What were the 3 Jim Crow Laws?

Jim Crow was not a real man he was a personal theater character by Thomas D. Rice and an ethnic deprivation in accordance with contemporary white ideas of African - American and their culture. Imparted by white democrat - dominated state legislators after the reconstruction period in the late 19th centuries. He was a black character that was played by a white man named Thomas D.Rice which was a white man. It was of a racial segregation in the Southern United States. The play was called Jumped Jim Crow!! Therefore, Jim Crow came about because of a fictional character, however, the impact it had on African Americans was far from fictional as these became laws that governed African Americans.

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by conservative white Democrats-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, the laws were enforced until 1965(www.history.com).The legal principle of "separate, but equal" racial segregation was extended to public facilities and transportation, including the coaches of interstate trains and buses. Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded, compared to the facilities for white Americans; sometimes there were no black facilities(www.history.com). As a body of law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African Americans. Legalized racial segregation principally existed in the Southern states, while Northern racial segregation generally was a matter of fact enforced in housing with private covenants in leases, bank lending-practices, and employment-preference discrimination, including labor-union practices(www. history.com).

From the 1870s, Southern state legislators, no longer controlled by carpetbaggers and freedmen, passed laws requiring the separating in public transportation and schools. Generally, anyone of ascertainable or strongly suspected black ancestry in any degree was for that purpose a person of colour; the pre-civil War distinction favouring those whose ancestry was known to be mixedparticularly the half-French free persons of colour in Louisianawas abandoned. The segregation principle was extended to parks, cemeteries, theatres, and restaurants in an effort to prevent any contact between blacks and whites as equals.

In the South United States, Jim Crow laws and legal racial segregation in public facilities existed from the late 19th century into the 1950s. The civil rights movement was initiated by Southern blacks in the 1950s and 60s to break the prevailing pattern of segregation. In 1954, in its Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 decision justification of separate but equal facilities. It declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. In the years following, subsequent decisions struck down similar kinds of Jim Crow legislation.

Jim Crow laws were any of enforced racial segregation in the American South between the end of Reconstitution in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950s. In its Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896. The U.S. Supreme court ruled that separate but equal facilities for African American did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, ignoring evidence that the blacks were inferior to those intended to whites. Jim Crow laws sometimes, as in Florida, part of state constitutions mandated the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was already segregated. President Woodrow Wilson, a Southern Democrat, initiated segregation of federal workplaces at the request of southern Cabinet members in 1913.These Jim Crow laws revived principles of the 1865 and 1866 Black Codes, which had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans. Segregation of public (state-sponsored) schools was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education. In some states it took years to implement this decision. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, but years of action and court challenges have been needed to unravel the many means of institutional discrimination.
An African-American man drinking at a "colored" drinking fountain in a streetcar terminal in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 1939

The Jim Crow laws and the high rate of lynchings in the South were major factors which led to the Great Migration during the first half of the 20th century. Because opportunities were so limited in the South, African Americans moved in great numbers to cities in Northeastern, Midwestern, and Western states to seek better lives.

Despite the hardship and prejudice of the Jim Crow era, several black entertainers and literary figures gained broad popularity with white audiences in the early 20th century. They included luminaries such as tap dancers Bill "Bojangles" Robinson and the Nicholas Brothers, jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington and Count Basie, and the actress Hattie McDaniel (in 1939 she was the first black to receive an Academy Award when she won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance as Mammy in Gone with the Wind)(www.history.com). African American athletes struggled in life because all of the negativity during the Jim Crow period. White opposition led to their exclusion from most organized sporting competitions.The boxers Jack Johnson and Joe Louis (both of whom became world heavyweight boxing champions) and track and field athlete Jesse Owens (who won four gold medals at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin) earned fame during this era. In baseball, a color line instituted in the 1880s had informally barred blacks from playing in the major leagues, leading to the development of the Negro Leagues, which featured many fine layers(www.history.com). A major breakthrough happened when Jackie Robinson was hired as the first African American to play major league baseball ; he permanently broke the color bar. Baseball teams continued to integrate in the following years, leading to the full participation of black baseball players in the Major Leagues in the 1960s(www.history.com). There was a color change between blacks and whites when on of his teammates put there arm around Robinson during the game and stood there and watched the crowd call them names till they finally relized that blacks and whites we the same just different skin color. So therefor Jim Crow was a big break through with African American life styles and for pro sports.

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