The Abuse of Prescription Drugs

Introduction

This paper will discuss the prescription drug abuse in the youth. Three articles written by several authors will be compared and contrasted on the methodologies used by to conduct their research on how racial/ethnic backgrounds, motivations, and education influence substance abuse. All have a correlation on highlighting the misuse of prescription drug use by young adults. Each article gives its own interpretation of study on how and why youth are misusing prescription drugs on an ethical level, how this problem is very understudied, the risks of misusing prescription drugs, treatments for youth affected by this growing problem and preventative measures.

In the three articles of study, the writers needed to inspect youth and the abuse of prescribed drugs. Despite the fact that the articles center around youth and prescription drugs, diverse research techniques were utilized to test their theorizes. In comparison, two articles written by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) used a qualitative approach to conduct their study. The studies were conducted with a large sampling group ranging from 400 to 36, 781 participants which had a longitudinal study over a time period.

Results from both articles did seem to support the hypothesis even though both studies showed limitation within. On contrast, article written by Conn and Marks (2014) used the quantitative empirical approach to collect data to describe ethnic/racial group differences in prescription drug misuse within a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Also to identify potential sociocultural influences on this health risk behavior. From the techniques utilized, gave new ethnic gathering particular data about the job that the dispositions of companions and guardians on substance utilize may play in whether young people abuse prescription drugs. To be better test the theory, a longitudinal report would have been best to test the speculation.

Each article of study had to show their study to be reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) data was reliable. Conns and Marks (2014) Conns and Marks (2014) article leads a reliability (test-retest reliability). Constraint in the examination made the test be inconsistent. The investigation utilized a current and national database which constrained the utilization of factors that could be utilized to analyze for members reaction decision.

Closed-ended reactions restrained the capacity to survey subtleties of such messages about prescription drug abuse. What's more, the things did not evaluate for peer associates or parental approval of prescription drug abuse; in this way, it is suggested that future investigations attempt to quantify the full range of states of mind with respect to prescription drug abuse. Second, while the utilization of a national informational collection builds generalizability, the outcomes can't be summed up to all youths, especially those in other ethnic or racial gatherings excluded in this examination.

What's more, the present examination did exclude young people who self-recognized as multiracial, a portion of the populace that is quickly expanding in the United States. Third, there are very much recorded restrictions in the utilization of self-report studies versus empirical or observed data. The current examination was additionally constrained by the utilization of cross-sectional information. In future research, longitudinal information is expected to additionally look at the course of these watched connections among parental and peer substance abuse states of mind.

In spite of the fact that the example contained adequate members in every ethnic gathering to lead examinations, the quantity of white teenagers far surpassed that of blacks and Hispanic youths joined. Additionally, the modest number of ethnic minority members blocked the researchers from having the capacity to look at these prescient connections between various classes of prescription drugs. In the cross-sectional article by Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) turned out to be reliable (internal consistency). Study consisted of 36,781 it shows that young adults who don't go to school are at especially high hazard for non-medical medicine opioid abuse. Conversely, the non-medical abuse of prescribed drugs is higher among college enrolled young adults.

The examination provides a requirement for young adults avoidance and mediation projects to target non-medical prescribed drugs use past campus grounds. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) depended on internal consistency reliability (split-half reliability). The investigation was assumed intended to examine young adults engaged with nightlife scenes. Following the evaluation, the motivational settings of prescription drugs abuse among young adult gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors demonstrated it to be solid yet temperamental in concentrate the nightlife of young adults.

With the end goal for research to be valid, it must be reliable. Because evidence provided in articles Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) were reliable, both articles are valid. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), demonstrated legitimacy in developmental. Built on the feeling of concentrate young adults engaged with nightlife scenes however not a dependable source. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) approach utilized are legitimate develop.

Instructive achievement collaborated with sexual orientation and race among non-medical clients of remedy opioids, females who finished secondary school yet were not enlisted in school had an essentially more serious danger of opioid issue contrasted with female understudies than a similar correlation for men the hazard for non-medical abuse of solution opioids was irrelevant cross-wise over instructive fulfillment bunches for Hispanics, which was fundamentally not quite the same as the expanded hazard appeared for non-Hispanic whites. Conn and Marks (2014) article estimates Comparisons of utilizing ACASI inside NSDUH have demonstrated that it decreases detailing inclination. Accordingly, factors utilized in this examination are viewed as dependent on substantial self-reports as it were.

Unreliable sources will hurt your credibility and make your arguments seem less powerful. Despite the fact that the utilization hypothetical triangulation which comprise of different hypothetical point of view to investigate the information, still leaves the article Conns and Marks (2014) not credible for me.. When additionally contemplate is led leaving the investigation solid and legitimate, I believe it can hold credibility to help the speculation. In my understanding of the data from articles by Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) and Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015), they both deemed credible from their data. Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014), I found to be credible on the investigation of the motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse among young adults gives proof valuable to counteractive action, mediation and treatment endeavors.

Both negative and positive inspirations to drug abuse are related with increments in prescribed drug abuse recurrence. Tending to positive and negative motivational settings of prescribed drug abuse may not just give a way to decrease abuse and actualize hurt decrease measures, however may likewise illuminate the substance of treatment for young adults with prescribed drug abuse issues. Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) article I believed to be credible.

The creators utilized strategies for triangulation which is utilizing distinctive information gathering techniques with the end goal to check the consistency of the discoveries. The investigation had absence of point by point information on mental analysis yet in addition had a few considerable qualities, including the thorough NSDUH examine structure and information accumulation techniques, large size and generalizability to the US youthful grown-up family unit populace.

Conclusion

In closing of my comparing and contrasting of the three articles, the studies did have limitations in retrieving data. I still feel they provided support as much as possible from each study. For the two large sample studies with limitations, I believe they had enough sufficient data that even if they threw out outliers, they still had enough to support hypothesis. Results from Conns and Marks (2014) article I feel did not yield the outcomes they were expecting the examination. Consequently leaving the end to direct future examinations utilizing an alternate research technique like a longitudinal report.

With another examination, it could be more solid and hold legitimacy leaving the investigation credible. I do feel they got a few information from the investigation on , 10.4% of young people supported abusing at least 1 subtypes of professionally prescribed medications. The outcomes demonstrated noteworthy ethnic gathering contrasts in rates of prescription drug abuse with the end goal that white teenagers revealed the most astounding rates and black teenagers announced the least rates of prescription drug abuse.

Rates of abuse for Hispanic young people fell in the middle. Critically, I saw parental and peer substance utilize dissatisfaction diminished the probability of prescribed medication abuse most fundamentally among white teenagers contrasted with Hispanic and black teenagers. Besides, impact of objection contrasted by the kind of substance, demonstrating ethnic gathering contrasts in dissatisfaction, for example, perspectives of liquor versus pot utilize. I feel Kelly, Rendina, Vuolo, Wells and Parsons (2014) found critical sex/sexual introduction contrasts in the Positive and Tempting Situations subscales, with hetero men scoring higher on both subscales than GBQ men.

A one-unit increment in this subscale was related with a 59% expansion in the rate of the abuse of pain killers. Taking all things together, I feel divulgences show that being mixed to maul prescribed medications in light of negative conditions is a key driver of medicine issues and manifestations of reliance among energetic young adults. In addition, clinicians ought to think about this as a key inspiration driving intervention for young adults in danger of apostatize to prescription drugs.

An emphasis on both positive and negative inspirations to utilize drugs may additionally be a way to deal with push the take-up. Taking everything into account, results gathered from Kim, Chen, Levin, Keyes, Cerda' and Storr (2015) appeared differently in relation to those going to class, non-school going to young adults with at any rate and not as much as a HS degree had a higher ordinariness of past-year non-medical usage of prescription opioids 13.1.

The examination furthermore exhibited that among non-medical customers of arrangement opioids, females who completed school anyway were not chosen in school had an inside and out more genuine threat of opioid issue (appeared differently in relation to female students) than a comparative connection for men. I moreover feel that the peril for non-medical use of drug opioids was irrelevant transversely over school packs for Hispanics, which was not equivalent as the extended risk showed up for non-Hispanic whites. With everything taken into account, this examination portrays that vibrant young adults who don't attend school are at particularly high peril for non-medical medication opioid abuse.

Curiously, I do trust the non-medical use of prescription drugs is higher among school trained young adults. The effects of sexual introduction and race on these affiliations are basic to consider in the examination. The level of education may be a protective factor for some race/ethnic social events yet for no one else. There is an unprecedented prerequisite for young adult neutralizing activity and intercession ventures to target non-medical prescription drugs far past school grounds far beyond school campuses.

References

• Conn BM, Marks AK. Ethnic/Racial differences in peer and parent influence on
  adolescent prescription drug misuse. J Dev Behavioral Pediatrics. 2014 May;35(4):257-65.
  doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000058
  
• Kelly, B. C., Rendina, H. J., Vuolo, M., Wells, B. E., & Parsons, J. T. (2014). Influences of motivational contexts on prescription drug misuse and related drug problems. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 48(1), 49-55.
  doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.07.005
  
• Martins SS, Kim JH, Chen LY, Levin D, Keyes KM, Cerd M, Storr CL. Nonmedical prescription drug use among US young adults by educational attainment. Social Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol. 2015 May;50(5):713-24.
  doi:10.1007/s00127-014-0980-3.

Cite this page