1) The matter at issue include: (a) direct effect of European Community (EC) regulations; (b) direct effect of EC directives; and (b) the principle of state liability. (a) Direct Effect of Regulations Article 249 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (TEC) state: ‘…a regulation shall have general application. It shall be binding in its […]
‘It is inappropriate for courts to seek to take account of considerations of distributive justice in their decisions in tort such factors are ones for the legislature alone.’ Critically evaluate this statement. In order to evaluate whether or not it is appropriate for the courts to take account of considerations of distributive justice in tort, […]
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Get help with your assignmentThe criminal law on omissions is confusing and does not fit easily with the requirement that both actus reus and mens rea must be present to establish a criminal offence. This area of law is in need of reform. Discuss with reference to the relevant law. A fundamental principle of the criminal law is that […]
Constitutional law in the UK is a varied and interesting topic, largely because of the peculiarities of the UK constitutional system. This essay will consider the issues surrounding constitutions, their definition, purpose and specifically whether the UK can be considered to have a constitution. There are several versions of the definition of ‘constitution’ in a […]
Contract law problem question – Posh Posters (2500 words) This scenario relates to two companies, Pretty Paintings Limited (“Paintings”), and Posh Posters Limited (“Posters”), who are engaged in the poster trade. They have entered into commercial relations with one another in respect of some stock, namely 1000 posters, which Paintings has offered to sell to […]
109528 Formerly known as a Community Service Order introduced by the Criminal Justice Act 1972, a community punishment order [1] is now regulated by the Powers of Criminal Courts Act of 2000. The aims of a community punishment order is solely to reform the offender whilst he/she remains in the community, allow an opportunity to […]
“The jury system is often described as “the jewel in the Crown” or “the corner-stone” of the British criminal justice system. It is a hallowed institution which, because of its ancient origin and involvement of 12 randomly selected lay people in the criminal process, commands much public confidence.” – Lord Justice Auld (1999) Review of […]
Rights-based struggles have proved counterproductive in contexts of sexuality. The importance of rights, and more specifically, civil liberties, can be seen as the legal and political expression of our society. Philosophical notions of autonomy, self-fulfilment, and self expression, in terms of sexuality, have made privacy interests relevant to freedom of action and lifestyle, not merely […]
Beef Ban A progressive or regressive move… If people let the government decide what foods they eat and what medicines they take, their bodies will soon be in as sorry a state as are the souls of those who live under tyranny. Thomas Jefferson, 1781 The rekindled controversy about the beef ban legislation in the […]
CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION: A PROBABLE SOLUTION TO ISSUES IN GLOBAL LEGAL EDUCATION “…the rigid demarcation between the ‘academic’ and vocational’ stages needs to disappear; what is required is a new partnership between the universities and the professional bodies at all stages of legal education and training.” (ACLEC, 1996) Introduction Education is not simply about training […]
Are we really all equal? Human beings are different in every way we could think of. We are made to be different, think different and see the world in a different way. The Oxford dictionary (2015) defines Equal as “a person that is the same as another in status or quality”. Before 1994 Apartheid […]
Reading Analysis of “Where Have All the Criminals Gone?” Student Name Course Name Professor Name Date Introduction From the book “Freakonomics” the authors Levitt and Dubner in Chapter “Where Have All the Criminals gone?” talk about the connection amid diverse intervals and their impact on America’s crime rates levels from the 1990’s. The authors states […]
Introduction In this assignment, I will be working for an organisation called smallbusiness.co.uk, this is a consultancy that offers beneficial information for small business owners. The organisation offers free legal advice online to help them start up their business. I will be helping people by replying to each enquiry, I will do this by explaining […]
199903 As stated in the preamble to the Act, the purpose of the Animals Act 1971 is to make provision with respect to civil liability for damage done by animals and with respect to protection of livestock from dogs; and for purposes connected with those matters. This paper compares and contrasts an action under section […]
International court of justice History: The present history of global adjudication is, though, generally known as seeing from the alleged Jay Treaty of 1794 among the USA and Great Britain. This Treaty of Amity, Navigation and Commerce delivered for the formation of three assorted directives, consisted of American and British citizens in equal figures, whose […]
Part A 1A (Setting the business as a private limited company) The process of incorpartion: Tosetup a limited company, you must have to do it register as an incorporate. To make an application to the Registrar of Companies which requires complettation of some constititunal documents. Application will be reviewd by Regisrar of Company. Certificate of […]
EQUITY & TRUSTS ASSIGNMENT 2014/ 2014 ‘’Legal rules allow the holders of legal right and powers to exercise them in the confidence that they are entitled to do so. The Function of equity is to restrain or restrict the exercise of Legal rights and powers in particulars cases, Whenever it would be unconscionable for them […]
One of the most important factors in decision making process is information from various sources. Financial Information play a vital role in the process of decision making and help management to make a perfect strategic business plan for the organization to achieve its goal. However, most financial informant comes from the financial statement of the […]
Arbitrage opportunity arises if an investor can construct a zero investment portfolio with a zero profit, in other words, ability to make profit without any risk. Arbitrage Pricing Theory based on three main propositions. First, Security returns can be described by a factor model. Second, idiosyncratic risk can be diversified away. Third, Arbitrage opportunities are […]
Since the 1970s, world business transactions have experienced and contributed to diverse sources of financial uncertainty or risk (see, Dowd, 2005; Holton, 2003; Jorion, 2006; Tardivo, 2002a). Financial risk or risk created through financial transactions can be associated with value reduction. This reduction is due to market factors disequilibrium such as equity prices devaluation, interest […]
A value is a belief, a mission, or a philosophy that is really meaningful to the company. Every company has one or more values, whether they are consciously aware of it or not. Another way of saying it is that a value is a statement of the company’s intention and commitment to achieve a high […]
Introduction The argument for this article is focus on maximizing firm’s value to society through firm’s ethical business decisions which require incorporate with the three forms of justice; economic justice, legal justice and distribute justice, in its business decision in order to protect stakeholders’ alienable and inalienable rights (indebtedness) and wealth maximization with minimum social […]
An understanding of effective cash flow statement and its further management is vital tool for the long term survival of an entity`s cash flows. It is also a key factor in planning and in the competent performance of all aspects of operations. The phrase revenue is “sanity”, profit is “vanity” but “cash is king” is […]
The average investor will tell you that he or she invests for one reason and one reason only: to make a profit. No investor ever invests their money with the goal of making a loss. In fact, profitable earnings (also known as dividends) are usually one of the biggest factors that influence an investor’s decision […]
Introduction Bonuses are used as an inducement to encourage employees to work harder. If a company performs well this year, it will have the ability to grant bonuses to its employees to boost the morale and the competitive drive of the employees. Many companies also give high bonuses to attract and retain talented employees. This […]
“Credit control is the process of control over payments coming into and going out of the firm. It is mainly concerned with the firm’s and the firm’s debtors. Tight credit control is important if a firm wants to avoid cash flow problems” (Garrison, Ray. H., et al : 2009). According to(Kaplan, Robert. S., Bruns. W, […]
Investor behavior is one of the subjects that have been analyze aggressively through theoretical studies and empirical studies; which delivers different results from both point of view. Investor behavior study can be analysis made on demographics and psychographics of investors considering their age, gender, income group and other facts that influence investor decision making on […]
My opinion is that the shareholder wealth maximization should be a superior objective over stakeholder interest because that is a common trend of firm’s development in a comparative market. However, in the reality companies do not just focus on the shareholders. To understand and make it clearer, we should pay attention to several definitions of […]
Introduction Onion is the common name given to plants in the genus Allium. It is very widely used around the world for different purposes by almost all people. Even in India it is used by people from almost all parts of the country for making different kinds of food. In a country as diverse as […]
In current practice, managers use DCF (discounted cash flow) and Traditional method analysis to estimate the investment in financial terms. In DCF method considers the time value of money in which reduces the time value of money progressively and it consist with NPV (Net Present Value) approach and IRR (Internal Rate of Return method). This […]
