can treble profits. M. P. B. I. M, Bangalore 41 ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS SUPERMARKET Fraud and theft: an expensive affair The report also lists fraud and theft as key challenges for the sector in the future.
Theft, including employee pilferage, vendor frauds and inaccuracy in supervision and administration costs the Indian industry a huge amount every year. The implications and size of this loss will be more significant as retailers continue to scale up and increase product lines. Shorted of talented professionals Though the retail industry is expected to create 2 million jobs by 2010, shortage of professionals remains a big challenge.
There has been a rise in the number of retail management programmes and institutes, which is expected to bridge the gap in availability of talented professionals. However, talented professionals will put increased
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Fahrenheit 451 – Dialectic Journal
F451 Dialectic Journal |Chapter |Passage |Significance | |1 |“It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things |There is absolute pleasure when eating something. When something changes, it could| | |blackened and changed. Narrator page 3 |end up good or bad. However, when something is blackened, the only things that | | | |come to mind are burnt food and arson. Both of which are not pleasant looking or | | | |feeling. | |1 |““So many people are. Afraid of firemen, I mean.
But you’re just a |Throughout my life, I’ve seen a lot of movies where people are betrayed or | | |man after all…” Clarisse McClellan” page 7 |deceived and lines such as “How could you, you monster? ” are spoken. Sometimes | | | |when this happens, I always think to myself that deep down; the “monster” can | | | |change, because they’re just as human as their victim. |1 |““You think too many things,” said Montag, uneasily. ” Guy Montag |Clarisse isn’t the only person who has dozens of thoughts streaming through her | | |page 9. |head. I’m also a thinker myself. Sometimes when I’m talking to my friends, I often| | | |change topics a lot because I ask a random question that just randomly came to | | | |mind.
This passage also shows a result of not reading; failure to keep track with | | | |someone who has more knowledge. Since Guy doesn’t read any books, he is not | | | |capable of managing two or more ideas at the same time. | |1 |““Are you happy? ” she said. ” |Wow, I’ve never even thought of that myself.
People tend to do things and not | | | |think about how they feel or would feel afterwards. I for example, have done a lot| | | |of things merely because I was told or suggested to do. Even when I really didn’t | | | |want to do it, I did it anyways because I didn’t want to disappoint anyone. | | |Sometimes, you just have to stop and think about whether it is worth doing because| | | |you might end up regretting every moment of it. | |1 |““We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the |I highly disagree with this quote because I appreciate being different. No one can| | |Constitution says, but everyone made equal. ” Captain Beatty page |agree on the same religion or follow the same culture. Neither can people look or | | |58 |sound the same because that’d be against nature. However, I do agree that everyone| | | |can be equal, but if I work harder than someone else and accomplish more, then I | | | |should be rewarded. |Chapter |Passage |Response | |1 |“The converter attachment, which had cost them one hundred |So not only can you not multi-think, but another cause of not having books is| | |dollars, automatically supplied her name whenever the |having a low memory. To think that he can’t even remember a name is just very| | |announcer addresses his anonymous audience, leaving a blank|sad.
Thanks to this guy, I’m starting to appreciate being forced to read a | | |where the proper syllables could be filled in. A special |book. This passage also shows how much electronics have improved in their | | |spot-wavex-scrambler also caused his televised image, in |time. Not only that, prices for such machines are probably worthy thousands | | |the area immediately about his lips, to mouth the vowels |in our time, yet it’s only worth one-hundred dollars in the future. | |and consonants beautifully. ” Narrator page 64 | | |1 |““It’s fun out in the country. You hit the rabbits, |OH MY GOODNES!! Crashing into rabbits and dogs is the definition of having | | |sometimes you hit the dogs. ”” Mildred Montag page 64 |fun down in the country?
In our time, people would probably get arrested and | | | |thrown into prison for some time by running over animals for “fun” as well as| | | |going +100 miles per hour. This is just so wrong. | |2 |“The bombers crossed the sky and crossed the sky over the |I’m assuming Ray Bradbury is using bombers as in bombing planes.
In that | | |house, gasping, murmuring, whistling like an immense, |case, this is not only an example of onomatopoeia, but also personification. | | |invisible fan, circling in emptiness. ” Narrator page 73 | | |2 |“The train hissed to its stop. ” Narrator page 80 |Here’s another example of onomatopoeia and personification. | |2 |““I need you to teach me. ” Guy Montag page 88 |In our time, a lot of people prefer to not have to go to school. To think | | | |that someone would beg and even go as low as giving threats in order to get a| | | |lesson is a very peculiar scenario for me. | |2 |““It listens! If you put it in your ear, Montag, I can sit |I’m going to predict that this is an earpiece walkie-talkie.
Professor Faber | | |comfortably home, warming my frightened bones, and hear and|describes how he spent nearly half his life playing the stock market and | | |analyze the fireman’s world, find its weakness, without |waiting to use the thing. From the way it sounds, the earpiece must’ve cost a| | |danger. ”” Professor Faber page 90 |fortune. From the research I’ve done, such earpieces cost between | | | |one-hundred to two-hundred dollars.
Is there really a need to play the stock | | | |market? I remember the converter attachment used earlier only costs | | | |one-hundred dollars. In my opinion, such a smart machine should be worth more| | | |than the earpiece. Maybe one-hundred dollars in the future is thousands now. |2 |““No one in his right mind, the good Lord knows, would have|As far as I know, most married couples would want children. I know I will | | |children! ”” Mrs. Phelps page 96 |have children when I get married. They must not want to go through the pain. | |2 |““I think he’s one of the nicest-looking men ever became |Sounds more to me like Mrs. Bowles voted for President Noble only because he | | |president. ”” Mrs.
Bowles page 96 |was good-looking. She also said that she voted the same as everyone else. | | | |Back when it was presidential elections, I think a lot of people wanted to | | | |vote for Barack Obama only because he was African American rather than what | | | |he can do.
Some people argue that it was politics but if they ask themselves | | | |deep down, I bet they can’t deny that it was also because he took a stand for| | | |his race. I have many friends who wanted Obama for president and when I asked| | | |them why, they’d say he was cool or awesome.
To me, that meant it was only to| | | |blend in with the crowd. Honestly, I wanted Hilary Clinton for president, not| | | |only because she had past experience since her husband was president, but | | | |also because she was a woman. | |3 |“The books leapt and danced like roasted birds, their wings|Here’s another use of personification!
The way the author described how the | | |ablaze with red and yellow feathers. ” Narrator page 117 |books “danced” reminded me of a slightly cooked rooster with wings that are | | | |still vibrant in color. In Eastern culture, the rooster is ascribed five | | | |virtues: courage, generosity, punctuality, benevolence, and wisdom.
According| | | |to the Chinese zodiac, anyone born in the year of the rooster is likely to be| | | |confident and capable, and able to make a recovery from any set-back. I think| | | |this is a great symbol for what Montag is feeling. He realizes the importance| | | |of what books can give you, and is willing to save them. |3 |““You always said, don’t face a problem, burn it. ”” Guy |I guess what goes around does come back around. I bet Beatty never thought | | |Montag page 121 |that his words would come back and bite him in the butt. When Montag said | | | |this line, there was like a rush of adrenaline flowing through my mind.
I was| | | |very happy that he was finally taking a stand for his beliefs and I got to | | | |see his official ominous side which was very pleasing. | |3 |“Mildred, God bless her, had missed a few. ” Guy Montag page|Why would he even bless her? She, his own wife, betrayed him and sold him out| | |122 |to the law enforcers via firefighters.
Well I guess I would appreciate her | | | |for not finding every book because they were rare, but still, she’s his wife! | | | |How could she even think to do such a thing? I guess this kind of proves the | | | |love they have for eachother… | |3 |“It was not burning. It was warming. Guy Montag page 145 |This passage reminds me of The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl. In the | | | |movie, Lavagirl gets afraid of her power because she is persuaded that fire | | | |is nothing but destruction. However, the main character convinces her that | | | |fire isn’t always destruction, but it’s also light.
In this case, fire isn’t | | | |just burning, it’s also heat. At times we may be afraid of what we see, but | | | |until we get to know what it is, no one will really know how better it is. | |3 |““We all made the right kind of mistakes, or we wouldn’t be|I highly agree with this passage. A lot of people get frustrated when they do| | |here. ” Granger page 150 |something wrong, but it’s because we made the mistakes that we were able to | | | |learn from it. I remember a case where I was playing a game and I didn’t know| | | |what to do so I decided to guess, but I accidently clicked a different button| | | |and it turned out to be the right one. |
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Alfred Hitchcock Movie Review
Alfred Hitchcock movie review Alfred Hitchcock was a brilliant technician who blended sex, suspense and humor. Hitchcock directed more than fifty feature films in a career spanning six decades. He remains one of the most popular and most recognized filmmakers, and his works are still popular today. Hitchcock was able to master not only the art of the film making but also the art of the psychological thriller. Hitchcock trademark techniques that made his film classics today include “Emotion”, “The Camera is not a Camera”, “Dialogue is not everything”, and “Suspense is Information”. Four of his recognizable films; Dial M for Murder, Rear Window, Vertigo and North by Northwest demonstrates the techniques of a typical Hitchcock film. EMOTION Hitchcock believed that emotion that comes from the eyes of the actors, he used close up shots of actor’s eyes which intensified the emotion, the farther away the less intense. By using this technique he’s not only able to show the actors feelings but also control the audiences’. In the movie Vertigo we see Hitchcock’s “Emotion” technique as Scott runs after Judy into the church towers, audiences sees his fear as he chases after Judy, another of Hitchcock’s technique that he used to intensify the situation was by the spiraling of the stairs, the stairs becomes farther and farther as Scott continues chasing after Judy giving audiences a sense of danger. The camera zooms in for a close up of Scott’s face as we see a mixed of anger and disbelief after witnessing a suicide. Vertigo demonstrated Hitchcock’s emotion technique through Scott’s fear of heights and his theory of proximity. THE CAMERA IS NOT A CAMERA Another one of Hitchcock’s famous trademark techniques is “The camera is not a camera”, for this technique Hitchcock uses the camera and gives it human qualities like allowing it to roam and lets it go freely. By doing this Hitchcock lets audiences experience the story. In the beginning of the movie Rear Window, the camera is always at a constant pace with James. During the whole time all the audiences get are point of view shots of James looking out the window and around the room giving the audience a little more understanding of the story. Hitchcock establishes not only James personality but also the plot and what may happen in the future. One of Hitchcock’s more stylish thriller, an man bound to a wheelchair spotting a possible murder, be ready to get frightened. DIALOGUE IS NOT EVERYTHING Another technique Hitchcock uses to draw the audience further into the minds of the characters is called “Dialogue is not everything” This type of technique allows Hitchcock to give the audience a sense of relation with a character by either having the actor always being pre-occupied with something during a scene or having them constantly distracted. In North by Northwest audience see this specific type of element when Thornhill spies on Phillip and Leonard at Phillip’s retreat, after finding out that Eve might be in danger, he quickly writes a note on a matchbox and throws it down where Eve was sitting. Audience can easily tell Eve is a professional spy as she is able to decipher the note and uses an excuse to meet up with Thornhill. Hitchcock uses this technique to not only draw the audience’s attention but teases them with the thought of wanting more. North by Northwest, a funny and yet thriller, including many memorable scenes like Mount Rushmore. SUSPENCE IS INFORMATION Hitchcock known as the master of suspense was not only excellent at playing the minds of the audience but also keeps them second guessing on the outcomes. Information is essential to Hitchcock’s films and tends to show the audience what the actors don’t see. An example of the suspense is in the movie Dial M for Murder in the ending when Tony unaware of the detective sneaking into his apartment and is waiting for him to find the key under the stairwell. The audience knows that most likely Tony is going to remember the key in which he planted under the stairs, but instead of heading for the key right away Tony wanders around figuring where he could have left his key. Hitchcock uses this technique to prolong and to keep the suspense. A suspenseful film from beginning to end, with the hard headed detective and an eager husband battling it out. It will keep you guessing till the end. Emotion, the camera is not a camera, dialogue is not everything and suspense is information all contribute to Hitchcock’s stylistic filming techniques.
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Advanced Food Hygiene
LEVEL 4 AWARD IN MANAGING FOOD SAFETY IN CATERING.
Assignment A- Food safety management procedures (Compulsory) Candidate:. I am currently working in a busy hotel at the heart of a busy up market area. As part of my role I am responsible for the management and auditing of the kitchen, we have 6 permanent staff and 4 temporary who are seasonal workers. It is as part of these responsibilities that i have to ensure that all food safety management procedures are followed and when needed, up dated. This assignment is in three parts and is broken down to the following areas: The first describes the how procedures ensure effective compliance with currant legislation and codes of practice within our business. The second explains how these procedures have been established monitored and verified. The third is a critical analysis of when a food safety management procedure failed how corrective action was taken and communicated to ensure food safety in the future. The Food Hygiene (England) Regulations 2006 came into force in January 2006 and replace the 1995 regulations Food Safety and the Food safety temperature control regulations 1995. Due to the expansion of our hotel and the restaurant it became necessary to implement a full Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedure in line with the currant regulations, we also follow the (EU) No 852/2004 Regulations on hygiene of foodstuffs. The main requirement of this states that you must be able to provide evidence of measures taken to ensure that the food you make and sell is safe to eat. It is a legal requirement that a food business operator must implement a food safety management system based on the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles. These Principles are as follows. Conduct a hazard analysis. 2. Determine the Critical Control Points (CCP) 3. Establish critical limits. 4. Establish a monitoring system for each CCP. 5. Establish corrective action to be taken when a CCP is breached. 6. Establish verification procedures to confirm that HACCP is working effectively. 7. Establish documentation and records concerning all procedures appropriate to these principles and their application. The regulations cover the general requirements for the design construction and operation of a food premises, it explains how food must be prepared safely with the minimum risk of cross contamination. It must allow for adequate cleaning and or disinfection. It explains that the size of the kitchen where possible and within building regulations should be at least one third the size of the dining room in order to allow a linear flow from delivery of goods to service of food. We have tried to follow this as much as the design of the building allows. Food premises are to be kept clean and maintained in good repair and condition, the design and layout of the rooms are to permit good hygiene practices, including protection against contamination between, during and fter operations, it explains in particular • Floors, Walls, Ceilings, Lighting, Ventilation, Kitchen Equipment, Washing Facilities, Food Washing, Was hand basin, Water Supply. - In order to comply with the law it is essential that we do not just follow one set of regulations; we need to look at other Acts and regulations in order to maintain a Safe working environment and be safe from prosecution. Whilst looking at the Food Hygiene (England) Regulations 2006 the following had to be taken into consideration.
The Prevention of damage by Pest Act, 1949, where it states that the occupier of any land or building is required to notify the local authority of any rodent infestation. This Act made me pay particular attention to a Pest Plan. I had to remind myself that this is a pre requisite to any HACCP plan. I also had to take into consideration The Health and Safety at Work, etc. Act, 1974, because as an employer we have a legal obligation to ensure, as far as reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare of employees. To protect non-employees and members of the public against risk to health and safety, arising from activities of persons at work. I took these all into consideration whilst preparing a written safety policy, this was important as our hotel employs more than 5 personnel and in order to avoid any prosecution should we fall foul of any complaint or subsequent investigation, the penalties for any such offence are clearly stated within The Food Hygiene (England) Regulations, 2006. A person guilty of an offence under these regulations shall be liable to: On summary conviction (at a magistrates’ court) to a maximum fine of 5,000. On conviction on indictment (at a crown court in front of a judge and jury) to imprisonment for up to 2 years and/or an unlimited fine. A person guilty of obstruction or knowingly misleading information on summary conviction can be fined up to 5,000 and/or imprisonment for up to three months. As well as the regulations explained it is important to understand, Regulation 10 of the Food Hygiene (England) Regulations, Defence of Due Diligence. To prove a due diligence defence, evidence must be documented. This evidence should include information on staff training, hazard analysis systems, temperature checks, cleaning schedules, hygiene audits, maintenance reports and pest contractor’s reports. As part of our strategy these records have been incorporated into the Hotels Food Safety Statement. We (the management team) looked at our policies and procedures before we could feasibly set out our stall. We started by carrying out our own internal audit of procedures but as this progressed we soon realised that an external audit of our policies and procedures may better serve our purpose. It also helped highlight the inadequacies of all staff and not just those in management roles. The results, we hoped would give us a platform on which to build our HACCP procedures. It is also important to understand the definitions of Monitoring and Verification. Monitoring. The planned observations and measurements of controls in order to confirm that the process is under control and that critical limits are not exceeded. Monitoring methods can include the monitoring of time/temperature, physical dimensions, organoleptic assessments (smell, touch, appearance, taste) visual inspections and checking of records are essential in order to: Confirm that expected standards/controls are achieved. • Identify problems, for example sources of contamination. • To minimize complaints. • Assist in the development of a food safety culture. • Encourage commitment and improve motivation of staff. Verification. The application of methods, procedures and tests in addition to the monitoring, to determine compliance with the HACCP plan, (including prerequisite programmes. )Part of verification is validation, obtaining evidence that elements of the HACCP plan are effective, for example what evidence has been obtained to prove a satisfactory temperature for cooking raw meat. Verification should involve auditing, random sampling, end-product testing and analysing complaints for types and trends are all verification techniques. The frequency of such verification should ensure confidence in the system. [9]Although all staff were trained to at least basis food handling it was reported that some staff had suffered from a certain amount of skill fade. All stock had been date checked and stacked for use upon arrival; this showed that our stock rotation policy of first in first was not a cause for concern. All food on site could be traced back to the named supplier through adequate record keeping; I felt that we could improve upon that in order to comply with article 18, Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 general principles of food law and procedures in matters of food safety. [10]COSHH procedures were in place at least 1 member of staff was qualified and was responsible for all COSHH related matters, this could have proved to be a problem as the Hotel worked on a shift rotation pattern and it is against employment law to employ someone 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. There was a Recordable Cleaning Schedule. Potential hazards were identified and evaluated in terms of likelihood it also helped establish, control and monitor our food safety procedures: a copy of the findings is below
Critical limits were established for each CCP, for instance a critical limit may be the length of time cooked in order to eliminate or minimise the hazard caused. The table clearly lays out each Step, hazard control and monitoring technique. The checking of temperatures is carried out with the use of an electronic probe that should be maintained on a regular basis, it is also important to establish adequate training and supervision on such equipment. If critical limits were not met all foodstuffs involved with that process should be discarded. A verification system was up dated in order to ensure that the HACCP procedures were met. It set out responsibilities and duties. Examples:- To monitor records in order to ensure they are completed correctly Management. Observe monitoring activities to ensure that correct procedure is being followed Management. Ensure all monitoring equipment is calibrated, i. e. Thermometers, probes, etc. Management. Whilst carrying out the verification list it became apparent that these steps would require the HACCP plan to be followed to the letter and therefore periodic reviews of the HACCP plan need to be carried out. Once all of the paperwork was in place it became important to the running of the business that all documentation be completed fully and expeditiously as records may be needed for enforcement officers and or external auditors, they also support the due diligence defence. As part of the managerial structure I was called upon to investigate an incident where a customer had complained that a short while after she had eaten a meal containing chicken she had fallen ill. After speaking to the Head Chef and other staff on duty that evening it became apparent through statements that the correct procedure for temperature reading had not been followed resulting in the chicken breast being undercooked, Thankfully the lady took the matter no further and accepted an apology and a free long weekend at the Hotel. However the mistake had been made and had to be followed up, a review of the procedures was needed in order to bring the incident to a satisfactory conclusion for all concerned. As previously stated it was found that certain procedures were not being carried out, namely temperature checking the cooked meat with the probes. The Head Chef explained that the he and his kitchen staff followed The ‘Cook Safe’ Manual. I felt that this was the chefs attempt to mislead me as I recalled a chapter about temperature control within this manual, however in order to confirm my suspicions I felt that the matter should be investigated further. I decided to direct the Chef to the Chapter stating how probes should be used, tested and calibrated and how the temperature of food should be recorded. It was also pointed out that as Head Chef he should not need to refer to literature and that these temperatures are also an integral part of the HACCP plan. I then looked at a period retraining and refreshing for the staff, through training and supervision we needed to meet the legal requirements and maintain our reputation Documented Procedure, and where appropriate records were required to be introduced in relation to: • Food safety Hazards occurring in the work place • Critical Control Points. • Control resources at Critical control Point. • Corrective action at Critical Control point. • Verification procedures • Review of Food safety Management Procedures. Although all of the above are already in place it was my responsibility as management to ensure that these points were formally pursued and as a result the following recommendations were made: • Training on temperature control was undertaken • Temperature readings were carried out correctly • Temperature readings were correctly documented • A review of all procedures to be implemented to avoid this incident from re occurring. Temperature control, at the time of the alleged incident it was noted that food safety hazards associated with inadequate temperature control had been identified. As a result it was found that a temporary member of staff was unaware that a temperature probe was to be used before the food was served but before then, the temperature should have been recorded to ascertain that the chicken was cooked correctly. The Chef also took some blame as he stated ‘normally they take my word for it that food is cooked’. It was also found that some skill fade had occurred on behalf of the kitchen staff and management. As a result of the findings a period of retraining and revision was undertaken by all of the Kitchen staff and management, a competency register was put together and is now used on a regular basis. This has helped with our Safe Food System. These systems has been explained to all new staff as part of the induction package and snap checks are carried out to help prevent any further incidents occurring, it also works in conjunction with the HACCP plan. We place great importance on communication between all staff members and customers and work tirelessly to discuss good working practices. We have purchased signage and adapted our induction training to allow more time to fully understand the Food Safety Management Procedures, we have also recognised the training needs of all staff including those with special or individual learning needs, we have also had to recognise migrant workers and in doing so have adapted our training and support policy. Within the Hotel I operate an open door policy in order to minimise or eliminate any unsafe practices. (EU)N0 852/2004 Regulations on Hygiene of foodstuffs. Regulation(EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs, Article 5. Hygiene for Managers, Richard A. Sprenger, Highfield. co. uk Limited, 13th Edition 2007, Page 287 Para, 1 [4] Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs Annex 2, Chapter 1. (General hygiene requirements). Regulation (EC) No 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs Annex 2, (General hygiene requirements) Chapter 2. (Specific requirements in rooms where foodstuffs are prepared, treated or processed) The Prevention of Damage by Pests Act, 1949 The Health and Safety at Work, etc, Act, 1974 The Food Hygiene (England) Regulations,2006, Part 3, Regulation 17. [9] Regulation (EC)No. 852/2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs, Chapter XII, Training 10] The control of Substances Hazardous to health Regulations,1999
A Description of how food safety management procedures ensure effective compliance with current legislation and codes of practice in your catering business. An explanation of how you, as a manager in your catering business, can establish, monitor and verify food safety management procedures. A critical analysis of an incident when food safety management procedures failed – including details of the corrective actions taken and an explanation of how these were communicated to ensure food safety in the future.
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Advanced Food Hygiene. (2017, Sep 22).
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Comprehensive Annual Financial Report
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Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. (2017, Sep 22).
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