A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Global Warming

In Shakespeare's play Midsummer Night's Dream, Titania's great speech These are the forgeries of jealousy; touches lightly upon the effects her argument with Oberon affected the world around them. In a short few moments they caused massive destruction. Her speech quickly opened my eyes to the destruction we as humans have caused in our short stay on this Earth.Although A Midsummer Night's Dream and global warming are different they both touch upon similar topics.

Titanias great speech unravels a world crumbling because an interdependent ecosystem has been disrupted.According to Ecology and Environment by European Drama by Downing Cless, Titanias speech provokes associations of severe weather induced by climate change, massive species, extinction and ecological devestation such as rainforest destruction.

These are the forgeries of jealousy;

And never, since the middle summer's spring,

Met we on hill, in dale, forest, or mead,

By pavd fountain or by rusty brook,

Or in the beach??d margent of the sea,

To dance our ringlets to the whistling wind,

But with thy brawls thou hast disturbed our sport.

Therefore the winds, piping to us in vain,

As in revenge have sucked up from the sea

Contagious fogs, which, falling in the land,

Hath every pelting river made so proud

That they have overborne their continents.

The ox hath therefore stretched his yoke in vain,

The plowman lost his sweat and the green corn

Hath rotted ere his youth attained a beard

The food stands empty in the drown??d field,

And crows are fatted with the murrain flock.

The nine-men's-morris is filled up with mud,

And the quaint mazes in the wanton green,

For the lack of tread, are indistinguishable.

The human mortals want their winter here.

No night is now with hymn or carol blessed.

Therefore the moon, the governess of floods,

Pale in her anger, washes all the air,

That rheumatic diseases do abound.

And thorough this distemperature we see

The seasons alter: hoary-headed frosts

Fall in the fresh lap of the crimson rose,

And on old Hiems' thin and icy crown

An odorous chapter of sweet summer buds

Is, as in mockery, set. The spring, the summer,

The childing atumun, angry winter, change

Their wonted liveries, and the maz??d world

By their invrease now knows not which is which.

And this same progeny of evils comes

From our debate, from our dissension;

We are their parents and original.

Titanias great speech is a huge eye opener for global warming. Shakespeare uses imagery to depict their world. Because of the tension between Oberon and Titania their emotions have influenced their control of the weather. Titania argues that their fighting has caused overflowing of rivers are on every continent, thus, the floods have ruined crops farmers put hard work into, livestock has starved because their is lack of food allowing the crows to become fat from eating off of their dead bodies, diseases have plagued the air, frosts are forming in the spring time at the same time flowers are blooming, the seasons are not changing properly causing confusion in the world. She states they are the reason for the destruction of the world because of a petty argument.Similarly, in our world humans are the root cause of massive destruction.

Global warming is a serious environmental issue and it is real. According to Dictionary, global warming is defined as a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.Global warming causes health problems, animal migration, and the lack of food resources. Extreme heat and droughts in diverse regions of our planet have become problematic. The increase of precipitation has lead to floods of rivers and oceans. Global warming creates more natural disasters. Extreme weather events will continue to occur with greater intensity. So, we will experience significant changes in seasonal temperature variations.

Even though Titania knows the destruction they have caused and I know the destruction humans have caused their are still many who do not believe in global warming. According to The Verge by Alessandra Potenza, More than half of Americans seem to think that global warming won't affect them personally. Including, our very own President of the United States Donald Trump. Why do they think this? Evidence is everywhere that global warming is real. Some examples that prove global warming is real Arctic sea ice and glaciers are melting, deforestation, Wildfires have increased including the most recent 2018 California wildfire. It was the most destructive and most deadly fire to have ever occurred burning an area of 1,890,438 acres according to Wikipedia, hurricanes have also have begun to pop up more often, Man made chemicals deplete our ozone layer such as Chlorofluorocarbons (aerosol spray cans), carbon dioxide,the burning of fossil fuels, air pollution all over the world caused by mass transportation, extinction of wildlife and plants, droughts, floodings and there is so much more. So why don't they realize that it is man-made and we can still do something about it if the other half of Americans who do not believe, believe we can. It is not a fairytale unfourtanetlt and global warming will have a profound affect on the rest of our lives, it will not reverse it self. We have to be the change to this world and it has to be now.

We can save our Earth by, eliminating factors caused by humans and stop global warming. According to the NRDC, you should power your home with renewable energy, consume less,invest in energy efficient appliances, drive a fuel efficient vehicle, Go solar(this reduces your use of fossil fuels), and most importantly reduce and reuse. These may seem like small things to do but they sure will help In the long run when the government won't help resolve our issues.

Even though in Midsummer Night's Dream destruction was caused by overwhelming emotions and not just humans being humans, titanias beautiful speech opened my eyes further to doing something better for our world. Like it or not we are the problem and we have to finally clean up our messes.

In conclusion, Titanias major challenge was her argument with her husband Oberon and their overwhelming feelings affecting the weather and our major challenge is the ongoing affects global warming is causing in our world. Though global warming was evident in Midsummer Nights Dream and our real world, hopefully one day our fellow citizens will wake up and realize the mass destruction we cause in our environment.

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How does Social Media Affect Political Participation of Millennials

Social media plays a distinguished role in today's society, especially the lives of Millennials. The majority of Millennials use some form of social media sites and with the amount of political content on these various sites, it can influence viewers opinions more especially during election time. This generation group is a large group of adults that will have a significant impact on the political landscape in the near future. Since Millennials will comprise a large portion of voters in the upcoming elections, their political participation, or the lack of, will impact the outcome of the elections. There are several pros using social media as an outlet to receive political updates. Political candidates are able to interact directly with the public which allows people not to just be voters but active participants as well. Millennials constantly have their phones in their hands allowing them to get the latest information on social media. Although social media may be an outlet for people to receive political information, social media is highly used for slander and information is distorted by inaccurate and misleading facts. If social media is used correctly, there can be a positive effect on the political participation of millennial's in the age of technology.

Social media is defined as "computer intermediated tools that allow people or companies to create, share, or exchange information, career interests, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual groups and networks" (Wikipedia.org). Social media has turned into a rising and prevalent resource today. It is the most utilized and reasonable method for correspondence among the Millennial in today's age of technology. As stated by Boyd and Ellison, Social Networking Sites are continuously attracting academic and numerous other industries research due to their ability to reach the public and affordability. In this way, social media is considered as one of the most successful learning gadgets which enhances relational abilities and information. Kaur and Kaur analyzed the use of social media and how it impacts people and concluded that that social media sites are found to act as a major social influence which impacts the personal lives of the users. The development and prominence of social media have made it simple for an individual to communicate with close friends or even a complete stranger. So, one can extend their social circle of friends with the use of social media.

The Millennial generation is also known as Generation Y or the generation that follows directly after Generation X. Generation Y consists of people born during 1980 and 2000. In simpler words, the people within this generation are within the age group of 18-34 years. This population is also known as the Net Generation because they have grown up with a majority of the technological advancements (Kavitha and Bhuvaneswari). According to the Harris Poll, a survey organized to indicate the usage of social media by age groups, Millennials have the most social media usage out of all of the age groups. This study indicates that sixty percent of social media usage is done by Millennials. Millennials use technology to collect data, share information and communicate with each other. Today, these new technologies help to provide flexibility in collaborative learning, stimulate creative ideas, and increase interpersonal relationships of the millennials. This approach is engaging with young people as a platform and space for activities has created a positive and negative effect (Kavitha and Bhuvaneswari). Social media has become one of the most efficient mediums for the transfer of information and knowledge across the world.

Online media, which includes Internet news, blogs, and social media networking sites, are transforming the relationship between the media and citizens. The instantaneous availability of information through smartphones enhance changes in the political debate. Although social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter are not necessarily created to spread political news, they have the potential to do so. Twitter and Facebook have become instrumental in organizing campaigns. They allow voters and activists to easily share news and information such as campaign events with each other. During the 2016 Presidential campaign, Donald Trump used social media, specifically Twitter, heavily because he said it helps get his point of view out there and which is probably the main reason why he won the presidency. Political campaigns can tap into a depth of information or analytics about the people who are following them on social media and can customize their messages based on the demographics.

More than one-third of the population has a Facebook page, however, fewer than ten percent of Americans said they often followed Facebook recommendations for news. According to Winograd and Hais (2009), Millennials are also particularly adept in the use of peer-to-peer communication technologies such as Facebook, which will increasingly be used to inform and shape public opinion (p. 86). According to the American Press Institute (2015), 88 percent of Millennials get some form of news from Facebook. While this number may be encouraging, it is deceiving because less than half of Facebook-using Millennials are intentionally looking for news on the social media site (American Press Institute, 2015, para. 15). Many politicians have increasingly realized the increasing growth in the use of Facebook and took it as an opportunity to reach citizens and engage with them in the political process. Many national leaders have also turned to Twitter to reach out to supporters and raise money for their political campaigns. During his presidential candidacy, Barack Obama had his own Twitter feeds which he used for presidential and campaign purposes. Average citizens have used Twitter to spread the news. Users tweet during political rallies and used special hashtags to comment on issues such as healthcare, education, unemployment etc. Twitter is used less by Millennials, but according to Duggan (2015), 23 percent of Millennials use the platform daily for personal interests. Twitter is used more for status updates so Twitter users may be actively seeking news, compared to Facebook users. YouTube is another site that is heavily used by Millennials. The American Press Institute (2015) reports that 83 percent of Millennials use YouTube to receive news (para. 7). YouTube recently started airing political debates and also has the debates available after they are aired. Former President Barack Obama had an online town hall meeting using YouTube where he answered questions on the economy, national security etc. Seeing that the majority of Millennials use YouTube, it is a potential political news source for them and may influence their political behavior.

According to Fry (2015), there are nearly 75 million Millennials, ages 18-34, out of the roughly 322 million people in the United. Excluding the 23 percent of U.S. residents under the age of 18, there are 248 million people of voting age in the country. That means Millennials make up almost one-third of voting-aged citizens. Despite a large number of voting-age Millennials, they may not participate in informal political processes, such as voting, at rates that older generations do. According to the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), Millennials made up 19 percent of all voters in the 2012 primary election, with about half of all Millennials turning out to vote. Millennials did have a significant impact on that election, but the turnout in the 2012 election was less than the 2008 election which shows that Millennials overwhelmingly favored Obama. This proves that unless Millennials have a candidate that they support, it is possible they may not turn out to vote at all.

Winograd and Hais (2009) state that the Millennial Generation is larger and more ethnically diverse, as well as more technologically proficient than any generation before (p. 45).

The popularity and widespread use of Facebook and Twitter are of interest in relation to the question "how to do of Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube influence Millennials' political behavior" because it shows the significance of social media in Millennials' daily lives. Millennials may participate in political communications or activities on social media, but the same cannot be said about their participation in formal political processes. Vivaldi (2010) writes, "There is significant disagreement in both academic and popular writing about the degrees of (dis)engagement among young adults in the U.SSome scholars holdthat there is a pervasive, and perhaps even unprecedented, culture of political apathy among young adults in the U.S.," (p. 372). It appears that this political apathy among Millennials may still exist. Little (2009) explains that in a study, 76 percent of young people think politics are important, but only 24 percent said they had actually had an interest in them. (p. 120). He also explains that 41 percent of those surveyed did not know the difference between left and right wing politics (Little, 2009, p. 120). While this study was conducted with youth in the U.K., it is still important because it shows that political apathy is prominent amongst young people in places all over the world. The prominence of social media sites has made them an influencer in the media world. Fresno Garcia et al. (2016) explain that social media is an independent actor that has the ability to shape audience attitudes at the same level of professional, or traditional media (p. 23). Through a social media analysis, Fresno Garcia et al. (2016) identify three types of social media influencer: disseminator, engager and leader (p. 23). An influencer, who could be a politician and opinion leader, could have a substantial effect on a Millennial voter through a social media site. In other words, social media may influence Millennials more than traditional forms of media. What makes Millennials so connected to social media sites like Facebook and Twitter is their connection to technology in general. Miller (2013) states that Millennials demand constant access to technology and are able to maintain multiple technological activities at once (para. 8). This results in a constant flow of information, and a desire for more (Miller, 2013, para. 8).

While there may be a wealth of information on the internet, Miller (2013) explains that this may create a divide between Millennials and political information that is accurate and inaccurate (para. 12). The massive amount of information Millennials have access to may be a negative influence as it could limit their ability to distinguish between valid content and self-broadcasted content, meaning the information may not be true. Some argue that social media is full of fake viral news and it seems less important to know where the source derived from. Although they may have access to a great amount of information, they may not choose to consume political information, leaving them ignorant when it comes to many political matters. Botterill and Dun (2015) concur with Miller's assessment; according to their research, Millennials use social media predominantly for entertainment or socializing (p. 537). Their research points to the notion that Millennials do not look to social media for political information. However, recently that may be changing, as there is an increasing amount of political content on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. It seems that Millennials tend to focus less on traditional media. Mindich (2005) explains that this decline in traditional media consumption has produced a generation of adults who barely have an outline of what they need to make an informed decision when voting (p. 9). Political messages communicated through social media often do not contain adequate information to inform a potential voter. Many times, they are shared from an opinionated or illegitimate news source. This shift from traditional media to new media leaves Millennials at a disadvantage when it comes to receiving political communication and therefore has an impact on their political behavior. Millennials' political participation can vary greatly. Gilman and Stokes (2014) explain that in the 2008 presidential election, Obama captured 66 percent of Millennial voters (which was similar to the 2012 election), and was a dramatic increase compared to past elections (p.58). While this was an increase in political activity for Millennials, Gilman, and Stokes state that this is not the new norm. They explain that Millennials are a pragmatic generation, which undermines a long-term allegiance to one political party (p.58). In other words, Millennials may be more focused on results and care less about which party will provide results. Gilman and Stokes (2014) write, "Millennials are not eschewing politics as much as they do not see politics as a viable option for achieving the outcomes they believe are important. Beyond voting, other traditional forms of civic engagementhave also decreased for Millennials" (p. 58). This has led Millennials to find more accessible ways to participate in communities and in the world”one of those ways is through social media. Almost half of Millennials who use social networking sites use social media to "like" or promote political material, 42 percent to post thoughts on issues, and 36 percent to encourage others to act (Gilman & Stokes, 2014, p. 58). While this is not formal political activity, it may be the preferred way. Millennials choose to be politically "active." The question that experts are now asking is, does the activity on social media translate to real actions in the world? Vatikiotis (2014) states that the advent of social media has revived the discussion on media engagement and participation of citizens (p. 293). He points to research that shows that social media encourages the public to engage in political discussion, but that these discussions lack the analytical and critical value that traditional media has (Vatikiotis, 2014, p. 298). A tweet or Facebook post is weak online political activism and has little or no political impact.

A common theme that Millennials have self-identified is that they are tech savvy (Gagnier, 2008, p. 33). Other characteristics Millennials identified are that they are educated, open-minded, and involved. In Gagnier's study, Millennial participants were then asked how their characteristics position them to address 11 important political problems. While there was a difference in opinion, Gagnier goes on to say that at a summit held for Millennial research revealed that Millennials believe they are uniquely positioned to handle political issues (p. 33). Gagnier noted that these self-identified characteristics enabled the millennial generation to "bring attention to issues," "bring diverse solutions," and allow the generation to "network, make connections faster, and break down barriers," (Gagnier, 2008, p. 33). The Millennial participants in at this summit wrote the statement "We, the Millennial Generation, are uniquely positioned to call attention to today's issues and shape the future based on the great legacy we have inherited," (Gagnier, 2008, p. 33). Despite the positive attitude of Millennials, they may not be educated on political topics because the information they receive through social media may be inaccurate.

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Research in Bipolar Disorder

Contents

Etiology
Prevalence Rates
DSM Diagnostic Criteria
Functional Impairment
Treatment
Conclusion

The topic that I found most interesting was Bipolar Disorder. I found this topic so interesting because I have always wanted to know how people could get it, was it genetic, does it run in the family, what are some symptoms that you should look for, is it treatable, and if so what would the person have to take to control their disorder. I also found it interesting because some people have told me that they think I have bipolar disorder because of how I act about certain things that happens in my life. After, watching several of my favorite medical shows and seeing how the doctors would diagnose people they thought had a disorder because of how the person was acting and showing symptoms of certain disorders. Made me puzzled about all the disorders that they have for Bipolar Disorder. After doing my research I found out that there are different kinds of Bipolar Disorder you have Bipolar l Disorder, Bipolar ll Disorder, and Cyclothymia. I will be discussing all the different types of disorder, what you should look for, and if they are treatable.

Etiology

Having Bipolar Disorder is questionable because no one really knows the cause of it. Some people think it can be from chemistry in the brain which can change or have imbalance in the brain which causes behaviors during mania and depression. Bipolar disorder are shifts in mood swings it can change everyday activities and change the levels of people energy. It is mainly diagnosed in young adulthood. Having this disorder can affect the nationality, ethnic origin, socioeconomic, and it is also a leading cause of disability for young people. It can result in functional and cognitive impairment and can cause a reduction in quality of life.Bipolar l disorder can run in family it is the strongest risk factor of somebody having bipolar. Bipolar ll disorder is the highest among family members and can be a genetic onset when it comes to age. A person who has cyclothymic disorder could get it from a first-degree biological relative. Family members that are close to a person with bipolar disorder are 10 times more likely to get the disorder or have depression. If, a parent has bipolar their child is less likely to have the same disorder. People who have been through a disturbing event or been stressful in their life could have mood swings which is a symptom of bipolar disorder. Drug and alcohol abuse is another cause because people who been diagnosed with bipolar have history of substance abuse. Alcohol and drugs is a self- medication for them to cope through it. Bipolar disorder can also be referred to as mania or hypomania. Mania is in people who have Bipolar l Disorder and it can be describe as somebody is hyper or even feeling extremely excited about something. Having mania could make a person irritability, distracted, very confidence, and the person might experience racing thoughts and impulses, being restless, and taking part in pleasure such as impulsive sex and risky business investments. A person with mania can have gambling problems or even love to shop which could cause a negative long-term consequence with this type of disorder. Hypomania is a little calmer than mania because with hypomania you will experience higher than normal energy levels, and it can cause problems in your life but not so much as mania does to people. Some people who have Bipolar ll Disorder could experience hypomania. The symptoms for this disorder is the same as mania but different in some kind of ways like not being happy to others and feeling energetic and productive. There is also depression which has symptoms like feeling worried or empty, loss of interest like sex, tired, and changing in eating, sleeping, and other activities that the person would like to do.

Prevalence Rates

Bipolar has been consistent across diverse cultures and ethnic groups with prevalence rates of 0.6% in bipolar l disorder, 0.4% in bipolar ll disorder, 1.4% in sub-threshold bipolar disorder, 2.4% in bipolar disorder spectrum. It is with difficulty for low-income countries to access patients with mental health because of their systems. With this is makes it hard to keep the disorder manageable. Having bipolar l disorder it can equally affect men and women, but with bipolar ll disorder it is mostly common in women. Women with bipolar l can have lifetime eating disorder, depressive symptoms, and have an alcohol use than men do. Since, bipolar ll is common in women it is that way because when women have childbirth it can cause a hypomanic episode. Which can cause an early postpartum period and postpartum hypomania can overshadow depression because of high risk it is. Typically, with this kind of disorder it can start in early childhood in ages 15 and 25. Men usually can develop it early and become ill between the ages of 16 and 25. Women can develop bipolar symptoms in ages 25 and 30. Men that is 18 and women that is 25 is the average age of onset. People that is under 10 years old and over 40 years old can have an onset of bipolar disorder. It equally affects people of all race, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.

DSM Diagnostic Criteria

Before you can get diagnose with any disorder you would have to go see your doctor or a practitioner and after your doctor have sen you or you told them your concerns. They would refer you to a psychiatrist who will put you on medication or give you psychotherapy. Bipolar has different kinds of disorders that doctors can diagnose you for, and some of them have the same symptoms, and some do not. Sometimes, it could take up to 10 years before a patient gets its accurate of the kind of disorder that they have. Bipolar l represents manic depressive and to have this you would have to have a major depressive episode. For somebody to be diagnose with this kind of disorder they would have to show symptoms like being expansive or have irritable mood swings, and increase in activity and energy for at least one week. During this time the person would have to show three of more symptoms which could be decrease need in sleep, more talkative than usual, distracted, or inflated self-esteem. Having mood swings in a manic episode it could last for an hour or even days. It could cause impairment in social and occupational function also might have to be hospitalized, so they would not harm them self or others. Hypomania and major depressive are common in bipolar l but is not required for diagnostic. Children feelings are normal but if their development is beyond the level of the child, and their mood changes in time then they could meet the criteria for mania. To have bipolar ll you would have to have at least one episode of major depression and one hypomanic episode. In order to, be diagnose you would have the same symptoms as mania and have at least three of symptoms that last at least for four day. This does not cause impairment in social or occupational functioning. It is very challenging to give a child this kind of diagnose the only way you could do this is if the child symptoms have exceed in the child's environment and culture development stage.

For major depressive you would have to have five symptoms that last for two weeks and these symptoms could be depressed mood, loss of interest, pleasure, weight loss, insomnia, and fatigue. These symptoms could cause distress and impairment in social and occupational functioning. Adults who experience two years of hypomanic and depressive will be diagnose with cyclothymic disorder. This will happen if they do not meet the criteria for mania, hypomania, or major depression. After the two year period hypomanic and depressive have been present for half the time and there has not been no symptoms for at least two months. These symptoms cause distress and impairments in social and occupational functioning.

Functional Impairment

Patients with Bipolar l can start having long conversations with strangers in public and can think they are in a relationship with a celebrity. Since these people get little to no sleep at all they would not go to sleep and can stay up for days without no sleep. They think that they do not need no sleep because their body is rested and have energy to keep going. Patients may also start pacing back and forth and hold multiple conversations with other people.There are some consequences like having low levels of education compare to other people and they perform poorly than healthy individuals on cognitive test. It can also affect illegal activities, loss of employment, and financial losses. These patients can have a gambling or shopping problem which can cause a long-term negative consequence. For Bipolar ll patients there are no impairments because they all come from major depressive episodes and patterns in the mood. It can cause longtime consequences such as increase rates of panic disorder and lifetime history of alcohol disorder.When it comes to suicide for bipolar there is a 1 in 5 people with bipolar who will complete suicide. Suicide is higher in patients that have bipolar ll than patients that have bipolar l. Suicide is very common in bipolar disorder 30% of individuals with bipolar will attempt suicide throughout their lives but only 20% will succeed in it. If patients get treatment for bipolar the rate of suicide would decrease by a lot. Even though violence is not apart of a symptom in bipolar people still want to harm themselves and instead of being violent in public with others. When you look at the news or the media and you see people doing harmful things they always want to assume that they person has a disorder and they could never be the case. The person might actually just want to be left alone, but they will not be violent to the other people. A person with alcohol and drug abuse could be more at risk to be violent to others if they do not get treated for it.

Treatment

To control or treat bipolar their are medications that you can take like a mood stabilizer which helps control mania. You might have to take one or more medicines until your doctor knows which one is best for you. Then you have anti-psychotic which treats the symptoms. There is also therapy that your doctor might recommend that you do. You have the cognitive behavioral therapy that can change harmful or negative thought pattern. Family-focus therapy that helps give family coping strategies to help their love ones. Another one is Interpersonal and Social rhythm therapy that helps improve relationships with others and manage daily routines. You also want to make sure that you have people who can support and be there for you while you go through this process. People can also do exercise and other activities to help manage their disorder. If medication and therapy do not work or if a patient has severe depression or suicidal thoughts they would have to do an electroconvulsive therapy. Treatment for either mania or hypomania could be psychotherapy or getting medication from your doctor to help you feel better. Patients with hypomania sometimes do not need medication because all they can do is have a healthy lifestyle, have a good diet, want to do a little of exercise at least everyday, and have yourself a sleep schedule so you can get enough sleep. If the patients stop taking their medicine they could have a relapse within two years, so the patients want to make sure that they keep taking their medicine so they would not have to problems in the future for not taking them.

Conclusion

When doing my research about bipolar disorder it made me more interested and wanted to know more about this disorder. I found out a lot of information about this disorder that I did not know anything about. There was some information that I already knew about it but when I was reading and getting my information I found out a lot of new information about bipolar. Before reading anything about bipolar I just thought it was a small category but when I started reading I found out that you had bipolar l, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and even substance abuse. I had got some good information, a lot of details about each disorder, and a different view on bipolar. I will continue to keep learning and reading more about disorders just in case they change certain things in the future.

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Bipolar Disorder: Hypomania Activity and Depression

Bipolar Disorder can be characterized as alternating episodes of mania or hypomania activity and depression. This disorder was first named in 1851 and was originally called circular insanity (Falret). Bipolar Disorder is established by patterns of stability and relapse that have a significant impact on quality of life. Episodes can be very severe or minor depending on the patients concept of reality. Bipolar disorder can also be referred to as manic depression. Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that causes severe periods of depression and mania that can greatly disturb a person's life.

Bipolar disorder begins when the patient becomes depressed, starts feeling sad, or feels very lonely. They tend to lose interest in their usual daily activities and struggle to find happiness and/or a sense of purpose. These periods of depression are followed by sudden bursts of energy during which they are active and experience extreme euphoria. Euphoria is the state of being intensely excited and happy. Sadly this can lead to sleeplessness, constant judgement of others, and it can heavily affect their ability to think clearly. Bipolar Disorder can also lead to social isolation as well as weight loss. Social isolation is due to the sense of not feeling okay around others. With this disorder the patient will never feel quite right or normal.

Knowing if the patient has Bipolar Disorder is very important. The main thing to look out for is serious mood swings. These mood swings can lead to them doing something very dangerous, whether it be going sky diving because they are feeling overconfident, or they feel the want to self harm. Excessive sleeping can be easily missed as a symptom due to the fact that they may just say they are tired. The excessive sleep is due to the person going through a depressive episode and they possess no interest for everyday activities. If the patient holds a job they may quickly lose interest in the work and/or personal goals they may have. Simply having Bipolar Disorder doesn't mean they will always be extremely happy, or extremely sad. In the best case scenario mood swings can be rare, they may only happen a few times a year. Even though the person that posses the disability won't have a major episode, they may still had sudden mood changes just not as severe or obvious.

Bipolar Disorder can be characterized two ways, Bipolar l and Bipolar ll. Bipolar l is defined as having at least one manic episode that might be followed by a hypomanic episode (MFMER.) In some cases this results from a break in reality. The patient will have no sense of hypomanic episode until they are informed or come out of the state. Bipolar ll differs from Bipolar l because with Bipolar ll they have had at least one depressive episode and one hypomanic episode. Patients with Bipolar ll don't experience manic episodes (MFMER.) Bipolar l is more commonly diagnosed because most patients will experience manic, depressive, and hypomanic episodes. Bipolar l is ultimately more severe than Bipolar ll. Bipolar ll is less destabilizing but that doesn't necessarily mean that it will be easier to live with.

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong disorder that can be managed if the patient is willing. Sadly less than half of patients have a positive outcome to treatment, but the proper treatment is key to a more active life. When it comes to the treatment of Bipolar Disorder medications are very important. Lithium is proven to be the most effective when needing to keep episodes under control. Lithium will help to reduce how often someone will experience manic episodes. Valproate semisodium is given in order to help stabilize a constant and more normal mood (Depakote ). Carbamazepine, also known as Tegretol, is used to help prevent upcoming or recurring episodes. Olanzapine is used to make the good days last longer. It is also used for the prevention of relapsing a depressive mood. Many other forms of medications exist ,yet they are not proven to be as effective.

A possible unconventional treatment is putting a placebo in place. A placebo is a fake pill or other medication that is used to see if it will have a psychological effect. Back in 2005 a doctor that is listed by the name of S.Karger started a clinical trial to test the use of a placebo to see its effects on people with Bipolar disorder. This clinical trial was for patients that had mild or early onset Bipolar Disorder. This trial had some unclear results due to the fact the doctors were unsure of how long to make the trial. The trial resulted in some patients having less manic or depressive episode but it did not cure anyone (S.Karger.) There has been and will continue to be many more clinical trials in place to test the effect a placebo has on bipolar patients. This shows unconventional medication can work in order to help relieve those how are having a difficult time.

If left untreated the patient will most likely experience many very severe depressive and manic episodes. This will make them not able to work due to having no interest whatsoever. Not having proper medication can lead to heavy substance abuse. The patient ,during an episode, will try to cure the way they are feeling anyway they see possible, whether that is drugs or alcohol. Studies show that 56% abuse drugs and 44% abuse alcohol.(Health Guides.) Unfortunately, one third of people with untreated Bipolar Disorder commit suicide due to never feeling themself. Early diagnosis and early treatment can offer a good chance at a full and productive life.

There are many myths when it comes to Bipolar Disorder. First of all a lot of people believe that Bipolar Disorder is a rare condition. This disease has affected 5.7 million American adults and will affect them for the rest of their lives. Millions of teen may also suffer from Bipolar Disorder but it is often overlooked as a possibility. Many parents and even physicians don't think of Bipolar Disorder as a diagnosis due to the young age. Secondly a common misconception is thinking Bipolar disorder is just another name for mood swings. Normal mood swings aren't as serve as the mood changes associated with Bipolar Disorder. Mood swings can go from a more normal happy to sad, but mood changes with Bipolar Disorder can change from depressive to very happy. Another very common myth is people tend to think people with Bipolar Disorder shift back and forth between depression and mania very fast. The truth is a depressive state as well as a mania state can last weeks or even months at a time.

Bipolar Disorder doesn't only affect the person who has the disorder but also the people around them. For doctors the patients are very high profile cases that require somewhat constant care. Bipolar disorder is estimated to be a US cost of $7 billion in direct costs and $38 billion in indirect costs (Wyatt RJ,Henter l, Leary MC). The people who are most affected are the family members of the patient. The family members will be responsible for making sure the patient takes their medications, they will have to be willing to be patient with them, and finally they will be on constant watch to make sure the patient is okay. Health problems can occur in family members due to emotional stress such as guilt and grief. If the patient is fortunate enough to have a job this disorder will affect relationships with not only coworkers but with their boss as well. There is a possibility of losing their job if a depressive episode is to occur, and then in turn this creates financial stress. Financial stress can also occur when patients have a manic episode because they are known to make extravagant purchases.

What can others do to help people with Bipolar Disorder? First thing is to be educated as much as possible about the illness. Never stop asking questions whether that be to a doctor or the utilization of the internet. Give the family and the person with the disorder never ending support. Just being there can make a world of difference in a person's life. Most importantly believe in them, especially when they don't believe in themselves. And finally love them even when it gets hard and giving up seems like the best option, don't give up.

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that causes potentially long periods of depression and mania that can greatly disturb a person's life. There are limited but seemingly effective treatment options. Bipolar Disorder is a very tough lifelong disorder with many up and downs ,but having the right people and environment around it could not seem so bad.

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Bipolar Disorder Research Paper

I choose to do my final project on bipolar disorder. According to statistics and research, In a given year, bipolar disorder affects about 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6% of the U.S. population 18 and older, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar loaded with feeling issue are one of the primary wellsprings of steady insufficiency around the globe. From the perspective of infection related cost, the total budgetary impact of bipolar issue is assessed at a couple of billion dollars. In late decades, the investigative examples in the United States have favored a broadened importance of bipolar malady. Another change in symptomatic philosophies may incorporate new phenotypes of the disarray. In spite of the fact that the correct reason for bipolar turmoil presently can't seem to be discovered, researchers affirm that bipolar confusion has a hereditary segment, which means the confusion can keep running in families.

Some exploration recommends that numerous components may collaborate to create strange capacity of cerebrum circuits that outcomes in bipolar turmoil's manifestations of real gloom and insanity. Precedents of natural elements may incorporate pressure, liquor or substance misuse, and absence of rest. The future of people with outrageous mental maladjustment is shorter stood out from the general open. This plenitude mortality is essentially a direct result of physical infection. We report normality rates of different physical illnesses and also basic individual lifestyle choices, responses of psychotropic treatment and contrasts in human administrations access, utilize and plan that add to these poor physical prosperity results. Bipolar perplexity causes a degree of signs that can be irritating and unsafe to your life. Earlier known as hyper depressive illness bipolar perplexity is an interminable condition that effects the mind as indicated by success line there are such innumerable factor of bipolar they have highs and lows in manner coordinate vitality improvement. Individuals with bipolar confusion they are no fix yet with legitimate drug and treatment they will upgrade with the disease.

There is in like way no single known clarification behind bipolar perplexity in any case there are sure peril factors. The run of the mill time of beginning for bipolar perplexity is 25 as exhibited by the national foundation of emotional well-being. People appear, apparently, to be influenced relatively. Side effects generally speaking happen in more settled youngsters or youthful grown-ups. It's possible for the condition to make at more settled ages. The responses of the agitation differ by the kind of bipolar issue that the individual has. There are four significant sorts of bipolar issue; each and every one of them combine clear changes in setting centrality and enhancement levels. Bipolar I issue bipolar ii issue cyclothymic perplexity and other chose and unspecified bipolar and related. Nobody single hazard factor recommends you'll make bipolar distress. Researchers accept that particular risk factors organize to trigger the disease. More research should be done to tie the particular risk factors and causes.

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A Research for Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear energy is the energy that is released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to create electricity. There are ninety-eight nuclear fission reactors in thirty states that generate nearly twenty percent of the nation's electricity. Unlike the usage of fossil fuels for energy, there are no carbon emissions when it comes to creating nuclear energy. Nuclear energy is not limited to the only the only benefit of carbon-free electricity, but also it also powers space exploration, sterilizes medical equipment, provides potable water through desalination, and more. Given 10 billion dollars, 20% would be given to run nuclear fission energy reactors, and the other 80% would be given to the research of the development of fusion reactors as sources of energy for the future.

Although nuclear fission is the primary provider of nuclear energy, nuclear fusion would be a much better option. First of all, cold nuclear fusion is cleaner and produces little to no radiation while nuclear fission could pollute air and water. Second, nuclear fusion produces a lot more energy than any other source of creating energy. The sun and other stars in outer space generate energy through the process of fusion, and it is easy to see that massive amounts of energy are produced. Third, there is more than enough products of fusion to provide the world energy for hundreds of millions of years, and it is available whenever it is needed.

The main reason as to why nuclear fusion is not used to create energy is because an intense amount of pressure is required to cause the reaction to occur. Because of this reason, some people may prefer to stay with using nuclear fission, or even fossil fuels since they are easier to use to generate energy. However, there are more problems caused with using these forms of energy providers. Fission is better than using fossil fuels because it is cleaner, but radiation can still be emitted. Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources, meaning that they would take millions of years to reform. Not only does this form a problem, but fossil fuels release carbon into the air, causing pollution and global warming.

In conclusion, research for nuclear fusion is clearly the best way to spend a given 10 billion dollars. Fusion could generate massive amounts of energy compared to fission and fossil fuel use. Nuclear fusion is also much more clean and environmental friendly. This way of generating energy is also much more efficient since the resources are always available on demand. Nuclear fusion is the future of generating energy for the world.

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Maya Angelou: the Civil Rights Activist

Maya Angelou was considered very magnificent in every career she had. From a dancer and an actress to a journalist and a civil rights activist, she represented blacks and their exigency for equality through her writing and many skills. Maya Angelou's performance next to significant figures, such as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X, molded a principled and better path for everyone in society today.

The speaking of the Tree (Nichols 5).

They hear, they all hear

the Teacher.

the privileged, the homeless,

the Gay, the Straight, the

Preacher,

The Irish, the Rabbi, the Priest, the Sheikh,

The Catholic, the

Muslim, the French, the Greek,

the African and the Native American, the Sioux,

So say the Asian, the Hispanic, the Jew,

The singing River and the wise Rock.

There is a true yearning to respond to Angelou touched many people, including important, political figures. For example, she worked on two presidential committees: for Gerald in 1975 and for Jimmy Carter in 1977 (Parker 1). Ergo, she had a very high status. Nevertheless, no matter what crowd Angelou found herself among, she continued to uplift minorities. When she spoke at the inauguration of Bill Clinton, she narrated,

Additionally, after King's death, Angelou returned to writing. In 1969, she published her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. It became a best-seller and launched Angelou into prominence (5 Crowning Achievements of Maya Angelou 1). Through her poems and autobiographies, she turned attention to the struggle of the blacks' lives. Her writing is often applauded more for its representation of black beauty and demand of racial equality than for its poetic virtue. Although Angelou was a spokesperson for the blacks, her literature works demanded social justice for all and encouraged everyone of all backgrounds to do the same. For example, Angelou's poetry was filled with a protest of the times. In fact, she used her writing to help protest the Vietnam war. It is believed she raised the moral expectation for many in the US (Parker 1).

Upon her return to America, Maya Angelou made an ascendancy of influence over the civil rights community. Martin Luther King, Jr., requested Angelou to tour the country with him to promote civil rights. Before she could, King was assassinated on Angelou's fortieth birthday. On that day forward, Maya stopped celebrating her birthday. She sent flowers to Coretta Scott King every year, instead (Parker 4).

Maya Angelou fought for equality from America to Africa. Shortly after Cabaret for Freedom, Angelou married a South African freedom fighter and resigned from SCLC (Nichols 4). Her marriage ended rather quickly but she remained in Africa with her son. During this time in Africa, Angelou met two prominent figures in the Civil Rights Movement history. In 1962, she met Nelson Mandela. He made a very eloquent impact on her interest in combatting for equality. Angelou commented, I admire his endurance of racism and imprisonment (Parker 3-4). Two years later, Angelou met Malcolm X in Ghana. She would soon join him in planning for an Organization of Afro-American Unity (Parker 2). No matter where Angelou traveled, she continued to support the Civil Rights Movement.

Following her Porgy and Bess tour, Angelou moved to New York and became friends with significant Harlem Renaissance figures. It was here, she developed an inclination to social activism. She joined the Harlem Writers Guild and took her place amongst young black writers linked with the Civil Rights Movement. Working alongside writers, such as James Baldwin and Paule Marshall, her writing skills flourished. In addition to her New York affairs, she heard one of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speeches at a church in Harlem. Swayed by his words, she helped organize a historic, fund-raising cabaret for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (Nichols 3). Angelou raised funds for King's Civil Rights Movement by staging Cabaret for Freedom (Maya Angelou Biography-Academy). The event was a momentous success and accrued plenty of funds.

Marguerite Johnson was born April 4th, 1928. Her brother, Bailey, gave her the nickname Maya and she made it her professional name later (5 Crowning Achievements of Maya Angelou 1). At the age of three, she and Bailey were sent to live with their grandmother in Arkansas due to her parents' divorce. Later, when she was eight years old, she went to stay with her mother. While she stayed with her mother, her mother's boyfriend cuddled her and raped her. She refused to speak for five years after he was found beaten to death because of her deposition. During this time, she returned to her Arkansas only to travel back to her mothers'. At the age of seventeen, she fell pregnant and gave birth to her first and only child, Clyde. From her son's birth, Angelou's life turned around. She went from working in a club to making a big break in her career. After auditioning for Porgy and Bess, Angelou toured the world (This Day in Our History 2).

During the Civil Rights movement, many African American writers wrote analyses of society, encompassing racial inequality and hardships. Maya Angelou was among those writers that became very influential in their literary works. As a feminist icon and civil rights activist, the powerful existence of her words still lingers today in our society.

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Feminism in Maya Angelou’s’ Poetry

Maya Angelou once said if you don't like something, thanthen change it and if you can't change, then change your attitude(25) and that exactly what she did to her entire life. Maya Angelou grew up and was born in the state of Louis, Missouri. She is a Daughter of two hard-working parents, named Bailey Johnson who was the main provider and worked as a doorkeeper and Vivian Johnson who was a nurse, night club habitue. Eventually, her parents were divorced just when she turned three years old.

At a young age, her brother Bailey that was eight years at the time,herself and their grandmother were living in a small town called Stamps in Arkansas where she absorbed much religious faith and would have to wear old-fashioned courtesy due to the old traditional African American lifestyle.

In her early childhood years, Maya Angelou was raised with her brother Bailey during in the racial segregation in the South by her paternal grandmother. She earned a scholarship to a drama school. While living there she also goes several part-time jobs as a table dancer in a nightclub works in a mechanic shop, and worked in restaurants. She was one of the first women to be a black female cable car conductor.

One of many struggles she faced was finding her true identity, growing up there were a few obstacles she had to face and they were very tuff, making her the women she is today. Another struggle she faced was being a teen mother. When Maya Angelou was sixteen in the days after WWII, she had given birth to her first son Clyde Johnson in San Francisco. When she was at the age of fourteen, she had decided to drop of out her studies and fell in love. She eventually decided to run away at the age of seventeen and considered living a different lifestyle causing her to become a single parent becoming homeless with her son Guy and living outside of a parking lot and trying to support herself, and her child by working late shifts as a waitress nonetheless, she never gave up on her dreams and goals. Her and her son, moved back with her grandmother in Stamps, Arkansas which she had to escape to go back to San Francisco due to her involvement in illicit activities. After a few years she moved back in with her mother and fell in love with a preacher named Episcopalian and left her son to be taken care of with Big Mary who had disappeared with her child but could track them down in California where they were able to reunite.

Meanwhile, Dr. Maya Angelou had worked as a writer-producer on the television for one of the best media network called the 20th-century fox 20th. She had written a powerful screenplay for Georgia, Georgia, including many other several scripts on the television including, sister, sister. In early 1998, she also tried to make her first attempt in the filming career and directed with a movie named Down in Delta. Before becoming one of America's most admired writers. Throughout, her empowering writings and poems, she had motivated a generation of African Americans woman who had to struggle to overcome prejudice, discrimination, and, abuse sadly, at the age of seven, she had been raped by her mother's boyfriend and swore to never speak a word again because she believed she caused her rapist his death. Eventually, Maya Angelou had been retreated into a voluntary silence for about five years or more. When she was brought to stay in stamps to live with her great-grandmother, Maya Angelou was helped and supported by two very strong independent women, her mother, Mrs. Bertha who made her feel comfortable to speak again.

Feminism in Maya Angelou's' poetry was also important. she was an important woman when it came to her showing hardships among all women by focusing to address issues that were involved with feminism, sexism,and racism. Therefore, she displays feminism in her poems Phenomenal woman and All Women Work. Phenomenal Woman by Maya Angelou was published in 1978 making history as the first nonfiction best-seller by an African-American woman. Although Angelou writes of her actual experiences growing up and living as a black girl and a black woman in the American South, she also connects her experiences to those of all black women dealing with racism, sexism, and isolation. Her book sends out an important message to the world about convention and stereotype but mostly to women to have empowerment and be confident in their own female skin and acceptance. Nonetheless, in her poem Woman Work she describes what a single woman does for her family and the society. The woman she is describing is been expected to live a certain lifestyle due to what society expect from her. For example, at a young age being consider a lady when you're little. How a role of a woman can be confined with one simple word and how woman today are required to have curtain skills. One skill woman need to have was to become a warrior, have a tough mindset, be able to convince herself that her values, choices are very important. Shen then explains the role that man played and how they were in control, man would treat women like an object and as property rather than being treated as their wives or a normal human being.

Fighting for gender equality in her poem phenomenal women is a phenomenal example of her poetic identity. She expressed that black women can do anything and also fights for racial equality. Her wise words in her poetry didn't just come from her heart, they were explaining life, love, and concepts that were very abstract and obscure became clear through her poetry. Maya Angelou quotes in her book if growing up is painful as the southern black girl and being aware of her displacement can be there rust on the razor that threatens the throat. It's an unnecessary insult in her poem I know why the caged bird sings Maya angelou is talking about how as a child she never lived a normal lifestyle and wrote her daily experience or racial discrimination and was not treated equally and she knew that she wanted to break all barriers between race. She expresses that black woman can do anything and also fights for racial equality.

One strength was Maya Angelou is referring to herself that she is a phenomenal woman and she left a mark for other women to follow. She describing her poem through her confidence the ways she walks, the rhythm of her hips and the way she smiles on line 30-31. In the book, it also mentions that one of Maya Angelou's secrets is that she is leaving behind for women that will touch their hearts to lead them to be a phenomenal woman. One of her weakness was the tone and the mood of the poem phenomenal men phrases the joy in my feet the sun of my smile also the click of my heel to create a feeling of joy while in the song I was here in the book the tone of the song it was aspiring. Indeed she wanted to achieve so many things like leaving a mark on the world so that everyone knew what she was fighting for. Threw this journey I've learned that Maya uses imagery consistently in her poem to create a physical image of a woman who loves herself and is very self-confident. She also uses imagery to describe her physical features but the irony of this poem is that the American stand of beauty is to have sharp features like having the perfect body or perfect skin tone. Indeed she uses a lot of metaphors through her poems in the book. Nonetheless, she uses repetitions to stress certain phrases to emphasize the main idea of the poem that she is a phenomenal woman.

Just how her poem Caged Bird is an example description of a caged bird that is able to see another bird outside the window but the caged bird is trapped with his clipped wings and his feet are very tired and begins to sings in pain.Then the caged bird wants to be set and dream of flying far away from the world but id trapped in the caged. Also, To Beat The Child Was Bad Enough The poem is about the innocence of a child and how it is taken away when a child is beating leaving them alone and mute because when a child is abused, they lose their sense of speech and are afraid to speak. Maya's perspective of the poem highlights the tragedy of her childhood when she had been raped by monster also known as her mother's boyfriend and became mute. While reading the poem the tone of the poem changes to fear because you can see the change of events in the poem's story.

Another strengths she had were her accomplishments she had achieved was in 1960. She worked for Martin Luther King as a coordinator and organized a Christian Leadership Conference for a short period of time. After some time she left New York and moved to Cairo, Egypt in 1961 where she met a civil rights activist named Vusumzi Make who was a freedom fighter. He had motivated Maya Angelou to become a journalist and work as the editor for the Arab Observer organization. Her work did not stop there, she went to Ghana and worked as an editor of the The african Review and taught as a professor at the University of Ghana's were she learned several different languages . In 1986, she publishes a novel called All God's children need traveling shoes were she reveals several obstacles she faced and began to discover her heritage as an African american woman while she was in Ghana. In the 1964, she came across a black activist named Malcolm X who was also involved in the civil right movement and lead an organization for the African American Unity community but his organization collapsed after he was assassinated . Leaving Maya angelou to publish her final series of her autobioghy called A song Flung up to Heaven were she mentions her role as an influential leader to the Civil Rights movements .

A few years back Maya Angelou came out with an album titled Caged Bird Songs. This contemporary Hip Hop album came out November 04, 2014 includes songs like: Still I Rise, Africa, Life Doesn't Frighten Me, and ten more other songs. Angelou's voice does not sound like any other female artist in today's mainstream music. Angelou's voice is powerful. She is reciting the lyrics more like spoken word over raw beats. Although she is older Maya Angelou is still rapping, if that's not inspiring then, I do not know what is. Angelou's title for her album is Caged Bird Songs, similar to one of her books titled, I Know Why The Caged Birds Sing, (a great piece of literature). The caged bird could symbolize her, not only is this a genuine title, but meaningful to those who know the real meaning of what it means and have actually read the book that connects to the title. The artwork for her album is simple yet, clever.

Maya Angelou was also know for having empowering human spirits, In her third book Still I Rise tends to use fiction writing techniques. For instance, setting plot, dialogue, characterization and developing different themes. She creates a personal struggle of how an American-American woman are brought to life through there poetic works. She mentions personal journeys of her struggles to overcome injustice and reminds us that we should never stop fighting on gender equality on a daily basis. She intended to grow and develop courage to women who fear to speak up and voice their opinions and beliefs.In the poem she declares that she will not accept racism,allow anyone to have frewer right than anyone in their society. There were alot of people that she worked with that wanted to crush her dreams and what she believed in but that did not stop her even if they wanted to kill her she would still fight for the movement of equal equality. Maya Angelou then write a poem called Our Grandmothers(32). She mentions a woman who survives a life of a slave, she specifies and shows what slavery did to a particular human being. Being a slave consisted of being treated like property. She also mention how humiliated she had to endure when they would get whip. Women were considered to suffer more than men because they would get double the punishment because they were women and were considered African American.

The album has a bird and the color of the bird is golden colored, which can demonstrate Angelou's heart, Golden hearted. Although she did die, her legacy will continue to live and that has been proven by the success of her new album. This is not her first, she has made another albums. Angelou's family has helped this album become successful. Especially her grandson. What do the lyrics have that are so meaningful? The album is entirely based on what Dr. Maya Angelou's poetry would have, especially on black and women empowerment. Maya Angelou quotes, A bird doesn't sing because it has an answer, it sings because it has a song.

Lastly, Maya Angelou was an author, activist, feminist, lecture and woman of color who went through several trials in her life that made her the women she is today. Her impact on the world was meant to go on through generations. Women are important to society, not only do we make babies to keep the human race alive, but we are important too because women have been thought to be less than men and that has to be proven wrong. Glorifying women for having all the empowerment to surpass many obstacles that all women have undergone needs to be done a lot more often, but in fact our society created a month for all women and its meaning to it is delivering a message across the world letting others know that women will continue to fight for that they believe is right. She considered best known for all seven autobiographies she wrote and her work moved tremendously all over the world through Schools and Universities.Her work didn't not stop there she impacted the black culture and inspired the African American culture. Her dream was to motivate and change a generation of women to be courageous.

Months like March, is significantly important, it's a month to appreciate women, afterall it is Women's History (Herstory) Month from March 1st to March 31st. March 8, is International Women's Day. It's a transnational feminist organization, organized a Rally on March 08, 2015 in order to show the power of women. This day has been around since the early 1990's through the ongoing years anyone who identifies as a woman stands up for their rights and supports women as a whole and recognizes their struggles. Power women Like Maya Angelou are the reason why Events like Woman's day exist, to glorify woman who suffered and fought for a generation to empower one another and have a voice especially to women who are afraid to voice their opinions because they are woman. There's a lot of women who historically have done so much for our nation, and try to make a difference in today's life. Having event and organization that are created for women who do not get recognized for their role in this society are changing lives day by day. Therefore, Maya Angelou was a great historian whose legacy still lives .

Work cited page

Angelou,Maya.I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings.New York : Random House,1970.Print. MEACHAM, JON.22AUG2017: A racist World,Described by Those Who Knew It https://www.achievement.org/achiever/maya-angelou/
Angelou, M.(1970). I Know why the caged bird sings. New York : Random House
Angelou,M.(2004). The collected auntobiographies of Maya Angelou. New York: Modern Libary Biography. www.mayaangelou.com.Caged Bird Legacy, 1, Jan.2015.Web.10 Apr.2015

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A Phenomenon of Dr. Maya Angelou

Dr. Maya Angelou, award winning author, poet, actress is among her many career titles. She was born with the name Marguerite Johnson on April 4th, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, is one of her most famous pieces of work that describes her life in her younger years. At a young age, her parents separated which resulted in her and her older brother is sent to live with her grandmother in Arkansas.

At the age of seven, Angelou was molested by her mother's boyfriend at the time. She gained the courage to tell her older brother about what her mother's boyfriend had done. A week later, her mother's boyfriend was found dead. Many allege that he was killed by her uncles out of vengeance for what he had done to her. Unable to cope with such a horrific and traumatic experience, the young seven-year-old, went into a five-year period of complete silence. During this prolonged mute, she developed a love for literature. Angelou finally began to speak again at the age of twelve with the help of a someone dear to her by the name of Mrs. Flowers. Angelou went on to write a children's book Mrs. Flowers: A Moment of Friendship. In this book, Angelou shares how much of an impact Mrs. Flowers had on her from exposing her to her new profound love of spoken word and written poetry and the importance of being educated.

While in high school, Angelou accepted a scholarship to California Labor School in San Francisco where she studied dance and acting. At the age of seventeen, she gave birth to her son, whose father was from a short-lived high school relationship. In order to support herself and her newborn son, she worked as a streetcar conductor becoming the first African American and first female to hold this position. In her third autobiography, Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas, Angelou shares how she worked several different jobs to make ends meet for the family of two.

In 1950, she married a Greek sailor by the name of Tosh Angelos. After a few years, the two divorced. Shortly after, she was a featured in the Purple Onion cabaret as a singer who gained the attention of many scouts. As her career began to take shape, she began re-branding herself. Using a childhood nickname and part of her ex-husbands' last name, she began to refer to herself as "Maya Angelou". Angelou earned a role in the Porgy and Bess production tour, and Calypso Heat Wave. She later released her first album, Miss Calypso. Along with her long resume of accolades, Angelou earned a Tony Award nomination and an Emmy Award nomination. She joined the Harlem Writers Guild which is where she met writer James Baldwin. She was

In the 1960s Angelou moved abroad to work as a freelance writer and editor first living in Egypt, and then Ghana. After returning to the United States in 1964, she published her autobiography I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings which was a nationwide success and her most famous work. Out of her 7 published autobiographies, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was her bestselling piece but was also the one of the most publicly controversial. Upon its release, the autobiography was banned from many schools because of its topics of race, violence, and sex.

Maya Angelou took fifteen years to write the A Song Flung up to Heaven to one of her last autobiographies. When asked why it took so long to be completed and published, she told interviewers that she didn't know how to account for four years of hurt to not only her but the entire African American community and yet remain encouraging. In this volume, she covers the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr., the Watts riot, and her divorce.

While writing her volumes of autobiographies, Maya Angelou also had a career in film and author of children's books. She became the first African American woman to produce a screenplay. In 1977, she was an Emmy nominee for her role in Roots. Poetry used in the 1993 film Poetic Justice was written by Angelou, she also starred in the film in the role of Aunt June. In 1993 and 1995, she also starred in the films There Are No Children Here and How to Make an American Quilt. In between film and writing her autobiographies, Angelou, released a number of poems. Her most popular was The Complete Collected Poems of Maya Angelou and Phenomenal Woman.

Maya Angelou is ranked among the literary greats of the world. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings which was her first autobiography published in 1970. After years of being banned from schools around the country, later became paramount to the discussion of African American literature. It tells her life story, brings controversial topics to the surface, as well as exposes readers to great writing examples. Her two poems Still I Rise and Phenomenal Woman is of favorites for many, especially women. They are both very relatable poems. Still, I Rise encourages readers to not allow the stress of the world to consume you and break you down but continue to rise and confidently defeat whatever obstacle may come. Phenomenal Woman is a poem about self-esteem. It empowers women to be confident and self-loving regardless of who else may not your value. All of which are relevant to contemporary society and arguably more relevant than ever. There is an alarmingly increasing rate of young women who are seeking cosmetic surgery to change their physical appearance. All 3 pieces reflect on this matter; from a person's upbringing and childhood experiences to their mental and spiritual health.

Dr. Maya Angelou has achieved more in than many could ever dream of. Being able to juggle the role as an African American single mother, author, actress, director, singer, poet, civil rights activist, writer, dancer, editor, essayist and playwright, all in one lifetime is unfathomable to many and a lifetime inspiration to all.

Works Cited

Biography.com Editors. Maya Angelou. Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 27 Feb. 2018, www.biography.com/people/maya-angelou-9185388.

History.com Editors. Maya Angelou Is Born. History.com, A&E Television Networks, 13 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/maya-angelou-is-born.

Horton, Emily. Maya Angelou. Weapons in the War of 1812 | NCpedia, NC Government & Heritage Library, 2012, www.ncpedia.org/Biography/angelou-maya.

Maya Angelou. Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/maya-angelou.

Still I Rise. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature, by Henry Louis Gates and Valerie A. Smith, Norton, 2014, p. 946.

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Walt Whitman was an American Poet

Walt Whitman was an American Poet who was very influential and controversial due to his sexual imagery in his works. He's a bold poet who brings to light shameless sexual desires and homosexuality that no one before him have since it was seen to be scandalous and unusual during his time. The theme of sexuality is present in most of his works and changed the way people of his days and today's society viewed intimacy. Whitman revised Song of myself multiple times throughout his life, deleting and inserting new lines and even changing the title. In Song of Myself, Whitman connects sexuality with nature, he speaks on human connections with the soul and body, and the ultimate power of sexual desires.

Throughout Song of Myself, Whitman connects sexuality with earth and nature. His love for nature is very evident and he believes it to be a symbol for freedom. To go outdoors was also to liberate the self to ?come out'...nakedness was the condition of truth (Martin 48). He uses sexual metaphors to further describe how people should be expressive and come in contact with nature more frequently. I behold from the beach your crooked fingers...

Dash me with amorous wet, I can repay you (Whitman sec. 22), in this scene he is having a sexual encounter with the ocean, this links back in the beginning of the poem when he extenuates the idea of being undisguised with nature. Whitman doesn't use sexual imagery entirely to talk about sex but rather to describe how sexual connections with the world is necessary for human life. He is also known to be a very radical transcendentalist, so it can be seen that he strongly believes that nature, god, and people are all somehow interrelated. Whitman sees that nature is forever performing a sexual act...humans are invited to partake (Miller 1), this further highlights how Whitman saw that nature and sexuality are related to each other because he saw nature as being sexual too.

To Further expand on nature and sexuality, the following lines in Song of Myself were deleted due to the widespread controversy during Whitman's years, Far-swooping elbowed earth!...Smile, for your lover comes...we hurt each other as the bridegroom and the bride hurt each other (Whitman sec. 21), in this excerpt, Whitman compares the bride and the bridegroom to his sexual encounters with the earth. It again describes how in love he is with the idea and atmosphere of the earth, that he even compares it to two humans having intercourse. Afterall, he believed that language and the human body are equals (Tuten 136), he thought nature, humans, spirituality, and earth were all equal, thus he spoke as so.

Correspondingly, Whitman speaks abundantly about the connection between the soul and body. Notice how Whitman doesn't just speak of just one type of sexuality throughout his poem, he mentions the auto-erotic, homosexuals, and hetersexuals. He tries to ultimately praise the recuperation of the body...breaking down of a body/soul hierarchy or binarism (Martin 47), this is primarily seen in the anecdote when a women is watching twenty-eight men bathing in the ocean, desperately wanting to join them and describing the nude bodies of the men, soon after, Whitman is there watching too. The Poem also describes an unseen hand passing the bathers bodies (Whitman sec. 11). This is where most readers come to understand that Whitman is homosexual. However, this anecdote shouldn't be mistaken by revealing his sexuality but rather explaining how the human body and soul are prominent for human connections. Whitman celebrates the communion of the body and soul (Tuten 137), he explains that without the soul, there is no body, and without the body, there is no soul. He states that they are both related but one if not superior to the other.

On top of that, The unseen hand that supposedly is touching the bathers, could be identified as the watchers (Whitman and the women) souls. It also stated they do not ask who seizes them fast, indicating that the bathers didn't think that the touching of the soul was ungraceful but rather that they were connecting with one another spiritually. Another meaning behind this is that he didn't specify whether this unseen hand was a mans or womens. This further emphasizes how Whitman didn't care for gender, he recognized everything as equal and how individuals connected with each other spiritually and physically not because of their sexual orientation. Sexuality is...the most sacred dimension of human physicality.. ultimate means of communication between two individuals (Tuten 139), Tuten further evaluates how Whitman viewed sexuality as a whole.

Whitman wants to strongly encourage humans to be more open with themselves. Emerson, a poet who was a big influence on Whitman's start in poetry, saw his works as a scholar who was brave, free, and well-comprehended. However, still Emerson asked Whitman not to publish some of his poems because of the sexual content (Miller 1), indicating that Whitman was a very passionate author who was against conformity and wanted people to understand sexuality and how effective it is for human connections. He didn't care what people judged of his works because he knew that his poem sent a message everyone needed to know. Throughout his poem, Whitman is also very interested with himself, for example, he sexualizes his own soul. In the poem, he states, you settled your head athwart my hips and gently turned over upon me (Whitman sec. 5), the you in his poem is in reference to his soul.

It is also possible to say that Whitman is writing these sexual encounters with his soul because he is still in the stage of self-discovery himself. He felt largely alone in his wish to understand his sexuality in a democratic culture (Martin 47), which is seen in the poem since he didn't blatantly state his sexuality but rather jump from different types: omnisexual. Also, the poem was originally named Poem of Walt Whitman, an American, and what makes his literary contribution...so extraordinary simply because it is rooted in and about him (Miller 1), so it was meant to be about himself but he was also trying to educate and share his beliefs with his audience, thus later changing the title in 1881. Whitman didn't express his own sexuality in this poem probably because he needed everyone to understand that every sexuality is normal and shouldn't be shocking to society. It was an open-secret among himself and others, especially during the civil war, since there was a lot of homosexuals during that time period. To expand on the theme of sexuality in Whitman's Song of Myself, he asserts the power of sexual desires to bring light to the raw nature of sexuality.

Whitman's main point is to not be ashamed for having or showing sexual desires because it is natural for everyone to. Voices of sexes and lusts...voices veiled, and I remove the veil...copulation is no more rank to me than death is (Whitman sec. 24), Whitman wants individuals to know that it's okay to have these desires because it was a part of being human and a community. Based on his poem, he is really against conformity. He hoped for people to feel less restricted and more free with nature, sex, and soul because it could really affect a person emotionally if they feel guilt just because of their own sexual desires. Whitman also has problems with containing his own sexual desires. He describes flames and ether making a rush for my veins, treacherous tip of me reaching and crowding (Whitman sec. 28), Whitman is recounting a moment when he was masterbating.

This is important to analyze because he is having trouble with controlling his sense of touch and desire. In that excerpt, all this sexual energy was focused at one part of his body, hidden, and too powerful and violent. He rather wanted all his desire to be less centralized and more dispersed in his body. Whitman yearned to inform his readers that even though sexual desires and activities are natural, it's also consequential to understand how to control the sense of touch at times because it could get out of control. During this part, he is having an autoerotic situation because it is understood that he is just as invested with his own sexuality just as he is with other individuals. Given these points, Whitman connects sexuality with nature, he speaks on human connections with the soul and body, and the ultimate power of sexual desires.

Whitman saw all thing as equal and one way or another, interrelated. Writing about a very controversial subject during his time, he was a courageous man who longed to influence others, which he did. Garcia Lorca and Edward Carpenter are just a couple writers out of hundreds who were heavily influenced by Whitman's work. Whitman is a powerhouse of sharing his own thoughts, going against social norms, and at the same time, trying to find and understand himself too. After all, he just wanted everyone to feel unified and accepted.

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Alexander Hamilton Sought the American Dream

Alexander Hamilton sought the American dream. He was an orphan who longed for more for himself. His amazing ability to write built him up and broke him down in his life. He wanted to leave behind a legacy, something bigger than himself, and he certainly did. As the first Secretary of the Treasury he helped to build up this country's wealth. Before becoming Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton fought for the country's freedom. As one of our country's Founding Fathers, Hamilton had a huge impact on the growth of the United States of America.
Hamilton's father walked out on him, his brother, and his mother. His mother died soon after his father left. Their cousin became their guardian.

A year after taking in Alexander and his brother he committed suicide. Hamilton started working for Thomas Stevens, who was rumored to be Hamilton's real father. Hamilton's brother, James, became a carpenter's apprentice, the two separated and never saw each other again. Hamilton then started working for an import-export firm owned by Nicholas Cruger. Cruger taught Hamilton about finance. After work Hamilton would read, learning about literature, history, and science. He would also publish poems in the local paper. Cruger sent Hamilton to America to get the education he deserved.

Hamilton applied to the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University, where he wanted an accelerated course study. They wouldn't accept him has a special student so in 1773 Hamilton enrolled at King's College where he was able to accelerate. He took on a heavy coursework in math, medicine, and law. His pursuit of politics started while attending college. He began attending Whig meetings and publishing pamphlets in support of the colonists. On December 15, 1774 he published his first pamphlet A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress. He wrote this in response to A.W. Farmer who wrote against the people in Philadelphia speaking out against Britain. He followed up with his second pamphlet A Farmer Refuted on February 23, 1775.

Hamilton would not have been able to rise the way he did if he hadn't had an amazing way with words. He could write his way into anything, but he could speak just as well. He was all for the revolution, but he didn't agree with mob violence. One day a mob of 300 people came to King's College wanting to lynch the president, Miles Cooper, a known loyalist. Hamilton stood up and gave a speech on how violence outside of the war was more troublesome to their cause than good. He kept the mob busy long enough for Cooper to escape.

In 1776 Hamilton took a job as captain of a company of artillery. He left school to give his all to his new job in the war. King's College closed soon after he left. As captain of an artillery company Hamilton led his company in many battles around New York. In 177 his performance as captain got the attention of General George Washington. Hamilton was hired as lieutenant colonel and aide to Washington. As Washington's aide Hamilton wrote to Congress, state politicians, and other officers.

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In Cold Blood and Criminal Justice

The criminal justice system plays a very important role in the novel In Cold Blood. When Dick Hickock and Perry Smith murdered the Clutter family many parts of the community were affected, but also played a role in their arrest. Many theories of crime can be examined in the text to try to explain why Dick and Perry committed such murder. In the novel, the reader sees the different levels of police it took to track down these two men. When Dick and Perry got arrested the justice system played a big role in their trial and sentence as well.

The murder Dick and Perry committed was very hard to trace for authorities. The murders left no finger prints, no witnesses, and no shotgun shells. Not only did Dick and Perry leave no evidence, there also was no true motive behind the crime. This is definitely an oddity considering the setting and victims of the murder. Crimes with no motive are often a huge problem in our society. It is hard for police and authorities to come up with a suspect when there was no reason for someone to hate the victim, like the Clutter family. Their family was considered as very respectful, giving, and peaceful in the small town of Holcomb. Dick and Perry even themselves thought Mr. Clutter was a good man. Perry confesses, I thought Mr. Clutter was a very nice gentleman.

I thought so right up to the moment that I cut his throat.(Capote 244) This proves that there was no true reason for Perry and Dick to murder such an innocent family for nothing but a radio, few dollars in cash, and binoculars. The quote also proves the true insanity and mental illness of both murders. Dick is a very mentally unstable person and acts very impulsive. Dick seems to have no ability in his brain to think about the consequences of his actions. This leads Dick into breaking the law. Dick will do anything to satisfy his money hunger. He passed bad checks, robs people that pick him up as a hitch-hiker, and even killed the Clutter family.

Money and impulse are two reasons why Dick committed the crime. He is quoted saying, I know it is wrong. But at the same time I never give any thought to whether it is right or wrong. The same with stealing. It seems to be an impulse. (Capote 176) However, Perry was deeply affected by his childhood and past life. He seems to be mentally ill with Schizophrenia and struggles with the sensation he gets between sanity and violence. We see Perry's unstable mind when dick says, In some ways, old Perry was "spooky as hell." Take for example, that temper of his. He could slide into a fury "quicker than ten drunk Indians. And yet, you wouldn't know it. "He might be ready to kill you, but you'd never know it, not to look at or listen to." (Capote 106) Perry is even caught sucking on his thumb like a baby at one point and wet his bed. The only explanation for why Dick and Perry committed the murder is that they were money hungry and mentally ill.

The small town of Holocomb, Kansas was affected deeply by the murder of the Clutter family. The community played an important role in the beginning stages of the murder by community policing. Community Policing is when the police wants to interact with citizens more to help reduce crime by citizens reporting crimes, providing information, helping in investigations, and respecting the law. The first role the community plays is investigating why the Clutters are not answering the door at 9 am when all the cars are in the driveway. After discovering the dead bodies and calling the sheriff, word quickly spreads throughout the town and headlines of the world. The community does not trust any of their neighbors, and sleeps with their lights on all night.

Lack of trust is displayed when the author states, This hitherto peaceful congregation of neighbors and old friends had suddenly to endure the unique experience of distrusting each other; understandably, they believed that the murderer was among themselves. (Capote 88) Soon people began to leave town in fear for their lives. However, the biggest role the community circle plays is what the police find out through Mr. Floyd Wells. Communities are connected in weird ways sometimes, and people can help authorities with evidence/information. The Justice System relies on communities very heavily to help them track down criminals.

The novel In Cold Blood gives the reader a look into the process of chasing down criminals. In the book, like in many cases today, the police first inspect the crime, then analyze evidence, conduct interrogations, and finally the novel shows the process of being patient to track down the criminal. Criminals like Dick and Perry that have been in and out of jail multiple times shows that the status quo of the prison system does not help bring corrections to certain types of people. Dick and Perry have committed other crimes like fake checks, breaking out of prison, and stealing. This proves that going to prison does not reform some inmates. Capote uses Capital Punishment to show that it does not do justice, but rather it depreciates the value of life and morals.

Capital punishment is a government action to kill a person as a punishment for a crime. Capote expresses his views on the death penalty through Dick's thoughts when he says, "They're mad ?cause they're not getting what they wantrevenge (Capote 335). Throughout the book Capote references the criminal's personalities, lives, and thoughts. The author spends a lot of effort to make Perry and Dick seem innocent and later justifies thier actions through their bad lives they had to cope with.

Capote has Dewy mention, "a measure of sympathy”for Perry Smith's life had been no bed of roses but pitiful, an ugly and lonely progress toward one mirage or another (Capote 246). Even after the criminals are convicted, Capote continues to fight the unjust jury, attorneys, and trial as a whole. The jury was chosen from the Clutter's friends that were pro-death penalty. Judge Tate was also very close friends with Mr.Clutter. In today's court, all of these issues would have been addressed before the court proceedings. The prosecutor also played the fear card to the jury. He said that if Dick and Perry were not executed, they could have been released.

In Conclusion, the book In Cold Blood relates to our criminal justice system and its flaws. The author uses many terms and ideas of criminal justice throughout the text. Some of the main points have to deal with what caused the crime, how the community reacted, how the police tracked Dick and Perry down, and the court room process. Although Capote sees the death penalty as wrong in this case, Dick and Perry deserved to die because of what they did to the Clutter family and town of Holocomb.

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History – World Wars: Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor is a naval base in Hawaii near Honolulu in the middle of the Pacific Ocean in the United States. Pearl Harbor rests closer to the US borders in terms of mileage compared to Japan (Hoyt, 2008). It is 2,000 miles away from the United states mainland but twice as far from Japan.

Pearl Harbor came to the limelight after a surprise military attack against the U.S naval base by the Japanese forces on 7th December 1941 (Hoyt, 2008). The Japanese Navy air Service launched the surprise against the US naval base minutes before 8.00am. Though the attack was unexpected, a war between the two countries had been brewing for years. There had been signs of war for a long time. The Japanese government believed it needed to expand its territories and take over the neighboring country's import market as a way of addressing its economic and demographic challenges.

Japan lacked natural resources. They relied on the US to supply many essential and natural resources. The two countries had entered into a commercial treaty in 1911, which elapsed in January 1940 (Hoyt, 2008). A foreign and military policy against the States seemed a viable solution for Japan as an alternative way of getting the much-needed supplies. The Northern part of China was rich in minerals and oil. The Japanese superiority complex over other Asian nations also influenced their decision to dominate other Asian countries. Consequently, the Japanese government declared war against China leading to devastating effects including the Nanking massacre. On the other hand, the US was displeased with Japanese government handling of the Chinese issue. The US government responded to these acts by imposing economic sanctions and trade embargoes against Japan. The rationale for this approach was that Japan would have to rethink its expansionism goal once it lacked access to oil and other essential supplies.

On the contrary, the tension between the two countries heightened after the punitive measures taken against Japan. Robinson notes war seemed inevitable even during diplomatic negotiations. The US became increasingly alarmed by Japan's aggression when the latter signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy (Schroeder, 2017). The treaty meant that Japan had joined an alliance with member countries fighting the European war. Though the US purported to be neutral, it was obvious which side it supported. For instance, Britain had received money and arms from the US government under the lend-lease agreement (Robinson). Up to the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, the United States had taken a back seat on the war. However, after the attack, the U.S actively joined the war.

US intelligence, as well as other nations, never imaged an attack at Pearl Harbor owing to its location. The popular notion was that war was likely to erupt from distant islands of Hawaii. Unfortunately, the less than two-hour attack left over 20 American naval vessels destroyed and more than 2,000 fatalities including civilians. Robinson reports of 1000 wounded people. Japan served less than 100 deaths from the attack. The US government under President Franklin D Roosevelt declared war on Japan the day after the attack.

Pearl Harbor was an easy target for the Japanese because it was relatively undefended. First was the assumption that no enemy would strike a base so close to home. Secondly, the Pacific Fleet had a hundred airplanes, and several battleships squeezed onto the adjacent airfield. The Japanese believed that the US would be crippled if the Pacific Fleet were destroyed. Furthermore, the Japanese forces would have time to spread across the South Pacific attacking other bases without facing any counterattack from the American troops. Japan also intended to invade other Asian countries including the Philippines, Burma, and Malaya (Robinson). Such an invasion meant going to war with the US. Therefore attacking the Pearl Harbor was a means to an end; a means that would allow the Japanese government enough time and space to conquer these targets. Japan expected to garner enough time to secure the resources she needed by destroying America's Pacific Fleet.

Though America's battleships on the harbor suffered significant damage, the attack did not entirely cripple the Pacific Fleet. Most of the Fleet's carriers were away from the base on the day of the attack. The Japanese troops also failed to destroy necessary onshore facilities such as repair shops, oil depots and submarine docks among others. Furthermore, Robinson notes aircraft carriers were the most significant naval vessels at the time as opposed to battleships. These three factors combined made it easy for the US Navy to get back on its feet relatively quickly.

Instead of getting the US to lift the economic sanctions, the attack contributed to America's decision to join the Second World War. The US entry into the War came barely two years after the start of the war (Robinson). It also contributed to the invasion of Japan by a foreign power. Japan received support from its European allies, Germany and Italy, who declared war on the United States (Schroeder, 2017).

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor and its Impact on America

In December 1941, Pearl Harbor was assaulted by the Japanese. It was the result of a progression of occasions which conveyed strain among Japan and America to breaking point. Japan was a nation developing in power and stature and America before long came to understand that this development could demonstrate a danger to them. America meant to stop Japan's development in its tracks as they understood that in the event that the circumstance was left to advance any longer, the circumstance might be out of their control. Notwithstanding, it tends to be contended that by not truly managing this risk until the 1940's, America had left things past the point of no return and confronted a rival who might not withdraw.

Nobody suspected that Japan would begin a war with an assault on American soil. President Franklin Roosevelt called December 7, 1941, multi day which will live in infamy. Pearl Harbor was assaulted by the Japanese on December 7, 1941; only 200 miles from Oahu. Hawaii and Japan are around 4,000 miles separated. This attack kept going two brief hours. The shelling murdered in excess of 2,300 Americans and sank or stranded 12 ships and annihilated 9. Additionally, 160 flying machine were wrecked and 150 others were harmed.

The assaulting planes came in two waves; the primary hit its objective at 7:53 AM, the second at 8:55. By 9:55 it was everywhere. The greater part of the American officers and mariners were either having breakfast in the chaos lobbies or still in their night robe when the assault started. The main rush of the Japanese warriors, dive-bombers, and torpedo planes came at 7:53 and comprised of 183 planes. Around an hour after the main wave, there were 167 fleets came to help. The fight was unavoidable. Like easy targets, the fight ships: Arizona, Nevada, California, Tennessee, Maryland, West Virginia, Oklahoma, and ex ship Utah were not ready for the Japanese attack.

The Japanese fleet had wrecked 188 planes, 3 unit cruisers, 8 ships, 3 unit destroyers and 1 minelayer. There were 350 planes conveyed to this place, however the Japan just lost 29 air ships. At the point when the Pearl Harbor attack was finished, each warship USS Arizona, USS California, USS Maryland, USS Nevada, USS Oklahoma, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee, USS Utah, and USS West Virginia-had continued harm.

The precise following day, President Roosevelt conveys a speech to congress that will be known as the "Day of infamy" speech.Japan has therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves" . Because of this speech, Congress pronounces war on the Domain of Japan with a 82-0 vote from the Senate, and a 388-1 vote from the house of representatives .This activity is reflects what the American individuals were feeling around then, and the degree of their shame. Secretary Knox at that point endeavors to rally general society trying to energize confidence in the United States government all together for more help.

After the assault on Pearl Harbor, a few Americans suspected that the Japanese would return and dispatch a full scale attack on the Pacific shore of the United States. The consistent victories all over East Asian in the previous couple of years influenced Japan to appear to be relatively relentless. The two citizens and the military had some uncertainty about where the loyalties of the Japanese Americans as of now living in the United States.

Three days after the assault, Germany and Italy proclaimed war on the United States. The Congress passed another joint goals which authoritatively joined the US in World War II. By January 1942, the Japanese had arrived in Manila. American powers held out until the point when early May until the point when they were compelled to surrender. This brought about the Bataan Death March in which a huge number of Philippine and Americans walked 65 miles to a Japanese jail camp.

As of now, President Roosevelt was experiencing tremendous emotional of American Prestige in the Pacific. In the meantime he was endeavoring to respect his responsibility with the British Alliance against Hitler. Before Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt concurred that the thrashing of the Nazi guideline in Germany must be the main need. Until the point that America could recover from the huge naval misfortunes because of Pearl Harbor and assemble towards a two-front war, the choice was made to acknowledge the loss of the Philippines, Wake, and Guam and furthermore to center around a guarded triangle that included The Alaska, Hawaii, and Panama.

The unexpected assault had been a huge reminder and a tremendous activation of the country's labor and mechanical potential. Young fellows were gotten for battle obligation and ladies volunteered for help obligations. Indeed, even before that tragic Sunday morning, America had been preparing. Between July 1, 1940 and July 1945, the Unified States had made an extraordinary number of 296,601 air ship, 71,060 boats, and 85,388 tanks. Ladies, obviously, did their part with working in safeguard plants doing modern and hard work that had beforehand had just been finished by men, in this manner finishing the contention that a lady's place was always in her home. As America arranged for war, another contention was likewise settled. Isolationists could never again say that America should avoid outside entanglements and war.

The main thing left to do was to overcome the suspects of the assault that had brought about the demise of 2,000 Americans. In nature of doubt and suspicion that had come about because of the assault, America's administration disbanded the pro Nazi German-American Association. American nationals of Japanese descent were compelled to migrate from the West Coast, because of the fear of being spies.

As more awful news originated from the Far East, the national energy and reason from America became more stronger. Volunteers of the Red Cross, Irving Berlin energetic tunes, addresses, and serious exertion to activate the US were each of the a piece of the outrageous requirement for America to demonstrate that she could battle back at Japan. Out of this time of dissatisfaction a thought had developed for a striking besieging attack on Tokyo by Colonel James Doolittle that will be known as the Doolittle raid.

In spite of the fact that, the Doolittle raid did little harm to the Japanese city and had no impact on the result of the war, the mental impact on America and national good was electric. The stunning accomplishment of B-25 medium planes from the deck of the plane carrying warship Hornet that was 670 miles from Tokyo totally energized American residents who were anxious to get any uplifting news of the war's first year.

Most definitely, America's reaction to 'the date which will live in infamy' was stun transformed into outrage and resolve. The Japanese Naval commander, Isoroku Hamamoto, was the man who had arranged and prevailing in the assault on Pearl Harbor. It is said that Chief of naval operations Hamamoto stated,'I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and to fill him with terrible resolve.' Nobody has ever checked if the words were composed or talked, yet paying little heed to how they appeared, they were prophetic. America's quality in the long run prompted the entire thrashing of Japanese, German, and Italian one party rule and made the United States gain its high rank post-war reputation as a genuine power. The movie Pearl Harbor says, 'America endured, yet America became more stronger.'

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Humanity of Jesus in the New Testamen

Many people will question, “If Jesus was human how was he perfect?”, or “How can he be the Son of God if he was human?”. Many of the questions that people ask that revolve around Jesus all question his humanity. How could he be the Messiah if he was a man, many will wonder. In this essay I will talk about the humanity of Jesus in the New Testament. The Man, Jesus Christ: Although He was the Son of God, the Bible tells us that Jesus chose to come down to earth in the form of a man. It is written that He had a human nature and a human will, but that He overcame and never sinned. Because of this overcoming life, He was able to overcome death and today He is seated at the right hand side of His Father in heaven. All of this is crucial to the Christian belief. Because Christ was able to overcome sin as man of flesh just like us, this means that it is possible for us to live the same life that He did here on Earth. “By this you know the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesses that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is of God, and every spirit that does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is not of God.” 1 John 4:2-3. In this scripture we see Jesus came in flesh, meaning he came as a man. We also see in John 8:29-40, Jesus refers to himself as man “Jesus said to them, “If you were Abraham’s children, you would do the works of Abraham. But now you seek to kill Me, a Man who has told you the truth which I heard from God.”. There are no doubts in my mind that Jesus was man. Many people were a witness to his death as well. There are so many documents and reports of the people that lived in the same period of time as Jesus of his existence. So at this point I think there is no need to work on proving His existence as man, but instead how could he be the Son of God if He was man. Docetism, which denied the humanity of Jesus, was a larger threat to early orthodox Christianity. Docetism was the belief that Jesus was not genuinely human, that He merely “seemed” or “appeared” to possess human nature. This teaching arose very early and was probably the object of the Apostles’ rebuttal in 1 John. Gnosticism found its roots in this school of thought. Ignatius early on fought this way of thinking, insisting that Jesus “was really born, and ate, and drank, was really persecuted by Pilate, was really crucified and died, and really rose from the dead” (Ignatius).On the other side of the spectrum, came Apollinarianism, which denied the full humanity of Jesus. This view held that Christ had just one nature and that nature was mostly divine. Jesus was not really a man but only appeared to be such. This view was quickly condemned by Orthodoxy at the Council of Rome in A.D. 377 because it undermined the complete effectiveness of Christ’s salvation. The most famous phrase in the removal of Apollinarianism was that of Gregory of Nazianzus, “What has not been assumed cannot be restored; it is what is united with God that is saved” (Gregory of Nazianzus, Epistles, 101). This view was critical in that if Christ did not assume the whole of human nature, the effectiveness of His redemptive work was undermined. If Jesus had used His deity to live out His humanity, He would not have been fully human. He would have been less or more than human. Instead, He “shared in our humanity” (Heb. 2:14) and “he had to be made like them, fully in every way” (Heb. 2:17). Jesus, with His sinless nature throughout His earthly life, experienced all of life as we do. He did not utilize His divine power to live out His human life on earth. Jesus was that second Adam, who lived in a world filled by sin, greed, lust, and pride, just like us. And yet He did not sin. Surely Christ’s miracles are proof that Jesus used His deity. Jesus could not have done all of His miracles without using His divine powers, right? Not necessarily. They are proof that He is the Christ sent from His Father (John 10:25) but Jesus in His own words tells us that He did nothing in and of Himself—everything He did was done through His Father and in submission to His Father’s desires.

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The Life of a Single Parent

Contents

Thesis Statement
Audience
Justification
Emotional Valence on Mother's
Divorce Rates & Why?
Married Parents & the Outcomes
The absence of Father/Mother figure as far as one income
Ella May Wiggins & Her journey of being a Single Parent
References:

Ashlee Stutts Ms. Kao East Carolina University 5 November 2018 The Life of a Single Parent Introduction- In the early 1900's, the united states was not a very preferable place to be living for many different reasons. Hunger, poverty, worry, and passion are the perfect words describing what it was like in the 1900's. Many people struggled living distressed, never knowing what the next ""step"" for their families would be, whether it be for the better or worse. In the 1900's it was rare to see a woman raising her kids alone, or a man providing to his family without a wife. In modest terms this would be called ""single parenting"". People in that time era would view single parenting as incredibly brave and valiant for one to do.

Thesis Statement

Reflecting back on single parenting in the 1920's, it has changed for the parent and the child in their social, mental and living conditions making it harder on the parent to insure their child grows up to meet the highest standard. Once single parenting started to become rather common, parents began to struggle to keep their children fed, including their selves. In most cases this caused them to work in mills and sacrifice their life for the lives of their children. This was a very audacious action to take for the circumstances they would be in.

Audience

In this essay, I am targeting single parents, not only that but also current parents who are still married and maybe thinking about getting a divorce. Explaining the effect that it has on the children with their social interactions and mental developments. I will also be explaining the effects it has on the parent. Often people feel more sympathy for the child, but in most cases the parent is the one suffering because of the drastic change they have to go through and the new responsibilities they gain. I would like this to be an eye opener so parents who maybe thinking of getting a divorce, rethink and work things out with their loved ones.

Justification

The importance of my essay is that every family should look at morals and how they have drastically changed over time, whether it be single parenting or the divorce rates rocketing. It is very obvious that parenting is not easy but single parenting is no joke. The argument I am trying to persuade is something that should not be argued against, this is our future and we all want to see a change. Ella May Wiggin's Experience of Single Parenting- Ella May is the big reason I chose to use the word passion in the description of the 1900's, to me she shows how much passion she has for giving her family the best life she could. She was so willing and ready to see a change in what she called hers. In this paper, we will be looking back at the different ways of life and how they went about the trials and tribulations they faced. Just as Ella may having to raise her children by her lonesome, knowing that the dependence was all on her. We will also be focusing on single parenting and the way it is viewed in modern day. Single parenting in the 1920's- Single parenting in the 1900's wasn't a very common thing. In early times most, people were all about tradition, and of course single parenting was not part of the ""tradition"".

Single parenting did not earn that title until the late 1940's according to Linda Gordon (Single Parenthood, 1900, p 2). Single parenting in the early 1900's wasn't as hard as it seems to be now, no papers had to be signed, child support didn't exist, it was just a different gist than what we are used to in modern day. In the 1900's single parenting was more common for African Americans rather than for Caucasians, and this statistic is true because they would get beaten to death when in slavery and they were more prone to catching a disease. Single parents were usually single ""mothers"" because fathers in the early 1900's, leave their wife and children for one women. Women would very well struggle simply because they would have to go out, find a job, sacrifice their life just to make sure their children had food on the table. Single parenting was definitely a struggle in the 1900's and also a situation you wouldn't want to find yourself in. Single Parenting in Today's society- In today's society single parenting is just another ""thing"" It is rather normal than not normal, and it is rather common than non-common and that to me is awfully sad. For numerous reasons such as the family is being broken, the child is made to learn a new routine, the person who was left is broken. So much is changed for the parent and the child and sometimes it can't be changed. Meier stated that in modern day society single parent households increased from 9% in 1960 to 28% in 2000 (Meier, 2016, p 2).

I can only imagine how much it has gone up since 2000, it has almost been 19 years. The reason I believe for most split-up families in modern day society would be technology. Technology has so much to offer such as pornography which is a vast reason for many breakups in today's society, there's also adequate amounts of dating websites that many married men may use, simply because ""it's at the touch of their fingertips"". Single parenting is the result in all of this. The Children's Point of View including my own- I can connect with the child's point of view of having a single parent. Divorce isn't easy for any person, it doesn't just affect the parents it impacts the children such as I very drastically. My parents got separated when I turned eight making both of my parent's single parents, and I am very bad with any change that is thrown at me, so this part of my life had to be one of the hardest/drastic things I have ever been through. It was hard because I never knew where I would stay next whether it be with my mom or my dad or my nanny or my papa, it's very sad because the child never signs up to go through such a drastic change at such a young age. It affected my academic and my social life simply because I was always worried about my ""mommy and daddy"". Lee Kimmons stated, ""Children have the strong belief that there is only one right family relationship, and that is Mom and Dad being together"" (Kimmons, 1986, p 2.). In this being said, that is what most children including myself felt. Through my experience I went through a hard time watching my sweet Mom cry every night, and me being only 8 years old comprehended so much during this time, it's not the child that only needs to be looked at through the suffrage it's the parent too.

Emotional Valence on Mother's

Single parent affects the parent more than you could ever imagine. Think about it They just lost their family, they are now a one income household, they're budgeting changes, and most importantly they worry about the custody of their kids. Meier states that ""Females are more likely to play a Role in single parenting than any Male"" (Meier, 2016, p 1). In this being said she also says that ""Single mothers report less happiness and more sadness, stress, and fatigue in parenting than partnered mothers"" (Meier, 2016, p 1). Mothering experiences are generally associated with high levels of emotional well-being, although single parenthood is associated with differences in the emotional valence. Emotional Valence of single parenting is essentially the ""good""-ness and the ""bad""-ness of the event or situation the mother or father may be in, ""rather known as the specific emotions of ones doing"". (Meier, 2016, p 1). In all of this being said divorce may be distinguished as being worse in terms for the child, but if you will focus on some of the statistics, the parent in the situation often times has it worse in the emotional state than people have gratitude for.

Divorce Rates & Why?

In the Single Parenthood article, it explained ""As of 2004 68% of children lived with two married parents"" (Single Parenthood, 1900, p 2). This has drastically changed in the past 14 years. The Population Reference Bureau explained ""In 2018 34% of children lived with two married parents"" (n.d., 2001, p 2). This shows us that morals have changed, especially since the 1920's such as when Ella May Wiggins was a single parent, it was very rare to hear of. But now it seems as it is perfectly normal. The reason it is more heard of now is the reason that it is more socially acceptable, and most women and men have higher expectations than should be of their spouse, instigating a separation of marriage.

Married Parents & the Outcomes

Couples that prolong their marriage usually end up having exceedingly successful children in school and it their future jobs and in their own marriages. Crouse explained ""A family that is united is better at giving their children unconditional love and a solid foundation of nurturing, training, and discipline that will enable them to reach their fullest potential"" (Crouse, 2017, p 3). This being said it may seem easy to conclude that marriage wields some vast power over a child's life, but in reality, the question often asked is why are children of married parents more likely to thrive? Crouse stated that ""A child learns from their parent's doings, whether how they budget, how they treat other (such as their spouse) and also how their attitudes are when being conjoined with one another"" (Crouse, 2017, p 1). Crouse explained that ""when it comes to children, it is really all about the basics of a mother and father within a committed marriage"" (Crouse, 2017, p 1). And in all seriousness single parenting doesn't allow your kids to fail, because any child has the potential to fail their parents and their self in a married household or not it is just factual that in most cases children in married households have a high potential to succeed in things than children in single parent households.

The absence of Father/Mother figure as far as one income

The absence of a Mother/Father figure can really hurt the child but also the parent who may still be present in the child's life. The ""Absence of a Mother/Father"" essentially means that the parent has abandoned his or her child and has failed to come in contact with them. According to Dlugonski, he stated that ""An absent parent refers to non-custodial parent who is obligated to pay partial child support and who is physically absent from the child's home."" (Dlugonski, 2017 p. 7). Thinking about the child in this case would struggle emotionally, simply because the child may feel unwanted, and often times very questionable about the situation they may be in. The parent who is still present in the child's life has it harder financially, simply because often times people who are due to pay child support either get behind, or don't think they owe the parent anything at all since they have no contact with the child But it isn't true, single parents struggle financially because they are depending on their paycheck to pay for their bills. Their needs. Their child's needs and whatever else may be thrown at them. Ella May is an example of this, she was a single mother of a one income household knowing that everyone depended on her. Absence of the parent as far as one income becomes very stressful at times, making it very reliable to believe that the parent has financial issues with being the only one present in their child/child's life.

Ella May Wiggins & Her journey of being a Single Parent

In, The Last Ballad, Ella May Wiggins is a Single Mother of four children, her husband left her because he did not like living in the poor black community, making her a single parent. She worked a miserable job at the local mill topping nine dollars a week. She and her four children lived in very rough conditions, a small shack in a mostly black community called Stumptown. While working in the mill Ella May had no one to take care of her children so the care taking was left up to the eldest child who went by the name ""Lilly Wiggins"", In chapter 2 of The Last Ballad, Lilly explained how their daddy left them, and said ""Mother with four children, had no time to look after, one already passed away working a full time job at the mill there in Bessemer City, which back then meant she worked six days a week, probably seventy hours, maybe more sometimes If they needed her and she needed money, causing me to work just as much as her with my siblings"" (Cash, 2017, p. 54). Looking back on what Lilly explained parenting was hard back then, but single parenting effected the child more than the parent. Such as Lilly, she was stuck with a full-time job just as her mother. In today's society it is very rare you see a child raising a child such as a sibling raising a sibling such as Lilly. She was a hard worker who put down her life for her siblings, this shows that single parenting in the 1920's (Ella mays time) was rather hard for the child but not for the parent in the ""parenting situation"". Who is it harder on? The purpose of this argument was to prove that in modern day society it is harder on the parent whether it be the Mother or the Father. Meier states on page ""Mothers are more often single parents than fathers, and there is greater variation in their employment hours, each of which is associated with greater demands at home"" (Meier, 2016, p 2). In this being said mothers are far more into their children's life than any father figure is simply because they feel they are not privileged to do anything that the mother may already be doing. Throughout this article it talks about the statistics of single parenting, the employment statuses of single parenting, their emotional well-being, and their time use.

Single Mothers and Fathers go through different stages according to Meier ""throughout a year of separation a single parent goes through or than 20 physical and mental changes"". (Meier, 2016, p 1). When Meier is explaining this, it puts things in perspective, single parents often have to adjust to new lifestyles because often time they can not financially afford the house their family was living in because they had two incomes, and often times when they di stay in that specific house, they suffer mentally from the memories they may have had. They often times have to worry about their financial state, how one income will pay for them and also their child's needs, they have to worry about their child being taken by the other parent. Single parenting Is just a big change that often times people don't realize until they go through it their selves, and it is something America needs to improve, the rates should decrease rather than increase and we would all see a change in our future, because our know what? Our future is our children, so make a difference. My View on Single Parenting- Single Parenting in my perception, will never be fixed at the rate I and the nation would like to see, simply because America will never be able to fix a rapidly increasing issue, unless it is made ""illegal"" which is very doubtful. No matter the time period, single parenting will always be an issue worldwide whether it be for the child, the mother or the father. It is time to contemplate on the actions of the children who are living in single parent households, and realize it is time to come together as one to develop a child with goals, discipline and the right role models to create a greater future for our nation.

References:

Cash, W. (2017). The last ballad. New York , NY: Harperluxe. (Chapters 1-2,7-10) --Cash, W. (2017). Chapter two: ""Ella May"". The Last Ballad: A novel (pp. 45-61). New York, NY: HarperCollins. Crouse, J. (2017).

Children at Risk: The Precarious State of Childrens Well-being in America. Routledge. Dlugonski, D., Martin, T., Mailey, E., & Pineda, E. (2017). Motives and Barriers for Physical Activity among Low-Income Black Single Mothers. Sex Roles, 77(5-6), 379-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0718-7

Kimmons, L., & Gaston, J. A. (1986). Single Parenting: A Filmography. Family Relations, 35(1), 205. Retrieved from --Meier, A., Musick, K., Flood, S., & Dunifon, R. (2016, May 05).

Mothering Experiences: How Single Parenthood and Employment Structure the Emotional Valence of Parenting. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-016-0474-x

Population Reference Bureau, (2001). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://assets.prb.org/wpds/ --Single Parenthood in 1900. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/036319909101600201

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Single Parent Households Problems

There are many problems in the United States right now, but I think a major problem that many people don't talk about is single parent households. According to a new Pew Research

Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data, the amount of U.S. children living with an unmarried parent has more than doubled since 1968, jumping from 13% to 32% in 2017. I don’t think everyone understands all the stress and issues that getting a divorce and being a single parent has, as my parents are divorced and you just wish sometimes that your parents could just be happy with each other, but knowing that won't happen is tough.

Children of single parents face adjustment difficulties at home and school. During the first few years after divorce, children have increased rates of anxiety, aggression, and difficulties in school, than their two-parent counterparts. Multiple sources, both scientific and empirical, state children of single-parent families have lower test scores and higher school dropout rates than children from two-parent families. Additionally, children of single-parent households have higher rates of absenteeism and overall lower education levels. They also suffer from decreased motivation. Additionally, children of single parents seem to have more difficulty forming relationships with their peers. Once they’re mature, they are more likely to marry and have children early, then divorce; and girls from single-parent families have a greater chance of becoming single mothers, themselves. Fortunately, despite the mixed findings on long-term effects, it seems the majority of children from single-parent families adjust and don't experience severe long-term effects.

Single parents seem to continually be arguing, both publicly and privately, and for those needing assistance, it can be even more intense. The greatest issue is, once again, poverty. The pressures of constantly worrying about money causes intense stress. Add to this the sadness parents in poverty experience when they have to say ""no"" to their children's needs and wants, and it's easy to see how poverty can become overwhelming. Loneliness is another challenge single parents face. Not only is the single parent unable to share day-to-day difficulties and responsibilities with the other parent, they cannot share the joys either. If the parent is single due to death or tragedy, it can be even more difficult and isolating. And it may surprise some people to know that a sense of loss can accompany single-parent status. Becoming a single parent is a big life change, and we tend to remember more good things than bad when we reflect. There is also a chance that conflict with the other parent will continue, particularly over visitation and support issues. If the other parent is controlling, a custody battle can result, often going back and forth for years. This happened with my parents, where I didnt get to see my mom for like 6 months, which was very hard for me.

According to the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics Forum (childstats.gov), nearly 30 percent of children were part of a single-parent family in 2006. In the bulk of those single-parent families, primary caregivers were mothers. Currently, there is a very limited amount of information available on the effects single-parent family situations have on children. Divorce increased in the 1960s and 1970s, prompting a study on how divorce impacts children that were forced into single-parent households. The study on the effects of divorce on children was made by Paul R. Amato, a professor of Sociology at Pennsylvania State University. Differentiating between the different groups is important because families vary depending on how children were raised. For example, in his article published in The Future of Children, Amato writes that children of divorced parents that were not aware of their parents’ marital difficulties suffer greater adverse effects than those who have been exposed to the ongoing deterioration of their parents’ relationship. Sociologists undoubtedly do their best to consider all possible variables before providing answers to complicated questions. Arlene Skolnick and Stacey Rosencranz worked together on a study monitoring the effects of divorce on children. The project results revealed that, though the single-parent lifestyle is associated with many problems facing children, the causes to the problems themselves are different.

I don't know if your parents are divorced or not, but if not I think you should be very thankful. You should be thankful that you know when you come home you will have two parents to support you. I hope the rate of Single parent households goes down so that people can have an amazing childhood and not have to worry about things some children have to. Lastly, I ask that you love your parents with all your heart because they have done so much for you and love you so much.

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Impact of Divorce and Single Parent Households

Today, about 40-50% of marriages end in divorce. While divorces can save some people from a bad marriage, divorces affect the children and the rest of society negatively. Decades of research shows that the children of married families are the ones to have better physical, emotional and academic well-being. Adults now believe that marriage is old-fashion and constricting. Adults also assume that if they aren't personally happy anymore, and they do not want to put in the effort to fix their marriage, they can easily have a divorce and the children will be able to adapt and there will be no major consequences to the family. This is not true. Divorces and single-parent households affect the children, parents, and all of society.

Children of divorced families end up living their whole lives feeling isolated, being physically unwell, and having lower academic scores than other students. The US National Library of Medicine clearly lists the negative impacts on children, whether it's physical, emotional or academic related. Children lose time with their parents since one parent does not live with them anymore, and the other spends most of their time working to earn enough money. Most of the time, the children go to live with the mother after the divorce, which puts the mother in a harder position to earn money, and the father rarely sees the children and then the children lose that connection of a father. The children may also have to endure the loss of economic security. This does not only mean that the family income decreases after divorce, but it also means that the kids may have to completely change their lifestyle. They may have to change schools, move into a smaller house, and have less to eat or less to play with, which is a major change for children and could cause some emotional distress. Children can be abused and neglected, which results in a physically unhealthy child. Children can experience serious emotional distress from a divorce, like develop a psychiatric disorder, develop an alcohol or drug addiction, or commit or attempt suicide. After the divorce, children's depression and anxiety worsen and the children's self-concept and social relations decrease. Children also stop putting a priority on school and grades, which results in lower GPAs and more school dropouts. There are more long-term consequences to divorces to children. Because of divorces, the children are more likely to have problems in their own relationships in the future. According to a study done by Bruce J. Ellis from the Department of Psychology in the University of Canterbury, Girls whose fathers left the home before they were five years old were eight times more likely to become pregnant as adolescents than girls from intact families (qtd. In Anderson). Boys have higher rates of sexually transmitted disease, mainly due to the boys having sex at a younger age. Children of divorced parents do not view marriage as a lifelong commitment and as something that is important (Anderson).

Divorces don't only affect the children, but they affect the parents negatively as well. Wallerstein J.S. from Boston conducted a study that demonstrated that those who were unhappy in their marriage when first surveyed, but remained married, were likely to have an improved relationship and be happier five years later than those who divorced (qtd. In Anderson). After divorces, both parents physical health goes down, and some even turn to alcohol and drugs. The chances of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease increase after divorces. Parents also have less income now to provide for themselves and their kids. In the Wallerstein's study, it says that divorces have long-term emotional effects for parents, such as extreme hate for their former spouses, feeling that life is unfair and disappointing, and feeling lonely (qtd. In Anderson).

Divorce is so common and since it affects the whole family, there are many individuals out in the world suffering from the effects of divorce, which affects society as a whole. Michele Vrouvas' article called The Effects of Divorce on Society explains that divorces impacts how children view marriage and they may not want to be married and have a family in the future, which will disrupt society's social harmony (Vrouvas).

Overall, having a divorce has a lot of consequences and effects children, parents, and society alike. Society should prevent frivolous divorces and try to help mend relationships between spouses, therefore when the people who truly need divorces have them, the people around them will become happier and the people that decided to give their relationship another chance will ultimately be happy again.

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Pearl Harbor could it be Avoided

A date which will live in infamy, according to President Franklin Roosevelt has changed December 7, 1941from any ordinary day to the day that the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and reluctantly drew the United States into World War II. Until that attack, the United States was sending reinforcements and supplies to Britain to help with their defense against the German advancing lines. The allies consisted of Britain, USSR, and United States, but the axis consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Japan perceiving Germany had advanced their fronts through Belgium, the Netherlands and into France; but Japan was also irate at the United States for implementing the embargo. The United States suspected Japan's intentions but did not foresee the Japanese plan. Pearl Harbor could not have been prevented due to failure of diplomacy, the American embargo, and the Japanese intransigence with regard to occupation of Manchuria.

But like previous efforts, these negotiations collapsed on the rock of irreconcilable interests. Japan would not totally retreat from the Asian mainland and return to a pinched and poverty-stricken existence in its overpopulated islands. According to the article Pearl Harbor The First Energy War, it stated that The United States could not accept to a compromise that left Japan in possession of any part of China. However, a three months moratorium, a modus vivendi, leaving all forces in place, was left on the table. But on November 26th, after Japan took more locations in Indo-China (Vietnam), Secretary Hull shocked the Japanese envoys with an abrupt change to earlier demands, including complete Japanese withdrawal from all of China. This was known as The Ten-Point Proposal.

Throughout these events, the President and close advisers - the secretaries of State, War and Navy, and the Chief of Staff of the Army and Chief of Naval Operations - had been observing every update of Japanese policy through signals intelligence. American cryptographers had broken the Japanese diplomatic code, and thereafter, these decoded messages to Japan's overseas posts, styled MAGIC, were on Secretary Hull's desk within a few hours of receipt and translation. As such, the President and his advisors knew of Japan's intention to take drastic measures if negotiations fell through. The Japanese military codes were still un-deciphered, but troop movements implied an invasion of Malaysia, the Dutch East Indies, and perhaps the Philippines on the weekends of December 1st and 7th. However, there were no signs of an attack on the United States.

The American military had received word about the Japanese on the early afternoon of Pearl Harbor with a warning, but they ignored it.

it reached General Short right away, who in turn sent a copy to Admiral Kimmel. It was a cable from General Marshall in Washington, filed at the Army Signal Center at 12:01 (6:31 A.M., Hawaii time) and received by Honolulu RCA at 7:33 A.M., just 22 minutes before the attack. It said that the Japanese were presenting an ultimatum at 1:00 P.M., Eastern Standard Time (7:30 A.M. in Honolulu) and helpfully explained, Just what significance the hour set may have we do not know, but be on the alert accordingly Admiral Kimmel told the Army courier that it wasn't of the slightest interest any more and threw it in the waste basket.

Without any other reconsideration, the admiral did not believe it was possible, but it became reality without any recourse from the military.

Japan took steps to lower its oil dependence on the United States. Civilian consumption was cut from 6-7 million barrels per year to 1.6 million. By diversifying their supply sources from the United States, they managed to reduce the proportion of oil imports to 60 per cent by the end of 1940. But disruptions of the oil market due to competing demands of neutral and warring countries alike, and without the accessibility of remaining sources, a search for alternatives was essential. For years Japan had cast a covetous eye on the oil reserves of the Dutch East Indies.

The U.S. policy was to avoid war with Japan. If this policy changed, the steps could become a means of provoking Japan to attack the United States. US leaders considered an oil embargo the heaviest of sanctions short of war. Roosevelt had first been advised to order one after Japan's invasion of China in 1937. Analysis of an oil embargo's likely effects was mainly the responsibility of the State Department. US Ambassador Grew warned that an oil embargo was hazardous to our national policy and economic pressure could drive Japan to war.

Roosevelt agreed that some embargoes were too risky, and did not consider and oil embargo seriously.

During the summer of 1940, his son Elliott urged and embargo on scrap iron and he replied: If were suddenly to stop our sales of scrap iron to Japan, she would be within her rights in considering [it] an unfriendly act, that we were choking off and starving her commercially. Even more, she'd be entitled to consider such sufficient cause to break off diplomatic relations with us. I'll go even further. If she thought we were sufficiently unprepared she might even use it as an excuse to declare war.

The president added that the navy and army were unprepared at the time. Nonetheless he proceeded to embargo scrap iron and steel to Japan that September.

Meanwhile, in September 1940, the Konoye government dispatched a large mission to Batavia (Dutch East Indies) with 'proposals' for access to raw materials on a greatly increased scale, with oil to be given top priority. The Japanese reliance on the export of oil from the Indies and America is demonstrated by this statement from Charles Maechling Jrs article: Before the outbreak of the war, Japanese imports from the Indies had been running at about 4.5 million barrels annually. Japan now demanded a guarantee of 22 million barrels- a figure almost exactly equal to Japan's oil dependence on the United States. America had to become concerned when the increase in the demand for oil from the Japanese, but the invasion of French Indochina had pushed the United States too far, causing them to enforce the Embargo Act of 1941 in an attempt to stop the Japanese in their efforts to control the Pacific.

A series of economic embargoes, by the British and Dutch, reached a climax in July 1941, when the Japanese army moved into French Indochina. These embargoes cut off 75 percent of Japan's foreign trade and 90 percent of its oil. President Roosevelt announced that only when Indochina was evacuated and the fighting halted in China would the embargoes be lifted. This was a hard line, far too hard for the Japanese militarists to swallow.

Since the Japanese creation of Manchukuo in 1932, the United States became the primary opponent of Japanese expansion in Asia. Under the Stimson Doctrine, the United States had refused to acknowledge the puppet regime in Manchukuo and looked on the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere scheme with hostility and moral outrage. These attitudes were reinforced by the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the Japanese army in Manchukuo (Manchuria). As it was stated in Maechling's article, Japan's advance into Manchuria in the early 1930s, then into China and South-East Asia, was based in part on a relentless search for raw materials that were not available at home. The Japanese occupation of Manchuria had fueled a fire that would eventually result in Japan invading French Indochina and the attack on Pearl Harbor that had changed the tide of World War II with the arrival of the United States.

The Japanese understood that the Western powers viewed them and other Asians as inferior and suitable for exploitation. To improve their position, they sought, and eventually won, alliances with Western powers. For example, in a 1905 agreement, Japan accepted U.S. control of the Philippines in return for US recognition of Japanese domination of Korea. This resembled those agreements between European nations, recognizing each other's spheres of influence.

In addition, acting as an ally of the United States and Great Britain, Japan sent troops to China, helping suppress outbreaks of resistance to Western oppression. Then she began to seize pieces of China for herself. Her aims were acquiring additional lands for her growing population, fulfilling dreams of empire, and emulating Western nations in colonial expansion.

The Japanese possibly thought that the embargo would leave the economy of Japan in the negative since the United States had been supplying food and other important items that they needed. The view of President Roosevelt on the war was not including Japan since they were not considered a threat that until that day, even when they said something was going to happen at a specific time. It seemed America would have been going to Europe and fighting when really, Roosevelt did not imagine that Japan would want to do something to the United States. The diplomacy when it came to the embargo was not truly discuss between the two countries though Roosevelt saw that the Japanese siding with Hitler and his domination rule of taking over other countries around him. This aggressive attitude needed a swift decision that would be perceived as a correction and they would cease any more advancement. The Japanese did not see it that way. They aggressively came after the United States by hitting a target that would get the attention of America, causing the events that would draw the Americans into the war. Before the events of Pearl Harbor had happened, the United States had been on the sidelines as a neutral country since the start of World War II.

The Japanese did not think that this surprise attack would be executed without any resistance and be a complete success on their part. America suffered a lot of causalities during the attack on Pearl Harbor. As it was stated in the book Remembering Pearl Harbor, Most importantly, 2,403 Americans were killed, lost, or mortally injured during the attack; 1,178 received non-fatal wounds. The Japanese included in their raid the naval ship and installations such as the airfields. They did not attack any non-fighting ships. It will always remember these brave soldiers on Memorial Day in May and Veteran's Day in November for their sacrifice for freedom for America. This display of carefully crafted strategy demonstrated how much time America would have had if they had prepared for the possibility of a surprise attack of enormous magnitude beforehand. The United States choosing to ignore the warning from the Japanese about the possibility of an attack on Pearl Harbor was one of the reasons why Pearl Harbor had ended up with a lot of causalities for the expense of foolish confidence in the idea that the Japanese were just trying to play a trick on them.

Pearl Harbor could not be prevented due to failure of diplomatic strategies, the American embargo, and the Japanese refusal to end their Manchurian colonization. According to President Roosevelt's speech to Congress on December 8th, 1941, The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its Emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Japan had warned the United States in advance about a possible attack on Pearl Harbor, but the Americans ignored the warning with catastrophic results. Japanese Prime minister Konoe attempted to meet with President Roosevelt to discuss the Embargo Act of August 1941; however the President refused to meet with him until Japan left Manchuria. The Japanese were so desperate in their demand for the removal of the oil embargo that they chose to attack America when they least expected it. Meanwhile, Japan was implementing their Southern Operation that would target Great Britain's facilities in Singapore and American installations in the Philippines and at Pearl Harbor, thus clearing a path for the conquest of the Dutch East Indies for its oil reserves. The Japanese choosing to invade Manchuria, French Indochina, and Dutch East Indies, the Oil Embargo Act of 1941, and the failure of diplomacy on both the American and the Japanese sides were the reasons why the attack on Pearl Harbor could not be prevented.

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Jesus Christ Superstar: a Fresh Modern Take

When NBC decided to take on a live-in-concert version of Jesus Christ Superstar on Easter Sunday, they were taking on a huge task that could easily turn disastrous. The 1970 rock opera album written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice followed by a spectacular movie adaptation by Norman Jewison in 1973 shone a new and controversial light on the days before Jesus' crucifixion. With some disastrous live musicals lurking in the past, Jesus Christ Superstar had a lot to live up too, and ended up being a success in connecting to its audience. A stroke of genius with this task was the decision to perform the musical at the Marcy Avenue Armory in front of a live audience. With a mosh pit at the base of the stage, actors could interact with the audience members through handshakes and high fives. The frenzied energy from the audience buoyed the cast members and sustained vigor and liveliness to the production. This was especially seen with John Legend's first appearance as Jesus Christ. The crowd was encouraged to go wild every time he appeared, thus adding to the idea that Jesus' worshippers were becoming too fanatic. The second part that led to this masterpiece was the casting. In a musical entitled Jesus Christ Superstar, the star of the show was not John Legend, but was Hamilton alum Brandon Victor Dixon starring as a conflicted Judas. John Legend's performance started off slow and his one-note acting held him back during moments that should have carried more emotion. However, he delivered where it most mattered with the beautifully tragic Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say). Dixon, however, captivated the audience throughout the entire production. His performance was powerful in the way that he consistently brought strength and emotion during his character's darkest hours. He finished with a spectacular and stunning rendition of the number Superstar. Dixon's performance proved him to be the real superstar. The other cast members held their own weight. Sara Bareilles lent her gentle strength to her performance of Everything's Alright and I Don't Know How to Love Him. Ben Daniels imbued his role of Pontius Pilate with regality, and later on, with desperation and despair, as he realized he could not save Jesus Christ. A showstopper cameo that added to the nostalgia of this live production was the appearance of Alice Cooper in a gaudy and extravagant orange suit as King Herod. Again, the live audience came into play here as they fell in adoration at King Herod's Song. The set was simple, but largely effective. Scaffolding loomed in the background with the stage clear for the cast's large dance numbers. In one instance, this lack of the set fails. Instead of the traditional temple scene where Jesus destroys the vendors' stalls, Superstar's version is a wooden cross covered in glitter that the cast members writhe upon. This version failed to capture the destruction, the sacrilege committed, and Jesus's true anger at this blasphemy. On the other hand, Jesus' crucifixion was a brilliant feat. He was lifted up in the air, as the walls behind him disappeared in a shape of the cross, and a heavenly light shone down. The creative artistry in this scene was stunning and left the audience with one last divine impression. Jesus Christ Superstar pulled off the miracle of being a successful televised live musical. The musical had a lot to live to up to following the widely popular 1973 movie, and yet, it channeled the nostalgia of the past while connecting to a new audience. With an energetic, multicultural cast littered with pop legends and Broadway stars, the vocal power was spectacular and mesmerizing. The interaction from the live audience lifted the performance to a new level and a new form of art. The resurrection of Jesus Christ Superstar was a superb achievement.

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Children in Single Parent Homes-hurting or Helping them

Single-Parent homes damage the lives of children, adolescents, and even adults. Family, a group consisting of children and two adults living together. But, not every family in the world consists of a father, mother, and a child. In today's world the likelihood of children living in a single-parent home is very natural. In most situations it is occasionally the father absent, especially in African-American homes. In an, ""Academic Achievement of Children in Single Parent Homes: A Critical Review"" Barajas stated, ""U.S. children were living in single-parent families; among African American children, 53% were living with only one parent. The vast majority of these single-parent homes are headed by women. DeBell reported that single-father homes represent only 7% of the total single-parent homes in the country.""(Mark Barajas, 2011) Having just one parent in a child's life can sometimes be enough to make them want to strive to do better in life overall. In all reality, children need both parents in life to have a successful outcome. Single-parent homes disturb children psychologically generating negative effects on the child's mental and emotional health, behavior, and academic achievement.

Single-parent homes affect the mental and emotional health of children. Mental health refers to humans coping with the ability to process information. Emotional health, on the other hand, refers to how humans express the emotions dealing with the information. When living in a single-parent home, children constantly try to live their life to the fullest knowing they do not always have all the support they need. A good mental and emotional health status of your kids needs to be very important factors to consider keeping healthy when going forth in the process of transforming into a single-parent. When a child goes through depression they tend to smoke and try different drugs to make them feel good about themselves. Lirio S. Covey and Debbie Tam stated in, ""Depressive Mood, the Single-Parent Home, and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking,"" ""Depression scores correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. These associations suggest that depressive mood and stress may contribute to the onset of smoking.""(Am J Public Health 1990; 80:1330-1333.) Parents should really keep an eye out for depression and other mental issues their child could go through. Some may complain and some may even disown their children from all of the mistakes they make. Whatever may happen, parents need to go through tough times just so they know to do everything in their power to raise their children into wonderful people of the world.

A number of studies have shown that single-parent households lead to poor or defiant behaviors of children. Children start to develop horrible behavior due to a lack of discipline. Single parenting is a challenge to reinforce rules due to the lack of support from the other spouse. Poor behavior leads to drugs, gangs, and even jail time. Most poor behavior takes place in the opposite gender specific parent; on the other hand, Children tend to act better with their actual gender specific parent. According to the author of Parent“child Gender Matching and Child Psychological Adjustment after Divorce,"" Previous literature has suggested that children may adjust better to living in the same gender parent home as opposed to living in the opposite gender parent home.(Jan Faust) To gain full control over behavioral skills, a child must grow up in a family with a mother and father present. Single-parent families cause juvenile crime, author Robert L. Maginnis states, Children from single-parent families are more likely to have behavior problems because they tend to lack economic security and adequate time with parents.

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Single Parenthood: Definition & Effects

Single parenthood comes with additional responsibilities of handling what the other spouse could have if he or she were around. It can be stressful, draining, demanding in all sorts of ways but if treated with a big heart it can also be rewarding in the aftermath. Besides, it can be much fun filling the void. Nonetheless, there are some negative aspects that come with single parenting lack finances, low self-esteem, and child behavior changes.

Single parenting is a situation where one parent, in the absence of the other for some reasons, must raise his or her children alone. Some parents who are raising children on their own may be limited on funds because they are living off a single income. A lack of finances may mean that kids are forced to miss out on participating in sports leagues or dance classes because the parent can't afford the extra expense. Depending on the number of children who are in the home, it may be challenging to be able to afford new school clothes or tutoring lessons. This added stress of living paycheck to paycheck can put extra pressure on the parent, which can be easy to recognize for the children.

Most kids get their sense of security at home, which affects how they view themselves and the people around them. Due to the circumstances of their childhood, they may begin to have lower self-esteem. They may not understand how to have a healthy marriage later in life if they never lived with both parents or learn to love both despite if one is missing from the picture. Their lack of self-esteem can come from a place of not getting enough attention from their only parent, which can make it difficult to thrive both at home and in school. It's important to recognize the child's achievements and post a report card on the refrigerator or reward them for doing chores around the house to show that you care. Help build them positively. Always ensures minimized elements that break the connection and build it with your kids for a fantastic relationship from the tender age, teenage years to adulthood. One day when they grow up, it will all count, and all the credit will go to the single parent, not two. Remember, the impact left on the child is unique but most significant though the experience might be arduous.

Consequently, this will give your child a different outlook on how to behave. Let them know they will experience disappointments but managing their emotions and embracing with empathy is the path to being compassionate adults. In some cases, children may begin to act out or develop poor behavior due to a lack of discipline in the home. With single parenting, it can be challenging to reinforce as many rules due to a lack of support from your partner. Kids may begin to misbehave at school or can become rebellious during their teenage years. Take time out and talk to them and let them know it's not their fault and, let them know the whole story and support each other.

Thus, single parenting provides the chance of not going through conflicts brought in by the other spouse. There are some negative aspects that come with it lack finances, low self-esteem, and child behavior changes. Nonetheless, raising kids together as a couple is the most beautiful close union on earth. While this life can leave one with low self-esteem on how they go about their lives, it is not an excuse not to teach your kids the best. Spare time together to overcome the loneliness characteristic with single parenthood. Let the children know discipline is essential and excellent academic performance is growth. Work on saving money and find a way to co-parent to find ways to support your child extracurricular activities.

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The Social Problem of Single Parenting

This problem has been an issue and has continued to grow ever since it has began according to Single-Parent Families they explain that:

Since 1950, the number of one-parent families has increased substantially. In 1970, about 11 percent of children lived in single-parent families. During the 1970s, divorce became much more common, and the number of families headed by one parent increased rapidly. The number peaked in the 1980s and then declined slightly in the 1990s. By 1996, 31 percent of children lived in single-parent families. In 2002, the number was 28 percent. Many other children have lived in single-parent families for a time before their biological parent remarried, when they moved into a two-parent family with one biological parent and one step parent (Single-Parent Families).

This meaning that from the 1950's single parenting has been an issue and overtime our world and our society has easily evolved this situation into an everyday habit. When being a single parent there are many reasons to why parents will become single and this to has changed overtime. At first most single parents became single from the loss of their spouse, but now things have gotten more complicated. Parents separate from either it be divorce or simply never marrying in the first place. The reasons are all very complicated and I personally believe that this is a personal subject to most people because some chose to be single parents and sadly others didn't. When we think of single-parents ideally it is not typical for it to be a single father, but a single mother. From the same source, Single-Parent Families, they also mention that, The most common type of single-parent family is one that consists of a mother and her biological children. In 2002, 16.5 million or 23 percent of all children were living with their single mother. This group included 48 percent of all African-American children, 16 percent of all non-Hispanic white children, 13 percent of Asian/Pacific Islander children, and 25 percent of children of Hispanic origin (Single-Parent Families). I can relate to this statistic because from the age of four years old I was raised by my mother and I am apart of the 25 percent Hispanic statistic as well. As we notice the word single in single parent we automatically think of the state of being alone or solo which shouldn't be the case, especially when being a parent. The Single Swan expresses that, I don't like the single mother label at all. Single conveys the sense of being alone. I guess I am lucky, but I don't feel alone at all. I am very connected to my parents, to my siblings and to friends, in fact possibly more connected than I would be were I married or in a couple (TheSingleSwan:2017). The article continues on with explaining that the anonymous writer is fortunate because she isn't the only one raising her son, she includes that she has help from her parents, friends, and others all around her. This is simply the positive attitude to being a single parent, and I realize this person talks about being a mother, but I believe this fits into both gender roles.

This social issue has an impact on the community that affects every aspect including: economically, environmentally, biologically, psychologically, and socially. The main impact that suffers is economically. According to Marripedia.org they state that, Single-mother families possess significantly less net worth than married parents, stepfamilies, and single fathers. Twenty-five percent of single-mother families have wealth exceeding $3,500 and 50 percent have either no wealth or negative wealth (Marripedia.org). This statistic is saddening and frightening especially with being a young women who seeks success in her future family. The site also includes that being a teen mom can worsen not only her child's life, but sadly her own due to the fact that she might have to drop out of school to support her family financially. In 2002 a statistic from Single-Parent Families explained that, twice as many single-parent families earned less than $30,000 per year compared to families with two parents present (Single-Parent Families). With not being financially stable this not only does harm to the child's future, but it takes a major toll on the parents as well. Financial stability ensures that the parent provides for a child's basic needs like food, education and clothing. Single-Parents will do almost whatever it takes to assure safety for their family; therefore, they will sacrifice their life for their children's. Also, as children grow up to become the legal age to start working most will drop-out of highschool to support their family financially as much as possible.

Another important aspect that is affected is psychologically and socially. Family structure is one of the factors that contribute to social problems meaning that two-parent families play a huge role in promoting the social well-being of the society. There are many pros and cons that play into psychological effects on both the parent and child. One reason that can be considered a pro and con is the child having to mature faster emotionally and mentally. James Rolan from Livestrong explains that, Children tend to assume responsibilities at home and learn to appreciate the sacrifices and effort made by the single parent with whom they live. Kids may at times resent having to grow up a little faster, which means it's especially important for their single parents to make sure their children still enjoy some of the typical parts of childhood (Roland: 2015). I can personally relate to this statement because from a young age I was always told I was very mature for my age and if it wasn't for my height they would think that I was much older than I actually am. Showing responsibility at a young age is something all kids do when they want to act just like adults and help their parents, but with single-parent households this role becomes more realistic rather than just for fun as other kids might see it. Education can fall into the psychological and social category by creating a lifestyle that isn't suitable for their situation at home. As mentioned before kids will drop out of highschool because they feel that their family will benefit financially if they get a full-time job to support their family. From The Consequences of Single Motherhood, author Sara Mclanahan clarifies that, Children in one-parent families also have lower grade point averages, lower college aspirations, and poorer attendance records. As adults, they have higher rates of divorce (Mclanahan: 1994). This creates a lower success in having an idealistic lifestyle compared to others who continue with school or have a more successful marriage in the future. Personally I am not one to say that because I was raised by a single-parent I will end up divorced and not be as successful as others, but this just means I will need to work a little bit harder to get the nicer things in life.

The Single Parents Advocate is an organization that is meant for single-parent families. There mission statement is Empowering single parents with support and networking to better lives. and the Founder & President is Stacie Poythress (Martin). The organization structure includes Stacie Poythress as the Founder and President, Dave Smith as the Treasurer, Steve Poythress as the Information and Technology Committee Chair, and Susan Hummel as the Marketing and Public Relations Committee Chair. The organization consists of the following four staff members and include volunteers at events, fundraising campaigns, committees, and many other ways. From the singleparentsadvocate site they state that, Single Parent Advocate, a local 501(c) 3 non-profit organization providing resource connections, growth-based training, and support for single parent families, based in Dallas Texas. Additionally Single Parent Advocate corresponds with families from all over the United States and consults nonprofits, churches, and businesses on how to build a program for success in serving and engaging single parents within their respective organizations. When asked via email What there organization has done and will be doing for the community? and What services are being provided to help the community and those around you? there response was:

Single Parent Advocate is committed to breaking this cycle and to help build resource connections for families that help them to become more productive, more resourceful and more informed on how to be the best parent they can be for their children. Single Parent Advocate and it's growing community has already provided auto repair, school supplies, food, toys, beds, family portraits, computer assistance, and hope to families that are in the gap now, and the organization vows to continue making a profound difference in the lives of single parents and their families in the years to come.

With further research I found reviews from the organization, for example, an anonymous person wrote that, Single Parent Advocate (SPA) has helped the Dallas/Ft. Worth community in so many ways. They have helped with Back to School and giving Turkey Dinner giveaways. SPA has also uplifted and honored those single parents on Mother and Father's day. another anonymous volunteer stated that, This is an amazing gift from God. As a single mom of 2 boys with no child support , this foundation provided a wealth of knowledge to get me through the hard times. There are events, and ways to make friends. They help so many and do it with eagerness. I wish more people knew about the founders cause for Single Parent Advocate. They move mountains already, they could do even more support.I love helping this group simply because I love where their heart is. Love you SPA!!!!!. These are just a few of the happy people who benefited from this organization and all of its well doing.

For the community member that I interviewed I chose my mother, Kathleen Huape. I chose her because she simply fits as a good candidate to interview to gain some personal understanding on what it's like to be a single parent. For Kathleen I asked How were you affected as a single parent?. Her initial response was that from the very beginning it was a bit of a struggle because I had just gotten out of highschool, but when I had gotten divorced it became much worse. I had to always think of my kids first and that is the same thought I have to this day. I didn't receive as much help from my parents or other relatives because I wasn't the type to ask for help. Over the years things got much better to handle because I got used to living a different lifestyle than others. Overall, I wouldn't change a thing about my life because I got the best thing out of it, which were my kids. I also asked Do you believe that this issue has gotten worse or will get worse in time? her response was, This is issue is so common that no one realizes how unusual this used to be back when I was young. The only way things can get worse is if our resources are cut from government funding and other organizations. As single parents, we should not see all the negatives with this life, but simply see all the positives that are yet to come!.

As of today, our only solutions to this problem are to simply take advantage of the resources that are out there. The Single Parent Advocate offers many resources such as: Education, Food, Finance, Careers and Employment, Government, Health, and Shelter. A problem with this solution is that people are afraid of being seen as weak minded or just weak in general, but this is not the case because these sources are out there for a reason and you aren't alone in this. If you know someone who is a single parent or if you are a single parent do not be afraid to talk about these things because there are people across the world who got your back. The sources are meant to build your family, not weaken them!

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Single Parental System and the Psychological Impact on Children

The number of single parents in the United States continues to grow but the amount of research about the effects single parenting has on children is limited. There are many aspects of single parenting that are considered stressors for children that could affect them in years to come. While you may not see the effects of single parenting in early childhood you can see it later in life. While I plan to investigate the effects, single parenting has on the development in early childhood and school. As well as we adolescence and how it could affect the way children develop. I also plan to see what effects could carry into adult hood and relationships.

First, I want to point out that the percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in the United States during the second half of the 20th century. Only 9 percent of children lived with single parents in the 1960s. Amato, P. R., Patterson, S., & Beattie, B. (2015). Many people believe that children that live in single parent homes struggle more educationally. There are many things that could attribute to the struggle of these children in school. Stressors at home often carry over with children to school, affecting their learning and behavior.

Using multilevel modeling, Pong (1997, 1998) found that U.S. students performed more poorly on math and reading achievement tests in schools with high proportions of children from single-parent families. Bankston and Caldas (1998) obtained comparable results with aggregate data on general academic achievement from students in Louisiana. In a cross-national study, Pong, Dronkers, and Hampden-Thompson (2003) found that single-parent family status

was negatively associated with math and science achievement scores in nine out of 11 countries. Amato, P. R., Patterson, S., & Beattie, B. (2015).

Single parent families often struggle more financially simply since there is only one source of income. Income of parents is often a good predictor of how well a child will or will not do in school. With only one income there is a good chance that the parents will have less time to spend with the child doing homework or studying. Growing up in a single parent home it often occurred that my mother was too busy to help with homework. My grades suffered because of the neglected homework. The cumulative amount of household instability or turbulence in children's lives is associated with a variety of problematic outcomes, including school performance and educational attainment. Amato, P. R., Patterson, S., & Beattie, B. (2015).

With poverty which single parent homes often fall under comes additional issues. Substance abuse, alcohol addiction, and poor cognitive ability often come hand and hand with poverty. When a child is born into poverty there is a high chance that child will never leave poverty. As a child is born to a single parent or parents' divorce the cycle will continue, which explains why the number of single parent homes continues to grow.

As children grow the consequences grow as well. Children who grew up in single parent homes are are twice as likely to drop out of high school, 2.5 times as likely to become teen mothers, and 1.4 times as likely to be idle -- out of school and out of work -- as children who grow up with both parents. Sara Mclanahan (1994) Some children also grow up with other disadvantages against them. It is shown that children who grew up with single parents and are Hispanic have a higher chance of school failure than there was of White Americans and African Americans.

Family disruption raises the risk of dropping out 150 percent for the average white child, 100 percent for the average Hispanic child, and 76 percent for the average black child. Sara Mclanahan (1994)

Looking at the behavior aspect of children is important when discussing the development of single parent families. In a comparison of black and white children, Deater-Deckard et al. (1996) found that physical discipline practices in the first 5 years of life were associated with higher levels of teacher-reported behavior problems for white children in kindergarten through third grade, but they found no significant association between physical discipline and subsequent teacher-reported behaviors for black children. Jackson, A. P., Preston, K. S., & Franke, T. M. (2010). The way children are disciplined has a huge effect in the way they behave in childhood and in adulthood. From my own experience I have found that being raised by a single mother who did not use physical discipline, I myself do not use physical discipline. I look down on the act of physical discipline simply because I do not see the need for it. Children pick up on the things their parents do in everyday life and if they seem hitting as a normal thing that could carry over into school and even adult hood.

Psychological effects of single parenting could differ depending on when the parents became single parents. Children who witness their parents fight constantly or get a divorce, they are more likely to have emotional issues than those kids who did not experience this. These children often turn to other sources to relive the stress of their home life. Alcohol, drugs and crime could become a normal part of their life to take their mind off the struggles at home. While children who are born into single families may see this as normal and could cope with the fact of only having one parent. My mother and father got a divorce when I was young, but that often-put stress on me because I felt like my family was not normal compared to everyone else.

With separated parents there is the struggle of splitting time between the two parents. This could be a stressor for children because they will not have a set schedule. As well as splitting time on holidays could cause stress for children. Children tend to do better when they know what their schedule is, and the same thing happens every day. Not having a schedule could cause poor school work, poor social skills, and possibility detachment from their parents. This may make younger children feel insignificant to their parents or that they do not want them around. School work may also struggle in the day to day moving they could forget homework somewhere or lose it.

Children who were raised by a single parent is more likely to drop out of college than one who was raised by two parents. This shows that the effects of single parenting does not only affect children, but also it could carry into young adulthood. If children did not have the right type of relationship with their parent when they are young it is proven that they can continue to struggle into adulthood. Young adults could also turn to alcohol or drugs to fill the void that they may have because of the missing parent. These young adults could struggle with the relationships they form or try to form. These relationships could struggle because they may not have seen how a household functions with two parents. Being from a single mother home, I often thought I would never find a person to spend my life with. I also did not think that they were families were happy and functioned with two parents.

Coming from a single parent home often cause the child to also suffer from coming from a financially unstable home. It is said that children who suffer from financially instability also suffer more than those children who come from a more financially stable home. Drugs, alcohol, and other aspects can be thrown into the mix with poor families. Not only could the children have substance abuse issues the parents are more likely to have some type of addiction. The children who come from poor single parent homes have just about everything going against them. The chances of going to college is much lower for this group of children.

While many things point to a negative outcome for children raised by single parents, these children are not completely doomed. If they have a strong social support, which means there are neighbors or friends that often help the parent these children have a good chance of being successful. It is also said that grandparents are a positive input to a negative situation. With my own upbringing, my mother had many people who lived close to us that were willing to help. My grandparents took on the part of raising me and being my backbone, which I think is what made it possible for my positive outcome from a negative situation. Many single parents may turn to these people to be their support as well. People always say, It takes a village to raise a child, and in this case they are very right.

Many people view being raised by a single parent as a negative, not everything is the way it seems. There are chances for positives to happen, and some overcome the challenges stronger than before. There is research that shows how single parent has developmental effects on young children, adolescent children, and how it can even carry over to adulthood. None the less, children overcome obstacles and become great people.

References

Amato, P. R., Patterson, S., & Beattie, B. (2015). Single-parent households and children's educational achievement: A state-level analysis. Social science research, 53, 191-202.

The Consequences of Single Motherhood. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://prospect.org/article/consequences-single-motherhood

Jackson, A. P., Preston, K. S., & Franke, T. M. (2010). Single Parenting and Child Behavior Problems in Kindergarten. Race and social problems, 2(1), 50-58.

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A Story about Jesus Crist

John 11:32-44
32 When Mary came where Jesus was and saw him, she knelt at his feet and said to him, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.”33 When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her also weeping, he was greatly disturbed in spirit and deeply moved. 34 He said, “Where have you laid him?” They said to him, “Lord, come and see.” 35 Jesus began to weep. 36 So the Jews said, “See how he loved him!” 37 But some of them said, “Could not he who opened the eyes of the blind man have kept this man from dying?”
38 Then Jesus, again greatly disturbed, came to the tomb. It was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. 39 Jesus said “Take away the stone.” Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, “Lord, already there is a stench because he has been dead four days.” 40 Jesus said to her, “Did I not tell you that if you believed, you would see the glory of God?” 41 So they took away the stone. And Jesus looked upward and said, “Father, I thank you for having heard me. 42 I knew that you always hear me, but I have said this for the sake of the crowd standing here, so that they may believe that you sent me.” 43 When he had said this, he cried with a loud voice, “Lazarus, come out!” 44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, “Unbind him, and let him go.”

Growing up, I learned of many different traditions and customs my parents held. One of those customs was during dinner time, as everyone would gather around the table to eat, there was this expectation that we would go around the table and everyone would say a bible verse. The hope was that mom or dad would pick you first because you already knew what scripture you were going to recite...the shortest one in the Bible...Jesus wept!
It relieved the pressure of trying to figure out what verse you were going to share when you were picked first, while others had to really dig.

Today scripture includes this verse, and it tells us just why Jesus wept. It helps us to grasp the fact that Jesus really was fully human and fully divine, and it gives substantial evidence for me of the that it is okay to love so much that it moves you to cry. The Christian calendar calls me to embrace this at least twice a year when we celebrate Good Friday and we share the 7 last saying of Jesus, recall how Jesus cried out, My, God My God, why have you forsaken me.” So today as we celebrate All Saints’ Day, a day as John Wesley put it ,of “triumphant joy”. We remember Christian saints, who have gone on before us, and we offer thanks for their lives and celebrate their witness as they have prepared the way for us and are now resting in the presence of our God.
We have so much to celebrate today knowing that they have fought the good fight and are apart of the great cloud of witnesses, cheering us on as we continue in this fight of faith.

We have so much to celebrate today, but in our text, we find our Jesus weeping.

Anyone ever wept? Have you ever encountered a pain so intense, you began to weep? I am not asking about crying, I mean weeping.
Now weeping is more than tears rolling down your face. Weeping includes moaning, wailing, sobbing, lamenting, even hollering.
It’s more than tears from hitting your pinky toe on the corner of your bed, more than the expression of an Aggie who just watched their football team lose to Auburn University... in the last 4 mins of the football game.

Weeping is an ancient Jewish expression of mourning and grief.
So, Mary and Martha are weeping, and others present, are also weeping. Then hear that “Jesus began to weep.”

Why is Jesus weeping?

Mary, repeating what Martha had already said, tells Jesus, “Lord, if you had been here, my brother would not have died.”

Now that is some kind of faith. Mary and Martha believe in Jesus so much that they blame him for the death of their, brother Lazarus.

Okay, so why does Jesus weep?

Perhaps he weeps in unity with others who are grieving, as an act of oneness and solidarity with those who grieve.

This weeping one-ness, shows us a God who feels the pain and suffering of humanity. As Luke Powery put it, this is a communal holy sorrow. Jesus wept to demonstrate that you and I are not alone in the midst of hurt and tragedy and brokenness.”

It reveal that God is fully present with us even in the midst of life’s most painful situations, even when we feel like we are sitting in the pit of Hell. God is with us! Jesus is there weeping.

As we live in the aftermath of hurricanes like Micheal, you may know some folks in South Carolina, Some who were affected in someway and endured the loss of their homes, flooding, loss of mementos, fire, cars flooded and underwater. We’ve witnessed on the news, entire towns being destroyed by the impact of water.

Or maybe you have encountered other difficulties in your life, the tragic death of a loved one, and you can relate to Mary’s words:

“Lord if you had been here, my brother, sister, mother, father, son, daughter, uncle, cousin, friend, would have not died.”

BUT GOD IS THERE, WEEPING RIGHT ALONG WITH YOU AND EVERYONE ELSE!

Friends, when we suffer, and when we weep, God does not turn a death ear to us, rather God weeps right there with us! And God calls us to bear one another’s burdens and to weep in unity and solidarity, to be a communion of saints, to be a crowd of witnesses through a spiritual weeping.
How beautiful is this passage?! That reveals to us that God joins in our human suffering and opens God’s self up to the perils of this world...Jesus wept.

BUT wait a minute, the text seems to suggest that Jesus wept for another reason.. verse 36:
“Jesus began to weep. So the Jews said, ‘See how he loved him!’”

Jesus weeps as a sign of His love for Lazarus. Not just to be in solidarity with Mary and the others, but because he loved Lazarus.

In his 1987 book called Lament for a Son, about the tragic death of his 25 year old son, Eric, philosophical theologian, Nicholas Wolterstorff, writes, “If [one] was worth loving, [one] is worth grieving over.

It’s okay to shed tears, it’s okay to weep, it is not a sign of weakness; rather it exemplifies a holy strength, one that this culture may not fully understand. BUT weeping is a reflection of love. What a Joy it is to Know Our Jesus Wept!

A weeping love is one that flows for those gone from this earth, a mother, father, daughter, son, uncle, aunt, husband, wife, cousin, close friend, colleague, mentor. All saints.

After studying this passage...
Now I better understand why at the first funeral I performed, the wife of a loving husband literally pulled his body out of the casket, while weeping, or even why people try to jump in the casket. This wife was weeping because she loved him with a deep love!
When God weeps, its because God loves. Jesus was weeping to reveal his love in the face of suffering, even as he headed toward the cross.

Jesus began to weep as an act of solidarity with Mary and Martha and others Jesus wept because of His love for Lazarus and the world.

But friends this weeping was in the face of death. Yes, Jesus
Who was on His wayto give himself up for the sins of the entire world, stopped by a little village to the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus to put death in its place.

Yes, Jesus is weeping but it is not a weeping of defeat, it is a weeping that stirs up anger and resistance.
It is a weeping that inspires His purpose and zeal.
It is a weeping that moves Him at the very core of His being.

His beloved Lazarus is dead, has been for 4 days, according to Martha and he is already stinking. Death stinks! Somebody say, Death stinks!

Yes, death stinks, and Jesus is not happy about it!

Yes, Jesus weeps, because he recognizes his friend Lazarus is in death’s grip.

Yes, He weeps because he recognizes the weight and bondage of death.

Yes, He weeps, but this weeping is in the face of the aching pain of the absence of life.

Yes, He weeps over death because He knows there is life and liberty on the other side of death.

Yes, He weeps, because death breaks His heart.

Yes, he weeps,
but he does not just sit down in defeat,
he does not curl up in a corner and cry,
he heads to the tomb, and demands that the stone be rolled away! (Perhaps foreshadowing Jesus’ resurrection)
My my!

Yes He weeps, BUT

Jesus Is the Resurrection AND The Life!

So He declares, Lazarus, come out! Verse 44:
44 The dead man came out, his hands and feet bound with strips of cloth, and his face wrapped in a cloth. Jesus said to them, “Unbind him, and let him go.” Lazarus who was dead is now alive!

This miracle, is not just about Jesus ability to raise from the dead, it’s about NEW LIFE and freedom!

In this act, God reveals through Jesus that God is All Powerful and is able and willing to defeat death. This miracle reveals that death does not have the final say! It reveals that God is willing and able to give us new life, and just like Lazarus was released and unbound from those garments of cloth, God offers us freedom.

Can you hear Jesus declaring in your life “Unbind her and let her go!”

Will you receive new life and freedom today? Freedom and new life from alcohol and drug addiction, new life and freedom from depression, and from suicidal thought, new life and freedom from prejudices, and bigotry, new life and freedom from illness and disease, new life and freedom from feelings of inadequacy, new life and freedom from feeling unloved.

Today, be free! Today, as Jesus weeps, know He weeps because He loves you, with a love that is unconditional so much so that He gave Himself for you. But in His resurrection, death’s grip was released for a new life of freedom ......
and to think it all began with weeping.

Friends, As Psalm 30:5b declares: Weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning light!

So as we celebrate All Saints Sunday, we celebrate those who have died in the faith, may we celebrate knowing death does not have the victory!
As the Apostle Paul declares:
I Corinthians 15:55-57
O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?
56 The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.
57 But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.

Thanks be to God!
Let us pray.
Thank you it is okay to cry. It is okay to weep. Jesus, Thank you for what you did in Lazarus. Revealing to us that life’s situations, and pains break your heart too. We love you God and are grateful for your presence in our lives. Thank you for releasing us from places in our lives that have us bound, help us God as we walk in new life and freedom.
Invitation
Accept Christ
Rededication and renewal
Special Prayer for empowerment to release those unhealthy places in our lives.

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Should America have Declared War on Japan after the Bombing of Pearl Harbor

Was President Roosevelt right to ask congress in the famous Day of Infamy Speech to declare such a war (PPT)? The events surrounding the declaration, mainly the bombing of Pearl Harbor, left such an impact on the forces of American military, I believe that President Roosevelt and Congress had no other choice. In my recent watching of the movie Pearl Harbor, and even though there are historical errors within the movie, I felt as if the movie gave the impression that the right decision was made.

In less than two hours the Japanese managed to destroy almost 20 American ships and 300 American planes (PPT). Although the Pacific fleet was far from crippled the damage was significant in that over 2400 military personnel and civilians lost their lives. (PPT) The movie Pearl Harbor hid the historical facts of the events leading Americans into involvement in WWII behind a romantic love story. Instead of portraying the main reasons for the attack, such as Japan's desire to expand in the pacific, or the sanctions placed on the Japanese by the Americans it chose to simplify the reasons by laying the blame on the Americans denying Japan the oil it needed. The facts were that US was unhappy with the aggressive moves of Japan on China, and with the Tripartite Act in which Japan joined the axis powers of Germany and Italy, which in turn caused relations between the two countries to deteriorate. (PPT) These actions lead to the freezing of Japanese assets in the US (PPT) and a recognition that an attack was inevitable”but no one knew when or where it would take place.

Prior to the attack (1937) on Pearl Harbor two-thirds of Americans felt that the US should stay out of international affairs. (PPT) Congress passed a Neutrality Act in 1937 that made it illegal for Americans to sell or transport weapons as a deterrent for keeping the US out of war (PPT). However, the 2001 movie Pearl Harbor failed to portray the sentiments of the American people, instead gave a false sense of patriotism surrounding the events portrayed and totally left out any of these historical events. In 1940, the US congress signed into law the Selective Service Act, making it the first time Americans were drafted during peace time. (PPT) In the movie, Pearl Harbor”the main characters, Danny and Rafe (childhood friends) are Army Air Corp Pilots who witness the battle at Pearl Harbor and take to the skies to defend the harbor against the Japanese”this part is factual because some of the American pilots were able to launch a defense and take down some Japanese planes.

On the day following the attack at Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt delivered a message to congress that stressed the need for them to take action in retaliation for the attack. Three days later (PPT) war was declared moving the US into war with Japan, Germany and Italy. The war involvement came at a high cost for the US, not only in monetary costs but in the loss of the lives of many soldiers. (PPT) The US one by one moved the Japanese forces from the islands that they had previously taken over (PPT)”thus allowing them to utilize the resources from each one. The battles at Iwo Jima and Okinawa being two of the most important because of the roll these two islands would play in the end of the battle. These victories were essential for the end result to be successful when the US dropped the bombs on Japan's mainland that eventually led to the end of World War II.

In conclusion, I believe that the events, victories and outcome of the war itself give credence to the correct decision by the US president and congress to declare war on Japan. When negotiations between the US and Japan proved to be unsuccessful and all attempts by the US to thwart war became a moot point with the attack on Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt really had no choice but to call for American Intervention. I can also conclude that the movie Pearl Harbor although highly historically inaccurate did accomplish an important feat, it called back to attention these events in our history that helped shape the world we live in today.

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The Attack on Pearl Harbor

The 7th of December marked the day that President Franklin Roosevelt described as the date which will live in infamy, the Japanese attacked the U.S naval base in Hawaii Pearl Harbor without warning. The devastating assault resulted in many American casualties that turned the citizens of America furious and that was reflected in the president's declaration of war against Japan. The unforgettable day in 1941 in which Pearl Harbor was attacked affected the country's participation in the second World War, and the patriotic spirit of every American.

The merciless Japenese military attacked and bombed the great base in Hawaii known as Pearl Harbor exactly 77 years ago on the 7th of December in 1941. Pearl Harbor was America's Gibraltar of the Pacific, the acting home port for the Pacific fleet (Parrish). The Japanese target, Pearl Harbor was thought to be an impregnable fort capable of withstanding any and all attacks that could be made against it. Pearl Harbor was made to be the stronghold of the United States, a title that intrigued many nations that were opposed to the U.S, but was only a target to the Japanese. The Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, killing thousands and wreaking havoc across the United States' naval and air fleets (Depression). The attack was unforeseeable and America was not prepared to defend itself against the flurry of Japanese fighter planes.

Casualties were over 2,400 American deaths with more than 1,100 wounded, alongside 23 ships and other water vessels that were damaged or sunk and around 188 destroyed Japanese aircrafts. The nation was filled with hatred as the news of Pearl Harbor came, and as President Roosevlt called it a date which will live in infamy (Depression). Ever since, The United States has continued to honor the fallen warriors of this merciless attack that impacted everyone living in the country from children to elderly. Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on The States, the next day after the attack and americans shouted Remember Pearl Harbor as they fought on in World War Two, leaving the past behind and uniting together as one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all (Parrish).

After the attack, President Franklin Roosevelt received the Congress' approval to join the war. America tried to maintain a stance of neutrality and only committed to supplying Allied forces, but when the Japanese bombs hit, an unwanted beast, furious and lusting for revenge was awakened. The declaration passed with only a single dissenting vote (America). Most citizens lusted for revenge and felt its necessity, and support of the nation going to war was widespread across the country. I don't think it was American weakness that put us in World War Two; duplicity by the japanese is what put us into the Pacific War (Shirley qtd. In Morella). The United States joining the war was to express its might and power, but the Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor was the only one capable of conquering Japan's Navy (A Brief). In 1941, Japan had the military power of about 2.4 million trained soldiers and the U.S military stood at only 1.5 million fighters and only one third of them were trained. The U.S had only 1,157 planes in its air fleet and only 347 warships in its Navy while the Japanese air fleet consisted of about 7,500 planes, thus, President Franklin Roosevelt decided not to immediately retaliate against Japan. And he used the majority of his forces to fight Germany (US Goes). That decision came about for many reasons, Germany was an advanced nation, which was threatening to the U.S, and Britain, one of America's closest allies was fighting against germany (US Goes). So it was the most sensible decision and thus, the country joined the war with a sanguine head on their shoulders. And in 1942, U.S planes stopped the japanese advance on Australia at the Battle of Coral Sea (Feldmeth). The citizens were ravenous after revenge on those who have wronged them, and any advancement was gargantuan to them. America was a huge aid to the allied forces in many successful battles against the axis powers. America put out everything in this war and it paid off. Because of the involvement in the war and the attack on Pearl Harbor, Americans showed the patriotism they have always been known for as they volunteered to defend their cherished country from bombings and invasions. They trained in aircraft spotting, bomb removal, first-aid and firefighting (America). And those were only a few of the many actions, citizens took in order to keep their beloved country safe throughout the war. Civilians rationed sugar so that the army could have chocolate bars, a standard K ration (America). The K ration was first supplied in World War II and at the time chocolate bars fit the needs of the military due to their portability and nutritional value. But many other citizens felt that supplying sugar so that more chocolate bars would be made for the troops was not enough so they themselves joined the service. And as more men and women were sworn into the military, more flags were raised in front of homes and businesses, more motivational and patriotic quotes and mottos appeared in newspapers and magazines. For that it was of high importance to keep the nation's spirits up in those troubling times. The production which has flowed from the country to all the battlefronts of the world has been due to the efforts of American business, American labor, and American farmers, working together as a patriotic team (President Roosevelt qtd. In America). Patriotism needed to rise because the nation was in such an economic depression, providing Americans a reason to support their country. One man recalled this infamous day, saying, I was in Scouts, and much of our scout-time was spent on war projectsbuilding things, planting gardens, collecting scrap iron, studying first-aid, identifying Jap and Kraut airplanes and ships (Norris). Including children who had to mature quickly to help their fellow citizens who were being shipped off to war. Patriotism united Americans together in a bond like no other across the entire country, and that's how america left a lasting impact on the world.

The date which will live in infamy is December 7th, 1941 commemrated by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, when the Japanese unleashed a merciless attack against Pearl Harbor. This unforgettable day was when citizens came united and patriotism exploded, it was during the war that the country wanted to avoid but turned ravenous for retribution after the Japanese attack, and it will be remembered as the date which will live in infamy for eons to come.

Works Cited

"America Goes to War." The National WWII Museum. National WWII Museum, n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. .

"A Brief History of the U.S. Army on World War Two." U.S. Army Center of Military History. United States Army, n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. .

"Depression and WWII." America's Story from America's Library. Lib. of Cong., n.d. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. .

Feldmeth, Greg D. "American Involvement in World War II." U.S. History Resources. N.p., 31 Mar. 1998. Web. 27 Feb. 2014. .

Norris, Don. "After Pearl, Patriotism Flourished." Remembering World War II: n. pag. The Melrose Mirror. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

Parrish, Ann. "Pearl Harbor." Our States: Geographic Treasures(2011): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 3 Mar. 2014.

"US Goes to War After Pearl Harbor, but Japan Is Not the First Target." Learning English. VOA, 27 Feb. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. .

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What was Pearl Harbor?

Did you know that Pearl Harbor was one of the causes for the U.S join the war? There is one question that many people ask: What was Pearl Harbor? There are the points of what it was, who planned the attack, what happened, What things were left unfinished, and what is it now. There are many more questions about Pearl Harbor, but if this essay covered them all it may become a book. It will also show what people will do for power and fame. Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base. It is located in near Honolulu, Hawaii on the island of Oahu. It is close to the middle of the pacific ocean. It is about 2,000 miles from the U.S. mainland and 4,000 miles from Japan. It was a 20,000 acre naval base. (History.com staff, 1) There was a growing tension between the Allied powers and the Axis powers during World War Two. The Japanese wanted to own more land and territory because it needed natural resources, such as oil and aluminum. Then the British sent out a full embargo on Japan. Japan then decides to cripple American flets, because they want them to pay for not supporting them. They start planning as early as January 1941. With the help of Yamamoto, who had studied in the U.S., the attack was planned to destroy Pearl Harbor. This plan was denied several times before ever being approved.

It was eventually approved, because Japan believed it may have been their last shot at a chance in the pacific. Then they set the attack into motion. They planned to attack on a sunday, because they knew americans would be more relaxed. Even enemies are true to their word, because as they said they would attack on a Sunday they did. They even planned the attack to be secret, so they would not be noticed. (Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, 1)Sure enough it was about 7:55 in the morning on Sunday December 7, 1941, the Japanese fleet moved in unnoticed by the Americans. They bombed the base with aircraft and they even used some submarines. They caused a devastating attack. They had a first wave of fighters at 7:55 and a second wave at 8:55. By 9:55 it was all over. ( Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941 1) The americans did fight back, but it was no match, the Japanese had destroyed much of that base. More than 2,400 american people were killed in that attack. Even more lost a loved one or someone on that base. This does not include the Japanese people that were lost. More than 1,000 people were injured. All eight ships were damaged or sunk. All but two were able to be repaired. The U.S. Arizona and the U.S. Oklahoma were not able to be repaired. There were 188 destroyed planes.This day was a really horrible day in U.S. History. President Franklin D. Roosevelt called it a day that will forever live in infamy. (Brett 1)Soon after congress took action. FDR gave his Day of Infamy speech to congress to persuade them to declare war. The people were also taking action. For the first time in years they wanted to go to war. They wanted the Japanese to pay for what they had done to America.

Congress then declared war on Japan and its allies. Pearl Harbor Was one of the leading causes that America joined the war. (Brett 1)Many people left unfinished business in this world when they died. Many had jobs had never been finished by people on that base when the attack took place. People had dreams that never got fulfilled. There was even one person who had a daughter who died and he was going to dump her ashes into the waters of the pacific. Unfortunately he never had the chance and her remains remained in his locker on board the USS Utah. Much of the fuel from the ships leaked into the Pacific where a large amount of oil has been collected in a underground plume, beneath Pearl Harbor. (Landess, 1)Now Pearl Harbor serves still as a military base, but it also serves as a memorial for what happened on December 7, 1941. It is a welcoming place to anyone who was there during the attack to reflect on what had happened. It also serves as a place for families to reflect on their loved one who had been here. If you were someone on the base during the attack you may choose to have the ashes of your body tossed into the waters of the Pacific Ocean at the base. It also serves as a reminder of the fallen and the memories of the horrid day of December 7. (Pearl Harbor Historics, 1) Even though the Japanese were responsible for the attack, many people visit from there to see Pearl Harbor. (Landess, 1)In conclusion Pearl Harbor was a victim of a devastating attack. It was a huge base that did not stand against the Axis powers. It had many losses not just of lives, but of aircraft and ships. It is now rebuilt and running. It still serves as a reminder of what people will do for power. It also still serves as a place of remembrance for the fallen. Wars mainly take place because people want power. This essay shows what people will do for power. They will go to great expense to get power and when they get it they want more. They will go to the bitter end to get something as stupid as fame. Wanting fame is not bad. Wanting riches is not bad. Unfortunately many people would want more when they get what they want. They would go to the extent to killing people to get just a silly thing such as power.

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Moral Law and Killing

Within the listing of the Bible's ten commandments is the law 'thou shalt not kill.' This moral commandment has been broken by individuals for centuries and keeps being rebroken almost every day. There is an unsettlingly fascination with the people who commit these horrible crimes, enough fascination for serial killers to infest popular culture in the form of movies, television shows, and literature. Notoriously, the most infamous serial killers are male. Males are mostly recalled because the stigma surrounding males showcase them as being powerful, manipulative, and forceful to their weaker prey. This stereotype completely takes female killers out of the picture. Seemingly, society does not have the ability to categorize women into these aggressive, inhumane monsters, even if they are. Women are more ruthless than those of their male counterparts because of their own passive stereotype.

Homicides are not a rare phenomenon, although members of society would like them to be because of the horror of the situation. In the United States, there were 17,793 homicides, about 5.5 people per 100,000 people in 2015 (National Center for Health Statistics). Also, men perpetrate about 90 percent of the world's homicides (Gibian). When the word serial killer comes to mind, names such as Jeffrey Dahmer, Ted Bundy, and Charles Manson immediately pop into conversation, but why not Aileen Wuornos, Myra Hindley, and Amelia Dyer? These are some of the more popular female serial killers, but their popularity is few and far between even though about one in six serial murderers is a woman (Anthes). Delving into some of the more recognized female serial killers, their stories are as chilling as those as men. Aileen Wuornos murdered at least six men in Florida from the fall of 1989 to December of 1990. Wuornos's terror came to an end after the body of Richard Mallory was found in a junkyard, with five more men's bodies to be discovered over subsequent months. (Aileen Wuornos). Born in 1956, in Michigan, she was raised and soon abused as a small child; consequently, she was thrown out of her home. Eventually, Wuornos started selling herself as a sex worker on Florida's highways where she would pick these men up and kill them.

After being imprisoned, her mental health was questioned, but surely enough she was sentenced to death row. In 2002, Wuornos was given a lethal injection that ended her life (Aileen Wuornos). The fascination surrounding this specific female serial killer inspired a film entitled Monster, documentaries, and an opera. Another chilling, female killer is Myra Hindley. She was born in 1942 in Manchester, England. She lived a normal life, parented by her grandma until a close friend drowned causing her to leave school and drastically change her religion to Roman Catholic. From there, she fell in love with stock clergy, Ian Brady. Brady was in prison before meeting Hindley and to test her blind allegiance, Brady hatched plans of rape and murder. [Together the pair kidnapped and killed] Pauline Reade, 12-year-old John Kilbride, 12-year-old Keith Bennett, [and] 10-year old Lesley Ann Downey (Myra Hindley). The police were guided to the pair through Hindley's brother who witnessed a victim being killed with an axe by Brady. Hindley was brought to trial in 1966 and was found guilty on two accounts of first degree murder, and she was imprisoned until her death in 2002. From these two case studies it is pretty evident that women are just as vile and cruel as men. What makes women such more ruthless is the fact that they are the mothers and are the wives; the people in life who are sweet, caring, and innocent. This is why they are not always given the worst punishments, or labeled with the title of serial killer therefore discounting them from the mainstream male serial killers.

Recirculating to the idea that society cannot bare to label women serial killers is supported by the case of Dorothea Puente. When an elderly man named Alvaro Montoya went missing, police officers found his remains and the remains of six other elderly individuals in his yard. The investigation found Puente guilty of poisoning the elderly tenants in order to cash out their disability and government-benefit checks. When a journalist, Eric Hickey, went on to interview the FBI involved in the case, they declined to label Puente a serial killer. (She was eventually convicted in three of the deaths.) They said, 'Oh, that's not serial killing,' (Anthes). His view that women cannot simply be predators in the way that male serial killers are, led to Puente receiving easier punishments. Puente's case was an obvious textbook case of serial killings. Of the seven bodies found, she was charged on three accounts of first degree murder. Three accounts would give any male the title of a serial killer, but for Puente it did not, she was just titled an elderly woman.

This insinuates that the stereotypes inscribed in our understanding of sociology and psychology has caused women serial killers to be treated with more empathy than male serial killers, even if their crimes are more disturbing. In specificity to disturbing cases, the name Amelia Dyer comes to mind. Dyer worked at a baby farm for twenty years in the mid-17th century. Baby farming simply means she would take in unwanted infants in order to ensure a constant income. She is one of the most prolific killers of all time, killing over four hundred infants. This woman killed innocent babies by strangling them and disposing of their bodies. Even after all of this death, Dyer was only accused of one murder, discounting the other hundreds of children that died under her care. (Gunderman). In the end, Dyer was hung for her crime, but the point is she was only charged for one murder because she was a widowed, mentally ill, nurse. The men in this time period could not label her as could none of the other men throughout history could label these women for what they really were, serial killers.

Regardless of sex, all consecutive killers should be labeled serial killers. However, the basic structural features of female killers differ from those of male killers. These differences have been observed and studied by Marissa Harrison, a psychologist at Penn State Harrisburg. She and her team created an online encyclopedia of serial killers and mass murderers. They ultimately identified sixty-four female serial killers who were active between 1821 and 2008. The researchers then used reputable news sources to compile a profile of each murderer, noting her age, birthplace, ethnicity, relationship status, religion, and more (Anthes). This database of serial killers gave theory to the quiet killers. Women serial killers most commonly target people they know, where men like to randomly select victims most ordinarily for sex purposes. However, women target for money, and this is proven by the fact that almost half of the women in Harrison's sample killed for financial gain (Anthes). Another key feature that was observed was women's method of killing. Whereas men's preferred weapon is aggressive acts such as strangling or shooting, women tended to lean towards poison. One grueling finding from Harrison's database is the recurrence of these women in caregiving roles such as nurses, teachers, or babysitters therefore allowing them easy access to their victims. All of these traits make women such low targets for blame on cruel crimes. People on the outside will think these passive, caring women could cause no harm, which only makes them more lethal and deadly than male serial killers.

Serial killings and the mental processes that function within the killers head, have intrigued society for centuries. Society may never know why these seemingly polite and mannered members of society sprawl off the rails and kill. What society does know at this instant is that male and female serial killers are a threat to the public safety as they commit cruel crimes against humanity. Serial killing sprees will always be a problem, but hopefully from studying the actions and psychological patterns from past incidents, society can spot the warning signs and bring down the rate of serial killings.

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Moral Law and Killing. (2019, Jun 26). Retrieved November 2, 2025 , from
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The Pearl Harbor Attack

In my opinion, I believe the attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise. To support my theory, on December 7,1941, two planes came crashing, and the planes were sent at different times on that day. One plane was sent at 8:00 PM while the other was sent at 9:00 PM. By 1:00 PM, the carriers, that launched the planes from 274 miles off the coast of Oahu, were heading back to Japan. Leaving behind, 2,403 casualties, 188 destroyed planes, and a diminished Pacific Fleet that included either eight damaged or destroyed battleships. In one stroke, the Japanese action silenced the debate that had divided Americans ever since the German defeat of France which left England alone in the fight against the Nazi terror. That horrible day has been a major event that has happened in our world and it has affected the people as well. People to this day question Was the Pearl Harbor a Surprise Attack or Not? I do think so, but that is just my opinion. At the end of the Pearl Harbor attack, it left 2,335 dead and 68 civilians and 1,104 wounded. This was a devastating time for them to process because it was a surprise attack. News of the "sneak attack" is broadcast to the American public via radio bulletins, with many popular Sunday afternoon entertainment programs being interrupted. The news sends a shockwave across the nation and results in a tremendous influx of young volunteers into the U.S. armed forces. The attack also unites the nation behind the President and effectively ends isolationist sentiment in the country.

The Japanese strike force turns for home. In the 44 months of war that will follow, the U.S. Navy will sink every one of the Japanese aircraft carriers, battleships and cruisers in this strike force. And when Japan signs the surrender document on Sept. 2, 1945, among the U.S. warships in Tokyo Bay will be a victim of the attack, the USS West Virginia. (National Geographic, Military Times) Couple days later, Japan's allies Germany, and Italy had declared war on the United States. Which brought United states to World War 1. Apparently, the surprise was not really a surprise because they knew about the attack. The reason I believe it is a surprise because even if you knew about why didn't you stop their attack, but it is debatable because most countries are more dominant than others which sounds like this situation. President Roosevelt apparently said something about no one is getting into their country and attacking them, and karma hits them hard core! See it was a not a surprise attack apparently! President Franklin D.Roosevelt was warned three days before the attack that the Japanese empire was eyeing up Hawaii with a view to "open conflict." (Goddard). So bacascilly, President Roosevelt ignored the fact that the United States was going to get attack. After that President Roosevelt declared war on japan.The European and Southeast Asian became a conflict with the Axis powers, so it was basically Japan, Germany and Italy, united against America, Britain, France, and their Allies. Shortly after 9:00 a.m. on December 8, most Pacific Coast radio stations went live to Washington to cover Franklin Roosevelt's speech to a joint session of Congress. Roosevelt announced that the attack on Pearl Harbor was a day that would live in infamy, and he asked Congress for a declaration of war. (Bill Yenne)

CITED SOURCE

"Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (1997).

The History Place World at war in Europe, www.historyplace.com

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The Pearl Harbor Attack. (2019, Jun 26). Retrieved November 2, 2025 , from
https://studydriver.com/2019/06/

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