Liability for Theft

? ? ? ????? ? ???????, ????? ??????? ????????, ??? ??????? ? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?????????????? ??????? 9 (1) (?) ?????? ? ??????? 1968 ?. [1], ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????, ??????????????, ? ????????? , ???????. ??????? – ??? ??????, ? ?? ??????????? ? ??? ?????????, ??? A ? B ????? ? ????, ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ????????????. ??????????????? ???????????, ???????????????? ??????????, ??????????? ? ???????? ????????, ? ?? ? ?????, ??????????? ?????, ? ????, ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????, ???????? ????????????. [2] ??????????????, ??? ?????? ? ???????? ? ? ? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, ?????????????? ??????? 9 (1) (b), ????????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ??????????? (??? ??????????? ????) ? ????????? ?????. ????? – ??? ????????? ?????????? ?????????, ?????????????? ???????, ? ?????????? ???????? ??????. [3] ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? , ?????????????? ? ??????? , ? ??????????????? ?????????????? ? (?????????????) ??????? , ????????????? ? ????????. ???????????? – ??? ????????????? ? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ?? ??????-???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????. [4] A ? B ???????????? ????? ?????????, ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ? ?????, ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???????????? actus reus ?????????. ?? ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????, ????? ???????, ????????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????, – ??? ???????????. ?????? 2 ???????????????, ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????????. [5] ???? ? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ????????, ??????? ???? [6] ? ???? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????????. [7] ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ??????????, ? ?? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ?????????????. ????? ????, ??? ??????????, ????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????, ??? ?? ????????? ????????. ??????? ?????????????????? ? ? ? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????????, ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? ?????, ? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ????????. ???? A ? B ????????????? ? ????, ???????????? ??????, ????????? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ?????????? «????? ??????» [9] ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????. [10] ?????? ??? ??????? ???, ????? ???????? ???????????, ? ?? ????????, ????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? GBH, ?????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????. A ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?, ?????????????, ?????? 9 (1) (b) ?????? ? ????????? ???????. ??? ?????????????, ????????????? ????????, ? ? ???????? ??, ???????? ??. ?????? ?????, ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????, ???? ???. ??????, ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???; ???? ???, ?? ??? ????? ????????? ? ????????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ? ??? ???????????? ????????, ? ?????????? ???, ??????? ??????? ?. ??? ??????? ? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ? ???????? ? ?? ????? ? ?????????? ??????. B ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????????, ????? ???????, ????? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????????, ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? [11] ??? ??????? / GBH ? ??????????? ?? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ?????????. [12] ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????, ? ?? ???????????, ???????? ????????????, ??? ???????? ? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ????????? B ????? ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ? ?????? GBH. [13] ?????????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ABH, ??????, ????? ???????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????. [14] ?????? ???????????? ?????? 47 ??????????????? ??????? , ??????????? ? ????????? ????? ? , ??? ????????? , ?????? ????????. REA ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ?????? [15] , ? ????????? , ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? , ????????????? , ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? 47 ???????????????. ????? ????????, B ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??????. [16] ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ????? ???????, ???? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????, ??????? ????, ???????????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ?????, ????? ??????????. ??????????????, ???? B ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ? ?????????, ????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ?? ??????. [17] ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????????, ??? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? 47 ? ?????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? B. B ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????????; ??, ??? ?????????? ? ?????? ?????, ????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???, ???? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ?????. [18] ? ? ? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????, ????? ???????, ? ????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?? ???????, ??? ??? ???????? ? ??????? ? ??? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?????-???? ??????. ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????????????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ???????????, ?? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ??????????????? ? ????? ???????? ?? ????, ?????????? ?? ???, ??? B ?????????????? ? ???????, ????????, ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????? B ??? ??????. [19] ? ??????????, ? ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ?? ?? ???????????? ?????????, ? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????, ???? ????????? ? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. B ????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????, ? ????? ????????? ?? ????????? ? ??????????. ?????????? ????: 1000 ???? ?????? ??? DPP v. Gomez [1993] AC 442 R v. Ghosh [1982] QB 1053 R v. Hale (1978) 68 Cr App R 415 R v. Holden [1991] Crim LR 478 R v. Jones and Smith [1976] 3 ??? ER 54 R v. Powell ; R v. English [1997] 3 WLR 959 R v. Robinson [1977] Crim LR 173 R v. Savage [1992] 1 AC 699 R v. Uddin [1999] Crim LR 987 R v. Walkington [1979] 2 ??? ER 716 T v. DPP [2003] Crim LR 622 ???????????? Allen, M., (2003) ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? , 7- ? ???., ???????: Oxford University Press Clarkson, CMV and Keating, HM, (2003) ????????? ?????: ????? ? ????????? , 5- ? ???., ??????: Sweet & Maxwell Herring, J., (2004) ????????? ?????: ?????, ???? ? ????????? , ???????: Oxford University Press Padfield, N., (2004) Criminal Law, 4th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Law Press Smith, J.C., (2005) The Law of Theft, 8th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press 1

Footnotes

[1] All statutory references are to the Theft Act 1968 unless otherwise stated. [2] R v. Jones and Smith [1976] 3 All ER 54. [3] Section 1(1) Theft Act 1968. [4] DPP v. Gomez [1993] AC 442. [5] Section 2(1)(a) Theft Act 1968. [6] R v. Holden [1991] Crim LR 478 [7] R v. Robinson [1977] Crim LR 173 [8] R v. Ghosh [1982] QB 1053 [9] R v. Walkington [1979] 2 All ER 716 [10] Sections 9(1)(a) and 9(1)(b) Theft Act 1968 [11] Section 47 Offences against the Person Act 1861 [12] Section 20 Offences against the Person Act 1861 [13] Section 9(1)(b) Theft Act 1968 [14] T v. DPP [2003] Crim LR 622 [15] R v. Savage [1992] 1 AC 699 [16] Section 9 Theft Act 1968 [17] R v. Hale (1978) 68 Cr App R 415 [18] R v. Powell; R v. English [1997] 3 WLR 959 [19] R v. Uddin [1999] Crim LR 987