Impact of Electronics Banking on the Banking System

Twenty first century is the century of science and technology. Science and technology changes people both personal and professional lives. The rapid changes and advancement in electronic devices and its distribution channels that have produce tremendous changes in business from last two decades. [1]

Growing competition between bank and non-bank financial institutions also raises a question that why some customers are adopting one distributional channel and others are not and identification of those factors that may influence customers to adopt this decision is very important for Electronics Banking service providers. The evaluations of new services are very difficult where the quality of trustworthiness dominates. [2]

It is also important to study the impact of technology based transactions on banker's perceptions and behavior. [3] The Distribution channel based upon Electronics Banking system reduces the personal contact between banks and customers. [4]

There are many definition of Electronics Banking but some are following.

According to FFIEC a system in which automatic delivers the banking products and services to customers through some electronics devices or some interactive communication channels. Electronics Banking is a compendious system in which a customers either individuals or businesses can easily access their accounts, business transaction, or general information regarding financial banking products and services through a public or private networks including the Internet and some intelligent electronics devices like a Personal Computer (PC), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Automated Teller Machine (ATM), or Touch Tone Telephone etc. [5]

According to Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary when a customer want to makes changes, organize or examine their bank accounts and investment through internet or through some smart electronics devices is called Electronics Banking or Electronics Banking System. [6]

"Electronics Banking" is a system that allows a bank customer to access its bank accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or some other intelligent devices.

The precursor for the modern home online banking services were the distance banking services over electronic media from the early 1980s. The term online became popular in the late '80s and referred to the use of a terminal, keyboard and TV (or monitor) to access the banking system using a phone line. 'Home banking' can also refer to the use of a numeric keypad to send tones down a phone line with instructions to the bank. Online services started in New York in 1981 when four of the city's major banks (Citibank, Chase Manhattan, Chemical and Manufacturers Hanover) offered home banking services using the videotex system. Because of the commercial failure of videotex these banking services never became popular except in France where the use of videotex (Minitel) was subsidized by the telecom provider and the UK, where the Prestel system was used.

The UK's first home online banking services were set up by Bank of Scotland for customers of the Nottingham Building Society (NBS) in 1983. The system used was based on the UK's Prestel system and used a computer, such as the BBC Micro, or keyboard (Tandata Td1400) connected to the telephone system and television set. The system (known as 'Homelink') allowed on-line viewing of statements, bank transfers and bill payments. In order to make bank transfers and bill payments, a written instruction giving details of the intended recipient had to be sent to the NBS who set the details up on the Homelink system. Typical recipients were gas, electricity and telephone companies and accounts with other banks. Details of payments to be made were input into the NBS system by the account holder via Prestel. A cheque was then sent by NBS to the payee and an advice giving details of the payment was sent to the account holder. BACS was later used to transfer the payment directly. [6]

Electronic banking is the latest in the series of technological wonders of the recent past. ATMs, Tele Banking, Internet Banking, Credit Cards and Debit Cards have emerged as effective delivery channels for traditional banking products. In Pakistan, foreign banks took the lead by introducing ATMs and credit cards in the mid 1990s, and domestic banks followed in the late 1990s. The State Bank of Pakistan Annual Report (2003) explained this delayed entry in electronic banking largely by regulatory hurdles, higher start up costs, on-going banking sector reforms and lack of technical skills.

The Government of Pakistan further promoted electronic banking with the promulgation of the Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002. This landmark step provided legal recognition of digital signatures and documentation reducing the risks associated with the use of electronics media in business. At present, almost all commercial banks in Pakistan have setup their own ATM networks, issue debit and credit cards and have joined one of the two operating ATM Switch Networks.

Stanford Federal Credit Union was the first financial institution to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994.

Today, many banks are internet only banks. Unlike their predecessors, these internet only banks do not maintain brick and mortar bank branches. Instead, they typically differentiate themselves by offering better interest rates and online banking features. [7]

Banking System in Pakistan

All banks were nationalized before 1990. In 1991, two small banks MCB (Muslim Commercial Bank) and ABL (Allied Bank Limited) were privatize as per Government's General Program of Economic Liberalization and the Privatization of State Enterprises. And Government also instructed the State Bank of Pakistan for establishment of Commercial Banking in private sector. After first privatization, Government continuously tries to promote privatization of banking sector and setting up new private and foreign banks.

Electronics Banking System

In Pakistan, foreign banks took lead by introducing Electronics Banking System like ATMs and Credit Cards etc in mid 1990s and the domestic banks followed in the late 1990s. The initiative in Electronics Banking in Pakistan was taken late but now focused and efforts are being made to catch up the rest of the world.

Few years back, the banking level was too low and confined to the four wall of branch. But with the entry of private banks having limited number of branches and the investment in technology was chosen as alternative to overcome this deficiency. The advent and common use of Electronics Commerce and Internet forced the banks globally to incorporate Electronics Banking. Pakistani banks are still far behind their global counter parts. One such example is complete lack of merchant accounts in Pakistan. [15]

Objectives of Study

Overview of IT and Electronics Business in Pakistan.

To study the "Electronics Banking" facilities offered by the banks in Pakistan.

To study Electronics Banking and customers response.

To study about the functioning of Electronics Banking.

To explore the future prospects of Electronics Banking.

To study the Benefits and Risk of Electronics Banking.

Purpose and Significance of Study

The purpose of the study is to get appropriate data and solution of the problems and transfer this data into information and create a good suggestion, conclusion and recommendation. This research will be helpful for other researcher who may be focusing on the other Electronics Banking and customer oriented strategies. Such data will be helpful for those researchers who want to finding their own mean of study and analyzing and the factor of failure and success.

Electronics Banking / Online Banking System

Electronics Banking or Online Banking system is the series of latest technology which provide an effective delivery channel for the traditional banking system. Electronics banking system is a latest delivery channel offered by retail banks for attraction and satisfaction of its customers.

Electronics banking system that enables a corporate or individual customer to easily access their account and information regarding banks product and services through ATMs, Internet Banking, Tele-Banking etc without original signature verification, sending letters, faxes and telephone confirmation etc. [9]

Electronics Banking means provision of information regarding bank products and services via an internet website page or web page on internet. [11]

Types of Electronics Banking

There are many ways a customer can easily access his or her account and information regarding bank products and services. Customer can easily access his or her account through internet website page or web-page by using internet connection. Another way to access account is dial up the banks server through dial up modem to access his or her bank accounts and information. This type of online banking is called dial up banking this network between bank and its customer is called Extranet. [12]

Electronics Banking in Pakistan

In Pakistan, foreign banks took lead by introducing Electronics Banking System like ATMs and Credit Cards etc in mid 1990s and the domestic banks followed in the late 1990s. According to the report of SBP (State Bank of Pakistan) that the delayed entry in electronic banking largely by regulatory hurdles, higher start up costs, on-going banking sector reforms and lack of technical skills.

The Government of Pakistan further promoted electronic banking with the promulgation of the Electronic Transaction Ordinance 2002. But Electronics banking system also have many new challenges in Pakistan. Many countries have already modified their Electronics Banking regulations to achieve their main objectives like safety and reliability, promoting and maintain market discipline, and customer rights protection and the public trust in the Electronics Banking System.

At present in Pakistan, all commercial banks have their own setup of ATMs, Debit and Credit Cards and web access system for individual and corporate clients. And there are many ways that a customer can easily access his or her accounts.

There are but lack of knowledge regarding computers, internet and other latest technology this is because lack of education and information to them. This is the responsibility of banks to educate and shift their customer toward Electronics Banking System and make them understand the advantages, disadvantages and importance of Electronics Banking System but Pakistani's Banks failed to do so. These are big barriers in using Electronics Banking system in Pakistan.

Online Products and Services

According to web survey, Pakistani banks are providing following Online Products and Services.

My Accounts

In this section, we can access and check accounts status from any where through Internet Connection. We can keep eye on real time account balances and transaction means we can access accounts 24/7. We can also manage and maintain multiple accounts and download the cash flow statement or view it on real time basis. We can also download customer profile, Bank statement and other guide line and information regarding banks products and services.

Payments

We can make transfer of Funds, Credit Card payment, direct payment to anyone, utility bill payment instantly through Electronics Banking System. This is very fast, easy and secure and we can view the result in a movement.

Request

We can make online Cheque Books request, Stop Payment request, Demand Draft or Pay Order request, Fixed Deposit request.

Alerts

We can set different types of alerts in the Electronics Banking system. Like bank statement alert, deposit or withdraw alerts, bank balance alert etc.

With the help of Electronics banking system we can easily access account at any time of the day or night through internet connected computer and save a lot of times.

Strengths and Weaknesses of Electronics Banking

Relative Advantages

Relative advantage is the degree that the innovation is perceived as better than the idea or product it supersede. Typically, this has been thought of as economic advantage; however, many innovations have appeal on a status dimension. Also, the relative advantage of an innovation can change over time. For example, a pocket, four-function calculator bought in 1975 cost about $150. Today, a more complex calculator can be bought for less than $10, or even come as part of a $15 digital watch. Relative advantage may be thought of as the rewards and punishments of an innovation. This is one reason why it is difficult to promote preventive innovations. The benefits are generally uncertain, and almost by definition, may occur sometime in the future. [16] As mentioned earlier Electronics Banking service provides different benefits that include ease for clients, lesser cost of operation, faster transactions, and lesser miscommunication and errors. These advantages provide the company with more reasons to give excellent service to clients; it also gives banks a better image than competitors.

Compatibility

Compatibility refers to the capacity of products to function in association with others. VHS cassettes are only compatible with VHS players; computer software may require a particular operating system, and the like. The process of ensuring product compatibility and policing aspects of quality has always entailed a mixture of public sector and private sector initiatives. Yet great variation exists across nations in the matters that have been left to the market and those that have been subjected to regulation, and debates continue both in political assemblies and in the academy as to the appropriate role of government in regulating product characteristics. [17] Electronics Banking is compatible with the current trends and current world situation. It relates to the changes whether it is technological or social that is continuously happening. Electronics Banking gives a probable solution to these generations' needs and the urgency of making people's lives easier. This kind of banking is a probable solution to organizational problems and a big help for different organizations to survive in the ever changing world environment.

Trialability and Observability

Trialability means the ability to experience an innovation on a limited basis. Numerous free samples received in the mail are an example of attempts to exploit this dimension. Observability means the results are visible to the adopter and to others. This can be thought of as a feedback dimension. For example, newer exercise equipment provides the user with continuous heart rate, caloric expenditure, and other performance related information. [16] Electronics Banking services are good for trials and by undergoing trials this service can be improved and perfected according to the clients needs.A  Electronics Banking also shows observability since initial results can be seen abruptly thus its effects can be known and changes can be made.A 

Complexity

Complexity means the perceived difficulty to understand or use an innovation and is negatively related to the rate of adoption. For example, personal computers (PC's) that appear to require extensive knowledge of computer languages should not have mass market appeal. [16] Electronics Banking in a way shows complexity since people who will use it must be knowledgeable of computers and the internet.

Perceived Risk

Risks are things companies think that they might encounter or the things they have to take and ignore to continue with the business undertaking. In Electronics Banking service perceived risk can be easily identified. In Electronics Banking the probable difficulties and problems that will be encountered can be predicted thus sparing a banking institution from having a hard time.

Research Methodology

A systematic way to identify the problem or to solve the problem using different logical steps is called Research Methods. There are many types of research methods like exploratory, descriptive, constructive, empirical etc. In my dissertation I will use descriptive method of research.

Descriptive Method

In this dissertation I will described the Electronics Banking through Descriptive Research method. In this method I will gathered the data through current situation. After process the data into information I will describe the nature and cause of current situation Electronics Banking in Pakistan. Descriptive method is more practical, quick and more flexible. Major statistical calculation can applied in this research method. If any issues or question will arise during the dissertation we can further investigate through this flexible method.

Research Strategy

In this dissertation, I will gather the data through different books of different authors, through case studies, related articles journals, Internet, verbal, documentary and different literary tool. After gather these data we will examine, categorize, tabulate and recombine this data into information and upon findings we will make suggestion, conclusions and recommendation in my dissertation.

Data

As data collection method is highly influenced by the methodology, which is chosen. [13]

In my dissertation / thesis I will use case study, questionnaire and financial journal's data to find the "Introduction of Electronics Banking in Pakistan and its evaluative impact on Banking System".

Data Collection Methods

Data collection method is the main key of research. Data can be described into two categories according to its source or its basis.

Primary Data Collection

Secondary Data Collection

Primary Data Collection

Primary data will come from survey. In survey, we will use questionnaire and interview that will conduct by us means the researcher. Primary collection of data will give us the detailed informative data and after apply statistical calculation it will be more helpful information for my dissertation and other researcher.

Questionnaire

The questionnaire will be design upon the requirement and necessity of the dissertation but some of the questions are following as per requirement of proposal.

Are you aware about IT (Information Technology)?

Are you aware about the Electronics Banking in Pakistan?

Do you have a bank account? If yes so in which bank?

Are you satisfied with the services of bank?

Are you aware about the benefits of Electronics Banking?

What are your main transactions through bank?

Are you feeling safe to disclose your information on Internet?

Secondary Data Collection

The secondary data will come from books of different authors, through case studies, related articles journals, Internet, verbal, documentary and different literary tool. Secondary data is more convenient to use in research because secondary data is already organized, condensed and more compatible. So we can easily make suggestions, conclusions and recommendations in research.

Data Analysis

Data analysis can be defined "as consisting of three concurrent flows of activity: data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification".

According to Yin we will examine, categorize, tabulate and recombine the collected data and upon findings we will make suggestions, conclusions and recommendation in our dissertation.

 

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