A Financial Case Study Analysis

Efficient market hypothesis- An investment theory that states it is impossible to "beat the market" because stock market efficiency causes existing share prices to always incorporate and reflect all relevant information. According to the EMH, stocks always trade at their fair value on stock exchanges, making it impossible for investors to either purchase undervalued stocks or sell stocks for inflated prices. As such, it should be impossible to outperform the overall market through expert stock selection or market timing, and that the only way an investor can possibly obtain higher returns is by purchasing riskier investments.”(Investopedia web site). Required:

1. Using the regression analysis calculate the line of best fit through the data and interpret your values of a and b.

where, a=120 b=3 Y=a+bx =120+3(let x=0) =120+0 =A£120(A£000) =A£120,000

2. Forecasts sales when advertising expenditure is:

1. A£50,000

Let x=A£50,000 Y=a+bx =A£120,000+3(A£50,000) =A£120,000+A£150,000 =A£270,000

2. Identify and appraise the sources of finance available to Jeronimo Inc. Give various sources so that the board of directors can discuss at the next board meeting.

Jeronimo Inc. amass its investment commencing the basis: Lengthy period sources of finance

• Ordinary shares - no fixed burden, permanent capital, credit worthiness, dividend.
• Debt – commercial bank loan, asset based borrowing, bonds, small business investments companies, insurance company, stock broker house.
• Mortgage, lottery funding, retained profiting asset also other sources of finance

As well as the Jeronimo Inc. rummage sale their merchandise in a altered business promotion, sale plus reduce the manufacture price via decreasing other redundant cost. Answer, Calculation of Payback Period for Business A and Business B Business A Payback period= 4 yrs.+100,000 300,000 = 4 yrs.+0.33 = 4.33 yrs. Business B Payback period= 2 yrs.+200,000 400,000 = 2 yrs.+0.5 = 2.5 yrs. Calculation of Net Present Value for Business A and Business B Business A

Year	Inflows(A£)	Outflows(A£)	Net Cash flows(A£)	Cost of capital @ 12%	Present value(A£)
0	−	-1000000	-1000000	1	-1000000
1	200000	−	200000	0.893	178600
2	200000	−	200000	0.797	159400
3	200000	−	200000	0.712	142400
4	300000	−	300000	0.636	190800
5	300000	−	300000	0.567	170100
6	400000	−	400000	0.507	202800
				Net Present Value	44,100

Business B

Year	Inflows(A£)	Outflows(A£)	Net Cash flows(A£)	Cost of capital @ 12%	Present value(A£)
0	−	-800000	-800000	1	-800000
1	300000	−	300000	0.893	267900
2	300000	−	300000	0.797	239100
3	400000	−	400000	0.712	284800
4	−	−	−	0.636	−
5	−	−	−	0.567	−
6	−	−	−	0.507	−
				Net Present Value	8,200

Justifiable Decisions as per Payback Period Here business A, payback period is 4.33 years and business B, payback period is 2.5 years it shows whether Christine plc. devote in Business A, payback period is extended contrast among Business B. As a result I think if Christine plc. invest for the business B, company will be beneficiary rather than invest for business A. Justifiable Decisions as per Net Present Value Business A’s net present value is A£44,100.00 and business B’s net present value is A£8,200.00 it shows whether Christine plc. Invest for Business A , then net present value is too high rather than business B.As a result I think if Christine plc. invest for the business B, company will be beneficiary rather than invest for business A.

1. Select appropriate and relevant financial information for use in the process of making strategic decisions on the investment by Christie plc.

Upper level executive makes a strategic decision for investment. Because of they can extent the long term cost of such decisions. Usually a major capital venture decision such as promoting a new item for consumption, spend for new-fangled division will vary to examine make ultimate decision. In general the Christie plc. have diverse scheme for creating strategic decisions on the investment which is valuable for the organization. Also subsequent are the most important; A® Return on Capital Employed (ROE) A®Payback Period A®Discounted Cash flow (DCF)

1. Net Present Values (NPV)
2. Internal Rate of Return(IRR)

On the other hand I consider to decide on Payback Period method for Making strategic decisions on the investment portfolio of Christie plc.. The payback period is the couple of years it capture to recover the unique investment. This is a cash measure and as such it procedures the couple of years taken to regain the speculation in cash terms.

3. How would your decisions change on Business A and Business B if the net cash inflows for Business A were A£200,000 throughout the six year period and also the net cash inflows for Business B were A£300,000 throughout the three year period. The initial investment for business A is A£1,000,000 and for business B is A£800,000.

Answer, Calculation of Payback Period for Business A and Business B Business A Payback period= 4 yrs.+200,000 200,000 = 4 yrs.+0 = 4 yrs. Business B Payback period= 2 yrs.+200,000 300,000 = 2 yrs.+0.67 = 2.67 yrs. Calculation of Net Present Value for Business A and Business B Business A

Year	Inflows(A£)	Outflows(A£)	Net Cash flows(A£)	Cost of capital @ 12%	Present value(A£)
0	−	-1000000	-1000000	1	-1000000
1	200000	−	200000	0.893	178600
2	200000	−	200000	0.797	159400
3	200000	−	200000	0.712	142400
4	200000	−	200000	0.636	127200
5	200000	−	200000	0.567	113400
6	200000	−	200000	0.507	101400
				Net Present Value	177,600

Business B

Year	Inflows(A£)	Outflows(A£)	Net Cash flows(A£)	Cost of capital @ 12%	Present value(A£)
0	−	-800000	-800000	1	-800000
1	300000	−	300000	0.893	267900
2	300000	−	300000	0.797	239100
3	300000	−	300000	0.712	213600
4	−	−	−	0.636	−
5	−	−	−	0.567	−
6	−	−	−	0.507	−
				Net Present Value	79,400

Justifiable Decisions as per Payback Period Here business A, payback period is 4 years and business B, payback period is 2.67 years it shows whether Christine plc. devote in Business A, payback period is extended contrast among Business B. As a result I think if Christine plc. invest for the business B, company will be beneficiary rather than invest for business A. Justifiable Decisions as per Net Present Value For business A it’s net present value is A£1, 77,600.00 and for business B its net present value is A£79,400.00 it shows whether Christine plc. Invest for Business A , then net present value is too high rather than business B.As a result I think if Christine plc. invest for the business A, company will be beneficiary rather than invest for business B. Task-3 Tesco plc The following information has been extracted from the recently published accounts of Tesco Plc: Balance sheet as at 31st May 2008 2007 A£000 A£000 Fixed assets1,800 1,400 Current assets Stock1,200 200 Debtors 400 800 Cash100 100 1,700 1,100 Creditors: amounts falling due within one year Loans and other borrowing(200) (500) Other creditors(300) (800) (500) (1,300) Net current assets1,200 (200) Creditors: amounts falling due after one year 10% Debentures(1,000) (600) 2,000 600 Capital and reserves Ordinary share capital (50p shares)1,200 500 Share premium 600 0 Reserves200 100 2,000 600 Profit and loss accounts 2008 2007 A£000 A£000 Turnover2,000 1,000 Cost of sales(1,300) (700) Gross profit700 300 Distribution costs(260) ( 90) Administration expenses(100) ( 60) Operating profit340 150 Interest(100) (60) Profit before taxation240 90 Task-4 Taxation(50) (20) Profit after taxation190 70 Ordinary dividends(90) (50) Retained profit for the year 100 20 Balance brought forward100 80 Balance carried forward 200 100 Share price 1.301.26 Industry P/E ratio 22 20 Other industry ratios: Return on capital employed 15% Asset turnover 6 times Current ratio 2.3:1 Quick ratio 1.5:1 Interests cover 8times Required

1. Calculate the ratios for both years

1. Return on capital employed

=PBIT A—100 Capital employed For Year 2008= 340,000 A—100 2,200,000 = 34,000,000 2,200,000 = 15.45% For Year 2007 = 150,000 A—100 1,100,000 = 15,000,000 1,100,000 = 13.64% Where, Capital employed= owner’s equity+ long term liabilities For year 2008 = 1200, 000+1000, 000 = A£ 2,200,000 For year 2007 = 500,000+600,000 = A£ 1,100,000

2. Asset turnover

= Sales Capital employed For year 2008= 2000,000 2,200,000 = 0.91times For year 2007=1000, 000 1,100,000 =0.91times

3. Current ratio

=Current assets Current liabilities For year 2008=1700, 000 500,000 = 3.4:1 For year 2007= 1100,000 1300,000 = 0.85:1

4. Quick ratio

= Current assets-Stock Current liabilities For year 2008=1700, 000-1200, 000 500,000 = 500,000 500,000 = 1:1 For year 2007=1100, 000-200,000 1300,000 = 900,000 1300,000 = 0.69:1

5. Interest cover

=PBIT Interest For year 2008=340,000 100,000 =3.4 times For year 2007=150,000 60,000 =2.5 times

6. Total gearing

=Long term loans+ Preference share Capital employed For year 2008=1000, 000 + 0 22, 00,000 =0.45 For year 2007=600,000+0 11, 00,000 =0.54

7. Earnings per share (EPS)

=Profit available to ordinary shareholders Number of shares in issue For year 2008=190,000 2400,000 =0.08 For year 2007=70,000 250,000 =0.28

8. Earnings yield

=EPSA—100 MPS For year 2008=0.08A—100 1.30 =6.15% For year 2007=0.28A—100 1.26 =22.22%

9. Dividend yield

=Dividend per share A—100 Market price per share For year 2008=0.0375A—100 1.30 =2.88% For year 2007=0.2A—100 1.26 =15.87% Where, Dividend per share=Total ordinary dividend Number of shares in issue For year 2008=90,000 24, 00,000 =0.0375 For year 2007=50,000 2, 50,000 = 0.2

10. Dividend cover

=Profit available to ordinary shareholders Dividends For year 2008=190,000 90,000 = 2.11 times For year 2007=70,000 50,000 =1.4 times

11. P/E ratio

= MPPS EPS For year 2008=1.30 0.08 =16.25:1 For year 2007=1.26 0.28 =4.5:1 b) Use the ratios below to assess the financial viability of Tesco Plc. 2007 2008 industry average Gross profit percentage 23% 19.4%21% Quick ratio 1.41:1 1.83:12.1: Return on equity 19.24% 16.39%20% Return on capital employed 15%13%16% Earnings per share 20p17p 19p Debtor’s collection period 40 days 54 days 35 days Answer, Tesco Plc. gross revenue decrease in the year 2008 contrast to the year 2007 where return on equity decrease in year 2008 compare to the year 2007, come back on capital employed decrease in year 2008 comparing the year 2007, bring in per share also decrease in year 2008comparing the year 2007.Even though debtors collection period has increased in year 2008 to 6 days comparing the last year 2007.In general it shows the year 2008 is not make profit comparing the last year 2007. c) Use these ratios, how can Tesco’s performance improve? 2007 2008 industry average Gross profit percentage 23% 19.4% 21% Quick ratio 1.41:1 1.83:1 2.1: Return on equity 19.24%16.39% 20% Return on capital employed15% 13% 16% Earnings per share 20p 17p 19p Debtors’ collection period 40 days 54 days 35 days Answer, Develop the commerce performance of Tesco have to exploit diverse policy for make organization revenue. They must reduce the debtors’ compilation time, aim to discover reduce the costs, and hit upon the technique to develop the excellence with production. d) How would you use the balanced scorecard by Kaplan and Norton to assess the performance of Tesco Plc? Executing the Balanced Scorecards habitually contains the four procedures:

1. Interpreting the vision into set the operational objectives;
2. Corresponding the vision along with connect on the way to individual portion;
3. Production development; directory ambiance
4. Feedback, also regulating the policy consequently.

The Balanced Scorecard is a structure of strategic planning and commences methods that are utilized in a business, government and non profit association whole over the world support the trade conduct into the vision, mission and strategy of the company; develop inner and outer communiquA© and supervising the execution aligned with organizational achievement. According to Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton, The Balanced Scorecard is a performance related measurement framework to manager that gives them a scale to review the organisational performance. Fig. - Adapted from The Balanced Scorecard by Kaplan & Norton. In my opinion Tesco Plc must have to follow the Norton and Kaplan’s Balanced scorecard to procedure their business by gathering organisational goal. 1

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